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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Its press secretary suggested liberal TV stars suffered no consequences for saying \"the most horrible things\" about President Donald Trump. The president himself earlier tweeted to suggest a double standard by TV executives. Barr said she was considering fighting back after her show was cancelled. What did the White House say? On Wednesday, President Trump broke his silence on Barr, who has been one of his most outspoken supporters. He jabbed on Twitter at Disney chief executive Bob Iger, who apologised to African-American former Obama aide Valerie Jarrett after Barr's Monday night tweet likening her to an ape. Disney is the parent company of ABC TV network, which on Tuesday dropped the rebooted '90s sitcom \"Roseanne\" amid a ferocious online backlash against its star. At the White House daily press briefing, the president's spokeswoman, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, expanded on Mr Trump's tweet. \"The president pointed to the hypocrisy in the media saying the most horrible things about this president and nobody addresses it,\" said Mrs Sanders. She said Mr Iger did not say sorry for ESPN presenter Jemele Hill calling Mr Trump a white supremacist. Disney also owns ESPN, a sports channel. The press secretary said no apology was forthcoming either when Joy Behar, a presenter of ABC's The View, mocked Vice President Mike Pence's Christian faith, suggesting he might be mentally ill. Mrs Sanders also highlighted a \"profane rant\" by comedian Kathy Griffin against Mr Trump on the same morning show. \"This is a double standard that the president is speaking about,\" Mrs Sanders concluded, \"no one is defending her [Barr's] comments, they're inappropriate.\" At the end of the news conference, one reporter shouted: \"Where is the president's apology for the things he's said over the years?\" Mrs Sanders walked out without answering. What is Barr saying? A day after striking a contrite tone for her tweet suggesting Valerie Jarrett was a cross-breed of Planet of the Apes and the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist group, the TV personality was in a more defiant mood. Barr also tweeted at former fellow cast member Michael Fishman, who played her son on the show: \"You throw me under the bus. nice!\" Like other cast members, he has condemned her racist tweet. Hours earlier, Barr said that her tweet had been \"unforgiveable\" and urged followers not to defend her. She also blamed the inflammatory post on sleeping pills, saying she had been \"ambien tweeting\". But the drug's manufacturer, Sanofi, said in a statement: \"While all pharmaceutical treatments have side effects, racism is not a known side effect of any Sanofi medication.\" On Tuesday, Barr apologised to Mrs Jarrett and pledged to give up Twitter. But the comedian was back on the platform soon after, posting: \"I'm tired of being attacked and belittled more than other comedians who have said worse.\" What's happening to her show? A spokesman for Viacom, which owns various networks including Paramount, earlier said it would stop airing old episodes of Roseanne. The streaming service Hulu also said it would be removing the sitcom from its library. Her revived show's premiere in March pulled in more than 25 million people, with delayed viewing counted in. The comedy series won conservative plaudits because Barr plays a supporter of Mr Trump, a group largely ignored by Hollywood. ABC had renewed it for a second season until the Jarrett tweet."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"But with Donald Trump skipping the White House Correspondents' Dinner for the second year running, the honour of attending this year went to his press secretary, Sarah Sanders. Sanders said the president had encouraged his staff to attend, and that she thought it was \"important for us to be here\". After enduring biting mockery from comedian Michelle Wolf, she looked as though she might be regretting the choice. Many administration officials, including the president himself, became the butt of the joke. (Trump tweeted the following day that he thought the event was \"boring\" and that Wolf \"bombed\".) But the onslaught against Sanders, sitting on the head table, left onlookers arguing about whether Wolf had gone too far, or whether her comments were justified. 'Aunt Lydia' In a 'roast' that drew both laughs and gasps, Wolf started by saying: \"We are graced with Sarah's presence tonight. I have to say I'm a little star struck.\" The former Daily Show contributor then compared the press secretary to the matronly but terrifying disciplinarian in the TV adaptation of Margaret Atwood's most famous dystopian novel. \"I love you as Aunt Lydia in 'The Handmaid's Tale',\" Wolf told Sanders. The comedian caused more controversy with a quip referring to her make-up: \"I actually really like Sarah. I think she's very resourceful. But she burns facts and then she uses that ash to create a perfect smokey eye. \"Maybe she's born with it, maybe it's lies. It's probably lies.\" Maggie Haberman, White House correspondent for the New York Times (which stopped attending the event in 2008), questioned Wolf's attack on the press secretary's appearance. Another Twitter user wrote: \"Shame on her! How dare she go after her looks and character. What happened to women power and women stick together? \"I guess that only happens when you are on the same side of the isle. I hope she never works again!\" 'Solid, cutting jokes' After her routine, Wolf said she was commenting on Sanders' \"despicable behaviour\" rather than her looks. But others watching said it showed Mr Trump, who has called the media \"the enemy of the American people\", was right not to attend the event. \"This is disgusting, unfunny, and exactly why most of America dislikes the media,\" wrote one critic on social media. Comedian Tim Young suggested media mockery of Mr Trump was fuelling support for him. But other correspondents and comedians watching, such as New York Times commentator Wajahat Ali, said the press secretary was fair game. Kumail Nanjani, actor and co-writer of the film The Big Sick, said Sanders did not deserve any pity. The White House has caused controversy with attacks on immigrants and been accused of fuelling racism. You may also like: Sanders has been accused of dodging questions and even lying for the president in connection with the investigation into alleged Russian interference in his 2016 campaign. Columnist Mehdi Hasan also pointed to allegations against the president - including multiple claims of sexual harassment, which he denies. The row also ignited a debate about freedom of speech. New York Times correspondent Peter Baker suggested comedy was not suitable for a journalism event. But comedian Kathy Griffin said journalism was \"all about the 1st amendment\" and that Wolf's commentary was vital. 'A disgrace' Sanders is certainly not the first Trump press secretary to be mocked in front of the world's media. Her beleaguered predecessor Sean Spicer was roundly ridiculed on many occasions, including on the comedy show Saturday Night Live. His explanation of the word \"covfefe\" in a tweet by Mr Trump sparked incredulity. \"The president and a small group of people know exactly what he meant,\" Spicer said. But he said the jokes at Saturday's White House Correspondents' Dinner went too far - not that Wolf was apologising."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Tara McKelveyBBC News, White House reporter A US Marine, wearing white gloves and a dark mask, guarded an entrance to the West Wing earlier this week - the president was in his workspace. Yet Donald Trump was not involved in the kind of work that usually occupies presidents at this point in their term. Four years ago, he was in the Oval Office getting advice from Barack Obama, the man he was soon to succeed as president. He was instead stewing about the election and watching TV, as his tweets have shown. His days of relative seclusion after the election stand in stark contrast to what he was doing before the votes were cast. Back then, he travelled constantly. In one day, he went to four states. He spoke at rallies and was seen on TV practically round the clock. He often joked about the reclusiveness of his Democratic rival, Joe Biden, or \"Basement Joe\", as Trump called him. Since the day that the election was called for Biden, however, Trump has holed himself up in the White House. He has appeared on camera only on two occasions - at Arlington National Cemetery and at a White House press event about Covid. He did not take questions. Another appearance looms on Friday afternoon when he will make an announcement about drug prices. And he is expected to take part virtually in an Asia-Pacific political summit on Friday. He also could not resist a drive-by wave to his followers who were gathered in Washington on Saturday to protest about the election loss. And he takes weekend trips to Virginia to play golf - a place where he feels comfortable and loved. Still, within this cloistered existence, he has been busy. He closely follows the One America News Network, a conservative cable channel that is known for its conspiracy theories. He has also been firing people. Defense Secretary Mark Esper, who baulked at the president's suggestion to deploy troops to quell protests in US cities, and Christopher Krebs, a cyber security official who contradicted the president's claims about election fraud, have both been sacked. The president has also overseen policy shifts, such as a reduction of US forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. These actions, made behind closed doors at the White House, will have long-term effects on the nation and the world. They will certainly complicate matters for Biden when he takes office in January. Aside from these dramatic steps, the president has been monitoring the work of his campaign lawyers who are contesting the election results with little success. Partly for that reason, say some who know him, he has been keeping a low profile. \"He's trying to let the legal challenges play themselves out,\" says Kurt Volker, who once served as the president's special envoy to Ukraine, and later testified at the president's impeachment by the Democratic-run House of Representatives. As the legal challenges to the 2020 election play out, Trump has accused his enemies, the \"Radical Left Democrats\", of election meddling, among other offences. This reflects the president's style. The president, as Volker points out, takes things personally. He recalls speaking with Trump in the West Wing about US policies in Ukraine and other matters. During their discussion, says Volker, the president spoke as though people were out to get him: \"He said they tried to take him down - whoever 'they' are. He feels like he's fighting for things he believes in - and that people are conspiring against him.\" In recent weeks, the president's critics have been dismayed at the way that he has refused to help with the transition. \"It's a really tragic situation to see something like this - him putting himself ahead of the American people,\" says Lawrence Korb, who served as an assistant secretary of defence in the Reagan administration. \"Even if he disputes the election, he could be briefing the Biden people and getting them ready.\" The president's supporters sympathise with him, however. Millions of people across the US share his views. Nearly three-quarters of Republicans, according to one poll, say they have doubts about Biden's win. Meanwhile many of those who work at the White House seem resigned to their fate and are preparing for the new administration. Desks in the West Wing are tidy. Some have been almost cleared off. One staffer carried a bulletin board with mementos out of the White House, and another had a box of chocolates. \"Going away party,\" someone told me and hurried past. One former White House official, a foreign policy expert who still works for the government, says he and his colleagues are just waiting for the end. \"There isn't a whole lot to do except watch it play out,\" he says."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Shirong ChenBBC China Editor People in small towns and rural areas are becoming especially dissatisfied with their lives, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences says. Some key indicators show that in China overall satisfaction with jobs, social security, and leisure provisions has reached the lowest point since 2006. People are worried about inflation and their personal future, researchers say. In their annual Book of China's Society, the researchers paint a picture that is a far cry from the harmonious society the country's leadership trumpets. Despite China's phenomenal growth, there has been a drop in people's confidence in the economy and in the government's ability to manage economic, social and international affairs. The researchers put this down to the impact of the international financial crisis, rather than any widespread abuse of power or increasing restriction on moving up the social ladder. They say that China is fast moving from an agricultural society to an industrial one, with more farmers leaving the land for the cities. On the sensitive issue of income distribution, the researchers say the rate of wealth growth for the rural population will outstrip that of the cities this year, but the gap between rich and poor is still widening."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Katie HuntBusiness reporter, BBC News, Hong Kong The economy in this former British territory is booming, reaping the rewards of China's rise. Employment is at an all-time high and the government is so flush with cash, it is literally giving it away - each permanent resident is due to receive 6,000 Hong Kong dollars ($770; £480) later this year. But try telling Tam Kin Wai, a retired hospital porter, that times are good. He lives in a \"cubicle home\" that is barely 2m (6ft) wide with his wife and 13-year old son in Sham Shui Po. They must share a toilet and kitchen with eight other families. \"Living costs are always going up,\" he says. Bypassed by the boom Mr Tam is one of about 100,000 people who live in inadequate housing - sometimes these homes are barely bigger than a coffin - according to the Society for Community Organisation (Soco), a non-governmental organisation that works on behalf of Hong Kong's poorest. \"Hong Kong is a rich city,\" says Soco social worker Chan Siu Ming. \"But so many people live in such a poor situation. I know many people who can't stand upright in their own home.\" And it's not just those at the bottom of the economic heap who feel that the city's boom is passing them by. The territory's middle classes, known locally as the sandwich class because they are squeezed between the rich and the poor, are frustrated by unaffordable property prices and a lack of democracy in government. Hong Kong enjoys many civil liberties unavailable across the border in China, such as the right to protest. But residents cannot vote directly for their leader or for many legislative seats. According to a University of Hong Kong opinion survey released last week, dissatisfaction with the government over livelihood conditions has reached the highest level since 1992. These sentiments were made clear on 1 July, the 14th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to China and an annual occasion for demonstrations. Turnout, although disputed, was generally agreed to be the highest since July 2004 when half a million people marched to have an unpopular anti-subversion law overturned and the economy was at a low ebb following the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (Sars). \"What you have is a whole wodge of people who have jobs but are still struggling, \" says Christine Loh, the head of the Civil Exchange think tank and a former legislator. \"I think people are increasingly questioning why our society is the way it is.\" The sources of discontent are wide-ranging but centre on economic issues such as soaring housing prices, inflation and the wealth gap. Inflation figures due to be released on Thursday are expected to show the city's inflation rate stood at 5.2% in June, its highest in almost three years, driven by rising rents and soaring food prices. Hong Kong imports 90% of its food and much comes from China where pork prices are at a record high. Home prices rose by 24% last year and are up 12% so far this year as newly affluent mainland Chinese snap up apartments here. According to a report by Demographia International, Hong Kong property, at 11.4 times gross median annual household income, is the most unaffordable in the world. Nearly half the population lives in government or subsidised housing and buying their own home is out of reach for many residents. Tycoon targeted And discontent over unaffordable housing is fuelled by the belief that government policy favours powerful property developers over ordinary people. Even billionaire tycoon Li Ka-shing, once feted by residents for his rags-to-riches life story, has become a target of protests. Earlier this year a group of young people camped outside his offices and protesters at the 1 July march carried placards that depicted Mr Li as a devil. They resent the hold Mr Li's business empire has over the Hong Kong economy where it's often said that anyone living here cannot go though a day without spending money at one of his businesses. His conglomerates have a dominant hand in key sectors including property development, retail, electricity generation and container ports. \"We remember the days when we called Li Ka-shing superman,\" says Ms Loh. \"There has been a fall from grace.\" Measures The government has acknowledged that the rising income gap is a problem and is taking some steps to address it, although progress is slow. In May, it introduced a minimum wage after more than a decade of debate. And a decision on whether to build more public housing for sale to lower income residents is expected in the autumn. The cash handout also came in response to public pressure to provide more relief for the less well-off but has been widely criticised. Pro-business groups are aghast at the idea of unconditional handouts, while Ms Loh at Civic Exchange says it's a short-term salve that does not address underlying problems such as health care and the pension system. Others just think the money could be better spent on other issues facing Hong Kong, such as worsening air pollution or public housing. For Mr Tam, perched on the bunk in his tiny cubicle, things are about to look up. After a four-year wait, the family has been allocated a public housing flat eight times bigger than the their current living space. But he is one of the lucky ones. There are 150,000 families on the waiting list."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Lucy Hooker & Lora JonesBusiness reporters Rishi Sunak probably feels the same. But on Wednesday in his Spending Review he'll have to talk us through just how bad things are. Then he'll spell out how he plans to tackle the next year. It's about more than just tweaking numbers. It'll give us some idea of who might get a pay cut, what areas the government wants to invest in, such as schools, hospitals and roads. It may also tell us where jobs will be created, and if - or maybe how soon - we could be facing higher taxes. Here's what to look out for: When will things get better? Melissa Aitchison, a student at Nottingham University, wants to know when the economy will get stronger. She's financing her Master's year by waitressing in a restaurant, but even when it re-opens after lockdown she'll be on shorter hours and taking home less money. \"People aren't giving tips as much,\" she says, and she's worried it'll take a while for confidence to return. \"Even when we do have a vaccine and get busier I think it would take a long time because people are still wary of the [economic] consequences of corona and will be saving money,\" she says. So the more Mr Sunak can do to boost general economic growth the better as far as she's concerned, even more so once she starts seriously job hunting. A lot of her friends who graduated last year are struggling to find jobs to fit their qualifications. We're going to hear how much the economy has shrunk this year and it could be more than 10%. In normal years it grows at least a bit. Will I get more financial help? Anyone looking for work and relying on state benefits should listen out for what Rishi Sunak says about the extra £20 a week that was added to Universal Credit at the start of the pandemic. It is currently set to go next April. Financial blogger Kara Gammell says if the chancellor wants to offer some good news \"this is the time he might announce an extension to that\". But the chancellor's also under pressure to rein back the astronomical levels of spending triggered by the pandemic, so that may not happen. Will I get a pay rise? There are other ways he may look to cut back too. Sophie Wilkes, a 25-year-old primary school teacher, wants to know if Mr Sunak will go ahead with a plan to freeze pay for public sector workers like her. Teachers and other public sector workers had their pay frozen for nearly a decade after the financial crisis. Once inflation is taken into account, holding pay flat amounts to a pay cut in terms of what it will buy you. Given how much extra work school staff at her inner-city primary in Cardiff have put in his year, Sophie thinks the idea is \"a bit shocking\". Police, fire and prison officers, local government workers, and members of the armed forces could be in the same boat. But NHS staff are expected to still get a pay rise. What about Brexit? While the coronavirus pandemic has upended the chancellor's plans for spending, 24-year-old beef farmer and cattle breeder Matt Rollason hopes Mr Sunak will have more to say on post-Brexit plans. \"The government needs to make sure that there is seamless trade of food and agricultural goods, not just to the European Union (EU), but elsewhere too. To do that, they need to commit money to things like customs checks, border checks and admin.\" Without this extra funding, there could be a \"major risk\" for the \"intricate and complicated\" system of supplying food in the UK, Matt says. In the long-term, the Lancashire farmer hopes that the chancellor will also back up the switch from EU farming grants to a new English scheme with a \"serious amount of money\". \"If the government is serious about agriculture moving to net zero emissions and the climate challenge we're all facing, that has to be in [the Spending Review],\" he says. Will I have to pay more tax? Rishi Sunak could also hint at future tax rises to help pay for the pandemic spending - though specific changes are more likely to come in the Budget next spring. Economists say cutting spending or raising taxes too soon risks pulling the rug from under the economy before it has had time to get back on its feet and getting the economy growing is a much better way to increase tax take. If we are paying more tax or our pay is low we're less likely to go out and spend, points out Iona Bain who writes the Young Money blog. \"And that's what's going to be needed to kickstart the economy.\" Will I have more chance of getting a job? Iona's expecting the chancellor to talk us through some infrastructure projects, especially where they could help \"level up\" the parts of the UK that have the deepest economic problems. But she'd also like to see some more ambitious plans for improving the UK's digital networks and for housebuilding that could in the long run bring down house prices. That could give a boost to jobs in engineering, technology, transport, sustainable energy and construction. \"If they make good on infrastructure spending promises that could create opportunities for younger people. If for instance you are in a sector that has been really damaged by lockdown, there's a chance you can pivot, retrain.\" What about small businesses? Entrepreneur and engineer, Roni Savage is hoping for a bit more clarity beyond the one-year scope of the Spending review. What her firm, environmental engineering consultancy, Jomas Associates, needs is a sign from the chancellor that small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) will benefit as well as the industry giants. \"He could acknowledge at this stage the importance of involving SMEs,\" she says. \"That would be a really big win for us.\" Any pledges to green the economy should benefit her firm too. \"Boris talked about building back better. We're looking for that not to just be words but action\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Light-flyweight Paddy Barnes will take on Zou Shiming from China in the semi-final at 13.30 BST. Twenty-year-old Michael Conlan will bid for a place in the flyweight final at 20:45 BST. Twenty-three-year-old boxer, John Joe Nevin, from Mullingar, County Westmeath, will also fight on Friday afternoon. He will face Lazaro Alvarez Estrada in the semi-finals of the bantamweight division at 14:00 BST. The Cuban is the current bantamweight world champion. 'Most successful' Paddy Barnes is the first Irish boxer to win a medal at consecutive Olympic Games. He won bronze the last time round in Beijing. His father - Paddy Barnes Sr - said it was the \"biggest fight\" of the boxer's life. He told BBC Radio Ulster: \"Patrick's a different person from four years ago, he's a completely different person. He's a far improved boxer and I think and hope people are going to see the best of Paddy Barnes today.\" Barnes and his teammates are already part of the most successful Irish Olympic team since 1956, with five medals guaranteed. Boxer Katie Taylor won Ireland's first gold medal at London 2012 on Thursday. The 26-year-old, from Bray, County Wicklow, beat Russia's Sofya Ochigava in the women's lightweight boxing final. London 2012 is the first Olympic Games in which women have competed in the boxing ring."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Laura BleakleyBBC News The members will bring home five medals, including one gold, one silver and three bronze. It is the best result since the 1956 games held in Melbourne when Ireland had the exact same final medals. However, the 1996 Olympic games in Atlanta were a personal triumph for Michelle Smith de Bruin, who won three gold medals and a bronze. Katie Taylor won Ireland's first gold medal at London 2012 on Thursday. The 26-year-old, from Bray, County Wicklow, who was Ireland's flag-bearer at the opening ceremony, beat Russia's Sofya Ochigava in the women's lightweight boxing final. Her win was also significant as these were the first Olympic Games which allowed women to compete in the boxing ring. The support for the boxer was evident when London 2012 officials declared the roar of the crowd at Taylor's first bout as louder than a jumbo jet taking off, with a 113.7 decibel reading. After her Olympic victory, the former world champion boxer Barry McGuigan hugged Taylor as she came out of the ring and called her \"a legend\". McGuigan also said the thousands of Irish supporters inside the arena had been \"incredible\" and joked that there was no-one left back in Ireland. Irish fans The Republic of Ireland's international goalkeeper, Shay Given, described her as \"a true Irish hero\", while Bolton Wanderers footballer Fabrice Muamba tweeted: \"Laying down in my hospital bed, watching Katie Taylor, She is got the best supporter. The Irish fans are unreal.\" Twenty-three-year-old boxer, John Joe Nevin, from Mullingar, County Westmeath, won Ireland's only Olympic silver medal. He missed out on the gold after being defeated by Team GB's Luke Campbell in the bantamweight final. Belfast boxer Paddy Barnes had to settle for bronze after losing to his Chinese rival Zou Shiming in the light-flyweight semi-final on Friday. However, the 25-year-old is the first Irish boxer to win a medal at consecutive Olympic Games. He also won bronze in Beijing, where he was defeated by the same fighter at the semi-final stage. Barnes and Nevin were not the only Irish boxers who achieved a place on the Olympic podium. Twenty-year-old Michael Conlan fought for his place in the flyweight final on Friday evening. The Belfast man lost out to Cuban fighter Robeisy Ramirez, but was also successful in achieving a bronze medal. No homecoming Northern Ireland sports minister Caral Ni Chuilin said there was \"plenty to celebrate\". \"Our boxers have once again shone on the global stage - proving to be ambassadors for their sport, their communities and themselves,\" she said. Although the majority of medals have been won by boxers, show jumper Cian O'Connor collected Ireland's first medal of the games - a bronze - on Wednesday. Ireland's Rob Heffernan also finished fourth in the Men's 50km Walk event. Many members of Team Ireland are due to return to Dublin airport at lunchtime on Monday, however, there will be no official event to mark their homecoming. Despite efforts made to recognise their success, the Olympic Council of Ireland has informed Dublin City Council that most of the athletes were anxious to get home as soon as they could."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Javid, who became an MP in 2010, said he was \"immensely privileged\" to be given the role. A self-made millionaire and devotee of Margaret Thatcher, he is regarded as one of the Conservatives' fastest-rising stars. The former City banker was appointed a Treasury minister last year. In his new post, Mr Javid will be responsible for policy on broadcasting, sport, media, tourism, telecoms, equalities and the arts. Mr Javid, the MP for Bromsgrove, is the first of the 2010 parliamentary intake of MPs to achieve to be promoted to the cabinet. He told BBC Hereford and Worcester that he was \"thrilled and surprised\" to be promoted, although it was \"not in the best of circumstances to get a new job like this\" given his predecessor's resignation. \"I didn't expect to have this kind of opportunity to serve the country at this level so soon, but I take it as a huge privilege,\" he said. His appointment has been praised by Conservative MPs - George Freeman describing him as \"a new model Conservative for our times who's done great work at Treasury\". But Labour said it had reduced the number of women in the cabinet to three. 'Give something back' Mr Javid's father, Abdul, a bus driver, came to the UK from Pakistan in 1961, reportedly with just £1 in his pocket. He settled in Rochdale, where Mr Javid, born in 1969, and his four brothers were born. He attended state schools and won a place at Exeter University, studying economics and politics. Mr Javid, who has four children of his own, tells of how his father was a Labour supporter until the \"winter of discontent\" of 1978-9, later becoming a supporter of Mrs Thatcher. Similarly inspired by what he saw as a turnaround in the country's fortunes under the Conservatives, Mr Javid joined the party in 1988. After entering the City, he became, at 24, the youngest vice-president of the Chase Manhattan Bank, He says he was later \"headhunted\" by Deutsche Bank in London to help build its business in developing countries and that he left in 2009 to \"give something back through politics\". His chance came when Bromsgrove MP Julie Kirkbride - rather like Mrs Miller - stood down amid controversy over her own expenses and he was selected as Tory candidate. He won with an 11,308 majority. Within six months he was a parliamentary assistant to skills minister John Hayes, moving in October 2012 to doing the same job for Chancellor George Osborne. 'Out of sight' Mr Osborne was impressed with what he saw and Mr Javid became economic secretary to the Treasury in September 2012. In October last year he was promoted to financial secretary to the Treasury. As part of the mini-reshuffle caused by Maria Miller' resignation, Mr Javid's job has been taken by Conservative MP Nicky Morgan - who is already a junior Treasury minister. Mrs Morgan has also taken on the role of minister for women previously held by Mrs Miller. She will not be a full cabinet member but will attend meetings when necessary. Labour's Gloria de Piero said that meant there would no longer be \"a full member of the cabinet speaking for women\". \"There are now just three women running government departments out of a possible 22, demonstrating that when it comes to women, it's out of sight, out of mind for this out-of-touch government,\" she said. Tory chairman Grant Shapps said there were plenty of talented female Tory ministers but defended Mr Javid's promotion ahead of them. \"He [David Cameron] looked for the best person available for that role and he has found him,\" he told the BBC."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The letter is signed by leaders of the CBI and manufacturers' body the EEF. It says the way in which the UK leaves the EU and on what terms is critical for jobs and investment in the UK. It says defaulting to trading by World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules would leave 90% of UK goods trade with the EU subject to new tariffs. The letter says that would mean 20% in extra costs for the UK's food and drink industry and 10% for car producers. These significant costs would affect British exporters and importers, as well as those in their supply chains, it adds. \"We respect the result of the referendum, but the government must make sure that the terms of the deal to leave ensure stability, prosperity and improved living standards,\" the groups write. \"Every credible study that has been conducted has shown that [the] WTO option would do serious and lasting damage to the UK economy and those of our trading partners.\" The letter calls for the government to \"give certainty to business by immediately ruling this option out under any circumstances\". 'Safeguard prosperity' One of the signatories, CBI director-general Carolyn Fairbairn, said the letter called for \"ruling out of the really worst options, to reassure investors that the UK was still a really good place to invest\". \"There is a negotiation that's going to take place, and I think businesses completely understand that,\" she said. \"But falling into WTO rules in only 29 months from now, would mean up to 90% of goods could potentially have tariffs on them, there would not be the passports for our services industries.\" Analysis: Theo Leggett, business correspondent It increasingly looks as though Britain is heading for a so-called \"hard Brexit\" - and business leaders are becoming very worried. At the Conservative Party conference, Theresa May made it clear the country would not remain in the EU's single market if doing so meant losing control of immigration. Yet European leaders insist that free movement of goods and services comes hand in hand with the free movement of people. The uncertainty - and the prospect of trade with the EU becoming subject to tariffs and other trade barriers - has been driving down the value of the pound, which has been trading against the dollar at a level not seen in more than three decades. So this letter offers a stark warning. The UK, it says, needs access to the single market. Leaving the EU and reverting to international trade rules would do serious and lasting damage to the UK economy. Costs for businesses would go up. Jobs could be lost. But this message isn't new - and the evidence suggests the prime minister has other priorities. So will she be listening? The letter she signed also says there is a wealth of evidence to suggest EU negotiations will not be completed within the Article 50 two-year timeframe. \"Many areas of regulation now up for discussion are highly complicated... The government should therefore secure agreement of a transitional period, to ensure that businesses can continue to operate with no 'cliff edge' change to current circumstances until regulatory and legal changes can be implemented,\" it says. It concludes that the UK voted to leave the EU but not to cause living standards to decline: \"We want a Brexit that safeguards future prosperity for everyone across the UK.\" Mike Cherry, Federation of Small Businesses chairman, said the effect of uncertainty on the market was reflected in its quarterly index, showing confidence at its lowest level since 2012, and causing problems for small businesses. But he added: \"On the other side of that, there are many small businesses looking to overseas markets to export their goods, products and services. For them, this does present a tremendous opportunity to grasp more of the market overseas.\" 'Sovereign country' At the Conservative Party conference last Sunday, Prime Minister Theresa May said she would trigger Article 50, the clause needed to start the process of exiting the EU, by the end of March 2017. She said a \"trade-off\" between controlling immigration and trade with Europe was the \"wrong way of looking at things\". Britain, Mrs May said, had voted to become a \"fully-independent, sovereign country\" and would \"decide for ourselves\" how immigration was controlled alongside \"the best deal possible\" with the EU."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Industry bosses said failure to do so could harm the UK's supply of food and drink and lead to higher prices. The National Farmers Union (NFU), the Food and Drink Federation (FDF) and the British Retail Consortium (BRC) made the call in a joint letter. Separately, the EEF engineering group said a deal needed to be struck. Terry Scuoler, the chief executive of the EEF, said: \"The EU is our sector's single biggest trading partner in a complex, tightly interwoven trading environment.\" He told the BBC that falling back on World Trade Organization (WTO) rules would hit some sectors hard. \"I struggle at the idea of dismantling what is the best free trade agreement in the world. WTO rules may well be an end-of-the-day back-up, but WTO rules... vary enormously across industrial sectors - 10% on automotive and automotive parts and more for agricultural products.\" The prime minister is due to start the process of leaving the EU on Wednesday. Mrs May will trigger Article 50, after which the UK has two years to finalise the terms on which it will withdraw from the EU. 'Keep prices low' The NFU, BRC and FDF urged ministers to ensure higher tariffs were not imposed on imported and exported produce. Although much of the industry is based in the UK, it \"cannot operate in isolation\", they said. Helen Dickinson, director general at the BRC, said the bloc was by far the UK's biggest trading partner for food. \"To keep prices low for consumers, it is particularly important that we don't have any new tariffs and we maintain frictionless movement of goods and put consumers at the heart of this,\" she told the Mail on Sunday. The groups' members include British farms, food giants such as Nestle and supermarket chains such as Tesco. The prime minister has said leaving the EU with no deal would be better than signing the UK up to a bad one. However, the food groups suggested the industry and consumers would suffer from the consequences of no trade deal if tariffs and customs checks were imposed after Brexit. They have called on the government to: Ahead of the Brexit talks, many different industries are lobbying ministers about the importance of their sectors and how they will be affected when Britain leaves the EU. The food groups estimate that their members employ 3.9 million people in total and are worth £108bn to the UK economy each year. They say farmers need to import animal feed, and to export products if UK demand is insufficient. Food and drink manufacturers rely on exports to grow their businesses and on imports for some ingredients, while retailers need access to a full range of goods all year round, they add."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Will SmaleBusiness reporter, BBC News Credit rating agencies, in essence, rate a country on the strength of its economy. More specifically, they score governments (or large companies) on how likely they are to pay back their debt. A rating affects how much it costs governments to borrow money in the international financial markets. In theory, a high credit rating means a lower interest rate (and vice versa). This is because of concerns at the impact that leaving the European Union may have on the UK economy. Moody's warned that the referendum result may have \"negative implications for the country's medium-term growth outlook\". Who are the credit rating agencies? In addition to Moody's, the other two main credit rating agencies are Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings. All three are private companies, not government agencies. Moody's and Standard & Poor's both have their headquarters in New York, while Fitch has two official HQs, one in New York and the other in London. Each agency gives countries around the world a specific credit rating score. These range from a top mark of \"AAA\", which stands for \"prime\", down to the lowest reading of \"D\", which stands for \"in default\". In between there are scores such as \"BBB\" or \"CC\". Moody's has at total of 21 ratings. The agencies also give outlook-assessments. These are either \"positive\", \"stable\", or \"negative\". They indicate whether the agency in question thinks it may soon raise its rating (positive), downgrade it (negative), or leave it the same (stable) for the country in question. In the case of Moody's and the UK, the agency currently scores the UK at \"Aa1\", the second highest rating on its scale, which stands for \"high grade\". Yet, while Moody's previously saw no change to that Aa1 rating, it has now warned that it may lower it. A country's credit rating can affect how much it costs a governments to borrow money on the global markets. More specifically, the worse a nation's credit rating, the more likely it is that the country in question has to offer a higher rate of return on its bonds in other to persuade people and financial institutions to buy them. This is because the lower a country's credit rating, the more the agencies are concerned about its economy, and in turn the taxes that the government in question can raise. Ratings can be a warning system for potential investors, and make it more expensive for poorly-rated nations to borrow money. Although Moody's is the first of the big three ratings agencies to make an official change to its position on the UK post-referendum, the Financial Times reported on Friday that Standard & Poor's considers its current top rating for the UK as \"no longer tenable\". Currently S&P rates the UK as AAA (negative), while Fitch Ratings' score is AA+ (stable). For Fitch, AA+ is its second-highest score. They have committees of experts who determine the actually rating for each country or large company. S&P says its committees typically consist of between five and eight people. They base their assessment on a range of financial and business factors that may influence a government or company's ability to repay its debt, such as the UK voting to leave the European Union, or a business announcing a huge loss. Standard & Poor's is the oldest. It traces its history back to 1860 when financial analyst Henry Poor wrote a history of the finances of railroads and canals in the US as a guide for investors. He then formed a business called HV and HW Poor. Meanwhile, the Standard Statistics Bureau was set up in 1906 to examine the finances of non-railroad companies. The two businesses joined forces in 1940 when S&P was formed. Moody's was started in 1909 by John Moody, who published an analysis of the tangled and uncertain world of railway finances, grading the value of its stocks and bonds. Fitch, with another eponymous founder, John Fitch, was set up in 1913. There are hosts of other ratings agencies, but S&P, Moody's and Fitch have about 95% of the global market. S&P and Moody's have about 40% each, while Fitch has around 15%. They are so dominant because they were the first to be officially endorsed by the US financial watchdog, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In 1975, the SEC acknowledged the three as \"Nationally Recognised Statistical Organisations\". So a rating from any of the three is considered to be the gold standard. They charge companies for their ratings - it's as simple as that. This has led to critics suggesting that the agencies are tempted to give firms over-generous scores in order to win repeat business, something they all strenuously deny. They were indeed, for giving top AAA ratings to debt packages that turned out to include billions of dollars of bad US mortgages. When the US homeowners in question started to default on their repayments it sparked the financial crisis. The credit rating agencies were heavily criticised by politicians, and had to settle a number of lawsuits."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Joe MillerBBC News, Frankfurt The gridiron streets that surround the now-iconic towers of Deutsche Bank, UBS and Commerzbank are eclipsed by layers of scaffolding. Meanwhile, giant orange cranes loom above the few green spaces that remain in the increasingly urbanised financial district. Despite its small size - it is home to under a million residents - and its unfair but unshakable reputation for being somewhat dull, Frankfurt is winning the battle for the spoils of Brexit Britain's economic heart; the City of London. Egged on by Germany's finance minister, Wolfgang Schaeuble, and enthusiastic emissaries from the state of Hesse, many of Europe's largest financial institutions have already announced their intention to relocate jobs here. Many banks' patience with the protracted Brexit negotiations, through which regulatory frameworks for foreign exchange trading and conditions for access to the Single Market must be thrashed out, seems to have run out. Morgan Stanley, Citigroup and Standard Chartered are among those who have chosen Frankfurt as their new European base, while others such as Goldman Sachs and UBS have promised to move thousands of jobs to the German hub. Predictions for the number of bankers set to descend on Frankfurt vary wildly, from tens of thousands, up to 100,000. Last week, a study by the WHU-Otto Beisheim management school suggested that the city could gain 10,000 new banking jobs and an extra 88,000 jobs in other sectors in Frankfurt and the surrounding Rhine-Main region. There have also been reports speculating that the city is fast running out of office space. Quite the contrary, says Oliver Schwebel, the man in charge of Frankfurt Economic Development, a city-backed body tasked with enticing companies to the area. \"We have a plan for 20 new skyscrapers,\" he says, surveying the ever-changing skyline of the city locals dub \"Mainhattan\". There is approximately a million square metres of office space in Frankfurt available for immediate occupancy, he says, and an extra 250,000 sq m will be available in the next few years. That's almost triple the current level of demand. Careful not to seem triumphant, Mr Schwebel adds that while there has undoubtedly been a boost in real-estate investment in anticipation of an exodus from the City of London, \"these are all plans from the last 10 or 15 years, nothing to do with Brexit\". Elvin Durakovic, a partner at estate agents Knight Frank, also downplays the supposed Frankfurt surge. \"Last year, when Brexit was announced, I got calls: 'Elvin, are you partying? Elvin, are you happy everyone is coming to Frankfurt?'\", he recalls. \"But unfortunately, it is not really the fact.\" Although \"10 or 11\" companies with offices in the city have called to say they are double-sizing, \"the truth is people are coming, looking around, but not making decisions.\" Part of this, says Mr Durakovic, is down to a reluctance to abandon the cosmopolitan British capital - where many bankers have built comfortable lives. \"No one is aware of what will happen in one or two years, what will be the result of Brexit, what payments they will be forced to make if they stay in London,\" he explains. \"They feel very comfortable in London, but they have to be prepared.\" City and state officials balk at talk of a \"race\" for Brexit exiles; the somewhat undignified scramble for the business of the City of London is not in step with the self-assured image Frankfurt prefers to project. But representatives have nonetheless been employing the \"hard sell\". A recent video campaign produced by the German government as part of its bid for Frankfurt to host the European Banking Authority - filled with shots of millennials skating and surfboarding to a pulsating soundtrack - looks more like a chart-topping music video than a policy proposal. And as Mr Schwebel is keen to point out, Frankfurt has a lot going for it: its manageable size, its largely English-speaking population, its convenient air and rail connections, and its family-friendly suburbia. For bankers, its favourable time zone also allows for a \"never-ending day\": Asian markets can be serviced in the morning, the US in the evenings. Then there is the price. \"Here we are talking about 38.50 euros (£35) a square metre a month,\" says Knight Frank's Elvin Durakovic, referring to the cost of office space. \"In London it is approximately double\". Yet Frankfurt's pole position in the post-Brexit contest is largely down to pure convenience - most banks are already in the city, all they need to do is expand. They won't be doing so without some local consternation. Rolf Janssen, a veteran of the local Mieterschutzverein, a tenant's rights agency representing some 20,000 renters in the Frankfurt area, is concerned that the city - already one of the costliest in Germany - will become even more expensive for those not on the high salaries that are common in the financial services industry. Half of Frankfurt's inhabitants earn an average of 2,000 euros a month, while rent for a modest flat can be around 1,200 or 1,300, he explains. \"Thousands of people will come who have a lot of money,\" he says of the anticipated post-Brexit influx. \"This is a very difficult situation. It used to be difficult for students or temp workers [to afford rent], but now it's a problem for regular employees, and the middle class.\" Crucially, higher rents affect the Mietspiegel, or rental index, which is compiled by calculating average property prices for the previous four years, and used to regulate the rental market. Nonetheless, Mr Janssen is keen to point out that he's not suggesting UK workers be prevented from coming to the German financial capital. \"It is very important that so many British bankers are coming to Frankfurt,\" he says. \"We don't live in the middle ages, so we can't say this is a castle and we keep the drawbridge up.\" Instead, the Mieterschutzverein wants to see more investment in affordable public housing - an issue that is already a talking point in the upcoming federal elections. For city administrators, meanwhile, the lack of clarity on numbers is proving to be a planning headache. \"If 10,000 people show up in one year do we have space? Absolutely not,\" says Paul Fochtman, the head of Frankfurt International School, which educates many of the children of those who work in the city's skyscrapers. The institution is bracing for a surge in pupils, but determining the capacity required is an impossible task. \"We ask 'how many are you bringing' and [the banks] say 'we can't tell you that yet',\" says Mr Fochtman, betraying some frustration. \"They are certainly coming - no question,\" he adds. \"But how many and how quickly, that remains elusive\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Joe MillerBBC News And yet that is what many boardrooms from Berlin to Baden Wurttemberg will be doing this morning, however discreetly, after Jeremy Corbyn outperformed expectations and ate into the Conservative Party's majority. The reason for this embrace, simply, is the single market. Initially, there had been little-to-no interest in the UK election in German business circles. Most, like the polls, assumed a comprehensive win for Theresa May, and the size of her majority was seen as being of negligible consequence to the direction of Brexit negotiations. As one chief executive of a German-based multinational put it: \"A weak or strong UK government still really has no negotiation power in the Brexit. The EU will still set the agenda and terms.\" Indeed, many firms, especially those in the Mittelstand - Germany's small and medium-sized businesses that often have close links to the UK - had been working on the assumption of a so-called \"hard Brexit\" for months. Quite a few mentioned that they were courting other growing EU export markets - Poland, for example. But as the polls began to narrow, there was a last minute scurry to understand what a Jeremy Corbyn-led approach to Brexit would be - with some privately concluding that the chances of keeping Britain in the single market might be higher under Mr Corbyn, even as they disagreed with many parts of his economic platform. What seemed like a last ditch effort by the head of the BDA, the German Employers Association, to find a solution that would enable the UK government to negotiate some form of single market access after Brexit, suddenly didn't seem as far-fetched. This morning, Ingo Kramer, the BDA's president, wasted no time in declaring that the UK election results showed \"nationalism and anti-EU rhetoric\" could not lead to majorities, before adding, somewhat triumphantly: \"We can only hope that more realism and pragmatism will now be injected into the Brexit negotiations.\" Jorg Kramer, Commerzbank's chief economist, reacted with similar cheer, saying Thursday's result was a \"vote against a hard Brexit\". The head of the BDI, Dieter Kempf, said a \"hard Brexit\" had been voted out, and that it was time for the UK government to \" de-escalate its rhetoric\". The Dax share index in Frankfurt rose by almost 1%. Yet the reaction has not been unanimously favourable. Some, including the quietly influential VDMA - which represents German engineering firms, said they feared a hung parliament or minority government would derail negotiations for months, or kick them into the long grass, leading to far greater uncertainty. \"The unclear political situation after the elections in the UK will make the Brexit negotiations even more difficult,\" said Thilo Brodtmann, VDMA's chief executive. Mr Brodtmann added that the result was \"bad news\" for German mechanical engineering firms, who export 7.3bn euros worth to the UK every year, and that there was now an increased risk of no agreement being reached by the 2019 deadline. Martin Wansleben, who leads the Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce, or DIHK, struck a similarly downbeat tone. The lack of a clear majority had led to an increase of uncertainty in the German economy, he said, and the \"road map for Brexit negotiations is now obsolete\". A handful of small business owners, whose trade links with the UK are less vital, suggested a swift and smooth Brexit resolution remained paramount, as the act itself had long been priced in, whether hard or soft. But regardless of the reaction, one thing seems certain. German interest in the intricacies of the UK parliamentary system has never been this high."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Brian MilliganPersonal Finance reporter It said the forthcoming referendum on European Union membership and elections in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland would cool the housing market. Rics said the Stamp Duty increases for landlords that came in on 1 April were another factor. The Halifax has also said that the EU vote is likely to slow the market. \"Elections inevitably bring with them periods of uncertainty in the market, and our figures would suggest that next May's devolved elections are no exception,\" said Simon Rubinsohn, Rics chief economist. \"Likewise, the EU referendum, is likely to be an influencer in terms of the damper outlook for London in particular.\" 'Imbalance' The survey showed that most surveyors in London expect prices to fall over the next three months. The number of surveyors expecting a price fall outweighed those expecting a rise by 38%. However in other parts of the country, surveyors were much more optimistic. In north west England and in Northern Ireland most survey respondents expect prices to rise significantly over the spring and early summer. And in the longer term, Rics expects house prices to rise by more than 4% a year in England and Wales - whatever the results of the EU referendum and the elections. \"The imbalance between demand and supply will still exert a strong influence on the market, with house prices expected to rise by close to 25 per cent over the next five years,\" said Mr Rubinsohn. Recent estimates of house price inflation vary from 10.1% in the year to March by the Halifax - to 5.7% by the Nationwide."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The property, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, has been threatened by the effects of water penetration. Owners the National Trust for Scotland (NTS) and Historic Environment Scotland used infra-red technology to show how damp and water has damaged the building. A mesh structure is being constructed around the building to protect it from the weather while it is restored. A previous infra-red survey from 2003 has been combined with the new images and further surveys to allow conservationists to pinpoint the worst affected areas and understand why the property's condition is declining. The technique highlights differences in surface temperature, which shows where moisture from decades of wet weather has accumulated within the building. The Hill House was finished in 1904, but a century of Scottish weather has taken its toll. 'A home for the future' Rennie Mackintosh had envisioned it as \"a home for the future\" and used experimental building material - which has allowed water to soak into the building. Richard Williams, of the National Trust for Scotland, said: \"These surveys reinforce what we already knew about the house, which is that it is very damp and has considerable issues that need to be overcome. \"Due to the design of the Hill House, there are many ledges, wall heads and chimneys that have had a history of many attempts to remedy, yet this problem continues. \"We're also now have additional areas of concern. We have also been able to see the direction that the water is travelling in some of the rooms, in particular in the exhibition room, where there was already clear damage. \"The works to create the 'box' are now well under way and we are grateful to the many individuals who have generously donated to help us to tackle these problems. The intention is that the structure will provide a temporary respite for the Hill House pending a long-term solution to the water ingress being found.\" The house and gardens are currently closed to the public but are expected to reopen in late spring."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"North East Derbyshire District Council carried out a survey of the post-war steel-framed Trusteel housing last year and found widespread corrosion. Along with housing managers Rykneld Homes, officials said an 18 month programme of repairs was being planned. The council said some government cash had been secured but much of the cost would come from existing funds. Insulation work Trusteel houses, which have a metal frame clad in one layer of bricks, were built for several decades after World War II. Some have faced issues with corrosion of the frame, especially at ground level. A council spokesman said: \"Recent technical surveys undertaken by the council and Rykneld Homes have shown the Trusteels are in need of remedial works in the near future. \"The work will involve over-cladding the properties to make them warmer, and carrying out maintenance work to the steel frame structures.\" Private owners The project involves 213 properties on the Adlington Estate in Wingerworth, Holmgate in Clay Cross and a small number in Grassmoor. Disruption to tenants would be kept to a minimum, it added. The council built 416 Trusteel homes and just under half of these have been sold under the Right to Buy scheme. Private owners will have to fund any necessary repairs themselves."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Improvements to the River Skell in North Yorkshire aim to protect properties - including the historic Fountains Abbey - from flooding, and improve the habitat for wildlife. A 12-mile stretch of river will have trees planted and meadows and ponds created to slow the flow of water. Work is expected to start in March and will last four years. The National Trust, which looks after the 12th Century ruined abbey and gardens, warned they are at risk of being irreparably damaged by flooding, which has worsened in northern England in the past 50 years as the climate warms. There have been several instances in recent years when the popular tourist attraction, which is a World Heritage Site, has been inundated by water. In 2007, a significant flood caused substantial damage to the abbey, the water garden and nearby Ripon. Harry Bowell, from the National Trust, said the work was \"an important moment\". \"Climate change is eroding away nature and heritage and only by working across our boundaries, with local people and partners, and with nature, will we be able to make a real difference,\" he said. Wildlife in the Skell Valley is also threatened by poor water quality driven by an increase in sediment washed into the river. It is hoped the plans will boost rare wildlife such as curlew, white-clawed crayfish and golden plover as well as reducing the risk of flooding. Farmers will be rewarded for delivering conservation measures as part of the scheme, there are plans to open up the wider Skell Valley with new walking trails, and local people will have the chance to learn drystone walling, wildlife and river monitoring and hedge laying. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Around the BBC BBC - Seven Wonders Related Internet Links National Trust"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) is looking into the chief constable on two counts. One allegation is that he provided misleading information after the Hillsborough tragedy when 96 fans died. Sir Norman quit saying the inquiry into his role after the 1989 disaster was \"a distraction\" to West Yorkshire Police. In a statement, the IPCC said: \"Retirement or resignation does not prevent criminal prosecution should the investigation identify criminal offences, including misconduct in a public office.\" Sir Norman is also facing a second allegation that he \"attempted to influence the decision-making process of the West Yorkshire Police Authority in connection with the referral that they had made\". 'Came as surprise' In its statement, the IPCC said it had written to the police authority on 23 October with a provisional view about whether the allegations which are the subject of the second investigation would amount to misconduct or gross misconduct [i.e. whether they would justify dismissal]. The commission said: \"We were aware that the police authority were meeting at lunchtime to discuss this. \"In accordance with the legislation, we had advised the police authority that suspension was a matter for them, but we should be consulted. \"We were not informed of Sir Norman's resignation in advance of the stories appearing in the press and the decision came as a surprise to us. \"We are seeking clarification from West Yorkshire Police Authority.\" The watchdog added: \"It should be noted we can and, in this case, will investigate both criminal offences and misconduct matters after an officer has retired or resigned as it is in the public interest to do so. \"Retirement or resignation precludes any internal misconduct sanction as once an individual leaves the police service there is no opportunity to take disciplinary action.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The three will be scrutinised over their account of a meeting with Andrew Mitchell in October 2012, over claims - denied by the then minister - he had called Downing Street officers \"plebs\". A West Mercia Police-led investigation ruled the men had \"no case to answer\". However, the IPCC has now decided to conduct a fully independent probe. It follows a High Court ruling in October which found there was no proper final report prepared for the investigation - conducted by West Mercia Police but supervised by the IPCC. The court also ruled that the decision of the three police forces - from Warwickshire, West Mercia and West Midlands - that their officers had no case to answer was invalid. Following the \"plebgate\" incident at Downing Street in September 2012, then-Chief Whip Mr Mitchell apologised for using bad language but said he had not used the word pleb when having a row with police officers guarding the street's main gate. He later resigned as chief whip as the row continued. A month later, Mr Mitchell held a meeting in his Sutton Coldfield constituency with Det Sgt Stuart Hinton, Insp Ken MacKaill and Sgt Chris Jones from the federation. After the meeting, the three officers - who represented police in Warwickshire, West Mercia and West Midlands respectively - briefed the media. But a transcript of a recording Mr Mitchell made of the meeting apparently contradicted the officers' account of what was said. Transcript differences The matter was then referred to the IPCC, which decided not to conduct its own investigation but directed the forces which the officers represented to launch their own inquiry. When all three police authorities concluded the officers had \"no case to answer\", Deborah Glass, then the IPCC's deputy chair, decided in October 2013 that the investigation into the officers' conduct should become \"an independent investigation\" conducted by the IPCC itself. All three officers applied for a judicial review at the High Court in London and at hearing in July, asked two judges to quash the decision on the grounds that the IPCC had no power to re-determine the case - changing it from a supervised investigation to an independent one. Lord Justice Davis and Mr Justice Wilkie found decisions made by the police forces were so legally flawed that they were \"invalid and of no effect\". But while the judges ruled that the IPCC did have the power or re-determine the case, they also ruled that Ms Glass's decision must be quashed following allegations of apparent - though not actual - bias and a fresh decision taken. That fresh decision has now been taken by the IPCC, which has reached the same conclusion as Ms Glass."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Bonnard was suspended when he was arrested as part of a corruption probe in 2011 and denied any wrongdoing. The former chief constable was also sacked. The force said Mr Bonnard was sacked for six counts of gross misconduct, including obstructing the inquiry and misusing a corporate credit card. Mr Bonnard said he planned to appeal after being treated \"appallingly\". His dismissal followed a disciplinary hearing which began earlier this month. 'Not innocent' The six counts against him included deliberately obstructing the criminal investigation, misusing public funds in relation to a charity bike ride, misusing a corporate credit card, inappropriately hiring a vehicle which he crashed, costing the tax payer more than £5,000, and accepting inappropriate hospitality. The independent panel decided to dismiss Mr Bonnard without notice. The allegations of gross misconduct followed an inquiry by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC). He had faced seven counts of gross misconduct, but the seventh charge, that he had acted contrary to Cleveland Police policy in relation to the purchase of a vehicle provided to him by the police authority, was found not proven. He was arrested along with the force's former chief constable Sean Price, in August 2011. Mr Price was sacked last year after he was found guilty of gross misconduct at a separate hearing. Current chief constable Jacqui Cheer said: \"In May 2012, Derek Bonnard publicly stated he was innocent of any wrongdoing and wanted his name cleared. \"He also described the investigation as highly expensive, recognising that it was funded by tax payers. \"Quite clearly, he is not innocent of any wrongdoing, and he has succeeded in delaying his misconduct hearing, which has incurred additional cost for the tax payer. \"Throughout the investigation and the disciplinary process he has sought to blame others for his own actions and behaviours. \"He has let himself down, he has let Cleveland Police down but most importantly, he has let the people of Cleveland down. The force deserves much better from one of its most senior officers.\" 'Sorry chapter' One count of potential gross misconduct for Mr Bonnard has been deferred pending the outcome of ongoing investigation Operation Sacristy. Cleveland Police said as Mr Bonnard was no longer a serving police officer, he was not subject to any further police disciplinary processes. IPCC Commissioner Nicholas Long said: \"Mr Bonnard's dismissal brings to an end a sorry chapter for the Cleveland Police. \"The two most senior police officers in the force have had their careers unceremoniously ended because of their individual failings. Events of the past two years can only have diminished public confidence in the force. \"I hope the conclusion of these disciplinary matters can act as a salutary reminder to all senior police officers that their role is to ensure the communities they serve are protected from crime and that they must be public servants beyond reproach. \"Above all, they must not to abuse the trust placed in them to benefit themselves and others financially.\" In a statement, Mr Bonnard said: \"When I was arrested some 19 months ago I knew, despite my innocence, that my life and professional career would be changed forever... throughout this investigation I believe I have been treated appallingly with scant regard paid to providing a fair hearing. \"I will undoubtedly be blamed by some for challenging the misconduct process against me. \"However, like any other individual I deserved a fair trial and I simply tried to ensure that happened... an appeal will now be submitted against the findings of the misconduct hearing in order to clear my name.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Reevel AldersonHome affairs correspondent, BBC Scotland Failure to opt in by the end of 2016, would leave UK police unable to access Europol's resources after May 2017. Scottish ministers said membership was vital in allowing Police Scotland to fight international crime. The Home Office said it would make a decision on Europol in due course. The issue does not arise from the Brexit vote - but the Scottish government fears it is being ignored as British negotiations to leave the EU gather pace. 'End uncertainty' Justice Secretary Michael Matheson visited Europol's headquarters in The Hague on Friday, meeting its director-general Rob Wainwright and an officer from Police Scotland who is seconded to the agency. He said failure of the UK to opt in to new Europol regulations would mean the UK was no longer a member of Europol before the UK government triggers Article 50. Mr Matheson said: \"The ability to share information quickly and co-ordinate operations with other law enforcement agencies through Europol is key to detecting, disrupting and detaining criminals across borders. \"That is necessary to keep Scotland and the rest of the UK safer from the threats of organised crime, cybercrime and terrorism.\" Mr Matheson has written to the Home Secretary pressing for the UK government to end the uncertainty for police and their law enforcement partners by making a decision to sign up to the revised Europol arrangements. Assistant Chief Constable Steve Johnson, who has responsibility for counter-terrorism and organised crime at Police Scotland, told BBC Radio's Good Morning Scotland programme that Europol was \"incredibly important\" to the work that the force did. 'Keep our people safe' He said: \"It's part of our day-to-day policing now, particularly the work that we do at the Scottish crime campus alongside our partners. \"It enables us to continue to work with our partners across Europe to target those people who would want to commit crimes either in Scotland or people from Scotland who want to commit crimes in Europe. \"Candidly it enables us to mitigate the threats and harm posed by these people on the streets of Scotland.\" The Scottish government said, notwithstanding the implications of Brexit and future discussions on these between the Scottish and UK governments, ministers at Holyrood were keen for Westminster to indicate to the European Commission that it intends to opt in to the new Europol Regulation. A Home Office spokesperson said: \"The UK remains a full member of Europol, and because of our justice and home affairs opt-in, we have the option to seek to opt-in to Europol's new legislative framework. \"This option remains open to us while we are a member of the EU. The government will take a decision on whether to opt-in to the new Europol Regulation in due course. \"The prime minister has stated that law enforcement co-operation will continue when the UK is outside the EU. \"We will do what is necessary to keep our people safe. We are exploring options for cooperation arrangements with Europol once the UK has left the EU but it is too early to speculate at this stage what future arrangements may look like.\" Arrest warrants Europol is responsible for operating the system of European Arrest Warrants, allowing offenders across the EU to be returned home to face justice. In July, the Crown Office revealed that more than 500 cases have been heard in Scottish courts as a result of the EAW, while 367 people had been extradited from Scotland to face courts in Europe. Among those brought to Scotland was Marek Harcar for the murder of Moira Jones. Her body was found in a Glasgow park, and Harcar, who was jailed for life for killing her, was traced to his home in Slovakia before being extradited to Scotland. In April 2016 co-operation between Police Scotland and Romania's counter-mafia force DIICOT dismantled an organised crime gang trafficking women to Scotland's vice trade. Europol said it had co-ordinated operations to raid four houses in Glasgow, with two men arrested and eight victims of trafficking handed over to the care of the authorities. Europol has also helped to co-ordinate action against organised crime's systematic misuse of private individuals' computers to spread viruses or spam. Thousands of victims were identified across the UK. A new Europol regulation adopted by Brussels before the June referendum gives the EU a larger role in supervising the agency's activities. Ms Rudd said: \"Europol has played an important role in keeping us safe and we will be having discussions about how to continue some form of involvement within the agencies of the EU that help to keep us safe.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Its northern leader, Michelle O'Neill, said the urgency was increased by the prospect of Brexit, which would be \"a disaster for the people of Ireland\". She was speaking shortly after Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said she was to seek a second referendum on independence. Mrs O'Neill said this was \"a matter for the Scottish people\". Referring to Irish unity, the Sinn Féin MLA said it was now \"over to the people to have their say in relation to the future\". She was speaking during a break from talks at Stormont aimed at restoring the power-sharing executive. MLAs have been attending a ceremony at Parliament Buildings to sign the roll of membership. They were due to elect a new speaker, but this has been postponed for two weeks. The Northern Ireland Secretary, James Brokenshire, has cancelled a planned trip to the United States this week to concentrate on the Stormont talks. Mr Brokenshire had been due to travel to Washington on Wednesday for two days. He was due to meet President Trump as part of St Patrick's Day celebrations. Talks at Stormont are a \"critical stage\" and his focus is with them, a senior government source told the Press Association. \"He is just focused on getting the right result and getting an agreement by 27 March,\" said the source. \"The deadline is looming. He will have no other option by law but to call another election if there is no agreement by then.\" On Thursday, Mr Brokenshire warned there could be \"significant consequences\" if the discussions to try to restore power sharing end in deadlock. If Northern Ireland's parties fail to reach a deal by 27 March, voters face the prospect of going back to the polls for a second snap election within months. The assembly election on 2 March was the second in 10 months and was called after the collapse of a coalition led by Arlene Foster's DUP and Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness. Mr McGuinness resigned over Mrs Foster's refusal to step aside as first minister pending an inquiry into the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scheme, which was set up under her watch as Minister of Enterprise, Trade and Investment and could cost the Northern Ireland tax payer £490m. The election saw an end to the unionist majority at Stormont, with Sinn Féin now holding just one seat fewer than the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). If no executive is formed, another election can be called, and ultimately power could return to the UK parliament at Westminster for the first time in a decade."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The fall contrasted with growth of 0.7% for the UK as a whole. Scottish government statisticians found output was flat in the service sector - and down in production and construction, by 0.9% and 0.8% respectively. Scottish GDP grew by 0.4% over the calendar year - compared with growth of 1.8% for the UK as a whole. Reacting to the figures, the Scottish government said the impact of the Brexit vote contributed to lower growth in Scotland last year. Finance Secretary Derek Mackay said: \"Before the EU referendum, the UK government told us Brexit will make us 'permanently poorer'. \"What is now quite clear is the economic reality of the Brexit vote. \"We have already seen significantly lower consumer confidence in Scotland since the vote last summer. \"Now we see that feeding through into our growth figures and all of this is before the UK actually leaves the EU.\" The Scottish Conservatives said the country was now \"on the path to recession\" under the SNP. Finance spokesman Murdo Fraser said: \"Nicola Sturgeon's Scottish government must take responsibility for this mess. \"She has made Scotland the highest-taxed part of the UK and created more instability and uncertainty with her threat of a second referendum. \"Now we see the real-life impact of her mismanagement. \"These figures also smash the SNP's claim that Brexit is to blame for a slowdown. \"If that was the case, why is the rest of the UK powering ahead, while Scotland comes to a standstill?\" Analysis by Douglas Fraser, BBC Scotland business/economy editor There may be one positive that comes out of the negative number issued on Wednesday morning by the Scottish government. With a decline of 0.2%, October-to-December output from the Scottish economy certainly grabs attention - because if there's another quarter of contraction, it's called recession. Read more from Douglas here. Scottish Labour's economy spokeswoman Jackie Baillie said the figures provided \"further compelling evidence that the last thing Scotland needs is another divisive independence referendum\". She added: \"With Scotland's economy flatlining and Brexit creating unprecedented levels of uncertainty, it is time the SNP government in Edinburgh started taking some responsibility for its failures and acted to address them. \"The SNP should take a second referendum off the table and get back to governing the country.\" 'Deeply disappointing' Fraser of Allander Institute director Prof Graeme Roy said the latest figures were \"deeply disappointing\" and confirmed a more general slowdown in Scotland's economy. He said: \"With the Scottish economy shrinking in the final quarter of 2016, this means that the Scottish economy did not grow at all through 2016. \"At a time when the UK economy grew at 1.8% over the same period, this is a serious cause for concern. \"With any Brexit uncertainty affecting the UK as well, it's hard to argue that Scotland's relatively weaker performance can be explained by the outcome of the EU referendum.\" He added: \"While the downturn in the oil and gas sector remains part of the explanation, it is difficult to ignore the substantial declines in construction over the past year (-6%) or in manufacturing (-7.3%) - with all areas of manufacturing, not just those tied to the North Sea supply chain, shrinking during 2016.\" The Scottish Chambers of Commerce called for urgent government action to restore confidence in the Scottish economy. Chief executive Liz Cameron said: \"The news that Scotland's economy is contracting at a time when the overall UK economy is growing healthily must ring alarm bells for both the Scottish and UK governments. \"While Scotland's growth has been sluggish since the fall in oil prices in 2015, the evidence now shows that no sector in the Scottish economy is experiencing growth, with production and construction falling and our service sector flatlining.\" The Federation of Small Businesses described the latest growth figures as \"anaemic\". Scottish policy convener Andy Willox said: \"If Scotland is to avoid recession, we need to see action from governments in Edinburgh and London to boost local firms. \"Scottish government and UK government ministers need to avoid fixating on inward investment - and put real effort into developing genuinely resilient local economies.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"On Sunday's Official Chart Show it was announced that Fall Out Boy, James Arthur and Icona Pop would also play at Wembley Arena on 3 November. The Radio 1 Breakfast Show host Nick Grimshaw will present the ceremony with singer Rita Ora. The main focus of the event will be the recognition of three Teen Heroes. The Teen Awards, now in their fourth year, celebrate the achievements of inspirational teenagers as well giving awards to stars from the world of music, sport and entertainment. Speaking on the Radio 1 Breakfast Show, Rita Ora said: \"The line-up is great, the music is going to be fantastic. \"I'm so excited. Thank you for asking me to do this, I'm really looking forward to it.\" The main focus of the event will see three Teen Heroes gain recognition for acting selflessly, inspiring others or showing courage and bravery. They have been nominated by Radio 1 listeners and will be chosen by a panel of celebrities, Radio 1 and 1Xtra DJs and experts from youth organisations. This year, the judges include Professor Green, Jordan from Rizzle Kicks, Blue Peter presenter Lindsey Russell and Radio 1 DJs Nick Grimshaw, Dan and Phil and Greg James. Journalists and charity representatives, as well as the surgery's Aled Haydn Jones and Dr Radha will also discuss who deserves to win one of the three awards. Jocelin Stainer, editor at Radio 1 and 1Xtra, said: \"The Teen Hero awards are the heartbeat of our event. \"They're the reason artists want to perform and celebrities want to give up a day in their calendar. We're looking for three teens that have achieved something truly remarkable.\" Tickets for the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards will be released on Saturday 12 October at 9am. They cost £10 plus booking fee and will be available to 14 to 17-year-olds only. More information about the event can be found on the Radio 1 website. Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Mark SavageBBC Music reporter Now three new acts are vying for the title as the prize marks its 10th anniversary. Pop diva Dua Lipa, blues singer Rag N Bone Man and dance vocalist Anne-Marie all make the shortlist, which is voted for by music industry experts. The winner is announced on 8 December, ahead of next year's Brit Awards. Unusually, all of this year's nominees have already tasted chart success in the last 12 months. Anne-Marie is currently number one as the featured performer on Clean Bandit's hit Rockabye. Dua Lipa, who was on the BBC's Sound Of 2016 list earlier this year, has scored hits with her singles Hotter Than Hell and Blow Your Mind (Mwah). Rag N Bone Man, meanwhile, has been number one for nine weeks in Germany with his soul-stirring ballad Human. The song is set to enter the UK chart for the first time this week after being performed by X Factor contestant Emily Middlemas. The nominees were chosen by a panel of music industry experts - from critics and record label employees to heads of the UK's biggest radio stations. The winner will receive a statue designed by late architect Zaha Hadid, and will get to perform on the Brit Awards launch show live on ITV on 14 January. Before they become ubiquitous, brush up on the nominees below. Anne-Marie After two stints in Les Miserables as a child actress, Anne-Marie was hired as a touring vocalist for dance collective Rudimental. They liked her so much they signed her to their label. Her solo single Alarm hit number 16 earlier this year and has been streamed more than 100 million times. Age: 25 From: Essex Inspired by: Eminem, 50 Cent, Prince, Lauryn Hill and... S Club 7 For fans of: Rihanna, Jess Glynne, Jessie Ware Did you know? Anne-Marie is a three-time world karate champion. She says: \"I actually can't believe I am nominated for this amazing award. This is so sick. To everyone who voted for me I am so grateful and humbled, here's to 2017!\" Dua Lipa Born in London but with an Albanian heritage, Dua Lipa attended the Sylvia Young stage school until, aged 13, her parents returned to Kosovo. She lasted two years before fleeing to London, where she worked in nightclubs to pay for her singing career. Possessed of a smoky voice and a hip-hop sensibility, she is due to release her debut album in February. Age: 21 From: London Inspired by: Chance The Rapper, David Bowie, Nelly Furtado, Pink For fans of: Destiny's Child, Lana Del Rey, Charli XCX Did you know? She once got in trouble for throwing bubble bath at a policeman. She says: \"This is the highlight of my year. I've hit a lot of milestones this year, from performing at Glastonbury, to doing my own European tour... [and] this is the icing on the cake.\" Rag N Bone Man Born Rory Graham, singer-songwriter Rag N Bone Man is the unlikely missing link between blues giants like Robert Johnson and the soulful pop of Sam Smith and John Newman. His gruff, emotive voice brings his tales of love, loss and redemption vividly to life - something his huge European fanbase have cottoned on to before the UK. Age: 31 From: Uckfield, near Brighton Inspired by: John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, Roots Manuva, D'Angelo For fans of: Joe Cocker, Sam Smith, Plan B, Ray LaMontagne Did You Know? The singer's chose his stage name because he's a fan of the sitcom Steptoe and Son. He says: \"It's bonkers that I've been nominated for Critics' Choice. Absolutely bonkers. I've been grafting, I built a strong fanbase over the years with help from good people that put their faith in me. And now this! I'm very grateful.\" Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 88-year-old classical singer was affected by diabetes for the past thirty years. Born in 1916 in the southern temple town of Madurai, Subbulakshmi cut her first gramophone record at the age of ten and gave her stage performances. Gifted with a mellifluous voice, she later had recalled that she had to be physically carried while playing to the stage where she was to give a music performance. When she was fifteen she gave a memorable performance at the prestigious Music Academy of Madras and instantly she became famous drawing the admiration of great musicians,and connoisseurs. Noted Indian poetess Sarojini Naidu described her as the nightingale of India. She had acted in a few Tamil films but all of them were devotional films. India's most respected freedom fighter, Mahatma Gandhi used to ask her to sing her devotional songs during his prayer meetings. Her concerts featured songs in many Indian regional languages. Through her concerts she had collected funds for several causes, charities and temples. She had performed at the United Nations and at the Edinburgh festival. She had donated whatever she had earned including the coveted Magasasay award in charity. She had received several awards including the highest Indian civilian award, Bharat Ratna."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"That is the message that thousands of Facebook users have reported seeing on their news feeds. It seems to be only US-based users that can see the question, which is appearing under every post on their Facebook page. While some have criticised the social media giant for the move, others are calling it a bug and pointing out the more unusual places where they have seen it appear. A Facebook spokesperson said they were unable to comment at this time. You may also like: If users click \"yes\" to respond that the post does contain hate speech, they are presented with four options for feedback. These options are \"hate speech\", \"test p1\", \"test p2\" and \"test p3\", prompting some people to suggest that the form \"clearly wasn't supposed\" to appear on Facebook in its current form. Yet the hate speech button was criticised as suppression by some, with American writer Matt Walsh calling it an intentional move by Facebook to remove \"conservative content\". This is in light of accusations from Republican congressman Steve Scalise that Facebook's algorithm was discriminating against conservative news and content in favour of liberal posts. And Lebanese-American journalist Brigitte Gabriel labelled it an attempt by Facebook to \"censor\" her account. But as others noticed the button appearing on all of the posts in their timeline, people began to share the funniest place they had seen the button appear. Such places include posts about local churches, articles about Donald Trump, and even pictures which show the weather forecast. And Washington Post journalist Gene Park shared this suggestion that a photo of a puppy might be somehow hateful. This comes as Facebook hosts its biggest event ever, with 5,000 developers flying in from around the world for the F8 developer conference on May 1-2. This prompted social media journalist Matt Navarra to joke that even Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg was not exempt from the hate speech button. By Tom Gerken, UGC & Social News"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Marco SilvaBBC Trending Last month, Facebook announced the creation of a database that lists UK political adverts on the platform along with the names of the people who paid for them. At the moment, inclusion in the database is voluntary, but the company hopes to apply the rules to all political advertisers in the near future and require them to sign up. The initiative came in response to political pressure the company has faced over allegations of data misuse by Cambridge Analytica and the role the social media giant played in the 2016 US presidential election and the UK's EU referendum. Similar libraries are already available in the US and in Brazil. Hats, beauty treatments, and jewellery Among more than 1,200 UK ads listed in the database, BBC Trending spotted at least 26 that are for commercial companies and have no readily apparent political agenda. They include a hat seller, a fashion boutique, a magazine, a coffee company, an online jewellery store, and others. It's still unclear how these adverts ended up in the UK library, but similar non-political ads can also be spotted in the US and Brazilian databases. You may also be interested in: What exactly happened? The ads, spotted by the BBC, indicate that Facebook does not have humans overseeing the library. Facebook told BBC Trending it is investigating the matter and suggested that in some cases the advertisers themselves may have inadvertently flagged their adverts as \"political\" by failing to untick a box during the ad-buying process. The UK company with most adverts listed in the database, hat seller Concept Cap, said that it was unaware its adverts had been dubbed \"political\" until it was contacted by the BBC. \"We were trying to set up product tagging on Instagram to help brand growth,\" a Concept Cap spokesperson said. Product tagging embeds keywords in posts, to make them more visible when users are searching for particular words and phrases. \"And to do that, you need to get verified by Facebook and send a form of ID, which we did\", the spokesperson said. \"After that, we got a message saying it was okay for us to post political and religious views.\" Concept Cap said its hats and its adverts contained no political messages at all. Transparency questions A number of media reports in recent weeks have raised questions over how effective Facebook's new tools could actually be in making political advertising more transparent. Last month, a Vice News journalist successfully applied to buy fake ads on behalf of all 100 sitting US Senators. Shortly after, a Business Insider reporter succeeded in publishing a fake advert purporting to have been paid by scandal-hit Cambridge Analytica. Evidence given to the UK Parliament's inquiry into fake news has also identified what appears to be a large Brexit-backing advertising campaign run by an website called Mainstream Network. Campaign group 89up estimated that Mainstream Network spent up to £257,000 on adverts urging Facebook users to \"bin Chequers\". It remains unclear who is behind Mainstream Network, and the page does not appear to have run any advertisements on Facebook since the new political advertising rules were announced on 16 October. Facebook has refused to divulge any information about the people behind Mainstream Network's page and their new library does not include any political ads bought before their archive was unveiled. More from BBC Trending Meanwhile, legislators from eight countries have come together to call on Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg to give evidence before an \"international grand committee\" investigating disinformation and election meddling. Blog by Marco Silva Do you have a story for us? Email BBC Trending. More from Trending: Jiang Jinfu: Actor admits domestic violence Hundreds of thousands of Sina Weibo users have reacted angrily to Chinese actor Jiang Jinfu's admission of domestic violence against his girlfriend.READ NOW You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The rules include a section known as Article 13. It says that if users upload infringing content to a service, the tech firm involved must either make a \"best effort\" to get permission from the rights holders or quickly remove it. The UK was among 19 nations that supported the law in its European Council vote. But Poland was one of those that objected on the grounds that it could pave the way to internet censorship. EU sources say that five other countries also opposed the rules - Italy, Finland, Sweden, Luxembourg and the Netherlands - while Belgium, Estonia and Slovenia abstained. Google had led lobbying efforts against the law's introduction. At one point it had featured pop-up notices on its YouTube video-streaming service warning that the effort could have \"unintended consequences\", including the blocking of some of its clips to EU-based members. In particular, there was concern that memes featuring clips from TV shows and films could no longer be shared. However, tweaks to the law subsequently made an exception for content used for the \"purposes of quotation, criticism, review, caricature, parody and pastiche\". Even so, there is still a concern that smaller sites will struggle to track down and pay copyright holders or to develop content filters that automatically block suspect material. Another controversial rule - which says that search engines and social media providers will have to pay news publishers to feature snippets of their content - also remains. Wikipedia blacked out four of its European sites in protest last month. It said the rules would make information harder to find online and thus make it harder for its volunteers to source information. But European media industry leaders have welcomed the effort. \"Publishers of all sizes, and other creators, will now have the right to set terms and conditions for others to reuse their content commercially, as is only fair and appropriate,\" commented Xavier Bouckaert, president of the European Magazine Media Association. Helen Smith, executive chair of the Independent Music Companies Association, added: \"It was a long road and we would like to thank everyone who contributed to the discussion. As a result, we now have a balanced text that sets a precedent for the rest of the world to follow, by putting citizens and creators at the heart of the reform and introducing clear rules for online platforms.\" The EU's member states now have two years to adopt the rules into their national laws."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"David Brookhouse, 38, and John Brookhouse, 35, attacked Daniel McGuigan in front of bystanders in Castlemilk on 24 May 2019. The men were told it would be 15 and 13 years respectively before they were eligible to apply for parole. The sentencing of a 15-year-old boy, who cannot be identified because for legal reasons, was deferred. The teenager's guilty plea to the lesser charge of culpable homicide was previously accepted by the Crown. The Brookhouse brothers admitted murdering Mr McGuigan, 35, on Stravanan Street at an earlier hearing. A judge told the brothers at the High Court in Edinburgh: \"You murdered Mr McGuigan just as he reached the time in his life where he had a positive future. He loved his job. He was engaged to be married.\" Lady Scott said the death had inflicted trauma on his partner and left family bereft. The judge said: \"There was a background here of long-standing bad feeling between members of your family and the deceased resulting in verbal arguments and threats on occasions when you came across each other.\" 'Shouting and screaming' The court heard the trio attacked Mr McGuigan while he was carrying out garden maintenance in the area and had stopped for a tea break. David Brookhouse was armed with a kitchen knife, his brother had an axe and a teenager followed them and picked up a stick. The brothers saw Mr McGuigan standing next to his works van and ran towards him. Advocate depute Bill McVicar said: \"John Brookhouse raised the axe above his head and swiped at the deceased two or three times with the axe and struck him with the weapon. David Brookhouse repeatedly stabbed the deceased.\" Mr McGuigan tried to defend himself by throwing a leaf blower at John Brookhouse and tried to flee but was chased by the brothers. The teenager hit him on the head with the piece of wood he was carrying. Mr McVicar said: \"The deceased was shouting and screaming. Various members of the public shouted at the accused to leave him alone.\" The brothers ran off leaving their victim bleeding heavily. Paramedics found two stab wounds in his chest and another in his back. Medics were unable to save his life. He died from a stab wound which went into a lung and his heart, piercing through the main artery. 'No premeditation' The court heard that both brothers, from Glasgow, have previous convictions for violence with the older sibling having a more serious record. Defence counsel Gary Allan QC, for David Brookhouse, said he had suffered a brain injury as a child. He said the older brother did not have any clear recollection of saying he was going to kill Mr McGuigan. Brian McConnachie QC, for John Brookhouse, said the father-of-four had \"a relatively serious drink and drug problem\". He said: \"There was no premeditation. It was chance that the deceased was in the area. The presence of the deceased was mere chance.\" Mr McConnachie said Brookhouse deeply regretted his involvement in the offence. Lady Scott said she would continue the case of the teenager to get further information about his progress under supervision and to obtain advice from the children's hearing system."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mindaugas Arlauskas, 28, was found by a passer-by in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire on 9 May. Donatas Umbrasas, 27, of Wisbech, pleaded guilty to murder in June and was sentenced at Cambridge Crown Court to a minimum term of 15 years. Tomas Lazdauskas, 24, also of Wisbech, was given 10 years for manslaughter. Judge David Farrell QC said: \"Minda was brutally beaten to death with a combination of punches, kicks, possibly stamping, but certainly the use of a metal bar, a garden chair and a children's toy. \"It was a prolonged and persistent attack using serious violence.\" Addressing the two men, he said: \"The two of you, working together, wheeled the body away on his own bicycle and then dumped it in the street. \"You, Umbrasas, set fire to it to destroy evidence of what had happened.\" The court heard the case stemmed from the \"complicated\" love life of Lazdauskas, who wanted to divorce his wife and begin a relationship with a woman that the victim also had feelings for. Lazdauskas also \"encouraged\" the victim to \"become friendly\" with his wife, possibly to give him grounds for divorce. On the day of the killing, Lazdauskas told his wife he would invite Mr Arlauskas to their house in Milner Road, where he was drinking excessively with Umbrasas, \"to hit him a little bit\". Umbrasas, of Albany Road, then attacked Mr Arlauskas in the back garden, leaving him dying or dead before the pair hatched a plan to get rid of the body. The court heard Umbrasas - a Lithuanian national, like his victim - was a hard-working factory worker who lived with his mother and had no previous convictions. It \"beggared belief\" why he acted the way he did, the court was told. Lazdauskas had come to the UK for a job as a a field worker in February and had one conviction for dishonesty in Lithuania. He admitted manslaughter and was acquitted of murder by a jury in November. He was told he must serve two-thirds of his sentence before being released on licence. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Some 20 teenagers originally faced murder charges following the 2010 murder of Sofyen Belamouadden under a law increasingly being used to tackle gang violence. After four trials lasting 21 months, three have been convicted of murder, five of manslaughter, including Bayode, 12 of lesser charges and three cleared. The case is the latest example of how the law of joint enterprise can be deployed to successfully prosecute crimes involving large numbers of people. But some campaigners argue the law is a \"lazy\" option for prosecutors and can lead to miscarriages of justice. The centuries-old law allows a whole group of people to be prosecuted for the differing roles they played in a murder. There is a version of the law in Scotland, although it is applied slightly differently. Historically, joint enterprise helped authorities deal with duels, enabling them to prosecute the duellers, their supporters and doctors who treated the wounded. To make a normal murder charge stick, prosecutors need to prove the defendant intended to kill. But the terms of joint enterprise are different - and at the heart of it is the concept of foresight. Prosecutors must prove the defendants were involved in some kind of common criminal enterprise and, in the course of their actions, the individuals could have foreseen that one member of the group might kill or inflict serious harm. In other words, if three friends were walking down the road and one stabbed a passer-by, the others could not be prosecuted if they genuinely had no idea that their companion was carrying a knife or intended to use it. But if the trio looked for trouble, and each person knew that one of them was carrying a knife as a weapon, then each could be convicted over its use because they could have foreseen the consequences. The most well-known and controversial conviction involving joint enterprise was that of Derek Bentley in 1952, for the murder of a policeman. He was convicted of the shooting and subsequently hanged. But he did not pull the trigger and the killer was too young to be sentenced to death. Bentley was in fact convicted on his disputed words - \"Let him have it\" - and on the joint enterprise principle that he could have foreseen the outcome. After a long campaign, the Court of Appeal quashed the conviction in 1998. A more recent case went all the way to the House of Lords. In 2004, Tyrone Clarke was stabbed to death in a gang fight in Leeds - and four men were convicted of his murder. They lost their appeal after the Law Lords concluded they could be found guilty by joint enterprise, even though there was no evidence that any of the four had inflicted the fatal injuries. The legislation has been used increasingly in recent years to deal with knife crime among teenage gangs as it allows police to cast a net widely and deal with walls of silence. Metropolitan Police Commander Simon Foy said this was a reflection of detectives' growing experience in investigating such murders. \"I've heard it called a lazy law and that we're just scooping people up, but it's a painstaking account of everyone who has been involved. That description is not accurate,\" he says. But campaign group Joint Enterprise Not Guilty by Association (Jengba) says the law promotes miscarriages of justice. It has been approached by 338 people who say they have been wrongfully convicted. \"Many of whom are serving life sentences for something they did not do, did not foresee what was going to happen nor intend to happen, but have been convicted by an archaic law that is being abused to get convictions and not justice,\" co-ordinator Gloria Morrison says. You can find out more about the history and development of the law of joint enterprise by listening to this BBC Radio 4 Law in Action programme from 2009."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"However after searching his home, prosecutors charged Joshua Schulte, 29, with having 10,000 child abuse images. He denies the charges and remains suspected of leaking extensive CIA data to anti-secrecy website Wikileaks. In March 2017, Wikileaks published thousands of documents detailing the spy agency's cyber-warfare programme. Mr Schulte designed malware used to break into terrorism suspects' and other targets' computers for the CIA for six years. He quit the spy agency in 2016 to work in the private sector. The 2017 breach, codenamed Vault 7, details how the CIA can take over iPhones through malware and turn smart TVs into surveillance devices and is believed to be the agency's largest leak of classified documents. US federal agencies launched a criminal investigation at the time and, according to US media, the software engineer's home in New York City was searched within a week. Agents suspected Mr Schulte of distributing \"national defence information\" and told a court they had retrieved \"NSA and CIA paperwork\", as well as electronic devices including a computer, tablet and phone, the New York Times reports. However six months later in August, instead of charging him for the Vault 7 leak, US prosecutors indicted him on unrelated child pornography charges. They allege messages sent by Mr Schulte suggest he was aware of illicit pictures being hosted on a server he created as a business while a university student in 2009. The software engineer, who denies the charges, is currently being held in a Manhattan jail after violating his bail terms. Mr Schulte's family lawyers have made repeated demands for prosecutors to either indict or clear their client of the Vault 7 allegations. A US prosecutor said in January the investigation was still continuing and that Mr Schulte remained \"a target of that investigation\", the Washington Post reports, quoting court documents. Last week, prosecutors said in court they planned to file a new indictment in the next 45 days, while his lawyer asked the judge to impose a deadline on any espionage-related charges. Both the CIA and the US justice department are yet to comment."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent@BBCDomCon Twitter The trial of Mohammed Abdallah at the Old Bailey threw light on a broad network of friends involved in fighting overseas that was associated to the Manchester Arena bomber Salman Abedi. Abdallah, 26, is the first person to be convicted of being an IS member on the basis of one of the leaked documents. He travelled to the war zone in July 2014, only to leave weeks later. What was the case against him? The jury heard Abdallah travelled to Syria via Turkey three years ago and the prosecution alleged he had filled out an IS registration document on his arrival. The document, part of a trove of files later passed to reporters by a defector, stated that the former supermarket worker had experience with both a heavy machine-gun and as a sniper. The jury heard the defendant was assisted by his younger brother, Abdalraouf Abdallah, who is already in prison in the UK for helping other members of the same network get to Syria. Social media exchanges showed some of £2,000 wired to Mohammed Abdallah in Turkey by his father in Manchester went to buy an AK47 rifle. There was no suggestion in court that he knew of his sons' involvement in the Syrian conflict. How did the brothers become involved in fighting? The Abdallah brothers were from a Libyan family in Manchester, one of many in the city who had fled to the UK when their parents were persecuted as political opponents of the now dead dictator Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. When the Libyan revolution erupted in early 2011, the brothers left Britain alongside many others to help liberate their parents' country. They joined a paramilitary unit associated with the LIFG, the main Islamist revolutionary group. During one battle, Abdalraouf Abdallah was shot in the back, leaving him paralysed from the waist down. Prosecutors said that when he was no longer able to fight and stuck at home in Manchester, he decided to play a key role in helping friends reach Syria as interest grew in overthrowing President Assad. Abdalraouf Abdallah was convicted in 2016 for preparing acts of terrorism by helping friends travel. During his trial, he talked frankly about supporting the armed overthrow of President Assad, but denied specifically supporting the Islamic State group, even if other members of his network had done so. Who was in this network? The separate prosecutions of the Abdallah brothers both heard that a key member of the network was a former RAF serviceman, Stephen Gray, also known as Mustafa, who is now in jail. Prosecutors said he wanted to enter Syria alongside Mohammed Abdallah, Raymond Matimba, a former drug dealer who found religion and another Libyan, Nezar Khalifa, who lived in the same part of south Manchester. Mohammed Abdallah had been largely living and working in Libya after fighting in the revolution. But after initially returning to Manchester, he left again with Khalifa - and the pair then flew to Turkey. Matimba and Gray had flown from Manchester to meet them there - but the former RAF man was stopped by Turkish security officials and sent back. Matimba entered Syria with the other two and made it to the so-called IS capital, Raqqa. He later shared pictures of the city and a video emerged later showing him associating with other British fighters including the hostage-killer 'Jihadi John'. Abdallah's referees At the time, volunteer fighters could only join the Islamic State group by providing the name of a referee already known to commanders. Abdallah's entry form provided two. One was Raphael Hostey, who used the nom de guerre Abu Qa'qa al-Britani. He was later described by a British judge as an \"inspirational figure\" who had sponsored others from Manchester and elsewhere to join him. He was killed in May 2016. The second sponsor named by Abdallah was Abu Othman al Libi. His real name is Salem Musa Youssef Elkhafaifi, a Libyan dissident in his 40s who once lived in Manchester. He left the city to fight in the Libyan revolution - and from there went to join IS in Syria. He featured in its key 2014 video released when the group claimed to have formed a new state. The form described Abu Othman al Libi as a \"family friend\" - but during his trial Mohammed Abdallah denied ever hearing of him. What did Mohammed Abdallah do in Syria? During his evidence, Mohammed Abdallah was assisted by a specialist intermediary after the judge ruled he needed help following some questions. He said that not only was he not religious, unlike his brother, but he drank heavily and used drugs. He spoke slowly and sometimes struggled to provide clear answers. Abdallah left school with no qualifications and a low reading age and drifted in and out of employment. After his brief part in the Libyan revolution, he said he spent most of his time \"chilling\" smoking cannabis while occasionally working as a security guard for the new government. He showed the jury pictures of himself messing around with friends on a Libyan beach. When he returned to the UK in 2012, he began using drugs more heavily, leading to him becoming a dealer himself, an ecstasy overdose and being thrown out of home. His brother, who had become more focused on his faith since his paralysis, would lecture him to sort out his life. In 2014 his Libyan friend Nezar Khalifa said he wanted to go to Syria to deliver aid money to refugees on the Turkish border. Abdallah told his trial he agreed to go along because it would be a change of scenery - but insisted he had no idea he would end up in IS territory. He told the jury it soon dawned on him he was in the wrong place. 'Refused to take IS oath' He, Khalifa and Matimba were taken by masked fighters who met them at the border to what appeared to be a chicken farm converted into a squalid ideological training camp for dozens of trainees. Fighters seized their phones and luggage and they were expected to rise early for prayers, exercise while fasting all day and follow religious lectures in which they had to watch numerous videos showing beheadings of IS enemies. \"I had a proper banging headache,\" Abdallah told the jury. \"Sweating, so ill. I could not get out of bed.\" When the day came when the trainees were required to gather in a hall to swear an oath to the IS leader, he said he stood up and refused. \"I knew I wanted to leave this place. If I gave [an oath] and then tried to leave, 90% I'm dead. If I don't give the oath, it's 50-50. It was so emotional for me, I was the first to stand up.\" Abdallah said he was marched off and ran a gauntlet of other trainees, including Raymond Matimba, hurling insults. He was taken to a prison, where he was threatened with execution, before being thrown out of Syria with Khalifa. Both returned to Syria. Abdallah was arrested when he arrived back in the UK in 2016. Did Mohammed Abdallah know the Manchester bomber? Salman Abedi killed 22 people, and himself, at the Manchester Arena when he detonated a homemade bomb. Like Abdallah, he was from a Libyan background and we know that he was part of the broad network from the city who knew each other through either community ties or family involvement in the uprising against Colonel Gaddafi. While the defendant did not give evidence that he knew the bomber, they went to the same secondary school, albeit they were three years apart. Abedi did, however, know the defendant's brother, Abdalraouf, because he visited him twice in prison in March this year. The following month, Abedi left the UK for Libya and returned to Manchester four days before his attack."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Suspects were arrested in 24 states and the capital, Brasilia. Justice Minister Torquato Jardim said those detained were part of a ring that shared pornographic images of children through computers and mobile phones. The operation comes at the end of a six-month investigation, which involved US and European immigration officials. Investigators have found more than 150,000 files containing disturbing images. They were accessed through the dark web, a part of the internet not reached by most search engines. Among those arrested were retired policemen, civil servants and people in charge of football youth clubs. Mr Jardim said the paedophiles use sophisticated techniques to evade police investigations. \"They store their illegal, criminal photos in a computer of someone in another part of the country or even abroad,\" he said. \"And often the people storing the content are unaware,\" added Mr Jardim. The operation initially targeted suspects of sharing illegal paedophile material. But after seizing dozens of computers, mobile phones, CDs and hard drives, investigators found out that the criminal group was also producing pornographic material to distribute on the internet. The files contained disturbing images of babies and young children being abused. Some of the children and teenagers denounced their own parents or other relatives to officers taking part in the operation. It is not clear if the paedophile ring operated independently in Brazil or if it was connected with other criminal networks abroad."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"David Black was shot dead on the M1 in County Armagh on Thursday as he drove to work at Maghaberry Prison. The father-of-two from Cookstown was the first prison officer to be murdered in Northern Ireland in almost 20 years. Ulster Unionist councillor Trevor Wilson has visited the family and said they were \"devastated\". \"The M1 is supposed to be the busiest road in Northern Ireland and David's son actually drove past the scene 15 minutes after it happened and not knowing that his father was actually involved in it,\" he said. Two men were arrested in connection with the murder on Friday. Mr Black's minister, the Reverend Tom Greer of Molesworth Presbyterian Church in Cookstown, said that among the people who have been in contact to express their sympathy have been prisoners from Maghaberry jail. \"They found David an officer whom they respected and whom they related to well,\" Rev Greer said. \"That was significant I think, to hear that even some of the guys that David would have been supervising as an officer were devastated at the thought of his death and shocked by it and have sent their sympathy.\" Ministers from the Northern Ireland Executive and the Irish Republic's government will discuss the murder of Mr Black later, the BBC understands. The North South Ministerial Council (NSMC) meeting will take place in Armagh. Safety Meanwhile, the head of the Northern Ireland Prison Service has denied that prison officers have been told that they are to lose their personal protection weapon. Sue McAllister was responding to claims made in the aftermath of the murder. Speaking on BBC Northern Ireland's The View, Ms McAllister said that she was determined to ensure the safety of all prison officers. \"I have checked and to my knowledge no prison officer has been told that his or her personal protection weapon is to be withdrawn,\" she said. \"I will certainly be making sure that any prison officer who wishes to have a personal protection weapon will be able to apply to the police service as per our procedures.\" There has been widespread condemnation of the murder. Mr Black was attacked on the motorway between Portadown and Lurgan at 07:30 GMT on Thursday. 'Terrorist attack' A car with Dublin registration plates drove up beside him and fired a number of shots. His car veered into a ditch. Dissident republicans have been blamed for the murder. Speaking on BBC Radio Ulster on Friday, the chairman of the Northern Ireland Policing Board (NIPB), Brian Rea, praised the police response to the attack. He said: \"We support and applaud the members of the PSNI who in the first instance, we understand, were responding to what was considered to be a single vehicle incident on the M1 motorway and then discovered that they were dealing with a terrorist attack on a man driving to his work in HMP Maghaberry. \"We will continue to support the chief constable and all of his officers as they work to bring to justice those who have committed this heinous crime.\" Experienced A scheduled meeting of the NIPB was adjourned on Thursday as a mark of respect for Mr Black. The 52-year-old was a very experienced prison officer and had worked through the Troubles. He was one of hundreds of officers who had applied for the prison service redundancy scheme. Mr Black was the 30th prison worker to be murdered since 1974 in Northern Ireland. The last prison officer killed was Jim Peacock who died on 1 September 1993. He was murdered by the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) at his Belfast home."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 33-year-old was shot in Rickman Drive, Lee Bank, Birmingham, at 21:45 BST on 25 August. West Midlands Police said he was taken to hospital with a gunshot wound and died on Friday. The force has appealed for witnesses to the shooting and is trying to trace the car and its occupants. A post-mortem examination will be carried out in due course. Det Insp Harry Harrison said: \"Guns have no place in our society and we are determined to bring anyone who thinks it is acceptable to carry and use one to justice.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Vincent KearneyBBC News NI Home Affairs Correspondent Chief Constable George Hamilton has already made it clear that the police believe the Provisional IRA still exists, and that some of its members were involved in the murder of Kevin McGuigan in east Belfast in August. Mr Hamilton has also said: Unless there have been dramatic developments in recent weeks, the paramilitary assessment to be published by Northern Ireland Secretary of State Theresa Villiers on Tuesday will mirror those views. What the Chief Constable has not said is whether the IRA's ruling army council remains intact. I asked Mr Hamilton that question on 22 August, just minutes after his press conference at PSNI headquarters when he said members of the IRA killed Kevin McGuigan. \"I don't want to get into the detail of that,\" he replied. \"What I am happy to say is that, at an operational level, we do not see the infrastructure that existed in the 1990s - people are not targeting, there is no procurement of weapons, there is no intention to murder people for political purposes. \"Our assessment is that the hierarchy of the organisation, so that it can be co-ordinated, controlled, and that members can be influenced, still exists. \"There's a number of names given to different tiers of that hierarchy, and I am not going to start speculating,\" Mr Hamilton added. 'Political alternative' Ass Ch Con Will Kerr, the officer who leads the PSNI's efforts to combat paramilitary activity, has also refused to be drawn on the issue. Last month, he told a public meeting of the policing board that the IRA's operational tier, its so-called Active Service Units, no longer exist. But when asked a direct question about whether the IRA army council is still in place, he declined to comment, saying he did not want to talk about \"labels\". Given that the aim of this assessment is to provide an analysis of the current structure of the Provisional IRA, it seems reasonable to expect it to answer this question. If it says there is an army council, the focus will be on what it says about its role and purpose. Mr Hamilton has suggested that retaining some level of control may have been necessary for the IRA to ensure its members supported a political alternative to violence. \"There is a mechanism, perhaps to bring people along this path of the peace process, to pursue a peaceful political republican agenda without recourse to violence,\" he told me in August. 'Prevent defections' The chief constable has said its role and purpose today is \"radically\" different to the period of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, when it directed a campaign of violence. Some security sources have also said the continued existence of a Provisional IRA structure may have helped prevent defections of former members to the ranks of dissident republican organisations. The chief constable has publicly managed to avoid answering direct questions about the current status of the IRA army council. It is unlikely he managed to avoid answering similar questions from the paramilitary assessment panel appointed by the secretary of state. The question now is, will Ms Villiers reveal the answer in her statement to the House of Commons on Tuesday afternoon?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Cormac CampbellBBC News NI South East Reporter Following government advice, many have been applying for International Driving Permits at their local post offices. Yet, the post office is now advising its branches to tell customers they will not need the permits to drive in the Republic after Brexit. So what, if anything, will drivers need? Advice so far Last September, the UK government advised that an International Driving Permit would be required to drive in the Republic after 28 March 2019. But in January of this year, that advice was withdrawn. Now updated advice states that you should not need an international permit to drive south of the border. Despite this, some post offices have started selling the permits to customers keen to ensure that they can continue driving in the Republic of Ireland after Brexit Day. On Wednesday, I bought one of these permits in Newry. It cost £5.50 and states that it is valid for one year from 28 March. It was bought on the basis that I would only be driving in the Republic and not other EU nations. Every day thousands of cars criss cross hundreds of roads along the Irish border without restriction for work and leisure. One of them is Newry solicitor Neil Manley who says people who work on both sides of the border feel there is little choice but to get the permit to ensure they are covered. \"I think it's inevitable that I will have to get one of the driving permits for travelling across the border,\" he said. \"I've business and personal commitments on both sides of the border, so I think it is in my best interests to err on the side of caution in relation to this.\" The Post Office said in a statement: \"Based on government advice, we will be reminding our branches to explain to customers that UK licence holders will not need an international driving permit to drive in Ireland.\" 'Green card' But one thing drivers will need in the event of a hard Brexit is a green card which proves their insurance covers them in the Republic. According to Newry insurance broker Anthony Boden: \"The green card is an international motor insurance certificate that allows motorists from Northern Ireland to drive in the Republic or the rest of Europe. \"It's not something we have needed for around 30 years but the Association of British Insurers came out in the middle of January to announce that it will be required in the event of a no-deal Brexit. \"So it is something we have to prepare for, and it is something we are preparing for.\" 'Serious trade impact' Just across the border is the seaside town of Carlingford. In the last 20 years it has become a major destination for visitors from north of the border. Cormac McCann runs the local tourist office. He says any form of restriction on motorists could have severe implications for the sector on both sides of Carlingford Lough. \"We promote both sides of the Lough as a region. It would have serious effects on our trade overall,\" he said. \"Without northern trade, Carlingford (village) wouldn't be as busy as it is and a lot of livelihoods wouldn't be able to support themselves.\" With time there should be clarity both on the permits and the green cards. If either are required this could present the further question of how and where they may be checked."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Kevin SharkeyBBC News NI The new rule will apply after the end of the Brexit transition period. The Irish Department of Transport has confirmed the requirement to BBC News NI. \"A green card is a document issued by your insurer that proves you have motor insurance cover when driving in another jurisdiction,\" a spokesperson said. The spokesperson added \"As it stands, following the transition period, a green card will be required for vehicles from the UK, including Northern Ireland, being driven in Ireland or other EU Member States, unless the European Commission declares otherwise.\" The department further clarified that it is not an offence under Irish or EU law for GB or Northern Ireland-registered vehicles to drive in Ireland without a GB sticker attached to the vehicle. In July, the UK government released guidance on driving in Europe, saying that an International Driving Permit (IDP) may be required in some countries from 1 January 2021. However, the department spokesperson said there will be no requirement for holders of a UK driving licence to hold an IDP when visiting Ireland after the end of the transition period. The Association of British Insurers confirmed that Irish drivers crossing the border into Northern Ireland will not require a green card, but that \"as things currently stand\" NI drivers travelling the other way will."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Marie-Louise ConnollyBBC News NI Health Correspondent The Children's Heartbeat Trust said it was vital that the Royal Hospital for Sick Children continued to play a key role in the cross-border service. It provides pre- and post-operative care for children with congenital heart disease in Northern Ireland. But they could suffer as the political vacuum continues, the charity warned. The Northern Ireland children's commissioner, who advises on and monitors government policy for young people, said \"strong political leadership\" was required to make the service work. \"During the Brexit negotiations the needs of these children and young people may be lost,\" said Koulla Yiasouma. \"We need a strong voice from Northern Ireland that make sure whatever challenges these families face, particularly on the border as they are travelling either side, are resolved quickly in the negotiations.\" In 2015, it was decided there should be a single congenital heart disease network on the island of Ireland, which would be based in Dublin. But after a campaign by the Children's Heartbeat Trust, backed by hundreds of parents, it was also agreed that children in Northern Ireland would continue to receive care in Belfast. 'Poor cousin' Sarah Quinlan, the charity's chief executive, said the lack of an executive means politicians are not fighting the corner of children with the disease. \"The all-island congenital heart disease network is really the first of its type, so in order to ensure that we are able to meet the challenges that will come as the network develops we need strong political leadership and that means a fully-functional executive,\" said Ms Quinlan. \"We would fear that Belfast will become the poor cousin and we need to ensure there is investment in developing a paediatric heart service here.\" The new children's heart centre is based at Our Lady's Hospital in Dublin and Belfast's Clarke Clinic provides pre- and post-operative care. In 2013, a leading international surgeon who advised on the future of children's heart surgery in Northern Ireland and said there was a real willingness to make an all-island solution work. Dr John Mayer, who is based in Boston, was asked by the Department of Health to review existing services. He looked at those in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and concluded that a united service was the better option. While no deadlines have been missed as yet, every stage in developing the network is critical, according to Ms Quinlan. \"The plans continue to be rolled out but it is crucial that Belfast plays a pivotal role and has an equal part in this partnership,\" she added. 'Foundation of care' In the meantime, children from Northern Ireland continue to travel to England for life-saving surgery. Wendy Carson has recently returned to Belfast after her daughter Thea, who is now eight months old, received open heart surgery at the Evelina Children's Hospital in London. \"My husband and I were in London for eight days,\" said Mrs Carson. \"It's hard being away from the other children and it is expensive. \"But Thea received the best of care it was just good to get back home and into the Clarke Clinic again for her post-operative care.\" Christine McCaughey's nine-year-old son Blake has also just returned from having open heart surgery in London. \"From Blake's been no age the Clarke Clinic has been the foundation of his heart care,\" she said. \"Without it we are nothing; without it he wouldn't be here.\" According to the Health and Social Care Board, all paediatric congenital heart surgery will be performed in Dublin by 2018. That will mean no child from Northern Ireland will have to travel to England for their operation."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"We love football, meat pies, kangaroos and Holden cars.\" The chorus to Holden's 1970s TV advert tells you everything you need to know about the company that gave Australia its first homegrown, mass-produced motorcar. Or almost everything - since 1931, this all-Aussie brand has in fact been owned by the American giant General Motors. It is Holden's position in the global market that is key to understanding the rise and fall of car manufacturing in Australia. Holden started off as an Adelaide saddle-maker before adapting to the arrival of motorbikes and cars by supplying upholstery and vehicle bodies. Following World War Two, it got the backing of the Australian government, which wanted to kickstart domestic car manufacturing and give the nation some global status. The birth of the first Holden 48-215 in 1948 began the public's love affair with \"Australia's own car\", which would blossom over the decades. \"It's what we grew up with, it's just what we know,\" explains Jason Fischer from Gosford Classic Car Museum, as he shows me their collection of vintage Holdens, from one of the first 48-215s to a classic Aussie ute. \"I came home from hospital in a Holden car, my dad had one, my grandfather had one and so on, so you know - it's just a natural progression.\" While there were other cars on the market, Holden could lay claim to producing the first vehicle made by Australians, for Australians. \"They were rugged, they could deal with our temperatures,\" Mr Fischer says. \"Outback Australia is a pretty harsh place and these things were made tough.\" Tribal loyalty Through the 1960s and '70s, Holden was king of the road in Australia, with the only serious competition coming from Ford, who launched their own Australian-made family car, the Falcon. Toyota also started production in Australia in 1963, but it was Holden and Ford who built almost tribal loyalty among their customers, which culminated each year in the companies going head-to-head in the Bathurst 1000 motor race. These were the sunshine years - the time of that technicolor TV advert for meat pies and kangaroos that showed Holden cars being driven by happy, smiling, patriotic Australians. As more families could afford a car, Holden expanded and introduced its popular new model, the Commodore. Until the late 1980s, steep import tariffs kept Australian-made cars ahead of the pack, as foreign-built vehicles from the rest of the world remained largely unaffordable. But that same protectionist policy may have created complacency, according to Prof Roy Green, the dean of UTS Business School in Sydney. \"In a sense, the Australian local assembly industry was destined to fail because it was established originally behind very high tariff barriers,\" he argues. \"It couldn't become export competitive when the tariffs were reduced. This is when imports started to flood in and the local industry was very slow to adapt, very slow to take on new ideas and methods.\" As those tariffs started to fall, global competition increased - but Holden's decline wasn't instant. The company's Commodore model continued to figure prominently among Australia's best-selling cars well into the 21st Century. Holden was also an important exporter, shipping cars to the Middle East and Brazil, and contributing significantly to Australia's balance of trade. 'Loss for Australia' But by 2013, with decades of government subsidies drying up, the writing was on the wall and Holden announced it could no longer afford to manufacture cars in Australia. With Ford and Toyota already having ceased production in Australia, Holden said its vehicles would also be built abroad. The decision means the deep loyalty many customers have felt will be tested. At the Australian Car Sales garage in western Sydney, we found one worker with a Holden tattoo on his arm. But manager Shayne Hennessey is concerned about how people will respond. \"I think it's going to be a huge loss for Australia,\" he says. \"I don't think the public are going to take lightly to this, they might go to a different brand.\" At the moment around 70% of customers at his used car yard are looking for a Holden Commodore, and he anticipates there will at least be an initial spike in sales for the last Australian-made Holden cars. \"The only thing it's going to be now is a historic car,\" he says. \"[For] people who can afford to put it away in the garage, it might be worth a fair bit of money in years to come.\" With the rapid growth in electric vehicles threatening to disrupt the market, there is at least some hope Australia could one day produce its own cars again. But for now, the story of \"Australia's own car\" seems to be at the end of the road."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The console was first released in Japan in March 2000 and remains the best-selling games console ever produced. Manufacturing of the device ended in 2012, six years after the follow-up PS3 console had been released. Sony said it was no longer able to offer repairs because it was running out of replacement parts for the ageing console. In a statement, the company thanked customers for their \"continued patronage\". Gamers seeking repairs will now have to try their luck with unofficial services. More than 150 million PlayStation 2 consoles have been sold. The latest model, the PS4, has sold about 80 million units. Rival console-maker Microsoft no longer reports sales figures for its Xbox One console. But the consultancy IHS Markit estimates more than 40 million have been sold."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Vanessa BarfordBBC News Stop people in the street and ask them to name a road haulage company and it is a safe bet a sizeable number will come up with Eddie Stobart. Over the past couple of decades the distinctive green and red trucks - each of them bearing a different woman's name - have not only become a mainstay of British motorways, but have sparked a spotting sensation. Among some people, mainly children, they gained a cult following. There was even an animated TV series featuring them. Today, there are about 2,200 Eddie Stobart trucks on the road and the firm's official fan club boasts no fewer than 25,000 members. Its lucrative merchandise spin-off covers everything from model trucks to teddy bears, clothes to chocolate bars, watches to wrapping paper. So how did the Eddie Stobart brand become such a big thing - and how much of it was down to Edward Stobart? Freight transport expert Geoff Dossetter says Edward Stobart - who built the local agricultural contracting business started by his father, Eddie, into one of the UK's largest haulage companies - was undeniably an impressive entrepreneur who operated an efficient business operation. Having started with eight trucks and 12 employees in 1976, by the turn of the century the fleet had expanded to about 1,000 trucks and 2,000 employees, with depots all over the country. By the time Eddie sold the firm to his brother William and business partner Andrew Tinkler in 2004, it was a multi-million-pound haulage empire. But Mr Dossetter says the firm was \"not the biggest player by a long, long way - nothing like as big as the image\", and what Edward Stobart did so effectively was to \"capture the public's imagination\". \"The problem we have with the industry is people like what is on trucks, but they don't like trucks. By using colours and naming his vehicles, it humanised the trucks. Perhaps people saw them less as ugly and gigantesque, and more like a kid's toy, or a bit of fun.\" Under Edward Stobart's stewardship, drivers of Stobart trucks also wore collars and ties and were instructed to wave back and honk their horn when signalled by a passer-by. \"He wanted to smarten up the image of truck drivers and the industry - and to his credit, he did,\" says Mr Dossetter. He says Edward Stobart was also savvy in the the way that he recognised there was substance to be made out of promoting the Eddie Stobart brand. \"The company created badges, kids' spotting kits, it became a big thing. Jools Holland even said he loved Eddie Stobart and spent his time travelling up and down the country spotting trucks!\" If cleaning up the industry's image was Edward Stobart's triumph, then giving lorries female names was his masterstroke. The first was named Twiggy, after the model, and later there was a Tammy and a Dolly, after singers Tammy Wynette and Dolly Parton. Today, the fleet includes a Laura Abbey, an Angela Rachel and an Elizabeth Jane - with the privilege of naming new lorries being that of official Stobart fan club members, albeit after a three-year wait. The spotting craze undoubtedly boosted the Stobart brand. Active fan club member Ben Lord, 24, who has been a Stobart spotter since he was about 12, says his family used to while away long motorway journeys trying to spot lorries, and his sister, mother and grandmother have all had trucks with their names on them. \"My nan's was Beryl Patricia in the late 90s, my mother's was Glenda Ann and my sister's truck, Emma Victoria, is still on the roads today.\" He says his family even spent weekends travelling to depots, and he has seen about 1,000 different Stobarts in total. Spotters vary in style, from those that gather fleet numbers or photographs to document the sighting, to those that simply shout \"Stobart\" when they see a vehicle, he explains. \"Some people might say we are anoraks. Most kids my age were into football, sport and going out, but I was into lorryspotting.com. \"I think it started with the whole collectability thing, the competition. We used to have magazine spot lists. Now there are league tables.\" Mr Lord says Edward Stobart was also a huge inspiration - \"an unsung hero in the trucking world\" - and one that inspired his career. \"Edward Stobart had created a craze. He made his trucks a household name. It's down to his idea that I am in business doing what I do today, making models for Stobart and other UK truck companies.\" So how did such a simple marketing tool - female names and fleet numbers - become such a big phenomenon? Steve Hayes, editor of Trucking magazine, says an off-the-cuff remark by a BBC Radio 2 broadcaster about 10-15 years ago was one of the catalysts. \"It was just a remark on a breakfast show, but it seemed to fire imaginations,\" he says. Glenn Patterson, marketing manager of the fan club, says Eddie Stobart: Trucks & Trailers, on Channel 5, also boosted the fan base. But branding expert Jonathan Gabay says sometimes the simplest ideas are the best. \"Stobart is not just names, it is the people behind the names. It's a brand for the people, being driven by the people.\" But he says Edward Stobart was really \"quite exceptional\" in what he achieved. \"Very few brands become legend in their own brand lifetime. And this wasn't the Apple iPad, a cool, technology brand. The idea of a haulage company capturing the imagination is quite remarkable.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Helen BriggsEnvironment correspondent, BBC News The government's drive for shale gas should be put on hold because it would lead to more reliance on fossil fuels, the Environmental Audit Committee said. The cross-party committee also warned there were \"huge uncertainties\" about the environmental impact of fracking. Ministers said shale gas development did not detract from cutting emissions. Efforts to bring about a moratorium received a setback on Monday, when a Commons vote rejected the idea. In their report, the committee said shale fracking was incompatible with UK carbon targets and could pose environmental and health risks. \"Ultimately fracking cannot be compatible with our long-term commitments to cut climate-changing emissions unless full-scale carbon capture and storage technology is rolled out rapidly, which currently looks unlikely,\" said committee chair Joan Walley MP. \"There are also huge uncertainties around the impact that fracking could have on water supplies, air quality and public health.\" Analysis David Shukman, Science Editor This report opens up a new argument over shale gas in the UK. Until now the main focus of environmental concern has been on the risks of pollution. And any worries about noise or the potential for contaminated drinking water have essentially been local. But highlighting the climate angle gives the debate a national perspective. The MPs highlight the apparent contradiction of the UK being committed to massive cuts in carbon emissions under the Climate Change Act while at the same time also encouraging the search for new sources of fossil fuel. At the heart of this question is how gas itself is viewed. Since it is cleaner than coal, some say gas can act as a \"bridge\" to a low-carbon future, buying more time for renewable energy to become more efficient. Others argue that developing any kind of fossil fuel locks us into a high-carbon future and undermines or at least delays a switch to greener forms of power. And this comes at sensitive time: the government is preparing to take a leading role in a summit on climate change in Paris at the end of the year. After a debate on the Infrastructure Bill on Monday afternoon, MPs voted overwhelmingly to reject an amendment calling for a halt to fracking. In a vote, 52 were in favour of the moratorium while 308 were against. Meanwhile the government agreed to tighten the restrictions on where fracking can take place with an outright ban on the activity in national parks, sites of special interest and areas of national beauty. The Environmental Audit Committee report warned that only a fraction of UK shale reserves could be safely burned if global warming was to be kept below two degrees - the target of international climate negotiations. And by the time shale gas is likely to be commercially viable, carbon budgets are likely to have been tightened under the Climate Change Act, it said. Regardless of any moratorium, there should be a ban on fracking in protected areas, the MPs added. \"We cannot allow Britain's national parks and areas of outstanding natural beauty to be developed into oil and gas fields,\" said Ms Walley. MPs on the committee will also attempt to amend a government bill on infrastructure on Monday to bar fracking of shale gas. Responding to the report, the Department of Energy and Climate Change said it disagreed with the findings. \"UK shale development is compatible with our goal to cut greenhouse gas emissions and does not detract from our support for renewables, in fact it could support development of intermittent renewables. To meet our challenging climate targets we will need significant quantities of renewables, nuclear and gas in our energy mix.\" And Tom Crotty, director of the Ineos group, which is investing in the UK shale gas industry, said gas would be needed for the next 20, 30 or more years in the UK, as a back-up to renewables. He told the BBC: \"The net result of a moratorium on fracking will be - we will import more and more gas - within 15 years we will import three quarters of our gas into this country.\" Prof Martin Mayfield, of the University of Sheffield, said the big issue around fracking was whether the UK could afford to extract and burn more fossil fuel. \"In terms of the shale gas under our feet, all we should do is understand how much we have and then leave it in the ground until we have no option but to use it, or until carbon capture technology is viable at sufficient scale to deal with the emissions,\" he said. However, Prof Quentin Fisher of the University of Leeds said the committee was putting the \"ill-informed views of anti-fracking groups\" ahead of evidence-based scientific studies. \"Gas will be a significant part of the UK's energy mix for the foreseeable future and it is preferable that we are as self-sufficient as possible,\" he said. \"Hopefully, MPs will reject the findings of this report and allow UK citizens to receive the economic and social benefits that shale gas extraction could bring.\" Planning row Last week, planning officers at Lancashire County Council said plans for fracking at two sites near Blackpool should be rejected owing to \"unacceptable\" increases in noise and heavy traffic. Shale company Cuadrilla has asked the council to defer the final decision to allow new information on noise levels and traffic to be considered. Prime Minister David Cameron has said the government is \"going all out\" for shale gas, claiming it could create jobs and reduce reliance on imported gas. Opponents have argued the high-pressure fracturing of rocks risks health and environmental impacts and drives climate change. Follow Helen on Twitter."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ministers will carry out new work on the environmental and health implications of the controversial gas drilling technique. Full control over fracking is due to be devolved to Scotland after May's general election. In the meantime, consent for unconventional oil and gas developments will be refused on planning grounds. The announcement by Scottish Energy Minister Fergus Ewing came a day after the boss of the Grangemouth chemical plant said the UK must embrace shale gas. Tom Crotty, from Ineos, said high energy prices were damaging the industrial sector. What is fracking and why is it controversial? Find out more.... UKOOG, which represents the onshore oil and gas industry, said the sector would boost Scotland's economy. But environmental group WWF Scotland said fracking, where gas is extracted from rock, should be ruled out completely. In the US, extensive use of the process has revolutionised the energy industry. But opponents have said it causes earthquakes, pollutes water supplies, and could lead to inappropriate development in the countryside. Mr Ewing said Holyrood ministers had taken a \"cautious\" approach to fracking, while the UK government had sought to develop it \"quickly, at any cost\". He announced: Mr Ewing told the Scottish Parliament that would all \"take time\", adding: \"Given the importance of this work, it would be inappropriate to allow any planning consents in the meantime. \"I'm therefore announcing today a moratorium on the granting of planning consents for all unconventional oil and gas developments, including fracking.\" Ken Cronin, chief executive of UKOOG, said Scotland faced having to import most of its gas from less stable countries in the coming years. He added: \"Onshore gas and oil will benefit the Scottish economy, not only directly, with jobs created through oil and gas extraction, but also indirectly, as oil and gas is a critical raw material for the chemicals industry at facilities such as Grangemouth.\" But WWF Scotland director Lang Banks said: \"There is overwhelming public opinion in favour of cleaner forms of energy and a sufficient body of evidence why unconventional oil and gas are neither good for people or the planet.\" Labour's Lewis Macdonald said his party had outlined a list of conditions in the UK parliament which would need to be met before fracking could take place, many of which fell under Scotland's responsibility. 'Political posturing' \"The Scottish government needs to do much more if it is to meet public concern about this issue,\" Mr Macdonald said. Conservative MSP Murdo Fraser said the SNP government was more interested in \"political posturing\" than making decisions based on scientific evidence. He added: \"The Scottish government would rather play politics than take decisions in the best interests of the Scottish economy.\" Liam McArthur, of the Liberal Democrats, said: \"It's been fascinating to watch Labour and the SNP try to outdo each other in sounding sceptical about fracking, which they both support.\" Green MSP Alison Johnstone welcomed the Scottish government's move, but added: \"A moratorium is only a delay or a suspension.\" On Monday, MPs overwhelmingly rejected a House of Commons amendment calling for a fracking moratorium by 308 votes to 52. The UK government has agreed to tighten the restrictions on where the process can take place, with an outright ban on the activity in national parks, sites of special interest and areas of national beauty. Full powers over fracking are to be devolved to the Scottish Parliament, after the Smith Commission on strengthening Holyrood recommended it should get control over onshore licensing and mineral access rights. A spokesman from the Department of Energy and Climate Change said: \"Any decision on whether shale developments can occur in Scotland is and always has been a matter for the Scottish government. The Scottish government has substantial control of onshore oil and gas activities through planning controls and environmental regulation as these are devolved. \"The government continues to carefully consider applications received as part of the 14th onshore licensing round. These include applications for licences in Scotland.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Steffan MessengerBBC Wales Environment Correspondent The UK Government - having already commissioned an independent review of the scheme's feasibility - says it has now done the number crunching. So is the Swansea Bay proposal \"twice as expensive\" as Hinkley Point C as ministers have repeatedly claimed in recent months? We understand that interpretation is based on adding up the capital costs - the upfront spending - on the entire fleet of six lagoons the developers are planning around the UK coastline. It is thought to be in the region of £50bn while the bill for building the new nuclear plant at Hinkley currently stands at £20.3bn. The reason they have included all six schemes in their calculations is that added together they would supply roughly the same amount of power as Hinkley C - around 7-8% of the UK's electricity demand. The Swansea Bay lagoon itself would have been the initial test of the technology, costing £1.3bn to build and generating enough electricity for 120,000 homes. Supporters of the project would argue that looking at things this way does not take into account the long life of the lagoons, which could still be generating electricity after 120 years. The Hinkley plant has a life expectancy of 60 years. Indeed, former energy minister Charles Hendry - who carried out the review into tidal lagoons - warned of an \"in-built bias\" towards nuclear and other renewable technologies such as wind and solar if calculations around cost did not take into account the full operating life of the projects. But given that the vast majority of the capital costs would be paid for by private investors anyway, why is the government so concerned? It is because the companies backing the lagoon will not release funds until the developers have secured a contract with ministers guaranteeing them a specific price for the electricity produced. And the so-called strike price that Tidal Lagoon Power (TLP) had asked for was highly unusual. They had wanted a commitment over a long time period - up to 90 years - starting off at a very high price per megawatt hour of electricity generated. It led to fears the government would tie itself in to supporting this innovative scheme for decades during which energy priorities might change and cheaper, more effective technologies could emerge. In recent weeks, different figures have been touted - including a suggestion that the company could make the lagoon work for a similar strike price as was agreed with Hinkley Point C. First Minister Carwyn Jones wrote to Business Secretary Greg Clark on 5 June stating that a £200m equity and/or loan investment from Welsh Government would allow for a contract on the same terms as was offered to Hinkley Point C - £92.50 per megawatt hour over a 35-year term. But at a committee hearing a few weeks previously, MPs had questioned whether this amounted to adding a further subsidy from the Welsh Government on top of what would be offered from Westminster. TLP denied this, but their chief executive Mark Shorrock admitted that without the Welsh Government's involvement a strike price closer to £150 megawatt per hour would be required. You might like these stories too: Why is Hinkley C seen as so important? MPs criticise UK government clean energy policies Low carbon energy 'is cutting customers' bills' Renewable energy projects 'stopped in their tracks' Consider the £57.50 per megawatt hour handed out to the latest offshore wind farms and you get to the heart of UK ministers' reluctance to do a deal with TLP. We understand that they are also not convinced that future, larger lagoons would deliver the kinds of reduction in strike price that TLP have predicted. Burnt by widespread criticism for the deal made with Hinkley Point C's developers, it is no surprise that the UK government appears to be putting affordability front and centre of its energy policy. It has already stated publicly that it would not offer another contract with that level of subsidy. Mr Clark, in his Commons statement, said he had been advised that: Behind the scenes, ministers say they have been talking to other companies which claim they can deliver similar tidal projects for a cheaper price though sources suggest these discussions are in the early stages. Once wedded to TLP's vision to the point of including the Swansea Bay scheme in the Conservatives's general election manifesto in 2015, they now seem to have fallen firmly out of love with the lagoon. The scheme's many champions though say ministers are making a \"historic mistake\" in turning their backs on this project, pointing to the urgent need to decarbonise the UK's energy supply if legally binding carbon emission targets are to be met."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It was the most difficult decision Kelvin Imasuen ever made - he would risk everything in a bid to reach Europe. \"I just had the belief I would get there,\" he told me, sitting outside his mother's dilapidated home on the outskirts of Benin City. But he was to learn the cost of the dangerous journey in the most devastating way. Kelvin hoped to go to university, but after his father died the family was plunged into poverty. Kelvin was barely scraping together a living working at a building site. He was earning at most $2 (£1.55) a day and he says he could not afford the university fees. Instead, like tens of thousands of other Nigerians hoping to reach Europe, the 26-year-old along with his sister, Augustina, boarded a mini-bus to the north of the country. Once they arrived in the city of Kano they crossed into Niger and reached the main trafficking hub of Agadez, the gateway to the Sahara. Kelvin told me they sewed dollar notes into their clothes so that even if soldiers and border-guards robbed them they would not lose all their cash. He saw migrants die in the desert. \"People were just collapsing,\" he said. \"There was no food and no water. There were too many people packed into the jeeps that took us through the desert.\" Despite the dangers, Kelvin and his sister pushed on, in search of a better life. Like many Nigerians they were in search of jobs and opportunities. Finally, they reached the Libyan Coast. Europe, their dream destination, was just a boat ride away. One night, last July, hundreds of migrants were loaded onto inflatable boats on a Libyan beach. According to Kelvin it was chaotic. Gunfire broke out after the traffickers argued. He said four migrants were shot dead. \"There were about 150 people in each boat. They were overloaded.\" He was in one inflatable, his sister in another. As the boats pushed out into the darkness of the Mediterranean, it was the last time he would ever see her. Augustina drowned after her boat capsized. The 28-year-old nurse left behind a young daughter. \"She was a jovial person,\" Kelvin told me. \"She loved everyone. She was making about $15 a month. It was not enough for her to pay for her daughter's school fees.\" Their mother, Charity, still cannot accept her daughter is not coming back. \"I would have asked her not to go,\" she said. \"I still don't know whether she is alive or dead.\" Meanwhile, Kelvin had a lucky escape. Along with dozens of other migrants, he bobbed about in the Mediterranean Sea for four days after their engine failed. Eventually, the Libyan coastguard rescued them. The authorities detained Kelvin before the International Organization of Migration (IOM) returned him back to Nigeria. While Kelvin and Augustina never made it to Europe almost 40,000 Nigerians crossed the Mediterranean on rickety boats last year, the third highest number from any nation. Europe may now be focused on migrants coming from Syria and Afghanistan but the increasing number of migrants from Nigeria and other African nations is seen as the biggest long-term challenge. Germany unveiled what it called a Marshall Plan for Africa to support economic development in countries in a bid to slow the flow of migrants. The fact that the policy is echoing the Marshall Plan - an American aid project that helped rebuild European nations shattered by the World War Two - highlights how seriously Germany views the problem. But critics say Germany's plan, which promises more development aid tied to reforms such as fighting corruption and greater private sector investment on the continent, falls short of expectations. The challenges are immense. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, is suffering from its worst economic crisis in decades. Its current population of 170 million is projected to double in the next 30 years meaning the problems of poverty and unemployment are likely to become more acute unless things improve radically. \"The frustration is higher now that it was before,\" says Osita Osemene who runs the NGO, Patriotic Citizens Initiatives, which warns migrants about the dangers of trying to reach Europe across the Sahara. \"There are lot more people now involved in recruiting migrants. They only tell them the success stories. \"As long as there is unemployment and poverty in this country the migrants won't stop.\" Following his failed attempt to reach Europe, Kelvin now hopes to start up a small printing business. But his six-year-old niece, Lovely, still asks when her mum is coming home. \"I keep on telling her not to worry,\" said Kelvin. He cannot bring himself to tell her the truth. Given all he has been through, he has this advice for those thinking about setting out to Europe \"I would tell them not to go by land,\" he said. \"If they have money they should start their business here. There are too many dangers on the journey to Europe.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"They were reportedly caught as they were leaving the northern town of Arlit before dawn in five different vehicles. The migrants - mainly men, with some women and a few children - are believed to be from Nigeria and Niger. It comes days after 92 migrants were found to have died of thirst after two trucks broke down carrying them across the Sahara to Algeria. Niger lies on a major migrant route between sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. Those arrested on Saturday are now reportedly being arrested by police in Arlit. 'Criminal activities' The government announced on Friday a plan to close illegal camps in northern Niger - which it referred to as \"ghettos\" - and said those involved in trafficking migrants would be \"severely punished\". The country has been holding three days of mourning after the bodies of 52 children, 33 women and seven men were discovered on Wednesday. Another five from the same convoy had been found several days earlier by the army. Most of the dead were from the southern Niger district of Kantche. The government said in its statement on Friday that the tragedy was \"the result of criminal activities led by all types of trafficking networks\". About 5,000 African migrants are said to be currently stranded in illegal camps in the northern town of Agadez alone. Most of these migrants - having paid large sums of money to traffickers - are waiting to cross the hundreds of kilometres of desert into Libya or Algeria, from where they can take boats to Europe in the hope of a better life there. Niger has said that migrants found to be in the illegal camps will be handed over to international aid agencies. The head of the International Office for Migration in Niger, Abibatou Wane, has welcomed the action by the government but warned migrants should only be repatriated to their home countries on a voluntary basis. Migration routes across the Sahara desert"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"Starting any business is not easy because it's difficult to get money at the beginning,\" Penina tells me. Most entrepreneurs would tell you that. But imagine how much harder it is when you are living in a refugee settlement in northern Uganda, having escaped war. \"It's not easy for the refugees to even get money,\" she continues. \"You see, they sell their own things like beans, they pay you with [cooking] oil, because there's nothing, there's no money.\" Penina fled South Sudan with her four children. She didn't want to. \"I was not going to leave because I love my country, I love my home,\" she says. \"But the worst thing is when I saw a woman and a child being killed. How could I, as a woman, continue to stay in South Sudan when such things are happening, when women and children are being killed?\" Her husband stayed behind. She says he refused to come and, for a short while, they communicated by phone. But his number no longer works and she doesn't know what has happened. 'Use your brain' According to the United Nations refugee agency, the UNHCR, around 85% of the more than one million South Sudanese refugees now in Uganda are women and children. They do get some help from the UN, the international aid agencies and the Ugandan government. They are given plots of land - wild bush land - which they have to clear and build shelters on and, when they can, grow vegetables in. They are also given plastic sheeting to construct their homes with, some cooking utensils and food rations. However, a lack of international help has meant that in the last year those monthly food hand-outs have been cut, and many refugees we met complained that the food does not actually last the month. That is where Penina has an advantage. She has a skill. She was a hairdresser back in Yei, in South Sudan, and she has brought that skill with her. She has also been a refugee in Uganda before, in the late 1990s, when there was fighting between north and south Sudan. It means she knows how things work in Uganda and she has a network of local friends. Uganda's refugee influx Uganda saw the largest number of refugees of any other country in 2016, UN figures show. 'Why I gave my land to a refugee' Is Uganda the best place to be a refugee? Uganda hosts 1m South Sudan refugees One in particular, who helped her set up her hair salon in Imvepi refugee settlement. The salon is, in fact, a shack made of wooden poles and UNHCR plastic sheeting. Hanging from the poles are pictures of hairstyles and an assortment of hair extensions. There is also a large poster of Jesus Christ. When I ask Penina where her energy comes from, she looks to the sky. \"That's God,\" she says. I point out that it is her too. \"Yes,\" she replies. \"But you have to use your brain. God has given me all this. I have to use my brain to do something, rather than stay idle.\" She says business is slow. Sometimes the only way for her to make money, so that she can buy the things she needs for her business, is to take those food rations the refugees give her in payment and to sell them, to get some cash. \"What can we do? It's the condition we are in.\" But her salon has proved therapeutic. \"It's good when you just chat together,\" she explains. \"You forget about the stresses and other things in South Sudan, the bad things people were doing.\" 'Business is booming' Not far away, I come across a young man surrounded by piles of charcoal, which crunches underfoot. It is widely used by both refugees and Ugandans for cooking. \"Business is booming in the refugee camp,\" says Abdul Karim Ali, a lively 25-year-old Ugandan. He comes from the local town, Arua, which in the rainy season can be about an hour-and-a-half away, driving along muddy roads. He explains how the South Sudanese refugees \"cure\" the charcoal and he buys it from them, then transports it back to town to sell at a profit. \"Charcoal is very expensive in town. But, due to the conditions, they sell it cheaply,\" he says of the refugees. \"Some even sell their own stuff, the things given to them by the UN. We get a lot of profit from them.\" Yet that is a dangerous business, he tells me. The Ugandan government does not like people profiting from the goods handed out by the UN and the police could arrest you if they find you trading in refugee items. \"But we still buy,\" insists Mr Ali. \"In business sometimes you win, sometimes you lose.\" His positivity is infectious. \"Look around,\" he tells me. \"We are all mixed up in the market, South Sudanese and Ugandan, doing business so that we can survive better.\" It is true. Swathes of the north Ugandan countryside are being transformed. It is part of the reason why the Ugandan government has been so welcoming to the refugees. What was unproductive bush land in a poor region is being cleared, markets are sprouting up in the settlements and small businesses are growing roots. With little sign of peace returning to South Sudan anytime soon, the refugees have to make new lives for themselves. And some local Ugandans are benefiting too. Find out more on the BBC's Global Business programme"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Kate ForbesBBC News Around half of the UK's abortion providers now have regular demonstrations outside, according to one of the main campaign groups. The protesters, who sometimes hold placards with graphic imagery, say they are defending the unborn. The displaying of these type of placards is what usually happens at the similar demonstrations in the US. A debate between abortion providers, MPs and anti-abortion groups exists over \"buffer zones\" that would stop protests from being immediately outside clinics. Dr Graeme Hayes, co-author of the research, said: \"The voices of women (visiting the clinics) have been missing from the debate. For the first time we are bringing data that goes beyond anecdotal comment. \"We can't say it's representative of all women, but we now have not just one or two voices but more than 200.\" 'I'm being judged' The research, funded by Aston University, cannot claim to represent the views of all women patients. Responses ranged from reports of being made to cry or having a panic attack, to saying it made \"a hard situation worse\". Eight women said they were followed and one reported an attempt to prevent her from getting to her car. One woman said of an activist: \"She was very aggressive and my daughter, who had been composed, cried.\" Another said: \"It made me scared to come in and I was physically shaking.\" The responses from women who chose to comment about the protests as part of their general feedback about treatment were gathered by BPAS (the British Pregnancy Advisory service) and then analysed by the team at Aston University. The report's co-author Dr Pam Lowe has spoken at BPAS events but does not work for them. She said: \"Women felt it was an invasion of healthcare privacy, shown by quotes like: 'I felt very angry as I am being judged by a stranger'.\" Different tactics No one group has been singled out by the research and not all groups who campaign against abortion are the same. Isabel Vaughan-Spruce runs the Birmingham branch of the American 40 Days for Life campaign. She says that her group offers advice such as: \"We're outside the clinic to witness, not harass. We work within the law. We feel we offer a different path, in the spirit of love and I have recently had a young woman change her mind.\" Ms Vaughan-Spruce added that she has also offered women support after their abortions. The BBC asked staff at clinics across England how they were affected and received replies in writing. One said: \"I never used to have a problem walking past people demonstrating but things have changed. It now invades every moment of my working day. \"Passers-by were appalled by the protest and became involved. Four afternoons in one week the police were called (not by us) and had to ask people to disperse.\" Graphic images One group, Abort67, uses leaflets and graphic posters outside clinics. In Southwark, a man sympathised but said the images were not suitable for public display. He said: \"If I was walking past with my seven-year-old son, I'd be angry.\" Activist Aisling Hubert said the graphic pictures were necessary: \"We want to educate people about what really happens during an abortion.\" Abort67, which has links with US organisations, have protestors with small cameras on their chests, which film women entering the clinic, as well as passers-by. \"These are to record our behaviour and protect us from false accusations,\" explains spokesperson Ruth Rawlins. The group condemns any form of violence or illegal activity. Just over half of the 184,571 procedures in England and Wales per year are medical, rather than surgical, which means pills are taken to end the pregnancy. This means that treatment is in GP surgeries or smaller clinics, which are easily accessible to protestors. While the methods used vary hugely, anti-abortion activists say their presence remains necessary to \"protect the unborn child\". The campaign group Good Counsel say they believe their protests, which they call vigils, work to change women's minds. Dr Hayes said: \"What is interesting is that it didn't seem to matter who was outside the clinic. It was just the presence that women found upsetting.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Last year, pro-life protesters lost a legal challenge against the UK's first buffer zone implemented around a clinic in Dr Huq's constituency. Ealing Council said a 100-metre exclusion zone at the Marie Stopes centre had been put in place after women complained of being intimidated. The protesters said they were providing help to those visiting the clinic. The British Pregnancy Advisory Service says following the easing of coronavirus lockdown measures, five clinics across the country have been targeted by protests. Speaking in the House of Commons, Dr Huq said lockdown \"had provided some respite\" from protesters but \"now they are at it again.\" She told MPs that staff at her local clinic reported \"being hounded themselves\" while women missed appointments or turned up in tears. She said women did not need \"to be met by lifelike medically inaccurate foetus dolls and graphic images, to be handed misleading literature, be called \"Mum\" and told they'd go to hell\". Although Ealing Council has managed to legally remove anti-abortion protesters Dr Huq says this is \"only temporary\" and will need reviewing next spring. She added that the process for implementing and defending the ban in court can cost six figure sums. \"Councils do have enough on their plate without having to find time and resources to implement such bans,\" she said. The bill was opposed by Conservative Fiona Bruce who described the proposed law as \"dangerous... with potentially far-reaching implications\". \"Not only freedom of speech could be threatened, but also freedom of assembly, freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, the right to peaceably protest, the right to receive information.\" She added: \"Everyone has the right to free speech within the law - this includes the right to say things which, though lawful, others may find disturbing or upsetting.\" MPs voted to approve the bill at the first stage by 213 votes to 47, however unless it secures government support it is unlikely to become law. A Home Office spokesman said: \"The right to protest is a vital part of a democratic society, but it is completely unacceptable that anyone should feel harassed or intimidated, and we are clear we expect the police to take action in such cases. \"There are already powers in place for police and local authorities to restrict harmful protests and the previous home secretary (Sajid Javid) asked the police to work closely with abortion services, to ensure that all those visiting these services are not subjected to harassment or intimation.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It is the first private clinic to offer early medical abortions to women in Northern Ireland under strict legal controls. A former leader of the Progressive Unionist Party, Ms Purvis has been director of the clinic since it was launched in 2012. Ms Purvis, who will step down on 24 April, said it was \"time to move on\". She will take on a new role on the clinic's Northern Ireland advisory board. Last November, anti-abortion protester Bernadette Smyth, who leads the Precious Life group, was convicted of harassing Ms Purvis at the Marie Stopes office in Belfast city centre. 'Myths and stereotypes' Ms Purvis told the BBC that had had no influence on her decision to step down. \"I think the clinic's well established here now, we're providing services more and more every year and I'm delighted to be remaining on the advisory board for the clinic. \"But I feel it's time to move on and I think it's time for Marie Stopes to get someone else in to manage the clinic and take it to new places,\" she said. \"At times it was difficult, particularly last year with the court case and the harassment, but I put that behind me and have concentrated on delivering services for women in Ireland both north and south. \"I think I've achieved a significant historical change in the perception of abortion in Northern Ireland from where the usual narrative was that abortion was illegal in Northern Ireland to now one where people understand that abortion is legal under certain circumstances. \"I think we've challenged the myths and stereotypes that are presented by those who are opposed to a woman's right to chose.\" Genevieve Edwards, director of policy for Marie Stopes UK, said: \"We were so lucky to have Dawn and wish her every success in whatever she chooses to do. \"The support for the clinic since it opened in very challenging circumstances has been heartening and a source of great comfort and pride for our staff and volunteers. \"We are now actively recruiting for Dawn's successor to lead us into the next phase of the clinic's journey.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Daniel GallasBBC South America Business correspondent Suddenly the evening calm was broken by the spine-chilling announcement from warning sirens. \"Attention, this is a real emergency. A dam has just broken, evacuate immediately from your homes, follow the exit route to a safe place and wait for further instructions.\" The whole place went into panic mode as tourists and residents got into their cars and clogged the town's narrow streets. Some left all of their belongings behind. Just two weeks earlier, in neighbouring Brumadinho, an earth embankment tailings dam operated by Brazilian mining giant Vale had broken, killing 308 people. It was the worst industrial disaster in Brazil's history. Everyone in Macacos thought the same thing was about to happen. False alarm But it was a false alarm. Vale had detected a problem in the dams and decided to sound the alert, but the dams hadn't actually been breached. Fortunately no lives were lost, but Macacos has still been affected. This had been a paradise-like district for wealthy tourists, with high-end restaurants and elegant hotels. It used to be fully booked all year, but now that everybody is more aware of the tailings dams in the area, nobody wants to come here. Hotel reservations have been cancelled and its most prestigious restaurant has shut down. I visited Macacos just after Carnival week, which is usually the busiest time of the year. Most residents in lower-lying areas have had to abandon their homes. Among the few still left are business owners. But they don't know whether to wait for things to change or restart their lives and businesses elsewhere. \"Our economy is over, business owners will not be able to make a living any more. All the peace and quiet we had of waking up in a safe place, is gone,\" Geruza França, who owns Café Judith, tells me. All her savings from years of working in Europe were put into her café and properties around Macacos. \"My café was my dream. I don't know what will happen to it now. I keep thinking: did I lose my entire dream overnight? It's like someone came and snatched it all away.\" Leonardo Batista, who runs the Pousada Kumaru hostel, argues that most of the district is on higher ground and would not be affected by any dam break, but he doesn't know whether businesses will be able to convince the tourists to come back. Safety 'revolution' Macacos is one of dozens of districts and towns in Brazil's Minas Gerais state that are feeling the effects of the Brumadinho tragedy. In the aftermath of the disaster, mining practices are finally being overhauled. Vale and other firms, alongside local authorities, are working to eliminate the risks of further tragedies by decommissioning 50 tailings dams - draining the water from them. After years of inaction, things are now moving. I recently visited five such dams in Minas Gerais and saw work being done in all but one. But there are economic consequences as well. The work will take three years to finish and mining activity is being severely disrupted, with Vale having to halt production in some mines. Having unsafe mining would be catastrophic; having no mining at all is economically devastating. \"We don't want Vale to stop mining here but we don't want to be the ones to pay for their problems,\" says mayor of Itabirito, Alex Salvador. In his town, 65% of its revenues come from Vale operations that have now stopped due to court orders. He is already having to plan cuts in education, health and public cleaning. On top of that there are safety concerns. Should the two dams near Itabirito break, the town would be hit within a few hours. Just a few days after Brumadinho, the town's authorities came up with an evacuation plan. Itabirito now has signs pointing to escape routes and meeting points on high ground. Warning sirens will be installed next month. Global consequences The problems of Minas Gerais and Vale are not just affecting local economies. Global iron ore prices have soared since January, as Vale is the world's number one producer - and Minas Gerais state accounts for 45% of its iron ore output. Iron ore was trading at $74 a tonne before Brumadinho. It reached $95 a tonne immediately afterwards and is now about $85 a tonne. Analysts say prices will remain high for some months, as many questions remain. How much will Vale have to pay in compensation and fines? Will new mining regulations increase production costs? In a few months, these disruptions will start pushing up the costs of steel and construction worldwide. Yet because Vale is such a powerful player in global commodities, it is actually benefiting financially from this supply disruption. Immediately after the disaster it saw some $19bn wiped off its share value. But as no other firm has the capability to take over Vale's market share, the iron ore price rise is now working to its advantage. Even with drastic production cuts, Vale shares are now at the same level as they were shortly before the tragedy, increasing the anger felt by communities claiming reparation from the firm. Stricter control One thing is virtually unanimous amongst iron ore experts: Brazil needs stricter control of its mining practices, and decommissioning the tailings dams is a matter of urgency. Brazilian authorities are still investigating the causes of the Brumadinho tragedy. Some Vale executives have been arrested and questioned, but no one has yet been charged. Earlier this month Vale's chief executive Fabio Schvartsman stepped down after a disastrous appearance in Congress where he told MPs that \"Vale is a Brazilian jewel\" and \"should not be condemned\" for what he described as \"an accident\". Vale executives declined a BBC request for an interview. In a statement the company said it is \"100% focused on supporting those affected and responding to the dam break\". Apart from decommissioning mines, Vale has made donations to those affected and organising relocation for those in areas at risk. Back in Macacos, where local business owners are desperately looking for answers from Vale, there is still much anger and little faith in the company. Geruza França is now thinking about closing down her café. What she can't understand is how such a powerful company caused so much destruction in so many people's lives. \"How can these executives behave like this? I don't think they are made of flesh and blood. I think they are made of iron ore.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The region has been hit by more than 350 aftershocks, the worst of which struck on Thursday. The latest tremor had a magnitude of 5.9 or 6.2, according to monitors. It brought down some buildings. Rescue workers are still digging through rubble and trying to get aid to survivors of the earlier, larger quake. Officials said of the latest death toll: \"This number will continue increasing as rescue teams continue to find victims under collapsed buildings.\" Indonesia's chief security minister had earlier said 319 people had died, while local media have reported figures as high as 347. But national disaster agency spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho told the BBC that only 259 deaths had been verified. The Red Cross says that Sunday's incident was \"exceptionally destructive\". Some villages had \"completely collapsed\", said a Red Cross official in Lombok, Christopher Rassi. The government says more than 1,400 people were injured and more than 270,000 displaced. The new tremor on Thursday hit off the north-west coast of Lombok, sending people running into the streets in panic. No tsunami warning was issued. 'I ran as fast as I could' By Mehulika Sitepu, BBC News, Mataram More than 350 aftershocks have struck since the quake on Sunday. Usually it feels like the ground is gently swaying. But Thursday's aftershock was different. In my third-floor hotel room in Mataram, the island's capital, windows smashed, walls cracked and the ceiling started to collapse. I ran as fast as I could, barefoot, taking nothing with me. The stairs shook as I ran from the building into the street outside, where people were crying. Their fear was clearly visible. Sturdy buildings such as my hotel, in the north of Lombok and 13km (8 miles) from the epicentre, can withstand such shocks. But the rickety houses where many islanders live cannot. This is why so many people here are now homeless. Mr Sutopo classified it as an aftershock. A British tourist on nearby Bali told the BBC that it had been felt there, causing people to leave their hotel rooms in the southern resort area of Seminyak. Emergency workers are gradually starting to reach more remote areas of Lombok as they continue their rescue missions. But Mr Sutopo said some areas in the north had still not received any aid. Lombok is a roughly 4,500 sq km (1,700 sq miles) island east of the slightly larger island of Bali. Most people live in basic housing in small communities. Tens of thousands are now sleeping out in the open or in the ruins of their homes. \"We are still waiting for assessments from some of the more remote areas in the north of the island, but it is already clear that Sunday's earthquake was exceptionally destructive,\" said Mr Rassi. \"I visited villages yesterday that were completely collapsed,\" he added, while other teams in East and North Lombok had reported villages where 75% of homes were damaged. With hospitals and clinics also affected, many of the injured have had to be treated in the open air or in makeshift clinics. Sunday's quake came only days after a slightly smaller one, which killed at least 16 people. There are growing concerns that the important tourism industry will be badly hit at what should be a busy time. Thousands of tourists visiting Lombok - as well as the nearby Gili Islands and Bali - have been evacuated or have chosen to leave since the weekend. \"We've had light earthquakes in the past, but never anything like this,\" hotel chain owner Marcel De Rijk told Reuters news agency. \"We've lost a lot of bookings and future guests are in wait-and-see mode. I don't think people will choose Lombok anymore this summer.\" The quake struck at 19:46 local time (11:46 GMT) on Sunday at a fairly shallow depth of 31km (19 miles). Indonesia is prone to earthquakes because it lies on the Ring of Fire - the line of frequent quakes and volcanic eruptions that circles virtually the entire Pacific rim. More than half of the world's active volcanoes above sea level are part of the ring."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The city, in Amazonas state, has seen a surge of deaths and infections. Health professionals, quoted by local media, warned \"many people\" could die due to lack of supplies and assistance. Brazil has recorded more than 205,000 virus deaths - the second-highest tally in the world, behind the US. A new coronavirus variant has recently emerged in Brazil, with several cases in travellers arriving in Japan traced back to the Amazonas region. Amazonas suffered heavy losses in the first wave of the pandemic but is also being badly hit by a new rise in infections. Refrigerated containers were brought to hospitals to help store bodies last week, as authorities declared a state of emergency. Jessem Orellana, from the Fiocruz-Amazonia scientific investigation institute, told the AFP news agency that some hospitals in Manaus had \"run out of oxygen\" with some centres becoming \"a type of suffocation chamber\" for patients. The researcher told Brazilian media she had received reports from the front-line of \"dramatic\" scenes playing out in some hospitals. Reports in the daily Folha de Sao Paulo newspaper described desperate staff having to try to keep patients alive through manual ventilation. In a widely shared video from the region, a female medical worker asks the internet for help: \"We're in an awful state. Oxygen has simply run out across the whole unit today.\" \"There is no oxygen and lots of people are dying,\" she says in the clip. \"If anyone has any oxygen, please bring it to the clinic. There are so many people dying.\" Amazonas Governor Wilson Lima said the state was \"in the most critical moment of the pandemic\" and has announced a nightly curfew will begin at 19:00 local time (23:00 GMT) on Friday to try to stem the spread. Marcellus Campelo, a local health secretary, said the state needed three times the amount of oxygen it can produce locally and appealed for help. Brazil's vice-president shared images on Twitter of the air force transporting hospital supplies, including oxygen cylinders and stretchers, to the city as reports of the situation spread throughout the country. Health officials also say some patients will be airlifted to other states for treatment due to the demand for intensive care units, Reuters reports. Felipe Naveca, deputy director of research at the state-run Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, told the BBC's South America correspondent Katy Watson that the new variant had evolved separately from those in the UK and South Africa, but that it showed some of the same characteristics: \"Some of these mutations have been linked to increased transmission and that is of concern.\" Mr Naveca said that they did not yet have any data to suggest that existing vaccines would be any less effective against the new variant. \"We have to do a lot more sequencing of samples to answer that question,\" he said. However, on Thursday UK officials announced a ban on travellers from South America, Portugal and Cape Verde due to the new strain."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dr Gillian Richardson, the doctor leading the rollout described getting the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine to people across Wales as a \"huge task\". She originally said there would be 40,000 doses but the Welsh Government later said it expected to reach that figure by the second week of January. Meanwhile Public Health Wales said 35,335 people had had the Pfizer jab. When asked how long the rollout of the latest vaccine would take, Dr Richardson told BBC Radio Wales Breakfast: \"We can only give it at the rate at which it arrives, so some of that is not predictable with some of the international players in the vaccine manufacturing world but of course with Oxford we have a lot more control. \"So, by the time the Oxford-AstraZeneca is manufactured using a good steady flow, we'll be able to give you some of those predictions, but just now what we can say is we are doing those that are most vulnerable first, and we will get to everybody in their turn - please bear with us.\" She also said it was \"excellent news\" the two doses could be administered up to 12 weeks apart, meaning more people could get their first jab sooner. She urged people to follow Wales' coronavirus restrictions as they celebrate new year: \"Please for everybody - take extra care. \"That 'hands, face, space' message is really important, especially tonight, celebrate safely and enjoy yourself safely. \"It's going to be a while before we see vaccine turn the corner on those hospitalisations.\" Dr Helen Alefounder, a GP in Colwyn Bay, Conwy county, said she had not been told what date she would be administering the jab from, but planning was in full swing. Residents in Wales vaccinated by heath board, to 27 December 5,487Aneurin Bevan 4,604Betsi Cadwaladr 5,706Cardiff & Vale 4,789Cwm Taf Morgannwg 5,276 + 3,250Hywel Dda and Powys 5,285Swansea Bay She said: \"It's not just as simple as somebody turning up and having a vaccination, it's everything else that has to be considered with it. \"Logistically it's a huge, huge ask. \"However, we do it every year for flu, so we really have a good background knowledge of everything that we need to do and everything we need to provide. \"It's just simple things like making sure that there's places for people to park and making sure that you can maintain social distancing and making sure that you can allow people time to sit afterwards after their vaccine in case of reactions.\" Situation 'extremely serious' Health boards across Wales are warning that despite the hope offered by the Covid vaccines, hospitals are under relentless pressure in this latest wave of infections. On Thursday, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board announced it would cease all non-urgent surgery and outpatient appointments in January. It follows similar decisions to halt non-urgent treatment at the Swansea Bay and Aneurin Bevan health boards earlier in December. \"This is to redeploy staff in support of urgent and emergency care, including critical care,\" said Steve Curry, the chief operating officer of Cardiff and Vale. The board said it had also opened a new \"surge facility\" at the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff. \"The additional Lakeside Wing bed capacity will be used to support demand in the coming weeks,\" added Mr Curry. The medical director at neighbouring Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board said all its sites \"remain under significant pressure with unprecedented demand\". \"This is extremely challenging for out staff,\" said Nick Lyons. \"We currently have more than 600 suspected, confirmed or recovering Covid-19 patients in our hospitals and ITUs across our sites are over capacity. The situation is extremely serious.\" Dr Dai Samuel, a consultant hepatologist at the Royal Glamorgan Hospital in Llantrisant, Rhondda Cynon Taf, has been working on Covid wards during the pandemic. He said the rollout of a second vaccine was good news, but urged people to still follow restrictions: \"The position with the vaccine is very good but we are in an acute situation. \"It's very difficult across the NHS. We are teetering on the brink. A few days of bad luck can bring us to our knees. It's very challenging. \"I just say [to people], carry on listening to what you have been told for months.\" More than 35,000 people have now received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in Wales, including people such as healthcare workers who work in Wales but live over the border in England. Almost 13,000 of these vaccines were given in the past week. Plaid Cymru has called on the Welsh Government to ask the UK government to publish evidence to justify increasing the period between the two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine from 21 days to 12 weeks. In a letter to the Health Minister Vaughan Gething, the party's health spokesman Rhun ap Iorwerth said the \"sudden switch\" represented \"a very significant departure\" from previous guidelines. He added there were \"very real concerns\" that a longer delay between doses \"could significantly decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine\". The Welsh Conservatives criticised the speed of the rollout. Health spokesman Andrew RT Davies said: \"Three weeks ago, the first Covid-19 vaccine was given in Wales, and since that time we have sadly seen confusion and hope drop away. \"Many people over 80 in Wales were desperately waiting for their appointment to do their bit and have the vaccine but as we quickly learnt they would have to wait longer,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"GPs can give the needle-free vaccine to healthy two and three year olds from September across England, Wales and Scotland. Eleven and 12 year olds will be offered the spray at school. The programme will be rolled out initially to 100,000 children in Wales. Wales' chief medical officer said it could stop flu spreading. The vaccine is given as a nasal spray squirted up each nostril. Experts say it has advantages as, apart from being needle-free, the spray works better than the injected flu vaccine in children. The flu vaccine injection will continue to be offered to over-65s, pregnant woman and adults with long-term medical conditions. Apart from protecting the individual the vaccination is seen as a way to achieve 'herd immunity' as it stops the spread of the illness from children to others that are vulnerable to flu such as babies and older people. 'Herd immunity' Chief medical officer for Wales Dr Ruth Hussey said the nasal spray flu vaccine would be offered to healthy two and three-year-old children at their GP practice, while the 11 and 12-year-old pupils would be offered it in schools. \"Flu is an unpleasant illness at any age and can cause fever, chills, aching muscles, headaches and tiredness amongst other symptoms and, for some, result in hospitalisation,\" she said. \"The flu virus spreads easily among children as they are less aware of good hand hygiene or using tissues. \"Vaccination can help to stop the spread by protecting individuals and creating herd immunity.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Jamila Azad, who has been elected to both Oxfordshire County Council and Oxford City Council, has since removed the post from her Facebook page. The government said jabs were only allowed to be administered by the NHS. Ms Azad said she did not want to comment. However, her family said she received the vaccine through the NHS. Labour has said she has not been suspended from the party but will effectively sit as an independent councillor while an investigation is carried out. The original Facebook post showed Ms Azad and another woman receiving injections from a man in medical scrubs and PPE, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service (LDRS). The comment said it was a \"Private Care Doctor for Covid 19 vaccine\" It added: \"A long wait for NHS waiting list. We had take away from Akber take away.\" It is unclear where Ms Azad may have received the vaccine. According to The Department of Health and Social Care, it would be illegal to administer vaccines outside of the NHS. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, which would be responsible for any enforcement action, said it was investigating. Lynda Scammell from the agency said: \"Vaccines that are not authorised for use in UK, and if purchased from outside the legitimate NHS supply route, cannot be guaranteed to meet standards of quality, safety and effectiveness.\" Councillors Susan Brown and Liz Brighouse, the leaders of the Labour groups at Oxford City Council and Oxfordshire County Council respectively, issued a joint statement in relation to the post. It said: \"Following a recent post on her Facebook account about her Covid-19 vaccination, Councillor Jamila Azad has been suspended by the whips of both the Oxfordshire County Council and Oxford City Council Labour groups, pending further investigation. \"Councillor Azad has now removed the post in question. \"We will be making no further comment on this matter until formal investigations into it have been completed.\" Councillor Craig Simmons, who leads the Greens at Oxford City Council, said Ms Azad would have breached the authority's code of conduct if she had paid for the vaccine privately. \"If [she] did indeed bypass the NHS and secure a vaccine from a private medical facility through illegal means then her position is untenable,\" he said. \"Principles such as selflessness, honesty and integrity are core to the code and Councillor Azad's behaviour, should the allegations be proven, would fall far short of what is expected and required of all councillors.\" Follow BBC South on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Department of Health and Social Care"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 88-year-old classical singer was affected by diabetes for the past thirty years. Born in 1916 in the southern temple town of Madurai, Subbulakshmi cut her first gramophone record at the age of ten and gave her stage performances. Gifted with a mellifluous voice, she later had recalled that she had to be physically carried while playing to the stage where she was to give a music performance. When she was fifteen she gave a memorable performance at the prestigious Music Academy of Madras and instantly she became famous drawing the admiration of great musicians,and connoisseurs. Noted Indian poetess Sarojini Naidu described her as the nightingale of India. She had acted in a few Tamil films but all of them were devotional films. India's most respected freedom fighter, Mahatma Gandhi used to ask her to sing her devotional songs during his prayer meetings. Her concerts featured songs in many Indian regional languages. Through her concerts she had collected funds for several causes, charities and temples. She had performed at the United Nations and at the Edinburgh festival. She had donated whatever she had earned including the coveted Magasasay award in charity. She had received several awards including the highest Indian civilian award, Bharat Ratna."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Amoo was a vocalist and songwriter with the pioneering Liverpool quartet. Friend Simon Sheridan said he had died suddenly in Australia and paid tribute to him as an \"inspirational character\". Sheridan told the BBC The Real Thing were \"huge pioneers of black music in the UK\" and the first all-black British band to have a UK number one single. That was You To Me Are Everything, which topped the charts in 1976. The song returned to the charts in 1986, when it reached number five. Amoo started his career leading Merseybeat a capella group The Chants in the 1960s. John Lennon was said to have championed them, and they were represented by The Beatles' manager Brian Epstein for a short time. After their demise, Amoo joined his younger brother Chris in The Real Thing. Their other hits included Can't Get By Without You, while French house duo The Freeloaders took them back into the charts in 2005 by sampling their song Love's Such a Wonderful Thing. Another of their tunes, Children of the Ghetto, was covered by artists including Philip Bailey and Mary J Blige. Sheridan, who has been making a documentary about the group, said Amoo's death was \"a complete shock\". He said: \"These were four working class boys from a tough neighbourhood, from Toxteth, and they completely changed the face of British music in 1976.\" A statement from the band said: \"It is with great sadness that we share the passing of our brother and inspiration, Eddy Amoo. \"Eddy was a showman, a songwriter, and a legend in British music.\" Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Mark SavageEntertainment reporter, BBC News The former X Factor runner-up has sold more than 13 million records, including four number one singles and two number one albums. What's more, he's been anointed by Sir Bob Geldof, who hand-picked him for the new Band Aid single and by Paul Weller, who wrote a song especially for him. \"It was very random,\" Murs says of the unlikely collaboration. \"I was at the Royal Albert Hall watching Paolo Nutini and we met backstage. I had a picture taken with Paul and he said: 'Are you doing your album right now? I'd love to send you a song.' \"Obviously, I didn't think he'd actually do it but the email came through the next day, and there was a song on it from him. It was amazing. The song, Let Me In, is the closing track of Murs' fourth album, Never Been Better. With its acoustic strum and impassioned vocals, it's a marked contrast to the lightweight pop that precedes it. But Murs insists he played a pivotal role in the song's creation. \"I heard the song and, to be honest with you, I wanted to put my stamp on it because, originally, it just sounded like Paul Weller - one of the songs from his albums. \"So I contacted him and said, 'look, can we work on it?' And we got a string quartet to come in and really went to town on the production. \"It was important for me to show Paul I'm a proper artist. I really wanted to put my stamp on the song and I think he really respected me for that.\" The anecdote speaks volumes: For all his success, Murs still craves the respect of his peers. It's something he addresses directly on his album's defiant title track. \"The world can't knock me down, I won't take defeat,\" he sings. \"I'm still around. Look who's winning now.\" At first, the singer is cagey about the song's lyrics. \"Is it a riposte? Potentially, yeah,\" he says. But he eventually acknowledges the song is aimed at critics who branded his previous records \"offensive\", \"bland\" and \"drably formulaic\". \"Regardless of what the press might write about me, or what people tweet about me, I'm still here, doing what I love. So I must be doing something right,\" he protests. He certainly is. Murs has sold 13 million records in five years and, in 2013, became the most-played artist on UK radio. His songs are throwaway, but he has a knack for distilling everyday feelings into three minutes of frisky disco-funk. While he may not possess the emotional depth of his mentor, Robbie Williams, both artists combine an end-of-pier likeability with cut-throat commercial nous. Murs' even confesses his current single, Wrapped Up, isn't his favourite song on the album - but he knew it was destined to be a smash. \"It was a song I knew my fans would absolutely love,\" he says. \"I could have come back with something completely fresh and different to what I've done before, but I felt like that was even more of a risk. \"I never want a fan of mine to pick up an album and go 'this sounds a bit different - this doesn't sound like what he's done before.' If there's a contradiction in his desire to be celebrated commercially and creatively, Murs doesn't see it. \"We all love good pop music, so why shy away from it?\" he reasons. \"I'm trying to make people have a good time.\" Now 30 years old, Oliver Stanley Murs was born and bred in Essex. The son of a toolmaker and an HR consultant, he was an average student who left school to play football semi-professionally for Witham Town. When his sports career was ended by a knee injury, he took a job in a call centre - first selling kitchens and then mortgages, before becoming an energy adviser. His life changed when he entered the X Factor in 2009, passing the auditions on his third attempt. Murs told the judges he wanted to become \"an international superstar\" and, although he ended up in second place, he's come closer to achieving that dream than that year's where-is-he-now winner, Joe McElderry. \"I've done everything I could've dreamt of and more,\" he says. Murs is relentlessly good-natured. He uses the words \"amazing\" and \"great\" as mere punctuation, and froths with enthusiasm about his new record - (\"I can't wait\" for \"my amazing fans\" to hear it, he says, over and over). He even remains good-natured when questioned about his non-identical twin brother, Ben. The siblings fell out in 2009, when X Factor commitments meant Olly missed his brother's wedding. Ben later sold his story to a newspaper, calling his brother \"self-obsessed\" and \"a sell-out\". They haven't spoken in years. \"He decided not to speak to my family or my parents ever again, and that's something he has to live with, not me,\" says Murs. \"At the end of the day, there's a mum involved in this who doesn't see one of her sons. That was his decision. \"I want to sort it out at some point but I felt it wasn't quite ready yet, you know? There's a lot more to it than people think.\" The paper that ran the original story was The News Of The World. Was Murs was pleased to see it close in the wake of the phone-hacking scandal? \"Not at all,\" he insists. \"If it wasn't that tabloid, it would have been another. It's part of my job.\" The 30-year-old has largely stayed out of the Daily Mail's \"sidebar of shame\". The one exception came in 2011, when he was caught on CCTV, lunging at a barman who'd been taunting him about X Factor. \"That was my own fault, really,\" he says. \"I got a number one with Please Let Me Go and I went to Malia with the lads. We all got drunk and had a bit of a laugh and a giggle, and we got a bit out of hand at times. \" I learnt from my mistakes. I thought I was still one of the lads that wasn't a singer or a pop star. \"I have to be very careful now about where I go now on holidays. You want to get out of the target range. As much as you think you're one of the people, there's always going to be some idiot who wants to take a pop at you. So you have to be careful. \"But, trust me, I do get myself in a pickle sometimes.\" For now, Murs is back in professional mode, with a full schedule right through to the end of his European tour next year. He puts his success down to hard work and an obsessive attention to detail: \"I've really studied these songs,\" he says, \"I've listened to them 200, 300, 400 times. \"Some artists don't care,\" he adds. \"They release good singles and the rest of the album is rubbish [but] I don't like to live in complacency. \"A really good album is one you can listen to hundreds of times and still love it.\" Despite Murs' best intentions, you suspect critical plaudits are out of his reach - but his longevity and work ethic are worthy of respect. Never Been Better is out now on Epic Records."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The party took 10 seats from Labour and one from an independent to put them in overall charge at the authority. Two recounts were needed for the seat of the Labour leader Julie Jackson, who eventually lost it by just four votes. Conservative MP for Nuneaton Marcus Jones said his party had had a \"phenomenal night\". Labour, which had controlled the Warwickshire council for the majority of its history, said it intended to regroup and fight again. The Conservatives now have 24 seats and a 14-seat majority in the 34-seat authority. Labour retain seven seats, there are two independents and one Green Party councillor. Mr Jones said: \"I'm absolutely ecstatic, it has been a brilliant night with fantastic results. \"I'm really, really positive about the future and what we can deliver for the people of the borough.\" Tory councillor Kris Wilson, who becomes the new council leader, said it was \"humbling\" to see so many people voting in support of the \"Conservative message\". \"They've [voters] said enough is enough of the controlling Labour group and they want a change and they want improvements in our towns.\" Labour lost control of the council in 2018 by one seat, throwing it into no overall control. Other Labour victims at the count overnight included the party's deputy leader Ian Lloyd and mayor June Tandy. Labour leader Julie Jackson said the party had not done enough to convince the public, but the party would recoup. \"We'll be back out there, listening hard to the good people of Nuneaton and hopefully offering them something that resonates more soundly with them for future elections.\" Analysis by Hannah Griffiths, BBC CWR On a sunny morning in Nuneaton it's a very bright mood for the Conservatives and a very sombre one for Labour. There's a renewed sense of purpose for the Tories, as they have gone from being the opposition to having a strong majority, with Labour losing 10 seats overnight. Labour has run this council for about 48 of the last 50 years and some of the wards here, I've been told, have never been represented by Conservative councillors before. By just four votes, Julie Jackson has gone from being the Labour leader of this council to losing her seat altogether - politics can be brutal. In Coventry, the Conservatives made an overall gain of one seat. Labour took the Earlsdon ward from the Tories - with a 50% voter turnout in the area - but lost the Cheylesmore and Sherbourne seats. Labour is now left with 39 councillors on the authority to the Conservatives' 15. Meanwhile, the Conservatives increased their majority on Warwickshire County Council by six seats. Council leader Izzy Seccombe, who retained her seat in Stour and The Vale, said: \"We have taken absolutely to heart the responsibility of looking after our residents and making Warwickshire the very best place it can be for them to live and to work and bring up their families and that is my promise that we will do that again.\" On Saturday, Tory successes continued, as the party gained one new seat, strengthening its majority control on Rugby District Council. A modern browser with JavaScript and a stable internet connection is required to view this interactive. More information about these elections Who won in my area? Enter your postcode, or the name of your English council or Scottish or Welsh constituency to find out. Eg 'W1A 1AA' or 'Westminster' Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected] Related Internet Links Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough Council"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The party performed strongly, winning a majority of seats in Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil, Newport and Torfaen. Labour secured Cardiff and Liberal Democrat council leader Rodney Berman lost his seat after a second recount in his Plasnewydd ward. The Conservatives lost control of the Vale of Glamorgan and lost their majority in Monmouthshire. Labour kept hold of Rhondda Cynon Taf, but its leader on the council, Russell Roberts, lost his seat. The victory in Cardiff was a big scalp for Labour, where the party came from third place at the last elections in 2008 to take the capital from Lib Dem/Plaid control. The Tory council leader in the Vale, Gordon Kemp, lost his seat, as Labour became the largest party but without an overall majority. The Conservatives won 11 seats, down from 25 in 2008, while Labour took 22. Labour said it did not know whether it would try to govern alone or form a coalition with one of the smaller parties. The election saw the first UKIP (UK Independence Party) councillor in the Vale. In Monmouthshire, the Tories fell three seats short of the 22 they needed to secure outright control. Successful night But a party spokesman said that \"given the difficult situation inherited by the coalition in Westminster and the tough decisions that must be taken, we recognise that this may not be an easy night in parts of the country\". It proved to be a successful night for Labour. The Labour AM for Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney, Huw Lewis, said of the party's win in Merthyr: \"Labour group leader Brendan Toomey has led the charge in a great grassroots campaign. \"This result is a testament to his leadership and that of hard working candidates across the borough.\" Labour more than doubled their tally of seats from 10 to 23 in Merthyr. Plaid Cymru, the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives do not have any seats in the council, although UKIP has one. In Caerphilly, former Labour Welsh Secretary Ron Davies, now representing Plaid Cymru, lost his seat on Caerphilly council. The Plaid leader of the council, Allan Pritchard, also lost his seat as Labour looked to take overall control from the Plaid/Independent coalition. Labour won comfortably in Torfaen - although the party was also helped by a highly unusual tie in the the Green Meadow ward. There was a recount for the second seat, and both candidates had to draw lots, with the Labour candidate emerging victorious. Most councils are declaring during the early hours, but others, such as Rhondda Cynon Taf, did not declare until the afternoon. Despite keeping control of the council, Labour lost its leader in Rhondda, Russell Roberts. He was one of a number of seats from all parties to lose seats as the political make-up of Welsh authorities changed. Labour gained control in Newport from the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition and one of its new councillors is comedy rap group Goldie Lookin' Chain member Rhys Hutchings. In Bridgend, Labour education portfolio holder Alana Davies lost her seat to Independent Brian Jones. There were claims the Conservatives and Lib Dems chose not to stand to maximise the Independent vote. A row over the location of a local skatepark was partly blamed for Ms Davies's defeat. All the latest election results are available at bbc.co.uk/vote2012"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Tony Blair's ex-communications chief was thrown out for saying he had voted Lib Dem in the European elections because of his party's Brexit stance. Baroness Chakrabarti told the BBC that Labour members who had backed rivals should \"come forward\" and discuss their differences with the party. Mr Campbell said he was \"confident I could win an appeal\". The party's share of the vote fell to 14% in last week's European elections and several senior figures have blamed its nuanced position on Brexit. Speaking on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Baroness Chakrabarti said she hoped Mr Campbell and other Labour members who had expressed public support for other parties could \"come forward and talk about their future intentions and the case can be reviewed\". \"Merely voting for another party is not in itself a grounds for exclusion or expulsion or anything like that and I want the large numbers of people who did that last week for heart-felt reasons to rest assured,\" she said. Baroness Chakrabarti also said: \"Political parties have rules about people who support other parties, but I hope this case will be reviewed.\" Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said Mr Campbell's actions were \"not acceptable\", adding: \"We look forward to hearing what Alastair has to say about this and look forward to his support for Labour in the future.\" Mr Campbell made his decision to vote for the Lib Dems public on the BBC's election night broadcast, accusing Labour of \"letting its own supporters down\" in \"failing to devise a policy the country could unite around\" over Brexit. Responding to Baroness Chakrabarti's comments, Mr Campbell tweeted: \"Pleased, if true that my 'expulsion' from Labour is being 'reviewed.'\" However, he added that he had \"not heard anything from the governance unit\". The decision to kick Mr Campbell out of the party was criticised by other Labour figures including the deputy leader Tom Watson who called it \"spiteful\". He called for \"an amnesty\" for members who voted for other parties adding - \"we should be listening to members rather than punishing them\". A number of other senior Labour figures have since confirmed they also voted for different parties in the European polls. Former Home Secretary Charles Clarke said he had voted Lib Dem, as did ex-MP Fiona Mactaggart, while former Defence Secretary Bob Ainsworth said he had voted Green. Heseltine suspension Labour said supporting another party was \"incompatible\" with membership. A spokeswoman said the issue was not about voting, but Mr Campbell \"using media appearances to advertise and encourage support for another party\". Last week former Conservative Deputy Prime Minister Lord Heseltine was suspended from the parliamentary party after admitting he was planning to vote for the Liberal Democrats in the elections. Concerning Labour's position on Brexit, Baroness Chakrabarti said her party would not necessarily back Remain in a future EU referendum. \"That would depend on what the deal was,\" she said. \"Was it going to be a Labour deal with the closest possible relationship with Europe, or was it going to be a deal that we thought less than satisfactory? \"We want to break the stasis in this country with a general election or a public vote.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police said the accident happened on the A838 north of Lairg at about 18:15 on Wednesday. The man was riding a BMW motorbike and police said no other vehicle was involved in the collision. The road around the scene of the accident, about five miles south (8km) south of the Overscaig House Hotel was closed for almost six hours. The man was taken to Raigmore Hospital in Inverness for treatment. Police Scotland has appealed for witnesses. Sgt Gus Murray said: \"Our inquiries into this collision are ongoing and I would urge anyone who believes they have information which could assist to make contact. \"The road closure required a lengthy diversion and I would thank drivers for their patience while we carried out our work.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"South Wales Police are appealing for witnesses to the collision between Rhydycar and Pentrebach, near Merthyr, at around 18:30 BST. A police spokesman said the man, who was from the Dowlais area, lost control of his green Kawasaki motorbike, which collided with the central barrier. The man was airlifted to the hospital."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Overnight snow across parts of the UK caused travel disruption with motorists on the M6 forced to abandon their cars, before traffic moved freely again on Saturday morning. Snow grounded planes at Leeds Bradford Airport but it has now re-opened. There has been flooding in Wales, and there are five flood warnings in place. Temperatures are expected to reach an average 4C on Saturday, while the Met Office has issued a yellow warning - meaning be aware - of rain in Northern Ireland. As well as five flood warnings for south-west England and Wales, the Environment Agency has 80 flood alerts in place. In Northumberland, 33cm (12in) of snow fell overnight at the Met Office weather station at Redesdale - the most recorded this year. 'Stay in your car' During the night, the Highways Agency closed the M6 motorway in both directions between junctions 25 and 27 near Wigan, after cars and lorries became stuck in the snow. A shelter was set up at Charnock Services - close to junction 28 - for motorists forced to leave their vehicles in poor driving conditions and freezing temperatures. David Morris, the Conservative MP for Morecambe and Lunesdale, was stuck on the M6 near Wigan for more than three hours. He told the BBC: \"The gritters were out doing their job, everybody's been doing all they can do to help. \"It's a surreal scene to be had. We've even been having snowball fights on the M6.\" Another driver, who was stuck near junction 25 on the M6 for three hours, Neil Turner, said \"it was horrible\". \"It was very cold, everyone was chatting, trying to keep warm. There was just no movement,\" he said. Lancashire Police also worked with Lancashire Mountain Rescue teams, the Highways Agency and Greater Manchester Police to clear roads and provide help to those who were stranded. The Highway Agency worked throughout the night to clear the routes with snow ploughs. A spokesman said: \"The snowfall was very sudden and very heavy - over a foot in some places - causing cars to become stranded,\" he said. \"But we have managed to get through the traffic and clear most routes to get people moving again. \"We are urging those who have abandoned their cars to collect them. All we can do is move them to the side for now, but it makes it difficult to clear routes. \"With the rain falling and ice melting onto very cold road surfaces, we are now warning drivers of the danger of ice.\" The M56 was also affected by closures due to the snow. Cumbria has also been badly affected by snow, where police say many minor roads are impassable. In south-west Wales, flooding has already caused problems - particularly in Whitland in Carmarthenshire and Narberth, Haverfordwest, and St David's in Pembrokeshire. Mid and West Wales Fire Service said it had received more than 270 calls on Friday evening, with \"quite a large number of flooding incidents\" across Pembrokeshire, Carmarthen and Swansea, including incidents of properties flooding and people becoming trapped in their cars. Local councils have been asked to assist with sandbags and unblocking drains. In Narberth, Pembrokeshire, residents are reported to be battling to keep water out of their homes, and roads in the area are flooded. Local councillor Wyn Evans told the BBC melting snow and torrential rain had caused \"severe flooding and destruction\" in the area. \"Even our police station has been flooded this evening and that's never ever happened before, so all our police officers had to relocate elsewhere,\" he said. 'Some delays' All flights were suspended at Leeds Bradford International Airport on Friday night as further snow hit most of the Yorkshire area. The airport has now reopened, although passengers are being warned to expect delays and disruption. BBC weather forecaster Peter Sloss said snow already affecting much of northern England and the Midlands had extended to high ground in south-east England and East Anglia during the night. He said while heavy rain was affecting south Wales and south-west England, drier conditions in Northern Ireland and much of Scotland would extend to most places on Saturday. It would be a bright, fine day with \"more sunshine than we have seen in some time\". Looking forward, he said wet and windy weather would affect much of the country on Saturday night."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Many workers can expect a \"miserable Christmas\" without targeted support for employers, the union warned. The government's furlough programme will end on 31 October. A Treasury spokesperson said the government had \"not hesitated to act in creative and effective ways to support jobs and we will continue to do so\". Wednesday marks 45 days before the end of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, which is the same amount of time employers must give for notice of redundancy. The call comes amid growing evidence that the winding down of the scheme is leading to more plans for job cuts. The number of firms that notified the government in June about plans to cut 20 or more jobs was five times higher than in the same month last year, figures obtained by the BBC show. A Freedom of Information request shows that in June, 1,778 firms said they were intending to cut more than 139,000 jobs in England, Wales and Scotland. In total, nine million people have been furloughed for at least one three-week period since March, However, about 695,000 UK workers have gone from the payrolls of UK companies since then and it is feared that more will follow if the government stops paying to safeguard jobs. Unite said that without \"a clear and urgent sign\" from the government that it was responding to calls to extend the scheme, it feared that \"employers facing short-term struggles will issue redundancy notices\". The government has been urged by MPs, business groups, unions and political opponents to continue the furlough programme, in which workers placed on leave receive 80% of their pay, up to a maximum of £2,500 a month. The scheme, which has cost more than £35bn, was initially funded by the government, but firms started to contribute to wages in September after the scheme began to wind down. Last week, the Treasury Select Committee said the government should consider a targeted extension of the scheme. Unite general secretary Len McCluskey said a signal from the government would \"put a floor under struggling employers who are working hard to stabilise in the face of immense challenges\". \"With our competitor nations announcing the extension or modification of their jobs retention schemes, we ask that your government recognises the need for UK businesses and workers to receive similar support,\" Mr McCluskey wrote in a letter to Prime Minister Boris Johnson. A spokeswoman said Unite wanted to see support for sectors including manufacturing, aviation infrastructure, aerospace and hospitality. The government has repeatedly rebuffed the calls for an extension to the scheme, saying that it has served its purpose in cushioning the economy during the coronavirus crisis. Chancellor Rishi Sunak has said his priority is to find new ways to protect jobs. A Treasury spokesperson said: \"The furlough scheme has done what it was designed to do - save jobs and help people back into employment.\" The spokesperson said the government had made \"unprecedented interventions\", including firms being given £1,000 for every furloughed worker still employed in January, business rates holidays, VAT cuts and the Kickstart scheme, which gives young people jobs experience."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"On Friday, the chancellor said staff at UK companies told to close would get 67% of their wages from the government under the expanded Job Support Scheme. But no specific help was announced for workers who may be indirectly affected - for example, those in supply chains. The Treasury denied firms that are not fully closed would not receive help. Labour claims close to one million workers will be at risk, including 500,000 people in the wedding industry, 369,000 in the sports industry, and 142,000 event caterers. Shadow business secretary Ed Miliband said: \"There are massive holes in the new safety net.\" A spokesperson for the Treasury said: \"We do not recognise these figures,\" adding that Labour had \"incorrectly\" listed some sectors as not benefitting from the scheme. The spokesperson added: \"Companies that are open can use the other element of the Job Support Scheme which is aimed at those able to open but at lower levels of demand. \"And of course they can also access the other help we have made available, including billions of pounds of grants, loans and tax cuts.\" The Job Support Scheme was announced by Mr Sunak on 24 September and will replace the \"furlough\" scheme from 1 November for six months. It \"tops up\" the wages of employees who can't work their normal hours. The expanded scheme, announced on Friday and available to firms ordered to shut down, will provide two-thirds of wages to employees unable to work. On Monday, Boris Johnson is expected to announce a tiered system of measures for England in an effort to stall rising infection rates. Under the new system, different parts of the country would be placed in one of three categories. The worst-affected areas - which may include much of northern England - could see its pubs and restaurants closed. Shadow Business Secretary Ed Miliband claimed the government had been \"forced into a climbdown\" over supporting shut-down businesses. But he said businesses including weddings, theatres, cinemas, events, and many suppliers would be left out \"on a technicality\" because they have been \"forced to shut in all but name\", he said. Mr Miliband added: \"Ministers must urgently rethink their damaging sink or swim approach which consigns whole sectors of our economy to the scrapheap.\" Roger Barker, Director of Policy at the Institute of Directors said the new measures set out by the chancellor on Friday were a \"useful step\" towards supporting businesses affected by the lockdown. But he said their impact would be limited because they \"don't account for the ripple effects of restrictions across the economy\". He added: \"It is becoming increasingly clear that the chancellor's previous strategy of phasing out business support and allowing supposedly 'unviable' companies to fail was premature in the face of a resurgent virus. \"Friday's measures should be seen as the start of renewed efforts to sustain the survival of companies and jobs if long-term damage to the economy is to be prevented.\" Adam Marshall, Director General of the British Chamber of Commerce, also said the new support did not go far enough to protect firms in supply chains and town and city centres and urged: \"Their cash flow concerns and worries about future demand must be heeded.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The coronavirus crisis continues to hit many parts of the UK economy hard, with unemployment rising. Companies are expected to cut more jobs after the government's furlough scheme ends on 31 October. Supermarket prices rose after lockdown, but are now only 0.5% higher than the beginning of the year, analysts said. The coronavirus lockdown in March tipped the economy into recession and triggered panic-buying in many large food stores, which were forced to limit the number of items people could buy. At the time, supermarkets scrapped many special offers, while prices rose 2.5% nationwide in the first month of lockdown, according to analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS). However, as panic-buying eased, those prices drifted back down again. Analyst firm Kantar, which tracks supermarket pricing, said promotions over the four weeks to 4 October were the highest they had been all year. In the run-up to Christmas and beyond, many people in the UK are facing tough economic times, said Waitrose, which is cutting prices on 200 of its most popular own-label products. James Bailey, executive director at Waitrose, said: \"This year has been incredibly challenging for consumers and we know times are tough for many, so we're reducing prices to provide our customers with great value on the items they buy most. \"Despite offering lower prices, we're maintaining the quality, high welfare and ethical sourcing that we're renowned for, so shoppers can spend less without compromising on what they value.\" Similarly, Co-op is investing £50m to lower prices on 300 branded and own-brand products and is launching a value range. Jo Whitfield, Co-op Food chief executive, said: \"Value is uppermost in the minds of shoppers and offering good, honest prices and fairly sourced products is important to help shoppers balance their budgets.\" A spokesperson for Co-op added: \"The economic uncertainty means shoppers are looking for value for essential everyday products.\" The price cuts follow similar moves by the main UK supermarkets Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's and Morrisons. 'A war they can't win' Waitrose and Co-op both face an uphill struggle on price when it comes to competing with the big four supermarkets and discounters Aldi and Lidl, GlobalData senior analyst Thomas Brereton said. \"It's a war Waitrose and Co-op can't win,\" he said. They don't have the market clout of giants such as Tesco, which can pressure suppliers into giving it better prices than smaller rivals, he said. In addition, Waitrose is seen by some shoppers as being more upmarket and pricier than rivals, and altering that perception when consumers are getting more cost-conscious due to tougher economic conditions would take time, he said. \"You won't get Aldi or Tesco shoppers suddenly switching to Waitrose because they've cut the price of bread and milk,\" he said, adding that Waitrose's efforts to expand its online offering would be far more likely to bear fruit. Richard Lim, the chief executive of Retail Economics, said the \"big driver\" for all supermarkets had been trying to stop the discounters gaining market share again as they did in the last recession, which had \"a huge impact on people's behaviour and spending patterns\". During the last financial crisis, there was much more of an emphasis on people making their budgets stretch and getting value in terms of price and quality, he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Action on Hearing Loss Scotland (AHLS) made spot checks on 21 venues. Only three had working hearing loops at their main ticket or information point. The charity said working loops were needed to amplify speech over background noise for people who wear hearing aids. It said it is \"absolutely essential\" for the equipment to be maintained. The three attractions with working hearing loops were Stirling Castle, McManus Museum in Dundee and St Mungo's Museum in Glasgow. Venues were also checked by \"mystery visitors\" on whether staff demonstrated that they were deaf aware, and the overall accessibility of the attraction for people with hearing loss. High profile events The three highest-ranked attractions were Stirling Castle, the National Museum of Scotland and Holyrood Palace. AHLS director Delia Henry said: \"As Scotland prepares for major high profile events in 2014, it is crucial that tourist attractions are fully accessible for the one in six people in Scotland who have hearing loss as well as those coming from overseas. \"People who are deaf or hard of hearing have the legal right to enjoy the same level of service as other customers so it is absolutely essential that tourist attractions ensure that equipment such as loops at main information points are installed, maintained and switched on and that staff are trained in deaf awareness.\" The five attractions with the lowest rating were: A spokesman for Historic Scotland said: \"We take our obligations to provide reasonable access very seriously and for some years have ensured hearing loops are in place at our properties including Melrose Abbey. \"However we are disappointed that on this occasion the visitor felt the trip to the Abbey was below what was expected.\" Communications equipment Head of marketing at the Scotch Whisky Experience Julie Trevisan Hunter said: \"I feel disappointed that we have been criticised without discussing this with us - if there was an individual training issue or if there is additional equipment we can install, we would always be happy to consider it. \"As we are refurbishing the welcome desk in January 2014, we will be updating all communications equipment at that time.\" Eilidh Massie, marketing manager at Our Dynamic Earth, said: \"We have measures in place to help those who have hearing difficulties and we are planning, as part of a major refurbishment next year, to install additional facilities to increase accessibility.\" A spokeswoman for the National Trust for Scotland, which runs the Robert Burns Museum, said: \"We have worked hard to try to make the museum accessible to all. \"We would be happy to meet with Action on Hearing Loss to talk about ways to improve.\" Chris McCoy, of VisitScotland's Accessible Tourism Project, said: \"While many of Scotland's attractions have gone to great lengths to ensure that visitors with accessible needs are catered for, we know that the industry, as a whole, can still improve. \"We will continue to work with the relevant groups and organisations, together with the industry, to help ensure that all needs are catered for during what will be a major year for Scottish tourism.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"More than four tonnes of explosives and 400,000 fireworks lit up the skies around Edinburgh Castle. The international festival has had its most successful year, taking more than £4m in ticket sales for the first time. Fringe box office figures were also up with a 7.7% rise on 2015. Almost two and a half million tickets were issued for shows across the city. Shona McCarthy, chief executive of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society, said: \"The Fringe plays an essential role in the global arts community, providing a platform for artists from around the UK and the rest of the world to showcase their work and make new connections. \"With 48 countries represented in this year's programme, the breadth and diversity of talent on offer has been astounding. \"We are now looking forward to our 70th anniversary celebrations in 2017 and hope that as many people as possible will join us to mark this fantastic milestone in the history of Edinburgh's festivals.\" In what was another record-breaking year for the international festival, classical music was particularly strong - with events at the Queen's Hall achieving its highest-ever sales. International Festival director Fergus Linehan said: \"The International Festival has always been a place for people of all nationalities to meet and exchange ideas and we've seen that everywhere across the city these past three weeks. \"In uncertain times, events like this feel ever more important, and we at the International Festival are honoured to have been able to host, inspire, entertain and, moreover, welcome so many artists and visitors from all over the world to our city.\" About 250,000 people were expected to gather in Princes Street Gardens and other points around Edinburgh, Fife and the Lothians to watch the fireworks. Live music by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra accompanied the display. This year's concert continued the festival's Shakespearean celebrations, commemorating 400 years since the poet's death. Estonian conductor Kristiina Poska directed the orchestra as they performed Sergei Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, Leonard Bernstein's Symphonic Dances from West Side Story and Dmitri Shostakovich's Festive Overture."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The announcement came at the start of Scottish Apprenticeship Week 2014. The week, organised by Skills Development Scotland, will see dozens of events from Shetland to the Borders to celebrate apprenticeships. It comes after the Scottish government announced plans to expand Scotland's modern apprenticeship programme. It is raising the annual target for new modern apprenticeships (MAs) from its current 25,000 a year to 30,000 by 2020. 'Key to growth' Training, Youth and Women's Employment Secretary Angela Constance welcomed Amey's announcement. She said: \"I am very pleased indeed to see that Amey are committed to helping Scotland's enthusiastic young workforce maximise their potential by taking on such a large number of new modern apprentices (MAs) over the next few years. \"Companies like Amey are vital to Scotland's infrastructure and economy and these new MAs will find themselves right at the heart of a number of projects that are key to Scotland's future growth. \"I am confident that this week will see a number of employers exploring the value that MAs could bring to their company and that we will raise awareness among young people that an MA is a well-recognised qualification that will equip them with the skills they need to succeed in the workplace.\" Valerie Hughes-D'Aeth, Amey Group HR director, added: \"In order to grow our highly-skilled workforce, it is important that we continue to identify and bring new talent into the industry. \"Offering apprenticeships is a great way to do this, as it helps to build transferable skills which are essential for career progression. \"As a business we are committed to developing our employees and their skills, which helps in delivering a high-quality service for our clients.\" Skills Development Scotland chief executive Damien Yeates said: \"Scottish Apprenticeship Week highlights the commitment of businesses, such as Amey, that invest in the skills of their workforce. \"The week also shows the successes of apprentices who have chosen to develop their careers by learning while working, to gain nationally recognised qualifications. \"Modern apprenticeships are good for business, good for individuals and good for the Scottish economy. \"It's never been more important to invest in skills for the future through work-based learning.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In papers filing for divorce, Nina Koupriianova said on one occasion in 2011 Mr Spencer dragged her down the stairs, resulting in bruises. She said that in 2014 he again \"attacked\" her when she was four-months pregnant. In comments to the Associated Press, Mr Spencer denied being an abusive person. Richard Spencer is a figurehead for US far-right groups and popularised the term \"alternative right\". Ms Koupriianova's divorce papers were filed in a Montana Court in June but were first reported by Buzzfeed News on Tuesday. According to the report, Ms Koupriianova's lawyers said she had been \"reluctant to call police or seek an order of protection for fear of further reprisal\". \"Much of the abuse has occurred in the presence of the parties' children,\" the court documents said. Speaking to the Associated Press news agency on Tuesday, Mr Spencer said he was \"not an abusive person\" and that his wife was \"never in a dangerous situation\". Richard Spencer first rose to prominence when he led chants of \"Hail Trump\" to a Nazi-saluting group in Washington after the US president's election victory. He was also one of the organisers of a far-right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, last year that left one woman dead. Facebook banned him from its platform earlier this year."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Vanessa Trump, an ex-model, is seeking an uncontested divorce in a New York court. The couple, both 40, have been married since 2005. They have five children. Mr Trump Jr played a prominent role in his father's election campaign. He stayed in New York after the election and now co-runs the family business with his brother Eric Trump. He has become the subject of an investigation over possible collusion between the presidential campaign and Russia in 2016. President Trump denies any collusion. Donald Trump Jr arranged a meeting between a group of Russians and campaign officials after being told of possible damaging information about Mr Trump's Democratic challenger Hillary Clinton. An uncontested divorce means that custody over the couple's children and assets is not disputed during legal proceedings. Page Six, the New York Post gossip column that broke the story, carried a statement from the couple saying: \"After 12 years of marriage, we have decided to go our separate ways. We ask for your privacy during this time.\" Earlier this year, reports swirled that the couple had marital problems, pointing out to Mr Trump Jr's frequent travel. Last month, Vanessa Trump and her mother were taken to hospital as a precaution when she opened a letter addressed to her husband containing white powder."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Claire BatesBBC News Magazine Jeremy Vine was cycling home down a narrow road last Friday when he was tailgated by an impatient driver who jumped out of her car, shouted at him and appeared to kick his bike. Later she threatened to \"knock [Vine] out\" and warned: \"I could be done for murder.\" Like many other cyclists who've experienced similar treatment, Vine had filmed the incident and posted footage on Facebook, as well as passing it on to police. Cycle cameras were first sold as accessories for recreational riders to allow them to edit and create films of their journeys. One of the first was the GoPro video camera, which launched in 2006. But it soon became apparent they were useful for recording collisions. Cyclists began posting near-misses and other dangerous driving on video-sharing websites like YouTube. The roads can be dangerous places for cyclists, who are particularly vulnerable to injury. In 2014, 21,287 cyclists were injured in reported road accidents, according to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). This included 3,514 who were killed or seriously injured. There aren't any statistics showing if helmet cameras have made the roads any safer for cyclists. However, motoring journalist Quentin Willson thinks the more cameras - including dashboard cameras in cars - there are on the roads the better, because they are more likely to deter bad behaviour. \"I think cars should have dashcams and cyclist should have headcams. If drivers and cyclists are driving properly, then neither should have a problem with being filmed,\" he says. Conventional methods enforcing road safety aren't working, Willson says. He'd like to see insurance companies offering discounts to drivers with dashboard cameras to help tackle problems caused by a \"motoring underclass\" of bad and often uninsured drivers: \"They may be angry being filmed but anything that brings them to book is good, I think.\" Footage of road rage attacks on cyclists has a habit of going viral. A driver caught on camera verbally abusing a cyclist in south London last year suffered a torrent of abuse online after the footage was shared on social media. But there are concerns that as well as inflaming confrontations, such footage may also be fuelling a motorist vs cyclist mentality. In 2014, The Daily Telegraph's Andrew Critchlow warned that \"self-appointed digital road vigilantes\" were doing more harm than good. Comment boards under road rage videos often descend into a war of words between motorist and cyclists, each accusing the other of unsafe road use. Facebook comments under Jeremy Vine's video are also mixed. Michael Hutchinson, former Commonwealth Games cyclist and columnist for Cycling Weekly, is sceptical about the effectiveness of cycle and dashboard cameras. \"I don't think, day-to-day, it makes a difference to safety on the roads. I think cameras aren't that common at the moment and so people who are reacting on the roads, like in the Jeremy Vine case, probably don't stop to consider if they are being filmed before taking action,\" Hutchinson says. \"In these incidents I suspect the perpetrators aren't rationally thinking their behaviour through.\" Hutchinson does think that they can play an important part after a road rage attack has taken place, however: \"One problem cyclists often have is when they report an incident to police, they are told 'prove it', and helmet camera provides some evidence. It also helps with insurance providers if it's one person's word against another.\" Today, both helmetcam and dashcam footage are increasingly used as evidence in both civil and criminal courts, according to personal injury solicitors Claims Action. They play the same role as CCTV footage. According to the company's website, in order to admit a video recording from a helmet camera as evidence, it must be downloaded onto a CD and be accompanied by a certificate countersigned by a solicitor stating that it has not been altered. However, while road rage incidents may generate clicks and shares, this kind of assault doesn't appear to be the biggest danger facing cyclists. According to RoSPA figures for 2013, \"failing to look properly\" was the highest known contributory factor to an accident involving at least one cyclist and another vehicle. Their records showed that one third of the 9,375 incidents were caused by cyclists while two thirds were caused by drivers of other vehicles. And while the presence of a camera might conceivably make a motorist think twice about launching a road rage attack, it's less clear whether it will encourage drivers and cyclists alike to pay attention to the road. Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The indigenous politician is running for a fourth term in office and if he wins, he will be in power until 2025. His critics say he has ignored a referendum in which Bolivians voted to restrict presidents to two terms. And yet, opinion polls suggest he has a wide lead over his nearest rival. Who is in the running? Incumbent Evo Morales is again running for his Movement for Socialism (Mas) party. 13 years, 9 monthsin power 38 yearsleading the coca growers' union 54%of the votes won in 2005 election 64%of the votes won in 2009 election 61%of votes won in 2014 election Read our profile of Evo Morales: Fourteen years and counting Mr Morales' main rival for the presidency is Carlos Mesa, who is running for the Civic Community (Comunidad Ciudadana) political alliance. 19 monthsas president between 2003 and 2005 Came to powerafter the then-president resigned Journalistwho worked in print and TV Film buffwho founded the Bolivian Film Institute Maritime disputerepresented Bolivia at the International Court of Justice Third in opinion polls is Senator Óscar Ortiz, who is standing for the \"Bolivia dice no\" (Bolivia says no) coalition. 8 yearsrepresenting Santa Cruz in the Senate Businessmanturned conservative politician 14 yearsspent working for Santa Cruz's chamber of commerce 50 years of agehe is the youngest of the top three presidential candidates How does it work? Voting is compulsory for adult Bolivians, unless they are over 70 years old. The 7.3 million Bolivians eligible to vote will elect a president and a vice-president, 130 members of the chamber of deputies and 36 senators. In order to win in the first round on 20 October, a presidential candidate has to either gain more than 50% of the votes, or 40% with a 10-percentage-point lead over his nearest rival. If no candidate reaches that percentage of votes, a second and final round will be held on 15 December in which the first and second placed candidates will run against each other. What are the main issues? Many of those who took part in anti-government protests in the weeks leading up to the election said they opposed President Morales for two reasons: his environmental policies and his disregard for the result of a referendum held in February 2016. Forest fires which destroyed four million hectares of land in eastern Bolivia made many voters question whether a decree passed by President Morales had contributed to the blazes. The decree quadrupled the amount of land farmers are allowed to clear for agricultural production. Many residents of Santa Cruz province, one of the worst affected by the fires, were also angry at the president for refusing to declare a national emergency over the fires. But the placards and signs many of the protesters held aloft also suggested that anger was still running high about the fact that President Morales bypassed the results of the 2016 referendum on term limits. A majority of Bolivians voted \"no\" to Mr Morales's suggestion to ditch the presidential term limits but Mr Morales's Mas party took the matter to the constitutional court, which ruled in the president's favour, allowing him to stand for a fourth consecutive term. Many voters say that they have not forgiven President Morales for not sticking to his promise that he would respect the outcome of the referendum. Challenges ahead However, many indigenous Bolivians who were lifted out of poverty during the time Mr Morales was in power continue to back him for president. They say Mr Mesa, his main rival, embodies the white Bolivian elite and question his commitment to the poor. Mr Mesa argues that with oil and gas revenue declining, Bolivia needs to be \"more sensible and rational\" in the way it spends its money, especially as the country has a fiscal deficit of 7.8% of GDP. But his message of curtailing spending has not proven popular with poor voters who have seen steady improvements to their quality of life under President Morales. Mr Ortiz, meanwhile, has asked voters to ignore the opinion polls which have him trailing way behind Mr Morales and Mr Mesa. At his closing rally, he urged his supporters to cast their vote not for \"the old Bolivia\" which he claims Mr Mesa and Mr Morales stand for, but for \"the Bolivian youth which will guarantee that Bolivia does not return to the past\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jeremy McDermottBBC News, Medellin Not now. The presidential election on 30 May is set to be a photo finish. \"It was only 70 days ago that Colombia thought that Uribe was going to be the next president,\" said Rafael Pardo, the Liberal Party candidate. \"Now the country faces a dilemma: a continuation of Uribe's politics or a fresh start.\" All the polls indicate that the contest will go to a second round on 20 June, with most suggesting that Antanas Mockus of the Green Party will face Mr Santos in the second ballot. This is hard to understand when one thinks that President Uribe still has approval ratings of 60% after almost eight years in power. His popularity can largely be attributed to his hard-line, US-backed security policies. He has had great success. Marxist rebels, engaged in conflict with the Colombian state for more than four decades, have been driven deep into their mountain and jungle stronghold, their numbers halved. Drug production is down and the brutal right-wing paramilitary militias have demobilised. Mr Uribe pushed for a referendum on whether the constitution should again be change to allow him to stand for a third term. But on 26 February, the Constitutional Court banned any further re-election and Mr Santos launched his bid for the presidency. Split field President Uribe has been unable to transfer his popularity to Mr Santos, 58, or the unified political base with which he has governed. The main pro-Uribe parties, the Conservatives, Cambio Radical and Mr Santos' Partido de la U, are all fielding their own candidates. \"The Uribe government has been successful, nobody can deny that,\" said Maria Victoria Llorente of the Bogota-based think-tank Fundacion Ideas para la Paz. \"However it came at a cost, the dark side of the administration: paramilitarism, human rights abuses and illegal wiretapping. Santos is associated with this.\" Mr Santos has inherited a series of scandals which are tainting him far worse than they have the president. The one that he had to shoulder as defence minister is that of the \"false positives\". Within the army there was a \"body bag\" culture. Success was measured by the number of enemies killed in combat. So some units of the army began to round up civilians, initially homeless people, who would turn up dead in remote parts of the countryside in rebel uniform, presented as guerrillas killed in combat. Last year evidence emerged that unemployed men in the slums of Bogota were being offered work in the eastern province of Norte de Santander only to turn up dead, allegedly killed in combat with the army. Now the attorney general's office is investigating more than 1300 cases of \"false positives\" involving more than 2,000 victims. Pencil Another scandal has been that of the secret police, the DAS, which answers to the president. Some DAS members have admitted that there were illegal intercepts of telephone calls by senior magistrates, opposition politicians and journalists. Mr Uribe has denied that he ordered the wire-tapping, but investigations are closing in on members of his inner circle in the presidential palace. Hence the appeal of Antanas Mockus, 58, twice mayor of Bogota, who promises to break with past political corruption. The idea is intoxicating for Colombians tired of scandals and endemic corruption and this is reflected in his extraordinary and rapid rise in the polls. Mr Mockus carries with him a pencil everywhere he goes on the campaign trail. It has become the symbol of his campaign. \"The next chapter of Colombia's history will be written with a pencil, not with blood,\" he insists. In the University of Antioquia, a hot bed of left-wing thinking, Mr Mockus is greeted like a hero. The young make up a huge part of his following and if he wins it will be thanks to their enthusiasm. The students all carry pencils and wear green shirts. In Bogota, a Santos campaign rally had a very different feel to it. It was held in the central landmark Tequendama hotel. Here the crowd wore suits, there were flashing lights and multimedia presentations, all presided over by models who stood around the stage and distributed campaign T-shirts to the faithful. Diego Ospina, who runs a small restaurant nearby, voiced his backing. \"Look everyone wants an honest government, but Colombia is at war and we need a war president, a man who can get things done. That man is Santos,\" he said. Mr Santos comes from unrivalled political stock. His great-uncle was president, his grandfather one of the most prominent political commentators in the country. He has a long and exceptional record in public office. His time as defence minister saw the rescue of 15 hostages from guerrilla hands, among them the former presidential candidate, Ingrid Betancourt. The security situation is always at the back of any Colombian's mind. They do not want to return to the days of a decade earlier when the guerrillas were camped in the outskirts of the cities and kidnappings ran at eight a day. Liberal Party candidate Rafael Pardo has accused the current government and Mr Santos of wanting to make the election about fear. \"They want to scare voters into believing that more of the same military approach is needed,\" he argues. Given the closeness of the opinion polls, it seems Colombians favour both change and continuity. Sunday will show which they are ready to plump for."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Fernando Ángeles Juárez, 64, was shot dead by unknown gunmen on Thursday outside one of his properties. More than 100 politicians have been killed across Mexico ahead of general elections on 1 July. Mr Ángeles was the third politician to be killed in the western state of Michoacán in just over a week. The town's 27 police officers and the local public security secretary were detained by federal forces in the early hours of Sunday. 'He couldn't stand corruption' Mr Ángeles was a successful businessman with little previous political experience. He had considered standing as an independent but eventually joined one of Mexico's main parties, the centre-left Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). \"He couldn't stand seeing so much poverty, inequality and corruption and so he decided to run,\" one of his closest friends, Miguel Malagón, told El Universal newspaper. After his murder, prosecutors accused Ocampo's public security secretary, Oscar González García, of involvement. When Mexican federal agents arrived in the town on Saturday to detain him, they were stopped by local police officers. They returned with reinforcements on Sunday morning and arrested the entire force and their boss. They were handcuffed and taken for questioning in the state capital, Morelia. Prosecutors accuse the officers and Mr González of links with organised crime groups in the state. Mexicans will go to the polls next Sunday to choose a new president, senators and members of the Chamber of Deputies. More than 3,000 posts at regional and local levels will also be at stake."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Neil Rhodes was suspended in February by the county's police and crime commissioner (PCC), Alan Hardwick. Mr Hardwick said the suspension related to Mr Rhodes' alleged support for an employee on another force. Mr Rhodes' legal team argued the PCC had overreacted and he should be reinstated. The case has been adjourned until Thursday when the judge is expected to give his ruling. Suspension 'reasonable' Mr Rhodes was suspended over allegations he helped a senior Muslim lawyer from West Yorkshire Police use his ethnicity to pursue damages following his dismissal. His legal team argued that the suspension was \"unlawful and irrational\". Mr John Beggs QC told the hearing at the High Court in Manchester: \"This PCC overreacted, perhaps through not having the experience, or advice, or assistance to appreciate that suspension is a last resort, a near nuclear option.\" But Mr Hardwick's lawyers argued that it was perfectly rational and reasonable to suspend Mr Rhodes on the basis of the information the PCC had received. The court heard Mr Rhodes had \"friended\" the lawyer, who was dismissed from West Yorkshire Police after 17 years and was suing his former employer. Mr Rhodes then became involved in the proceedings, and the pursuit of racial discrimination claims which he knew to be untrue, the court was told. But his lawyers argued that he simply tried to get the various parties around the table to talk and did not know enough about the claim to offer any opinion on it. The court heard Mr Rhodes believes, rightly or wrongly, that the lawyer's dismissal was based on discrimination. Mr Rhodes was appointed as temporary chief constable in March 2012, but suspended in February. The matter was referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC), but it decided not to investigate. Mr Hardwick appointed Sir Peter Fahy, chief constable of Greater Manchester Police, to hold an independent investigation into the police chief's suspension."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Gargan, 48, was found guilty of eight charges of misconduct but has been allowed to return to work. The Avon and Somerset branch of the federation said it \"cannot envisage\" how the public or police can have \"confidence in his leadership\". Mr Gargan said he understood people had questions and said he would address these. In a statement issued through the Chief Police Officers Staff Association, he said he was \"very much looking forward to returning to work\" and \"beginning the process of rebuilding confidence in the force\". The comments about his return to work were made in an open letter to Avon and Somerset Police and Crime Commissioner Sue Mountstevens. Mr Gargan was suspended following allegations of data protection breaches and inappropriate behaviour with women. A panel found him guilty of misconduct - but cleared him of gross misconduct. His suspension was lifted and a phased return to work prepared. Mr Gargan said his actions had \"fallen below the standards expected of a chief constable\". 'Tarnished reputation' In the letter seen by the BBC, the Police Federation said the chief constable is \"the person that sets the standard of professional behaviour and ethical conduct\" and the role \"must be beyond reproach\" in the eyes of the public and police officers. It said its officers had been asked on a daily basis by \"the communities they serve\" how the chief constable \"can return to work in these circumstances\". The letter ends with the federation calling on the commissioner to \"show strong leadership in dealing with this issue\". Some former members of the force have also criticised Mr Gargan's return. One group of retired officers said the \"debacle\" had caused \"more pain and damage to morale than is imaginable\". Lawrie Lewis, a retired Chief Superintendent, said the force's reputation had been \"severely tarnished\". Sue Mountstevens said: \"The procedure to be followed in relation to the sanction hearing is strictly regulated. \"As with all judicial processes when proceedings are not complete it is not possible to discuss or comment upon them until they have been finalised.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In July MPs voted to suspend the DUP MP Ian Paisley for 30 sitting days following his failure to declare two family holidays paid for by the Sri Lankan government. An election is triggered if 10% of constituents sign the petition. The Electoral Office published details of the recall petition on Friday. It is the first in UK parliamentary history. The Recall of MPs Bill became law in 2015 under the coalition government. Mr Paisley has insisted he will fight any by-election if he is forced to stand down. Speaking in the House of Commons before his suspension, he admitted \"deep personal embarrassment\" and said he had made a \"genuine mistake\". Criticism The petition will be open for signing from 8 August to 19 September from 09:00-17:00 BST, Monday to Friday, with opening hours extended to 21:00 BST on 6 and 13 September. Letters will be sent to constituents next week informing them of the details of the petition. Legislation allows for up to 10 locations for the petition however the electoral office has opened three, a decision which has drawn criticism from some political parties. Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) leader, Robin Swann said he was \"disappointed\" about the amount of centres opened. \"Not only are three petition centres totally inadequate for a constituency the size of North Antrim, by restricting the opening hours, the Electoral Office has shown little regard to people in daytime employment,\" he said. Mr Swann confirmed he will be signing the petition. TUV leader Jim Allister also said he would sign it. Sinn Féin MLA Philip McGuigan said he had urged the chief electoral officer to ensure that the maximum number of centres were put in places. \"Given that North Antrim is such a large geographical area, these centres should also be well spread across the constituency to ensure the greatest level of access\", he said. But Chief Electoral Officer Virginia McVea rejected the criticism. \"I could have opened one venue or I could have opened 10,\" she told the BBC's Good Morning Ulster programme. \"This runs for a lengthy period - six weeks and during that period I determined that it would be reasonable to expect people to be able to reach these three venues. \"In addition there is a change in the law in relation to the postal application. \"Anyone who chooses not to attend in person will be able to apply for the postal option and if their details are verified, can receive it within six weeks.\" The designated petition signing venues are located at: Only voters registered in the constituency are eligible. They can also apply to sign by post or proxy. Applications can be downloaded at eoni.org.uk. There are two help lines for constituents who have queries about the process. They are 02890446600 and 02890446668."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dyfed-Powys Police is expecting large numbers of people to visit the Pen y Fan area because an endurance event istaking place over the weekend. Officers will be patrolling to ensure the A470 clearway around Storey Arms, a popular starting point for an ascent of Pen y Fan, is kept free of parked cars. Officers urged people to find other parking and routes up the mountain. Sgt Owen Dillon, of Roads Policing Unit, said: \"I anticipate a very busy period on the local roads this weekend and particularly in the area of Storey Arms. In addition to the large number of visitors I expect to walk up Pen y Fan, the Fan Dance event is taking place, bringing extra parking to the area. \"There are a number of alternative places to park your vehicles if visiting the Brecon Beacons, which still have good routes to Pen y Fan.\" He mentioned parking at locations including Cwm Gwdi or the Neuadd Valley as alternatives, as well as asking people to consider using the bus service available between Merthyr and Brecon, which stopped at Storey Arms. \"We will be continuing with police patrols of the Storey Arms area this weekend and will take action where it is required. \"Our priority is ensuring there are no obstructions on the A470 and that people observe the clearway and do not park on the road. \"We appreciate that the beautiful Brecon Beacons draw in thousands of walkers, and we encourage visitors to come and enjoy the region. \"We just ask that they do so safely, taking into consideration their own needs, that of other walkers, and other road users who also want to come and enjoy what Dyfed-Powys has to offer.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Cars were also towed after motorists were warned against parking illegally in Snowdonia National Park. It followed chaotic scenes in the area last weekend when 180 penalty fines were issued. North Wales Police said some drivers thought they had been \"bluffing\" with the threat of cars being towed and a recovery vehicle was at Pen-y-Pass. The force said it was also monitoring the A5 at Dyffryn Ogwen and had placed cones along the route to prevent parking. Pen-y-Pass car park, on the main A4086 road between Llanberis and Capel Curig, is only to be used as a drop-off site for buses and taxis at weekends in a bid to reduce car numbers. \"Around 60 vehicles have already been turned away this morning, with some even parking right by the signage,\" said North Wales Police. \"The drivers told us they thought we were just 'bluffing' when we said cars would be towed away if obstructing the road... a recovery vehicle is already parked up at Pen-y-Pass.\" Traffic and parking in other parts of Snowdonia National Park is also being monitored and visitors have been urged to make use of car parks at Nant Peris, Llanberis and Pen-y-Gwryd as well as local park and ride services, which have been increased. \"This will help to control the traffic on these narrow mountain routes and avoid dangerous situations which we saw last weekend,\" police added. \"We all want you to be able to enjoy the stunning mountain ranges safely but motorists must park responsibly, safely and legally.\" How bad is it elsewhere? Wales' national parks closed in March as part of coronavirus lockdown measures. Walkers and hikers were allowed back when the \"stay local\" lockdown restrictions were eased on 6 July, while last weekend marked the start of the official school holidays for many visitors. Brecon Beacons National Park has warned motorists civil enforcement officers are in the area to check for any parking illegally and to consider changing travel plans if car parks are full. Gwent Police said vehicles \"still continue to contravene the road closure\" to Sugar Loaf Mountain near Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. Illegal camping Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority has issued a warning over illegal camping after 19 penalty charge notices were issued last weekend around the county. Wild camping, in a tent or campervan, is banned in Wales without the landowner's permission. Among the problems caused are littering, blocking access for emergency services and the lack of toilet facilities. Campsites in Wales with shared facilities are now allowed to open, with strict rules and regulations, having missed most of the high season. The National Park Authority said patrols will continue around the county this weekend. \"The majority [of visitors] were well behaved, however, there were several instances of illegal camping in the national park, which led to a number of fines being issued,\" said chief executive Tegryn Jones. \"I urge people to respect the park and use designated campsites for your stay. \"We have longed for this time when we could enjoy access to this beautiful corner of Wales - let's not let the irresponsible actions of a few spoil access and enjoyment for us all.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It is understood the Pontfadog Oak, which has been growing near Chirk in Wrexham since the year 802, was felled by gusts of around 60mph overnight on Wednesday. The famous sessile oak tree had a girth of 42ft 5in (12.9m). Legend has it that Welsh princes used to rally troops at the tree. The oak - which had a huge hollow trunk said to big enough to seat six people at a table - had become a local attraction for walkers and visitors in recent years. Rob McBride, a so-called \"tree hunter\" who measures and logs trees, said it was rare for an oak to live to such an age, with most usually lasting around 900 years. \"The tree was one of the biggest and oldest oak trees on the planet,\" said Mr McBride, who lives close to the Pontfadog Oak. \"It has a very significant history and until about 200 years ago was a tree that was pollarded - with branches and leaves regularly cut to feed animals and build fencing.\" He added that villagers had gathered after hearing about the tree, adding: \"It's quite like a wake\". Mr McBride said he had been campaigning for ancient trees like the Pontfadog Oak to be given a protected status like castles. \"If it had had a few thousand pounds spent on some supporting work, it may well have stayed upright,\" he said. 'Almighty crash' The tree is believed to have been a rallying point for Welsh princes, including Owain Gwynedd who is said to have met his troops under the oak in the 12th Century before defeating King Henry II of England in battle. Dianne Coakley-Williams, whose husband Huw's family owned the oak and its land for generations, said she was woken by an \"almighty crash and a bang\" as it fell near their house at about 02:20 BST on Thursday. \"The wind here was absolutely dreadful - I've never known anything like it before ever,\" she said. \"I suppose it's lucky that nobody was hurt. But it's just so sad. My mother-in-law is devastated. She said it's like losing an old friend.\" Angharad Evans of the Woodland Trust said the tree had had a lot to cope with over the past few weeks, with heavy snow, a prolonged cold snap and finally high winds. \"The Woodland Trust believes that this sad case illustrates how we are failing to provide adequate protection for our ancient trees at present,\" she added. Local assembly member Ken Skates said Wrexham had lost one of its \"most important and iconic pieces of local heritage\". But Mr McBride said some people were also talking about the possibility of re-erecting the tree. \"It's early days. They would have to take the top off and then re-erecting it, which can be done. It's such a significant tree,\" he added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Pumza Fihlani and Dominic BaileyBBC News South Africa is Africa's most-industrialised economy, with industries ranging from agriculture, financial services, trade, tourism and a robust informal sector, worth millions of dollars. It enjoys a seat in the Brics block of economies - with Brazil, Russia, India and China - and is a member of the G20 forum of international governments. Despite its economic standing, the country is also home to gross inequality, which is largely a legacy of its history of racial segregation. The gap between the \"haves\" and \"have-nots\" is vast - in its main cities, skyscrapers stretch into the heavens, high-walled mansions stand as a reminder of the wealth enjoyed by some, while on the fringes of middle-class and wealthy South Africa, thousands of shacks jostle for space, often just a stone's throw away. Poverty and unemployment remain one of the country's main challenges. A higher proportion of black South Africans have historically lived in poverty compared with Asian and white South Africans. And between 2011 and 2015, the proportion of black and Coloured (mixed-race) people in poverty increased, according to government data. Social policies such as free primary health care and free basic services, such as water, electricity and sanitation for poorer households have improved the lives of many - especially in the years after the Africa National Congress (ANC) came to power. But despite South Africa being the second-largest economy on the continent after Nigeria, growth has been slow compared to other emerging markets. This has in part been attributed to political uncertainty and a decline in mining production - one of the country's main exports. As a result, South Africans have, on average, become poorer. Income per head - the total output of the economy divided by the population - has fallen fairly steadily since 2010. There are still millions living townships and squatter camps, and richer households are almost 10 times wealthier than poor households. Black South Africans are still under-represented in the skilled jobs market. Even though little more than 10% of the working population comes from the white community, they are more likely to be more skilled, wealthier, and reach higher levels of education, which means black South Africans are still most affected by high unemployment. The labour market is also more favourable to men, regardless of race. Men are more likely to be in paid employment than women and in positions that come with greater influence. Only 32% of managers in South Africa were women - that is up 10% on 1995. There were more male domestic workers in 1995 than there are now, when most of the million or so domestic workers are women. In 2017, there were 35.8 murders per 100,000 people, among the highest rate in the world. In the last five years there has been an increase after more than a decade of decline. However, the murder rate was twice as high in 1993, the year before apartheid ended. Perception of crime is another measure of how safe people feel. The official statistics bureau, Stats SA, reported that 46% of people thought violent crime had increased during the past three years, an increase of 4,5% over the previous year. Around 79% of South Africans still felt safe walking alone in their neighbourhoods during the day, but this is down 6.7% on the previous year. While at night, about 32% of South Africans felt safe walking alone in - up 8% on the previous year. There are also concerns among human rights groups about an increase in attacks on foreign nationals. There are about 3.6 million migrants in the country, mainly from neighbouring Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Lesotho, out of an overall population of more than 50 million. The African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS) has monitored attacks against migrants across South Africa since 1994 and says violence peaked in 2008 and again 2015. The violence is often triggered by local disputes, with migrants being accused of taking jobs away from South Africans. South Africa is a rainbow nation of language as well as colour. With 11 languages officially recognised in the country and used across its length and breadth, officials hope this helps to foster a sense of pride in indigenous languages and cultural diversity. Most South Africans can speak more than three languages, especially within the black population. According to a 2011 census, Zulu is the first language of 22.7% of the population, followed by Xhosa at 16%, Afrikaans at 13.5%. English ranks only fourth as a first language but is widely used as the language of business and is widely spoken as a second language. Many black students prefer to be taught in English, rather than Afrikaans. Correction 03 May: The chart on unemployment has been amended to only show rates according to the official definition"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Milton NkosiBBC News, Johannesburg Markets reacted negatively and the currency, the rand, has continued to plummet over the last week. This is because the plan has invited comparisons with the chaotic land reform programme across the Limpopo River in neighbouring Zimbabwe, which saw scenes of violent evictions of mainly white farmers. But the move will be welcomed by those tired of waiting for reforms promised when white-minority rule ended in South Africa in 1994. Nearly a quarter of a century on, the racial differences are still stark, nowhere more so than in the area of land ownership. White people, who make up just 9% of the population, own 72% of the farmland that is held by individuals, government figures show. The redistribution of land was a fundamental principle of the governing African National Congress (ANC) during its struggle against apartheid, which enshrined racial discrimination in law. 'This country must be African' The party has found it impossible to ignore the calls to go beyond its willing-seller-willing-buyer approach to land reform. And Mr Ramaphosa appears to have bypassed a parliamentary consultation when he said in a television address that the constitution should be amended. Section 25 of the constitution deals with property issues and there has long been a debate about whether it allowed the state to take land without money being paid for it. A parliamentary committee has been looking into changes to the constitution to allow expropriation in the public interest. Its nationwide televised public hearings have been a show of emotion by people of all racial groups, regardless of class or political affiliation. During a session held this week in Cape Town's Goodwood suburb one woman representing the South African Homeless People's Association said: \"Twenty-four years of liberal democracy [has] increased poverty. \"The masses are worse off because of the willing-buyer-willing-seller principle.\" Another person who gave testimony said: \"We are going to take the land, even if it means we're going back to the dark ages. This country must be African. We are African.\" A man wearing a T-shirt of the right-wing Freedom Front Plus party said that his Afrikaner people had been farming in the Western Cape for the past 300 years. \"When my forefathers came, they found no-one but the Khoi and the San. My people got what they have in this country not by theft, not by genocide, but by fair means.\" Some land owners threatened war to defend their farms and their opponents vowed to respond in kind. South Africa's land problem So why has the president gone ahead even before the committee has concluded its work? Observers point to a small opposition party - the radical Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) led by the outspoken Julius Malema. The party is only five years old but it has been a thorn in the side of the 106-year-old liberation movement, the ANC. It is the EFF which has been driving the agenda on land reform. When I once asked its leader whether this was an election gimmick, Mr Malema said, \"No. \"We took a decision when we were formed in 2013 that our first non-negotiable cardinal pillar is expropriation of land without compensation. So we were not talking elections, we were talking why we formed the EFF.\" Could it be a case of the tail wagging the dog ahead of elections next year? When the pro-business and pragmatic Mr Ramaphosa became the leader of the ANC last December his commitment to a radical approach to land reform seemed more equivocal. He spoke about expropriation without compensation, but with the proviso that it should not have a negative impact on the economy. That was seen by some as a tactic that could allow it to be put off. But eight months on he is under pressure to pursue a much more radical economic policy from hardliners who are seen as supporters of his predecessor Jacob Zuma. When the ANC came into power it said it would transfer 30% of land in the first five years of being in office. But so far only about 10% has been transferred. Land reform expert Ruth Hall describes the ANC's commitment to land redistribution as lacklustre. \"The budget for land reform has never exceeded 1%. It's clearly been undervalued as an area of government programming. \"Right now the land reform budget is sitting at 0.4% of the national budget. \"The pace of redistribution has been slowing down since 2007, the height of land reform.\" 'We will not allow anarchy' Defending itself the ANC said the process of willing-buyer willing-seller had not worked. Land owners, particularly white famers, are accused of increasing the price of the land each time the government tried to buy it for redistribution or indeed restitution. \"It has become patently clear that our people want the constitution to be more explicit about expropriation of land without compensation, as demonstrated in the public hearings,\" Mr Ramaphosa said in his TV address. \"The intention of this proposed amendment is to promote redress, advance economic development, increase agricultural production and food security.\" But the concern is that South Africa's poor majority could have their hopes raised by objectives that are almost certainly unattainable. There is no evidence to show that most Zimbabweans became better off after the land grabs we saw in the early 2000s. Zimbabwe's land reform Read more: What happened to Zimbabwe's land reforms? If anything, millions of them left their country seeking better economic opportunities across the border here in South Africa because of the hardships they faced as a result of the anarchy created by the land invasions. There have also been warnings about Venezuela, where land was redistributed from the rich to the poor more than a decade ago with the aim of boosting production. But the Latin American country has gone from producing 70% of its food to importing 70% of it, according to the Confederation of Associations of Agricultural Producers. In response, Mr Ramaphosa has sought to reassure the naysayers. \"We will not allow land grabs or anarchy. I am saying we will handle this challenge. Once we addressed and resolved the land question, the country will take off,\" he said. \"I have full confidence that if we could negotiate the death of apartheid, we will be able to find a solution that will put the land issue to bed so that this country can really unleash its power.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Robert F Smith, one of America's most prominent black philanthropists, was giving an address at Morehouse College, a historically all-male black college. Nearly 400 students will benefit at a cost of tens of millions of dollars. The class of 2019 and their teachers were stunned at the news before breaking into applause. Mr Smith, 56, founded private equity firm Vista Equity Partners in 2000 to invest in software companies, and has a personal net worth of $5bn, according to Forbes. \"On behalf of the eight generations of my family that have been in this country, we're gonna put a little fuel in your bus,\" Mr Smith told the graduates on Sunday. \"This is my class, 2019. And my family is making a grant to eliminate their student loans.\" The billionaire was at the college to receive an honorary doctorate and had already announced a donation of $1.5m to Morehouse. The exact cost of Mr Smith's latest act of generosity is unclear, as the college has yet to calculate the total debt of the students who will benefit, but it is estimated to be at least $10m (£7.7m) and could be significantly higher. How did they react? Aaron Mitchom, 22, wept at the news that he would not have to pay back $200,000 in loans he had taken out to fund his finance studies, AP news agency reports. \"I was shocked,\" he said. \"My heart dropped. We all cried. In the moment it was like a burden had been taken off.\" Morehouse College president David A Thomas was quoted by CNN as saying: \"When you have to service debt, the choices about what you can go do in the world are constrained. \"[The grant] gives them the liberty to follow their dreams, their passions.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Sienna Richardson, from Telford, was diagnosed with Landau Kleffner syndrome. The family secured a prescription from a private practice for her - which her mother said had been a \"miracle\". They are now campaigning with other families to ensure the treatment is more widely available on the NHS. Sienna was diagnosed after her parents noticed problems with her speech and understanding. Steroid treatments were not successful and, while surgery was an option, it could leave Sienna with paralysis of her left side. Her family said they believed the medicinal cannabis oil Bedrolite offered the best hope. Despite a law change to allow the prescription of cannabis-based medications, some families have been unable to secure it on the NHS and a campaign began to raise £15,000 for Sienna's treatment. Her family had raised over £8,000 before the start of the pandemic, and used the money to secure a private prescription. Sienna's mother, Lucy Richardson, said they saw improvements within weeks. \"Since taking it she is able to understand and speak normally,\" she said. \"She is living a normal life, she is still in mainstream school, playing with friends, she is doing really, really well. \"When we saw her getting better and better, it was amazing.\" The medication costs about £1,400 per month, which the family will have to fund themselves in the new year. They are supporting a campaign by End our Pain and Epilepsy Action for access to cannabis-based medicines for children with severe and treatment-resistant epilepsy. \"It is a massive stress. We worry about how we will fund it, but there is no choice. We have to do it so Sienna can live a normal life,\" Mrs Richardson said. \"If we got it on the NHS, that would be amazing.\" Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected] Related Internet Links NHS England"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Alfie Dingley, from Kenilworth, was granted a special licence in June to use medicinal cannabis oil. He has a rare form of epilepsy that causes up to 150 seizures a month but his mother, Hannah Deacon, said he has not had any seizures since July. From next week doctors will be able to prescribe medicinal cannabis in the UK. \"He's amazingly well,\" Ms Deacon told the BBC, continuing that \"he has not had any seizures\" since his cannabis oil was reintroduced. \"He's going to school every day, he's riding a horse, he's riding a bike. He has a pretty much normal life,\" she said. Alfie's family petitioned the government in March after they found his condition improved when he was given a cannabis-based medication in the Netherlands, where it is legal, in September 2017. In July, the home secretary announced plans to allow specialist doctors in the UK to legally prescribe cannabis-derived medicinal products. \"In eight months we've moved hugely,\" Ms Deacon said. Ms Deacon said her son was \"coming on amazingly\" since he was granted a licence for its use. She said she \"cried\" through most of Alfie's parents' evening on Wednesday, \"because his teachers said he's just doing so well, we can't keep up with him\". \"It's extremely overwhelming,\" she said. \"When I walk him to school I know how lucky I am.\" The new legislation means products that meet safety and quality standards are to be made legal for patients with an \"exceptional clinical need\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Catherine MorrisonBBC News NI There are currently seven projects being carried out in Northern Ireland. These range from GP level to drug trials. Researchers are examining ways to treat the disease in the absence of a vaccine. Respiratory specialist Prof Cecilia O'Kane is one of those involved in a cutting edge medical trial - the Realist study - led by Queen's University Belfast. Researchers are injecting critically ill patients in intensive care with a particular kind of stem cell. They have signed up 12 patients so far to participate in the study. They need 60 in total, but Prof O'Kane is confident they will get them. Initial testing in the laboratory has shown these mesenchymal stromal cells or MSCs may help in the recovery of patients whose lungs have been damaged by coronavirus. \"We know that they can help clear bacteria and viruses,\" she said. \"We know that they reduce inflammation and we know they promote the repair of the lining of the lung and the blood vessels that supply the lungs, and there are very few therapies or very few drugs that would do all three of those things. \"And in fact often if you inhibit inflammation with a drug you actually stop the body's ability to fight infection. \"MSCs are a really unique kind of therapy because they can actually target all the three aspects of the damage that is happening in the Covid-infected lung.\" 'Speed of movement' The results won't come through in time for this wave, but researchers hope they will be of significance in the future. \"For the next wave when and if it likely does happen, we need to understand what therapies do work for these patients,\" she said. \"What would be catastrophic for us is to hit a second wave and not have answers about the various different interventions that are being trialled and not know what the right therapies to give those patients would be.\" Across Northern Ireland, 170 patients are taking part in various studies in every health trust area. The speed at which the research is moving has not been seen before. Dr Maurice O'Kane is the director of the NI Clinical Research Network. \"Normally large clinical research trials take a very long time to set up but if I could take the example of the Recovery study which is I think the biggest Covid study being undertaken in the world,\" he said. \"From the study being designed to the first patient recruited was a small number of weeks and this speed of movement is really unprecedented.\" And in all of this, the patients are key. \"We couldn't do research without the help of the participants,\" said Dr Janice Bailie, from the Public Health Agency. \"We do everything that we possibly can to ensure the safety of those patients and to minimise their risk in participating in research. \"But we are so grateful to the patients for helping us to find out new knowledge about something like Covid-19 which is such a huge challenge to the health system at the moment.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The move, which would see the amount increased from £6.20 to £6.40 an hour, has been put forward after a review by the department of economic development. The changes would apply to Isle of Man workers over the age of 18. Economic development minister, John Shimmin said he hopes the changes \"will providing an incentive to those who are able to work to seek employment\". Related Internet Links Economic Development Tynwald"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 2% increase, approved by Social Security Minister Deputy Ian Gorst, will result in islanders being paid at least £6.32 an hour compared with the current rate of £6.20. The new rate, which will be introduced in April, follows an island-wide consultation. Deputy Gorst has also approved plans to increase the trainee wage by 2% - bringing that rate up to £4.74 an hour."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Robert PestonEconomics editor So, as I mentioned earlier this week, Britain's longest depression since serious record-keeping began is now officially over. Plainly this is good news (and do read my earlier note for reasons why you probably won't be feeling as prosperous as you did six years ago, or why the actual moment of depression's end will probably turn out to have been a bit earlier than currently thought). Here's one positive knock-on: an unexpectedly large growth in profits announced by Royal Bank of Scotland this morning - which has boosted RBS's capital and share price, and perhaps means taxpayers' losses on the eventual privatisation of the bank won't be as ginormous as feared. So what kind of recovery has this been? Well it has been completely dominated by our service industries. Which should not be a great surprise since they contribute more than three quarters to our national output. Glass half full? Without a resurgence in services, there would be no prospect at all of the UK regaining the income lost in the great crash of 2007-8. But nonetheless many will be slightly depressed that although the service economy is now just under 3% bigger than it was at the peak, manufacturing is still more than 7% smaller, and the production industries as a whole have been diminished by 11%. As I have bored on about for a while, although it is heart-warming to see UK manufacturing growing right now, there has been no rebalancing of the economy back towards the makers. Also, within services, the contribution of shoppers to the recovery remains immense - and the retail trade made the biggest contribution to the latest quarter's services surge. That suggests we may be at a premature end to households' attempts to strengthen their finances and pay down debts - and shows that growth in the economy remains perilously sensitive to the cost of money. Or to resume my habit of telling you stuff you know, the scale and pace of interest rate rises will have a hugely important bearing on the sustainability of this recovery. That said, the glass is definitely half full today. Boom and bust The UK is growing much faster than all the UK's big rich competitor economies, including Germany and America. And although it has taken us much longer to grow above the past peak than it did for the US and Germany, the original contraction in our economy was much sharper than for them - because we were so dependent on our bloated, hobbled banks. Here is the measure of how and why, for the UK especially, a depression caused by a banking crisis is so much worse than other economic contractions. We are now 25 quarters, or six years and three months, since the slump began. After 25 quarters had elapsed from the very painful downturn of 1979, the contraction that defined the early years of Margaret Thatcher's government, the British economy was 8% bigger than its previous peak. And 25 quarters after the recession of 1990, that caused by Nigel Lawson's boom and bust, the UK was 16% larger than its past record level. Today, 25 quarters on from a great crash that many blame on Gordon Brown's complacent attitude to City regulation, the economy is more-or-less the same size as it was. Lest we forget, this has been the mother of all modern depressions."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dom Ansah and Ben Gillham-Rice, both 17, were fatally stabbed at the party in Milton Keynes on 19 October 2019. Charlie Chandler, 23, Clayton Barker, 20, and two 17-year-olds were convicted of murder last month, while Earl Bevans, 23, pleaded guilty at the start of the trial. They will be sentenced on Wednesday. Chandler and Barker, both of Bletchley, Milton Keynes, and the two unnamed teenagers were also found guilty of two counts of wounding other partygoers. Bevans, of no fixed address, had also pleaded guilty on those counts. On Tuesday, Jason Rice, Ben's father, told Luton Crown Court his son was \"infectiously funny\". He said: \"As parents we only wanted to protect, love and watch Ben grow, explore and fulfil his dreams and ambitions. All of these have been taken away.\" He said Ben's family's hearts had \"been shattered like a piece of glass into thousands of pieces\" and he called for the killers to be given life sentences. \"When they killed Ben, they killed us. Their actions mean that we are left with our own life sentence,\" he said. Tracey Ansah, Dom's mother, said nearly 500 people had attended her son's funeral. \"My heart breaks every day waking up and feeling this gut-wrenching pain,\" she said. Mrs Ansah said Dom would \"never be a father, an uncle\". \"He will never pass his driving test, he will never open that barbershop he wanted, he will never get the chance to do anything again,\" she said. The court previously heard the attackers were connected to the B3 gang in west Bletchley, Milton Keynes. After a tip-off that people associated with the rival M4 group were at the party, they went to Archford Croft, Emerson Valley. Ben was stabbed six times, while prosecutor Charlotte Newell said Dom received 47 injuries before later dying in hospital. She said the \"savage\" attacks had been orchestrated within a short period and involved at least three weapons. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Jack Donoghue, 21, was stabbed in Solihull town centre on 1 December 2019 after being confronted by the gang. He was leaving Popworld nightclub at about 03:00 GMT, police said, when he was attacked by the men and fatally stabbed by Tyrall Blake. Blake, 21, of no fixed address, was found guilty of murder and assault with intent to rob. He was convicted at Birmingham Crown Court on Wednesday along with Nile Bennett 23, of Court Lane, Erdington, who was cleared of murder but found guilty of manslaughter and violent disorder. Connor Moore, 20, from Weston Road, Lichfield, admitted manslaughter and violent disorder, while 21-year-old Regan Watters, from Kitts Green Road, Stechford, also admitted manslaughter, assault with intent to rob and violent disorder. The four are set to be sentenced on Monday. They were seen on CCTV targeting people as they left various bars and clubs to travel home, West Midlands Police said. Mr Donoghue was punched and although he tried to defuse the situation, he was set upon by them. Despite being outnumbered, Mr Donoghue defended himself well, the force said, until one of the men pulled out a knife and stabbed him close to his stomach. The gang fled leaving Mr Donoghue fatally wounded. Det Insp Jim Mahon, who led the investigation, said: \"This was an appalling, senseless attack on an innocent young man just trying to enjoy a night out in Solihull with friends. \"These four thugs were determined to cause trouble and inflict violence that night, and for some reason decided to pick on Jack.\" He added there had been an \"absolutely fantastic response\" to a public appeal for information, which had helped secure Friday's convictions. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Some 20 teenagers originally faced murder charges following the 2010 murder of Sofyen Belamouadden under a law increasingly being used to tackle gang violence. After four trials lasting 21 months, three have been convicted of murder, five of manslaughter, including Bayode, 12 of lesser charges and three cleared. The case is the latest example of how the law of joint enterprise can be deployed to successfully prosecute crimes involving large numbers of people. But some campaigners argue the law is a \"lazy\" option for prosecutors and can lead to miscarriages of justice. The centuries-old law allows a whole group of people to be prosecuted for the differing roles they played in a murder. There is a version of the law in Scotland, although it is applied slightly differently. Historically, joint enterprise helped authorities deal with duels, enabling them to prosecute the duellers, their supporters and doctors who treated the wounded. To make a normal murder charge stick, prosecutors need to prove the defendant intended to kill. But the terms of joint enterprise are different - and at the heart of it is the concept of foresight. Prosecutors must prove the defendants were involved in some kind of common criminal enterprise and, in the course of their actions, the individuals could have foreseen that one member of the group might kill or inflict serious harm. In other words, if three friends were walking down the road and one stabbed a passer-by, the others could not be prosecuted if they genuinely had no idea that their companion was carrying a knife or intended to use it. But if the trio looked for trouble, and each person knew that one of them was carrying a knife as a weapon, then each could be convicted over its use because they could have foreseen the consequences. The most well-known and controversial conviction involving joint enterprise was that of Derek Bentley in 1952, for the murder of a policeman. He was convicted of the shooting and subsequently hanged. But he did not pull the trigger and the killer was too young to be sentenced to death. Bentley was in fact convicted on his disputed words - \"Let him have it\" - and on the joint enterprise principle that he could have foreseen the outcome. After a long campaign, the Court of Appeal quashed the conviction in 1998. A more recent case went all the way to the House of Lords. In 2004, Tyrone Clarke was stabbed to death in a gang fight in Leeds - and four men were convicted of his murder. They lost their appeal after the Law Lords concluded they could be found guilty by joint enterprise, even though there was no evidence that any of the four had inflicted the fatal injuries. The legislation has been used increasingly in recent years to deal with knife crime among teenage gangs as it allows police to cast a net widely and deal with walls of silence. Metropolitan Police Commander Simon Foy said this was a reflection of detectives' growing experience in investigating such murders. \"I've heard it called a lazy law and that we're just scooping people up, but it's a painstaking account of everyone who has been involved. That description is not accurate,\" he says. But campaign group Joint Enterprise Not Guilty by Association (Jengba) says the law promotes miscarriages of justice. It has been approached by 338 people who say they have been wrongfully convicted. \"Many of whom are serving life sentences for something they did not do, did not foresee what was going to happen nor intend to happen, but have been convicted by an archaic law that is being abused to get convictions and not justice,\" co-ordinator Gloria Morrison says. You can find out more about the history and development of the law of joint enterprise by listening to this BBC Radio 4 Law in Action programme from 2009."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The International Otter Survival Fund (IOSF) said research suggests animals in England and Wales die younger than in other parts of Europe. It said water pollution was a factor behind the shorter lifespan. The Skye-based IOSF, whose work includes rescuing orphaned cubs, said information on what age otters in Scotland were living to was lacking. The charity's Grace Yoxon said: \"It seems that otters in England and Wales are dying much younger than those in Germany and Czech Republic. \"Out of 110 otters analysed only 10 were over four years of age and the oldest was eight. \"In Germany and Czech Republic they have been as old as 15, so clearly something is seriously wrong.\" She added: \"Otters from Scotland have not been analysed since the 1990s so who knows what is going on.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Otter-shaped paw prints and half-eaten eels have been found near the river that passes through the farm at the Donkey Sanctuary in Sidmouth. The charity said it was keeping watch for further signs at Paccombe Farm near, Sidmouth. The charity occupies 400 acres across Devon and Dorset. 'No stranger' Farm manager Annie Brown said: \"It's very exciting that otters appear to be taking up residence, and we will be keeping watch for further signs of them, and hopefully a sighting or two in the not too distant future. \"Otters are no stranger to Donkey Sanctuary land - 2007 marked their return to the River Axe at our East Axnoller farm near Beaminster, Dorset, after many years of being absent,\" she added. The charity said it was carrying out regular patrols to try and gauge the amount of otter activity in the area, and would work with the Devon Wildlife Trust to a keep a record of any sightings. It added that it also work to improve the habitat in the hope to encourage more otters into the area. The Devon farm occupies 93 acres of woodland and 81 acres of fields and grassland through which the River Sid runs."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The finds sparked suggestions ships' propellers had struck them. Researchers now think the injuries were caused during attacks by other seals, who ate their victims. The Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) observed a grey seal killing five young seals, leaving the spiral injuries. Similar behaviour by seals has been recorded in Germany and scientists have suggested such attacks may be more common than previously thought. They believe it could explain the unusual clusters of injured seals found in Scottish waters. Until now it was thought the animals had died after being caught in ships propellers because of the spiral cuts on their skin. The injury has been described as a single, smooth-edged wound starting at the head and spiralling around the body. The SMRU, based at St Andrews University, was commissioned by Marine Scotland to investigate after 86 seal carcasses were found between 2009 and October 2014 with the distinctive markings. A number of grey seals in the Firth of Forth were tagged to examine potential interactions with shipping and discover if any suffered the spiral injuries. In December 2014 the scientists recorded an adult male seal on the Isle of May, in the Firth of Forth. The SMRU said: \"The Isle of May has been a hotspot for corkscrew injuries with multiple strandings recorded in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014.\" Seal attack The adult male seal was caught on camera attacking, attempting to drown, then killing and eating a weaned grey seal pup. The SMRU described the attack: \"It grabbed the pup by the scruff of the neck and dragged it over 20m to a shallow freshwater pool. \"The adult then climbed on top of the pup, forced its head under water and held it until its struggle subsided.\" Over a period of 10 days the grey seal was observed killing five seal pups, and a further nine pup carcasses were found in locations where the adult had been sighted. The seal was then traced by researchers to Denmark and Germany. Of the 14 pups the researchers believe the adult male killed, 12 had the characteristics wounds that started at the head and spiralled down the body. The report concluded: \"The wound pattern seen on the grey seal pups at the Isle of May clearly resembled those that have been recorded as corkscrew wounds on previous grey and harbour seal cases in Scotland.\" 'Important evidence' Marine Scotland said this new evidence does not completely eliminate ship propellers, but they are less likely to be a key factor. The government agency said it will continue to fund research into this issue to understand what caused these unusual deaths. Environment Secretary Richard Lochhead said: \"The clusters of corkscrew seal deaths were unusual and worrying. \"In common with many of the creatures that live in our seas, seals are animals that are loved by the public. \"It is very important that we understand what caused these unusual deaths and we now have important evidence that natural predatory behaviour is likely to be the main cause, rather than ship propeller injuries as we first thought.\" He added: \"Marine Scotland will continue to monitor our seal population for further injuries and any evidence about the causes.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Diabetes UK Cymru's Dai Williams said cash from the tax should help address ill-health linked to sugar. The Welsh Government is due to get £47m in extra funding over two years because of spending in England linked to the levy. A spokeswoman for Welsh ministers said they had received \"modest\" funding that had already been allocated. But First Minister Carwyn Jones suggested in March that some of the cash could be directed towards tackling childhood obesity. Welsh ministers have welcomed the UK-wide levy - launched on 6 April - which will require soft drinks firms to pay 18p a litre on drinks with more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, or 24p if the drink has more than 8g of sugar per 100ml. Many drinks firms have reformulated their products in response to the tax, and forecasts for how much the levy would raise have fallen from £520m to £240m. Health bodies have called for a tax on sugary drinks as a measure to tackle obesity. The National Survey for Wales 2016-17 found obesity in Wales was worse than in any other UK nation - with 59% of adults overweight and 23% classed as obese. Mr Williams praised the tax and, calling for any extra money for Wales to be ring-fenced, said: \"What we should be doing is putting that money into the NHS and supporting diabetes care for example, or using it to prevent obesity. \"We are currently spending £1bn in the NHS in Wales on diabetes in Wales - largely type two. I think any money raised should go someway to supporting that.\" \"It is causing ill-health, therefore the money raised from the tax on sugar should be used on making right what the industry has created,\" he added. Dr David Bailey, chairman of the British Medical Association's Welsh Council, said: \"We welcome the introduction of the tax but a sugar tax alone is not enough. \"The money raised from the tax must be reinvested into the NHS to help improve the nations health.\" Original plans earmarked cash from the levy to help fund initiatives in English schools, worth around £400m a year, including PE lesson improvements, breakfast clubs and more sports activities. However, the sums of cash originally forecasted were larger than how much will now be raised, and the schemes began before the levy was in place, suggesting not all the funding has come from the tax. According to the Welsh Government, the schemes were worth £9.5m in 2017-18, £21m in 2018-19; and £26m in 2019-20 in extra funding. As with all consequential extra funding, the sum is added to the overall Welsh budget and ministers in Cardiff decide how it is spent. Plaid Cymru's health spokesman Rhun ap Iorwerth, whose party has supported the tax for some time, said the money should go towards tackling obesity among young people as part of a \"preventative health agenda\". \"Improving the wellbeing of future generations starts with taking steps today to encourage more active and healthy lifestyles,\" he added. But a UKIP Wales spokesman said: \"UKIP has always stood on the side of informed consumer choice and personal responsibility. The proposals for a sugar tax are sour, not sweet.\" First Minister Carwyn Jones told the Senedd in March he was considering directing some of the cash towards tackling obesity. But he called the amount of funding \"modest\" and said it had been allocated \"for maintaining free school breakfasts, new funding for summer holiday clubs, investing more in childhood immunisation and, of course, looking at taking forward a transformation fund in health\". A Welsh Government spokesman welcomed the levy and said it was pleased many drinks manufacturers had cut the sugar from their products before it came into force. He added the Welsh Government would continue to allocate consequential funding in line with its priorities, including how additional funding could help to support child health."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By John CampbellBBC News NI Economics & Business Editor The Prime Minister has announced the health service is to get an extra £20bn a year by 2023. That will mean an automatic allocation for Northern Ireland, based on its UK population share of just over 3%. However, a Stormont Executive, or direct rule minister, would not be obliged to spend the money on health. Day-to-day spending on the health service in Northern Ireland in 2018/19 is due to be just over £5.3bn. That accounts for just under half of all departmental public spending in Northern Ireland. The additional funds will see NHS spending in England rise by 3.4% annually - but that is still less than the 3.7% average rise the NHS has had since 1948. Analysis BBC News NI Health Correspondent, Marie-Louise Connolly England's health service is to receive a massive cash present to celebrate its 70th birthday. But aren't the devolved regions celebrating 70 years of the health service too? Northern Ireland, along with the other devolved regions, will get a smaller present. Local economists say that could mean an additional £600m by 2023. But the devolved governments can decide how they would like to spend it. It does not mean it goes directly to health and social care. While no doubt the Department of Health in Northern Ireland will stretch out the begging bowl again, the executive might decide to spread the cash around. That brings us to another problem. Currently, Northern Ireland doesn't have an executive, so who will decide how the cash will be spent? Of course the prime minister's cash present comes with a little bit of spin. How much of this extra spending is above existing plans? Is it all entirely \"new\" money? Health spending in England was due to increase by £2.6bn in cash terms anyway. Northern Ireland, of course, is benefitting from the DUP confidence-and-supply deal. Details of how much exactly has been released remain unclear. The prime minister said this would be funded partly by a \"Brexit dividend\", but also hinted at tax rises. In a BBC interview, Mrs May did not spell out how the £20bn a year would be funded but said: \"As a country we will be contributing more, a bit more, but also we will have that sum of money that is available from the European Union.\" But Commons Health and Social Care Committee chairwoman Sarah Wollaston described the idea of a Brexit dividend as \"tosh\". The Conservative MP accused the government of using \"populist arguments rather than evidence\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Joe MillerBusiness reporter, New York Coca-Cola maintained the top-spot, but sales of its sugar-free alternative fell by 6.6%, according to new figures by trade publication Beverage Digest. Diet Pepsi sales fell by more than 5%. Nonetheless, both companies posted a modest increase in overall sales in 2014. Once a common sight on dining tables across the country, fizzy drinks have fallen out of favour in the US over the past decade. Low-calorie alternatives that replace sugar with sweeteners such as aspartame have also declined in popularity, due to concerns about the side-effects of their ingredients. Consequently, sales of healthier alternatives have risen sharply. Bottled water flew off the shelves in 2014, boosting Nestle's sales by 9%. Energy drinks and cold coffees also increased in popularity. \"There has been a tremendous migration to other categories in recent years,\" John Sicher, editor of Beverage Digest, told the BBC. Concerns by some consumers about \"obesity and health and wellness\" have led to greater scrutiny of the ingredients used by big brands, he added. The likes of Coca-Cola and Pepsi are now trying to get \"calorie levels lower with the use of natural sweeteners\". Coke recently released Coca-Cola Life, which is made with stevia sweetener and has 27 calories per 100mL, compared with 42 for regular Coke. The company's overall sales rose last year for the first time since 2000. Despite the decline in fizzy drink sales, the overall refreshment beverage market in the US grew by 2.2% - the strongest rate for several years, according to New York's Beverage Marketing Corporation. The consultancy added that the US drinks business was worth $160bn in 2014."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In a new report, it said most North Koreans also lacked access to basic healthcare or sanitation. Diarrhoea and pneumonia are the two main causes of death for children under five, the report said. Humanitarian needs had been exacerbated by \"recurrent natural hazards\", such as frequent floods and drought. \"Amidst political tensions, an estimated 18 million people across DPRK [North Korea] continue to suffer from food insecurity and undernutrition, as well as a lack of access to basic services,\" the UN report said. \"Furthermore, 10.5 million people, or 41% of the total population, are undernourished.\" Isolated North Korea, which has a population of about 25 million, has faced significant food shortages for years. Hundreds of thousands are believed to have died during a widespread famine in the 1990s. The UN report said the situation had improved since then, \"in part as a result of humanitarian assistance\". However, two-thirds of North Koreans still depend on food being distributed by the state. The UN report said rations of items such as cereals and potatoes had been reduced from 380g per person per day to just 300g for several months last year. \"Fluctuations over the year are normal,\" it said, but added that state \"rations are consistently lower than the government target of an average of 573g per person per day\". North Korea is heavily sanctioned under UN resolutions for its nuclear and missile tests. The report said international sanctions had affected humanitarian efforts, making it more difficult for agencies to transfer funds and equipment. It also noted a \"radical decline in donor funding since 2012\". \"As a result agencies have been forced to significantly reduce the assistance they provide. Consequently, critical needs of some of the most vulnerable have not been met. \"More predictable funding is urgently required to ensure the immediate needs of the most vulnerable are addressed.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In power since December 2011, the 30-year-old Mr Kim is an inexperienced and untested leader. His intentions are unclear, and some analysts question whether he is speaking out to strengthen his position or at the bidding of older, more experienced figures. Not much is certain about who holds real power inside the secretive state. But here are some of the people who North Korea watchers consider to be closely involved in running the country. For a full profile of Kim Jong-un, click here. Kim Kyong-hui and Chang Song-taek Kim Kyong-hui is the younger sister of Kim Jong-un's late father, Kim Jong-il. She and her husband, Chang Song-taek, have been central to North Korean politics for four decades and hold multiple titles in government. They are believed to be in their mid-60s. When the inexperienced Kim Jong-un became the new leader in 2011, the couple were widely thought to be acting as his mentors. The couple were pictured flanking Kim Jong-un recently when he vowed to keep nuclear weapons as \"the nation's life treasure\". Analysts say creating an image as a military leader and consolidating his position as figurehead is partially behind the strident rhetoric. Chang Song-taek was a trusted friend of Kim Jong-il's. He steadily rose through the ranks of the Korean Workers Party (KWP) after joining in the early 1970s and was elected to the Central Committee in 1992. But sometime in 2004, he suddenly disappeared from politics and was believed to have been arrested and sent for political \"re-education\". Some observers said that despite his close relationship with Kim Jong-il, Mr Chang was considered to have become too influential with too large a personal support base and hence deemed a threat to the established order. He emerged two years later to be seen regularly alongside Kim Jong-il, becoming more prominent after the leader's suspected stroke in 2008. Mr Chang is considered an administrative official, but he is also a vice-president of the National Defence Commission, a member of the politburo. In June 2010, South Korean news agency Yonhap described Mr Chang as \"guardian of Kim Jong-un\". North Korea watchers often consider him to be the real power behind the throne. Mrs Kim is a former light industry minister and a member of the politburo and secretariat. She disappeared from public life at the same time as her husband, emerging in 2009. But after that, she was regularly seen alongside her brother at official events and inspections. In 2010, she was named a four-star general. During their period in the political wilderness, the couple's daughter died in France. Some reports said she killed herself after they refused to allow her to marry her boyfriend. Hyon Yong-chol was promoted to the post of vice-marshal in the North Korean People's Army on 17 July 2012, one of several people holding the post concurrently. KCNA news agency later confirmed his as the chief of the general staff of the Korean People's Army. The previously little-known general rose to sudden prominence, replacing the powerful former army chief, Ri Yong-ho. Analysts said at the time that the reshuffle appeared to be an attempt by Kim Jong-un to stamp his authority on the army - and the apparent purge of Mr Ri suggested he is not averse to employing well-worn North Korean tactics to ensure loyalty to the leadership. Very little is known about Mr Hyon, but he is believed to have been a general since 2010 and is a member of the central committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. In a clear sign of his growing influence, he served on the committee for Kim Jong-il's funeral in December 2011. Along with Mr Chang, Choe Ryong-hae is seen as the chief image-maker of Kim Jong-un as a military leader. Mr Choe has for a long time been known to be close to the Kim family. An economics graduate, Mr Choe became a four-star general in September 2010. In April 2012, at the major Workers' Party conference which followed Kim Jong-un's appointment, Mr Choe was suddenly made a vice-marshal despite having no military background - an unprecedented move in North Korea. He was also given a raft of other titles, including director of the Korean People's Army's politburo and vice-chairman of the Workers' Party's Central Military Commission. He is something of a toy soldier, says North Korean analyst Aidan Foster-Carter, seldom, if ever, spotted in military uniform but with a high-ranking military role. He was trusted by Kim Jong-il - he was the person to whom Mr Kim turned to when he wanted a funfair to be rebuilt, for example. There is speculation that Mr Choe's rapid rise could be behind the fall from grace of the top army official Ri Yong-ho, and that the pair may have fallen out. Choe Yong-rim is an elder statesman figure in North Korea. He was described by Yonhap as being a \"long-time confidant of the late leader Kim Il-sung\", and he appears to have remained in favour with both his successors. He served twice as vice-premier under Kim Il-sung, and then in June 2010, he replaced Kim Jong-il as premier. North Korean leaders have traditionally placed great importance on visiting and being photographed at factories, farms and industrial plants. In recent months, Mr Choe has regularly been seen on such visits, a sign of the trust placed in him and his level of influence. Kim Yong-nam is the chairman of the presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly - the highest political machine in the country - and is in effect the head of state, although the position does not in practice exist in North Korea. The 85-year-old is technically responsible for foreign relations, and has been on several foreign trips, including to the Beijing Olympics in 2008. North Korea analyst Aidan Foster-Carter says those tours show he has some influence and is clearly listened to by the regime, but he is more a survivor than a key holder of power."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Daniel NasawBBC News Magazine, Kansas On 2 November 1950, Father Kapaun made the decision that led to his death. The Korean war chaplain was in the middle of a firefight, with the American forces overrun by Chinese soldiers outside a crossroads town called Unsan in North Korea. Lighting forest fires to frustrate US reconnaissance planes, the Chinese surrounded the Americans and pressed in, attacking with small arms, grenades and even bayonets. Meanwhile, Chaplain Emil Kapaun, a Catholic priest from a farming village in Kansas, gathered the wounded in a dugout shelter made of logs and straw. When American officers ordered the able-bodied to retreat, Father Kapaun, a 35-year-old captain, refused to leave the wounded. As the Chinese soldiers began lobbing grenades into the dugout, Kapaun negotiated a surrender. \"Father Kapaun had several chances to get out,\" Warrant Officer John Funston later told a Catholic priest who collected accounts of Father Kapaun's actions in Korea, \"but he wouldn't take them.\" His capture and forced march northward with hundreds of other American prisoners was merely the beginning of Father Kapaun's trial, an ordeal that ended in his death from starvation, cold and lack of basic medical care at a prison camp in North Korea six months later. For his heroism, a group of Kansas politicians is pushing to have him awarded the Medal of Honor, America's highest military decoration. Reports of Kapaun's selfless bravery have got him shortlisted for another rare high honour: the Catholic Church has named Kapaun Servant of God, the first step toward sainthood, and the Vatican has opened a formal inquiry into whether he merits canonisation. If President Obama awards him the Medal of Honor, he will be just the fifth Catholic priest to receive the award - out of 3,458 American soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen who have won it. If he is named a saint, Kapaun will be the first member of the US military so honoured. \"He gave his life for those people that he was serving,\" says Father John Hotze, an investigator for the diocese advocating for Kapaun's canonisation. \"At the time of his death, he was giving his life for his fellow prisoners... and he was that example of Christ present in the world today.\" A small-town boy When Kapaun sailed to Korea from an occupation base in Japan, he was a physically fit, hardy priest whose rugged good looks recall a young Kirk Douglas. Those who knew him remembered him as a man's man who loved the rough army life, enjoyed bowling and talking sport with the lads, and who cared deeply for the young men under his care, be they Catholic, Protestant or Jewish. \"He was a strong, holy man and he was very determined to do what the bishop wanted him - help the boys,\" says his sister-in-law Helen Kapaun, 83. \"It's really hard to think of him as so brave and having so much courage and strength. Not because of what I had seen in him, only because I never realised he could be that strong and holy.\" Kapaun was born in 1916 to a poor family in Pilsen, a tiny farming community in central Kansas. Like other boys, he helped out on the farm, milking cows and tending livestock and weeding the garden. The resourcefulness, capacity for hard work and physical toughness needed to eke out a living on the prairie in the 1920s helped prepare him for the army - and the prison camp. Life in Pilsen centred on a small Catholic church where congregants confessed both in Czech and English, and from an early age, Kapaun earned a reputation as devout beyond his years. He left home at 14 for a Catholic boarding school run by Benedictine monks. In 1940, at age 24, Kapaun was ordained as a priest. He soon returned to give his first Mass at the church he was raised in. Pilsen celebrated him with a procession through the town. As America entered into World War II, other young men in town were leaving for the military. Kapaun wanted to join up as a chaplain, but his bishop refused. Instead, he settled into a familiar, if awkward, life as a young priest in the parish in which he was raised. \"There are people here, relatives and friends, who are superior to me (in age, in school, etc.),\" he wrote to his bishop, perhaps hinting delicately he thought he could better serve the church elsewhere. \"Some find it difficult to look up to me as their spiritual superior.\" Eventually the bishop relented, and in August 1944, Kapaun left for army chaplaincy training. 'A young calf' In his correspondence with friends, family and churchmen back home, Kapaun gushed with enthusiasm for his new role. \"Army life does a person a lot of good,\" he wrote to his parents. He particularly enjoyed the long marches. \"In the evening I feel as fresh as a young calf.\" After service in Burma and India, far from combat, Kapaun mustered out of the army in 1946. Life back in the States seemed to bore Kapaun. He completed a graduate degree in education in Washington DC, then returned to Kansas to take a position in Timken, a small town in need of a priest who could speak Czech. In summer 1948, Kapaun told the army he would return to the chaplaincy if given permission. On an army questionnaire, he specifically requested extended duty overseas, according to his biographer William Maher. So Kapaun again donned the uniform of a US Army officer, this time as a captain. In January 1950, he was crossing the Pacific for Japan, assigned to the 8th Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division. Those men were among the first US troops to join the fight in Korea, crossing the Sea of Japan and landing at Pohangdong, South Korea, in July 1950. \"Tomorrow we are going into combat,\" he wrote to Bishop Mark Carroll of Wichita. \"I have everything in order, all Mass stipends, my will, etc.\" Foxhole hopping Within days Kapaun and his comrades were on the front lines, engaged in heavy fighting against the North Korean forces. As a chaplain, Kapaun never appears to have fired on enemy forces personally, though he admitted to carrying a weapon at times. But he refused to stay behind, putting himself in as much danger as any of the grunts in his unit and exhibiting awe-inspiring bravery, his comrades have recounted to army and church investigators. With the troops dug into fighting positions, Kapaun would dash back and forth along the line, jumping from one foxhole to another to check on the men, pray with them and tend to the wounded. \"He came to me when I was in charge of setting up headquarters and asked if he could say Mass for the men in that area,\" Captain Joseph O'Connor recalled in 1954. \"I said, 'Father, things are pretty hot here at present and I don't think you should be up here.' Father said, 'Then I think we need a Mass, Captain'.\" He also administered last rites to countless dying soldiers, helped bury American and enemy dead, and wrote personal letters to the families of fallen soldiers. \"I have been on the front lines for eight days. We were machine-gunned, hit by mortars and tanks,\" he wrote to friends in Timken, Kansas. \"Three times we escaped with our lives... God has been good to me. Others have not been so fortunate. There are many horrors in war. A fellow can only stand so much.\" During a battle on 2 August 1950, Kapaun and another officer ran across the no man's land between the lines, dodging intense machine-gun and small-arms fire, to rescue a wounded soldier. For his efforts, Kapaun was awarded the Bronze Star, one of the highest combat decorations in the US military. 'Turned into animals' Kapaun had several close calls. During one battle, his tobacco pipe was shot from his mouth. In another, a 88mm tank shell whizzed by his head, knocking his helmet off. On the night of his capture at Unsan, Kapaun and about 15 to 25 wounded who could still walk left the dugout at gunpoint and joined hundreds of American prisoners on a long, desperate forced march northward, deeper into North Korea. Many of the men were too hurt to walk, and the Chinese soldiers abandoned anyone who fell behind to freeze to death. Survivors said that Kapaun, even as he was suffering frostbite on his feet, helped carry wounded men in litters hundreds of miles, shaming recalcitrant comrades into helping. Eventually, Kapaun and his fellow captives were imprisoned in a camp near Pyoktong, just south of the Yalu River. Dozens had fallen behind and died along the way. There, the Chinese and Korean captors held them in freezing and near-starving conditions. Kapaun sneaked around the camp stealing food - grain, potatoes, salt, peppers and garlic - from the Chinese stores, and fed his comrades from his own meagre rations. He tended the sick and wounded, bathing them and washing their clothes, day after day as conditions only worsened and more and more men perished. He served as a moral exemplar, survivors said, persuading the sickest and most miserable not to give up. \"By February and March, the majority of us had turned into animals, were fighting for food, irritable, selfish, miserly,\" recalled Captain Robert Burke in a 1954 letter to Father Arthur Tonne, a Kansas priest who compiled anecdotes about Kapaun. \"The good priest continued to keep a cool head, conduct himself as a human being, and maintain all his virtues and ideal characteristics. \"When the chips were down, Father proved himself to be the greatest example of manhood I've ever seen in my life.\" Through it all, the chaplain stubbornly refused to renounce his faith. He defied and confronted the guards during forced indoctrination sessions. At risk to his own safety and life, he would sneak about the camp to comfort and encourage the young enlisted men and hold secret prayer services. One survivor told Maher how Kapaun would carry a bucket on his furtive jaunts about the camp, to make it look as though he were on a chore if confronted. \"By his very presence, he could turn a stinking mud hut into a cathedral,\" the survivor, Lt Raymond Dowe, recounted to Maher. With little food, poor sanitation and almost no medical care, Kapaun's health deteriorated. By early spring he was limping from a blood clot in his leg and wore a patch over an infected eye. He contracted dysentery and pneumonia. After months in near-freezing and starving conditions, Kapaun died in late May 1951. \"In his last hour he heard my confession,\" a comrade named Felix McCool recalled in a letter to Father Tonne. \"Father Kapaun said: 'As you see, I am crying too, not tears of pain but tears of joy, because I'll be with my God in a short time.'\" Road to sainthood Father Kapaun was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the US Army's second-highest combat decoration, for his actions at Unsan. Under US law, the Medal of Honor must be recommended to the US president within two years of the deed and awarded within three years of the date of the deed. The campaign to recognise Kapaun comes as the White House said on Monday that President Obama would award a posthumous Medal of Honor to another US serviceman, Leslie Sabo, for his heroics during the Vietnam War in 1970. Sabo, 22, was recommended posthumously for the nation's highest award, but the citation ended up lost in military bureaucracy and was forgotten until 1999. Stories of Kapaun's heroics at the battle of Unsan began to trickle out right away, but his deeds at the prison camp remained mostly untold until 1953, when the North Koreans released the surviving Americans from Pyoktong. In recent years, members of Kansas's congressional delegation began lobbying their colleagues to waive the Medal of Honor time limit for Kapaun. The exemption was signed into law in December, and in January, the six congressmen and senators asked Secretary of Defence Leon Panetta to recommend that President Barack Obama award the medal - the penultimate step in a long bureaucratic process. \"He was an amazing man in multiple dimensions - in his life as a chaplain... and its intersection with his duty as a military leader,\" says Kansas Congressman Mike Pompeo. \"The two come together in these incredible stories of heroism at this difficult moment in our nation's history. He did this in a way that is so unique: not seeking glory or for himself, but always in service.\" It is unclear when or whether Mr Panetta and Mr Obama will award the medal, but Mr Pompeo says he is confident. Meanwhile, the effort of Father Hotze and the diocese of Wichita to win canonisation for Kapaun, which Father Hotze launched in 2001, has moved to Rome. There, the Vatican's Congregation for Saints will carry out its own investigation. Father Hotze speculates Kapaun was just a selfless individual whose natural inclination was to give what he had to others, including his energy and effort. On the farm in Kansas, that meant taking on whatever job was dustiest and hottest. As a young priest, it meant manual labour at the churchyard not typically performed by clergymen. But on the front lines and in the prison camp, that quality was magnified to heroic proportions because of the horrific situation in which it was expressed, Father Hotze says. \"He knew he was going to die, he had the courage and strength to realise a better way to face death is to realise you have helped these other people,\" he says. \"Even the heroic actions that he took they are not beyond the ability of any one of us. Each and every one of us can offer clothes, food, comfort, encouragement. \"He shows us that we too can be great, we too can be saintly people, based on our day-to-day actions.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Coastguards said it was thought a couple entered the sea after a night out and the woman was swept away. Rescue teams were scrambled overnight but waves of up to 3m in height made it impossible, the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) said. Conditions during an early daylight sweep on Saturday proved to be so poor it had to be cancelled. Helicopter search Solent Coastguard watch manager Paul Marlow said: \"We believe that a couple went in to the sea after a night out on the town. \"One managed to get back out but sadly the other was swept away. \"Gale force wind, rough seas and darkness make it difficult to spot a person in the water who needs help and so our request is simple - please don't end your night out with a dip.\" Coastguard, lifeboat and police teams worked to rescue the woman and a helicopter was scrambled after the alert was raised just before 02:25 GMT. Ambulance crews were also at the scene. People at the scene tried to reach the woman, believed to be from Brighton, after she went in the sea opposite the Digital Club, west of Palace Pier. Sussex Police said that by 04:40 GMT no body or person had been recovered. 'Washed away' A police spokesman said: \"The man tried to grab her but was unable to drag her to safety. \"Police officers arrived within minutes and, together with club staff and her friend, approached the sea edge but the woman was being washed further away and was inaccessible due to the very heavy sea conditions. \"Coastguards swiftly assisted the search by land and sea but the body has not, so far, been recovered and the immediate search has been discontinued at this time.\" He said it was not known why the woman went into the water but that the incident was not being treated as suspicious. Family liaison officers had contacted her next of kin, he added. Ch Supt Nev Kemp said police and coastguards searched for the woman for several hours in very difficult and dangerous weather. \"The sea was very rough indeed overnight and we always urge people to be very careful and stay away from the water's edge anywhere along the coast when the weather is so bad,\" he said. Searches continued in daylight but rescuers failed to find the woman and were stood down at 09:00. \"We will continue to be vigilant for any sightings along the beach,\" Mr Kemp added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Malika Shamas, from Luton, died after she was rescued from the water near Clacton Pier on Thursday afternoon. Two other teenagers, who were relatives of Malika, were also pulled from the water and an 18-year-old man remains in a critical condition. A 15-year-old girl is expected to make a full recovery, police said. Police said all three were treated on the beach by paramedics before being taken to Colchester General Hospital. Witnesses said the trio were pulled from the sea by emergency services with CPR being performed by onlookers until ambulances arrived. On 26 July last year, Ben Quartermaine, 15, died after getting into difficulty while swimming with a friend near Clacton Pier. His mother and stepfather Vicky and Colin Gentry said a lack of signage in Clacton was \"one of the main issues\". They have also called for better education for \"all year groups in all schools, whether coastal or not\". Clacton MP Giles Watling said the tragedy was a warning to people to be aware of the dangers of the sea. He said: \"It is extremely tragic and it is just awful this has happened two years running. \"People should be so careful about water, it is an inherently dangerous place. \"We have a very safe beach here when you bear in mind tens of thousands of people come every summer quite safely and have great times.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 21-year-old disappeared on 1 February after a night out in Hull and her body was found in the Humber estuary almost seven weeks later. Polish national Pawel Relowicz, 25, was remanded in custody when he appeared at Hull Crown Court. He did not enter any pleas during the hearing. A provisional trial date has been set for June 2020 at Sheffield Crown Court. The body of Ms Squire, from High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, was discovered in the Humber estuary following extensive searches involving hundreds of police officers and members of the public. Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"PC Karen Bloor was first diagnosed in 2014 and started raising money for Breast Cancer Care the following year. Her Just Giving page said the cancer returned in December 2020 and the officer was due to start more chemotherapy in April. Chief constable Gareth Morgan said it was a \"devastating loss to so many at Staffordshire Police and beyond\". He tweeted: \"Great cop. Brilliant dog handler. Loved by family, friends & colleagues. Fundraiser extraordinaire for Staffordshire Retired Police Dog Fund and loads of people. Big fan of lemon meringue!\" Her fundraising included a number of charity runs and she was due to take part in the Race for Life in June 2021 with her friends, known as her Army of Angels. 'True inspiration' The most recent entry on her fundraising page said: \"Karen is positive, fired up and ready to go head to head again with you cancer!\" In July 2015 she had a double mastectomy, but was unable to have reconstructive surgery because her job requires her to wear body armour. And in 2018 she supported fashion students who were designing clothes for people in a similar situation and said she wanted to make them widely available. The Staffordshire Police Federation said she was \"loved by many and a true inspiration to us all\". Staffordshire Police Cadets agreed and added: \"We salute your service to the people of Staffordshire and are ever thankful for your support.\" And the Staffordshire Association for Women in Policing said: \"We lost a fabulous woman, someone who was so brave, so gorgeous inside and out and such an inspiration!.. you will be so missed by everyone Kaz, RIP lovely lady.\" Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Breast Cancer Haven said it had taken the decision to protect its future after seeing a 50% drop in donations. The charity's sites in Solihull, West Midlands, and its Wessex site in Titchfield, Hampshire, are currently closed and will not reopen. Chief executive Sally Hall said the decision had \"not been taken lightly\". \"Unfortunately, the financial conditions imposed by the pandemic have left us very little choice, and we must put the people who have breast cancer and their families at the heart of our decisions, to ensure we are able to be there for them in the future,\" she said. The charity has 60 employees, many of whom have been on furlough. Recently it made 13 members of staff redundant and a further nine roles are now at risk. It said it would continue to support patients remotely and it planned to reopen sites in London, Leeds and Hereford when it is safe to do so. It also has outreach services at Whittington Hospital, London, and at the Worcestershire Royal Hospital. BBC Midlands Today Arts and Culture Correspondent Satnam Rana was supported by the Solihull team after her breast cancer diagnosis. She said: \"A couple of months after my mastectomy and reconstruction the emotional impact of breast cancer struck me. \"No one can really understand what it feels like and it was at Breast Cancer Haven that I found specialist help. Bit by bit I rebuilt my crushed soul. It's sad to see it go as the Solihull centre was my safe haven.\" Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Vikas PandeyBBC News, Delhi The Delhi-based founder of fashion label Ilk had to reorganise everything around her. Her work, her friends and her future plans momentarily took a backseat. The initial shock was too much to handle, but she picked herself up and decided to fight the disease with support from her family and friends. She launched a social media initiative to encourage more women to routinely get screened for breast cancer. What followed was an urgent surgery and prolonged rounds of chemotherapy. She visited hospitals several times in the first month and \"it was all going fine\". But then the number of Covid-19 cases started rising in several states, including Delhi. She frantically began scouring the internet for information on Covid-19 and cancer. Soon she realised that she was at higher risk of infection and, if she caught the virus, the consequences could be dangerous. The possibility of a \"double whammy\" frightened her, but also strengthened her precautionary measures while visiting hospitals. She says vaccination is the more \"secure way\" of keeping Covid away, but she can't get the jab because she is not eligible for it. And she is not alone - India has tens of thousands of young patients who are in the high risk category and need vaccination urgently. But India is yet to allow people under the age of 45 to get vaccinated even if they are diagnosed with a life-threatening disease, which makes them more vulnerable to a Covid infection. This was \"heart-breaking\" for Shikha, who contacted several hospitals to get vaccinated but wasn't successful. She says she will keep trying \"to check with different hospitals until she finds a way out\". \"I am doing well in beating the dreaded cancer and I am on the mend, but the risk of Covid doesn't let me sleep,\" she says. She still has several rounds of chemotherapy left, which can only happen in hospitals where the risk of getting Covid is high. And cancer patients like her are especially vulnerable. The European Society For Medical Oncology has advised governments across the world that cancer patients should be prioritised - irrespective of their age - during Covid vaccination drives. A study published in Nature has also advised countries to prioritise vaccination for specific cancers. Several countries like the UK have been prioritising high-risk groups such as patients with specific cancers. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also recommended vaccination for people (16-64) with underlying medical conditions, which increases the risk of serious, life-threatening complications from Covid-19. Prominent Indian oncologist Dr Ganapathi Bhat, who has treated hundreds of cancer patients, says it's concerning that the government has not allowed younger cancer patients to get vaccinated. He says cancer patients are immunocompromised, they are at high risk for severe Covid-19 infection and outcomes include delayed recovery and higher mortality rates. \"Therefore, it is utmost priority to protect their health, so that they continue their treatment without interruption,\" he says. Some have argued that a blanket permission to allow all cancer patients to get Covid jabs is not feasible. Dr Bhat says patients of acute leukaemia and those undergoing stem cell transplant need expert advice before they can be vaccinated against Covid. But doctors are not allowed to make that decision at the moment. Dr Bhat says treating oncologists should have the choice to prescribe Covid jabs to their younger patients after clinical evaluation. Shikha says her doctor has advised her to get vaccinated \"as soon as possible as he is really worried\". \"The hunt for the vaccine has been draining,\" she says, adding that being diagnosed with cancer causes \"unimaginable physiological stress\". \"But not getting the vaccine has increased that stress a thousand times more. We deserve better care,\" she adds. The Indian government on Tuesday opened vaccination for people between the age of 45 and 59, but it did not say anything about the high-risk category under the age of 45. It said further relaxation would be announced when the current phase of the drive is complete. Doctors agree that cancer patients are more at risk because hospital-acquired Covid-19 is a reality. Dr Om Shrivastava, a prominent infectious diseases specialist, says that many patients suffering from life-threatening diseases have to visit hospitals for procedures like chemotherapy. \"They are always at risk of contracting Covid at hospitals and getting them vaccinated should be picked up urgently,\" he says. But he also adds that he understands why the government did not include younger people with comorbidities in the first round of vaccination. \"Supply was limited initially and they had to calibrate,\" he says. More than 55 million doses of coronavirus vaccines have been administered so far. Nearly 40 million people have received one dose, and over eight million people have been fully vaccinated after receiving two doses. Dr Shrivastava believes \"now is the time to focus on vulnerable groups under the age of 45\". Dr Bhat agrees, adding that a separate policy has to be made for cancer patients which looks at critical issues like finding out the right interval needed between the two doses of the two vaccines - Covishield (AstraZeneca) and ingenious Covaxin - which have been approved in India. A recent study by King's College London and Francis Crick Institute found that \"antibody responses at week three, following the first dose of the vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) were only 39% and 13% in the solid and haematological cancers, compared to 97% in those without cancer\". But the study found that when the same patients were given the second dose of the jab three weeks after the first one, \"the immune response improved significantly for solid cancer patients with 95% of them showing detectable antibodies within just two weeks\". \"By contrast, those who did not get a vaccine boost at three weeks did not see any real improvement,\" it concluded. India has recently increased the interval between the two jabs from 4-6 weeks to 4-8 weeks, but there is no separate policy for high-risk patients in any age group at the moment. And it's not just young cancer patients who require urgent vaccination. India has tens of thousands of chronic kidney disease patients who also require frequent hospital visits for dialysis. Professor A Fathahudeen, who heads the pulmonology department at the Ernakulam Medical College in Kerala state, says he saw many such patients pick up the coronavirus infection from hospitals during the first wave of the pandemic in June. \"Such patients [who are under the age of 45] need to be prioritised urgently. Not many can afford getting dialysis at home, and we can't leave them to their fate, they need our help,\" he says. \"I can argue that a 30-year-old cancer or chronic kidney disease patient is as much at risk as a 50-year-old manageable diabetes patient.\" Sarath KB, 33, is one such patient. He requires three dialysis sessions per week and the risk of getting Covid worries him. \"I want the government to open up vaccination for high-risk patients - irrespective of age groups,\" he says. Shikha agrees. \"We can only worry about one thing at a time, give us a fighting chance against Covid.\" Read more stories by Vikas Pandey What do I need to know about the coronavirus?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Crash expert Mark Hill told Glasgow Sheriff Court that within 19 seconds, the lorry initially accelerated to 25mph, then dropped to 19mph and 10mph. He said the lorry crew and pedestrians had as little as five seconds to react as the tragedy unfolded on 22 December. The inquiry is examining the lorry, its route and driver Harry Clarke's health. The court previously heard that the 58-year-old driver was unconscious at the wheel as the Glasgow City Council bin lorry went out of control on Queen Street in the city centre, killing six pedestrians and injuring 15 others. 'Short notice' Mr Hill, a consultant with the Transport Research Laboratory, was giving evidence on the fifth day of the FAI, which is being overseen by Sheriff John Beckett QC. On Monday, he told the inquiry that the six people who died were killed within 19 seconds. In his second day of evidence, Mr Hill said the bin lorry initially accelerated as it hit the pavement and pedestrians in front of it would have had \"very short notice\" to take evasive action. The witness told the court that the two rear-seated crew members could not have known how long the crash would last. Mr Hill said that when the bin lorry began striking buildings, road signs and pedestrians, this would \"confound clear thought\" of the crew on board. The witness told the court that the crew would probably have expected the bin lorry to stop after it crashed into the Virgin Money building. He said that in the \"intense environment\" of an ongoing crash, the crew would be likely to revert to \"innate\" self-preservation. 'Perceived dread' They would have experienced \"perceived dread\" - a fear of not being in control of the situation and of suffering serious harm. Mr Hill said the crew's perception of time could have been distorted as the bin lorry veered out of control, further impacting on their decision-making. The inquiry has previously heard that the two crewmen, Matthew Telford and Henry Toal, made no attempt to apply the brake and believed they could not reach it. Neither of the men could drive and they had not been given any training on what to do if a driver fell ill at the wheel. Mr Hill's report on the crash said Mr Toal and Mr Telford would have had about five seconds in which to react. He described Mr Telford's first actions, in trying to rouse the driver Mr Clarke as \"logical\". Mr Hill noted that the crew had limited knowledge of driving and were physically constrained by the railing separating them from the front of the cabin. He said any consideration of how to stop the bin lorry would have required \"far more in-depth\" knowledge and experience. The witness said the crew would have had enough reaction time to reach the handbrake but said it was \"questionable\" if they could have made a decision during the confusion. 'Insufficient time' Mr Hill also said that engaging the handbrake could potentially have led to other buildings and people being hit. He concluded that there was \"insufficient time\" for Mr Toal and Mr Telford to react from detecting the altered course of the bin lorry to it hitting the Millennium Hotel in George Square. Mr Hill was later cross-examined by Mark Stewart QC, who is representing the bereaved Sweeney and McQuade families. He noted that parts of Mr Hill's report dealt with the psychological reactions of the crew, yet he was not a psychologist. Mr Stewart noted that there was an incident in Glasgow in 2014 where a bin lorry driver took ill and untrained crew steered the vehicle through a hedge. Mr Hill, who previously noted that the bin lorry crew were not trained in how to stop the vehicle, agreed that a trained crew could have made \"better, informed decisions about how to intervene\". He confirmed, under questioning from Mr Stewart, that a trained crew operating the handbrake could have stopped the bin lorry before it reached the St Vincent Place junction with Queen Street. The QC then noted that about 2% of road collisions were attributed to a \"driver medical event\". \"Foreseeable risk\" Mr Hill agreed that, given this statistic, driver medical conditions were a \"foreseeable risk\". Under cross-examination from Glasgow City Council's QC, Peter Gray, Mr Hill agreed that \"interfering with the handbrake\" would be a \"last resort\", even for a trained crew. He said that in cases such as this crash, there was \"a matter of seconds\" to react, and anyone doing so would need a \"cool head\". The witness said they would need to make a \"calculated decision\", as applying the handbrake could lead to \"very much worse consequences\". Mr Hill agreed with Mr Gray's assertion that any training for such an event would be \"very challenging indeed\". The witness said he found no evidence that such training existed, or that there had even been discussion of it or guidance issued from regulators. Mr Gray then asserted that \"expert guidance\" would be needed to put together such training and would involve psychologists and crash experts. Mr Hill said that while he was no training expert, crews would need a far greater knowledge of the workings of a bin lorry under such a training scheme. 'Serious consideration' The QC then concluded his cross-examination by saying that while training was \"a positive thing\" it also had \"to be practical\" and any employer offering such advanced training would have to give \"serious consideration\" to the qualifications of bin lorry crew. Liam Ewing, the representative of the bin lorry's two rear-seated crewmen, Mr Telford and Mr Toal, also cross examined Mr Hill. He highlighted a previous Glasgow City Council bin lorry crash when the vehicle went into a garden after the driver fainted. Mr Ewing noted that this incident was \"quite dissimilar\" from the George Square crash in that the lorry was going at low speed and the driver was alone in the cab. Mr Hill then agreed that the crew on board the George Square lorry would have been aware it was speeding up and would have had a limited view from their rear seats. He also agreed that they would have been in danger of hitting the windscreen if they had attempted to apply the handbrake without wearing a seatbelt. Erin McQuade, 18, her grandparents Jack Sweeney, 68, and his 69-year-old wife Lorraine, all from Dumbarton, died in the incident in the city's Queen Street and George Square. Stephenie Tait, 29, and Jacqueline Morton, 51, both from Glasgow, and Gillian Ewing, 52, from Edinburgh, were also killed when the truck mounted the pavement before crashing into the side of the Millennium Hotel. A further 15 people were injured. The Crown Office has already concluded that there will be no criminal prosecution over the crash, with senior lawyers deeming it a \"tragic accident\". Related Internet Links Scottish Courts"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Witnesses said her bike - a Barclays Cycle Hire bike - was crushed under the wheels of the Gordon Plant Hire truck. It happened at about 08:00 GMT in Victoria Street next to the Victoria Palace Theatre. The woman, in her 30s, was pronounced dead at the scene. She is the fourth cyclist to have been killed in London this year, police said. Each death involved a lorry. This week marked the start of a police highway safety operation prompted by the deaths of 29 people on London's roads since the start of the year - many of them pedestrians. The lorry driver in the most recent incident stopped at the scene and no arrests have been made. The truck was being driven along Bressenden Place, a one-way street, and had just turned left on to Victoria Street at a set of traffic lights when the cyclist was hit on the inside. Carnel Jarca, a Big Issue seller who was standing opposite the accident scene, said he heard the \"sound of crushed metal\". Des Dacosta, a maintenance engineer who approached the junction shortly after the accident, said: \"I work around here a lot and it's a very busy junction, all day and all night, it is relentless. \"It's just tragic, another cyclist killed in London.\" The crash happened close to where University College London scientist Katharine Giles was killed in April 2013. Office worker Edward Pyne said he was \"so upset to see a fellow cyclist killed right outside my work\". He said: \"I've ridden down there a few times before and it's an absolute death trap - crammed in with 8ft fences either side and nowhere to go - and construction vehicles arriving and leaving all day, including rush hour.\" Donnachadh McCarthy from the Stop Killing Cyclists campaign said: \"We're now arranging our fourth vigil since the start of the year. \"We want this to be a huge one because we are fed up.\" 'Dinosaurs' He said Westminster Council needed to do more for cyclists. \"They have spent nothing, not one penny, on putting in protective cycling for the last five years. \"Westminster Council is responsible for 95% of the roads in Westminster and they are dinosaurs. \"They are refusing to support 20mph zones in Westminster despite the fact that it is the busiest area in London for pedestrians and cyclists. What we need is people in our town halls to start spending money.\" In response, councillor Heather Acton said: \"The incident this morning has shocked us deeply, and our thoughts are with the family and friends of the cyclist involved.\" She added that making cycling safer was a key priority for the council and that it fully supported the mayor's plans for a cycling super-highway and quietways. \"We continue to keep the evidence for the impact of 20mph limits under review. That evidence from across London and elsewhere remains mixed.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mihai Dinisoae, 32, pursued his bike by car after it was taken from outside his home in Newcastle. Joshua Molloy, who had been riding the motorcycle as a pillion passenger, died after being thrown into the road. At Newcastle Crown Court, Dinisoae pleaded guilty to manslaughter after last month being cleared of murder. In what police described as a \"high-speed\" chase that was captured on CCTV footage, he drove the wrong way around roundabouts and repeatedly smashed his Vauxhall Vectra into the bike on the morning of 5 May. Mr Molloy died at the scene while a 29-year-old man who had also been on the bike suffered serious injuries and was taken to hospital. Dinisoae, of Baldwin Avenue, in the Fenham area of the city, admitted he had chased the two thieves but claimed they had lost control of the motorcycle. Northumbria Police described him as a \"vigilante killer\" who had left Mr Molloy \"to die on the roadside\". Det Insp Joanne Brooks said Dinisoae \"completely lost control of his emotions and was intent on chasing down his victims\", having made no attempt to report the theft to officers. Dinisoae was also sentenced to 36 months in jail having admitted causing serious injury by dangerous driving in relation to the crash survivor. That sentence will run alongside his term for manslaughter. Follow BBC North East & Cumbria on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Zsuzsanna Besenyei, 37, was found dead on Le Pulec beach in St Ouen, Jersey, on 16 May 2018. Jamie Lee Warn, 56, of First Tower, was also found guilty at the Royal Court of perverting the course of justice. He was remanded in custody by Judge William Bailhache until 13 November, when a sentencing date is due to be set. Warn was found guilty after a retrial, following a successful appeal against his first conviction, in 2019. The two had met while working together at a hotel, and later began an affair while Warn was already in a relationship. 'Long and complex' A this second trial, jurors were shown CCTV footage of Miss Besenyei driving to Warn's flat on 10 May 2018 at about 18:00 BST. Prosecuting, Advocate Simon Thomas said the Hungarian worker had come to collect money Warn had promised her for beauty treatments. At 20:20 BST, Warn was seen buying hand sanitiser at a local supermarket. The following day he drove Miss Besenyei's car into First Tower car park, where her body lay in the boot for three days. In the early hours of 14 May, Warn dumped the body at La Pulec beach. On his journey back he left the car in water at St Aubin's Bay and walked home. Miss Besenyei's body was discovered two days later face-down in water, but a post-mortem examination could not determine the cause of death. Det Insp Craig Jackson said it had been a \"long and complex investigation\". \"We now hope that Zsuzsanna's family can move on with their lives and they gain some form of closure from this verdict,\" he said."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mother-of-two Isobel Parker, 23, who was known as Becky, was found dead in the bath in her flat in Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex, last July. Matthew Smith, 24, had admitted killing Ms Parker but denied murder. A jury at Chelmsford Crown Court found Smith, of Wood Corner Caravan Park, Maldon, guilty by a majority verdict following a three-week trial. Follow updates on this story and other Essex news Judge Charles Gratwicke said Smith could expect a substantial sentence when he returns to court on Tuesday. Det Ch Insp Martin Pasmore said Smith \"could not accept his relationship with Isobel was over after she had moved on to the extent that she was six months pregnant by a new partner\". \"The jury has today seen through his lies and convicted him of murder.\" Ms Parker's body was found by her sister in the property in Booth Place on 17 July 2015. During the trial, the court heard she had been strangled to death with cable ties. Ms Parker ended her relationship with Smith in December 2014. He had not taken the split well and had tried to kill himself, the jury was told. The court also heard Smith was \"unhappy\" and \"very jealous\" that she was pregnant by her new boyfriend."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Using dead children's identities is \"ghoulish\" and forces must apologise, the Home Affairs Committee said. It said the law failed to protect the rights of those affected, including those in relationships with officers. The Association of Chief Police Officers said it backed more controls and would welcome a review of the law. Home affairs committee chairman Keith Vaz said the effect of undercover officers' conduct on women with whom they had relationships had been \"devastating\". A raft of allegations have been made since it became known in 2011 that former PC Mark Kennedy had spied on environmental protesters posing as long-haired dropout Mark \"Flash\" Stone and had at least one sexual relationship with an activist. 'Never again' Five women and one man are suing the Metropolitan Police over alleged intimate relationships with undercover officers, says the cross-party committee. It also says an undercover officer is alleged to have fathered a child before disappearing. \"It is unacceptable that a child should be brought into the world as a result of such a relationship and this must never be allowed to happen again,\" the committee stresses. Harriet Wistrich, the solicitor acting for eight women who had relationships with officers, said they had been devastated by discovering the real identities of men who had been part of their lives for up to six years. \"All of the women I am working with have suffered very serious, significant serious psychological damage, sometimes of a devastating nature,\" she said. \"It's outrageous this kind of infiltration should take place, whatever the circumstances.\" James Bannon, a former undercover officer told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that having relationships with women to infiltrate a group could only be justified in extreme circumstances. \"If you have exhausted every other avenue of infiltration in order to gather evidence on a particular person or particular group and your only course of action after you've exhausted everything else is to have a relationship in order to effect your cover with somebody, then I think there's a justification around it,\" he said. It has also been claimed - says the report - that an officer planted a bomb on behalf of an animal rights group and that another was prosecuted under his assumed identity, had given evidence on oath, and participated in confidential lawyer-client discussions with his co-defendants. 'Decisive action' Mr Vaz also condemned the \"ghoulish and disrespectful practice of undercover officers looking to develop cover stories plundering the identities of dead infants\". One witness told the committee that after her partner (whom she did not know to be a police officer) had gone missing she found the birth record of the child whose identity he had been using and went to the parents' address in an attempt to find out more about him. The parents were not there, says the committee. \"But it is easy to see how officers infiltrating serious, organised criminal and terrorist gangs using the identities of real people could pose a significant risk to the living relatives of those people. \"The families who have been affected by this deserve an explanation and a full and unambiguous apology from the forces concerned. We would also welcome a clear statement from the home secretary that this practice will never be followed in future.\" Mr Vaz added: \"We are not satisfied that the current legislative framework provides adequate protection against police infiltration into ordinary peoples' lives - a far more intrusive form of surveillance than any listening device or hidden camera.\" The report says there was a \"compelling case\" for a fundamental review of the legislation governing undercover policing, including the Regulation of Investigative Powers Act 2000 (Ripa). It also says Operation Herne, the Met's investigation into the practices of one undercover unit, has cost £1.25m \"with little to show in terms of results\" and calls for \"decisive action\" to speed it up. Acpo's head of crime, Merseyside Chief Constable Jon Murphy, said undercover officers played a critical role gathering evidence and intelligence to protect communities from harm. \"Used correctly, the tactic is lawful, ethical, necessary and proportionate. But it is also one of the most challenging areas of operational policing and can have considerable impact on public confidence. \"For this reason Acpo has long supported increased oversight of undercover policing and would welcome a review of Ripa.\" A Home Office spokesman said: \"Undercover police operations are a vital element of the fight against organised crime and terrorism, but it is crucial covert powers are used proportionately. \"The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act already provides strong safeguards but we recognise the system can be improved.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The advisory comes after an attack on Tor that targeted Windows users sought to gather data that could be used to identify people. In addition, Tor warned, people should turn off a widely used web technology that was exploited in the attack. It is still not clear who was behind the sophisticated attack. Data grab The code to exploit the bug was fed into the Tor network via servers owned by Freedom Hosting that ran sites accessible only via Tor. In 2011, Freedom Hosting sites on Tor came under attack by the Anonymous hacktivist collective, which claimed they hosted large amounts of images of child sexual abuse. The most recent attack is widely believed to have been carried out in an attempt to identify people viewing or swapping images of abuse via Freedom Hosting. The Tor Project's overseers have stressed that it has no connection or affiliation with whoever is in charge of Freedom Hosting. Tor advised people to stop using Windows as it feared that the action against Freedom Hosting might compromise the identity of other people who put the anonymous browsing service to legitimate uses. Firefox vulnerable Tor, aka The Onion Router, attempts to hide a person's location and identity by sending data across the net via a very circuitous route. Encryption applied at each hop along this route makes it very hard to connect a person to any particular activity. On 4 August warnings about the action against Freedom Hosting started to circulate and revealed how it exploited a vulnerability in some versions of the Firefox browser. Versions before release 17.0.7 were open to the attack, which sought to log unique details of machines using Tor. While versions of Tor running on any operating system were potentially vulnerable, in practice only those using Windows were being hit, the Tor project said in its latest update about the attack. \"Really, switching away from Windows is probably a good security move for many reasons,\" said the security advisory from Tor overseers. It added: \"... this wasn't the first Firefox vulnerability, nor will it be the last.\" Security agency suspected The advisory urged people to upgrade to a newer version of the Tor software bundle, which includes Firefox, that is not vulnerable to the bug. It also suggested people turn off Javascript, the programming language many websites use to add interactive features. However, it cautioned, turning off Javascript would change the way many websites worked. As an alternative, Tor suggested the Linux open-source operating system, Apple's OSX or more esoteric systems such as Tails. The warning comes as security researchers and computer forensics experts try to trace where the unique IDs grabbed by the attack code were being sent. Early work showed it was going to a location in the American state of Virginia. Further sleuthing now suggests the web address it is being sent to is run by the US National Security Agency."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The firm flagged \"targeted attacks\" in its latest security bulletin. It did not, however, draw a direct link to researcher Tavis Ormandy, who revealed the flaw in May without discussing it first with Microsoft. Microsoft released a fix several days after the revelation. It was not the first time Mr Ormandy had gone public with Microsoft bugs. The engineer's most recent post on the Full Disclosure site was criticised by a security expert, because he not only mentioned the existence of the bug but actually provided technical details of the vulnerability in Windows 7 and Windows 8, among other versions of the system, that could be exploited by hackers. \"This security update resolves two publicly disclosed and six privately reported vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows. The most severe vulnerability could allow remote code execution if a user views shared content that embeds TrueType font files,\" the software maker posted on its Security Bulletin page. Microsoft explained that the vulnerability could allow an attacker to \"take complete control of an affected system\". Acting in his own personal capacity and not as a Google employee, Mr Ormandy initially revealed the flaw on 17 May. He then asked for help in dealing with the issue. \"I don't have much free time to work on silly Microsoft code, so I'm looking for ideas on how to fix the final obstacle for exploitation,\" he wrote on the site. Three days later, the engineer posted on Full Disclosure again, this time offering the full demonstration code. \"I have a working exploit that grants system on all currently supported versions of Windows,\" he wrote. \"Code is available on request to students from reputable schools.\" Irresponsible behaviour? In a blog post shortly before the disclosure, Mr Ormandy wrote that Microsoft was \"often very difficult to work with\". He also advised researchers to use pseudonyms when dealing with the software giant, adding that Microsoft treated \"vulnerability researchers with great hostility\". In 2010, Mr Ormandy also posted publicly about a flaw in Windows XP - just five days after informing Microsoft about it. Graham Cluley, an independent analyst who previously worked for security firm Sophos, said back then that the revelation had left people \"wondering whether this was a responsible way for a Google employee to behave\". \"I'm sure, however, that they would rather have fixed this vulnerability behind closed doors, without exploit code circulating in the wild, and would have preferred if this Google engineer had acted responsibly,\" he added."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It quoted unnamed \"Western officials with knowledge of the effort\" as its sources . The powerful malware was discovered after the UN noticed data disappearing from PCs in the Middle East. The Post said the US National Security Agency, the CIA and Israel's military had collaborated on the project. It had \"intended to slow Iran's nuclear program, reduce the pressure for a conventional military attack and extend the timetable for diplomacy and sanctions\", the newspaper said. Reuters subsequently reported that current and former Western national security officials had told the news agency the US had been involved in making the virus. The BBC has been unable to confirm or disprove the allegations. Flame is thought to have been first noticed when Iran's servers were taken offline in April following a malware attack on key oil terminals. Covert action A later report by anti-virus company Kaspersky Labs said there had been 189 attacks in Iran, 98 in Israel and Palestine, and 32 in Sudan. A \"former high-ranking US intelligence official\", who it said had spoken on the condition of anonymity, told the Washington Post: \"[Flame] is about preparing the battlefield for another type of covert action. \"Cyber-collection against the Iranian programme is way further down the road than this.\" Iran has said it is now able to defend itself against the malware and clean up infected PCs . Under siege But the attacks could lead the country to develop its own sophisticated cyber-capabilities, Mark Phillips, a research fellow at defence think tank the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), told BBC News. \"If it did originate from the US and/or Israel, Iran is going to feel under siege as a result of a number of attempts - a previous one was Stuxnet - and will seek to improve its cyber-defences,\" he said. \"The better you are at detecting cyber-actions, the better you are at infiltrating others. \"This cyber-onslaught that Iran has been facing from Stuxnet through to Flame is actually helping it to become a really serious cyber-power in its own right, which would not have been an intended effect of whoever developed Flame.\" Nation-state involvement Security experts call Flame one of the most complex threats ever seen, suggesting a nation state rather than individual hackers are likely to have been behind its development. \"The reason [sources] may want to stay anonymous is because of the sensitive nature of technologies and capabilities involved,\" said Mr Phillips. \"We're probably stuck with a situation where we'll only have this speculation for a foreseeable future.\" The Israeli embassy in London declined to comment."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Nick RobinsonPresenter, Today and Political Thinking That, at least, is how one national newspaper has described the clips of my interviews that it has chopped up, parcelled and packaged as tasty morsels for readers of its website, who they appear to believe have an insatiable appetite for punch-ups between politicians and interviewers. If they're right and that's what people want, I despair. I've been lucky enough to travel the world as political editor for both ITV and BBC News, posing questions to presidents and prime ministers. I took pride in asking the tough questions I thought people watching and listening at home would ask if only they had the chance. Questions that journalists in other countries seemed afraid to ask. In the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, I asked the Chinese premier when the people would get the chance to vote for their own leaders. In the White House, I asked George W Bush whether he was in denial about the aftermath of the invasion of Iraq. It led news bulletins in the United States and would later lead the President to tell me, memorably, to \"cover your bald head\" when I was mopping sweat off my brow on the lawn of Camp David. 'Gotcha moment' Now, I make my living asking questions on Radio 4 on Political Thinking - which starts a new series this week - and on Today, the country's oldest breakfast programme. I see a danger that we interviewers all too often see the \"Gotcha\" moment as the test of whether we've done our jobs properly. Never mind the interview, have you seen how many shares and likes I got on Twitter or Facebook? The macho operatives who once ruled over Downing Street responded by boycotting interviewers and shows that, they claimed, didn't give them a fair hearing. They concluded that a video clip on social media, which they recorded and controlled, played better than those in which their guy was shown to be on the back foot. We've seen where all this can end. Interviews that never took place are remembered more than those that actually did. 'Accountability interview' Ministers trusted to say nothing beyond the brief are sent by party HQ to zoom from one studio to the next facing questions about issues they often have no responsibility for - and precious little knowledge of save for the crib sheets I can occasionally hear rustling. One cabinet minister, who'd forgotten they could be seen as well as heard, read word-for-word from multiple sheets of carefully-typed notes marked with a pink highlighter. Surely we can all - interviewers, politicians and, yes, you who watch or listen to our exchanges - can do better than this? Despite the explosion of social media, political interviews remain for millions the way they understand the decisions that are being made in their name and the place they can see and hear arguments made and tested. What's more, they should be an opportunity to open a window on what is shaping the thinking of those in power. What newspapers like to call \"a grilling\" - or what we at the Today programme call an \"accountability interview\" - continues to play a vital role in our democracy. This week I interviewed the chancellor, Rishi Sunak, and was praised by some for my \"polite persistence\", while criticised by others for my \"dismal interviewing\". 'Twas ever thus. This, though, is far from the only way we should conduct our national conversation. Focus groups During the pandemic we've heard virologists, epidemiologists and scientific modellers asked to explain the thinking that is shaping their response to the spread of the virus. Why can't we speak to those who are developing policy on unemployment or climate change or racial inequality in the same way? Would today's politicians dare think out loud about their thinking, about what they don't know or haven't yet decided? Or will they always seek refuge in soundbites that have been pre-tested on focus groups? Will we in the media allow them to think aloud without seizing on every hesitation or apparent contradiction with what someone else in their party said months earlier? Can we, in short, reduce the fear politicians feel about saying what they really think? While we're at it, why don't we spend more time focusing on what really makes those we see and hear spouting the party line tick - their upbringing, their experiences, their values. Passion and belief That's what I try to do on Political Thinking. It's a half hour conversation not an interrogation. I interviewed Rishi Sunak long before he moved into No 11. We talked about his experience working in his mum's pharmacy as well as a hedge fund in the City: about his experience of racism and what it felt like to suffer racial slurs; and about his love of Star Wars. I learned more about him than I have in any interview since. Long before he became Labour leader, Sir Keir Starmer told me about nursing his sick mother, the donkeys in his garden and the time he was so focused on his work that he didn't notice his TV being nicked from under his nose. Northern Ireland's First Minister Arlene Foster recalled seeing her father moments after he'd been shot by the IRA and how she avoided serious injury when a bomb exploded under school bus only because she had swapped seats with another girl. I've heard stories of hardship, loss and pain as well as privilege and entitlement. I've heard passion and belief rather than rehearsed soundbites. What really pleases me about the series, though, is the number of times people say to me: \"I really hated Mr X or Ms Y but now I can see where they're coming from. I understand them\". Contrary to popular belief, politicians are only human like the rest of us, though many have forgotten how to speak to the rest of us like humans. It's too easy to blame them for speaking like political robots. We need to give them the chance to show who they really are and what they really think but they - and the people who advise them - need to give us the chance to ask tough questions and to hear them at least try to answer them. The new series of Political Thinking begins on Radio 4 on Saturday at 17:30 GMT. It, and previous episodes, can be downloaded from BBC Sounds"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It had been reported that the BBC would not allow the PM to appear on Sunday's programme unless he also agreed to be interviewed by Andrew Neil. Mr Johnson has so far refused to commit to a one-to-one with Mr Neil - who has already grilled other party leaders. Labour called the BBC's move to allow the PM on the Marr show \"shameful\". The BBC said in a statement that as the national public service broadcaster its first priority \"must be its audience\". \"In the wake of a major terrorist incident, we believe it is now in the public interest that the prime minister should be interviewed on our flagship Sunday political programme. \"All parties' election policy proposals must - and will - face detailed scrutiny from us and we continue to urge Boris Johnson to take part in the prime-time Andrew Neil interview as other leaders have done.\" Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon took part in 30-minute interviews with Mr Neil earlier this week. The BBC's interview with Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson is set to air on 4 December. Another, with Brexit Party leader Nigel Farage, will be shown on 5 December. Labour candidate and former culture secretary Ben Bradshaw tweeted that it was a \"shameful and abject surrender\" by BBC management to allow the PM to be interviewed by Mr Marr. Ilford North Labour candidate Wes Streeting posted that he loved the BBC but its decision was \"wrong\", adding: \"The BBC have been played by the Tory leader and shouldn't dance to his tune.\" Mr Johnson, who also turned down Channel 4's request to appear on a leaders' debate about climate change on Thursday, has been accused of avoiding media scrutiny by Labour. On Friday, shadow chancellor John McDonnell said Mr Johnson was \"running scared\" from being grilled by Mr Neil, adding that it was a \"matter of honour\" that he subjected himself to the fullest possible questioning. The PM - who was interviewed by Mr Neil during the Conservative leadership election in July - told LBC the public was more interested in his vision and plans for the country rather than which programmes he appeared on."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Cathy KillickBBC Look North I've been a reporter for the BBC for more than 30 years. In that time I've interviewed dozens of people who have experienced loss. I've done my best to convey their emotion faithfully, not having experienced it myself. Now I find I am one of those people. I've always been struck by the bravery of those I've talked to and I've always been grateful to them too. Journalism can only exist if people are willing to share their stories, so I'm going to share mine not because I'm brave, but because I owe them. My parents' deaths came at the end of a horrible year. They lived in a care home 10 minutes' walk from where I live in Leeds. Before Covid, I would visit them pretty much every day. My dad, Ted, had dementia and lived on the top floor. My mum, Elizabeth, had Parkinson's and lived on the ground floor with fewer staff because she was pretty independent. She could pop up to see my dad whenever she liked. They were happy in their care home. It was a cheerful, bustling place with a coffee bar and plenty of places to socialise. The staff were lovely too, and made an effort to get to know my parents. Whenever I visited, I saw kindness. When Covid arrived, the socialising had to stop. I saw my dad just a handful of times between March and December. I'm haunted by the thought that he felt abandoned by me and my mum. He didn't really understand anything about the virus as his dementia was quite severe. My mum, however, had the great good luck to have a room at the front of the building where I could stand on the pavement and talk to her on the phone while looking at her through her window. She called it \"swinging by\" and her face would light up when I appeared. She was confined to her room for much of the time as her carers did everything they could to minimise the chance of infection. They did really well to keep the home Covid-free for as long as they did. In late November, I got the call I had been dreading. My dad had tested positive. Removing someone with dementia from their familiar surroundings can cause great distress. His GP also felt that he would not tolerate the breathing treatments on offer. Together, my brothers, sister and I decided Dad should stay at the home and receive care from the district nursing team. We were allowed to visit him individually and for short periods wearing PPE. He was very sleepy and unable to acknowledge our presence. I held his hand and told him what a great dad he'd been, not knowing if I'd ever see him again. He died 12 days after his positive test at the age of 87. My dad had had a really full life. He came from a long line of Lincolnshire farmers but stayed in the Army after doing National Service. He joined the Royal Artillery and had glamorous postings to Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Germany. He bought a caravan and took us camping on wild sites with no facilities apart from a tap. He cooked up adventures for us - mackerel fishing in a tiny rowing boat. The Army gives you friends for life and many of them wrote me such lovely letters of condolence. They talked about his kindness and lively interest in other people. He would never describe himself as such but Dad was a feminist. He encouraged me and my sister in our careers, and taught us to face the world with courage and friendliness. He met my mother in 1955. She was a year younger and the daughter of one of his senior officers, so well used to Army life. She shared his sense of adventure. She loved bodyboarding and camping too. They had four children. But, by the 1970s, she wanted more from life than being a wife and mother. It had always rankled with her that her parents had not felt it worthwhile for girls to go to university. So, at the age of 37, she went to college to get a teaching degree. She used her dressing table as a desk and studied at several different colleges as Army postings moved us all round the country. She became a primary school teacher and really loved her work, gaining a master's degree in children's literature. Reading was one of the things that kept Mum going during the long months of lockdown but I could see she was losing heart. From the outside, she took Dad's death very calmly. But two days before his funeral, she had a stroke. The hospital was not allowing visitors, but they made an exception for me on compassionate grounds. My mum had lost her husband of 63 years, yet no-one had been able to give her a kiss or a hug in consolation. I was allowed to see her once to tell her about Dad's funeral. It was painful that so few people could attend his send-off but the Royal Artillery Association sent a standard-bearer and a trumpeter to play the Last Post and represent all of his Army colleagues. It made a big difference to our sense of doing right by our father. I took some photos to show my mum in hospital. I think that visit was one of the toughest experiences of my life. My mother was so frail and so sad and I felt broken myself. Mum left hospital just before Christmas and went back to the care home to recover. She was doing well, able to walk about with her frame and we had some good chats through the window on the phone. The vaccine was starting to be rolled out and we talked about trips out and going for a drive to Almscliffe Crag - a local beauty spot she liked. Then, on one of my \"swing-bys\", Mum didn't smile when I tapped on her window. She looked dreadful and her speech was slurred. It seemed as though she was having another stroke, but after she'd arrived at hospital she tested positive for Covid. For six days, I couldn't see her. Then came the call that I could. On Covid wards, that usually only means one thing - that the patient is not expected to recover. She could not go back to the care home because it was Covid-free, so Mum came home to me - to a hospital bed, set up in our sitting room. I am so grateful to the district nursing team, carers and night sitters who made that possible. They were outstanding and treated us all with such compassion and kindness. Those last days with Mum were intensely moving. We played her music and read her poems and tried to repay her for all the love she'd shown us over the years. Over the course of five days, her breathing slowly became more and more shallow. My siblings sat with her on FaceTime and carers came four times a day to change her position and keep her clean and comfortable. I will never forget those carers. The respect and tenderness they gave a stranger was the most humbling thing I've ever seen. For me, it transcends the misery and privations of the pandemic. It gives me something precious to hold on to and has left me with a memory of something truly beautiful. In the weeks since, I have been on the receiving end of so much kindness and thoughtfulness. Our lovely neighbours shopped for us while we were isolating after Mum's death. Friends have left cake and gin on the doorstep. Cards, flowers and letters have cheered me up with memories of my parents. These small acts have made a big difference. Never despise these little things, or think them insignificant. They are the best of us and they are what make our current times bearable. Related Internet Links Coronavirus (COVID-19) - NHS"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Chris MorrisReality Check correspondent, BBC News This is all about the border, isn't it? Yes, borders are not just about security checks, tariffs and customs duties. When two countries (in this case the UK and the Republic of Ireland) are both members of the European Union, and therefore in the single market and the customs union, then many rules and regulations on both sides of the border are identical. That doesn't mean all rules are the same (think of speed limits in miles per hour or kilometres per hour for example) but a huge number of basic standards are. That means you don't have to check standards at the border because you know they are the same to start with. So what are the rules and regulations we're talking about here? Over the summer, Brexit negotiators identified more than 140 areas of \"north-south co-operation\" that would be affected by Brexit in one way or another. Many of them are issues associated with cross-border trade in the agricultural sector - things like food safety and animal welfare. Energy is another important issue (there is an all-Ireland electricity market) - so too is transport (safety standards on cross-border routes) and the medical sector (the same rules governing things like prescriptions and medical devices). All of them are regulated under the umbrella of common EU legislation. If Northern Ireland, along with the rest of the UK, starts changing its regulations after Brexit, then problems start to arise. But the language is pretty confusing. At one point, the Irish government was asking for \"no regulatory divergence\". Now the dispute seems to be about \"continued regulatory alignment\". What's the difference? If you start from the point we're at right now, with all these rules and regulations the same, then \"no divergence\" implies that Northern Ireland would not be able to change them at all. It would have to remain the same as the Republic of Ireland (and the wider EU). Alignment implies something slightly different - two similar systems running in parallel could be aligned, but be different in some respects. So it is language which produces a little more wiggle room. Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar said he thinks both phrases mean the same thing. If other parties think they mean something slightly different and honour is satisfied - well, that's the kind of creative ambiguity that sometimes makes international negotiations work. But then politics gets in the way? Yes. Everyone says they want to avoid the return of a \"hard\" border (a border where there is some kind of physical infrastructure and some kind of checks). But they all have slightly different solutions. The Irish government want a guarantee that regulations will remain broadly the same; the DUP doesn't want Northern Ireland to be treated any differently from the rest of the UK; Scotland, Wales, London and probably several others want special treatment themselves; and the EU is left wondering whether the UK government can square the circle. So what are the potential compromises? Either you try to limit the alignment of regulations to a few specific issues including some of those which fall under the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, the document on which the Northern Ireland peace process is based. (The Irish government wants a written guarantee that any agreement on the border respects the terms of the Good Friday Agreement.) Or you declare that you will try to ensure that some form of regulatory alignment eventually refers to the whole of the UK, not just to Northern Ireland. But option one would mean that Northern Ireland was being treated slightly differently which might be unacceptable to the DUP (on whom Theresa May is dependent for her parliamentary majority). And option two would upset Brexit supporters (on whom Theresa May is also dependent for her parliamentary majority) who argue that one of the main aims of Brexit was to be able move away from the EU's regulatory framework. Many in the EU think the heart of the problem is that by insisting that there should be a) no hard border b) no UK membership of the single market and the customs union and c) no checks of any kind between Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK, the government in Westminster has set up a series of fundamentally incompatible red lines. For everyone politics has come home to roost. So what could happen next? In various past negotiations - both in Northern Ireland and more generally in the EU - a form of words to satisfy all sides has been found at the eleventh hour. That could well happen again - but, don't forget, the aim at the moment is only to reach \"sufficient progress\" in the negotiations. If a deal is declared this week or next, that is by no means the end of the story. The UK government insists that if an ambitious trade agreement can be agreed with the EU in the future, then all of these detailed concerns about the Irish border will melt away. Mr Varadkar has also said an EU-UK trade agreement allowing free trade to continue is his preferred option. But until that happens the border will remain a fundamental part of the Brexit negotiations for some time to come. Read more from Reality Check Follow us on Twitter"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Northern Ireland 'protocol' was agreed in October. Michel Barnier said the EU was awaiting to hear the UK's approach with \"confidence and vigilance\". He was speaking after the latest round of UK-EU trade talks., which have been held via video link. At the end of the Brexit transition period in January, Northern Ireland will continue to follow EU rules on agricultural and manufactured goods, while the rest of the UK will not. Additionally, the whole of the UK will leave the EU's customs union, but Northern Ireland will continue to enforce the EU's customs code at its ports. This will mean some new processes and checks for goods entering Northern Ireland from the rest of the UK. The UK government has said it is committed to complying with its legal obligations under the deal, but has been reluctant to explain exactly what that will mean in practical terms. 'Little progress' Within the last two weeks, the UK has written to the EU to confirm it will put in place Border Control Posts (BCPs) at NI ports. The EU has strict rules on the entry of animals and food products into the single market. These products must always enter the single market through designed BCPs. Meanwhile, the UK's chief negotiator said \"very little progress\" had been made in the trade talks. 'Unfair fishing access' David Frost said a far-reaching free trade agreement could be agreed before the end of the year \"without major difficulties\". But it was being held up by the EU's desire to \"bind\" the UK to its laws and have unfair access to fishing waters. The EU's Michel Barnier said the UK wanted \"the best of both worlds\" and warned of a looming stalemate."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Marie-Louise ConnollyBBC News NI Health Correspondent The Children's Heartbeat Trust said it was vital that the Royal Hospital for Sick Children continued to play a key role in the cross-border service. It provides pre- and post-operative care for children with congenital heart disease in Northern Ireland. But they could suffer as the political vacuum continues, the charity warned. The Northern Ireland children's commissioner, who advises on and monitors government policy for young people, said \"strong political leadership\" was required to make the service work. \"During the Brexit negotiations the needs of these children and young people may be lost,\" said Koulla Yiasouma. \"We need a strong voice from Northern Ireland that make sure whatever challenges these families face, particularly on the border as they are travelling either side, are resolved quickly in the negotiations.\" In 2015, it was decided there should be a single congenital heart disease network on the island of Ireland, which would be based in Dublin. But after a campaign by the Children's Heartbeat Trust, backed by hundreds of parents, it was also agreed that children in Northern Ireland would continue to receive care in Belfast. 'Poor cousin' Sarah Quinlan, the charity's chief executive, said the lack of an executive means politicians are not fighting the corner of children with the disease. \"The all-island congenital heart disease network is really the first of its type, so in order to ensure that we are able to meet the challenges that will come as the network develops we need strong political leadership and that means a fully-functional executive,\" said Ms Quinlan. \"We would fear that Belfast will become the poor cousin and we need to ensure there is investment in developing a paediatric heart service here.\" The new children's heart centre is based at Our Lady's Hospital in Dublin and Belfast's Clarke Clinic provides pre- and post-operative care. In 2013, a leading international surgeon who advised on the future of children's heart surgery in Northern Ireland and said there was a real willingness to make an all-island solution work. Dr John Mayer, who is based in Boston, was asked by the Department of Health to review existing services. He looked at those in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and concluded that a united service was the better option. While no deadlines have been missed as yet, every stage in developing the network is critical, according to Ms Quinlan. \"The plans continue to be rolled out but it is crucial that Belfast plays a pivotal role and has an equal part in this partnership,\" she added. 'Foundation of care' In the meantime, children from Northern Ireland continue to travel to England for life-saving surgery. Wendy Carson has recently returned to Belfast after her daughter Thea, who is now eight months old, received open heart surgery at the Evelina Children's Hospital in London. \"My husband and I were in London for eight days,\" said Mrs Carson. \"It's hard being away from the other children and it is expensive. \"But Thea received the best of care it was just good to get back home and into the Clarke Clinic again for her post-operative care.\" Christine McCaughey's nine-year-old son Blake has also just returned from having open heart surgery in London. \"From Blake's been no age the Clarke Clinic has been the foundation of his heart care,\" she said. \"Without it we are nothing; without it he wouldn't be here.\" According to the Health and Social Care Board, all paediatric congenital heart surgery will be performed in Dublin by 2018. That will mean no child from Northern Ireland will have to travel to England for their operation."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police have found the vehicle used to kidnap Mr Ramos in nearby Bejuma. A Venezuelan police Twitter feed said Mr Ramos was alive, but did not clarify details, the Washington Post reported. He was taken on Wednesday by four armed men in a van, according to Kathe Vilera, spokeswoman for the Tigres de Aragua team. Mr Ramos, 24, plays as catcher for Tigres de Aragua and also for the Washington Nationals team in the US Major League. Venezuela is believed to have one of the world's worst rates of kidnapping. The national director of Venezuela's investigative police force, Jose Humberto Ramirez, told local media police were deploying to rescue him. The president of the Tigres de Aragua team, Rafael Rodriguez Rendon, visited Mr Ramos's family to express the team's \"solidarity\" with them. According to local media, he called for \"caution and calm\" while the authorities investigated the incident. Lack of security Sports figures have found themselves the target of violent crime in Venezuela in the past, but this is thought to be the first case targeting a baseball player who plays in the US Major League. Most kidnappings in Venezuela are carried out to extort a ransom, but there were no immediate reports of any ransom demand. The Institute for Investigations on Coexistence and Citizen Security (Incosec), a Venezuelan think tank, estimated that last year Venezuela saw 1,179 kidnappings, or about three cases every day. In a statement on her Twitter account, Ms Vilera added: \"Lack of security in this country has no limits and nobody does anything! When will the kidnappings stop?\" The rising rate of violent crime has become a major source of public concern in Venezuela in recent years, with many accusing President Hugo Chavez's government of not doing enough to combat the problem."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Anabel Flores Salazar was taken by the men on Monday morning from her home near the city of Orizaba, where she worked for several newspapers. At least 15 journalists have been killed in Veracruz since 2010. Relations between the Veracruz governor and the media have been tense. State Governor Javier Duarte has accused some journalists of having criminal ties. He went on to warn them to \"behave\", arguing that if anything were to happen to them, he would be \"crucified\". Some local journalists saw this as a thinly veiled threat against them. In the case of Anabel Flores Salazar, prosecutors say they are investigating all her \"possible ties\". The office said she had been seen in the company of a leader of the local branch of the Zetas drug cartel two years ago. Veracruz is the most dangerous place to be a journalist in Mexico, which itself is deemed one of the most unsafe countries for journalists. Nationwide, 88 journalists have been murdered since 2000, according to free speech organisation Article 19. Fourteen journalists from Veracruz state alone have died since Governor Duarte took office in 2010."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 6ft flightless bird, nicknamed Chris, was first spotted on farmland near Thriplow, Cambridgeshire, over the festive weekend. Despite efforts by police and others, the rhea evaded capture. Officers tweeted on Tuesday that \"Chris\" had been found and his real name was Eric. They added he had been returned safely to his owner. The rhea, a South American bird which can reach running speeds of up to 40mph (64km/h), had been spotted in a number of rural areas in the county including Foxton, Newton and Fowlmere. For more news from Cambridgeshire visit our live page South Cambridgeshire Police tweeted to say \"reports indicate that Chris Rhea is now Eric & has made it home for C'mas '17 safe n well\". \"Great news to hear he came to no harm and is safe where he belongs,\" they added. It is not yet known who caught the bird who where he had escaped from. However, while Eric appears to have made it home, Lawrence - another rhea who has been missing since August, has still not been found."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The money, which included unpaid income tax and the resulting penalties, was recovered after 162 enquiries were followed up by officials in 2012. Rob Gray, director of income tax, said it would be more difficult for the same people to evade tax again. He said that there had been six successful prosecutions since 2009. Residents are being urged to contact the States if they suspect other islanders of underpaying."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ireland's Finance Ministry said the payment was a \"significant milestone\", although Dublin insists Apple was not given any special tax treatment. In 2016 the Commission ruled the below 1% effective tax rate the firm paid in Ireland amounted to illegal state aid. Apple has appealed against the decision. Dublin also disputes the Commission's finding. Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe said the government \"fundamentally disagree[d] with the Commission's analysis\". However, he said, \"as committed members of the European Union, we have always confirmed that we would recover the alleged state aid.\" The European Commission initiated a lawsuit against Ireland last year over its delay in recovering the money. The Commission said that the court action would now be withdrawn. The process of recovering the funds began in May and has now amounted to €13.1bn in disputed taxes plus interest of €1.2bn, an amount roughly equivalent to Ireland's health budget for the year. The money will be held in an escrow fund while Apple's appeal takes place. Apple is one of several American tech giants which located their European operations in Ireland, due to its relatively low tax rate. Facebook, Twitter and Google all have a significant presence in Dublin. Ireland's finance ministry said it expects it to take several years for European courts to resolve the issue."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The British overseas territory forms part of an island chain, alongside the neighbouring US Virgin Islands. Tortola, the largest of the 16 inhabited islands, is home to more than three quarters of the population. Named by Christopher Columbus in 1493, the islands were settled by the Dutch until 1666. They became part of Britain's Leeward Islands colony in 1872, gaining a limited degree of self-rule in 1967. A new constitution adopted in 2007 established a greater degree of self-government. Tourism and offshore finance dominate the economy, with financial and business services accounting for nearly half of the islands' GDP. A huge leak in 2016 of documents known as the \"Panama Papers\" revealed the islands to be the most popular tax haven by far with clients of the Panamanian law firm, Mossack Fonseca. The leak threw new light on how the rich and powerful hide their wealth and caused a global stir. Further revelations were made in the \"Paradise Papers\" in 2017. FACTS LEADERS Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a governor The governor is responsible for external affairs, defence, internal security, public services and the administration of the courts. The territory has a ministerial system of government. Elections to the 13-member Legislative Council are held every four years. MEDIA There are no public broadcasters based in the BVI; the TV station and radio stations are operated by private concerns."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Leala Padmanabhan Political reporter, BBC News Sir John Adye said he had security concerns over methods like fingerprint recognition used in Apple's iPhone 6 and other devices to check identity. \"I don't know what happens to my personal data when I use it on a smartphone,\" he told MPs. Apple has defended the security and privacy of its systems. Sir John, who headed GCHQ between 1989 and 1996, chairs a company which is developing biometric technology for identity recognition. He said the increasing use of biometrics was a positive step but warned that it was not clear enough what was happening to people's data. \"If you go to an ATM and put in your credit or debit card, that system is supervised by the bank in some way,\" he said in evidence to the Commons Science and Technology Committee, which is examining the use of biometric technology. \"But when you're using your smartphone... there's no physical supervision of the system.\" \"You need to design security methods... which are going to be strong to protect the interests of the individual who is using the phone and the relying party at the other end... the bank or whoever it is, who is providing a service to them.\" Sir John singled out the Apple iPhone 6 which allows users to make payments and access services using a fingerprint. \"You can now use your iPhone 6 to make payments using biometrics on the internet and you've got to tick various boxes before you do so, but how many people are actually going read through all those boxes properly and understand what they mean when it goes in?\" \"I think Apple has done some good things. They appear to have a good system at the moment for protecting their operating system so it's difficult for anyone outside to penetrate it and retrieve data from it. \"But how long will that last, because the criminals... are very inventive at finding ways in, and although you can protect it in that way on the device itself, what happens if the device is lost or stolen?\" Apple says it uses the most technologically advanced fingerprint security and puts security and privacy at the core of the \"Apple Pay\" system. Sir John also called for more transparency in the way personal information may be passed on to third parties. Fake fingers? \"I don't know, although I'm quite experienced in this area, what happens to my personal data when I use it on a smartphone for proving my identity. Is Google going to use that data to target advertising at me? Is some other commercial company or maybe some hostile foreign government going to use it to target me in some other way? I don't know,\" he said. Another witness, biometrics engineer Ben Fairhead, was asked about the risks that biometric data such as fingerprints could be faked. \"There's a whole science around anti-spoofing and all sorts of methods you can employ to work out 'Is this finger... made of flesh and is there blood pumping around it?,'\" he told Labour MP, Pamela Nash. But even this technology was open to \"spurious results\", he said. \"If for example, you haven't got much blood flow to your fingers, maybe the system doesn't think your finger is alive.\" \"It still ends up being an arms race, or an arms, legs and fingers race, between you and the attackers,\" he said, adding that cybercriminals were adding iron filings to fake fingers to mirror the conductivity of human skin. The committee also examined the increasing use of biometrics by governments, in border controls and public services. MPs heard claims that there needed to be better oversight of the entire industry."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dave LeeNorth America technology reporter Customers are simply unwilling, at least in any significant number, to leave whatever ecosystem they’ve invested in - whether it’s Apple’s iOS or Google’s Android. And so when there’s a chance to break ground on a new ecosystem, a fresh opportunity to get people locked in for years to come, you can expect a scramble. For “voice”, widely considered the next big platform in tech, the scramble is on, and it's being seen most aggressively in one distinct area: your face. It’s an area with limited real estate - you are likely to have just two ears, and two eyes - and a fraught history of botched attempts at game-changing tech. \"To date, the most commonly accepted place to wear technology has been the wrist and Apple’s success with its Watch reflects this,” said Ben Wood, from CCS Insight. “But as Amazon and a number of other players start to get more serious about ear buds and smart glasses, there is growing evidence that the ‘battle for the face’ has begun.” Listen up Let’s begin with the ears. Apple has established an early lead here, built on past glory: the iPhone. Its AirPods, released in 2016, currently dominate the category with a 53% share of the 27 million “hearables\" sold globally from April-June this year, according to data gathered by Counterpoint Research. \"Apple will keep leading the market for the time being thanks to its loyal base of hardware users and its sticky ecosystem of devices and software,” said Counterpoint Research senior analyst Liz Lee. \"It will also release new ear buds with a major overhaul to the design expected in late 2020 and refresh the market again. We expect that Apple’s share will be around 40%-50% this year and a bit lower next year, but still, it will be the biggest player.\" While AirPods appear to be simply a wireless version of the headphones Apple has sold for a decade now, the firm considers them to be something far more strategic: its best opportunity to get consumers interacting with devices using voice. They do little to address Apple’s main problem right now, which is that once people get home, they’re more likely - if they have a smart speaker - to talk to an assistant from Amazon or Google than they are to Siri. Amazon’s problem is the other way round. The success of its Alexa assistant has it leading the smart-speaker market in our homes, according to Canalys research, but the firm’s disastrous attempt to break into smartphones means Alexa has mostly been stuck indoors. On Wednesday, Amazon took significant steps it hopes will change that with the announcement of Echo Buds, wireless ear buds with Alexa built in - the most straightforward way yet to take Alexa out of the home. The device is cheaper than AirPods - $129 v $199 - and has the added selling point of including noise cancellation, something AirPods lack. \"It is apparent that access to Alexa could be more appealing for some people than access to Siri, as Alexa can be used to order goods from Amazon directly and Amazon's ecosystem is more open than Apple’s,” said Ms Lee. \"Amazon could also take aggressive markdowns including offering its new gadget in Prime deals and bundles for cheap during the Black Friday sales to increase market share.” More in-ear players will soon emerge. Next week, Microsoft is expected to announce its own smart wireless ear buds too. And Google, with its own assistant and a range of voice-powered software (such as auto language translation), could offer another strong device, improving on the Pixel Buds that were launched in 2017. The company is holding its hardware launch event on 11 October. The eyes have it Amazon is also hoping to turn heads - though not too quickly - with Echo Frames. These are glasses with Alexa relatively discreetly built into the titanium frames. Paired to a smartphone, they vibrate when a notification is received and, like the Echo Pods, allow for voice commands to be given to Alexa via two microphones. It’s being seen as a modest first step en route to the real goal: smart glasses containing augmented reality (AR), digitally created imagery laid over the real world. Just as Amazon was talking about Echo Frames at its HQ in Seattle, Facebook was busy sharing its own aspirations for AR at its Oculus Connect developers’ conference in San Jose. Andrew Bosworth, Facebook’s head of virtual reality and AR, said the firm was building AR glasses. A demonstration video showed how pop-ups could appear in your vision, alerting you to movie times or directions. This product isn’t imminent - Facebook has a lot of work to do to make the tech a reality. And the firm is currently lacking a full-featured voice assistant of its own (though it has been working on one as part of its Portal video chat range). There are credible rumours that Apple is preparing to release its own AR wearable device too. According to Wired, those who keep a close eye on the code contained in Apple’s operating system, iOS, noticed that deep inside recent updates was code that looked almost certain to be related to some kind of future AR device. Taiwanese analyst Ming-Chi Kuo has predicted an Apple AR device could be ready as early as the middle of next year. Looking foolish Getting these devices to work well is just one hurdle to overcome, however. There are also the issues of style and trust. You’ll remember Google Glass, released in 2013, that as well as suffering from technological shortcomings was also held back by the fact it made the wearer look rather foolish (no offence, Rory). Newer technologies are bulky and cumbersome. Microsoft’s Hololens and Magic Leap’s goggles sit heavy on either the head or hip. And these technologies make other people uncomfortable. Famously, one woman was attacked for wearing Google Glass in a San Francisco bar. AR glasses will need to use outward-facing cameras to detect objects around them, and it is likely that tech firms will consider video recording, and calling, to be a selling point. Ear buds, similarly, will need to capture some amount of audio from the world around them in order to work. The wearer might be fine with that, yes, but what of those around them who may not want to be captured and analysed by companies that have already lost our confidence? That’s what makes this latest tech race different. Anyone buying these devices will spend time considering not just which company has the best technology, but also the best intentions. _____ Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC Do you have more information about this or any other technology story? You can reach Dave directly and securely through encrypted messaging app Signal on: +1 (628) 400-7370"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"This American Life made headlines when a January edition broadcast extracts of performer Mike Daisey's account of a visit to the plant, run by Foxconn. The Chicago-based producers now say they have learned that Daisey's monologue included fabrications. It said he had made up meeting interviewees who \"had been poisoned\". The episode, entitled Mr Daisey and the Apple Factory, was distributed by Public Radio International and broadcast nationwide. It later became This American Life's most popular podcast. It hit 888,000 downloads and was streamed 206,000 times. The broadcast was followed by a series of articles in the New York Times looking at Apple's working practices and production methods. The newspaper told the BBC it stands by its reporting. Facing increased scrutiny, Apple later announced that it would allow third-party audits at its factories and release a list of its suppliers. Wrong city In a press release,This American Life saidthat when asked, Mike Daisey's Chinese interpreter had disputed one of the show's most dramatic moments - Mr Daisey's claim to have met underage workers employed by Foxconn, a key Apple manufacturer. The release also said Cathy Lee, the interpreter, had called into doubt an account of a meeting with a man who had been badly injured while making iPads. It said Mr Daisey had described letting the man \"stroke\" the tablet's screen \"with his ruined hand\" prompting the worker to remark: \"It's a kind of magic.\" But it said that when questioned, Ms Lee had said \"nothing of the sort occurred\". This American Life said the facts had emerged when a reporter from another public radio production - American Public Media's Marketplace - became suspicious. \"In his monologue he [Daisey] claims to have met a group of workers who were poisoned on an iPhone assembly line by a chemical called n-hexane,\" This American Life said. While Apple's supplier audits show that an incident like this occurred in a factory in China, in fact that factory was not in Shenzhen, where Daisey visited. In fact the incident occurred in Suzhou, nearly 1,000 miles away,Marketplace reporter Rob Schmitz found. 'Horrified' Daisey said he stood by his work,but on his bloghe added that he regretted the broadcast of a 39-minute monologue from his stage show. \"What I do is not journalism. The tools of the theatre are not the same as the tools of journalism,\" he wrote. \"This American Life is essentially a journalistic - not a theatrical - enterprise, and as such it operates under a different set of rules and expectations.\" The show's host, Ira Glass,wrote in a personal blog postthat in retrospect he and his team were \"horrified\" to have broadcast Daisey's account. \"Daisey lied to me and to This American Life producer Brian Redd during the fact-checking we did on the story, before it was broadcast,\" he wrote. \"That doesn't excuse the fact that we never should've put this on the air. In the end, this was our mistake.\" Chris Green, a technology analyst at Davies Murphy Group, said that the impact of the show had been enormous. \"Apple wasn't the only one to outsource production to China and Taiwan - but of the tech firms it did it on the largest scale, so this was a public relations nightmare for them\" he said. \"The fact the programme has been discredited may help Apple and others a bit, but we know other real problems with safety at suppliers have been uncovered.\" Apple was not available for comment."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police recorded 550 homicides in 2011-12, 88 fewer than the previous year and the lowest number since 1983. Offences such as pickpocketing, shoplifting and bicycle theft rose 2%, the only crime category to show a rise. Separate data, based on interviews with 46,000 adults, suggests crime levels are broadly flat. They were conducted as part of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), previously known as the British Crime Survey, which asks people whether they have been the victim of any offences during the past year. About 9.5 million incidents took place, according to the survey respondents. 'Other thefts' The ONS figures show crime recorded by police forces fell by 4% to below the four million mark for the first time since 1989. Officials said the fall in homicide figures was not unique to England and Wales and there had been reductions in Europe, Asia and North America since the mid 1990s. The number of homicides rose from around 300 a year in the 1960s to about 1,000 a decade ago. The number last year was the same as in 1983. The figures also show attempted murders also fell substantially, indicating that the fall in homicides was not principally because surgeons were saving people's lives through advances in medical techniques, said BBC home affairs correspondent Danny Shaw. The \"other thefts\" category also included people stealing items from garages and sheds and rose 4% the previous year. More than 1.1 million such incidents were recorded by police last year. John Flatley, head of crime statistics at the ONS, suggested the increase was mostly driven by rises in thefts of metal, mobile phones and bags left unattended in pubs and bars. He added the CSEW indicated that pickpocketing had risen 17% in the last two years and this \"might represent an emerging upward trend mirroring that seen in the comparable recorded crime category\". Mr Flatley said the estimated 5,000 offences committed during last summer's riots had been \"swallowed up by the larger volume reductions we've seen elsewhere\". The recorded crime figures also show: Policing Minister Nick Herbert said the figures showed crime has continued to fall despite the challenge of reduced police budgets and \"give the lie to the spurious claim that there is a simple link between overall police numbers and the crime rate\". He said the introduction of elected police commissioners in November would make forces more accountable for \"areas of local concern\" highlighted by the ONS. The Association of Chief Police Officers (Acpo) said the figures were a \"credit to those officers and staff who have faced the challenge of major efficiencies while continuing to tackle crime in our communities\". Separate crime figures were previously released by the Scottish Government and the Police Service of Northern Ireland. In 2011-12, Scotland's eight police forces recorded 3% fewer crimes than the previous year, while offences in Northern Ireland dropped 1.6% year-on-year."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In total, 416 fewer offences were recorded between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012. Violent crime fell by 24.7%, drugs offences were down 27.8% and vandalism by 44.4%. Theft from both people and the railways was down by a quarter. Officers said the fall was down to them working with rail operators, who have also been investing in security. They said the Welsh government was helping by working closely with the British Transport Police (BTP), helping to fund additional technology and increasing officer visibility. Railway crime in Wales has fallen faster than the British average, which shows a drop of 9.1% - the eighth successive year crime has gone down. Despite this, the number of offences for trespassing, stone throwing, obstruction and line side vandalism, remained consistent in Wales, with 69 offences recorded in both 2010/11 and 2011/12. There were also an additional 12 sexual offences, rising from 14 to 26. 'Improving CCTV' Ch Insp Sandra England, BTP's sector commander for Wales, said overall it had been a \"very successful year\" for BTP and the rail industry. \"This sustained downward trend in crime is a tribute to the excellent partnerships we have with rail operators, who continue to invest in the security of their customers and staff,\" she said. \"It also reflects the hard work of BTP staff across Wales at a time when we are demanding more and more from them as budgets decline.\" Michael Roberts, chief executive of the Association of Train Operating Companies, said the figures were \"good news\" for passengers. \"Train companies take the safety and security of their passengers and staff extremely seriously which is why they spend millions of pounds installing more helps points at stations, providing funding for British Transport Police and improving CCTV on trains,\" he said. \"These figures show that this hard work is paying off, but train companies are not complacent and will continue to work with British Transport Police and other industry organisations to ensure that our railways remain as safe as they possibly can be for passengers and staff.\" Crime on the railways over the past five years has fallen by over 30%."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Knife crime and robbery also increased in the 12 months to September 2017 compared with the previous year, the Office for National Statistics said. About 5.3 million crimes were recorded in all in that 12-month period, up 14%. However, the separate Crime Survey, based on people's experiences, suggests crime continues to fall. This survey, based on interviews with 35,000 households in England and Wales, includes crimes that people do not report to police. The latest police figures for the 12 months to September from 44 forces show: There were 37,443 knife crimes and 6,694 gun crime offences recorded in the year to September. The number of offences involving a knife or a sharp instrument had been falling since 2011 but started rising again over the past three years, the ONS said. This contrasts with the Crime Survey which found that most crimes either fell or were at a similar level. However the ONS says higher-harm violent offences, such as knife crime occur in relatively low volumes, and also tend to be concentrated in cities and are therefore not \"well-measured\" by the Crime Survey. Excluding the Hillsborough stadium deaths and last year's terror attacks from the data, 57 more people were killed or murdered than the previous year - the highest total since 2008-9. The 96 cases of manslaughter from Hillsborough stadium in 1989 were only included in crime figures in 2016, after an inquest ruled that the football fans had been unlawfully killed. Analysis: By BBC home affairs correspondent Danny Shaw Although there's likely to be a dispute about the accuracy of the police crime figures because they hinge, to some extent, on the way forces log offences, how pro-active they are and the willingness of victims to come forward, they clearly demonstrate a rapidly rising caseload. For example, recorded sexual offences and violent crimes have more than doubled in three years. At the same time, the number of police officers has continued to fall: in the 12 months to last September, down 930 to 121,929. The Home Office says that's the lowest figure since comparable records began in 1996. That combination - rising crime, declining police numbers - is creating enormous strain for forces. But it's unclear whether the smaller police workforce is contributing to the growth in violent crime, particularly what the ONS says are the \"genuine\" increases in knife crime and firearm offences. There were also increases in vehicle-related theft offences, which were up 18% to 443,577, and burglary, which rose by 8% to 433,110, police data showed. Shadow home secretary Diane Abbott said the figures were \"truly shocking\" and should \"put an end to government complacency on crime\". \"The Tories are failing in a basic duty to protect the public,\" she added. 'Smoke and mirrors' The Police and Crime Commissioner for the West Midlands, David Jamieson, said his force had lost more than 2,000 uniformed officers since 2010 and his budget had been cut by 25%. \"Any sensible person can see if you take away a quarter of the budget, you can't carry on protecting the public in the same way,\" he told BBC News. He anticipates having to lose a further 150 officers this year. Police Federation of England and Wales General Secretary Andy Fittes said: \"The reality is there are around 21,000 fewer officers than there were in 2010 and they are having to deal with an ever-increasing number of crimes.\" \"To say crime has fallen is smoke and mirrors,\" he added. He added that police officers have \"numerous other roles\" not covered in today's statistics - such as counter-terrorism, sex offender management, policing football matches and missing person searches. 'Redouble efforts' A spokesman for Prime Minister Theresa May said: \"The independent Office for National Statistics is clear that overall, traditional crime is continuing to fall. \"It is now down by almost 40% since 2010.\" Policing Minister Nick Hurd also said crime had fallen but added the government was \"very concerned\" about the \"uptick in the most serious violent crime\". He said the government would \"redouble efforts\" to bear down on the increased through legislation and tougher police enforcement. And also to try to steer young people away from \"a culture of violence\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In 2010-11, 3,975 people were living on the capital's streets compared with 3,673 in 2009-10, a rise of 8%, according to the charity Broadway. The Mayor of London's housing advisor repeated a pledge made in 2008 to end rough sleeping in London by the end of next year. The charity said that despite the increase progress was being made. London has the highest rate of homelessness in England, according to the charity. Broadway's annual report showed 1,905 slept rough in Westminster in 2010-11 - by far the highest in London and an increase of 398 on the previous year. Sutton had the lowest number of rough sleepers with a total of three. The charity said it had helped 1,372 people into accommodation, primarily hostels, in 2010-11. It said 326 people were helped to return to a \"home area\" or somewhere they could access appropriate services and 159 were moved into long-term housing. 'Significant progress' Richard Blakeway, the mayor's housing advisor, said there had been a 75% drop in the \"most entrenched\" rough sleepers living on London's streets. The introduction of a new rapid response project, which includes a 24-hour hotline, meant more than half of all rough sleepers spent one night on the street, he said. The No Second Night Out project has helped 135 people off the streets since it began in April. \"Ending rough sleeping in London by 2012 is a tough challenge but one which the mayor is more determined than ever to achieve,\" said Mr Blakeway. \"These figures clearly show we have work to do but they also show that significant progress has been made.\" He said the mayor's office had recently secured £34m from the government to tackle rough sleeping and this would help support more of London's homeless. He said City Hall was confident of hitting its targets and of making sure no-one in London \"calls the street their home\". 'Toxic cocktail' Jenny Jones, from the Green Party on the London Assembly, said: \"Rough sleeping has risen every year under Boris Johnson. \"We face a toxic cocktail of cuts to housing benefit and homelessness charities that could push even more people into temporary accommodation and onto the streets. \"These problems will eclipse the mayor's efforts and they won't be solved by the small concessions he has won on benefit cuts and his small homelessness funding gain. \"It's time he made some noise and called for emergency funding to safeguard all essential pan-London services, otherwise I fear we will see the trends get worse.\" Howard Sinclair, chief executive of Broadway, said: \"We know exactly the size of the task facing us if we want to reduce rough sleeping to as near to zero as possible by the end of 2012. \"We believe that as long as resources are used in the right way and we continue to work together towards this common aim then we can continue to make a positive and long-lasting difference in the lives of people who end up having to sleep rough in London.\" Westminster councillor Daniel Astaire said: \"While more people are arriving in the city with nowhere to stay, the numbers who go on to sleep rough long term in Westminster is declining. This is positive progress and we continue to work with local charities and hostels to help people off the streets and into the support services they need.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Hannah RichardsonBBC News education and social affairs reporter Researchers from charity Shelter used data from four sets of official 2016 statistics to compile what it describes as a \"conservative\" total. The figures show homelessness hotspots outside London, with high rates in Birmingham, Brighton and Luton. The government says it does not recognise the figures, but is investing more than £500m on homelessness. For the very first time, Shelter has totted up the official statistics from four different forms of recorded homelessness. These were: The charity insists the overall figure, 254,514, released to mark 50 years since its founding, is a \"robust lower-end estimate\". It has been adjusted down to account for any possible overlap and no estimates have been added in where information was not available. Charity chief executive Campbell Robb said: \"Shelter's founding shone a light on hidden homelessness in the 1960s slums.\" He warned the housing crisis was \"tightening its grip\" on the UK. \"Hundreds of thousands of people will face the trauma of waking up homeless this Christmas,\" he said. \"Decades in the making, this is the tragic result of a nation struggling under the weight of sky-high rents, a lack of affordable homes and cuts to welfare support.\" 'I lost everything' Mother-of-two Mandie had a steady job in the civil service at the beginning of the year but now lives in emergency accommodation with her teenage twin daughters. \"I don't know where we'll end up next,\" she said. Mandie, 47, was made redundant in January and evicted from her two-bedroom flat in Luton. \"It was horrifying,\" she said. \"The council threatened to take my children from me.\" Mandie and her 13-year-old twins stayed at friends' houses and in hotel rooms while she waited to receive housing benefit payments. \"When will we be able to have a home to call our own?\" she said. The analysis shows homelessness is at its highest rates in central London, with as many as one in 25 without a home in Westminster and one in 27 with nowhere to live in Newham. But there are also many hotspots of severe homelessness stretching way beyond the capital, including: One of the charity's founders, Des Wilson, now in his 70s, said he hoped the country would respond to Shelter's urgent rallying call \"with the same combination of anger and compassion with which it supported our work all those years ago\". The Department for Communities and Local Government said homelessness was down on the 2003 figures and added: \"However, we know that one person without a home is one too many. \"That is why the government is investing over £500m during the course of this parliament to tackle homelessness. \"This includes protecting £315m for local authority homelessness prevention funding and £149m for central government funding.\" 'Widening gap' Martin Tett, the housing spokesman for the Local Government Association Housing, said councils were doing everything they could within existing resources to prevent and tackle the problem. But he said that funding pressures, the lack of affordable housing, and rents that are rising above incomes were leaving many councils struggling to cope with rising homelessness across all areas of the country. He said: \"Finding emergency housing for homeless people, particularly young or vulnerable people or those with families, is increasingly difficult for councils. \"Councils need powers and funding to address the widening gap between incomes and rents, resume their historic role as a major builder of new affordable homes and join up all local services - such as health, justice and skills. \"This is the only way to deliver our ambition to end homelessness.\" Have you been affected by issues covered in this story? Are you a volunteer for a homeless charity? Let us know about your experiences. Email [email protected] with your stories. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"She was appointed in February to carry out a review, but the coronavirus outbreak saw her redirected to lead the government's homelessness task force. Housing Secretary Robert Jenrick thanked Dame Louise for her work, especially around Covid-19. But homeless charity Crisis urged the government \"not to leave a leadership vacuum\" after her departure. The charity's chief executive, Jon Sparkes, said Dame Louise had made \"extraordinary progress\" in her role, adding: \"With the economic impact of the pandemic pushing more people into homelessness, we must redouble our efforts, otherwise we risk rates of rough sleeping rising with all the human misery this entails.\" The BBC's chief political correspondent, Vicki Young, said the former Victims' Commissioner was known for her straight talking and had not always seen eye-to-eye with the Conservative government. It is understood Dame Louise would consider returning to lead the rough sleeping review later in the year, but only if there was a broad remit to consider all aspects of homelessness. She has also been appointed a crossbench peer in the House of Lords. In a letter announcing her decision, Dame Louise said: \"Accepting the crossbench peerage is also a big deal to me and I want to think about how best I can make my contribution to public service from there. \"So for a number of reasons this seemed like the right moment to step back, especially as the country looks to gear up to the 'new normal'.\" Labour's shadow housing secretary, Thangam Debbonaire, said Dame Louise's decision to step back \"raised serious questions\" about the government's strategy on rough sleeping. She said the \"chaotic government\" had \"no plan to avoid a self-made homelessness crisis this winter\" - calling on them to extend the ban on evictions, brought in during lockdown, and to \"come forward with a credible plan to keep their promise that no renter will lose their home because of coronavirus\". Emergency housing Dame Louise was appointed by Prime Minister Boris Johnson six months ago to head up the review into homelessness, saying he was \"absolutely determined to end rough sleeping once and for all\". He put a deadline on this pledge of the end of this Parliament in 2024. But when the pandemic hit the UK, Dame Louise became the head of the government's homeless Covid taskforce, organising emergency housing for almost 15,000 rough sleepers during lockdown. Housing Secretary Mr Jenrick praised her work throughout the pandemic, saying it had led to \"so many rough sleepers being helped off the streets and kept safe from coronavirus\". He added: \"Her work leading the Rough Sleeping Taskforce will ensure as many people as possible who have been brought in do not return to sleeping rough.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Roger HarrabinBBC environment analyst From 2020, any increase in airline CO2 emissions will be offset by activities like tree planting, which soak up CO2. The deal comes in a momentous week for climate policy when the Paris agreement to stabilise climate change passed a key threshold for becoming law. Scientists applauded both commitments, but warned that plans to cut emissions are far too weak. The aviation deal was agreed in Montreal by national representatives at the International Civil Aviation Organisation, ICAO. Attempts have been made for nearly two decades to include aviation and shipping in the UN's climate agreements, but both sectors have managed to avoid firm targets. The amount of emissions from aviation worldwide are roughly the same as those produced by the whole of Germany - and they are growing fast. They are projected to consume approximately a quarter of the world's remaining carbon budget by 2050. ICAO previously promised carbon neutral aviation growth in the 2020s, and planned to align the ambitions of airlines with the Paris agreement limiting warming to two degrees Celsius, or preferably 1.5 degrees. At the last minute in Montreal, those plans were either watered down or dropped. Instead a compromise was agreed. CO2 will be allowed to grow to 2020 but after that, emissions will need to be offset. The deal will be voluntary to 2026 but most major nations are expected to take part. Britain's Aviation Minister Lord Ahmad said: \"This is an unprecedented deal, the first of its kind for any sector. International aviation is responsible for putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year than the whole of the UK, and yet until now, there has been no global consensus on how to address aviation emissions. \"For years, the UK has pushed to tackle emissions globally. Now, 191 countries have sent a clear message that aviation will play its part in combating climate change.\" Tim Alderslade from the British Air Transport Association also welcomed the deal. He told BBC News: \"It should not be forgotten that we are the only industry that has voluntarily agreed to such a commitment. \"As a sector we have really decoupled growth in aviation from growth in emissions.\" Environmentalists were unimpressed. Bill Hemmings from the green group T&E said: \"Airline claims that flying will now be green are a myth. Taking a plane is the fastest and cheapest way to fry the planet and this deal won't reduce demand for jet fuel one drop.\" The offsetting proposal is especially controversial. Airlines are striving to make planes more efficient, but the industry can't innovate fast enough to contain its dynamic growth. That led to the proposal for offsetting - but sometimes offsetting by planting woodlands simply duplicates efforts already being made, and the offsetting industry is said to be prone to double-counting. What's more, the ICAO deal has no clear rules for offsetting. Tim Johnson from Aviation Environment Federation warned that to meet its own ambitions, the UK needed to go much further than the ICAO agreement. He told BBC News: \"With a decision on a new runway expected later this month, the UK's ambition for aviation emissions must match the ambition of the (UK's) Climate Change Act, and not simply the ICAO \"global lowest common denominator\" of \"carbon neutral growth from 2020. Follow Roger on Twitter: @rharrabin"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Roger HarrabinBBC environment analyst It wants firms to waste less energy, develop low-carbon technologies and invest in equipment that can store carbon emissions in rocks underground. It's set out details of a previously-announced £1bn fund to help industrial buildings, schools and hospitals get better insulation and conserve energy. Opposition parties said the policy lacked urgency and ambition. However, the clarity of the strategy has been welcomed by industry groups. They say it will help to guide investment choices. The CBI said it was a vital step in the UK's commitment to cutting out almost all carbon emissions by 2050. Ministers have given details of support for nine green technology projects in Scotland, South Wales, the North West, Humber and Teesside. Studies will be funded to design a low-carbon infrastructure using hydrogen and carbon capture, which strips emissions from industrial exhausts. To reduce carbon emissions from public buildings including hospitals, schools and council buildings, £932m has been directed to 429 projects across England. This will fund low-carbon heating systems, such as heat pumps, and energy efficiency measures like insulation and LED lighting. Business and Energy Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng said: \"We're taking steps to be the first major economy to have its own low-carbon industrial sector. \"While reaching our climate targets will require extensive change across our economy, we must do so in a way that protects jobs, creates new industries and attracts inward investment - without pushing emissions and business abroad.\" The plan proposes a penalty price on carbon emissions to nudge firms towards clean alternatives. And there's talk of halting emissions from the steel industry by 2035. But opposition parties and environmentalists say the government should go much further by funding a multi-billion pound transition to clean steel - in the way competitor nations such as Germany have done. \"Questions still remain around the pace of change in the steel sector,\" Jonathan Marshall from the Energy and Climate Information Unit told the BBC. \"The global race towards clean steel production is well under way and the UK is behind the pack. Increased ambition in the short term can help to lock in high-skilled, high-paid jobs for decades, preserving Britain's proud steelmaking history for generations.\" Green MP Caroline Lucas said the UK needed a £40bn investment every year in green infrastructure to create more than one million jobs - with an emergency plan for training and apprenticeships. But the CBI's Rain Newton-Smith said: \"The Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy marks a vital step in the UK's plans to achieve its net-zero emissions target. \"This is a welcome demonstration of the UK's commitment to act on climate change, to make our post-pandemic recovery a green one, and to give businesses the certainty they need to invest in the technologies of the future.\" Follow Roger on Twitter @rharrabin"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Greg Barker dismissed claims that a law to secure the barrage could be passed before the next general election. He said the company behind the scheme, from the Vale of Glamorgan to Somerset, must provide more information before the UK government could support it. Hafren Power said it had submitted a 150-page business case and that it was disappointed by the criticism. The barrage would be constructed over 18km (11 miles) between Lavernock Point and Weston-super-Mare. Backers say it would mean jobs and help tackle climate change, but opponents say it would harm the environment. Objectors also say it would endanger wildlife and that the costs outweigh the benefits. Mr Barker was giving evidence to MPs on the Energy and Climate Change Committee. One committee member, Labour MP John Robertson, said the amount of information provided by Hafren Power, the company behind the Severn barrage proposal, was \"embarrassing\". He told the minister: \"I'm surprised you haven't just thrown it out completely\". Mr Barker agreed with the committee chair, Conservative MP Tim Yeo, that \"some pretty big questions remain insufficiently answered\". Mr Yeo said it would be in Hafren Power's interests to be more transparent about what it was proposing. Mr Barker said it had presented his department with an outline proposal case but he said ministers were not sitting on a great deal of information. He held up Hafren Power's executive summary which ran to only a few pages of A4 paper. He said the proposed Severn barrage could be a very significant asset for the UK. 'Listening mode' \"However, the information that the department has seen so far doesn't allow us to assess if the proposal is credible, nor if it could actually stand a chance of achieving the benefits Hafren Power claims the scheme would achieve,\" he said. \"There are a number of issues that Hafren Power would need to explore in much greater detail before we could take a view as to whether their proposal warrants further interest from government.\" He said Hafren Power needed to show that the project would tackle environmental challenges, work to mitigate the negative impact on the local economy such as Bristol Port and - most importantly - provide evidence the project is affordable and represents good value for electricity consumers. The company had yet to provide details on the design of turbines which meant the government could not have a view on the scheme's ecological impact or its cost. Mr Barker also played down suggestions that a meeting with Prime Minister David Cameron last year suggested there was momentum behind the project. He said that view may rely on a partial account of the meeting, where Mr Cameron was \"very much in listening mode\". He said Hafren Power's evidence was not sufficiently compelling, but the government had left the door open for that to change. A form of legislation known as a hybrid bill would be needed before the scheme can go ahead. 'Confusion and division' Asked if it was realistic to suggest a bill could pass before the next general election in 2015, the minister said: \"Not at all.\" Neath MP Peter Hain, who is campaigning for the barrage, said later: 'If we're now unlikely to see the hybrid bill required for the Severn barrage in this parliament that will mean two more years delay for a gigantic £25bn investment creating 50,000 desperately needed jobs. \"Sadly, confusion and division in government now means we're working to a longer timescale.\" Mr Hain, a former Welsh Secretary, said the minister's \"curious statement\" was at variance with constructive meetings he had had with other ministers, including David Cameron. A spokesman for Hafren Power said: \"We are pleased to see the Department of Energy is keeping an open mind on the project, but disappointed at the criticism of lack of detail when it has, for example, a new 150-page business case from us. \"However, we'll keep working with the government to supply answers and secure support to proceed.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Paul O'HareBBC Scotland news website Fast forward 12 months and he has been named as the third chief constable to lead the force since it was launched more than five years ago. The Scottish Police Authority's announcement comes as no surprise but it is a remarkable turnaround for Mr Livingstone. In 2015 he was widely regarded as the popular choice to replace Sir Stephen House after he resigned amid a series of controversies. But Mr Livingstone was pipped to the top job by Phil Gormley who had no experience of policing in Scotland. Despite his disappointment he remained a key part of the executive team before dropping the bombshell last summer that he would be retiring in the autumn. The decision was a surprise as officers traditionally opt to draw their pension after 30 years' service. Mr Livingstone was calling it a day after 25 years in a fresh blow to a force that seemed to be lurching from one crisis to another. Career change If his retirement bucked convention so too did his route into the police. Mr Livingstone, 51, graduated in law from the Universities of Aberdeen and Strathclyde before working as a solicitor in Glasgow, Edinburgh and London. But in 1992 he decided to change career and joined Lothian and Borders Police. Mr Livingstone served in Edinburgh and West Lothian as a patrol officer and detective. Despite his rapid rise through the ranks he once faced an allegation about his behaviour at the Scottish Police College in Tulliallan but was later exonerated. Mr Livingstone, who studied in New York City as part of a Fulbright Scholarship, was later promoted to head of CID before being named assistant chief constable crime. When Police Scotland replaced the old eight-force model in 2013, he was appointed deputy chief constable crime and operations. But in 2017 Mr Livingstone started to seriously consider life beyond the police and he was serving his notice when Mr Gormley's tenure began to unravel. The cracks first appeared in July last year when it emerged he was being investigated for misconduct. A drip feed of allegations followed over the next six weeks and on 8 September Mr Gormley was placed on special leave. More than ever the force needed strong leadership and Mr Livingstone was asked to postpone his retirement. After discussing the matter at length with his wife and family, he agreed to stay on. Confirming the move, Mr Livingstone said: \"Given the uncertainty and challenges currently facing Police Scotland, I consider it my duty to remain in service. \"My focus now will be on ensuring that we continue to deliver day-to-day policing services to the people of Scotland and on providing the leadership and assurance that is needed at this time. \"We have a strong and resilient command team in place and we have thousands of dedicated and hard-working police officers and staff who remain committed to providing an excellent service to the people of Scotland.\" Mr Livingstone took charge of the force as deputy chief constable designate as the Phil Gormley saga continued to rumble on. The former deputy director of the National Crime Agency, who denied any wrongdoing, finally quit in February. Like Sir Stephen before him, he failed to see out his contract. This time round the SPA could not afford to take any risks. If bookmakers had opened a next chief constable of Police Scotland market then one officer would have been the odds on favourite. Indeed the momentum behind Mr Livingstone was such that his appointment was widely viewed as a done deal from the moment Mr Gormley resigned. The job was formally advertised in May and in June BBC Scotland revealed the ex-lawyer was one of three shortlisted candidates. And after what the SPA described as an \"extremely rigorous and robust selection process\" Mr Livingstone was confirmed on Wednesday as the new chief on a four-year deal. Looking ahead to the challenge, he said: \"Policing has been my life and the demands on it are developing faster today than at any time in my career. \"It is my job now to lead and drive change in policing to adapt to those challenges and to build on the values, ethos and traditions of policing in Scotland that first attracted me to this profession 26-years ago.\" When he starts the pressure cooker job on 27 August he will be responsible for 22,000 officers and civilian staff and an annual budget of more than £1bn. Mr Livingstone's reward will be a salary of £216,549 and a substantially bigger pension pot when he announces his retirement for a second time. But if he can bring stability to Police Scotland and attract more positive headlines than his predecessors then many may feel he's worth it."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Bett, a former Tory chairman of the Norfolk Police Authority, won after the first round saw him and Conservative candidate Jamie Athill as the two candidates with the most votes. When the second preferences from the other candidates were counted Mr Bett had a majority of 3,378 over Mr Athill. Turnout in the poll held on Thursday was 15%. Five candidates were hoping to win the role to oversee policing in the county. The winner was announced at the count at St Andrews Hall, Norwich. The new PCCs, which are set to replace police authorities, will set spending plans and have the power to \"hire and fire\" chief constables. The candidates for Norfolk were:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Holyrood's constitution committee has been examining the Referendums Bill, which could pave the way for a vote. The Scottish government says the yes or no question used in 2014 does not need to be tested again by the watchdog. But the committee unanimously said ministers \"must recognise the weight of evidence in favour\" of a fresh test. They want the government to \"come to an agreement\" with the Electoral Commission before the bill reaches the second stage of parliamentary consideration. The Scottish government wants to hold a new independence referendum in the second half of 2020, and has put forward the Referendums (Scotland) Bill to set the framework for this. First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has said the bill should be in law \"by the new year\", but it now faces being amended in light of the cross-party committee's concerns. The 2014 referendum was run on the question \"should Scotland be an independent country\", with the available answers \"yes\" and \"no\". The Scottish government wants to stick with this question for a second poll, but some unionist campaigners have argued that the \"leave\" or \"remain\" approach of the 2016 EU referendum should be used instead. 'Rig the process' The Electoral Commission would usually be brought in to test the fairness of any question put to the public, but the Referendums Bill as it stands says they would not need to be consulted over a question that has been used before. Constitutional Relations Secretary Mike Russell told the committee that the 2014 question was still in \"current use\" in many opinion polls, and said it could \"create confusion\" to test it again. He said he was \"against retesting in circumstances that do not require that\", while Ms Sturgeon has claimed opposition parties are seeking to \"rig the entire process\". The Commission told the committee that they \"firmly recommend\" they be consulted, \"regardless of whether we have previously published our views on the proposed wording\", and were backed in this by a series of other witnesses, including scholars and the Law Society of Scotland. In their final report, the committee unanimously recommended that Mr Russell \"recognises the weight of evidence in favour of the Electoral Commission testing a previously used referendum question, and must come to an agreement based on this evidence with the Commission prior to stage two\". Members also want changes to strip back the powers of ministers to call referendums and set the conditions for them. The bill as it stands would create a general structure for a contest so ministers can set the date, question and campaign period for any referendum without passing a new bill. The committee recommended this be changed so that new primary legislation was required for any referendum on a constitutional issue. 'Alternative approaches' They also said the margin of victory in any poll should be a simple majority. A petition had been lodged with the parliament calling for a two-thirds majority to be required for victory in a new independence ballot, but this was rejected by the committee and has also been dismissed by the Scottish Conservatives. Committee convener Bruce Crawford said the group \"supports the policy objective of the bill - to put in place a generic framework for referendums - on the basis that the bill is amended to reflect the weight of evidence we received\". He added: \"We welcome the approach taken by the cabinet secretary in his oral evidence to our committee where he indicated that he is 'open to alternative approaches to all aspects of the bill' and how it can be improved. \"Our recommendations are intentionally framed to inform an open discussion on how the bill can be improved based on the substantial evidence received.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A gang of about five men in balaclavas used a transit van to smash the front window of Flannels, in Vicar Lane, Leeds, at about 22:50 BST on Monday. The raiders were then seen to load stolen clothes into a black Audi estate before leaving in the vehicle. The store was also targeted in December when thieves reversed a vehicle through the window of the shop. More stories from across Yorkshire West Yorkshire Police said as the Audi drove away along Eastgate the boot came open and several items of clothing fell out. The car stopped and one of the men got out of the vehicle. He was then knocked over by the open car door when it reversed. Other members of the gang then got out of the vehicle to collect the clothing before the vehicle sped off toward Eastgate roundabout. 'Organised burglary' The force said a fake number plate that the Audi was bearing at the time of the robbery was later found outside the Yorkshire Rider Social Club, in Railway Street. The van used to break through the front window had been stolen from Sweet Street, in Holbeck, on 18 June. Det Insp Richard Holmes said: \"This has clearly been a planned and organised burglary targeting the high-value clothing that the store sells.\" He said the two raids are not currently being linked and appealed for any witnesses or people who may have filmed the raid taking place to come forward."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The gang used one of the vehicles to smash their way into the Chronext shop on Fleet Street shortly before 11:00 GMT, City of London police said. It is the third time a Chronext store has been targeted in London in 18 months. No-one was injured during the robbery and no arrests have been made, police said. Up to seven people dressed in dark clothing with face coverings descended on the shop on mopeds, eye witnesses said. Two members of the gang brandished a miniature samurai sword and a \"home made machete\" at passers-by to prevent anyone from entering the shop. \"It was very frightening\" Danilo Camsterin told the BBC. \"We're only a few feet from the Royal Courts of Justice but there were no police here, no-one patrolling the area. It's crazy. \"It was more than 20 minutes before police turned up,\" he added. A spokesperson for Chronext said: \"Alongside the other leading British high-street watch retailers who have been targeted this past month, we will continue to safe guard its customers and stock. \"Our focus now is on our shop staff who are thankfully unharmed.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Kyle Urquhart, 22, and Patrick Noble, 52, both of Aberdeen, Ian Ewing, 44, of Stonehaven and Ian Yeomans, 57, of Peterhead, deny various charges. It follows an incident on the A98, close to Cullen, in September 2018. An allegation they attempted to murder a man called Alistair Thompson was withdrawn on the fifth day of the trial at the High Court in Edinburgh. It was claimed the four men drove a car, with a registration plate number BK67 NUH, at Mr Thompson. The Crown also withdrew an allegation which claimed the four men committed a breach of the peace at the same location. The Crown also amended another charge of attempted murder facing the four men. It was claimed that they attempted to murder a motorcyclist called John Sutherland. However, the men are now alleged to have assaulted Mr Sutherland to his severe injury and permanent disfigurement. Clawhammer claim Prosecutors also claim that the four men assaulted a man called Colin Sutherland. It is claimed they drove the same car at him, collided with him and this caused him to fall from his bike and lose consciousness. Prosecutors say they then repeatedly struck Mr Sutherland on the head and body with a claw hammer, a tyre iron and a baseball bat before repeatedly kicking him on the body. It is claimed they then cut Mr Sutherland's clothing with a knife and that they attempted to murder him. The Crown also claims that they assaulted a man called Edward Forrest by striking him on the head and body with a clawhammer which rendered him unconscious. Prosecutors say these alleged actions were to Mr Forrest's \"severe injury permanent disfigurement and to the danger\" of his life. They are also alleged to have assaulted Nicky Syratt to his injury and danger of his life. The trial, before Lady Scott, continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Transport for Wales (TfW) said it saw a rise in passengers going to places like Chester despite people being advised not to travel unless essential. Wales is in lockdown from 23 October to 9 November with businesses shut, unlike places over the border. TfW safety director Leyton Powell said the \"majority of people are behaving\". \"Certainly, over the weekend in areas like Chester, we've seen an increase in passenger numbers during the lockdown, an increase in what was expected,\" he told BBC Radio Wales Breakfast. \"We've got to recognise there are differences in the controls in pubs, clubs and restaurants opening across England. \"What we've had to do is put in additional queuing systems, to make sure all passengers are safe.\" Wales is in lockdown but in Chester pubs, bars and restaurants, for example, are open, although they are restricted to table service only and must close at 22:00 GMT. Mr Powell said rail timetables had been reduced \"significantly\" in line with Welsh Government restrictions to cut down on people travelling. \"We've taken out the majority of our journeys over the weekend that are for more social travelling, but we have kept in the services that we take people to hospitals or to work.\" He called on people to \"stay at home, save lives and only travel if your journey is essential\"."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"South Wales Police said it would increase the numbers of officers on duty to encourage people to adhere to the rules. The powers will be in place from 09:00 on Friday until 17:00 on Sunday. People breaching regulations could be fined and told to leave the city, the force said. Wales' \"firebreak\" lockdown ended on 9 November, allowing pubs, restaurants and non-essential retailers to reopen, with social-distancing measures in place. People living in Wales could also travel anywhere in the country from this date, but travel to and from England, which is still in lockdown until Wednesday, is banned. Supt Jason Rees said: \"The past few months have been difficult for us all, and with the rules having relaxed slightly, non-essential business reopening and Christmas just around the corner, it's understandable that people will want to get out and about and enjoy all our city has to offer. \"The vast majority are doing so with caution and within the confines of the existing regulations, but those not adhering to the rules are continuing to put others at increased risk. \"We are anticipating another busy weekend in our city centre, and while we will continue to adopt the policing style we have throughout the pandemic - working with the public to encourage voluntary compliance - we are committed to enforcing where blatant and flagrant breaches occur.\" North Wales Police said it had no special operation in place for the coming weekend but had an \"ongoing dedicated operation, which targets unlawful travel movement amongst other types of Welsh Government regulation breaches such as unlawful gatherings\". What are the coronavirus rules? In the run up to Christmas many of us would be heading out for drinks and catch-ups with friends and preparing for parties. But under current coronavirus rules in Wales it is illegal to meet up with too many people, in a bid to curb the spread of the virus. Mass gatherings and house parties are banned, while only groups from four different households are allowed to meet indoors at pubs, cafes and restaurants. Pubs, bars and restaurants, gyms, and other businesses are also allowed to reopen, but with last orders at 22:00 GMT, there have been fears people may start going to each other's homes to drink. There are no travel restrictions in Wales, as local lockdowns have ended - but people are being urged to consider whether they need to travel before setting off. While England remains in lockdown - until 2 December - it is against the law to travel across the border, unless you have a reasonable excuse, such as providing care or for study or work (if you cannot from home). What are the fines? Under the coronavirus fixed penalty notices system, people can be fined £60 for a first offence, which increases to £120 for a second offence and continues to double for repeated offences, up to a maximum of £1,920. If prosecuted, however, a court can impose an unlimited fine."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Mari GrugNewyddion BBC Cymru One Machynlleth shopkeeper has shut his shop on Wednesday for the first time in 32 years because of the issue. Aaron Cottam, who runs a furniture shop in the town, said he had expected a one way system to be introduced. \"All we can do is put signs up and point out the rules,\" said town councillor Jim Honeybill. Butcher William Lloyd Williams said visitors needed educating about safety. \"More people are coming here to Wales - which is great - because that will stimulate the economy which has been dormant here, but there needs to be education,\" he said. \"We don't want any slip-ups now.\" He said local people had been \"absolutely first class\". Mr Cottam posted a message on Facebook saying he had decided to close his shop on Wednesdays. \"I fully expected a one way system, stalls only operating in the wider areas of the street and no market stalls outside the cafes so they could put tables out as they do on other days of the week. \"Also maybe the use of one or two other sites so the stalls would be spread out more and social distancing would be easier to implement. \"None of this was done and the more the weeks went on the more annoyed I got.\" Mr Honeybill said: \"Other than closing the market completely, there's very little we can do. \"All we can do is put signs up and point out the rules.\" He admitted he had been shocked when he visited the town on market day following an easing of coronavirus restrictions allowing people to travel further afield. \"I was taken aback about the volume of people coming here,\" he said. \"They weren't social distancing, no masks. I was quite shocked.\" In a statement, Powys council said, following a review, the width of pavements in Machynlleth were \"considered sufficient to maintain social distancing\". \"It is the responsibility of the town council, charter market manager and stall owners to ensure that social distancing measures are put in place when setting up stalls,\" it said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The problems appear to have started on Wednesday night, according to the Down Detector website. By late Thursday, the company said it had managed to restore service for most of its subscribers. Three apologised for the problem and said it was \"sorting this out right now\". On Thursday evening it added: \"Most of our customers are now back on our network. our engineers will continue to work into the night on any remaining issues.\" Earlier it had advised customers still experiencing problems \"to turn their phones off and on or turn airplane mode on and off, which may resolve the issue\". Three has about 10 million customers in the UK. ID Mobile, a virtual network that uses Three's infrastructure, was also affected. The problems, which were nationwide, started after some maintenance work on Three's network infrastructure. On Wednesday, rival network O2 switched on its next-generation 5G service in a number of UK cities. Three tagged O2 in a tweet saying: \"Oi, did you unplug our network so you could plug in your 5G? not cool guys.\" One customer said the joke would have been \"cute\" if the problems had not been ongoing for more than nine hours. So many customers tried to access the status checker on Three's website that it was temporarily unavailable on Thursday morning. A queuing system was switched on, to limit access to the tool. \"History shows that once service is restored people quickly forget about the issues,\" said Ben Wood, an analyst at the CCS Insight consultancy. \"The challenge for Three UK will be getting its network back online reliably. Often it can take time for things to stabilise after such a massive outage, which can lead to intermittent service for a period of time after the original problems.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"At least 23 forces - including the four Welsh forces and the Metropolitan Police - say there have been technical issues with the line since 09:00 GMT. The Met Police said calls were not being received via 101 but the 999 emergency line was unaffected. The 111 NHS non-emergency line had also earlier been down but is working again. Separately, motoring organisation RAC said its breakdown number went down this morning after \"Vodafone suffered a catastrophic failure to its telephone equipment\" affecting \"many large businesses\" who use its services. 'Fault in Birmingham' The 101 phone number is for local police in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, for less urgent matters than a 999 call. Forces are asking the public to visit local police force websites or call alternative non-emergency numbers if they are unable to get through on 101. Humberside Police tweeted about the problem, saying: \"We can confirm that 101 is not working nationally. Fault lies with some kit in Birmingham which is being worked on.\" The following police forces are reporting problems: A Met Police spokesman said they were experiencing \"technical issues\" with 101 and advised people to report non-urgent crime via their website. \"We are working with our service provider to rectify this issue as soon as possible,\" a spokesman said. Police Scotland tweeted to say they were aware of an issue overnight with 101, but it has since been resolved. The Home Office, which oversees the 101 line, has yet to issue a comment. 111 is a 24-hour medical advice line, also for non-emergency enquiries. NHS Scotland tweeted: \"111 phone service having technical problems across UK this morning. In Scotland NHS 24 available via 08454 242424 for those needing help.\" West Midlands Ambulance Service said: \"A national telecommunications fault has resulted in most calls to NHS 111 call centres in England, including that run by West Midlands Ambulance Service, not being connected. \"The telecoms provider is aware of the problem and is working to fix it.\" Any callers in England unable to get through to the NHS 111 service are advised to dial 0300 0200 155."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Passengers travelling between London and Kent faced delays following a points failure in the Swanley area at about 1845 BST on Wednesday. The firm said it affected journeys from London Victoria and London Bridge and some services were cancelled. Passenger Robin Emery said they were not given enough information. 'Commuters on Twitter' \"To be honest both the driver and the conductor had very limited information to go by,\" he said. \"All they knew was that there was a points failure problem in front of them and they were just trying to get information as much as they could. \"I tried getting on to their website via my smart phone and it seemed to be running incredibly slow. \"I think I was getting more information from the commuters themselves, and via Twitter and Facebook, than I actually was from the Southeastern website.\" Southeastern said some people were taken by bus to Swanley and trains started running from about 2030 BST. A spokesman for the rail company said: \"We apologise to passengers who were delayed, due to a fault with Network Rail's points in the Swanley area. \"We are equally frustrated that this affected services, especially given recent improvements in punctuality regularly exceeding 90%, which we hope our passengers have started to see. \"We will continue to work with Network Rail to ensure they prevent and manage these situations as quickly as possible.\" A spokesman for Network Rail apologised to customers and said: \"We had a fault on a set of points which caused some disruption. Engineers fixed the problem.\" He said Network Rail would continue to work with all train operators across the country to improve services."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Janine Fountain, 40, from Chesterfield, decided to take part as gratitude for the help she received from the Army Widows' Association charity. Her husband, Steve, was in the Royal Marine Commandos while she was in the Royal Military Police. She said she was \"very emotional\" about her marathon challenge. Mrs Fountain, who works as a volunteer for the Army Widows' Association alongside her full-time job at the Coroners' Office in Sheffield, said: \"I have experienced conflict environments from both a soldier's perspective and as a wife, so I can empathize with those directly affected. \"I can totally relate to the despair that wives, girlfriends and family members are going through. \"The money that we raise allows us to assist widows and their families through counselling and ongoing support which is crucial in a family's life journey following death.\" Mrs Fountain said she had been getting up at 04:00 BST to train for the marathon as well as regularly visiting the gym. \"Being ex-military you have a certain level of fitness but I am nowhere near as fit as I used to be.\" She said she hoped to complete the London Marathon, which takes place on 22 April, in under five hours and raise about £3,000. \"I feel excited and quietly confident. I know I'll do it,\" she added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"After arriving in Bloxwich in Walsall on Saturday, 30 June, it will travel through the borough passing places such as Walsall's New Art Gallery. It will be carried on Wolverhampton's ring road and travel on a tram in Dudley. There will be an evening celebration in Cannon Hill Park in Birmingham. On the journey to Birmingham, runners will carry the torch through parts of the Black Country, including West Bromwich and Smethwick. It will then cross into Birmingham and make its way past Warwickshire County Cricket Club's Edgbaston Ground to Cannon Hill Park. On Sunday, 1 July, the torch will resume its journey and set off from Victoria Square in Birmingham city centre. It will pass by the Bull Ring shopping centre before making its way through Digbeth as runners head toward Solihull and Earlswood. The relay will then pass into Worcestershire. Torchbearer Zakia Begum, from Walsall, said being chosen to take part was \"the best thing that's happened to me\". The 21-year-old, who has a form of muscular dystrophy and is a wheelchair user, said she cried when she heard the news. \"I was thinking: 'I hope I'm not dreaming'. I'm really, really looking forward to it,\" she added. Miss Begum has recently starred in a short film about disability awareness and helped develop a disability awareness campaign. She said she had been reading about the torch relay on the internet and was \"really, really excited\". At the age of 12, Dominic MacGowan from Halesowen will be the youngest torchbearer in the country. He said: \"I'm just hoping I don't fall over and do something silly like that. \"I'm quite confident and I just hope it goes well.\" The two dates in Birmingham and the Black Country are part of a 70-day UK tour, commencing on 19 May, ahead of the Games."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Susan Taylor, 34, from Barwell, Leicestershire, collapsed close to the French coast and died on 14 July while raising money for two charities. The coroner praised her selflessness and ruled that prolonged open sea swimming had caused her death. He ruled Ms Taylor, who suffered an acute cardio-respiratory collapse, died of misadventure. Mrs Taylor appeared to lose consciousness before she was taken ill a mile off the French coast. She was pulled from the water by a crew member on her support boat, but was pronounced dead after being airlifted to a hospital in Boulogne. The inquest heard that French lifeguards arrived at the scene within nine minutes. 'Desire to help' The swimmer, who gave up her job as an accountant to dedicate her time to the challenge, was raising money for Diabetes UK and Rainbows Hospice in Loughborough. Paying tribute to the experienced swimmer Coroner Trevor Kirkman said: \"I understand that Susan was undertaking this swim not simply for personal glory, if I can put it that way, but because of her love for other people, because of her desire to help other people. \"I am told she was a kind and caring person. She was very involved in work for charities and she has probably achieved far more in her life than many of us will ever hope to achieve. \"It's tragic that her attempt, which was so very nearly successful, should end in this awful way.\" In a statement issued after the hearing, David Wright, Mrs Taylor's brother, said: \"We can now have closure on what happened to Susan. \"Susan was a wonderful person and was dedicated to helping those less fortunate that herself. \"We are very proud of all that Susan achieved during her short life, and are very pleased that many people have continued to support Rainbows Hospice for Children and Young People and Diabetes UK in Susan's memory.\" Since her death thousands of people have donated more than £100,000 to Rainbows Hospice. Related Internet Links Rainbows Hospice Diabetes UK The Channel Swimming Association"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Llanerch bridge, between Trefnant and Tremeirchion in Denbighshire, is a backroad link to the A55. The grade II-listed bridge crosses the River Clwyd and villagers now face a seven-mile detour. Meanwhile, some people in Skewen, Neath Port Talbot, can return home later after flooding caused by the storm. Denbighshire council said diversions would go through St Asaph while Llanerch bridge was repaired. Dewi Davies of Tremeirchion community council warned repairing the bridge posed a \"challenge\". \"It means it takes much longer now to go from Tremeirchion to Trefnant or St Asaph,\" he said. \"I know of one couple that have a horse in stables on the other side of the river - so it's a seven-mile journey each way, twice a day, for them now. \"It's quite a challenge and we're starting to think about how long we'll need to live with it. Are we talking a year, two, three, or maybe much longer than that?\" Vale of Clwyd Conservative MP James Davies said the bridge should be rebuilt: \"There are many who would wish to see the bridge replaced like-for-like, although I appreciate that the new structure will need to take into account the challenges posed by modern-day and projected river flows.\" Denbighshire council's Meirick Lloyd Davies suggested the structure could be widened, similar to the one in Llangollen. But the Trefnant ward councillor added: \"We will need money from the Welsh Government and I hope the UK government are also ready to throw something into the bucket because it is very expensive.\" A council spokesman said: \"We will seek to resolve this as soon as we are able. \"Final plans for the bridge will involve a number of third parties and it could take up to 18 months or more to resolve.\" The Welsh Government said the condition of the structure was the responsibility of the owner, with local authorities having powers to ensure listed structures were preserved. South Wales was also hit by Storm Christoph on Thursday and in Skewen about 80 people were evacuated as water rushed through the village on Thursday. The Coal Authority said initial checks suggested water built up in a mine shaft, causing a \"blow out\" which flooded properties. Those living in Jubilee Crescent and Dunevor Road have been told they can return home, but others will have to wait until the Coal Authority has made further investigations. Council leader Rob Jones told Breakfast with Claire Summers: \"We haven't got the exact figures of the number of people who will be able to return home today, there's going to be further assessments this morning. \"As early as we can, we will release the names of the streets of those people who will be able to go back, but it will be conditional. They need to go back in a controlled manner. We've still got Covid around.\" He added houses would need to have their electrics checked and information would be provided on how to do this. Other people have been warned it could take months before they can go home."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The road was among several routes across Scotland badly affected by heavy rain earlier this week. The bypass plays a part in taking traffic around Loch Carron and its closure means motorists have to make a detour of 133 miles (214km). The bypass will be opened from 07:00 until 19:00. Highland Council said the restriction, and the diversion, would remain in place until further notice. The local authority said another landslip at Garve continued to disrupt rail services on the Inverness to Kyle of Lochalsh line. The Stromeferry bypass has been hit by landslides in the past. One landslip closed the route for four months - from 22 December 2011 to 23 April 2012 - and cost Highland Council £2.8m to deal with. A small car ferry, the MV Glenachulish which crosses between the mainland and Skye, was hired to help local motorists avoid having to make the long detour. School pupils used train services and a hired pleasure boat to get to school. Large rubber mats were later laid on a railway next to the bypass to allow road traffic to travel a short distance along the line, Highland Council has been assessing several options for dealing with landslides at the bypass. Potential solutions published in June 2012 included a £60m bridge, 1.2 mile (2km) tunnel costing £94m and a new, longer bypass running to about £23m. Other options included stabilising the rock face next to the bypass at £69m. Also, a £109m project involving cutting rock from the hillside and widening the road and extending an existing avalanche shelter on the road at a cost of up to £104m."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ministers have allowed a seven day relaxation of strict EU rules allowing farmers to bury dead animals rather than pay to have them removed. Natural Resources and Food Minister Alun Davies said the Welsh government would not offer any cash aid to farmers. Some farmers say seven days is not enough and some called for cash help. They say it will take weeks before they can get to the dead sheep under snow drifts although the temporary lifting of the burial ban will be reviewed after seven days. Alun Edwards, a hill farmer near Llanuwchllyn, Gwynedd, said: \"A derogation from burying our animals is far from enough. \"It's not realistic and it shows a naivety as far as the situation is concerned,\" he told BBC Radio Wales. \"There were so many huge snow drifts in various areas, 20-30ft [6-9m] drifts. \"Those drifts are not going to go away through the whole of April.\" He said farmers are legally responsible for removing the carcasses, costing £15-20 an animal. \"So not only do we lose the animals but we have to pay to get rid of what's left of them.\" Deep drifts North Wales was hit by very heavy snow for several days from 21 March with large drifts that prevented farmers in many areas reaching their sheep at the height of the lambing season. Farms in the worst affected areas of Conwy, Denbighshire, Wrexham, Gwynedd, Flintshire and parts of Powys will be temporarily allowed to bury their sheep, lambs and calves. However, they have to provide evidence of inaccessibility. Tudor Jones, who farms near Bangor, Gwynedd, said: \"It's a welcome start but you can't bury sheep you can't find. \"I have only found three sheep. It could be at least three weeks before the deepest drifts where the sheep are buried has thawed.\" He called on Mr Davies to follow the lead of Northern Ireland and Scotland where a fund has been offered to help those who have lost livestock. NFU Cymru official John Owen told BBC Radio Wales the union was due to meet the minister on Thursday where the issue of cash help would be raised. \"The losses some of these farmers have incurred is substantial,\" he said. 'Significant problems' \"The amount of sheep they have lost is going to have a considerable effect on their income over the next 12 months.\" An NFU spokesman said the recent snow had the worst effect in north Wales, Shropshire, west Cumbria, and the Pennines, and left a \"devastating picture\". He said there was no exact figure but there would probably be thousands of lambs and sheep lost in England and Wales. The spokesman said the NFU was involved in ongoing discussions with Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in England, and was \"hopeful\" of financial help for farmers who had lost livestock."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Helen SoteriouTechnology reporter But the little Italian plumber from Brooklyn is set to be the highlight of his Japanese parent's press conference at the world's biggest video games trade show this week. Nintendo is expected to announce a new Super Mario game for its upcoming Wii U console, as well as provide more details about at least two titles featuring the character for its 3DS handheld games machine. The revelations at the E3 event in Los Angeles will mark the latest evolution of the company's 31-year-old mascot. Mario originally started life as Jumpman, a carpenter with a blue shirt and red overalls whose girlfriend was kidnapped in the game Donkey Kong. He was renamed Mario by his creator Shigeru Miyamoto ahead of the sequel Donkey Kong Jr's launch in the US - a rare instance in which he portrayed the villain. Legend has it he was named after Mario Segale, landlord of a US warehouse rented by the firm. Mario art He has since appeared in more than 200 games, including educational titles, sports simulations and, most famously, in a series of side-scrolling platformers alongside his brother Luigi. But Mario's influence extends far beyond his video game cartridges, making him an unlikely cultural icon. Tim Augst, a 24-year-old living in Melbourne, set up a website in 2006 to document all things Mario. Mario Mayhem currently receives about 100,000 unique visits a month, with a cross-section of individuals contacting him to pay homage. \"I get a lot of younger kids sending in their Mario drawings and other kinds of art, and then I get the older kids, and even 30-year-old adults, sending in everything from videos to pictures of their tattoos,\" Mr Augst says. \"There are probably a few more guys contacting me than girls, but not by much.\" Name change The Australian curator and his visitors aren't the only ones with a Mario obsession. Some take it to a deeper level. '\"Except for cartoons, Mario was my only escape from the problems at home,\" Mario Brotha, a New York-based contemporary artist, tells the BBC. Mr Brotha says changing his name to echo Nintendo's protagonist has helped attract attention, giving him a competitive advantage when it comes to winning commissions for magazine fashion shoots and advertising campaigns. \"I remember racing home from school everyday just to be Mario for a couple hours. Mario Bros was my first experience with the digital-electronic world. So I chose Mario Brotha as a name to represent how far technology has come in the last 20 years.\" The character also proved influential to one of the men behind another hit video game series. \"Mario is a great character,\" says Peter Vesterbacka, the chief marketing officer - or \"mighty eagle\" - at Angry Birds' developer Rovio. \"But it's not just about him - it's the whole world that Nintendo has built, with the other great characters and the stories told through its games. \"Like Angry Birds, it's a game that both kids and parents can enjoy, and a great example of how games can connect generations.\" Block buster Mario's original design was the result of technological limitations. He was given a big nose and moustache because early video games' graphics were limited to blocky pixels. He has a hat as Mr Miyamoto was not a fan of drawing hair, and the colours red and blue were selected to help him stand out from the background. Since then, little details have been added, such as buttons and the logo on his cap. \"As far as things go, there isn't a lot of depth to him,\" says Professor Jose Zagal, a game designer and academic at DePaul University, Chicago. \"He's defined by a few traits and characteristics: Italian-American, a bit tubby, sports a moustache, and is cheerful and brave. That's about it really.\" Despite his appearance it would be foolish to underestimate Mario's power, says Ed Barton, director of digital media at Strategy Analytics. \"He is the most iconic video games character - Super Mario is to games what Mickey Mouse is to cartoons,\" he says. \"Nintendo has been very careful with the intellectual property he represents, keeping the quality of his games not just high but industry-defining. \"Super Mario games are a benchmark for all platforming games.\" So how much is the little guy worth? \"A quick back of the envelope calculation comes to around 250 million unit sales, which even with a conservative average sales price comes out at around $10bn (£6.5bn) in new games sales,\" says Mr Barton. \"Obviously the series has generated more through second-hand games sales and licensing.\" Smartphone boycott Mario shouldn't need to worry that he will ever have to go back to unblocking drains. But there are some clouds over his future. Nintendo posted a net loss of 43.2bn yen ($553m, £360m) over its last financial year, and some question the firm's refusal to release Mario games on iPhones and Android handsets. \"Smartphones are already the biggest device category, but gaming will be on all connected screens,\" says Mr Vesterbacka. Prof Zagal suggests the character's fate may depend on the success of Nintendo's hardware. \"While Nintendo's 3DS sales have picked up, it got off to a rocky start and the upcoming Wii U console seems to have created more confusion than excitement,\" he says. \"On the other hand, Nintendo's Wii was met with great derision when it first launched but ended up soundly trouncing everyone else in terms of sales numbers.\" But one thing the experts and fans are resolute about is that Mario should keep at his most lucrative activity. \"Princess saving is what he seems to do most often and most successfully,\" states Prof Zagal. But Mr Augst says he wishes he could ask his hero one question: \"Is Princess Peach really worth it?\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan BlakeNewsbeat technology reporter The new 2DS, a stripped down budget version of its 3DS model, will go on sale in Europe on 12 October 2013. Announcing the 2DS as an \"entry point\" console, Nintendo confirmed it will be compatible with all DS games. One analyst described the move as coming \"out of the blue\". \"Nintendo is expressly going after a market it's always really known how to cater for: kids.\" said Daniel Krupa, UK Games Editor at IGN.com \"If anything I would've expected an upgraded version of the 3DS, not a budget version.\" The Japanese firm also announced a price cut to its Wii U console. The product has been seen by many in the industry as a failure for Nintendo, selling 3.6 million units worldwide since its 2012 launch. Nintendo will sell its 32GB deluxe version for $299.99 (£192), down from $349.99 (£225) from 20 September. \"It had to be done ahead of the release of the next-generation of consoles from Microsoft and Sony\" said Mr Krupa. Sony's PlayStation 4 and Microsoft's XBox One are both due to go on sale before the end of the year. Nintendo and others face competition from the growing popularity of mobile gaming on smartphones and tablets. The lack of 3D screen and lower specification may allow Nintendo to make a profit from the 2DS more easily than its other hardware. Pricing has not been announced but UK retailers have begun listing the 2DS for £109.99."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By William KremerBBC World Service Like all little boys, Roboy likes to show off. He can say a few words. He can shake hands and wave. He is learning to ride a tricycle. And - every parent's pride and joy - he has a functioning musculoskeletal anatomy. But when Roboy is unveiled this Saturday at the Robots on Tour event in Zurich, he will be hoping to charm the crowd as well as wow them with his skills. \"One of the goals is for Roboy to be a messenger of a new generation of robots that will interact with humans in a friendly way,\" says Rolf Pfeifer from the University of Zurich - Roboy's parent-in-chief. As manufacturers get ready to market robots for the home it has become essential for them to overcome the public's suspicion of them. But designing a robot that is fun to be with - as well as useful and safe - is quite difficult. Roboy's main technical innovation is a tendon-driven design that mimics the human muscular system. Instead of whirring motors in the joints like most robots, he has around 70 imitation muscles, each containing motors that wind interconnecting tendons. Consequently, his movements will be much smoother and less robotic. But although the technical team was inspired by human beings, it chose not to create a robot that actually looked like one. Instead of a skin-like covering, Roboy has a shiny white casing that proudly reveals his electronic innards. Behind this design is a long-standing hypothesis about how people feel in the presence of robots. In 1970, the Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori speculated that the more lifelike robots become, the more human beings feel familiarity and empathy with them - but that a robot too similar to a human provokes feelings of revulsion. Mori called this sudden dip in human beings' comfort levels the \"uncanny valley\". \"There are quite a number of studies that suggest that as long as people can clearly see that the robot is a machine, even if they project their feelings into it, then they feel comfortable,\" says Pfeifer. Roboy was styled as a boy - albeit quite a brawny one - to lower his perceived threat levels to humans. His winsome smile - on a face picked by Facebook users from a selection - hasn't hurt the team in their search for corporate sponsorship, either. But the image problem of robots is not just about the way they look. An EU-wide survey last year found that although most Europeans have a positive view of robots, they feel they should know their place. Eighty-eight per cent of respondents agreed with the statement that robots are \"necessary as they can do jobs that are too hard or dangerous for people\", such as space exploration, warfare and manufacturing. But 60% thought that robots had no place in the care of children, elderly people and those with disabilities. The computer scientist and psychologist Noel Sharkey has, however, found 14 companies in Japan and South Korea that are in the process of developing childcare robots. South Korea has already tried out robot prison guards, and three years ago launched a plan to deploy more than 8,000 English-language teachers in kindergartens. Cute, toy-like robots are already available for the home. Take the Hello Kitty robot, which has been on the market for several years and is still available for around $3,000 (£2,000). Although it can't walk, it can move its head and arms. It also has facial recognition software that allows it to call children by name and engage them in rudimentary conversation. A tongue-in-cheek customer review of the catbot on Amazon reveals a certain amount of scepticism. \"Hello Kitty Robo me was babysit,\" reads the review. \"Love me hello kitty robo, thank robo for make me talk good... Use lots battery though, also only for rich baby, not for no money people.\" The product description says the robot is \"a perfect companion for times when your child needs a little extra comfort and friendship\" and \"will keep your child happily occupied\". In other words, it's something to turn on to divert your infant for a few moments, but it is not intended as a replacement child-minder. An ethical survey of \"robot nannies\" by Noel and Amanda Sharkey suggests that as robots become more sophisticated parents may be increasingly tempted to hand them too much responsibility. The survey also raises the question of what long-term effects will result from children forming an emotional bond with a lump of plastic. They cite one case study in which a 10-year-old girl, who had been given a robot doll for several weeks, reported that \"now that she's played with me a lot more, she really knows me\". Noel Sharkey says that he loves the idea of children playing with robots but has serious concerns about them being brought up by them. \"[Imagine] the kind of attachment disorders they would develop,\" he says. But despite their limitations, humanoid robots might yet prove invaluable in narrow, fixed roles in hospitals, schools and homes. \"Something really interesting happens between some kids with autism and robots that doesn't happen between those children and other humans,\" says Maja J Mataric, a roboticist at the University of Southern California. She's found that such children respond positively to humanoids and she is trying to work out how they can be used therapeutically. In their study, the Sharkeys make the observation that robots have one advantage over adult humans. They can have physical contact with children - something now frowned upon or forbidden in schools. \"These restrictions would not apply to a robot,\" they write, \"because it could not be accused of having sexual intent and so there are no particular ethical concerns. The only concern would be the child's safety - for example, not being crushed by a hugging robot.\" When it comes to robots, there is such a thing as too much love. \"If you were having a mechanical assistant in the home that was powerful enough to be useful, it would necessarily be powerful enough to be dangerous,\" says Peter Robinson of Cambridge University. \"Therefore it'd better have really good understanding and communication.\" His team are developing robots with sophisticated facial recognition. These machines won't just be able to tell Bill from Brenda but they will be able to infer from his expression whether Bill is feeling confused, tired, playful or in physical agony. Roboy's muscles and tendons may actually make him a safer robot to have around. His limbs have more elasticity than a conventional robot's, allowing for movement even when he has a power failure. Rolf Pfeifer has a favourite question which he puts to those sceptical about using robots in caring situations. \"If you couldn't walk upstairs any more, would you want a person to carry you or would you want to take the elevator?\" Most people opt for the elevator, which is - if you think about it - a kind of robot. Pfeifer believes robots will enter our homes. What is not yet clear is whether the future lies in humanoid servants with a wide range of limited skills or in intelligent, responsive appliances designed to do specific tasks, he says. \"I think the market will ultimately determine what kind of robot we're going to have.\" You can listen to Click on the BBC World Service. Listen back to the robots for humans special via iplayer or browse the Click podcast archive. You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and the biggest cancer killer of children and under-40s. Two PhD students, including one from Cardiff University, have been awarded the money to develop new therapies. Part of the money is coming from a charity set up by a Haverfordwest man who died from the disease in 2009. Mike Mason died, aged 55, two years after being diagnosed. Before his death, he set up the Thorne Mason Trust with his wife Debi. \"Mike and I never imagined that one of us might die so relatively young - we always planned for what we would do together when we were old,\" she said. 'Woefully underfunded' Mrs Mason said it was her husband's wish to sponsor a student, with about 1% of national spending on cancer allocated to the \"devastating disease\". GBM can invade neighbouring healthy brain tissue and resist drug and radiation therapies. There is currently no cure. The research project will be supported by Brain Tumour Research (BTR) and Cancer Research Wales. With less than 20% of those diagnosed with a brain tumour surviving past five years compared with an average of 50% across all cancers, BTR's Kieran Breen called the area \"woefully underfunded\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Emily SelvaduraiHealth reporter, BBC News online The US Pediatric Cancer Genome Project has mapped the entire genome - all the DNA - of 260 young cancer patients. By finding differences between each youngster's normal and cancerous cells, scientists have pinpointed causes of some of the most deadly child cancers. They hope by sharing their work others will be able to make new breakthroughs. Genetic blueprint The work, published in the journal Nature Genetics, has already revealed a new treatment for a rare form of eye cancer known as retinoblastoma. The project - a collaboration launched in 2010 by St Jude Children's Research Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine - with help from private investors, has also yielded significant insights into aggressive childhood cancers of the brainstem and blood. Dr Richard Wilson, head of the Genome Institute at Washington University School of Medicine, said: \"We have identified unusual, 'cryptic' changes in many patients' cancer cells that we would not have found using other methods. \"We are pleased to be able to share this data with the research community in the hope that others can build upon our initial discoveries.\" Josephine Querido, of Cancer Research UK, said the work was \"hugely important\". \"This study in childhood cancer is part of a global effort to catalogue the gene faults that drive many different cancers,\" she said. Cancer Research UK recently launched two similar projects as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium, looking for genetic mistakes in hundreds of prostate and oesophageal cancers in adults. David Adams, head of experimental cancer genetics at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said: \"This unprecedented dataset release by St Jude's details the landscape of paediatric cancer genome, telling us that cancers that develop in children can be very different to those that develop in adults. \"This is an important lesson to remember. And it is marked by this important gift to cancer research.\" Childhood cancer is rare - around 1,500 new cases are diagnosed every year in the UK. Researchers worldwide will be able to access the data at the The European Genome-phenome Archive website."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Scientists at Dundee University have studied two genes, called Pink and Parkin, that communicate to protect the brain from damage. They also worked with international colleagues to find patients with a rare mutation affecting these genes. The team hope their work will lead to the development of improved treatments for patients. There is currently no cure for Parkinson's, a degenerative condition caused by loss of brain cells. Team leader Prof Miratul Muqit told BBC Radio Scotland's Good Morning Scotland programme: \"We genetically engineered mice and showed that these two genes are critically involved in protecting the brain against cellular stress. \"We've also managed to identify patients, with colleagues across Europe and the USA, who have very rare genetic changes that in effect mimic what we did in the mice. \"These are humans walking on the planet who have only lost that little switch mechanism, and we've shown that these individuals can get Parkinson's by that mechanism.\" Prof Muqit said that as well as helping with diagnosis, the discovery could assist drug development. He said: \"We've shown that this is a pathway that is absolutely critical in Parkinson's. \"There are many companies across the world who are trying to develop drugs that can switch on these two genes. \"What our research really provides is absolute confidence that this is the right strategy towards treatments.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"There are around 3,000 cases of Lyme disease, caused by tick bites, in the UK each year. Most of those who take antibiotics make a full recovery within months. But infectious disease doctors are warning that long-term Lyme disease cases are often misdiagnosed through expensive and unvalidated tests abroad. Dr Sarah Logan, from London's Hospital for Tropical Diseases, said: \"Most people who now think they may have had Lyme disease, in fact have a syndrome that is more in keeping with chronic fatigue syndrome.\" Speaking at a Science Media Centre briefing, she added: \"And because there is increased awareness about it, they are testing for Lyme disease and then they are going on to various different Lyme disease forums on the internet and being told, 'Well actually the UK tests are rubbish, but you need to send it off to Germany.' \"Then they are coming back with a test that is positive and saying, 'You doctors are all wrong and I don't have chronic fatigue syndrome, I have chronic Lyme disease.' \"I think that most people who think they have got Lyme disease in the UK, probably don't.\" 'Alternative' diagnosis She cited two cases she had seen where patients, believing they had chronic Lyme disease, had been taking intravenous antibiotics - one developed a Clostridium difficile infection as a result of being on the medication for more than six months. The second patient also developed a serious infection. Dr Logan said it could be that chronic fatigue syndrome was a difficult diagnosis for doctors to give, because it could be hard for patients to get treatment and support, and because of persisting negative views of the condition. \"I think there is a bit about patients not wanting to hear it because of all those stigma reasons, and there is a little bit about GPs hoping - probably not unreasonably - and saying, 'Let's look for an alternative diagnosis because then that is something we can treat.'\" When a Lyme disease test comes back negative, patients may decide to seek testing elsewhere, she said, adding that some patients were paying up to £600 for a consultation and test that has not been validated. Dr Matthew Dryden, a consultant microbiologist at Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, said he was also concerned about the issue of \"chronic\" Lyme disease. \"These are reported as true cases of Lyme when almost certainly they're not. The symptoms are very real but most medical tests tend to be normal which confuses both doctors and patients.\" He said the focus should be improving the management and care offered to patients with chronic fatigue. \"It really needs improved research and improved management services for these patients.\" What is Lyme disease? Source: Public Health England/NHS"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"They found the link after analysing observational studies involving more than 300,000 people. UK experts said people with long-term illnesses and undiagnosed diabetes often felt tired during the day. But they said there was no evidence that napping caused or increased the risk of diabetes. The large study, carried out by scientists at the University of Tokyo, is being presented at a meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes in Munich. Their research found there was a link between long daytime naps of more than 60 minutes and a 45% increased risk of type-2 diabetes, compared with no daytime napping - but there was no link with naps of less than 40 minutes. Sleeping patterns The researchers said long naps could be a result of disturbed sleep at night, potentially caused by sleep apnoea. And this sleeping disorder could increase the risk of heart attacks, stroke, cardiovascular problems and other metabolic disorders, including type-2 diabetes. Sleep deprivation, caused by work or social life patterns, could also lead to increased appetite, which could increase the risk of type-2 diabetes. But it was also possible that people who were less healthy or in the early stages of diabetes were more likely to nap for longer during the day. Shorter naps, in contrast, were more likely to increase alertness and motor skills, the authors said. 'Early warning sign' Naveed Sattar, professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Glasgow, said there was now a lot of evidence of some kind of link between sleep disturbances and diabetes. \"It's likely that risk factors which lead to diabetes also cause napping. This could include slightly high sugar levels, meaning napping may be an early warning sign of diabetes,\" he said. But proper trials were needed to determine whether sleeping patterns made a difference to \"real health outcomes\". Dr Benjamin Cairns, from the cancer epidemiology unit at the University of Oxford, said the findings should be treated with caution. \"In general, it is not possible to make conclusions about cause and effect based on observational studies alone, because usually they cannot rule out alternative explanations for their findings,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Jamila Azad, who has been elected to both Oxfordshire County Council and Oxford City Council, has since removed the post from her Facebook page. The government said jabs were only allowed to be administered by the NHS. Ms Azad said she did not want to comment. However, her family said she received the vaccine through the NHS. Labour has said she has not been suspended from the party but will effectively sit as an independent councillor while an investigation is carried out. The original Facebook post showed Ms Azad and another woman receiving injections from a man in medical scrubs and PPE, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service (LDRS). The comment said it was a \"Private Care Doctor for Covid 19 vaccine\" It added: \"A long wait for NHS waiting list. We had take away from Akber take away.\" It is unclear where Ms Azad may have received the vaccine. According to The Department of Health and Social Care, it would be illegal to administer vaccines outside of the NHS. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, which would be responsible for any enforcement action, said it was investigating. Lynda Scammell from the agency said: \"Vaccines that are not authorised for use in UK, and if purchased from outside the legitimate NHS supply route, cannot be guaranteed to meet standards of quality, safety and effectiveness.\" Councillors Susan Brown and Liz Brighouse, the leaders of the Labour groups at Oxford City Council and Oxfordshire County Council respectively, issued a joint statement in relation to the post. It said: \"Following a recent post on her Facebook account about her Covid-19 vaccination, Councillor Jamila Azad has been suspended by the whips of both the Oxfordshire County Council and Oxford City Council Labour groups, pending further investigation. \"Councillor Azad has now removed the post in question. \"We will be making no further comment on this matter until formal investigations into it have been completed.\" Councillor Craig Simmons, who leads the Greens at Oxford City Council, said Ms Azad would have breached the authority's code of conduct if she had paid for the vaccine privately. \"If [she] did indeed bypass the NHS and secure a vaccine from a private medical facility through illegal means then her position is untenable,\" he said. \"Principles such as selflessness, honesty and integrity are core to the code and Councillor Azad's behaviour, should the allegations be proven, would fall far short of what is expected and required of all councillors.\" Follow BBC South on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Department of Health and Social Care"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The character with a huge papier mache head was the alter-ego of musician and comedian Chris Sievey, who died in 2010. Fans raised £60,000 for the tribute which was made in a Czech foundry. Hundreds of people attended an unveiling ceremony earlier, many in fancy dress for the occasion. Neil Taylor, who helped raise the donations for the statue, said its installation would mean that \"Frank will gaze on the Timperley sunset forever\". Anarchy in Timperley He said: \"You either got the humour or you didn't get the humour. \"Frank Sidebottom created a whole world, he was just magical. He just made a very modest living entertaining people and that's what he's enjoying doing.\" Sievey set his character's life in the village, where he lived himself, and, as Frank, hosted tours of the area for fans. He often referenced Timperley in his TV and music work, notably on his 1987 release, The Timperley EP, which featured a version of The Kinks' 1967 song Waterloo Sunset with altered lyrics that referred extensively to the village. He also covered Sex Pistols' Anarchy in the UK, changing its title to Anarchy in Timperley. Although best known for Frank Sidebottom, Sievey also had success in the late 1970s with his punk band The Freshies, who had a hit with I'm In Love With The Girl On The Manchester Virgin Megastore Checkout Desk. His TV fame peaked in the early 1990s with his own series Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show. Next year Michael Fassbender will play Frank Sidebottom in Frank, a movie inspired by the character."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Work was carried out on the gravestone because it was covered in lipstick marks left by tourists, which was gradually destroying it. Actor Rupert Everett, who has penned a screenplay about Wilde, said the tomb was \"being eaten away by lipstick\". The star attended the ceremony along with Wilde's grandson Merlin Holland. The tomb was designed by Modernist sculptor Jacob Epstein and survived almost unscathed until 1985. Speaking to BBC Radio 4's Today programme, Everett said: \"The Irish government have taken it upon themselves to renovate the Epstein gravestone, which is literally being eaten away by lipstick, endless women kissing it.\" The glass barrier prevents visitors from touching the stonework, although tourists have already started leaving their lipstick marks on a nearby tree. Everett, who starred in the 2002 film version of Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest, said: \"I find him very inspiring and touching, not just for his genius, also for his stupidity, in a way. \"He was a human being, and made mistakes like everyone else.\" Wilde was convicted of gross indecency in 1895 and was sentenced to two years in prison in the wake of his love affair with Lord Alfred Douglas. During his trial he had attempted to explain his attitude to kissing boys and men. \"Kisses for Oscar Wilde were not just signs of love, he associated them with danger, even death,\" said Everett. Mr Holland said he was grateful to the Irish government for restoring the tomb. \"The royalties on Oscar Wilde's works disappeared many many years ago, and there's no way I could possibly have raised the money to do this myself. \"If my grandfather had been here he would have loved the attention,\" he added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 72-year-old, she said, died surrounded by close family at a hospice in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, on Thursday after a short illness. He leaves behind his three daughters and six grandchildren. His wife died in 2001. Shane made his name playing entertainer Ted Bovis in Hi-de-Hi!, a long-running TV series set in a holiday camp. He later appeared in You Rang, M'Lord? alongside some of the former Hi-de-Hi! cast members. These included Su Pollard, who called her co-star \"absolutely gorgeous\". Pollard - who played hapless cleaner Peggy Ollerenshaw - remained friends with Shane throughout his life and visited him just days before he died. \"I just remember the great fun we had, always laughing, every single day,\" Pollard told BBC Breakfast. She said Shane had \"a quiet, reflective side\" but was a born entertainer \"deep down in his heart\". \"He would never be the one to push himself forward,\" she said on Friday. \"But as soon as he was Ted Bovis... he came into his own. There was very definitely two sides to him, but [they were] equally lovely\". Fans have also been paying tribute on Twitter. Among them was comedian and actor Ricky Gervais, who called him an \"old school Britcom hero\", and former EastEnders actor Shaun Williamson, who wrote \"RIP Comedy Legend\". Austin Powers star Mike Myers wrote: \"RIP Paul Shane. Great British Comic, actor and talent. Rest in peace sir.\" Shane, born in Rotherham in 1940, began his working life as a miner but turned to the entertainment industry following an accident. In his early career, he sang and entertained in pubs and clubs across South Yorkshire until he was offered TV work in the early 1970s. His big break came with the BBC hit Hi-de-Hi! in 1980, written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft. The series, which ran until 1988, won large audiences and a Bafta for best comedy series in 1984. Linda Kramer, his agent for 15 years, said Paul had loved playing the character of Ted. She added that he was paid the \"ultimate tribute\" of being the subject of This is Your Life, the biographical TV show, in 1981. Shane also worked on 1990s BBC sitcom Oh Doctor Beeching!, as well as Emmerdale, Common as Muck, Doctors and Holby City. He gave his last TV acting performance in 2008 as 'Deisel Bob' in A Touch of Frost."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Stephen House was appointed last year to head up the new Police Scotland service. He said launch day on 1 April would be momentous for policing in Scotland. The Scottish government is merging the country's eight regional forces with the aim of cutting costs without hitting frontline services. In an interview for the BBC Sunday Politics Scotland programme, Mr House said: \"We are prepared, it's not near, we are prepared to go live and indeed much of what Police Scotland is all about is already up and running.\" He explained that a non-emergency number was made live a few weeks ago and was running well. There was also a special crime division in operation, Mr House added. The former Strathclyde Police chief constable explained that although 1 April would be \"momentous\" for policing in Scotland, \"not everything would start on that day\". He insisted that the public would not have to cope with big changes. Mr House said: \"An ordinary member of the public going about their business on day one, day two, we expect, or hope, they will see nothing much has changed here. \"There will be an absence of individual police force logos, but apart from that they will see police officers patrolling in the community, they will see police officers responding when they call for help and we want that to be as seamless as it possibly can.\" He added: \"The difference in many instances is when people need us we will be there and we will be there in numbers and we will be there in experience base that may not always have been the case. \"We have specialist officers available across the country because we will be a national outfit as opposed to a lot of smaller organisations.\" When the new force comes into being, about 17,400 police officers and 6,000 civilian staff will be transferred over. It has been speculated that many hundreds of non-uniform employees could go as administrative duties are merged. The Scottish government's policy of no compulsory redundancies has been accepted by both Police Scotland and the Scottish Police Authority (SPA), which holds the police force to account. Admin roles Attempts will be made to reduce the civilian workforce through voluntary redundancies and natural wastage. Efforts are also being made to try to reduce non-staffing costs. Issues surrounding who should have day-to-day control of human resources and finance functions in the new single force have yet to be fully settled. The new SPA, which was set up to hold the chief constable to account for the policing of Scotland, believed it should have control over administrative roles. Mr House said it was inevitable that given the change to the service different bodies would interpret their roles differently. He added: \"We are working very positively with the police authority and with their officers and I see that we are developing into a situation where we understand each other's roles.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police Scotland said it would recruit an additional 90 officers who will be attached to Armed Response Vehicles, bringing the total number 365. It will also recruit 34 more trainers and specialist firearms officers. But the force stressed there was no specific terror threat to Scotland. Justice Secretary Michael Matheson formally announced the changes in a statement to the Scottish Parliament, saying \"the threat we face from terrorism is real\". It is understood it will take the total number of firearms-trained officers from around 350 to 474, with the new firearms officers being taken from the force's existing pool of officers. This still represents less than one officer in 40 being authorised to carry firearms. Police Scotland updated its anti-terror training and planning in the wake of last year's Paris attacks, which left 130 people dead. The Scottish Police Federation had previously warned that Scotland was \"woefully under-equipped, under-resourced and under-prepared\" for a major terror attack. The majority of firearms officers operate from Armed Response Vehicles, which are the first to respond to a potentially life-threatening or firearms incident. But the force also has an elite team of Counter Terrorism Specialist Firearms Officers. Police chiefs said the additional 124 officers were in response to the latest assessments of the threat from terrorism and the use of firearms by home-based criminal gangs, but were not a response to any direct intelligence. They also said the force overall remained an \"unarmed service\", with the changes meaning that less than 3% of its 17,234 officers will be deployed in a firearms capacity north of the border. Assistant Chief Constable Bernard Higgins said the terror threat to the UK as a whole remained severe, and it would be \"dangerous and complacent\" to think that Scotland was any less at risk than the rest of the UK. He said much had changed, especially around the threat from terrorism, since the force's current firearms model was developed three years ago. He added: \"Our thinking moving forward is based upon ensuring Scotland is as well protected as anywhere in the UK and that we are a strong contributor to the overall security of communities in the UK. \"Our focus remains absolutely clear: to protect the public, reduce the risk posed by criminals including terrorists; and ensure we respond swiftly, effectively and decisively to any threat.\" Police Scotland, which averages about three to four armed police call-outs per day - has not revealed where the extra officers will be deployed as it is an operationally-sensitive matter. The use of armed officers has been controversial in recent years, with the force revising its guidance following an outcry over officers with guns being spotted attending minor incidents. Forces south of the border have already announced increases to their armed capability to help counter the terror threat. In January, the Metropolitan Police revealed that 600 extra armed officers were to be trained for that purpose. Mr Matheson told MSPs that the \"vast majority\" of officers would not be routinely armed, saying the policy of only sending armed officers to \"incidents involving firearms or a threat to life\" would continue. He said: \"Armed police officers are, first and foremost, police officers, and they are expected to respond appropriately to keep people safe. \"However, let me be clear that armed officers will not be routinely deployed to incidents other than those involving firearms or a threat to life.\" He added: \"The attacks in mainland Europe and Orlando caused shock and grief around the world. As a government we are resolute in protecting the way of life that we enjoy and cherish in this country. \"The different threats to that way of life are real and as a nation we must be prepared for any eventuality. That is precisely what today's announcement is about. \"There is no specific known threat to Scotland. People are safe to go about their day to day business and should be further reassured by today's announcement by Police Scotland.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The changes are part of efforts by the new single national force to save money and standardise services. Under the proposals, police traffic wardens would also be phased out around Scotland. Many of the old regional forces have already stopped providing traffic wardens, while front-counter hours vary across the regions. Staff affected by the cuts will be consulted on their options which include alternative roles in the force. The creation of the single police force was intended to save £1.7bn and Police Scotland said it has given them the opportunity to review and standardise services and procedures. Assistant Chief Constable Wayne Mawson, who led the review, said: \"The public access our services in many ways, but we have seen the number of people calling at public counters drop in recent years. \"Our review will reduce opening hours at some public counters across Scotland but this is where analysis of demand has provided evidence which has allowed us to take these steps without significantly impacting on the level of service enjoyed by communities. \"We will match our service with demand from the public as well as exploring opportunities to work in partnership with other public agencies. Keeping people safe is the focus of Police Scotland and this is an opportunity to deliver a more consistent, professional service which will enable more officers to be deployed where and when they are needed the most in communities.\" 'Matching resources' Assistant Chief Constable Mawson said the force has developed new ways for the public to contact the police, including the 101 telephone number and contact points which connect callers at police stations directly to officers. He added: \"Police stations and public counters will still operate across the country and provide a number of different services to a diverse range of communities. These proposed changes are about matching our resources to the demands of the communities we serve in order to keep people safe. \"Changes to legislation in relation to most parking offences means that there is no longer a requirement for enforcement to be carried out by the police. \"As a result, the traffic warden service has already been withdrawn from many parts of the country. In keeping with this approach we are now proposing to remove the service from the remaining areas of the country.\" 'Real impact' Opposition parties have condemned the proposals to cut public counter opening hours and withdraw the service at some stations. Margaret Mitchell MSP, Scottish Conservative justice spokeswoman, said: \"One of the main reasons behind moving to a single force was to create economies of scale. \"However, the Scottish Government at no point said one of the first things the single force would do is shut police stations all over the country. \"This is a worrying and retrograde step, and one which will do nothing to improve public confidence in the safety of our streets or the overall justice system.\" Alison McInnes MSP, Scottish Liberal Democrat justice spokeswoman, said: \"The proposed closure of 65 public counters in police stations could have a real impact on long-established links between police and the local community. \"It remains unclear as to whether local communities will be consulted on these plans. Any changes to public counter operating hours must be closely monitored.\" A Scottish Government spokesman said: \"Operational decisions around the management of resources is a matter for the Chief Constable of Police Scotland. \"Since 2007, this government has provided 1,000 extra officers working across Scotland to keep our communities safe, and crime is at an almost 40 year low.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Chris MasonPolitical correspondent, BBC News Unite's Len McCluskey said \"an enormous surge\" of people wanted to take part after Mr Corbyn was confirmed as running \"because people are inspired\". Mr McCluskey accused the \"ruling elite\" of \"trying to rubbish\" Mr Corbyn. The veteran only got enough support to enter the race thanks to some MPs wanting \"to broaden the choice\". \"Unite have already signed up 50,000 affiliate supporters to Labour and they are joining every day. And we will be doing a lot more than that,\" Mr McCluskey told BBC Radio 4's The World Tonight. He said that those who thought Mr Corbyn was \"marginalised\" should \"watch this space\". \"I know the people who will be uncomfortable, despite the fact that they are saying the opposite - and that's the ruling elite,\" he said. \"They try and rubbish it, they try to turn it into a joke, but secretly they will be worried sick that ordinary people are suddenly given something to inspire them and something to link onto,\" Mr McCluskey said. Asked explicitly if the Labour leadership race would have been boring without Jeremy Corbyn in it, the Unite leader shouted: \"Yes.\" Despite only getting enough MPs to back him with minutes to spare before the nomination deadline last month, the momentum Mr Corbyn's campaign is gathering is worrying some within the party - who wonder how a strong performance from him might be perceived by the wider electorate. On Friday, a newsletter sent by the group Labour First appealed to supporters of Andy Burnham, Liz Kendall and Yvette Cooper not to endorse Mr Corbyn in any way. Luke Akehurst, the group's secretary, said: \"We clearly do not share Jeremy Corbyn's politics and believe these would destroy Labour's chances of electability.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Labour leader is expected to highlight positives from last week's elections but say the results were \"mixed\" for the party. He will also criticise MPs for \"parading on the media to give a running commentary on our party\". \"We need, if not across-the-board unity, then at least respect for each other,\" he will say. Elections 2016: At-a-glance guide Follow the latest political news live In Thursday's elections, Labour held onto some key councils in England, remained the largest party in Wales and its candidate Sadiq Khan won the London mayoral election. But it failed to make significant gains in England and slipped into third place behind the Conservatives in Scotland. 'Right direction' Addressing the Parliamentary Labour Party, Mr Corbyn is expected to point to the party's successes before adding: \"But let's be clear. The results were mixed. We are not yet doing enough to win in 2020. \"This is only the first stage in our task of building a winning electoral majority, attracting voters from all the other parties and mobilising those who have been turned off politics altogether - as we did last week in Bristol and London. \"But overall we have moved in the right direction. And now we have to build on these results.\" Following his victory, Mr Khan said Labour could only win elections if it reaches beyond its own activists to a \"big tent\" of people. 'Policy not personality' Most MPs did not back Mr Corbyn in last year's Labour leadership contest, and some senior figures have expressed concern about the direction of the party and its prospects following the elections. Mr Corbyn will say: \"I don't expect, or even want, blind loyalty, but members and supporters expect us all to focus on taking on the Tories - and for our debates to be focused on policy, not personality.\" The leader will also say the party is united in its opposition to the government's \"failed economic policies\", claiming there is a \"broad consensus in support of a different kind of politics\". He will add: \"Last week's elections showed Labour's recovery has begun in earnest. We now need to work together to turn that into the kind of sustained revival that will deliver an election victory for the whole country in 2020.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Joey D'UrsoBBC Politics Labour did surprisingly well in the 2017 general election, and social media probably played a role - or at least indicated something amiss in pre-election polls. Pro-Jeremy Corbyn messages went viral online - particularly on Facebook - and were seen and shared by far more people than Conservative ones. Later this month the UK will hold European Parliament elections. What should we be looking out for online - and what has changed in the last two years? 1) Facebook's algorithm In 2017 the Conservatives spent more than on Facebook advertising than Labour. But lists of most-shared stories on the most popular social network were dominated by posts sympathetic to Labour and hostile to Theresa May's party. Instead of Labour relying on paid advertisements to push their messages, supporters were sharing them for free. However, in the upcoming European Parliament elections, it might be harder for posts in support of Labour - or any other party - to spread quite so far or fast. That's because at the start of 2018, Facebook announced a change to its algorithm, the code that decides what posts are given priority in your News Feed. Chief executive Mark Zuckerberg chose to prioritise \"posts from your friends and family\" and make posts from \"businesses, brands and media\" less prominent. It changed the media landscape overnight, with many publishers, particularly video sites, struggling to retain traffic. In the political world, the algorithm change particularly affected pro-Labour sites like Novara Media, the Canary and Skwawkbox. During the 2017 campaign some posts got tens of thousands of shares on Facebook but given the algorithm changes - along with the usual ebb in political engagement outside of general elections - it's highly unlikely that these numbers will be reached in 2019. 2) Pivot to privacy For years the focal point of Facebook has been the News Feed, but this has recently been the source of scandals, with misinformation or \"fake news\" going viral on the platform. The company has also faced a criticism over revelations about Cambridge Analytica. Facebook recently announced a strategic change of direction to address these concerns. On 6 March chief executive Mark Zuckerberg announced that \"privacy-focused communications\" would become more important than \"open social networks\" in the future. The new plans include adding end-to-end encryption to all messaging services, \"reducing the permanence\" of content posted on Facebook, and merging elements of Facebook Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp. More broadly, there are indications that political conversations in the UK increasingly take place within closed groups on Facebook and WhatsApp, where people can discuss issues with like-minded people in a semi-private format. However this comes with risks - closed groups can become incubators for offensive content, such as Islamophobia in pro-Conservative groups, and anti-Semitism in pro-Labour ones. During recent election campaigns in Brazil and India, misinformation spread rapidly in WhatsApp groups. And in closed groups it is much harder for regulators, researchers and journalists to observe what is going on. 3) Facebook's ad archives In one key way, Facebook has moved to increase transparency, through its political advertising archive. The aim is to shed light on so-called \"dark ads\" - messages targeted at particular groups, but which are all but invisible to people outside of the target audience. For instance, during the 2016 EU referendum, the official Vote Leave campaign spent more than £2.7m on targeted ads on Facebook. The ads were viewed more than 169 million times - Facebook eventually released them to the general public, two years later. \"Dark ads\" were also a key feature of the 2017 election campaign, with Labour, Conservatives, Liberal Democrats and other parties targeting groups of voters. A number of organisations and media outlets - including the BBC - urged voters to send in examples of political advertising they were seeing in their feeds. The new ad archive, launched last year, makes that job easier. New rules mean people posting political ads must prove their identity and location. And it's now possible to browse the database of political ads and view a demographic breakdown of people who have seen a particular advert. We still do not know much about ads posted on other social media sites, although Google has introduced an ad archive for the upcoming elections. Last year a BBC investigation revealed the government and the pro-Brexit group Britain's Future were both buying up Google ads to secure the top spot when people search for the phrase \"What is the Brexit deal?\" Thanks to Facebook's archive, we know for example that pro-EU campaign groups have spent more money on Facebook advertising than pro-Brexit ones since last October. But while the ad archive identifies the person or group behind the ad, it doesn't mean that we know exactly where their money is coming from. And researchers have criticised the system for providing no information on who the advertisers meant to target - rather than who was reached - and for not being completely comprehensive. So while we know more about online political ads than we did in 2017, there is still plenty we don't know. 4) Pressure on the tech giants Aside from the world of politics, Facebook, Twitter and Google have been accused of neglecting user privacy and providing platforms for misinformation, hate speech and other damaging content. One case in particular has become a rallying point for critics of the big social media giants. After British teenager Molly Russell took her own life in 2017, her family looked at her Instagram account and found distressing material about depression and suicide. In April the government released proposals for websites to be fined over \"online harms\". The proposals are also aimed at curbing terrorist content, child sex abuse and the sale of illegal goods. Labour has said the plan doesn't go far enough, while in the US presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren has gone as far as saying the big social media giants should be broken up. The 2019 European Parliament elections will out against a very different public mood compared to the very recent past. Fierce criticism of Facebook and Google has now gone mainstream. 5) YouTuber candidates Celebrity politicians are nothing new. As you may have heard, in 2016 a TV star got elected president of the United States, while more recently, another became president of Ukraine. But what is new in this year's European Parliament elections is that internet celebrities are running for office. Two of UKIP's candidates gained fame through their controversial YouTube channels - Carl Benjamin, aka \"Sargon of Akkad\" and \"Count Dankula\", real name Mark Meechan. Last year, Meechan was convicted of a hate crime and fined £800 after recording a pet dog giving Nazi salutes and posting it on YouTube. He was also the subject of a recent BBC Scotland investigation which found he was a prominent user of an online forum that contained racist language and threats against ethnic minorities. Last week police said they were investigating a complaint against Benjamin, who in 2016 tweeted at Labour MP Jess Phillips: \"I wouldn't even rape you... feminism is cancer.\" They may be the among the first YouTubers to run in a nationwide election, but it's safe to say they won't be the last. Blog by Joey D'Urso Have a story for us? Email BBC Trending You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"South Lakeland District Council and Grange Town Council want to redevelop the site at Berners Close, Grange over Sands, into affordable housing. A play area and community allotments are also included in the proposal. Grange Town councillor Tom Harvey said it was the first step in a \"much longer road\" to bring the 1932 lido back into use as a community \"asset\". The public consultation on the plans ends 24 May. Cllr Harvey said a small part of the site would be sold on the open market to raise funds for the redevelopment of the outdoor lido. The current swimming complex is to be demolished and there are also plans for a new public car park. Grange Lido was designed by Grange over Sands urban district council surveyor Bernard Smith. It closed in 1993. A lido is a general term for a public outdoor swimming pool, often featuring changing rooms and areas for sunbathing and relaxation."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Neath Port Talbot's cabinet will look at proposals to replace the Afan Lido which was destroyed by fire over four years ago. The £13m project includes an eight-lane pool, cafe, fitness centre, dance studio and sports hall. The new lido is planned for a site on Aberavon seafront. Neath Port Talbot council said the overall budget for the project had increased by £232,000. Council leader Ali Thomas said the process had taken longer than expected. This was due to the \"difficult site clearance issues\" following the 2009 fire, the design requiring an extensive consultation, the need for planning permission and the tendering process for the work. \"However, this report marks the final stage of that process and we are now able to deliver the new facility with construction to start before the end of the month,\" said Mr Thomas. \"This will not compromise on quality or the mix of facilities that will be available at the new centre, and additional resources have been allocated to the project to meet the commitments we gave to the community and the wider area.\" The original Afan Lido was opened in 1965 by the Queen, while Graham Jenkins, the brother of the late Hollywood star Richard Burton, was its first manager. The venue hosted major concerts by Spencer Davis and Pink Floyd in its early days, and Coldplay and McFly in recent years. But in December 2009 the building was gutted by fire and finally demolished in late 2011. A total of 2,628 people took part in a Neath Port Talbot council consultation on replacing the facility. Although many people said they would like to see an identical rebuild, the council said just keeping the old lido going was costing £700,000 a year."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The owner of Hanley's Hole In The Wall, Glenn Fowler, has run the shop for nearly 30 years and said the decision to shut was unavoidable. He said: \"I can't start to tell you how emotional it is, I'm dreading it.\" Over 5,000 people signed a petition to save the building in 2008 when it was threatened with demolition as part of regeneration in North Staffordshire. The regeneration programmeRenew North Staffordshirebegan in 2004 with the aim of investing £2.3bn over 15 years to help the housing market in the area. Mr Fowler has sold the building, which the shop has occupied for more than 100 years, to Stoke-on-Trent City Council. 'Very emotional' He said the alternative options to move were too expensive for him and his wife Sue. \"It all comes down to money and at the end of the day the money wouldn't be there - we would have had to get a mortgage,\" he said. \"I don't think there was any way out of it.\" Mr Fowler added: \"I've spent half my life here so it's going to be emotional, we've made some good friends here and we shall miss them very dearly. \"I'm now hoping to get a part-time job to help bolster our income but we're at a complete loss and dreading the day we have to close. The Fowler family has been producing oatcakes at The Hole In The Wall since 1982 and bake in what would have been the kitchen of the end of terrace house. It used to be common for oatcakes to be sold from sash windows of homes to customers on the street. In 2009, the Hairy Bikers visited Staffordshire while filming a television series. At the time, one half of the bikers, Simon King, said: \"We asked people to sum up Staffordshire in a plate of food, and they all said 'oatcake'! \"Then the second breath was, 'you've got to go to The Hole in The wall oatcake shop'.\" The shop will close on Sunday, 25 March."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Duncan LeatherdaleBBC News Despite the considerable cost and effort often involved, public art can sometimes split opinion. Indeed, as the Derbyshire town of Belper is currently finding, such sculptures can attract controversy, ridicule and even vandalism. But have any other towns managed to solve the puzzle? Mr Potato Head, Belper Belper has a spud-related situation on its hands - what to do with its Mr Potato Head. \"People either love him or hate him,\" said council leader John Nelson, who accepted the 7ft-high figure as a gift from US twin town, Pawtucket, in 2001. \"But everybody knows about him.\" Mr Potato Head currently stands on a pallet in a community centre's garden, having been lovingly restored by volunteers after years of vandalism. But he has been attacked again, leaving his arm broken off and hat damaged - prompting concerns over his future. Councillor Nelson admits the tuber's time in the town may be limited. \"The town council will now need to make a decision, it could be time for him to be put away, we can't continue to see him getting vandalised,\" he said. \"It might be time for him to go and stand in the sky, which would be a real shame.\" Karl Marx, Gloucester A 4ft-high, bright red Karl Marx caused something of a commotion when he was presented to Gloucester in May 2014. The statue was a gift from Gloucester's twin town of Trier, in Germany, the birthplace of the communist philosopher. But Gloucester's Conservative-led city council had an issue with installing such a politically-charged statement in a prominent position in the run-up to an election, so the miniature Marx was confined to a garden. \"It's very difficult,\" said Liz Goldie of Gloslinks, Gloucester's twinning association. \"You do not want to be undiplomatic and not want what you are given, but sometimes you do wonder what you can do with such a gift. \"Karl Marx is much revered in Trier and obviously he has his place in history but in this country I'm not sure people think too much of him.\" After much debate, Karl Marx now resides in Gloucester's Guildhall. Shoulder to Shoulder, Newcastle Newcastle has also had to deal with \"love it or loathe it\" public art. The Shoulder to Shoulder installation, nicknamed locally as the Lego Men, was installed in 1999 around the Haymarket Metro Station at a cost of £270,000. All 50 concrete figures were removed in 2008 as part of a refurbishment and have subsequently been sold, with some being auctioned for charity. Newcastle City Council leader Nick Forbes admitted they sparked mixed opinions. Brick Man, Leeds Some schemes cause such a furore they are still debated today, despite never actually leaving the drawing board. In the 1980s, plans were afoot for a 120ft-high figure of a man made from bricks in the centre of Leeds. The artist, a certain Antony Gormley, wanted people to be able to enter through the heels, with viewing platforms planned for the ears. It would have cost £600,000 and been the UK's largest sculpture, but in 1988 Leeds City Council decided against the \"extravagance\" people could ill-afford. A poll conducted by the Yorkshire Evening Post found 2,000 people were opposed to it, while 800 were in favour. George Mudie, then council leader, said the common sense of those against the sculpture \"contrasts sharply with the airy-fairy views of celebrities who don't live within 100 miles of the city\" who were in favour. Supporters, however, said it could have become a globally recognisable icon of Leeds, much like Sir Anthony's Angel of the North, built in Gateshead in 1998. Football figure, Cambridge Cambridge councillors also wanted something memorable when they enlisted artist Gordon Cooper to create a statue for Parker's Piece, to celebrate the city's claim of being the home of the original football rules. His Subbuteo-style sculpture was eye-catching but failed to find the back of the net in Cambridge City Council's view. Initial feedback from the public had been negative and there were concerns the statue's likeness to a Subbuteo figure could cause copyright concerns with the game's owners Hasbro. The plan had not even reached the public consultation stage when it was shelved. Michael Jackson, Fulham One football statue that did get off the ground, but has since been removed, was the model of Michael Jackson outside Fulham FC's Craven Cottage stadium. The club's then-owner Mohammed Al Fayed said the singer loved the one match he attended and the statue, installed in 2011, was a fitting tribute to Jackson's \"gift to the world\". It was removed in 2014, however, by the club's new owners. Mr Al Fayed said its removal caused Fulham to be relegated from the Premier League. The statue now resides at the National Football Museum in Manchester. B of the Bang, Manchester B of the Bang was commissioned to mark Manchester's hosting of the 2002 Commonwealth Games. It was unveiled three years late and only lasted until 2009 before being pulled down amid safety concerns after one of its large spikes fell to the ground. In 2012 the statue's metal core was sold for scrap for £17,000, while the 180 spikes remain in storage. Manchester City Council successfully sued designer Thomas Heatherwick and three sub-contractors for £1.7m. King Kong, Birmingham King Kong only spent six months in the centre of Birmingham's Bull Ring development but was so popular campaigners are still calling for his return more than 40 years after he was pulled down. \"Lots of people loved him, lots hated him but all who saw him remember him and the majority thought he was fabulous,\" said campaigner Andy Munro. The 22ft fibre glass gorilla was one of 24 sculptures in eight cities commissioned in the 1970s as part of a project run by the Arts Council and a cigarette company. \"The Brummies are self-effacing people with a great sense of humour about themselves,\" said Mr Munro, who is hopeful that one day King Kong might be persuaded to leave his current home, a private garden in Edinburgh. \"King Kong epitomises our tongue-in-cheek attitude, but he's actually more important than just something to laugh at. \"He represents what public art as a whole should be about. \"It should be amusing and something people talk about, and that can certainly be said about King Kong.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The statue, outside Tamworth town hall in Staffordshire, remembers Sir Robert who supported the abolition of slavery, the council said. His father had opposed the Foreign Slave Trade Abolition Bill. Tamworth council leader Daniel Cook said \"given the current national focus on memorials\" it was \"necessary\". Sir Robert Peel served as prime minister from 1834 to 1835 and again from 1841 to 1846. The bronze statue was put up three years after his death in 1850, and was given listed status in 1972, the Local Democracy Reporting Service said. \"Given the current national focus on memorials, including statues of Robert Peel, we feel it necessary to take extra precautions to protect Tamworth's 167-year-old Peel monument for the time being and fence it off. \"The Tamworth MP and former prime minister Robert Peel depicted in the Tamworth statue was anti-slavery and supported its abolition, and it is widely felt he has been confused with his father, who opposed the Foreign Slave Trade Abolition Bill,\" Mr Cook said. Tamworth MP Christopher Pincher said the statue was being protected from \"agitators who can't get their history right\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The vandalism, which has been removed, was also on the pavement, a picnic table and a climbing frame in New Road park in Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Town councillor Sharone Parnes, who alerted police, said community members were \"really shocked\". He criticised Woodstock Town Council, which he said had \"not condemned\" the graffiti immediately. Warning: This story contains an offensive image The council and the mayor, Mathew Parkinson, have been contacted for comment. Mr Parnes said he submitted a question at a recent council meeting requesting the mayor to \"speak out\" and condemn the vandalism. \"It's disappointing that the council could not take a position and just say it's wrong. It seems straight forward,\" he said. \"It's quite hurtful.\" Mr Parnes said he thought the symbols had been there \"three or four days\" before being removed. \"At a playground you don't want to expose [children] to things like that,\" he said. Oxford Stand Up To Racism said it was \"shocking\" there were \"people in the area willing to spread such hate\". Pat Carmody, from the group, said: \"There is a rising tide of racism and such graffiti is an attempt to intimidate Black and Asian people in our community. \"We need unity against racists and fascists. We need to send a message to those spreading racist and fascist poison that they are not welcome.\" The graffiti was not far from Blenheim Palace, the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill, where life-size silhouettes of 200 soldiers have been set up to mark Remembrance Sunday."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The consumer watchdog found 47% worked at any given moment in all 43 police authorities in England and Wales. Its study also highlighted big regional differences, with all 60 cameras in Sussex working compared to just 10% of Lancashire's 287 sites. Some 6,000 cameras have triggered an estimated £100m in fines since 1992. Which? said most areas rotated the working part of their cameras at random or in response to speed levels or accident statistics. Editor Martyn Hocking said: \"Speed cameras in some areas are always operational, whereas in others there could be a one in 10 chance the camera you've passed isn't working. It really is a tale of two counties.\" Accident figures Police authorities were asked how many speed camera housings they had and how many were operational under a Freedom of Information Act request. Dorset, Hertfordshire, Merseyside, Norfolk and Suffolk refused to answer, Durham said it used a single mobile camera, and Cleveland, North Yorkshire and Wiltshire also did not operate any fixed sites. There were just a dozen fixed cameras in Cumbria compared to 263 housings in Staffordshire - although of those just 11% were operational. Of Avon and Somerset's 54 sites, 94% were working. A Which? survey of 1,920 members was divided over whether speed cameras made the roads safer, with 47% saying they did and 45% disagreeing. Almost a quarter of those surveyed had received a penalty notice for speeding. Of these people, 48% paid more attention to driving within the speed limit following the fine, 39% were more cautious about their speed when near a camera and 18% did not change their driving. Speed cameras were axed in Oxfordshire in July last year after the county council withdrew £600,000 in funding due to budget cuts. The move angered some safety campaigners, but left others saying it would have little impact on accident rates. Downing Street has announced it will cut the road safety budgets it gives to English and Welsh local authorities by 40% as part of its wider efforts to reduce public spending."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Timothy Hill, 67, was pictured making rude gestures as he drove along the A19 in North Yorkshire in December. Police discovered he had a device fitted in his car to jam the cameras that he later tried to destroy when officers began investigating. Hill, of Old Mill Lane, Grassington, near Skipton, admitted four counts of perverting the course of justice. More stories from across Yorkshire Teesside Crown Court heard Hill was caught swearing at the cameras near Easingwold, Thirsk and Crathorne while driving his white Range Rover between 9 and 13 December 2017. On all three occasions, he was photographed gesturing at the camera with his middle finger. North Yorkshire Police also detected the laser jammer on his white Range Rover. Hill initially lied about where the vehicle was and tried to destroy the device but later admitted he was the driver and he had fitted the jammer. Police were unable to record Hill's speed but charged him with perverting the course of justice. Traffic Constable Andrew Forth said: \"If you want to attract our attention, repeatedly gesturing at police camera vans with your middle finger while you're driving a distinctive car fitted with a laser jammer is an excellent way to do it. \"It's also an excellent way to end up in prison. \"Drivers who fit laser jammers may mistakenly feel smug about 'getting one over' on the police, but we can tell if motorists are using these devices, and we will always endeavour to bring them to justice.\" Hill was also disqualified from driving for 16 months. Related Internet Links North Yorkshire Police"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jane WakefieldTechnology reporter The \"coordinates\" - \"weekend\", \"foggy\" and \"earphones\" - allowed police to exactly pinpoint their location. An algorithm developed by start-up what3words divides the world into 57 trillion nine-sq-m (97-sq-ft) areas and gives each a unique three-word address. The technology has been adopted by a number of emergency services in the UK. It was originally devised to help the millions of people in remote and impoverished areas who do not have a postcode gain an address for the first time. In turn that would allow them to apply for services and goods. But the location system has also gained the attention of emergency services and has recently been adopted by Avon and Somerset, Humberside and West Yorkshire police services, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire fire and rescue services and the British Transport Police. It has been used in several other cases, including: Call handlers can send people who ring them a text message that contains a link to the what3words map, where they can see their location and immediately read the corresponding three-word address. Help can then be dispatched to that precise location. Sam Sheppard, from Avon and Somerset Police, said: \"Having this type of technology integrated within our command and control system has changed the way we are able to deal with incidents where the location isn't known. \"We are moving away from the old style questioning - 'Where have you come from?', 'Where are you going?', 'What can you see?' et cetera.\" \"These questions take time and aren't always that accurate. \"Asking for a three word address or sending an SMS [text message] so they can easily provide their three-word address has meant we have saved valuable time locating incidents.\" Chris Sheldrick, co-founder of what3words, said: \"Being in need of urgent help and not being able to easily describe where you are can be very distressing for the person involved and a really difficult situation for emergency services. \"Today, people nearly always have their phone on them. \"We need to use the tools at our disposal to improve public services and potentially save lives.\" He told BBC News the company was keen to get ambulance services around the UK using the system next. It has previously been used at music festivals and for disaster relief."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Angela Harrison Education correspondent, BBC News They take eight of the top 10 positions and 46 of the top 100 in a table published by the Times Higher Education magazine. Cambridge and Oxford are in fourth and fifth positions respectively - two of the 10 UK institutions to feature in the list. The table is based on academics' votes. The World Reputation Rankings for 2014 are based on 10,500 responses from 133 countries to a survey sent out last May. Academics were asked to nominate up to 15 of the best institutions in their area of expertise. Harvard University is at the top, followed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University. The US, the UK and Germany have the most institutions in the list. Phil Baty, the editor of the rankings, says the list is dominated by \"super-brands\", which stand above the rest. In the UK, he says eight of those on the list come from a \"golden triangle\" in the south-east of the country. Besides Oxford and Cambridge, the institutions featured are: Mr Baty said: \"The UK has lost three big-name universities from the list of the world's 100 most prestigious institutions since the rankings were first published in 2011. \"Given how important global reputation is in attracting top international talent, collaborations and investment, this is cause for concern. The UK has some of the world's biggest university brands: we must protect them.\" Nicola Dandridge, chief executive of Universities UK, said the table and other rankings suggested that the UK continued to possess \"one of the strongest university systems in the world\". \"Rankings cannot provide a complete picture and this is just a small snapshot of our sector. University reputation is also very subjective,\" she said. \"What is clear, however, is that if we want to maintain this leading position, we must start matching our competitors' increased investment in higher education.\" A spokesman for the Department for Innovation, Business and Skills said the UK had a \"global reputation for excellence in higher education\", a world-class research base and dedicated staff. He added: \"To stay ahead in the global race, we are protecting the research budget, making UK research more accessible and delivering a better student experience.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Sean CoughlanBBC News education correspondent This ranking of online searches is very different from the traditional map of the global powerhouses of higher education. There is a strong interest in online courses, rather than traditional campus-based universities, says Google. And there are five Indian institutions in the top 20 of most searched-for universities. The top search worldwide is for the University of Phoenix, a US-based, for-profit university, with many online courses and a sometimes controversial record on recruitment. The University of Phoenix, founded in the 1970s, comes ahead of famous US academic institutions such as Harvard, Stanford and Columbia. Online students In second place in this league table of university searches is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - last week ranked as the world's best university and also an institution with a strong record for pioneering online courses. The top European university is not some ancient institution, but the UK's distance learning pioneer, the Open University. It has been developing online courses, including for the US, and is in third place in the Google most-searched rankings. University College London and the London School of Economics are both ahead of Oxford and Cambridge among UK universities. The University of Calicut, in Kerala, India, is fourth in this ranking of online searches. And Anna University in Chennai is the second Indian university in the top 10. Liberty University, an evangelical Christian university based in Virginia in the US, with many online students, appears in the top 20. Shopping channel The internet has become a key marketplace for universities to reach potential students, says Google's analysis. It is also increasingly the medium for delivering courses, including massive open online courses or \"Moocs\". In 2013, searches for online universities overtook traditional universities. Taking the UK higher education system as an example, Google's search patterns show a globalised and fast-changing market. Among searches worldwide for UK universities, 40% are from outside the UK. The biggest international regions for searching for UK universities are Asia Pacific and western Europe. This has helped to put five UK universities in the top 20 - but Google's report on search data shows the volatility and pace of change. In 2011, the most searched-for universities in the UK, apart from the Open University, were conventional campus-based institutions, headed by Oxford and Cambridge. By 2014, all of these UK campus universities had been overtaken by Coursera, the US-based provider of online courses. Other Mooc providers, such as edX and FutureLearn, had also emerged as bigger than many traditional UK universities. \"The growth that they've experienced has been phenomenal,\" says the Google analysis. \"Higher education institutions must decide whether to embrace and adapt or risk getting left behind.\" The Khan Academy, which has been providing online teaching material since 2006, has more search activity than Cambridge University, teaching since the 13th Century. 'Tip of the iceberg' Universities are acutely aware of the importance of their online presence, says Ronald Ehrenberg, director of Cornell University's Higher Education Research Institute in New York. The internet is the \"primary way\" that universities market themselves to potential students and to alumni, says Prof Ehrenberg. \"We update our web page multiple times a week to broadcast all the news that is going on at the university and all of the achievements, including research, of our faculty and students, and showcase all the visitors to the university. \"But this is only the tip of the iceberg in the way that the internet has changed how we behave. \"Many institutions are heavily into online instruction as a way of expanding enrolments... many institutions are moving to expand revenues by growing professional masters programmes in a wide range of areas.\" Nick Hillman, director of the Higher Education Policy Institute in London, says the impact of Moocs has been \"over-sold\". But he says university websites have an important role in recruiting, particularly for overseas students. The Google data suggests that academics, accustomed to university terms, will also need to pay attention to search terms. \"The internet is playing an ever increasing role in the decision making. Students are online searching and consuming content in all forms when they are deciding whether or not to go to university and deciding which universities to apply for,\" said Harry Walker, education industry head at Google."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The unanimous decision to close the Wakeman School in 2013 came a fortnight after it achieved its best ever GCSE results. Head teacher Karen Moore said the school would appeal and was also considering academy status, which would remove it from local authority control. The council said the decision was due to \"unsustainable\" pupil numbers. In July, Shropshire Council also confirmed the closure of four primary schools. The Conservative-controlled authority praised staff at the Wakeman and said the closure was due to the school's financial sustainability, rather than its standard of education. In March, Ofsted reported that the Wakeman was a good school, with a good capacity for sustained improvement and a strong leadership. The town centre school has only 240 pupils on its roll from September, out of a capacity of 675. School campaigners said the falling rolls had been due to rumours over the past five years regarding its future. Pupils from the arts college have been actively campaigning against its closure since February. Before the cabinet meeting pupils performed street theatre outside Shire Hall, recreating a crime scene in protest against the plans. The council said the impact on pupils would be minimised by phasing the closure over two years. Related Internet Links Shropshire Council Wakeman School & Arts College"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By John CampbellBBC News NI Economics & Business Editor There have been long running campaigns to cut both taxes. A consultation on them formed part of the DUP's confidence and supply deal with the Conservatives in June 2017. The government's response has been published alongside the budget and said that for legal reasons no changes can be made until the UK has left the EU. Instead APD will be further examined by a \"technical working group\" while VAT will remain \"under review\". The government also suggests that \"level playing field\" provisions in any eventual deal with the EU may limit any changes to the taxes in Northern Ireland. It states: \"In the future, the government is committed to continuing the control of anti-competitive subsidies by creating a UK-wide subsidy control framework. \"This would include a commitment to maintain a common rulebook with the EU on state aid, enforced by the Competition and Markets Authority.\" The government does concede that there \"may be scope\" to make VAT changes in the future but cautions that it is \"a complex area affecting important sources of revenue for the Exchequer which requires further exploration\". The government also takes a sceptical approach to the tourism VAT cut which was introduced in the Republic of Ireland during the economic downturn. A special low rate of 9% was introduced in 2011 as a temporary measure to help the industry in the depths of a recession. However, the government says the upsurge in the tourism industry there has \"reflected, to some extent, global economic recovery and that of Ireland\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Holyrood has been given new powers over the income tax rate, with Labour and the Liberal Democrats calling for a 1p increase to raise extra funds. However, finance secretary John Swinney insisted the rate should stay the same. After a heated Holyrood debate on the topic, MSPs voted by 74 to 35 to accept the government's plan to maintain the income tax at current levels. Opposition parties said an increase could create funds to protect services, but Mr Swinney said it would punish taxpayers on low incomes. Mr Swinney said it was a \"historic\" day for Holyrood, with a Scottish rate resolution being proposed for the first time. The deputy first minister defended maintaining the rate at current levels following attacks from opposition members, saying his priority was to protect low-earning households. He said Labour's 1p tax rise would \"punish\" people on low incomes, saying the party did not have credible plans. He said: \"Labour is targeting working people busting a gut to make ends meet; this government will not punish those individuals.\" Jackie Baillie, leading Labour's contribution, said the SNP was \"voting with the Tories to continue the cuts\". She said members should \"reject the do-nothing proposal\", arguing that increasing the income tax by 1p would raise a nine-figure sum to protect local services. Ms Baillie said there had been \"extraordinary claims\" from the SNP, saying: \"these are cuts started at Westminster and continued by the SNP.\" She said: \"I call on members to reject hundreds of millions of pounds of cuts and choose to invest in our children and invest in the future prosperity of our country.\" 'Taxpayer's alliance' For the Conservatives, Gavin Brown claimed there was a \"taxpayers alliance\" between his party and the SNP, describing the governing party as a \"fiscal conservative party\". He said: \"We don't think hardworking people in Scotland should be paying more in tax than people in the rest of the UK.\" He said it would \"send out entirely the wrong message\" to raise taxes at the first opportunity with new powers. Willie Rennie said the Scottish government had failed to live up to \"this truly historic day\", saying that in the face of cuts \"the SNP do not one single thing, they don't take any opportunity to change the climate at all\". He said: \"Their whole existence they've been living for this day, and what do they do? Absolutely nothing. How disappointing and despondent is that?\" He said the Liberal Democrat policy of adding 1p to taxes would be \"progressive\" and would have resulted in a boost to education spending. \"We should be celebrating today that we can undo the damage, but the SNP sit and do absolutely nothing.\" Scottish Greens co-convener Patrick Harvie called for raising revenue at a local level to protect public services. He advocated a \"radical and local plan\" to raise revenue by unfreezing the council tax. After an often fractious debate, members voted to support the government's proposals by 74 to 35. What is the Scottish Rate of Income Tax?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Speaking at a news conference alongside Prime Minister Boris Johnson in Berlin, she stressed it would be up to the UK to offer a workable plan. The PM said he was \"more than happy\" with that \"blistering timetable\". He accepted the \"onus\" was on the UK, but said he believed there was \"ample scope\" for a new deal to be reached. In his first overseas visit to a fellow leader, Mr Johnson is meeting Mrs Merkel after he told the EU the backstop - which aims to prevent a hard Irish border after Brexit - must be ditched if a no-deal exit was to be avoided. He will meet French President Emmanuel Macron on Thursday, before attending the G7 summit on Saturday alongside other leaders including US President Donald Trump. The EU has repeatedly said the withdrawal deal negotiated by former PM Theresa May, which includes the backstop, cannot be renegotiated. And - despite Mrs Merkel's comments - that message was echoed by Mr Macron on Wednesday evening. \"Renegotiation of the terms currently proposed by the British is not an option that exists, and that has always been made clear by [EU] President Tusk,\" he told reporters in Paris. At the news conference, the German chancellor said a realistic alternative to the plan would require \"absolute clarity\" on the post-Brexit future relationship between the UK and the EU. \"The backstop has always been a fall-back option until this issue is solved,\" she said. \"It was said we will probably find a solution in two years. But we could also find one in the next 30 days, why not?\" Mr Johnson replied: \"You rightly say the onus is on us to produce those solutions, those ideas [...] and that is what we want to do. \"You have set a very blistering timetable of 30 days - if I understood you correctly, I am more than happy with that,\" he added. He added that alternatives to the backstop had not been \"actively proposed\" under his predecessor Theresa May - but he was pressed by Mrs Merkel to spell out what such alternatives might look like. The prime minister has insisted he wants the UK to leave the EU with a renegotiated withdrawal deal, but the UK must leave on 31 October \"do or die\". Please upgrade your browser Your guide to Brexit jargon If implemented, the backstop would see Northern Ireland staying aligned to some rules of the EU single market, should the UK and the EU not agree a trade deal after Brexit. It would also see the UK stay in a single customs territory with the EU, and align with current and future EU rules on competition and state aid. These arrangements would apply until both the EU and UK agreed they were no longer necessary. Brexit supporters fear this could leave the UK tied to the EU indefinitely. Mr Johnson called the backstop \"anti-democratic\" and \"unviable\". Should we be optimistic about the scope for a Brexit breakthrough after Angela Merkel suggested a solution to remove the need for the backstop could be found - possibly even within just 30 days? Boris Johnson will certainly be pleased the German chancellor has left a door open. But don't get carried away. There's a reason Europe is so adamant the backstop has to stay in the Brexit deal - it just doesn't believe there is a workable alternative available right now. Boris Johnson says it's his job to find a solution and accepted a deadline of 30 days to come up with one. The pressure is firmly on the UK to find that solution - and it's going to be a huge challenge to put it mildly. Meanwhile, Jeremy Corbyn has cancelled a trip to Ghana later this week, urging opposition MPs to meet urgently to discuss ways to prevent a no-deal Brexit. SNP Westminster leader Ian Blackford has confirmed he would attend the meeting next Tuesday, but warned the Labour leader that \"all options must be on the table\". Mr Corbyn has proposed that in order to prevent a no-deal exit, opposition MPs should help him defeat the government in a no-confidence motion and install him as a caretaker PM. If he wins the vote, he plans to delay Brexit, call a snap election and campaign for another referendum. But the Liberal Democrats, and some potential Tory allies opposed to a no-deal exit, have indicated they won't back a plan that leads to Mr Corbyn in No 10."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It comes after the Sunday Times said senior officials had examined the idea. But a No 10 spokesperson rejected the report as \"categorically untrue.\" And travel agents' body Abta told the BBC: \"The European Commission has said that even in a no-deal scenario, flights will still operate between the UK and EU, and a visa is not required.\" The UK is set to leave the European Union on 29 March 2019. There are understood to be tensions among government ministers over the prospect of a no-deal Brexit, and the impact it might have on the economy. Travel freely Last week it was confirmed that while UK travellers will not need a visa to visit the EU, Britons will need to apply for and buy another document to travel to member states, post-Brexit. The document - which costs €7 (£6.30) and is valid for three years - is called an ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorisation System) and although not launched yet, is expected to come into force in 2021. The travel requirement is not just for the UK but for many non-EU countries. Under the Brexit deal, EU citizens and UK nationals will continue to be able to travel freely with a passport or identity card until the end of the transition period in 2020. After this period ends, the European Commission has offered visa-free travel for UK nationals coming to the EU for a short stay, as long as the UK offers the same in return. But although they do not need a visa, UK nationals will need the ETIAS - deal or no deal."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Michel Barnier said a long extension to the UK's 12 April exit date had \"significant risks for the EU\" and a \"strong justification would be needed\". Meanwhile, the BBC's John Pienaar said Theresa May's cabinet has considered plans to \"ramp up\" preparations for a no-deal Brexit. A snap general election was also discussed in the meeting, he said. A second two-hour regular cabinet meeting will be held later, with the issues likely to be discussed again. It comes after MPs voted on four alternatives to the PM's withdrawal deal, but none gained a majority. In the Commons votes on Monday, MPs rejected a customs union with the EU by three votes. A motion for another referendum got the most votes in favour, but still lost. The so-called indicative votes were not legally binding, but they had been billed as the moment when Parliament might finally compromise. That did not happen, and one Tory MP - Nick Boles, who was behind one of the proposals - resigned the whip in frustration. Brexit Secretary Stephen Barclay told MPs that if they wanted to secure a further delay from the EU, the government must put forward a \"credible proposition\". One suggestion has been the possibility of a general election - but former foreign secretary Boris Johnson told BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg that would be likely to \"infuriate\" voters. Instead, Mr Johnson said he believed a new leader and \"change in negotiation tactic\" could \"retrofit\" the PM's \"terrible\" agreement with the EU. Speaking on Tuesday morning, Mr Barnier said: \"No deal was never our desire or intended scenario but the EU 27 is now prepared. It becomes day after day more likely.\" Mr Barnier told the European Parliament's foreign affairs committee that \"things are somewhat hanging on the decisions of the House of Commons\", and that the deal was negotiated with the UK \"not against the UK\". \"If we are to avoid a no-deal Brexit, there is only one way forward - they have got to vote on a deal. \"There is only one treaty available - this one,\" he said, waving the withdrawal agreement. Former Brexit Secretary David Davis told BBC Radio 4's Today programme the way forward was to address the controversial Irish backstop - a measure to avoid the return of a hard border on the island of Ireland. He said the most \"constructive outcome\" would be the Malthouse Compromise - which includes extending the transition period for a year until the end of 2021 and protecting EU citizens' rights, instead of using the backstop. But the Leader of the Commons Andrea Leadsom said the prime minister's deal was the best option. \"The compromise option, the one that delivers on the EU referendum but at the same time enables us to accommodate the wishes of those who wanted to remain in the EU - that is the best compromise,\" she said. Labour MP and chairman of the Brexit select committee Hilary Benn told Today that a confirmatory referendum was the best solution. \"A good leader would be taking that decision and put it back to the people,\" he said. \"[The] fear is that the PM is not going to move an inch. That is why we are at a moment of crisis.\" Mrs May's plan for the UK's departure has been rejected by MPs three times. Last week, Parliament took control of the process away from the government in order to hold a series of votes designed to find an alternative way forward. Eight options were put to MPs, but none was able to command a majority, and on Monday night, a whittled-down four were rejected too. Those pushing for a customs union argued that their option was defeated by the narrowest margin - only three votes. It would see the UK remain in the same system of tariffs - taxes - on goods as the rest of the EU, potentially simplifying the issue of the Northern Ireland border, but prevent the UK from striking independent trade deals with other countries. Those in favour of another EU referendum pointed out that the motion calling for that option received the most votes in favour, totalling 280. For months, Parliament has been saying \"Let us have a say, let us find the way forward,\" but in the end they couldn't quite do it. Parliament doesn't know what it wants and we still have lots of different tribes and factions who aren't willing to make peace. That means that by the day, two things are becoming more likely. One, leaving the EU without a deal. And two, a general election, because we're at an impasse. One person who doesn't think that would be a good idea is former foreign secretary and Brexiteer Boris Johnson. He told me going to the polls would \"solve nothing\" and would \"just infuriate people\". He also said that only somebody who \"really believes in Brexit\" should be in charge once Theresa May steps down. I wonder who that could be... Hear more from Laura and the gang in Brexitcast What next?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Leo KelionTechnology desk editor It follows a self-boarding trial carried out in partnership with EasyJet last year. The London airport said the technology should reduce queuing times but travellers would still need to carry passports. Privacy campaigners are concerned. On Tuesday, a spokeswoman for Gatwick told BBC News it had taken the decision, first reported by the Telegraph newspaper, after reviewing feedback from passengers in the earlier test. \"More than 90% of those interviewed said they found the technology extremely easy to use and the trial demonstrated faster boarding of the aircraft for the airline and a significant reduction in queue time for passengers,\" she said. \"Gatwick [is now planning] a second trial in the next six months and then rolling out auto-boarding technology on eight departure gates in the North Terminal when it opens a new extension to its Pier 6 departure facility in 2022.\" She added passengers would still need to pass through the bag-check security zone, at which point they would need to present a boarding pass. In addition, they would need to scan their passport at the departure gate for the system to be able to match the photo inside to their actual face. The process is similar to that already used at the ePassport arrival gates at some UK airports. But it differs from Gatwick's original test, where travellers scanned their faces at the luggage drop-off zone. Consent concerns That decision will limit Gatwick's ability to use facial recognition for other services. China's Chengdu Shuangliu airport, for example, recently installed a system that automatically presents travellers with up-to-date information about their flights when they walk up to a screen. This is made possible because visitors have to present their passports at an earlier stage. Even so, one civil liberties group is worried travellers might not realise they can opt out. \"Our main concern... would be the issue of proper consent,\" said Ioannis Kouvakas, from Privacy International. \"Placing general or vague signs that merely let individuals know that this technology is being deployed, once individuals are already inside the check-in area, is inadequate, in our view, to satisfy the strict transparency and consent requirements imposed by data-protection laws. \"If this would apply to child travellers... it raises even more concerns, considering the special protection afforded to children's privacy and the risks associated with having their biometrics taken by the airport private entities.\" A spokeswoman for Gatwick said it had designed its use of the technology to be \"compliant with all data protection law\" and passengers would be able to choose to have their passports checked by human staff. \"Our next passenger trial will take place in the next six months and no data will be stored - instead it will be held momentarily while the identity check takes place, only a matter of seconds,\" she said. Children under a certain age would need parental or guardian consent, she added, although Gatwick had still to determine what the cut-off point would be."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Christopher Edwards, 67, who sold the business in 2015 for £150m to TPG Capital, said the chain could be saved with fresh management. But he said no deal had been finalised and the discounter would only survive another two weeks without a buyer, putting some 5,100 jobs at risk. Mr Edwards founded the firm in 1974. Administrators Deloitte were called in after the indebted chain failed to strike a rescue deal with another potential buyer, R Capital. Like many retailers, Poundworld has been battered by falling consumer confidence, rising overheads, the weaker pound and the growth of online shopping. But Mr Edwards, who started out running a market stall in Wakefield in 1974, said the current management team were most at fault. He said the management at Poundworld had \"not adjusted\" to rising cost pressures, caused by the weaker pound, and had \"lost their profit margin\". He also said a decision to introduce multi-price products after 20 years of only selling goods for a pound had confused shoppers. \"B&M Bargains hasn't gone, Home Bargains hasn't gone, Wilko hasn't gone,\" he told BBC Radio 5 live. \"So for every store that goes down others are still thriving. It's about management style, that is what makes the business work.\" Poundworld, which has 335 stores across the UK, expanded rapidly after the 2007 recession by targeting price-conscious shoppers. However, footfall has slumped over the last few years along with its sales. Losses for the financial year 2016-17 were £17.1m, up from £5.4m the year before. Mr Edwards said he felt \"sad and emotional\" about the firm's troubles, and had been negotiating to buy stores for the past six weeks. But he admitted he could not afford to do so alone and was looking for outside investors to back him. If a deal is struck, he said, he will look to renegotiate Poundworld's debts but admitted that getting the business back on track would be a \"task and a half\". \"I will know within two weeks if I can save the business,\" he told Radio 5 Live. \"And if no buyer is found by then, the firm will go to the wall.\" Administrators Deloitte stress the stores will continue to trade as normal with no redundancies at this time. Investment company TPG, which still owns Poundworld, also controls the restaurant chain Prezzo whose landlords and creditors agreed a restructuring last month. Chris Edwards - Poundworld's saviour?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Chris JohnstonBusiness reporter, BBC News Julian Dunkerton, who stepped down as chief executive in 2014 and left its board in March, remains its biggest shareholder with an 18.5% stake. He has gone public with criticism of Superdry's strategy after its latest profit warning last week. The firm's shares have fallen from almost £20 in January to £7.29p apiece. Mr Dunkerton told the BBC he was offering to return to Superdry \"in any capacity\" to correct what he described as a failing strategy. He argued that the policy of putting new products in its stores more frequently was misguided. It should focus on its core jackets and hoodies and offer a far wider range of variations online, he said: \"Superdry is a series of core products - stick with them and tweak them.\" 'The ship needs to turn' The decision to start discounting jackets two days before Christmas meant there was not enough stock for the rest of the winter, Mr Dunkerton added. \"This is just about the strategy - it's not about ego,\" he said. \"The ship needs to turn and it needs to turn quickly.\" Mr Dunkerton founded Superdry in Cheltenham 15 years ago with designer James Holder, who left two years ago and still owns a 9.7% stake in the company. He said his co-founder backed his plan to return to the company as both believed they could no longer stand back and watch as the shares continue to sink. Mr Dunkerton said any retail shareholders he spoke to also wanted him to go back. He has hired the broker Cenkos to help persuade institutional investors to support his campaign. However, Aberdeen Standard Investments, which is the second-largest shareholder in Superdry with a 10.6% stake, has criticised Mr Dunkerton for failing to make contact before going public with his campaign. Frederik Nassauer, a fund manager at Aberdeen Standard, has gone on record to support the company's management and strategy. \"Euan Sutherland was appointed chief executive in 2014, as Julian decided to step aside as chief executive after several profit warnings,\" he told The Times. The other major shareholders, Old Mutual, Artemis and Blackrock, which have stakes of 7%, 5% and 4.7% respectively, are yet to reveal their stance on Mr Dunkerton's campaign. Peter Bamford, chairman of Superdry, said the former chief executive had raised several issues about strategy since he left the business. \"We have reviewed and discussed these issues and, while we have sympathy with some of his points, we have a different view on the best strategy or approach to addressing them,\" he said. \"The board believes that Julian's view of strategy has not evolved with the needs of the business. We remain fully committed to our successful global digital brand strategy and the board is confident that Superdry has in place the right leadership.\" The company makes up to three quarters of its profits in the second half of the year and has embarked on an 18-month plan to broaden its range in order to be less dependent on sales of winter jackets, jumpers and hoodies. Superdry last week blamed poor sales over the summer on unseasonably hot weather in the UK, continental Europe and on the US east coast. That situation continued into October. The profit warning sent shares down by a fifth and the company is now worth just under £600m. In July Mr Dunkerton raised £71m by selling 5.5 million shares to institutional investors at £12.85 a share, reducing his stake from 25.2% to 18.5%."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Lora JonesBusiness Reporter, BBC News Store chains like House of Fraser, Marks & Spencer and New Look have been forced to shut up some of their shops. They blame their struggles on factors such as weak sales, rising costs and competition from online retailers. So BBC News asks, what are people in the UK spending their money on, and where? 1. How much are we spending? Over the last 10 years, the amount of money people have been spending in the retail sector has been on the up, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS). In 2017, consumers spent around £366bn in shops and online (excluding fuel). That was an increase of 4.57% from £350bn the year before, not accounting for inflation. While sales have been increasing, the British Retail Consortium has reported that shop prices increased for the first time in five years in August, with the recent heatwave driving up the cost of food. 2. What do people spend most on? For every pound spent in the retail sector in 2017, 42p was spent in non-food stores like clothes shops and department stores and 9p went to other retailers like market stalls or mail order companies. The latest statistics from the ONS show that the last three months of summer, from June to August, saw an increase in the amount consumers bought. Food sales did well with the good weather, with growth of 3.2% in comparison with last year. Retailers have also suggested that the World Cup boosted sales of televisions. 3. Where do we spend the most? In Great Britain, we spend more money in shops than we do online. But, the growth of online sales is increasing rapidly. Online sales in 2017 increased by 15.9% to £59.8bn in comparison with 2016, while in-store sales saw a jump of only 2.4%. That means that nearly one-sixth of every pound was spent online last year, with customers spending most in the months leading up to Christmas. With chains like Toys R Us and Maplin recently collapsing, some experts have said that the rise of online, increasing staff costs and rising business rates have created a \"perfect storm\" for retailers. 4. Are more shops closing? The number of new shops opening in Great Britain is declining, while store closures are becoming more common. There was a total loss of 1,772 stores in 2017 across the top 500 British town centres, according to a study by consultancy PwC. An average of 16 high street shops closed every day in 2017, with more than 700 of the closures coming among fashion retailers. Beauty product stores, coffee shops and cafés, and ice cream parlours showed the highest increase in net store numbers last year. Lisa Hooker, UK consumer markets leader at PwC, said: \"Shopping budgets remain tight. If you ask consumers what their spending priorities are, they remain food - due to inflation- and their main holiday. \"When they do spend in other areas, consumers are looking for affordable, fun experiences, hence the growing high street presence in areas such as beauty, coffee and tea shops, bookshops and ice cream parlours. Essentially, it is the areas where you can entertain the family at a relatively low cost.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan AmosBBC Science Correspondent This is when warm ocean water likely first got under Pine Island Glacier (PIG) to loosen the secure footing it had enjoyed up until that point. Researchers figured out the timing by dating the sediments beneath the PIG. It puts the glacier’s current changes in their proper historical context, the scientists tell Nature magazine. These changes can now be regarded as unprecedented in thousands of years. Not only is the glacier going backwards, it is also thinning fast - losing more than 2m in elevation every year. Other field studies and computer models suggest a runaway collapse might even be possible. The PIG on its own could add up to 10mm to sea levels over the next couple of decades. \"This glacier used to be pinned to a ridge and once it moved away from that ridge, it started to retreat rapidly; and without other pinning points it could continue to retreat rapidly inland, contributing significantly to global sea level,\" Dr James Smith from the British Antarctic Survey told BBC News. The PIG is a colossal feature that drains a region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet some two-thirds the size of the UK. It is a marine-terminating glacier, which means its front flows off the land and pushes out into the ocean along the seafloor until its mass begins to lift up and float. Eventually, the buoyant section breaks up to form icebergs. Currently, the PIG is dumping many billions of tonnes of ice into the ocean every year. Submersible surveys under its floating front - its \"ice shelf\" - had revealed the contact point with the seabed once draped over a large ridge. Having a \"grounding line\" in such a position would have helped anchor and constrain the whole glacier. Some of the earliest satellite imagery indicated the PIG must have broken free completely of this pinning bump in the 1970s, but when exactly it started to disengage was far less certain. It could have been many decades previously; several centuries or even millennia ago. Now, Dr Smith and colleagues look to have solved this problem. They drilled through the ice shelf to sample, analyse and date the muddy sediments that cover the ridge. And their investigation reveals that warm water is likely to have started to melt a cavity in the grounded glacier behind the pinch point in about the mid-1940s. One of the reasons they can be sure of the timing is because of where plutonium traces start to appear in the sediment layers. This radioisotope is a tell-tale signature for the atomic bomb tests that began in earnest after WWII and which peaked in the 1960s. It leaves open the question of why the unpinning of the PIG occurred when it did, but the team point to the strong warming the region would have experienced following a big El Nino event between 1939 and 1942. El Ninos are associated with the development of particular wind patterns and warm water movements in the Central Pacific, but the impacts affect weather globally. \"It's an amazing teleconnection that far-field changes can really have a profound impact on the Antarctic ice sheet,\" said Dr Smith. Significantly, however, El Nino conditions have waxed and waned over the decades since, but the PIG now continues its relentless retreat. Dr Anna Hogg from Leeds University, UK, monitors Pine Island Glacier on a daily basis using Europe's Cryosat and Sentinel satellites. These spacecraft can measure from orbit the velocity and thickness of the ice stream. She commented: \"We know from satellite observations that the PIG has sped up and retreated episodically since the late 1970s, so it’s interesting to see that the sediments beneath the glacier record similar periods of variability dating back to the 1940s. \"This erratic past behaviour suggests that we should not expect these colossal glaciers to respond in a steady way in the future, making continuous monitoring increasingly important.\" [email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan AmosScience correspondent, BBC News, San Francisco The dedicated polar mission finds the region now to be dumping over 150 cubic km of ice into the sea every year. It equates to a 15% increase in West Antarctica's contribution to global sea level rise. Cryosat was launched in 2010 with a radar specifically designed to measure the shape of ice surfaces. And the instrument's novel design, scientists believe, is enabling the European Space Agency satellite to observe features beyond the capability of previous missions. The new study, presented here in San Francisco to the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting, confirms the usual suspects to be involved in the increased ice loss. They are Pine Island, Thwaites and Smith Glaciers. These major glaciers and their associated tributaries drain the interior of West Antarctica, taking its mass into the Amundsen Sea. The ice near to their grounding lines - the places where the ice streams lift up off the land and begin to float out over the ocean - is now thinning by between four and eight metres per year. \"Interestingly, Smith Glacier is thinning fastest,\" said study leader Dr Malcolm McMillan from the UK's Nerc Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM). \"It's smaller but its thinning rate is roughly double that of Pine Island or Thwaites, which tend to get all the headlines because they have such huge catchments,\" he told BBC News. In a recent major review of all satellite data, scientists concluded that ice losses from West Antarctica pushed up global sea levels by some 0.28mm a year between 2005 and 2010. The new Cryosat data picks up from the end of that period, and suggests the contribution has risen still further. However, the mission's researchers caution that some of the increase may simply be the result of Cryosat's exceptional radar vision. With two antennas slightly offset from each other, the spacecraft's instrument is tuned to sense not just the height of the ice but the shape of its slopes and ridges. This interferometric observing mode, as it is known, makes Cryosat much more sensitive to details at the edges of the ice sheet - the locations where thinning is most pronounced. \"Cryosat's new mode was designed with the express purpose of detecting changes in coastal regions of the polar ice sheets and, although this first glimpse confirms the design is a roaring success, sadly, it reveals also that there has been no let-up in the rate of ice loss from West Antarctica,\" added Prof Andy Shepherd of Leeds University, a co-author on the study. \"Nevertheless, it's important to take care when interpreting these measurements. \"Although some of the changes are due to increased ice thinning, others are related to Cryosat's capacity to observe previously unseen terrain and, of course, three years is a very short period for detecting trends. \"The longer we are able to fly this exceptional mission, the more certain we will be about making comparisons to the past.\" [email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Nick Higgs is jetting off to study the mysterious Osedax worms which eat bones and mainly live off the skeletons of whales deep on the ocean floor. They are just one of a range of creatures that make their home around the carcasses of the giant mammals, in communities known as \"whale falls\". Mr Higgs will join the research trip led by senior scientist Robert Vrijenhoek of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. He will take part in a week-long cruise in which they will survey four whale falls - three artificial and one natural. By studying the worms, scientists hope to learn more about these communities evolved. Whale falls occur when a whale dies in the deep ocean and sinks to the sea floor. Unlike whales that die in shallow waters (less than 200m deep), whose carcasses are quickly devoured by scavengers, the whale carcasses in the deep oceans can provide a feast for a complex community of organisms. Species found around whale falls range from clams and shrimp to larger creatures like octopuses, lobsters and even sharks. Osedax worms were not discovered until 2002 when they were observed living on the bones of a decaying grey whale in Monterey Bay, California. The worms, named after the Latin osedax or \"bone-eating\", are commonly called bone worms or zombie worms because of their strange feeding practices. Even though the worms have no mouth or stomach, they are able to burrow into the solid bone to feed and can eventually destroy an entire whale skeleton, leaving virtually no trace of the fossil record. Nick is particularly interested in how they bore into the bone: \"Because Osedax worms were only discovered a few years ago, there's still an awful lot we don't know about them. \"For example, different species of worm appear to like different parts of the bone, with some staying around the surface and others burrowing deep into the middle. \"I can also use CT scans to generate a 3D image of the bore holes and what they look like from the inside. Armed with this information, I hope to explore fossilized whale bones to see if I can find traces of this bone-eating worm in the fossil record.\" Researchers rarely stumble across natural whale falls so a lot of the communities they study are from whales that have died through beaching, which they then take back out to sea and artificially 'sink'. They will use submersible robots fitted with cameras to observe the communities surrounding the whales and may collect samples to study back in the lab."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It closed in March last year for the £30m redevelopment. Aberdeen Artists Society has exhibited at the venue every year, but members are worried the show will not resume in its usual format. Aberdeen City Council said discussions were ongoing, but that the investment must reflect new opportunities. The £30m project has seen a third of the money provided by the Heritage Lottery Fund, with the city council also committing £10m. The remainder is the focus of fundraising. The redesign of the Schoolhill art gallery building was backed by 27 votes to 15 by the council in 2013."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Council leaders are looking for financial backing from the Scottish government and Scottish Enterprise. A decision on whether to go ahead with the £200m development near the airport is due to be taken in March The project was postponed last year after council officials asked for more time to examine the risks involved Finance convener Willie Young is calling for answers on how it will be funded before the deadline. He told Radio Scotland: \"Scottish Enterprise have been making positive noises with respect to giving us some income. But they haven't come back and said yes we will or no we won't. \"So we need to put the onus back onto the Scottish government and indeed Scottish Enterprise so they can actually make a decision which will allow us to make a decision on behalf of the council tax payers of Aberdeen.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Familiar scenes from the bilingual series, broadcast in Welsh on S4C as Y Gwyll, have been recreated at Aberystwyth University's Old College. The new exhibition includes the police office shared by DCI Tom Mathias, played by Richard Harrington, and Mali Harries' character DI Mared Rhys. Running alongside the exhibition, which runs until 22 December, are workshops. The exhibition will also include a bloody murder scene, props used by the cast and a wall dedicated to a busy investigation noticeboard, including a map showing the areas of Ceredigion which have been used during the BAFTA Cymru award-winning series. Dr Rhodri Llwyd Morgan, Pro Vice-Chancellor at Aberystwyth University, said the exhibition marks the first in a series of exhibitions which form part of an ambitious project to \"bring new life to Old College.\" \"As we prepare to resubmit our funding bid to the Heritage Lottery Fund, we hope it will show the building's potential to be used as a unique exhibition space which will attract both locals and visitors,\" he said. The third series of Hinterland has been filmed and will be broadcast on BBC Wales in early 2017. The Welsh language version Y Gwyll is currently being shown on S4C."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The hospital said there was flooding in the resuscitation and assessment area and ambulances were being diverted. A spokesman said capacity was \"severely affected\" and patients were being asked to use alternatives such their GP or NHS Direct. He said the flooding was caused by a leak from a hot water pipe. No one has been injured, he added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Robert Ritchie, emergency medicine consultant at Medway Maritime Hospital in Gillingham, has written to senior managers, outlining his concerns. His open letter revealed a litany of shortcomings he said was affecting the quality of patient care in A&E. The hospital trust said it was trying to manage pressures that have caused the problems but denied it was unsafe. Mr Ritchie sent his email to senior managers, claiming overcrowding and demands on resources were not only making it dangerous for patients but demoralising for staff. 'Failing our patients' His four-page email included incidents of: And he argued: \"We are failing our patients and not providing a suitable quality of care.\" Medway Maritime deals with 90,000 patients a year in its emergency department and is tackling the twin pressures of increasing demand and financial restrictions. Tracey Crouch, MP for Chatham and Aylesford, told the BBC: \"The A&E department was built to take 50,000 patients per annum and it's actually now taking 90,000. 'Not daily occurrences' \"So clearly the A&E department is perhaps not fit for purpose in that sense, but then that requires investment, and investment comes from central government.\" Dr Gray Smith-Laing, the trust's medical director, said the pressures that had caused the crises outlined by Mr Ritchie were not peculiar to his hospital. He said: \"What Mr Ritchie is describing is a situation which is faced by all departments across the country, which are overburdened and very busy. \"I think I recognise all the incidents that he describes there, but these are not daily occurrences. \"When they do occur, we investigate them and we try and learn lessons to make sure that they don't happen in the future.\" But he denied the emergency department was unsafe, although he admitted the problems were \"not going to be solved in the immediate future\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Wednesday's incident was dealt with by the Caithness site's fire crew. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency said the fire had broken out within Dounreay's equipment maintenance and decontamination facility. It said that at this stage there was no evidence of contamination being released into the environment."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A US study revealed that optimists are more likely to live longer than those who have a more negative look on life. The theory goes that optimists may find it easier to control their emotions which protects them from the adverse effects of stress. Researchers in the US also suggested that pessimists could benefit if they thought about a future where everything turns out well. We have been finding out how some of you stay positive and what tips you might have for pessimists. 'Don't linger on negativity' The expression \"the grass is always greener on the other side\" does not necessarily ring true for Tania Guarda, from Lisbon in Portugal. \"Everyone has problems. I try to enjoy and love my life for what it is. I truly cherish what I've got - good health, family, a loving partner and a job I enjoy.\" To avoid anxiety, Tania tries to imagine herself sorting out her problems and focusing on how she will feel afterwards. She also does not linger on the negativity of others, adding: \"I don't let negative personal comments get to me.\" 'A sense of humour' Vicki Siska, from Colorado, has been through some stressful times but has managed to remain optimistic. \"Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps things in perspective, and I have good friends who love and care for me,\" she said. Humour also helped Pippa Kennedy, from Hertfordshire, stay positive. She watched box sets of the BBC TV series Dad's Army to help her get through a bad break-up. \"I also think being grateful for what you have - and lots of chocolate - helps,\" she added. You might also like: 'Praise yourself' Susanna Chapman, from Liverpool, told the BBC she tries to praise herself for the smallest possible thing. \"I took the trash out, that was so brilliant, so thoughtful of me,\" she tells herself. Susanna also tries to turn her negatives into positives. \"Instead of thinking, 'oh no, I stayed up all night watching YouTube', I can think 'it's great that I watched those funny videos, laughter is good for my health'.\" 'Laugh at your misery' \"In Dutch we have a saying \"geen groter vermaak dan leedvermaak\" meaning \"no bigger pleasure than malicious pleasure\", Ad de Leuuw, from Breda, the Netherlands says. But the most important tip from his Dad was to learn to laugh at your own misery, which Ad does and says his life is \"one big party\". 'Have plenty of hobbies' Sue Oakley Dunn, in Kidsgrove, Staffordshire, says she remains positive and healthy because she does \"what makes my soul sing\". She also puts her positivity down to having plenty of hobbies and fresh air. \"It works for me,\" says Sue who also avoids \"scaremongering stories about the sun and alcohol\". 'Keep fit and healthy' As well as the benefits of friendship and laughter, Robyn Black, who does yoga and meditation, recommends staying fit and healthy. \"Be grateful, make lists and tick stuff off, keep mentally engaged with things that interest you,\" she says. Compiled by Sherie Ryder BBC News UGC hub"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Emma ThelwellBBC News More than a third of girls aged 10 to 15 years old are unhappy with their appearance and a quarter are unhappy with their lives, a new report from the Children's Society's has found. While boys' sense of happiness remained stable, girls' happiness has plunged. So why are girls suffering from low self-esteem and what can we do to make them feel better about themselves? What advice would you give a younger you? Life is 'posted and public' Nicky Hutchinson, a body image expert who works with schools, said she was surprised that the statistics weren't worse. \"It's just this generation,\" she said, \"you have to promote yourself all the time, it's a PR job.\" While people have always been interested in celebrity culture, today's celebrity world is \"extreme\" she said, pointing to celebrities who advertise their lives on social media or reality TV. \"There's this fake world that they've all created - taking 100 selfies just to get the one good one.\" \"What's new is that you have to post to everyone - in the past people wouldn't know what party you'd been to but now it's all posted and public - your social life. It's real misery for teenagers.\" Social media encourages people to present a personal brand from a young age, and to seek reassurance in the form of likes and shares. This amounts to \"enormous pressure\" on girls, says Nick Harrop from the charity YoungMinds. Praise character Therapist and agony aunt Emma Kenny said: \"We edit our lives constantly on social media but also we have to look at the deeper-rooted issue - which is the fact that young girls know from a very early age that they are judged on their appearance.\" Girls need to know the facts about Photoshopping, that celebrities are being \"airbrushed to their very core\" and they need to question the images they are seeing. Ms Hutchinson said girls are relieved when they discover the facts. She said: \"Question advertisements and photos and how real they are. Looking at the stars on the red carpet - ask [girls] how long they thought it took them to get ready.\" Having honest images in the house and encouraging conversations about women's aspirations can help dispel the \"myth of celebrity\", said Mrs Kenny. She said Photoshopped images are \"creating foundations on sand because your looks don't last and actually they're not aspirational\". Ms Hutchinson said: \"Parents should tell their daughters about the other parts of them that they appreciate - their sense of humour, or how brave they are. \"It's about letting them know about the good bits about them that are not about how they look.\" Ms Hutchinson urges parents to concentrate on girls' qualities and individuality rather than focusing on their appearance - and it is worth starting from a young age. \"I've seen girls aged eight, nine or 10 saying their thighs are too big - it's not just teenagers. Start before they are feeling the pressure of being a teenager,\" she said. Girls can learn from a really young age that legs are for running and arms are for lifting, she added, \"bodies are for use - and are not ornaments\". Limit time online Social media is here to stay and it can be a force for good - so there's no point banning it. But Mrs Kenny says your child will be much happier if you \"limit it rigorously\". Girls are spending a lot more time on social media than boys, according to Lucy Capron from the Children's Society: \"Up to three hours a night in some cases.\" Psychologist Lucy Beresford suggests introducing a family protocol. Limit time spent on social media, make it a rule that homework has to be done before spending time online, or ban it during mealtimes or on Sunday mornings. Keep phone chargers out of bedrooms so devices can't be used at night. \"Make it a treat and not a constant\", Ms Beresford said. Role models Ms Beresford said the pressure to be perfect doesn't just come from social media. She said parents must monitor their own behaviour. \"We pick up our way of operating from our family - for example, if you're always going on about your weight - be very careful,\" she said. What you say around the dinner table, the messages you send out about your daughter's life and your own life are very important, Ms Beresford said. She added: \"We think we are being kind when we say girls can have it all, but girls can feel a bit scared by that.\" Talk to girls about all the options - even if your answer \"ends up being three times as long\". Small talk Being open for conversation is key - and you can start with the small stuff. Ms Beresford said: \"They need to have proper conversations with you. Have conversations about random stuff - the latest on Justin Beiber, anything, and the serious stuff will follow.\" She said people need to be open and available for conversations, no matter how busy or important you are. YoungMinds' Nick Harrop said parents should take it seriously if their child is consistently anxious, unhappy, angry or withdrawn. He said: \"Let them know you're concerned about them and are there if they need you. \"Try to talk to them openly, without judging them or rushing to tell them what to do - and if they don't want to talk, try contacting them through text or email.\" Above all, make sure you get help if you need it - talk to friends, family, your GP, the school, or helplines such as those run by the NSPCC and YoungMinds."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"For much of my life sub-Sahara Africa was a byword for military coups, disasters, famines and a host of negative news stories about hopes and aspirations squandered. So it has not only been a great relief but a joy to see the pendulum swing the other way as Afro-pessimism has turned into Afro-optimism over the last decade. I should be jumping for joy with each new set of figures that is published extolling the continent's great leaps and successes. But alas it is that constant flow of good news that has been worrying me of late. Although each day brings new data showing rising income levels, a reduction in poverty, improved numbers of children in education and so forth, I have for some time had a fear that this new euphoria was crowding out what is still the reality for many if not most Africans. I have discussed my unease with several people and even tried to raise the topic at several forums, but the general response has been to brush my concerns aside. Instead I have been urged to join in the celebrations, after all, some say, we may never see the continent portrayed in such glowing terms again. I was in the Moroccan city of Marrakech recently to attend the annual meeting of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the continent's biggest development financial institution. 'Diaspora returning' As I settled down to listen to the opening ceremony speeches, I had no reason to believe I would be listening to anything but another roll-call of achievements. But then AfDB President Donald Kaberuka took to the stage. Having sat through many a speech, it is not often that one makes my head turn. This was different. Here was someone speaking to the very concerns and fears I have had as he reviewed the state of the continent. Of course, there was much to celebrate, including impressive growth figures that saw Africa's average annual income cross the $1,000 (£640) mark; life expectancy up from 40 to 60 years of age; more children in school than at any time in history; seven out of 10 Africans own a mobile and four-fifths of the continent's people live in countries where there is peace, stability and strong economic growth. What is more - Africa's young talent in the diaspora is returning in large numbers. But there is, to quote him directly, \"a painful reality which demands our undivided attention\". He went on to mention that although the economies are growing, the rate of growth is still lower than needed, given that the population is also rising. We have booming cities, skyscrapers, but also millions of destitute people eking out a living in teeming slums and shanty towns. He also spoke of a growing middle class yet peasants are still using hoes. But even more sobering, he noted, was that 52 million children were out of primary and secondary school. Reality checks do not come starker than this. And I for one was heartened that a leader of one of the continent's biggest institutions was urging us to halt the celebration parties. Much of Africa's recent growth has been powered by the extraction and sales of natural resources. As we walked out of the closing ceremony, a Kenyan friend turned to me and said: \"The way we have been boasting, you would think we are now Australia or Canada and yet these two giants just get on with it.\" In 2010 alone, forests, minerals metals, and energy generated 11.5% of the country's gross domestic product, or 142.5bn Canadian dollars ($139.8bn, £89.7bn), and directly employed more than 700,000 people. The figures from Australia are just as impressive. While we must be proud and celebrate the recent gains and achievements in Africa, particularly as they have been a long time coming, it is too soon to dwell on these gains when there is still so much to do just to get the basics to our fellow citizens. There is no doubt this is Africa's hour and there is no turning back, but it would be good if the party invitation could be extended to all citizens. If you would like to comment on Joel Kibazo's latest column, please use the form below."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Amber Peat's body was found in bushes after she went missing in May 2015. Her form tutor Rebecca Beard told the hearing Amber said she had to carry her belongings in a carrier bag as a punishment for bad behaviour. She emailed her concerns to staff at Queen Elizabeth's School. Nottingham Coroner's Court heard Amber had moved to the school in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, in July 2014. Ms Beard said she became concerned for Amber's welfare after she came in \"devastated\" while wearing baggy grey jogging bottoms instead of normal school trousers one day in March 2015. \"The other children in the classroom thought that she had actually wet herself, because it was so unusual that someone would be wearing something like that,\" she said. The inquest heard Amber told her teacher she was forced to wear them by her stepfather Daniel Peat, and that she had been punished for bad behaviour over the weekend. Ms Beard said Amber told her she was woken up in the night to finish chores she was told she had not completed, and was not allowed to go to bed until 01:30 after being made to clean the floor for an hour. She said this was \"obviously of concern\", and when Amber later came in with a plastic bag carrying belongings instead of her normal schoolbag, she was told it was another punishment. Ms Beard sent an email on 16 March 2015 to the school's safeguarding staff saying she was concerned Amber was \"being emotionally abused\" at home. The email also highlighted other worries, such as Amber being \"always hungry\", losing weight and wearing school trousers she had outgrown. Following the email Karen Green, vice principal at Queen Elizabeth's at the time, said she asked Amber's key worker Sharon Clay to contact the Nottinghamshire multi-agency safeguarding hub (MASH). A transcript of the call read in court recorded Ms Clay being advised to contact Amber's mother Kelly about her daughter's account, and if there were any concerns to get back in touch regarding a potential referral. Ms Clay - who told the court she had a good working relationship with both Amber and her family - said she was \"quite uncomfortable\" with contacting Kelly over her daughter's disclosure, and though the mother's account differed from Amber's, she did not get back in touch with MASH. The inquest continues. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, or on Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Caroline LowbridgeBBC News Shannon Clifton, who miscarried after being kicked in the stomach, suspects her father buried the baby and wants police to dig up their old garden. Shane Clifton is already in prison for raping his daughter, who gave birth to another child by him when she was 14. Derbyshire Police told the BBC it had spoken to Shannon, who is now 19, and was making \"further inquiries\". \"He basically beat me to the point where I didn't have a baby inside me anymore,\" said Shannon. She was 11 when her father first made her pregnant and believes he may have buried the foetus because a neighbour reported him digging a hole in the garden of their home in Chaddesden, Derby. \"I lost my baby and I almost died myself,\" she said. \"He didn't want the baby. In his eyes he was lucky he had got rid of it and he could carry on with the life he was living and what he was doing to me.\" Shannon is now rebuilding her life, having written a book about her experiences and started a degree in forensic psychology. However, she said she was worried what her dad would do to her when he got out of prison, and hoped he would be jailed for longer if he was prosecuted for more offences. \"My dad had tried pretty much murdering me a number of times,\" she said. \"What's going to stop him from hurting me again, and this time maybe doing worse than what he did before?\" He has already had convictions for violence, including being jailed for more than two years for attacking a woman. He dragged his victim to the ground by her hair, kicked her repeatedly in the head and then stamped on her head while she was unconscious. He attacked her again after being released. Why was Shannon's father jailed? Shannon gave birth to a boy in October 2014 and DNA tests proved the father was her own dad. Shane Clifton, then 32, pleaded guilty to raping her from the ages of 10 to 14 at Derby Crown Court in March 2015. He was given a life sentence with a minimum term of 15 years but this was amended to 10 years as the judge gave him credit for pleading guilty. Clifton then tried to appeal against his sentence to get it reduced even further but the appeal was refused in November 2015. What else does Shannon want him prosecuted for? Shannon said her father made her pregnant three times in total, the first time when she was 11 and lost the baby at about 28 weeks when he assaulted her. She says her father intentionally killed the foetus and while he could not legally be charged with murder under English law as the baby had not been born, he could potentially be charged with child destruction. The second time was when she was 12 and had a miscarriage. On the third occasion Shannon was 13 when she became pregnant and gave birth to a boy after she turned 14. She looked after her son for a while but has since had him adopted because she wanted him to have a better life. Shannon said her father came close to killing her several times and she would like him prosecuted for his violent attacks on her and for further rapes, which she said started when she was just six years old. \"My dad took my childhood away and even though he's not here now he still ruins my life,\" she said. \"It affects you for a lifetime. You might get counselling, you might get the help that you need to move on from it but you don't ever forget it and you don't completely move on from what's happened in your life. It's still always there.\" Derbyshire Police said in a statement: \"Specialist officers from the force's public protection team have spoken with Miss Clifton and further enquiries are now taking place.\" Anyone with information can contact police on 101. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Derbyshire Police"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Emma WilkinsonHealth reporter, BBC News They come a fortnight after the bodies of Charlotte Bevan, 30, and her four-day-old daughter Zaani were found in the Avon Gorge after they went missing from a maternity hospital in Bristol. NICE hopes its advice will help NHS staff identify mental health problems. A fifth of women have depression or anxiety in the year after giving birth. Ms Bevan is believed to have suffered from schizophrenia and depression and had been sleep-deprived after giving birth. A review into the circumstances that led to her disappearance is being carried out by University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust. NICE said the impact on families of mental health problems during and after pregnancy can be long-lasting. As well as anxiety and depression, there is an increased risk of psychosis in the weeks after giving birth and others may experience obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, tokophobia (an extreme fear of childbirth) and eating disorders. NICE said that although such problems responded well to treatment, they frequently went unrecognised and untreated. Under its recommendations, which update the last advice given in 2007: Prof Mark Baker, NICE Centre for Clinical Practice director, said: \"Giving women the right treatment at the right time can have a profound effect - not just for the mother, but her family too. \"The effect of getting this right can last for years.\" Expert groups strongly welcomed the guidelines but warned of a dire national shortage of specialist perinatal mental health services. A recent NCT survey of 186 Clinical Commissioning Groups in England found \"huge gaps\" with only 3% reporting they had a perinatal mental health strategy. Royal College of Midwives chief executive Cathy Warwick said: \"We desperately need more midwives and maternity support workers to work with these hard-to-reach and vulnerable women.\" Dr Liz MacDonald, who chairs the Royal College of Psychiatrists' perinatal faculty, agreed there was \"gross inequality\" in access to perinatal mental health services \"which is putting the wellbeing of thousands of mothers, infants and families in jeopardy\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Controllers who are members of the Prospect union are seeking an improved pay deal from their employer, Highlands and Islands Airport Limited (Hial). Industrial action by the Prospect members is due to start in April and continue through the summer. Prospect and Hial have agreed to seek the support of Acas. Representatives from the union and airports company have met three times since the result of a ballot on strike action. Seven of Hial's 11 airports would be affected by industrial action. They are Benbecula, Dundee, Inverness, Kirkwall, Stornoway, Sumburgh and Wick John O'Groats. Hial said: \"At this point, it has not been possible to reach an agreement with the trade union on their pay dispute. \"Therefore, Hial and Prospect have agreed to refer the matter to Acas in a bid to resolve the matter.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Prospect union members and the Scottish government-owned airports operator have been in a long-running dispute over pay. The controllers are continuing a work-to-rule and no further strike action has been proposed at this stage. Hial said it was disappointed by the controllers' decision. Further discussions are planned. A work-to-rule has been in place since April. In July, the travel plans of thousands of passengers were disrupted by 24-hour strikes at Inverness, Sumburgh, Kirkwall, Dundee, Stornoway and Benbecula airports. The six airports were also closed by a strike in May."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The struggling plane and train maker said 2,500 workers will go in Quebec and another 500 in Ontario. A spokesman said there were no details yet on where the remaining jobs would be lost over the next 12 to 18 months. Bombardier employs 70,000 people, including 4,000 at four locations in Northern Ireland, mainly in Belfast. It also makes trains in Derby in the East Midlands, employing 1,600 there. Bombardier in Derby said there were no indications yet that the job cuts would have a significant impact in the city. A Bombardier UK spokesperson said: \"We will take the necessary time to evaluate what this means for our Aerostructures and Engineering Services business. We will communicate with our employees in more detail over the coming weeks.\" The GMB union, which represents Bombardier workers, said it was demanding answers from the company. Michael Mulholland, a GMB regional organiser, said: \"Bombardier jobs are crucial to Belfast's economy and GMB will fight tooth and nail to save them.\" Unite regional secretary Susan Fitzgerald feared Belfast workers would be affected. \"We're now preparing for them to make further announcements about how they see that having an impact on workers in Northern Ireland,\" she told the BBC. The firm will also sell its Q Series aircraft programme for $900m (£687m) and the de Havilland trademark for $300m. \"We have set in motion the next round of actions necessary to unleash the full potential of the Bombardier portfolio,\" said chief executive Alain Bellemare. Earlier this year, Bombardier sold a majority stake in its loss-making C-Series aircraft to Europe's Airbus, with the plane being renamed the A220. The announcement came as Bombardier unveiled its third-quarter results, in which pre-tax profits doubled to $267m for the three months to September compared with the same period last year. Sales were down 5% to $3.6bn, but revenue is expected to jump 10% to at least $18bn next year. Mr Bellemare was brought in three years ago to shore up Bombardier, which was facing serious financial trouble with the C Series programme and had to be rescued by the Quebec government with a $1bn bailout."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Star of David, a Jewish symbol, and \"911\" were spray-painted in Hampstead and Belsize Park, possibly referencing a conspiracy theory. South Hampstead Synagogue was among the premises targeted, with reports made to police from 23:30 GMT on Saturday. Police are treating it as a racially motivated hate crime. The graffiti could reference an anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Jews are responsible for the 9/11 terror attack. It could also reference Kristallnacht, an organised nationwide attack on Jews which began in Germany on 9 November 1938. The vandalism was carried out six days after the start of Hanukkah - one of the biggest festivals of the year for Jewish people. No arrests have been made. Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said on Twitter: \"This makes me sick to my stomach\" adding that \"anti-Semitism like this\" had \"no place anywhere and certainly not in London\". He also said that residents could expect more police patrols in the area. A South Hampstead Synagogue spokesman said: \"This is a time for people of all backgrounds - of all faiths and of none - to stand united and show our determination that we do not tolerate prejudice, hate and division - on our streets or online.\" MP for Hampstead and Kilburn Tulip Siddiq, MP for Holborn and St Pancras Keir Starmer and Camden Council leader Georgia Gould released a joint statement, which read: \"Camden is and always will be no place for hate. \"We stand together with all of our Jewish residents and our whole community in saying these cowardly pedlars of hate do not represent Camden and our values. \"We are proud to have a strong, vibrant Jewish community as part of our beautiful borough. \"This is not an isolated incident and we must all confront the rising tide of hate crime and anti-Semitism in the UK. \"Now is the moment to find the courage to confront hatred and prejudice wherever we see it.\" Camden street cleaning teams are removing the graffiti \"as quickly and sensitively as possible,\" they added. Conservative councillor for Hampstead Oliver Cooper said he spent Sunday morning patrolling the neighbourhood after \"appalled\" residents alerted the Community Security Trust charity, which works to protect the Jewish community. Mr Cooper said: \"My first reaction was shock and horror. \"I've had to report anti-Semitic graffiti in Hampstead a number of times before, including by a banned neo-Nazi group, but I have never seen anything approaching this extent.\" Mr Cooper said he came across the graffiti in nine places, and others also posted photographs of the markings on Twitter. Ms Siddiq described the vandalism as \"unbelievable, senseless, disgusting anti-Semitism at the heart of our community\". Insp Kev Hailes, of the Met, said: \"This is clearly a concerning incident and one we are taking seriously. \"We have liaised with our partners in order to remove the graffiti and various inquiries are under way to find who is responsible. \"Officers will be on patrol throughout the area in order to provide some reassurance to local communities.\" The graffiti was seen being removed from shop windows on Sunday afternoon."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The vandalism, which has been removed, was also on the pavement, a picnic table and a climbing frame in New Road park in Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Town councillor Sharone Parnes, who alerted police, said community members were \"really shocked\". He criticised Woodstock Town Council, which he said had \"not condemned\" the graffiti immediately. Warning: This story contains an offensive image The council and the mayor, Mathew Parkinson, have been contacted for comment. Mr Parnes said he submitted a question at a recent council meeting requesting the mayor to \"speak out\" and condemn the vandalism. \"It's disappointing that the council could not take a position and just say it's wrong. It seems straight forward,\" he said. \"It's quite hurtful.\" Mr Parnes said he thought the symbols had been there \"three or four days\" before being removed. \"At a playground you don't want to expose [children] to things like that,\" he said. Oxford Stand Up To Racism said it was \"shocking\" there were \"people in the area willing to spread such hate\". Pat Carmody, from the group, said: \"There is a rising tide of racism and such graffiti is an attempt to intimidate Black and Asian people in our community. \"We need unity against racists and fascists. We need to send a message to those spreading racist and fascist poison that they are not welcome.\" The graffiti was not far from Blenheim Palace, the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill, where life-size silhouettes of 200 soldiers have been set up to mark Remembrance Sunday."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police are investigating a series of posts on the grime artist's social media accounts. He has been temporarily banned from both Twitter and Instagram. Priti Patel said the posts were anti-Semitic and \"abhorrent\". \"Social media companies must act much faster to remove such appalling hatred from their platforms,\" she said. Wiley, 41, known as the \"godfather of grime\", shared conspiracy theories and insulted Jewish people on his Instagram and Twitter accounts, which together have more than 940,000 followers. Twitter removed some of Wiley's tweets with a note saying they violated its rules - but other tweets were still visible 12 hours after being posted. It later said Wiley's account had been locked for seven days. Facebook - which owns Instagram - said on Sunday that the platform had also blocked the rapper from his account for seven days, and that there was \"no place for hate speech on Instagram\". But Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said the steps taken by Twitter and Instagram were not enough. In a letter to bosses of the two social media firms, he said that when the material was published on their platforms, \"the response - its removal and the banning of those responsible - should be immediate. \"It takes minutes for content shared on your platform to reach an audience of millions. When someone influential shares hate speech, in that time it may have an impact on the views of many who look up to them.\" Mr Khan said it was \"particularly disheartening\" when social media had played a \"positive role in amplifying the vital voices\" of the Black Lives Matter movement recently. Wiley's series of posts began on Friday night and his manager John Woolf's initial response was that, having known the artist for 12 years, \"he does not truly feel this way\". But on Saturday, Mr Woolf said he had \"cut all ties\" with the London-born rapper and that there was \"no place in society for anti-Semitism\". Wiley first entered the UK singles charts with Wearing My Rolex in 2008. His subsequent hits include Heatwave in 2012 and Boasty in 2019, a collaboration with rappers Stefflon Don and Sean Paul and actor Idris Elba."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The £42m MV Loch Seaforth made its first passenger sailing last month but is still in a \"test period\" and not fully in service. Thursday's fault took five hours to fix and the ferry was cleared again for sailings. Another ferry, the Isle of Lewis, took the passengers involved. Bad weather has led the cancellations of Friday sailings on the Stornoway-Ullapool route and other services on Scotland's west coast. Ferry operator Caledonian MacBrayne said withdrawing the Loch Seaforth had been an operational decision and the fault would not have prevented the ship from sailing. A spokesman said: \"Yesterday evening an issue arose with an engine room ventilation fan which required attention and an operational decision was taken to remove her from the route while it was fixed. \"While passengers were delayed, and we regret any inconvenience to them, no-one was stranded.\" A spokesman added: \"This was not a major issue but it required around five hours of work as the fan was in a difficult to reach location.\" Related Internet Links Caledonian MacBrayne Clyde & Hebridean Ferries"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Condor Ferries chief executive James Fulford said nine lube oil pumps had gone wrong in the past 10 weeks. He said all of the four engines on the firm's three fast ferries had one, but they had nearly finished replacing them all with pumps of their own design. Mr Fulford said they were talking to their supplier about compensation and had not ruled out taking legal action. He said he was \"deeply disappointed\" by the situation and the impact it had on passengers. Mr Fulford said it had caused the ferries to run slowly, such as the Condor Rapide on the St Malo route over the weekend - which ran at 25 knots rather than the usual 35 knots. He said the company had already spent £10m on servicing its three high speed ferries this year. The company has rescheduled its sailings between the islands and St Malo on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday because of problems with the gear box in one of Condor Rapide's engines, which means it can only operate on three engines."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Shell's Brent Charlie, 115 miles (185km) off Shetland, was undergoing maintenance on Tuesday evening. With weather warnings in place for the rest of the week, a coastguard helicopter helped transfer 135 people to the Brent Alpha and Bravo platforms. A yellow weather warning for wind was in place in the Scottish Borders, Highlands and northern isles. A Shell spokesman said on Thursday: \"We lost power supply on the Brent Charlie platform. \"Working with the coastguard we removed all non-essential personnel to nearby platforms. Power has been restored and personnel will be returned at the earliest opportunity. \"Safety and the welfare of our workforce is our number one priority.\" Meanwhile a series of yellow warnings for rain have been in place across large parts of Scotland. The latest is in force in southern and central areas until 14:00. Coastal roads on the Isle of Arran were left inaccessible on Wednesday due to strong winds and high tides. Queues of traffic were seen on the road south of Corrie while water on some stretches was reported as knee deep. The Met office warned commuters should expect some delays to public transport and delays for high-sided vehicles on exposed routes and bridges. Short term loss of power and other services is possible. Diana is not on the list of the Met Office's official storm names for this winter, and originated further south. Met Office spokesman Richard Miles said the storm, named by the Portuguese authorities, \"had quite an impact on islands in the Atlantic\", but had weakened as it travelled towards the UK. He explained: \"By the time it got to us it would not meet the criteria for us to name it.\" The last Met Office named storm was Callum, which battered parts of the UK in mid-October. The next name to be used will be Deirdre."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"William Hewitt, of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford Town Council, said he hoped protesters \"suffered a painful death\" from Covid-19. A separate tweet about TV celebrity Amanda Holden will also be looked at. Mr Hewitt said he was \"incensed\" when he sent the messages on Twitter as he had seen \"members of my family suffer from the effects of Covid-19\". He criticised Black Lives Matters protesters for breaching social distancing guidelines, calling them \"scum\" and \"mindless thugs\" in one tweet. The Local Democracy Reporting Service said he then tweeted an offensive comment hoping they \"suffered a painful death\". Another message had read: \"I really hope that everyone of them gets riddled with Covid-19.\" In a reply on the social media platform to Britain's Got Talent judge Amanda Holden, he offered his assistance if she needed help looking for something in her cleavage. A complaint was made about the tweets to Milton Keynes Council, which looks into alleged breaches of professional conduct by councillors throughout the town. In his submission to the authority, reproduced in council papers, Labour town councillor Ed Hume said the messages were disrespectful. In a written submission, Mr Hewitt said: \"I personally had members of my family suffer from the effects of Covid-19. \"Thankfully they didn't pay the ultimate price, but still suffered with the disease, to the extent that my uncle was admitted to Papworth Hospital due to Covid-19.\" He added that after seeing the \"amazing work\" of the NHS and then seeing protests around the world \"with people of all races ignoring social distancing, putting all the effort made by people furloughing, to waste, yes I was incensed\". The committee agreed to launch an investigation into whether he had breached the town council's code of conduct. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Nicola Sturgeon, Ruth Davidson and Kezia Dugdale said they had received death and rape threats on the social media platform. They are supporting an Amnesty International campaign which claims Twitter has become toxic for women. Twitter says it disagrees with the human rights group's conclusions. The company said it \"cannot delete hatred and prejudice from society\", and explained it had made more than 30 changes to its platform in the past 16 months to improve safety, including increasing the instances of action it takes on abusive tweets. Amnesty's #ToxicTwitter campaign has been launched as Twitter celebrates the 12th anniversary of the first tweet being sent. It includes a report, compiled from interviews with more than 80 women, which details the shocking nature of violence and abuse they are receiving on Twitter, including death threats, rape threats and racist, transphobic and homophobic abuse. Amnesty said public figures, MSPs, MPs and journalists are often particular targets. But people who are not in the public eye also experience abuse, especially if they speak out about issues such as sexism and use campaign hashtags. 'Goes unchecked' The charity's Scottish director, Kate Nevens, said Twitter had originally been a \"vital source of news\" but had now descended into a place where women receive threats of rape, extreme violence, and even death as well as abuse related to their gender, ethnicity or sexual orientation. She added: \"Our video interviews with Scottish political leaders and activists illustrate just how toxic some of the abuse they receive is - abuse which largely goes unchecked. \"In the last year, we have seen a wave of online solidarity and activism from women and men around the world - much of it powered by social media platforms such as Twitter but the impact of the #MeToo or #TimesUp movements will be limited if women fear speaking out in the wake of abuse.\" Here's what Ms Sturgeon, Ms Davidson and Ms Dugdale had to say about their own experiences. Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister Ms Sturgeon, a regular user of Twitter, says she believes social media has increased political engagement and has largely been a force for good overall. But she said it had also given people who want to hurl abuse a means of doing so that they had never had in the past. She said there was undoubtedly a gender element to the abuse women in politics receive, ranging from abuse about how they look and what they wear to threats of violence. The first minister said: \"If there are any comments about any politician that cross that line and become not just abusive but threatening or sexist, racist, homophobic, then I think it is appropriate to take action. \"What makes me angry when I read that kind of abuse about me is I worry it is putting the next generation of young women off politics. \"So I feel a responsibility to challenge it not so much on my own behalf, but on behalf of young women out there who are looking at what people say about me and thinking they don't want to ever be in that position.\" Ruth Davidson, Scottish Conservative leader Ms Davidson said the sheer volume of abuse can sometimes make her feel \"hunted\" online. She added: \"Because I'm openly gay there was a lot of homophobic abuse. I have a lot of young gay followers on my Twitter, and for me it's important to call that out.\" Ms Davidson said it was important for people to see that the use of that kind of language is unacceptable, and that \"you don't have to take it\". She said: \"Just because you're saying something on a keyboard and not to someone's face doesn't mean it doesn't matter - it does and it can have a huge impact on people.\" Kezia Dugdale, former Scottish Labour leader Ms Dugdale said she has reported three online death threats to police in previous years, including one post which said she should be \"bayoneted\". But she said female politicians were also subjected to \"daft wee lassie complex\" - suggestions that they don't know what they're talking about because they are too young and too female to really understand what is going on. Ms Dugdale said: \"First thing I do when I wake up in the morning is look at Twitter and it's more often than not the last thing I do before I go to sleep because it's the best means by which to consume breaking news, political commentary, and to see what people that you follow think of those events. \"You have to tune into that to find out what's happening or you'll find yourself out of touch with the news very quickly. \"If I were to show you my Twitter mention column just now, 90% of it would be abuse. I have to look at that every time to scroll through the good stuff trying to find those people who are genuinely trying to engage on an issue or ask a question about the substance on something you've raised in the Scottish Parliament.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Nick BryantBBC News, Sydney His gripe of the day - that at a gathering of South Pacific leaders, the government of Prime Minister Julia Gillard had offered $320m ($336m;£206m) in aid to \"expand women's leadership and economic and social opportunities in the region\". Mr Jones, who has built a reputation and a loyal radio following on his bullying outspokenness, quoted Julia Gillard as saying that \"societies only reach their full potential if women are politically participating\". He, however, took a wholly different view. \"Women are destroying the joint,\" he told his listeners, citing a female former police commissioner in Victoria, Sydney Mayor Clover Moore and the Australia prime minister herself. Not long after, social media delivered its verdict. \"Got time on my hands tonight,\" tweeted Jane Caro, an advertising executive and social commentator, \"so thought I'd spend it coming up with new ways of 'destroying the joint', being a woman and all. Ideas welcome.\" Next came the hashtag #destroythejoint, which was the invention of Jill Tomlinson, a surgeon in Newcastle, New South Wales. \"Bored by Alan Jones' comments on women destroying Australia?\" she tweeted. \"Join with @JaneCaro and suggest ways that women #destroy the joint.\" Next came a Facebook page, Destroy the Joint, which now has more than 22,000 \"likes\". Jenna Price, a media academic in Sydney, was among the women who set it up. \"It came from a sense of 'I can't believe that in the 21st Century a man is saying that kind of thing about women as a whole.' We needed sexism to stop right now.\" 'Juliar' Mr Jones made headlines again in late September, when it emerged that he had told a dinner of Young Liberals in Sydney that Julia Gillard's recently deceased father had \"died of shame\". At the dinner, a jacket made out of a hessian sack was also auctioned, a play on Mr Jones's much-criticised statement that the prime minister should be put in a \"chaff bag\" and dropped out at sea. The Destroy the Joint campaign responded instantly. So strong was the social media pressure on advertisers on Jones's radio network, 2GB, that many withdrew their sponsorship. Mercedes-Benz took back his loan car. \"We were putting feminism on the front page of every newspaper,\" says Jenna Price. \"What we are talking about is how women are treated.\" The journalist and author Anne Summers was driving from Sydney to Newcastle when she saw Alan Jones's original \"Destroy the Joint\" remarks being quoted on Twitter. She was due that afternoon to deliver a lecture at the University of Newcastle, which ordinarily would probably have received little attention. But now her address entitled Her Rights at Work: The Political Persecution of Australia's First Female Prime Minister seemed perfectly timed. It detailed the insults and slights against Julia Gillard since she took up the post in 2010. There was the use of the phrase \"Juliar,\" which was also popularised, and perhaps also coined, by Alan Jones - male prime ministers had not been called \"liars\", claimed Ms Summers. Placards had been held aloft at anti-carbon tax rallies saying \"Ditch the Witch\". Press reports regularly described the prime minister as \"Julia\", whereas John Howard and Paul Keating would rarely be referred to by their Christian names. The internet was also littered with obscene and derogatory comments and pornographic imagery. Some of the most offensive came from Larry Pickering, a right-wing cartoonist, who always depicted Gillard naked, wearing a strap-on penis. After Ms Summers posted the lecture on her website, it took off. It has now received more than 110,000 views. \"We had thought it enough to break down barriers and change laws and that everything would follow,\" says Anne Summers. \"But this wasn't the case. There's still a lot of resistance to females in positions of power. Alan Jones exemplifies the hatred. It's taken a woman prime minister to reveal how bad things are.\" 'Not now, not ever' The Destroy the Joint campaign and the Summers lecture helped create the milieu for what became the most talked-about political event of the year. During the 2010 federal election campaign, some of Julia Gillard's advisers had urged her to attack the conservative opposition leader Tony Abbott over sexist comments that he had made over the years. She refrained, according to advisers, because she feared that Liberals would retaliate with accusations that she was involved in a union scandal in the 1990s. Now, though, she decided to attack - although the context, paradoxically, was the defence of Speaker of the House Peter Slipper, who had been found to have sent a puerile text message describing the female anatomy. \"I will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man,\" said the prime minister, pointing at Mr Abbott. \"I will not. And the government will not be lectured about sexism and misogyny by this man. Not now, not ever.\" Then she detailed a series of what she said were sexist remarks. \"What the housewives of Australia need to understand as they do the ironing…\" he had said, when campaigning against the government's carbon tax. \"Thank you for that painting of women's roles in modern Australia,\" said Ms Gillard, derisively. Ms Gillard's 15 minutes of invective brought her more than 15 minutes of global fame. Over the next 24 hours, the speech became a viral sensation, drawing admiring editorials in publications ranging from The Guardian to The Spectator, from the Daily Telegraph to the Daily Beast, from New Yorker to the feminist website Jezebel, which described Ms Gillard as \"one badass mother----er\". On YouTube, it has received more than two million hits. \"Initially she shied away from being an advocate for her sex,\" says Anne Summers. \"Now she knows that its part of her job as the first female prime minister to deal with this stuff.\" Male public figures who make chauvinistic comments about women are now immediately placed in the public stocks of social media. When Graeme Morris, John Howard's former chief of staff, called the popular ABC current affairs presenter Leigh Sales \"a cow\" after she had subjected Tony Abbott to a tough interview, he was forced to make an apology. Former Australian rugby great David Campese also had to say sorry after complaining via Twitter that the Sydney Morning Herald had a \"girl\" covering rugby. Television anchor Tracey Spicer also produced another online hit with an excoriating attack on some of the male TV executives she had encountered during her career. \"I want two inches off your hair and two inches off your arse,\" one had shouted across the newsroom. Australia's Year of the Woman comes with a surprising footnote. On the popular ABC debate programme QandA, a panellist observed that Julia Gillard wore unflattering jackets and had a \"fat arse\". But they were the comments not of a male chauvinist pig, but Australia's most internationally famous feminist, Germaine Greer."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Last November, High Court judge Mr Justice Jay ruled an Ofsted ruling that segregating boys and girls was unlawful discrimination was \"erroneous\". He ruled the Ofsted report could be published but the school, Birmingham's Al-Hijrah, should not be named in it. Lawyers applied for the school's anonymity to be lifted. In November, the High Court ruled that Al-Hijrah school had not breached equality legislation by teaching boys and girls separately. But Mr Justice Jay, sitting in London, rejected claims that the Ofsted inspectors had been biased. Appeal He allowed Ofsted to publish the rest of its inspection report placing anonymised \"School X\" into special measures, after inspectors found books in the school library that gave tacit approval to domestic violence. The judge gave both Ofsted and the school leave to appeal. The school sought to block publication of the Ofsted report, with the backing of its local education authority. The issues raised by the case will be analysed by the Court of Appeal on Tuesday. On the eve of the two-day hearing, Associated Newspapers, publishers of the Daily Mail, applied for the school's anonymity to be lifted so it could be fully identified during the appeal. Sir Terence Etherton, Master of the Rolls, sitting with Lady Justice Gloster and Lord Justice Beatson, said: \"We have reached the clear decision on this application that we consider anonymity should be raised so that [the press and media] will be able to name the school.\" Full reasons would be given later, said the court."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The case was heard at the Court of Appeal as Ofsted challenged a High Court ruling clearing the Al-Hijrah school in Birmingham of discrimination. Ofsted's lawyers argued the segregation left girls \"unprepared for life in modern Britain\". Appeal judges ruled the school was discriminating against its pupils contrary to the Equality Act. However, the court did not accept the argument the school's policy had disadvantaged girls more than boys. The appeal judges also made it clear the government and Ofsted had failed to identify the problem earlier and other schools operating similarly should be given time \"to put their houses in order\". About 20 schools - Islamic, Jewish and Christian - are thought to have similar segregation policies. The three appeal judges heard boys and girls, aged four to 16, attend the Birmingham City Council-maintained Al-Hijrah school, in Bordesley Green. But from Year Five, boys and girls are completely separated for lessons, breaks, school trips and school clubs. In 2016, Ofsted ruled the school was inadequate and it was put in special measures, saying its policy of separating the sexes was discrimination under the 2010 Equality Act. In November, High Court judge Mr Justice Jay overruled the inspectors, saying that they had taken an \"erroneous\" view on an issue \"of considerable public importance\". Speaking after the Court of Appeal ruling Amanda Spielman, Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools, said educational institutions should never treat pupils less favourably because of their sex. \"The school is teaching boys and girls entirely separately, making them walk down separate corridors, and keeping them apart at all times,\" she said. \"This is discrimination and is wrong. It places these boys and girls at a disadvantage for life beyond the classroom and the workplace, and fails to prepare them for life in modern Britain,\" she said. In the ruling, the appeal judges said Ofsted had made it clear if the appeal succeeded, \"it will apply a consistent approach to all similarly organised schools\". Given their failure to identify the problem earlier, the education secretary and Ofsted had \"de facto sanctioned and accepted a state of affairs which is unlawful\" and should give the affected schools time to \"put their houses in order\", the judges said. The ruling means state schools which segregate pupils risk being given a lower rating by Ofsted. It only applies to mixed-sex schools. During the appeal hearing, Peter Oldham QC, speaking for Al-Hijrah's interim executive board, said the boys and girls at the school were treated entirely equally while segregated. He said Ofsted did not claim separation was discrimination until 2016 and its actions were \"the antithesis of proper public decision-making\". Birmingham City Council said it took the High Court action it had because it felt Al-Hijrah school had been held to a different standard than other schools with similar arrangements, which had not been downgraded by Ofsted as a consequence. Colin Diamond, corporate director of children and young people at the Labour-run council, said the case had always been about fairness and consistency in the inspection process. \"We would therefore highlight comments made in this judgement about the secretary of state's and Ofsted's 'failure to identify the problem',\" he said. He added the council had a strong history of encouraging all schools to practise equality but if it was national policy that schools with gender separation were discriminating against pupils then local authorities and the schools needed to be told so they knew the standards they were being inspected against. 'Action required' Speaking to Radio 4, Mr Diamond said: \"In questioning the judgement itself, the logic whereby you can say having, in one part of our city here, a boys' school and a girls' school adjacent to each other, with a fence between them... so that's okay is it? \"Whereas it's not okay to have boys and girls in the same school, when parents have signed up for that form of Islamic education. We don't see the logic, the equity in any of that.\" Matt Bennett, shadow cabinet member for children and family services, said the verdict did not reflect well on Al-Hijrah, the council, Ofsted or the DfE. \"It is now clear that practices breaching the Equality Act 2010 have been allowed to continue at this school, and others across the country. Action is now required at local and national level,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A key witness said he had seen Nicky Jacobs, 45, attacking the officer on the estate in Tottenham, north London, in October 1985. The witness, known as Rhodes Levin to protect his identity, was giving evidence at the Old Bailey. Mr Jacobs, 45, denies murdering the officer, who was repeatedly stabbed. Mr Levin, who himself admits kicking the police officer \"a few times\", said he saw Mr Jacobs kicking and punching PC Blakelock during the onslaught. He also claimed he had seen the defendant carrying a lock knife at the scene with a brown handle and blade of around six inches. He said that immediately afterwards Mr Jacobs had told him that he had \"got a couple of dukes in\" on the policeman. Helmet 'a trophy' Mr Levin told the jury at that point he saw a police helmet but could not remember who was holding it. \"They were passing it around, showing it,\" he said. \"Like I say, it was like a trophy.\" The court heard that after being arrested in November 1985, Mr Levin was kept in custody for five days without assistance from a lawyer, and he said that during interviews with the police he was assaulted. However, he denied that officers had suggested names that they wanted him to \"put in the frame\". During police interviews, Mr Levin had said that Winston Silcott had been behind the attack on PC Blakelock and was the only one he saw with a \"large machete\", which he now admits was a lie. Mr Silcott was one of three men who had their 1987 convictions for allegedly murdering the officer quashed in 1991. Asked why he had accused Mr Silcott, Mr Levin told the court: \"Because it seemed like him. It looked like him.\" Courtenay Griffiths QC, for the defence, asked Mr Levin: \"So, on a belief, you were willing to put someone's name forward for the murder of a police officer - that is something you are capable of doing?\" Mr Levin answered: \"I believed it was him at the time.\" Party 'assault' Mr Levin, who has convictions relating to Class A drugs, was sentenced for affray and handling stolen goods in relation to the riots, the Old Bailey heard. He was paid around £5,000 and given immunity from prosecution after providing information to a renewed investigation into the policeman's murder in the 1990s. Police approached him again in January 2008 and since then he has received money for a deposit on accommodation and expenses, jurors were told. Mr Levin said that two or three months after he was interviewed by police in 1985 he was assaulted at a party in Tottenham and warned not to get involved. \"One of the guys smashed a bottle over my head,\" he said. The trial continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Appeals Court judge S Sri Skandharajah rejected three petitions by two Sinhala nationalist parties seeking an injuction order against the Cease Fire Agreement (CFA) signed in February 2002. The petitions were filed by Peoples Liberation Front (JVP) and Buddhist-monk led Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU), a member of President Rajapaksa's coalition. Tsunami joint mechanism Judge Skandharajah rejected petitoners argument that Sri Lanka government cannot enter into agreements with separatist Tamil Tigers. The Supreme Court earleir quashed an attempt by Kumaratunga administration to establish a mechanism with the LTTE in order to rebuild tsunami affected areas. Judge Skandarajah however observed that Supreme Court has not ruled it illegal to establish pacts with the LTTE. Hense the CFA could not also be illegal, he ruled. CFA \"a mistake\" He further observed that judiciary has no authority to intervene government's policy decisions such as signing the CFA. The Norwegian-brokered CFA was signed by the then Prime Minister, Ranil Wickramasinghe, and LTTE supremo Velupillai Prabhakaran. The internationally-hailed agreement was heavily criticised by Sinhala politicians as biased towards LTTE. In an exclusive interview with the BBC's Roland Buerk, President Rajapaksa described it as \"a mistake\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"UN human rights official Prof. Walter Kaelin said after a four-day visit to the conflict area that the Tamil Tigers should allow all civilians to leave. He also called on the Sri Lankan government to scrupulously observe the area designated as a civilian safety zone. “I am deeply concerned for the lives of over 100,000 civilians trapped in the 14-square kilometre area of the Vanni declared by the Government of Sri Lanka as a no-fire zone. Large numbers of civilians already have been killed or wounded,” he was quoted in a UN statement. UK statement Meanwhile, the British Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, has said recent reports of fighting in Sri Lanka inside the area designated as a civilian safety zone are deeply worrying. He said the need for a ceasefire was even more urgent. Mr Miliband said the Tamil Tigers must allow civilians to move to safety, and the Sri Lankan government and military must exercise the utmost restraint. The calls come as a health official told the BBC that at least nine civilians were killed in shell attacks in the safe zone in northern Sri Lanka on Tuesday. Dr. T Varatharajah, government director of health for Mullaitivu district told BBC Sinhala service that 64 civilians were admitted with injuries after the latest shell attacks. 'Civilians killed' The Sri Lanka armed forces, Dr. Varatharajah said, are about 800m away from the hospital and the staff could clearly see them. “The shell attacks came from the area where Sri Lankan forces are stationed,” he told BBC Sandeshaya. The official added that Puthumatalan hospital, the only functioning major hospital in the battle zone, received almost all emergency medicine supplies required and another supply is soon to be transported from Trincomalee by the ICRC. “However, we are yet to receive our medicine quota for the first quarter,” he said. The Sri Lankan government says that the troops are taking utmost care to avoid civilian casualties. “We will have the most careful approach for our so-called entry in terms of securing our civilians who are now trapped by the LTTE,” Sri Lanka Foreign Minister, Rohitha Bogollagama told the BBC."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Chief Justice (CJ) Asoka de Silva ordered the Attorney General (AG) to take a policy decision on the matter after discussing with the secretary to the justice ministry and create a mechanism to implement it. CJ de Silva made clear that the judiciary is not seeking the release of all LTTE suspects. The Supreme Court made the order after considering a fundamental rights (FR) petition filed by JA Francis, who says he is being detained for over one and half years. The CJ observed that a lot of serious issues were raised in prisons as a result of continuing detention of LTTE suspects in custody. It is not clear what he meant by ‘serious issues’. It is inappropriate to continuously detain the LTTE suspects, he told the open court, and ordered the AG to release them on bail if investigations are completed. The government has admitted that nearly 10,000 cadres were arrested and detained at the last stages of the war. It is also estimated that nearly 2000 suspected LTTE members were detained before the fighting intensified. The hearing has been postponed until 08 September."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Hannah RichardsonBBC News education reporter It suggests the Games inspired more than half of children to take up a new sport, but 80% of parents say the amount of PE and games in UK schools has not increased. The survey of 1,006 parents by Chance to Shine cricket charity marks 100 days since the end of London 2012. The government said it was investing £1bn over the next five years. One of the key parts of the London Olympic bid was inspiring the athletes of the future. The Chance to Shine survey found 54% of pupils had been inspired to take up a new sport as a result of the Olympics. However, eight out of parents said their children were playing the same amount of sport or less during school hours following the Games and its results suggested many pupils do less than the recommended two hours of sport a week. 'Aspiration' It also found that 54% of the parents five to 16-year-olds polled said their children played less than two hours of games or PE in school a week. In Sheffield, the home of gold medal-winning heptathlete Jessica Ennis, 60% of parents say their children do less than the stipulated two hours a week. Rules requiring schools to report on whether they had met that target were scrapped by Education Secretary Michael Gove in 2010. The Department for Education said at the time it was an unenforceable aspiration. However, Mr Gove told schools at the time he expected them to maintain their current levels of PE and sport. When parents in the survey were asked what the biggest challenges facing schools trying to increase the amount of sport their pupils play, 42% of parents blamed time pressures of the curriculum. A third of parents blamed a lack of facilities and 29% blamed a lack of funding for school sports. 'Inspired' Wasim Khan, chief executive of Chance to Shine, which runs cricketing schemes in 6,500 schools in the UK, said: \"The fact that parents are saying that their children are doing less than two hours of school sport a week is a concern. \"We want young people to do as much physical activity as possible in and out of school - whether it's cricket, athletics or another sport - to help them lead active, healthy lives. \"Parents are saying that many of their children were inspired by the Olympic Games to play more or to try a new sport. \"We owe it to those children to ensure we have the right infrastructure to make it a reality.\" Olympic legacy? A message on the youth legacy section of the London 2012 website says: \"Since it won the bid to host the Games, London 2012 has worked closely with partners and stakeholders on activation programmes to promote sports participation in the run-up to, during and after the Games. \"For example, 14,000 schools and more than five million young people took part in the 2012 National School Sports Week sponsored by Lloyds TSB.\" General secretary of the National Union of Teachers, Christine Blower, said the Olympic Legacy was alive and well and being nurtured by our PE teachers. \"Many NUT members are involved in sports clubs of all kinds both during and outside of school. \"Think how much more, though, could be done if the government hadn't all but scrapped the Schools Sports Partnership and presided over the sell-off of playing fields. \"Teachers want to see an Olympic legacy. The question is does the government?\" The panel of parents were surveyed online by Opinion Matters in early November. A government spokesperson said: \"We want more young people to take part in competitive sport - not only so they lead healthy and active lifestyles but also so they develop new skills and learn how to work as a team. \"This is why we are putting competitive sport at the heart of the new primary school curriculum and extending the School Games competition. We are also investing £1bn over the next five years in youth sport; improving links between schools and clubs and upgrading hundreds of facilities up and down the country. \"However, encouraging more young people to take part in sport cannot be driven just by top down Whitehall policies, as we have seen previously; it must be led by parents and communities creating a culture where competitive sport can thrive.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Sean CoughlanBBC News education correspondent There were particular weaknesses with maths among lower ability girls in the UK, says the study of test results. The international report warns of the UK's gender gap in maths, with girls trailing behind boys. It also calls for tougher conceptual maths to be taught in UK schools. This international comparison of ability in maths is drawn from an analysis of the Pisa tests taken by 15-year-olds. Gender gap It shows that across most developed countries, boys are better than girls at maths. At reading, it is the reverse, with girls much better than boys. This difference in maths is not about any innate differences, says the OECD's Andreas Schleicher. Instead he says it is driven by a lack of confidence among girls in their maths skills and lower expectations that they will need maths in future careers. Surveys gathered alongside the Pisa tests show that girls are much more likely than boys to have a perception of themselves as being bad at maths. \"There is a close correlation between expectations and achievement,\" he said. In the highest performing education systems, such as Singapore and Shanghai, the gender gap is much narrower. In all countries there are a range of abilities in maths among pupils. But the OECD says that there is an unusual pattern in the UK with lower performing girls in the UK much worse than might be expected. These teenagers are the equivalent of about six years behind in their maths skills, compared with the average for schoolgirls in Shanghai in China. The OECD study looks at the UK as a whole, rather than four separate devolved education systems. Mr Schleicher says that being good or bad at maths has far-reaching economic consequences for individuals. People with good maths skills in the UK are six times more likely to have earnings above the median income, he said. Mr Schleicher also highlighted that \"maths\" could mean very different levels of learning in different countries - and that this could account for differences in test results. He said that in schools in the UK there was a tendency for \"simple maths wrapped in complex words\". In contrast, he said that in Shanghai there was an emphasis on formal maths and understanding the underlying principles. England's education minister, Elizabeth Truss, said: \"In the past girls have been let down by outdated assumptions about what they are good at but the evidence shows that with excellent teaching and support from parents they are just as good as boys in crucial subjects like maths and physics. \"This is why we are determined to get the message across to girls and their parents that maths skills command the highest earnings in the workplace.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The London mayor wants to build on the public's renewed appetite for sport, adding it would be \"wonderful for kids across this country\". The coalition has been criticised for removing the requirement that schools in England provide pupils with at least two hours of sport a week. But it has pledged £1bn investment in school sports in the next few years. Labour has called for the two-hour-a-week target to be re-introduced and a cross-party 10-year school sports plan agreed to ensure a grass-roots legacy for the Games. Speaking at a press conference on the Olympic legacy, Mr Johnson said: \"The government totally understands people's appetite for this, they can see the benefits of sport and what it does for young people. \"They understand very, very clearly the social and economic advantages. \"I would like to see, frankly, the kind of regime I used to enjoy - compulsory two hours' sport every day. \"I've no doubt that is the sort of thing that would be wonderful for kids across this country. \"It is of profound importance for the happiness and success of this country that we have more sport in schools.\" 'Life changing' Dame Tessa Jowell - Culture Secretary at the time London won the Olympic bid - told BBC Radio 4's Today programme she wanted \"a very clear agreement that a chunk of time every week\" would be set aside for children to play sports. She also urged all parties to sign up to a 10-year school sports plan, stretching beyond the next general election, to ensure stability. \"We promised in Singapore, when we won the bid, that we would inspire a generation and that would be creating sport as part of every child's life; life changing and something we'd never done before in that concerted way. \"One of the reasons the Olympics has been so successful, I think, is that in their planning and execution all the parties have worked together in the national interest and built a national consensus about how to deliver the Olympics. \"I think that sense of unity of purpose should be applied to delivering this legacy.\" 'Bottling the spirit' The Department for Education allocates funding for school sports provision in England, while the devolved administrations take on the responsibility in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. In 2010 the government faced criticism from teachers and athletes when it cut funding for the Schools Sports Partnership programme - set up by Labour. The programme supported joint initiatives between primary, secondary and specialist state schools designed to increase sporting opportunities for children, but ministers argued it had done too little to increase young people's involvement in competitive sports. Downing Street said the government was committed to ensuring the Games had a lasting legacy and was spending £1bn on a five-year youth sports strategy. Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt said the Olympics was inspiring millions of young people but insisted targets in education \"don't always get you the results that you want\". He told BBC Radio 4's World At One: \"It's about culture, it's about empowering teachers, empowering heads and getting an ethos inside schools, and particularly when it comes to sport it's about an understanding of the role of competitive sport, of team sport, and the values that can give to young people.\" The government would be bringing forward plans to make sure more young people take part in competitive sport, Mr Hunt added. But shadow education secretary Stephen Twigg accused the government of being \"out of touch\" on school sport by not backing the two-hour target. \"Everyone who loves sport agrees we need to ensure pupils get enough hours of PE every week,\" he said. Discussing the legacy of the Olympics, on BBC Radio 2, Prime Minister David Cameron said \"bottling\" the volunteering spirit demonstrated by those working across the Olympic venues was also \"vital\". Both Mr Cameron and Ms Jowell said they hoped the volunteers would get involved in a new charity Join in Local Sport which is helping thousands of clubs and community groups throw open their doors to \"capture the enthusiasm\" for sport after the Olympics. Mr Cameron also said it was important the UK maintained its system of funding and support for elite sports and praised the \"very tough\" conditions set by UK Sport - the organisation responsible for investing government money in Britain's top performers."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Paradise Papers reporting team BBC Panorama They reveal how Apple sidestepped a 2013 crackdown on its controversial Irish tax practices by actively shopping around for a tax haven. It then moved the firm holding most of its untaxed offshore cash, now $252bn, to the Channel Island of Jersey. Apple said the new structure had not lowered its taxes. It said it remained the world's largest taxpayer, paying about $35bn (£26bn) in corporation tax over the past three years, that it had followed the law and its changes \"did not reduce our tax payments in any country\". In a further statement the company stressed that no operations or investments had been moved from Ireland. The Paradise Papers is the name for a huge leak of financial documents that is throwing light on the world of offshore finance. Paradise Papers - Tax secrets of the ultra-rich Up until 2014, the tech company had been exploiting a loophole in tax laws in the US and the Republic of Ireland known as the \"double Irish\". This allowed Apple to funnel all its sales outside of the Americas - currently about 55% of its revenue - through Irish subsidiaries that were effectively stateless for taxation purposes, and so incurred hardly any tax. Instead of paying Irish corporation tax of 12.5%, or the US rate of 35%, Apple's avoidance structure helped it reduce its tax rate on profits outside of the US to the extent that its foreign tax payments rarely amounted to more than 5% of its foreign profits, and in some years dipped below 2%. The European Commission calculated the rate of tax for one of Apple's Irish companies for one year had been just 0.005%. Apple came under pressure in 2013 in the US Senate, when CEO Tim Cook was forced to defend its tax system. Angry that the US was missing out on a huge amount of tax, then-Senator Carl Levin told him: \"You shifted that golden goose to Ireland. You shifted it to three companies that do not pay taxes in Ireland. These are the crown jewels of Apple Inc. Folks, it's not right.\" Mr Cook responded defiantly: \"We pay all the taxes we owe, every single dollar. We do not depend on tax gimmicks... We do not stash money on some Caribbean island.\" Apple's questionnaire After the EU announced in 2013 that it was investigating Apple's Irish arrangement, the Irish government decided that firms incorporated there could no longer be stateless for tax purposes. In order to keep its tax rates low, Apple needed to find an offshore financial centre that would serve as the tax residency for its Irish subsidiaries. In March 2014, Apple's legal advisers sent a questionnaire to Appleby, a leading offshore finance law firm and source of much of the Paradise Papers leak. It asked what benefits different offshore jurisdictions - the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Mauritius, the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey - could offer Apple. The document asked key questions such as was it possible to \"obtain an official assurance of tax exemption\" and could it be confirmed that an Irish company might \"conduct management activities… without being subject to taxation in your jurisdiction\". They also asked whether a change of government was likely, what information would be visible to the public and how easy it would be to exit the jurisdiction. Source document: Apple questionnaire (extract) Leaked emails also make it clear that Apple wanted to keep the move secret. One email sent between senior partners at Appleby says: \"For those of you who are not aware, Apple [officials] are extremely sensitive concerning publicity. They also expect the work that is being done for them only to be discussed amongst personnel who need to know.\" Apple chose Jersey, a UK Crown dependency that makes its own tax laws and which has a 0% corporate tax rate for foreign companies. Paradise Papers documents show Apple's two key Irish subsidiaries, Apple Operations International (AOI), believed to hold most of Apple's massive $252bn overseas cash hoard, and Apple Sales International (ASI), were managed from Appleby's office in Jersey from the start of 2015 until early 2016. This would have enabled Apple to continue avoiding billions in tax around the world. Apple's 2017 accounts showed they made $44.7bn outside the US and paid just $1.65bn in taxes to foreign governments, a rate of around 3.7%. That is less than a sixth of the average rate of corporation tax in the world. Apple and Ireland vs the EU In August 2016, after a three-year investigation, the European Commission finds that Ireland gave an illegal tax benefit to Apple. The EC says Apple must repay Ireland taxes for the period within its remit of investigation, 2003-2013, a total of €13bn (£11.6bn) plus interest of €1bn. Ireland and Apple launch an appeal. Apple's Tim Cook calls the EC ruling \"total political crap\", with \"no reason for it in fact or in law\". Ireland says the EU is encroaching on sovereign taxation. It fears multinationals will go elsewhere. Ireland agrees to collect the €13bn, to be held in a managed escrow account pending the appeal verdict. In October 2017, the EU says it will take Ireland to court as it has not yet collected the money. Ireland says it is complicated and it needs time. Massive GDP spike When the \"double-Irish\" loophole was shut down, Ireland also created new tax regulations that companies like Apple could take advantage of. One of the companies that Apple moved to Jersey, ASI, had rights to some of Apple Inc's hugely valuable intellectual property. If ASI sold the intellectual property back to an Irish company, the Irish company would be able to offset the enormous cost against any future profits. And since the IP holder, ASI, was registered in Jersey, the profits of the sale would not be taxed. It appears Apple has done just that. There was an extraordinary 26% spike in Ireland's GDP in 2015 which media reports put down to intellectual property assets moving into Ireland. Intangible assets rose a massive €250bn in Ireland that year. Ireland's department of finance denied that the new regulations had been brought in to benefit multinationals. It said Ireland was \"not unique in allowing companies to claim capital allowances on intangible assets\" and had followed \"the international norm\". Apple declined to answer questions about its two subsidiaries moving their tax residency to Jersey. It also declined to comment when asked whether one of those companies had helped create a huge tax write-off by selling intellectual property. Apple said: \"When Ireland changed its tax laws in 2015, we complied by changing the residency of our Irish subsidiaries and we informed Ireland, the European Commission and the United States. \"The changes we made did not reduce our tax payments in any country. In fact, our payments to Ireland increased significantly and over the last three years we've paid $1.5bn in tax there.\" Find out more about the words and phrases found in the Paradise Papers. Your browser does not support this Lookup Your guide to financial jargon The papers are a huge batch of leaked documents mostly from offshore law firm Appleby, along with corporate registries in 19 tax jurisdictions, which reveal the financial dealings of politicians, celebrities, corporate giants and business leaders. The 13.4 million records were passed to German newspaper Sueddeutsche Zeitung and then shared with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ). Panorama has led research for the BBC as part of a global investigation involving nearly 100 other media organisations, including the Guardian, in 67 countries. The BBC does not know the identity of the source. Paradise Papers: Full coverage; follow reaction on Twitter using #ParadisePapers; in the BBC News app, follow the tag \"Paradise Papers\" Watch Panorama on the BBC iPlayer (UK viewers only)"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ireland's Finance Ministry said the payment was a \"significant milestone\", although Dublin insists Apple was not given any special tax treatment. In 2016 the Commission ruled the below 1% effective tax rate the firm paid in Ireland amounted to illegal state aid. Apple has appealed against the decision. Dublin also disputes the Commission's finding. Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe said the government \"fundamentally disagree[d] with the Commission's analysis\". However, he said, \"as committed members of the European Union, we have always confirmed that we would recover the alleged state aid.\" The European Commission initiated a lawsuit against Ireland last year over its delay in recovering the money. The Commission said that the court action would now be withdrawn. The process of recovering the funds began in May and has now amounted to €13.1bn in disputed taxes plus interest of €1.2bn, an amount roughly equivalent to Ireland's health budget for the year. The money will be held in an escrow fund while Apple's appeal takes place. Apple is one of several American tech giants which located their European operations in Ireland, due to its relatively low tax rate. Facebook, Twitter and Google all have a significant presence in Dublin. Ireland's finance ministry said it expects it to take several years for European courts to resolve the issue."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The British overseas territory forms part of an island chain, alongside the neighbouring US Virgin Islands. Tortola, the largest of the 16 inhabited islands, is home to more than three quarters of the population. Named by Christopher Columbus in 1493, the islands were settled by the Dutch until 1666. They became part of Britain's Leeward Islands colony in 1872, gaining a limited degree of self-rule in 1967. A new constitution adopted in 2007 established a greater degree of self-government. Tourism and offshore finance dominate the economy, with financial and business services accounting for nearly half of the islands' GDP. A huge leak in 2016 of documents known as the \"Panama Papers\" revealed the islands to be the most popular tax haven by far with clients of the Panamanian law firm, Mossack Fonseca. The leak threw new light on how the rich and powerful hide their wealth and caused a global stir. Further revelations were made in the \"Paradise Papers\" in 2017. FACTS LEADERS Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a governor The governor is responsible for external affairs, defence, internal security, public services and the administration of the courts. The territory has a ministerial system of government. Elections to the 13-member Legislative Council are held every four years. MEDIA There are no public broadcasters based in the BVI; the TV station and radio stations are operated by private concerns."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The festival, which runs from 26-29 April next year, will include films and live music acts. Redford said he wanted to bring the \"very best in current American independent cinema\" to the UK. Redford founded the Sundance Film Festival, which takes place annually in Utah in the US in 1978. Speaking at the Sundance London launch on Tuesday, Redford said organisers wanted to \"help build a picture of our country that is broadly reflective of the diversity of voices not always seen in our cultural exports\". The influential Sundance Film Festival celebrated its 30th anniversary earlier this year - it was founded by Redford to promote independent film-making. Last year, Winter's Bone won the top prize before going on to be nominated in four categories including best picture at this year's Oscars."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The event, which begins on 9 October, will show 234 fiction and documentary features including 22 world premieres. Judi Dench and Steve Coogan are due on the red carpet for the gala screening of Stephen Frears' film, Philomena. The festival will also unveil Steve McQueen's 12 Years A Slave, starring Benedict Cumberbatch. Cumberbatch stars alongside Brad Pitt, Michael Fassbender and Chiwetel Ejiofor in the historical drama based on Solomon Northup's autobiography of the same name, about a free black man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery. Hanks will open the festival with his latest film, Captain Phillips, directed by British Bourne Identity filmmaker Paul Greengrass. The biopic tells the story of Captain Richard Phillips, who was taken hostage by Somali Pirates during the Maersk Alabama hijacking in 2009. Saving Mr Banks, the untold story of how the Disney classic Mary Poppins made it to the screen - which also stars Hanks alongside Emma Thompson, will close the festival. Other big hitters to be screened include the sci-fi thriller Gravity, starring George Clooney and Sandra Bullock, The Coen Brothers' Inside Llewyn Davis and the critically acclaimed lesbian drama, Blue is the Warmest Colour. Thirteen films will compete in the official competition including Jonathan Glazer's Under The Skin starring Scarlett Johansson as a man-eating alien; Parkland, Peter Landesman's film about events in Dallas, Texas on the day President John F Kennedy was assassinated; and Starred Up from British director David Mackenzie. The first feature category includes John Krokidas's debut, Kill Your Darlings, which stars Radcliffe as Beat poet Allen Ginsberg; and Sixteen, about a former child soldier in the Congo looking for a fresh start in London, starring Rachael Stirling. The festival will host 16 international premieres and 29 European premieres. There will also be screenings of 134 live action and animated shorts. The only world premiere is John Noel's The Epic Of Everest, which charts the famous 1924 Everest expedition."
]
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"More than four tonnes of explosives and 400,000 fireworks lit up the skies around Edinburgh Castle. The international festival has had its most successful year, taking more than £4m in ticket sales for the first time. Fringe box office figures were also up with a 7.7% rise on 2015. Almost two and a half million tickets were issued for shows across the city. Shona McCarthy, chief executive of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society, said: \"The Fringe plays an essential role in the global arts community, providing a platform for artists from around the UK and the rest of the world to showcase their work and make new connections. \"With 48 countries represented in this year's programme, the breadth and diversity of talent on offer has been astounding. \"We are now looking forward to our 70th anniversary celebrations in 2017 and hope that as many people as possible will join us to mark this fantastic milestone in the history of Edinburgh's festivals.\" In what was another record-breaking year for the international festival, classical music was particularly strong - with events at the Queen's Hall achieving its highest-ever sales. International Festival director Fergus Linehan said: \"The International Festival has always been a place for people of all nationalities to meet and exchange ideas and we've seen that everywhere across the city these past three weeks. \"In uncertain times, events like this feel ever more important, and we at the International Festival are honoured to have been able to host, inspire, entertain and, moreover, welcome so many artists and visitors from all over the world to our city.\" About 250,000 people were expected to gather in Princes Street Gardens and other points around Edinburgh, Fife and the Lothians to watch the fireworks. Live music by the Scottish Chamber Orchestra accompanied the display. This year's concert continued the festival's Shakespearean celebrations, commemorating 400 years since the poet's death. Estonian conductor Kristiina Poska directed the orchestra as they performed Sergei Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet, Leonard Bernstein's Symphonic Dances from West Side Story and Dmitri Shostakovich's Festive Overture."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Did the game King scored 3 goals in also have any of the teams Arsenal played later that year? Passage 1:Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, \"As an attempt to elevate pornography ... into art, it is often witty and funny but it fails for several reasons, including Ginsberg's self-imposed limitations on form (to which he's not completely faithful).\" He elaborated that \"the screenplay, like the film, eventually drifts in a horizontal direction into a kind of foggy confusion.\" Variety stated, \"The problem with 'Coming Apart' is that while it suggests some interesting ideas, it can't deliver any of them in cogent form. If Torn is supposed to be some form of saint in the 20th Century religion of psychiatry, prepared to accept the truth of his perceptions with detached irony, this only adds to the deadness of the film as public entertainment.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4 and praised Rip Torn for \"a brilliantly controlled performance. He never appears to be acting.\" Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times wrote, \"In this dreary study of the disintegration of a New York psychologist (Rip Torn), Ginsberg made the mistake of placing professional actors in improvised Warhol-like situations ... What we're left with, consequently, is scarcely more than some mild but mainly tedious pornography for intellectuals.\" Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote, \"Compared to the erotic satire, the film's serious pretensions seem so uninspired and derivative that it's only natural to find that your interest dwindles once the characters start sorting out their souls ... the breakdowns turn morbidly sentimental and theatrically pat.\" Life reviewer Richard Schickel praised Torn's performance, Ginsberg's inventive use of camera and sound, and the \"illuminating\" portrayal of a schizophrenic breakdown. Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice gave it a less favorable review, however, and the film was a commercial failure.\n Passage 2:In April 1914 he joined Arsenal for a £1,000 fee, returning to League football. Arsenal had just missed out on promotion on goal average to the First Division, and in 1914–15 King spearheaded their attack, scoring 26 goals in the League and another three in the FA Cup. These included the first hat trick scored at their new Highbury stadium (against Grimsby Town on 14 November 1914), and two four-goal hauls against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Nottingham Forest. King's 29 goals that season were an all-time club record at the time, remaining so until Jimmy Brain broke it in 1925–26. However, Arsenal's defence let them down and they only finished fifth, outside of the promotion places; eventually, they were re-elected back to the First Division when football resumed after the end of the First World War.\n Passage 3:Jenny Morris was born in Tokoroa, New Zealand and grew up in Hamilton with three brothers (Alistair, Rhys and Tam) and four sisters (Maxine, Bronte, Joanne and Shanley). Morris wrote a poem on the Vietnam War when she was 12 and used her sister's guitar to put it to music. Morris has stated that her influences include Aretha Franklin and Dusty Springfield. Her first professional performance was at age fifteen, at Andersons Theatre Restaurant, in Hamilton. In 1976 she became a singer with How's Your Father, who were finalists in the 'National Battle of the Bands'. She began working as a Home Economics teacher for two years at a high school near Wellington. Late in 1978 Morris joined an all-girl group, Wide Mouthed Frogs in Wellington, performing lead vocals. Fellow members were Kate Brockie on lead vocals, Andrea Gilkison on guitar, Tina Matthews on bass guitar, Bronwyn Murray on keyboards and Sally Zwartz on drums. In 1979 they released the track, \"Some Day\" for the compilation album, Home Grown Volume One; \"Some Day\" was cowritten with Tony Backhouse, guitarist of fellow Wellington band, The Spats, which also had a track, \"Young Ladies in Hot Cars\", on the compilation.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How many wins did the team that Benayoun scored his first goal against have in 2007? Passage 1:Roger Ebert rated the film three-and-a-half stars, praising the creation of an island world that \"might as well be ruled by Prospero\". A devoted fan of Anderson, Richard Brody hailed Moonrise Kingdom as \"a leap ahead, artistically and personally\" for the director, for its \"expressly transcendent theme\" and its spiritual references to Noah's Ark. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film four stars out of five, calling it \"another sprightly confection of oddities, attractively eccentric, witty and strangely clothed\". The New York Timess Manohla Dargis reviewed Anderson and Coppola's screenplay as a \"beautifully coordinated admixture of droll humor, deadpan and slapstick\". Peter Travers positively reviewed the actors' performances, calling Norton engaging, Balaban \"delightful\" and Willis agreeable. Travers also credited cinematographer Yeoman for \"a poet's eye\" and composer Alexandre Desplat for his contributions. As novice actors, Jared Gilman and Kara Hayward also received praise. The Daily Telegraphs review stated it was \"exhilarating\" to see different elements combined, such as the music of Britten and Hank Williams. It called the end result \"an extraordinarily affected piece of filmmaking\". The Hollywood Reporters review by Todd McCarthy described the film as an \"eccentric, pubescent love story\", \"impeccably made\". For Empire, Nev Pierce declared it \"a delightful film of innocence lost and regained\". Christopher Orr of The Atlantic wrote that Moonrise Kingdom was \"Anderson's best live-action feature\" and that it \"captures the texture of childhood summers, the sense of having a limited amount of time in which to do unlimited things\". Kristen M. Jones of Film Comment wrote that the film \"has a spontaneity and yearning that lend an easy comic rhythm\", but it also has a \"rapt quality, as if we are viewing the events through Suzy's binoculars or reading the story under the covers by a flashlight\".\n Passage 2:Benayoun was introduced as a Liverpool player along with Ryan Babel on 13 July, and was given the number 11 shirt. He made his first competitive start for Liverpool against Toulouse in the UEFA Champions League qualifier 3rd round 1st leg. His first goal for Liverpool came on 25 September 2007 when he scored against Reading in the League Cup with a wonderful solo effort. Yossi scored a second hat trick against a mismatched opponent in his first season against non-league side Havant & Waterlooville in the FA Cup, a team 122 places behind Liverpool on the league pyramid. On 7 November 2007 in UEFA Champions League home game against Besiktas in the Group Stage, Benayoun scored a hat trick in Liverpool's 8–0 win against the Istanbul team. Benayoun ended a successful first season having played 48 games scoring 11 goals in the process, including four league goals against Wigan Athletic, Portsmouth, Aston Villa, and Birmingham City.\n Passage 3:Rey Francisco Guadalupe Sánchez (born October 5, 1967) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. He attended high school in California and was drafted in the 13th round of the amateur baseball draft by the Texas Rangers. He played in their minor league system until , when he was traded to the Chicago Cubs for minor leaguer Bryan House. In , he broke through to the majors, playing 13 games. He continued to play there, often on a regular basis until August 16, , when he was traded to the New York Yankees for minor leaguer Frisco Parotte. He finished the season there, and then started to become a journeyman. He played (in order) in a season for the San Francisco Giants, two and a half seasons for the Kansas City Royals, 50 games for the Atlanta Braves, and a season for the Boston Red Sox. In , he played 56 and 46 games for the New York Mets (where he allegedly received a controversial haircut during a game ) and Seattle Mariners, respectively, and moved on to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for . He became a Yankee for the second time in .\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: When did Gene Siskel start working for the Chicago Tribune? Passage 1:Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, \"As an attempt to elevate pornography ... into art, it is often witty and funny but it fails for several reasons, including Ginsberg's self-imposed limitations on form (to which he's not completely faithful).\" He elaborated that \"the screenplay, like the film, eventually drifts in a horizontal direction into a kind of foggy confusion.\" Variety stated, \"The problem with 'Coming Apart' is that while it suggests some interesting ideas, it can't deliver any of them in cogent form. If Torn is supposed to be some form of saint in the 20th Century religion of psychiatry, prepared to accept the truth of his perceptions with detached irony, this only adds to the deadness of the film as public entertainment.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4 and praised Rip Torn for \"a brilliantly controlled performance. He never appears to be acting.\" Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times wrote, \"In this dreary study of the disintegration of a New York psychologist (Rip Torn), Ginsberg made the mistake of placing professional actors in improvised Warhol-like situations ... What we're left with, consequently, is scarcely more than some mild but mainly tedious pornography for intellectuals.\" Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote, \"Compared to the erotic satire, the film's serious pretensions seem so uninspired and derivative that it's only natural to find that your interest dwindles once the characters start sorting out their souls ... the breakdowns turn morbidly sentimental and theatrically pat.\" Life reviewer Richard Schickel praised Torn's performance, Ginsberg's inventive use of camera and sound, and the \"illuminating\" portrayal of a schizophrenic breakdown. Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice gave it a less favorable review, however, and the film was a commercial failure.\n Passage 2:Jenny Morris was born in Tokoroa, New Zealand and grew up in Hamilton with three brothers (Alistair, Rhys and Tam) and four sisters (Maxine, Bronte, Joanne and Shanley). Morris wrote a poem on the Vietnam War when she was 12 and used her sister's guitar to put it to music. Morris has stated that her influences include Aretha Franklin and Dusty Springfield. Her first professional performance was at age fifteen, at Andersons Theatre Restaurant, in Hamilton. In 1976 she became a singer with How's Your Father, who were finalists in the 'National Battle of the Bands'. She began working as a Home Economics teacher for two years at a high school near Wellington. Late in 1978 Morris joined an all-girl group, Wide Mouthed Frogs in Wellington, performing lead vocals. Fellow members were Kate Brockie on lead vocals, Andrea Gilkison on guitar, Tina Matthews on bass guitar, Bronwyn Murray on keyboards and Sally Zwartz on drums. In 1979 they released the track, \"Some Day\" for the compilation album, Home Grown Volume One; \"Some Day\" was cowritten with Tony Backhouse, guitarist of fellow Wellington band, The Spats, which also had a track, \"Young Ladies in Hot Cars\", on the compilation.\n Passage 3:In 1990, Sega president Hayao Nakayama sought a flagship series to compete with Nintendo's Mario franchise along with a character to serve as a company mascot. Several character designs were submitted as part of a contest. Among the designs was an egg-shaped man wearing pajamas who resembled Theodore Roosevelt, drawn by Naoto Ohshima. According to Ohshima, the resemblance to Roosevelt was unintentional, saying he was influenced by a variety of characters. Retrospective sources have indicated Ohshima based the character on Humpty Dumpty and Mario. The Roosevelt lookalike did not win the contest; rather, another Ohshima character, a hedgehog named Mr. Needlemouse—later renamed Sonic—prevailed. As development of the Sega Genesis game Sonic the Hedgehog progressed, however, programmer Yuji Naka and the rest of Sonic Team thought the rejected design was excellent and deserved inclusion in the game. Since the character could not be the protagonist, the team retooled him into the game's main antagonist.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What was the name of the role that Michael James Scott played in Here's to the Public? Passage 1:After an early career as a child actor, as a young adult Michael underwent a string of TV work, theatre shows and singing engagements, before getting his higher education BFA degree attending The Conservatory of Theatre Arts program at Webster University in St. Louis, MO. While in college, he went on to be the standby for the legendary Ben Vereen on the international tour of Fosse from 2003 to 2004. He then joined the 1st National US tour of Mamma Mia! from 2004 to 2005. In 2005, he made his Broadway debut in 2005 in the musical All Shook Up. He appeared off-Broadway opposite Donna McKechnie in Here's to the Public. In 2006, after a short stint in Disney's Tarzan on Broadway, he reprised his Mamma Mia! role of Eddie in the Broadway production. In 2007, he was in the original Broadway company for Boublil and Schönberg's new musical The Pirate Queen. In 2008, he was a part of the concert cast of at Carnegie Hall and very shortly afterwards went on to originate Barry Nelson in the Las Vegas production of Jersey Boys. He returned to Broadway in 2009 in a revival of Hair, continuing on to the West End production the following year, for which he was also associate choreographer. At the end of that year, he returned to Broadway in the original cast of , until it closed in 2011. He then played Dr. Gostwana in the original Broadway company of The Book of Mormon. During his time in Book of Mormon, he took a short break to play Donkey in Shrek the Musical at the prestigious MUNY of St. Louis before finally leaving Mormon in 2013. He joined the original Broadway company of Disney's Aladdin musical as the Genie standby. In 2015, he left to originate the Minstrel in Something Rotten! on Broadway.\n Passage 2:The final of the Sussex Senior Cup was held at Preston Park in Brighton for the first four competitions, from 1883 to 1886. It was then held at the County Cricket Ground in Hove for 18 editions of the cup, with the exception of the 1891 season, which was held on a league basis. In 1906 the first cup final took place to have been played at the Goldstone Ground in Hove. At the time the Goldstone Ground was the home stadium of Brighton and Hove Albion, which for some time was Sussex's only professional football club. The Goldstone Ground was known to have hosted the final of the Sussex Senior Cup a record 55 times between 1906 and 1995. Other stadiums to have hosted the Susssex Senior Cup include The Dripping Pan in Lewes (held 14 times between 1920 and 1947), The Trafalgar Ground in Newhaven (held twice in 1931 and 1932), Woodside Road in Worthing (held 7 times between 1934 and 1997), The Saffrons in Eastbourne (held once in 1936), Queen Street in Horsham (held once in 1949), Broadfield Stadium in Crawley (held twice in 1998 and 1999) and Priory Lane in Eastbourne (held 11 times between 2000 and 2010). Since 2011 the final of the Sussex Senior Cup has been played at the Falmer Stadium in Brighton.\n Passage 3:The world tour to support the album began in June 2016 in Europe with a festival tour. The band's headlining tour to support the album will begin in September 2016 in Europe and continue into 2017 throughout the United States and Canada. \"Dark Necessities\", \"Go Robot\", \"Sick Love\" and \"This Ticonderoga\" made their live debuts in May 2016. \"The Getaway\" had actually been teased during their performances of \"Give It Away\" at Ace Hotel for the Feel The Bern Benefit Concert in Los Angeles, CA in February 5, 2016, and at Super Bowl 50 party in San Francisco, CA back in February 2016, however, it went unknown until the band released the song on May 26, 2016. The song would first be performed in its entirety on May 29, 2016. \"We Turn Red\" became the sixth song from the album to be performed live making its debut on June 10, 2016. \"The Longest Wave\" made its live debut on June 14, 2016 at a promotional show in Paris. \"Detroit\" made its live debut on June 29, 2016 at the Roskilde Festival. On July 1, 2016, the Live In Paris EP was released exclusively through the music streaming website Deezer. It features five songs from the band's performance of June 14, 2016 in Paris. \"Goodbye Angels\" made its live debut on July 10, 2016. \"Dreams of a Samurai\" made its live debut on July 24, 2016 at the Fuji Rock Festival in Japan. \"Feasting on the Flowers\" premiered in Oslo, Norway on September 8, 2016.\"Encore\" was finally performed on April 24, 2017 in Jacksonville, FL making \"The Hunter\" the only song to not be performed yet from the album. The tour concluded on October 18, 2017 lasting a year and almost five months and consisted of 151 shows. The tour placed 32nd on Pollstar's year-end top 100 worldwide tours list for 2016, grossing a total of $46.2 million, and it finished as the 18th highest grossing worldwide tour in 2017 grossing $73.5 million.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: In what state was Michael a member of a concert cast in 2008? Passage 1:After an early career as a child actor, as a young adult Michael underwent a string of TV work, theatre shows and singing engagements, before getting his higher education BFA degree attending The Conservatory of Theatre Arts program at Webster University in St. Louis, MO. While in college, he went on to be the standby for the legendary Ben Vereen on the international tour of Fosse from 2003 to 2004. He then joined the 1st National US tour of Mamma Mia! from 2004 to 2005. In 2005, he made his Broadway debut in 2005 in the musical All Shook Up. He appeared off-Broadway opposite Donna McKechnie in Here's to the Public. In 2006, after a short stint in Disney's Tarzan on Broadway, he reprised his Mamma Mia! role of Eddie in the Broadway production. In 2007, he was in the original Broadway company for Boublil and Schönberg's new musical The Pirate Queen. In 2008, he was a part of the concert cast of at Carnegie Hall and very shortly afterwards went on to originate Barry Nelson in the Las Vegas production of Jersey Boys. He returned to Broadway in 2009 in a revival of Hair, continuing on to the West End production the following year, for which he was also associate choreographer. At the end of that year, he returned to Broadway in the original cast of , until it closed in 2011. He then played Dr. Gostwana in the original Broadway company of The Book of Mormon. During his time in Book of Mormon, he took a short break to play Donkey in Shrek the Musical at the prestigious MUNY of St. Louis before finally leaving Mormon in 2013. He joined the original Broadway company of Disney's Aladdin musical as the Genie standby. In 2015, he left to originate the Minstrel in Something Rotten! on Broadway.\n Passage 2:The final of the Sussex Senior Cup was held at Preston Park in Brighton for the first four competitions, from 1883 to 1886. It was then held at the County Cricket Ground in Hove for 18 editions of the cup, with the exception of the 1891 season, which was held on a league basis. In 1906 the first cup final took place to have been played at the Goldstone Ground in Hove. At the time the Goldstone Ground was the home stadium of Brighton and Hove Albion, which for some time was Sussex's only professional football club. The Goldstone Ground was known to have hosted the final of the Sussex Senior Cup a record 55 times between 1906 and 1995. Other stadiums to have hosted the Susssex Senior Cup include The Dripping Pan in Lewes (held 14 times between 1920 and 1947), The Trafalgar Ground in Newhaven (held twice in 1931 and 1932), Woodside Road in Worthing (held 7 times between 1934 and 1997), The Saffrons in Eastbourne (held once in 1936), Queen Street in Horsham (held once in 1949), Broadfield Stadium in Crawley (held twice in 1998 and 1999) and Priory Lane in Eastbourne (held 11 times between 2000 and 2010). Since 2011 the final of the Sussex Senior Cup has been played at the Falmer Stadium in Brighton.\n Passage 3:The world tour to support the album began in June 2016 in Europe with a festival tour. The band's headlining tour to support the album will begin in September 2016 in Europe and continue into 2017 throughout the United States and Canada. \"Dark Necessities\", \"Go Robot\", \"Sick Love\" and \"This Ticonderoga\" made their live debuts in May 2016. \"The Getaway\" had actually been teased during their performances of \"Give It Away\" at Ace Hotel for the Feel The Bern Benefit Concert in Los Angeles, CA in February 5, 2016, and at Super Bowl 50 party in San Francisco, CA back in February 2016, however, it went unknown until the band released the song on May 26, 2016. The song would first be performed in its entirety on May 29, 2016. \"We Turn Red\" became the sixth song from the album to be performed live making its debut on June 10, 2016. \"The Longest Wave\" made its live debut on June 14, 2016 at a promotional show in Paris. \"Detroit\" made its live debut on June 29, 2016 at the Roskilde Festival. On July 1, 2016, the Live In Paris EP was released exclusively through the music streaming website Deezer. It features five songs from the band's performance of June 14, 2016 in Paris. \"Goodbye Angels\" made its live debut on July 10, 2016. \"Dreams of a Samurai\" made its live debut on July 24, 2016 at the Fuji Rock Festival in Japan. \"Feasting on the Flowers\" premiered in Oslo, Norway on September 8, 2016.\"Encore\" was finally performed on April 24, 2017 in Jacksonville, FL making \"The Hunter\" the only song to not be performed yet from the album. The tour concluded on October 18, 2017 lasting a year and almost five months and consisted of 151 shows. The tour placed 32nd on Pollstar's year-end top 100 worldwide tours list for 2016, grossing a total of $46.2 million, and it finished as the 18th highest grossing worldwide tour in 2017 grossing $73.5 million.\n"
]
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What were the combined ages of Jack Lang and Ted Kinsella the year that Cecil Monro defeated Kinsella in an election? Passage 1:After an early career as a child actor, as a young adult Michael underwent a string of TV work, theatre shows and singing engagements, before getting his higher education BFA degree attending The Conservatory of Theatre Arts program at Webster University in St. Louis, MO. While in college, he went on to be the standby for the legendary Ben Vereen on the international tour of Fosse from 2003 to 2004. He then joined the 1st National US tour of Mamma Mia! from 2004 to 2005. In 2005, he made his Broadway debut in 2005 in the musical All Shook Up. He appeared off-Broadway opposite Donna McKechnie in Here's to the Public. In 2006, after a short stint in Disney's Tarzan on Broadway, he reprised his Mamma Mia! role of Eddie in the Broadway production. In 2007, he was in the original Broadway company for Boublil and Schönberg's new musical The Pirate Queen. In 2008, he was a part of the concert cast of at Carnegie Hall and very shortly afterwards went on to originate Barry Nelson in the Las Vegas production of Jersey Boys. He returned to Broadway in 2009 in a revival of Hair, continuing on to the West End production the following year, for which he was also associate choreographer. At the end of that year, he returned to Broadway in the original cast of , until it closed in 2011. He then played Dr. Gostwana in the original Broadway company of The Book of Mormon. During his time in Book of Mormon, he took a short break to play Donkey in Shrek the Musical at the prestigious MUNY of St. Louis before finally leaving Mormon in 2013. He joined the original Broadway company of Disney's Aladdin musical as the Genie standby. In 2015, he left to originate the Minstrel in Something Rotten! on Broadway.\n Passage 2:The final of the Sussex Senior Cup was held at Preston Park in Brighton for the first four competitions, from 1883 to 1886. It was then held at the County Cricket Ground in Hove for 18 editions of the cup, with the exception of the 1891 season, which was held on a league basis. In 1906 the first cup final took place to have been played at the Goldstone Ground in Hove. At the time the Goldstone Ground was the home stadium of Brighton and Hove Albion, which for some time was Sussex's only professional football club. The Goldstone Ground was known to have hosted the final of the Sussex Senior Cup a record 55 times between 1906 and 1995. Other stadiums to have hosted the Susssex Senior Cup include The Dripping Pan in Lewes (held 14 times between 1920 and 1947), The Trafalgar Ground in Newhaven (held twice in 1931 and 1932), Woodside Road in Worthing (held 7 times between 1934 and 1997), The Saffrons in Eastbourne (held once in 1936), Queen Street in Horsham (held once in 1949), Broadfield Stadium in Crawley (held twice in 1998 and 1999) and Priory Lane in Eastbourne (held 11 times between 2000 and 2010). Since 2011 the final of the Sussex Senior Cup has been played at the Falmer Stadium in Brighton.\n Passage 3:After two unsuccessful attempts, Monro was elected to the New South Wales Parliament as the United Australia Party member for Georges River. He defeated the sitting Labor member Ted Kinsella at the 1932 landslide that swept away the government of Jack Lang. Monro retained the seat until the 1941 election, when his defeat by Labor's Arthur Williams contributed to the fall of the conservative coalition government of Bertram Stevens. Monro re-entered parliament as the Liberal member for the new seat of Sutherland at the 1950 state election. In a result which had a major influence on the course of Australian history, he defeated the Labor candidate Gough Whitlam. Whitlam subsequently turned his attention to Federal politics and became the Prime Minister of Australia between 1972 and 1975. Monro was defeated at the next election in 1953 and retired from public life. He did not hold a ministerial, party or parliamentary position.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Which season did Lawson win the most races? Passage 1:When the Northern Yuan Chahar Borjigin Mongol Khan Ejei Khan surrendered to the Qing, he was given the title of Prince of the first rank (Qin Wang, 親王), a title he held until his death in 1661, and inherited by his younger brother Abunai (阿布奈). Abunai openly showed his discontent toward the Manchu and he was put under house arrest in Shenyang by the Kangxi Emperor in 1669 and his imperial title / rank was given to his son Borni (布尔尼) in September of that same year. Borni (布尔尼) was careful to not show any sign of disrespecting the Qing Dynasty, but finally in 1675, he suddenly rebelled along with his younger brother Lubuzung (罗布藏), capitalizing on the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. However, they had made a serious miscalculation in wrongfully believing that other Mongols would join them, when in reality only three thousand Chahar (Mongols) joined the rebellion. It only took a single decisive battle on April 20, 1675 to defeat Abunai (阿布奈) and his followers, who were all killed subsequently in their retreat. The Qing Dynasty's punishment of the rebellion was very harsh: all royal males of Chahar (Mongols) were executed, including infants born to Qing / Manchu princesses, and all royal females of Chahar (Mongols) were sold to slavery except these Qing / Manchu princesses.\n Passage 2:In 1967 at the start of the governorship of Ronald Reagan one of Reagan's first actions was to fire Nelson from her state government post at the Consumer Counsel. Nelson said that this was because she was disliked by Reagan's supporters, including the California Grocer's Association and the California Manufacturers' Association. After this she became elected president of the Consumer Federation of California. She served also on the board of Consumers Union, and would be re-elected for a total of five three-year terms on that board. From 1969-1979 served as a professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin. During this time she also served as a public governor for the American Stock Exchange. In 1968 after 15 years of work her lobbying had contributed to the passing of the Truth in Lending Act. She served two terms as president of the Consumer Federation of America from 1972-1982. She was the consumer consultant to the Office of Technology Assessment and the National Academy of Science. She petitioned the National Academy of Science to recognize the research showing saccharin as a cancer-causing agent and fluorocarbons as causing ozone depletion. In 1978 President Jimmy Carter appointed Nelson to the President's Export Council. Also in 1978 the American Council on Consumer Interests recognized her as a \"Distinguished Fellow\". In 1979 after the 1977 death of her husband Nelson returned to Mill Valley, California. There she was appointed to the Consumer Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the consumer advisory panel for Pacific Bell, and the San Francisco chapter of Consumer Action. At this time she said that her worst fear for the future was \"That consumers will become like the feudal people of old times. That they will be so tied to a VISA card that they are not whole people. That they will be easily manipulated by the television and sellers, that they will do what is suggested to them instead of what comes from their own spirit.\"\n Passage 3:Lawson accepted an offer from Yamaha to contest the 500cc World Championship as Kenny Roberts' teammate for the 1983 season. Lawson spent the 1983 season learning the ropes of the Grand Prix circuit. In 1984, Lawson began winning regularly and won the 1984 World Championship. It would mark the first of four world titles Lawson would go on to win. In 1985, he won the prestigious Imola 200 pre-season race. After winning two more titles for Yamaha in 1986 and 1988, Lawson shocked the racing world by announcing he would be leaving Yamaha to sign with their arch-rivals Rothmans Honda as teammate to his own archrival, Australia's 1987 World Champion Wayne Gardner. By switching teams, Lawson also fulfilled his desire to work with Erv Kanemoto. After Gardner crashed and broke his leg during the third round at Laguna Seca, Lawson went on to win the 1989 title for Honda, becoming the first rider to win back-to-back championships on machines from different manufacturers. By winning with both Yamaha and Honda, Lawson silenced his critics who believed he would not be as successful away from the factory Marlboro Yamaha team.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How many championships had Lawson's archrival and later teammate win? Passage 1:When the Northern Yuan Chahar Borjigin Mongol Khan Ejei Khan surrendered to the Qing, he was given the title of Prince of the first rank (Qin Wang, 親王), a title he held until his death in 1661, and inherited by his younger brother Abunai (阿布奈). Abunai openly showed his discontent toward the Manchu and he was put under house arrest in Shenyang by the Kangxi Emperor in 1669 and his imperial title / rank was given to his son Borni (布尔尼) in September of that same year. Borni (布尔尼) was careful to not show any sign of disrespecting the Qing Dynasty, but finally in 1675, he suddenly rebelled along with his younger brother Lubuzung (罗布藏), capitalizing on the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. However, they had made a serious miscalculation in wrongfully believing that other Mongols would join them, when in reality only three thousand Chahar (Mongols) joined the rebellion. It only took a single decisive battle on April 20, 1675 to defeat Abunai (阿布奈) and his followers, who were all killed subsequently in their retreat. The Qing Dynasty's punishment of the rebellion was very harsh: all royal males of Chahar (Mongols) were executed, including infants born to Qing / Manchu princesses, and all royal females of Chahar (Mongols) were sold to slavery except these Qing / Manchu princesses.\n Passage 2:In 1967 at the start of the governorship of Ronald Reagan one of Reagan's first actions was to fire Nelson from her state government post at the Consumer Counsel. Nelson said that this was because she was disliked by Reagan's supporters, including the California Grocer's Association and the California Manufacturers' Association. After this she became elected president of the Consumer Federation of California. She served also on the board of Consumers Union, and would be re-elected for a total of five three-year terms on that board. From 1969-1979 served as a professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin. During this time she also served as a public governor for the American Stock Exchange. In 1968 after 15 years of work her lobbying had contributed to the passing of the Truth in Lending Act. She served two terms as president of the Consumer Federation of America from 1972-1982. She was the consumer consultant to the Office of Technology Assessment and the National Academy of Science. She petitioned the National Academy of Science to recognize the research showing saccharin as a cancer-causing agent and fluorocarbons as causing ozone depletion. In 1978 President Jimmy Carter appointed Nelson to the President's Export Council. Also in 1978 the American Council on Consumer Interests recognized her as a \"Distinguished Fellow\". In 1979 after the 1977 death of her husband Nelson returned to Mill Valley, California. There she was appointed to the Consumer Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the consumer advisory panel for Pacific Bell, and the San Francisco chapter of Consumer Action. At this time she said that her worst fear for the future was \"That consumers will become like the feudal people of old times. That they will be so tied to a VISA card that they are not whole people. That they will be easily manipulated by the television and sellers, that they will do what is suggested to them instead of what comes from their own spirit.\"\n Passage 3:Lawson accepted an offer from Yamaha to contest the 500cc World Championship as Kenny Roberts' teammate for the 1983 season. Lawson spent the 1983 season learning the ropes of the Grand Prix circuit. In 1984, Lawson began winning regularly and won the 1984 World Championship. It would mark the first of four world titles Lawson would go on to win. In 1985, he won the prestigious Imola 200 pre-season race. After winning two more titles for Yamaha in 1986 and 1988, Lawson shocked the racing world by announcing he would be leaving Yamaha to sign with their arch-rivals Rothmans Honda as teammate to his own archrival, Australia's 1987 World Champion Wayne Gardner. By switching teams, Lawson also fulfilled his desire to work with Erv Kanemoto. After Gardner crashed and broke his leg during the third round at Laguna Seca, Lawson went on to win the 1989 title for Honda, becoming the first rider to win back-to-back championships on machines from different manufacturers. By winning with both Yamaha and Honda, Lawson silenced his critics who believed he would not be as successful away from the factory Marlboro Yamaha team.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What other teammates had Roberts had before partnering with Lawson? Passage 1:When the Northern Yuan Chahar Borjigin Mongol Khan Ejei Khan surrendered to the Qing, he was given the title of Prince of the first rank (Qin Wang, 親王), a title he held until his death in 1661, and inherited by his younger brother Abunai (阿布奈). Abunai openly showed his discontent toward the Manchu and he was put under house arrest in Shenyang by the Kangxi Emperor in 1669 and his imperial title / rank was given to his son Borni (布尔尼) in September of that same year. Borni (布尔尼) was careful to not show any sign of disrespecting the Qing Dynasty, but finally in 1675, he suddenly rebelled along with his younger brother Lubuzung (罗布藏), capitalizing on the Revolt of the Three Feudatories. However, they had made a serious miscalculation in wrongfully believing that other Mongols would join them, when in reality only three thousand Chahar (Mongols) joined the rebellion. It only took a single decisive battle on April 20, 1675 to defeat Abunai (阿布奈) and his followers, who were all killed subsequently in their retreat. The Qing Dynasty's punishment of the rebellion was very harsh: all royal males of Chahar (Mongols) were executed, including infants born to Qing / Manchu princesses, and all royal females of Chahar (Mongols) were sold to slavery except these Qing / Manchu princesses.\n Passage 2:Lawson accepted an offer from Yamaha to contest the 500cc World Championship as Kenny Roberts' teammate for the 1983 season. Lawson spent the 1983 season learning the ropes of the Grand Prix circuit. In 1984, Lawson began winning regularly and won the 1984 World Championship. It would mark the first of four world titles Lawson would go on to win. In 1985, he won the prestigious Imola 200 pre-season race. After winning two more titles for Yamaha in 1986 and 1988, Lawson shocked the racing world by announcing he would be leaving Yamaha to sign with their arch-rivals Rothmans Honda as teammate to his own archrival, Australia's 1987 World Champion Wayne Gardner. By switching teams, Lawson also fulfilled his desire to work with Erv Kanemoto. After Gardner crashed and broke his leg during the third round at Laguna Seca, Lawson went on to win the 1989 title for Honda, becoming the first rider to win back-to-back championships on machines from different manufacturers. By winning with both Yamaha and Honda, Lawson silenced his critics who believed he would not be as successful away from the factory Marlboro Yamaha team.\n Passage 3:In 1967 at the start of the governorship of Ronald Reagan one of Reagan's first actions was to fire Nelson from her state government post at the Consumer Counsel. Nelson said that this was because she was disliked by Reagan's supporters, including the California Grocer's Association and the California Manufacturers' Association. After this she became elected president of the Consumer Federation of California. She served also on the board of Consumers Union, and would be re-elected for a total of five three-year terms on that board. From 1969-1979 served as a professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin. During this time she also served as a public governor for the American Stock Exchange. In 1968 after 15 years of work her lobbying had contributed to the passing of the Truth in Lending Act. She served two terms as president of the Consumer Federation of America from 1972-1982. She was the consumer consultant to the Office of Technology Assessment and the National Academy of Science. She petitioned the National Academy of Science to recognize the research showing saccharin as a cancer-causing agent and fluorocarbons as causing ozone depletion. In 1978 President Jimmy Carter appointed Nelson to the President's Export Council. Also in 1978 the American Council on Consumer Interests recognized her as a \"Distinguished Fellow\". In 1979 after the 1977 death of her husband Nelson returned to Mill Valley, California. There she was appointed to the Consumer Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, the consumer advisory panel for Pacific Bell, and the San Francisco chapter of Consumer Action. At this time she said that her worst fear for the future was \"That consumers will become like the feudal people of old times. That they will be so tied to a VISA card that they are not whole people. That they will be easily manipulated by the television and sellers, that they will do what is suggested to them instead of what comes from their own spirit.\"\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Which team won the 2010 AFC Championship Game? Passage 1:Pyburn was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and attended Ensley High School. He signed with the Orioles for a reported $30,000 bonus after starring in baseball and football at Auburn University. As a \"bonus baby,\" Pyburn had to be kept on Baltimore's 25-man Major League roster for the first two years of his professional career. Initially a third baseman, he was abruptly shifted to the outfield by Baltimore GM/field manager Paul Richards. In , his sophomore season for the Orioles, Pyburn appeared in a career-high 84 games, 64 in center field, but he batted only .173 in 156 at bats. He was sent to minor league baseball during the middle of the 1957 season and retired from professional baseball after the 1958 season. All told, Pyburn collected 56 hits in 294 MLB at bats, including five doubles and five triples.\n Passage 2:In 1995, Tony was selected to become a member of the NFL officiating staff as a back judge (the title was changed to field judge in 1998) before being promoted to referee at the beginning of the 1998 NFL season. In his three seasons as a back judge, he worked two playoff games including the 1997 NFC Championship Game. Tony also officiated in NFL Europe working the World Bowl in both 1995 (Back Judge) and 1998 (Referee). In 1998, he became a referee after Dale Hamer returned to the head linesman (now down judge) position and Gary Lane returned to the side judge position. Corrente worked the NFC Championship Game in 2001 between the Minnesota Vikings and New York Giants at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey and the 2010 AFC Championship Game between the New York Jets and the Indianapolis Colts at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis. Since joining the NFL in 1995, Corrente has been involved in 13 post-season assignments including 3 AFC/NFC Championships and as the alternate Referee in Super Bowls XL and 50 and as Referee in Super Bowl XLI between the Chicago Bears and the Indianapolis Colts.\n Passage 3:Matthews' List A debut for Devon came against Hertfordshire in the 1st round of the 1969 Gillette Cup. From 1969 to 1984, he played in 7 List A matches for Devon, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1st round of the 1984 NatWest Trophy. In his 7 List A matches for Devon, he scored 119 runs at a batting average of 17.00, with a single half century high score of 66. In 1974, he was selected to represent Minor Counties South in the 1974 Benson & Hedges Cup. He played a single match in the competition for team, against Somerset. He scored 6 runs in the match before being dismissed by Tom Cartwright.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Did the Patriots win the Super Bowl in 2004? Passage 1:Head coach Sean McDermott named Poyer the starting free safety to start the regular season, along with strong safety Micah Hyde. He started in the Buffalo Bills' season-opener against the New York Jets and recorded three combined tackles, two pass deflections, a sack, and intercepted a pass by Josh McCown in their 21–12 victory. The following week, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (seven solo) and three pass deflections during a 9–3 loss at the Carolina Panthers in Week 2. He was inactive for the Bills' Week 8 victory against the Oakland Raiders due to a knee injury. In Week 11, Poyer recorded a season-high eight solo tackles, three assisted tackles, and deflected a pass in the Bills' 54–24 loss at the Los Angeles Chargers. On December 24, 2017, Poyer recorded six combined tackles, broke up a pass, an interception, and a touchdown during a 37–16 loss at the New England Patriots in Week 16. He intercepted a pass by Tom Brady that was intended for Kenny Britt and returned it for a 19-yard touchdown in the second quarter to mark the first score of his career. He finished his first season with the Buffalo Bills with a 94 combined tackles (63 solo), 13 pass deflections, five interceptions, two sacks, and a touchdown in 15 games and 15 starts. He had a career-high in all five stat categories. Pro Football Focus gave Poyer an overall grade of 87.6, which was ranked the ninth highest grade among all qualifying safeties in 2017.\n Passage 2:Patricia joined the Patriots under head coach Bill Belichick as an offensive coaching assistant in 2004. In 2005, upon the departure of assistant offensive line/tight ends coach Jeff Davidson, Patricia was reassigned as the Patriots' assistant offensive line coach. Then-linebackers coach Dean Pees was promoted to defensive coordinator after the season, prompting another reassignment for Patricia, this time to linebackers coach for the 2006 season. Patricia was named the team's safeties coach in 2011. In 2012, he was promoted to the title of defensive coordinator, though he had been calling the plays on defense since the departure of Pees following the 2009 season. In January 2016, the Patriots gave permission for Patricia to interview for the head-coaching position of the Cleveland Browns, but Patricia would remain with the Patriots as defensive coordinator going into the 2016 season. The Patriots won three Super Bowls with Patricia: Super Bowl XXXIX at the end of the 2004 season, Super Bowl XLIX at the end of the 2014 season, and Super Bowl LI at the end of the 2016 season. On January 1, 2018 (NFL Black Monday), it was revealed that Patricia was the subject of the Detroit Lions' and New York Giants' head coaching searches. \n Passage 3:According to historians William Cleveland and Martin Bunton, Beirut became an international banking center because of its “laissez-faire economic system”. Business owners from Cairo, Damascus, and Baghdad moved to Beirut for economic opportunities. Despite Lebanon’s cultural liberalism and economic prosperity, sectarian tensions remained as citizens identified themselves through their sects. With Muslims calling for greater representation and with Cold War tensions, Lebanese leadership had to decide whether to ally with the West or with Egypt, Syria and its Arab history. Christians wanted to continue alliances with the West but Muslims were drawn to Nasser's pan-Arabism. Multiple factors including sectarian tensions and Palestinian refugee settlement in southern Lebanon contributed to the beginnings of the Lebanese Civil War. In 1976, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad sent troops into Lebanon to fight PLO forces on behalf of Christian militias. This led to escalated fighting until a cease-fire agreement later that year that allowed for the stationing of Syrian troops within Lebanon. The Syrian presence in Lebanon quickly changed sides; soon after they entered Lebanon they had flip-flopped and began to fight the Christian nationalists in Lebanon they allegedly entered the country to protect. The Kateab Party and the Lebanese Forces under Bachir Gemayel strongly resisted the Syrians in Lebanon. Following the Israeli invasion into Lebanon in 1982, new Lebanese President Amine Gemayel sought the support of Syrian troops to stabilize the region. Syria fought Israeli troops after the latter's invasion of Lebanon.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who did the Ravens beat in the Super Bowl in the year they bweat the Raiders? Passage 1:Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999, and leapt out of last place in the AFC West. After uniting with journeyman quarterback Rich Gannon, Gruden led the Raiders to the top of the AFC West and they made the playoffs in three consecutive seasons from 2000 to 2002 (the third season was under head coach Bill Callahan). Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful season in a decade, and its first division title since 1990, ultimately reaching the , where they lost, 16–3, to the eventual Super Bowl champions Baltimore Ravens. In 2001, the Raiders would return to the postseason with a 10–6 record, but in the AFC Divisional Round a negated fumble proved costly as they were defeated, 16–13, in overtime by the eventual Super Bowl champions New England Patriots. While Gruden was with the Raiders, Gruden acquired his nickname \"Chucky\" from Raiders defensive lineman Grady Jackson, who thought that the coach looked like the fictional character \"Chucky\" in the 1988 slasher movie Child's Play.\n Passage 2:Sinka began his military career as a familiaris of his maternal uncle George Baksa. In this capacity, he participated in King Andrew's royal campaign against Albert of Austria in the summer of 1291. According to his uncle's donation letter from 1299, Sinka bravely fought under the city walls of Vienna. He seriously injured during these clashes, as Andrew's privilege charter from 1300 narrates. He remained in the service of the Baksas for the following years. According to two documents issued by later family members in 1314 and 1317, a certain \"Bohemian potentate\" Wytk, who resided in Sáros Castle (present-day Šariš in Slovakia), invaded George Baksa's seat Sóvár (today Solivar, a borough of Prešov in Slovakia) and seized its salt well. Sinka led a military unit and successfully recovered the estate, while captured Wytk and burned the Bohemian lord's nearby fort. The 1317 charter contradicts this and narrates that Sinka already prevented Wytk from occupying the salt well. Some historians considered that the events occurred sometime between 1301 and 1305, during the brief reign of Wenceslaus, who installed his Bohemian partisans to several castles in Northeast Hungary. For a number of reasons, however, historian Attila Zsoldos argued the events occurred still during the reign of Andrew III and put the date to sometime before July 1294. In that year, Andrew confiscated Tamási in Szepes County (today Spišské Tomášovce in Slovakia) from George Baksa and his brothers because of their \"disloyalty\", as they \"ravaged the realm\" and \"captured and wounded\" Wytk, the royal castellan of Sáros. Zsoldos identified the castellan with Wytk Ludány, who came from a kindred of Bohemian origin, as Simon of Kéza's Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum preserved. The historian suggested that Wytk unlawfully tried to extend his influence over Sóvár by abusing the power of his position, but George Baksa and his nephew Sinka successfully repulsed the attack. Andrew III, whose whole reign was characterized by the confrontations with the oligarchs, regarded this act as a treachery without consideration of all aspects.\n Passage 3:Four days before the end of the Second World War, undefended Bergen was occupied by the Red Army on 4 May 1945. After the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was founded, the new government pressed ahead with further industrialization. In 1952, construction began on the industrial area on the town's western outskirts. From 1953 to 1958, the dairy was established, which furnished 300 tonnes of milk daily. In 1955/1956 came the establishment of the VEB Brot- und Backwaren (Bread and Baked Goods). In 1957/1958, the slaughterhouse and meat plant went into production. An efficient food industry was set up in Bergen, supplied from the island and parts of the mainland. Since Reunification and East Germany's accession into the Federal Republic, the town has undergone a number of marked changes. The population dwindled from its former level of almost 20,000 to 16,500. Many prefabricated concrete structures, common in the former Warsaw Pact countries, were modernized and adapted to new demands. In addition, a few schools were closed and new hotels built. Historical downtown was completely renovated and decorated, giving it a new appeal.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Of the band Fanny's first two albums, which had the longer total run time? Passage 1:Perry produced the band's first three albums, beginning with Fanny in 1970. Because of the connection to Perry and Reprise Records, Barclay was invited to tour with Joe Cocker as a backing singer, and consequently appeared on the album Mad Dogs and Englishmen. The group's cover of Cream's \"Badge\" from the first album had significant radio airplay. The follow-up album, Charity Ball was released the following year, and its title track reached #40 on the Billboard Hot 100. The members of Fanny also worked as session musicians, and played on Barbra Streisand's 1971 album Barbra Joan Streisand, after Streisand had wanted to record with a small band. The group continued to pick up well-known fans; David Bowie sent the group a letter admiring their work and invited the band to a post-show party where he showed them mime techniques. With young engineer Leslie Ann Jones as their road manager and live sound mixer, Fanny toured worldwide, opening for Slade, Jethro Tull and Humble Pie, gaining widespread popularity in the United Kingdom. A 1971 article in Sounds remarked that the group \"seems that they are the support group to everyone these days\". The group made several live television appearances during tours, including The Sonny and Cher Show, American Bandstand, The Old Grey Whistle Test and Beat-Club.\n Passage 2:Adeboyejo made contributions in twelve games of his junior season with the Rebels. In the season opener against UT Martin at home, he had a 15-yard touchdown reception from Chad Kelly in the 76-3 victory over the Skyhawks. The next week, he had a career day against Fresno State in a 73-21 home victory. He had five receptions for 120 yards and three touchdowns. The three touchdowns were a 16-yard reception, 50-yard reception, and a 44-yard reception from Chad Kelly. The next game for the Rebels would be against Alabama. In the third quarter of the game, Chad Kelly fielded a bad snap and threw the ball high in the air in an attempt to get the ball to wide receiver Laquon Treadwell in double coverage. The ball bounced off of Treadwell and the two Alabama defenders into the hands of Adeboyejo, who took the pass 66 yards for a touchdown. The touchdown was vital in the Rebels' 43-37 upset victory over the Crimson Tide at Bryant–Denny Stadium. On October 17, against Memphis at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium, he caught a 68-yard touchdown from Treadwell on a trick play. The Rebels would lose to the Tigers in a 37-24 upset though. Against Arkansas in a 53-52 overtime defeat at home, he had a crucial 18-yard touchdown reception from Chad Kelly in the fourth quarter to give Ole Miss a late lead in the game, which did not hold. Against Oklahoma State in the 2016 Sugar Bowl at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, he was held to one reception for 23 yards in the 48-20 victory. Overall, in his junior season, Adeboyejo had 38 receptions for 604 yards and seven touchdowns.\n Passage 3:Forshaw joined Brentford permanently on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee in May 2012. He scored the first professional goal of his career in a 1–0 victory over Oldham Athletic on 22 September 2012. Forshaw received the first red card of his career after picking up a second yellow card in a 2–1 league victory over Crawley Town on 26 February 2013. After Brentford missed out on automatic promotion to the Championship following a 1–0 defeat to Doncaster Rovers, it was Forshaw who scored the winning penalty in the playoff semi-final shoot-out against Swindon Town to send the Bees to the final. Forshaw played in the final against Yeovil Town at Wembley Stadium, but a 2–1 defeat consigned Brentford to another season in League One. He made 53 appearances during the 2012–13 season and scored three goals.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What other albums did Yes release between 1971 and 1991? Passage 1:Hot on the heels of the huge success of CSNY and Led Zeppelin, British band Yes rapidly established themselves as one of the leading groups in the burgeoning progressive rock genre, and their success also played a significant part in establishing the primacy of the long-playing album as the major sales format for rock music in the 1970s. After several lineup changes during 1969–70, the band settled into its \"classic\" incarnation, with guitarist Steve Howe and keyboard player Rick Wakeman, who both joined during 1971. Although the extended length of much of their material made it somewhat difficult to promote the band with single releases, their live prowess gained them an avid following and their albums were hugely successful – their third LP The Yes Album (1971), which featured the debut of new guitarist Steve Howe, became their first big hit, reaching #4 in the UK and just scraping onto the chart in the US at #40. From this point, and notwithstanding the impact of the punk/new wave movement in the late 1970s, the band enjoyed an extraordinary run of success—beginning with their fourth album Fragile, each of the eleven albums they released between 1971 and 1991 (including the lavishly packaged live triple-album Yessongs) made the Top 20 in the US and the UK, and the double-LP Tales of Topographic Oceans (1973) and Going For The One (1977) both reached #1 in the UK.\n Passage 2:Born the son of James Drummond, 10th Viscount Strathallan, and educated at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth, Drummond was promoted to lieutenant in 1906. He served in World War I as second in command of the cruiser HMS Caroline from 1914 and then as an officer in the cruiser HMS Cardiff from 1917. He was appointed Commanding Officer of the cruiser HMS Capetown in 1927, Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth in 1930 and Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief American and West Indies Station before becoming Commander-in-Chief of the New Zealand Division in 1935. He served in World War II as Captain of the Dockyard at Portland from August 1939 and as Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth from 1942 until September 1945 when he retired.\n Passage 3:Ellwood graduated from Duntroon in 1990 and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. His early career included postings as a platoon commander in the 2nd/4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and as an instructor in field training and tactics at Duntroon, before he was seconded to the British Army from 1998 for a two-year exchange with the Irish Guards, then stationed in Germany. During the secondment he deployed as part of the NATO intervention in the Kosovo War in 1999, serving as second-in-command of an armoured infantry company in the King's Royal Hussars Battle Group. For his service in Kosovo, Ellwood was awarded a Commander British Forces Commendation. He returned to Australia as a company commander and operations officer in the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5/7RAR). Ellwood commanded B Company on operations in East Timor from October 1999 to April 2000, when 5/7RAR deployed with the International Force East Timor.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Between Young's 1969 album and his 1970 album, which sold more copies? Passage 1:He re-found his scoring form in the third tier scoring 16 times 1978–79 and seven times in 1979–80. He moved to Portsmouth in December 1980 and his six goals helped \"Pompey\" gain promotion to the Third Division. He scored 15 goals in 1980–81 but he failed to find the target in 1981–82 and left for Welsh side Wrexham. He scored just five goals in 1982–83 as the \"Dragons\" suffered relegation to the Fourth Division. Wrexham had a poor 1983–84 season as they finished in 20th position but Gregory scored a career best of 20 goals and helped Wrexham to win the Welsh Cup which at the time allowed entrance into European competitions. He played in both legs as Fourth Division Wrexham over came Portuguese club FC Porto but Italian side AS Roma proved too strong. He remained at Wrexham until the summer of 1986 and ended his career at with a season at his first club Peterborough United.\n Passage 2:Members of this band had already released an album in 1968 as The Rockets, and had appeared on record twice with Neil Young as Crazy Horse. The core trio from the Rockets, Danny Whitten, Billy Talbot, and Ralph Molina, provided instrumental backing for Young's 1969 album Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, and performed on some songs from Young's 1970 album After the Gold Rush. Producer/keyboardist Jack Nitzsche, who had been a member of Phil Spector's Wrecking Crew and played on records by The Rolling Stones, had worked with Young on his debut album and on tracks for Buffalo Springfield. He was drafted into Crazy Horse to back up Young on their short tour in early 1970. During sessions for Gold Rush, they met teenage guitar prodigy Nils Lofgren, who joined the band in time for this album, picking up a contract with Reprise Records after the exposure garnered from their association with Young.\n Passage 3:Bundy was born in Malmö, Sweden, the son of Håkan Bundy and his wife Märta (née Thorell). When he was two-year-old Bundy suffered from polio - infantile paralysis. Then there was still no vaccine. He was lucky, a nerve in one calf was infected, while a two-year girl in his circle of friends, who also had the disease, died. He received a Candidate of Law degree from Lund University in 1946 and served at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1948 and 1953. Bundy served in Prague in 1949, Paris in 1950, Canberra in 1957, Cairo in 1958 and Tehran in 1960. He was first secretary at the Foreign Ministry in 1960, director in 1963 and the acting chargé d'affaires in Nicosia in 1964. Bundy was commercial counsellor at the embassy in Washington, D.C. in 1965, deputy director at the Foreign Ministry in 1971 and embassy counsellor in Helsinki in 1972. He was ambassador in Kuwait City, Doha, Manama and Abu Dhabi from 1977 to 1980 and in Tehran from 1980 to 1985. Bundy served in the Foreign Ministry in Stockholm from 1985 to 1986.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What are the names of the other teams in the AFC North division? Passage 1:On October 13, 2000 El Oriental defeated Super Crazy to win the UWA World Welterweight Championship, his first AAA promoted championship ever. He held the title until early 2001 when he was forced to vacate the title after being injured during a match. After recovering from his injury El Oriental participated in the 2002 Rey de Reyes tournament, but was eliminated by Cibernético in the opening round. At Triplemania X he was one of six wrestlers who participated in the main event. Each of the six wrestlers bet the hair of a referee on the outcome of the match. El Oriental represented referee Hijo del Tirantes in the match, but was not involved in the finish of the match as Heavy Metal pinned Sangre Chicana. Between late 2002 and mid-2003 El Oriental suffered various injuries that kept him out of the ring for long stretches of time. At the 2003 Guerra de Titanes Cynthia Moreno, El Oriental, Mascarita Sagrada and Pimpinela Escarlata defeated Faby Apache, Gran Apache, Mini Abismo Negro and Polvo de Estrellas in a Relevos Atómicos de locura match (Spanish for \"Eight-man madness match\"), a match that featured two teams of four, each composed of a male wrestler, a female wrestler, an Exótico wrestler and a Mini-Estrella In the mid-2004 El Oriental's sister Cynthia started a storyline feud with the Apache family, primarily Faby Apache and Gran Apache that would last until 2009. On August 1, 2004 Cynthia and El Oriéntal unsuccessfully challenged for the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship, losing to Gran Apache and Faby Apache. The teams would subsequently clash on several occasions, with the Apaches managing to retain the mixed titles each time. In 2005 the Apaches were forced to vacate the Mixed tag team titles, after which AAA held a tournament to crown new champions. Cynthia and El Oriéntal defeated Gran Apache and Tiffany in the semi-final and then defeated Chessman and La Diabólica in a one night tournament at Verano de Escandalo to become the new AAA World Mixed Tag Team Champions. Over the next 779 days Cynthia and El Oriéntal would repeatedly defend the Mixed tag team titles, including defending them on various independent shows. Their reign would come to an end in November, 2007 when they were forced to vacate the championship when Cynthia suffered an injury and was unable to defend the titles. While Cynthia was recuperating from an injury Gran Apache and Mari Apache won the vacant title as well as turning técnicos (good guys) in the process. When Cynthia returned to the ring she and her brother turned rudo (bad guy) when they attacked Gran and Mari Apache after a successful title defense. At the 2008 Verano de Escandalo Oriental and Cynthia Apache regained the AAA World Mix Tag Team Championship from the Apaches, making them the only team to have held the title twice. The Dinastia Moreno's second reign with the tag team titles turned out to be as active as their first, in fact El Oriental once claimed they defended the titles around 150 times, although records do not support such a claim. In mid-2009 Cynthia began appearing less and less on AAA shows, leaving El Oriental free to team up with Kenzo Suzuki and Sugi San to form a trio called La Yakuza, after the Japanese Mafia. The team started out with a series of victories, but were defeated by Los Psycho Circus at the 2009 Verano de Escandalo. Following the event Sugi San left AAA and La Yakuza disbanded. In the fall of 2009 both Cynthia and El Oriéntal left AAA, losing the Mixed Tag Team title to Faby Apache and Aero Star as their last match for AAA.\n Passage 2:To create the hip-hop and rock fusions on the album, Jimmy Pop utilized the standard hip hop technique of sampling. The chorus for \"Fire Water Burn\" is taken from \"The Roof Is on Fire\" by Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three and also features the lyrics 'I am white like Frank Black is / So if man is five and the devil is six then that must make me seven / This honkey's gone to heaven,' a direct reference to the post-1993 stage name of Black Francis who wrote the Pixies song \"Monkey Gone to Heaven\" to which the lyrics allude. \"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' On Me?\" is built around a re-recorded sample of \"Spooky\", by Mike Sharpe as performed by Classics IV and also features a small lift from the Bill Cosby track \"Greasy Kid Stuff.\" Finally, the track \"Your Only Friends Are Make Believe\" features a chorus melody lifted from the Duran Duran song \"Hungry Like the Wolf.\" \"Lift Your Head Up High (And Blow Your Brains Out)\" is built around a sample from \"Get Up and Boogie\" by the Silver Convention.\n Passage 3:The Pittsburgh Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in 1933, the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC; seven franchises in the National Football Conference (NFC) have longer tenures in the NFL. The team struggled to be competitive in its early history, posting winning records in just 8 of its first 39 seasons. Since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, however, it has appeared in eight Super Bowls and one of only two teams, along with the New England Patriots have won the Super Bowl six times. The six championships place the Steelers fourth in the league in terms of total championships (including those prior to the first Super Bowl), trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13 championships), the Chicago Bears (9) and the New York Giants (8). The club's 15 AFC Championship Game appearances are second all-time, behind the Patriots (16). In addition, they have hosted the second-most conference championship games (11) than any franchise in either conference, and are tied for second with the Dallas Cowboys and Denver Broncos with eight Super Bowl appearances; the Patriots currently hold the record of eleven appearances, as of 2019.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who won the championship that FC Makedonia was eliminated from due to a 0–3 defeat as a result of heir lack of possibility to travel for an away game? Passage 1:Smith toured in Japan first in July 2001. On June 7, 2003, Smith won the Pro Wrestling IRON Heavyweight Championship, by defeating Bart Blaxson, and held the title for nearly two years before he dropped it on April 28, 2005 to California wrestler Malachi. He competed for the International Wrestling Association (IWA) in Puerto Rico, where, on November 1, 2003, he defeated Glamour Boy Shane to win the IWA World Heavyweight Championship, which he held for over a month, before losing it back to Glamour Boy Shane. On July 16, 2004, he defeated Slash Venom to win the vacant IWA Hardcore Championship. He lost it later that month to Chet Jablonski. On September 25, 2004, Smith won the New Breed Wrestling Association's top championship, the NBWA Championship, when he and Morgan defeated B.J. Whitmer and ODB in a tag team match, where the person who won the pin, won the Championship. He competed sporadically for the next few months, and won the IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship from Glamour Boy Shane on November 20, 2005. He held the Championship for over a year, before losing it to Slash Venom on December 12, 2005 in a steel cage match.\n Passage 2:The earliest recorded blue diamond, the Hope Diamond, was discovered in India, in the Kollur mine in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh (which at the time was part of the Golconda kingdom), in the seventeenth century. However, blue diamonds have also been discovered in the Cullinan Mine in South Africa and the Golconda region. A few blue diamonds have been discovered in the Argyle Mine in Western Australia as well, and are offered at their annual Argyle Tender when they are found. It is thought that blue diamonds, unlike most other diamonds, are formed in the lower part of Earth’s mantle, and that the boron creating their blue color originates from serpentinite carried down to the mantle by subducting ocean tectonic plates.\n Passage 3:The season 1940–41 was interrumpted by the arrival of the Second World War and the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. Skopje, the city Građanski was based in, was the regional capital of the Vardarska banovina, the Southern-most banovina within Yugoslavia, and with the start of the war most of the region was incorporated into Axis-allied Bulgaria. The new Bulgarian authorities decided to merge several of the best clubs from Skopje, namely Građanski, SSK Skoplje, ŽSK, Pobeda Skoplje and Jug, into one which they named FC Makedonia. Most of the players of the new club were former Građanski players, including their coach, Hungarian Illés Spitz. They were immediately included in the 1941 Bulgarian State Football Championship. In the first round they faced Sportklub Plovdiv and they won 2–1 at home, but due to their lack of possibility to travel for the away game, they were attributed a 0–3 defeat, being that way eliminated. In the 1942 Bulgarian State Football Championship however, they entered much better prepared, and after taking revenge over Plovdiv in a single game win by 2–0, they qualified to the quarter-finals where they eliminated favorites ZhsK Sofia by a stunning result of 3–1 and 6–1. The semi-finals were played against Slavia Sofia, a team that by then had already been Bulgarian champion five times, and were the current title holders. Playing in Bulgarian capital Sofia where Slavia was playing at home, Makedonia shocked the audience by defeating the defending champions by 5–1. Slavia did its best in the second game, but their 3–0 win was not enough, and Makedonia qualified to the final with a 5–4 aggregate win. The final was played in two games, both in Sofia, against Levski. Both games were lost by Makedonia, the first one on 11 October 1942, by 0–2, and the second on 18 October, by 0–1. The hero and the scorer of all three goals was Bozhin Laskov. The fact that Levski didn't had to play the semi-finals may have contributed for their players to be much more fresh, while Makedonia players had arrived to the finals after playing many consecutive difficult games. Also, the fact that all games were played in Sofia where Makedonia's opponents were playing at home with large crowds of fans making pressure on the referee to favorize the home teams is often mentioned by Makedonia players, stuff and enthusiasts as reason why they didn't took the trophy to Skopje that season.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What is an Exotico wrester? Passage 1:On October 13, 2000 El Oriental defeated Super Crazy to win the UWA World Welterweight Championship, his first AAA promoted championship ever. He held the title until early 2001 when he was forced to vacate the title after being injured during a match. After recovering from his injury El Oriental participated in the 2002 Rey de Reyes tournament, but was eliminated by Cibernético in the opening round. At Triplemania X he was one of six wrestlers who participated in the main event. Each of the six wrestlers bet the hair of a referee on the outcome of the match. El Oriental represented referee Hijo del Tirantes in the match, but was not involved in the finish of the match as Heavy Metal pinned Sangre Chicana. Between late 2002 and mid-2003 El Oriental suffered various injuries that kept him out of the ring for long stretches of time. At the 2003 Guerra de Titanes Cynthia Moreno, El Oriental, Mascarita Sagrada and Pimpinela Escarlata defeated Faby Apache, Gran Apache, Mini Abismo Negro and Polvo de Estrellas in a Relevos Atómicos de locura match (Spanish for \"Eight-man madness match\"), a match that featured two teams of four, each composed of a male wrestler, a female wrestler, an Exótico wrestler and a Mini-Estrella In the mid-2004 El Oriental's sister Cynthia started a storyline feud with the Apache family, primarily Faby Apache and Gran Apache that would last until 2009. On August 1, 2004 Cynthia and El Oriéntal unsuccessfully challenged for the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship, losing to Gran Apache and Faby Apache. The teams would subsequently clash on several occasions, with the Apaches managing to retain the mixed titles each time. In 2005 the Apaches were forced to vacate the Mixed tag team titles, after which AAA held a tournament to crown new champions. Cynthia and El Oriéntal defeated Gran Apache and Tiffany in the semi-final and then defeated Chessman and La Diabólica in a one night tournament at Verano de Escandalo to become the new AAA World Mixed Tag Team Champions. Over the next 779 days Cynthia and El Oriéntal would repeatedly defend the Mixed tag team titles, including defending them on various independent shows. Their reign would come to an end in November, 2007 when they were forced to vacate the championship when Cynthia suffered an injury and was unable to defend the titles. While Cynthia was recuperating from an injury Gran Apache and Mari Apache won the vacant title as well as turning técnicos (good guys) in the process. When Cynthia returned to the ring she and her brother turned rudo (bad guy) when they attacked Gran and Mari Apache after a successful title defense. At the 2008 Verano de Escandalo Oriental and Cynthia Apache regained the AAA World Mix Tag Team Championship from the Apaches, making them the only team to have held the title twice. The Dinastia Moreno's second reign with the tag team titles turned out to be as active as their first, in fact El Oriental once claimed they defended the titles around 150 times, although records do not support such a claim. In mid-2009 Cynthia began appearing less and less on AAA shows, leaving El Oriental free to team up with Kenzo Suzuki and Sugi San to form a trio called La Yakuza, after the Japanese Mafia. The team started out with a series of victories, but were defeated by Los Psycho Circus at the 2009 Verano de Escandalo. Following the event Sugi San left AAA and La Yakuza disbanded. In the fall of 2009 both Cynthia and El Oriéntal left AAA, losing the Mixed Tag Team title to Faby Apache and Aero Star as their last match for AAA.\n Passage 2:To create the hip-hop and rock fusions on the album, Jimmy Pop utilized the standard hip hop technique of sampling. The chorus for \"Fire Water Burn\" is taken from \"The Roof Is on Fire\" by Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three and also features the lyrics 'I am white like Frank Black is / So if man is five and the devil is six then that must make me seven / This honkey's gone to heaven,' a direct reference to the post-1993 stage name of Black Francis who wrote the Pixies song \"Monkey Gone to Heaven\" to which the lyrics allude. \"Why's Everybody Always Pickin' On Me?\" is built around a re-recorded sample of \"Spooky\", by Mike Sharpe as performed by Classics IV and also features a small lift from the Bill Cosby track \"Greasy Kid Stuff.\" Finally, the track \"Your Only Friends Are Make Believe\" features a chorus melody lifted from the Duran Duran song \"Hungry Like the Wolf.\" \"Lift Your Head Up High (And Blow Your Brains Out)\" is built around a sample from \"Get Up and Boogie\" by the Silver Convention.\n Passage 3:Șerban Cioculescu (; 7 September 1902 – 25 June 1988) was a Romanian literary critic, literary historian and columnist, who held teaching positions in Romanian literature at the University of Iași and the University of Bucharest, as well as membership of the Romanian Academy and chairmanship of its Library. Often described as one of the most representative Romanian critics of the interwar period, he took part in the cultural debates of the age, and, as a left-wing sympathizer who supported secularism, was involved in extended polemics with the traditionalist, far right and nationalist press venues. From early on in his career, Cioculescu was also noted for his selective approach to literary modernism and the avant-garde, preferring to place his cultural references with Neoclassicism.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How long had ŠK Slovan Bratislava been a team when Laskov won his third championship with them? Passage 1:Keity Souza Santos is an immunologist working at the allergy and immunology department of the University of São Paulo's school of medicine. Santos stated that she was the first person in her family to express interest in science as a career. She was inspired to become a biologist by the story of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal clone. She received her Bachelor's Degree in Biological Sciences from the University of São Paulo in 2003, and her doctorate in Allergy and Immunopathology in 2008 from the same institution. During her doctorate, she worked to find an anti-venom for the sting of Apis mellifera, which is also called the \"Africanized honeybee.\" She did post-doctoral work in Salzburg, in Austria, and at Cornell University in Ithaca, in the USA. Her later work has been on identifying venom proteins in various insect stings, and in some cases, identifying the damage that they cause to tissues in the human body.\n Passage 2:Critical reaction to \"The Gift That Keeps Giving\" was generally positive with the New Musical Express rating it as one of the best on parent album Hey Venus!; \"[it doesn't so much raise] the bar, as balances it on top of Mount Snowdon\" going on to state: \"From a foundation of ELO guitar cloud-swells, Gruff's Elvis Costello-in-a-bubblegum-bath voice wraps around tender trombone parps to create the band's most beautiful moment since \"Demons\". BBC Wales commented on the track's Christmas links, describing \"The Gift That Keeps Giving\" as a \"mellow, mellifluous, slow ode to the joys of the festive season ... lyrically incredibly simple ... brain-bendingly catchy\". The Guardian meanwhile, stated that the song \"might sound more California than Christmas\" but still possesses the \"obligatory sleighbells ... shaken throughout\". Much was made of the 'retro' nature of the track with Yahoo Music UK claiming that the song is \"a pure blue-eyed soul tune, of the sort that Dan Penn and Spooner Oldham used to churn out four decades ago\" and The Guardian describing it as a \"gorgeous, Bacharach-tinged haze\". In contrast the UCSD Guardian described \"The Gift That Keeps Giving\" as \"jazzy\" and \"lo-fi\" and saw it as \"a throw-back to 2000's experimental Mwng\".\n Passage 3:On 15 February 1946, Laskov immigrated to Brno, Czechoslovakia, where he studied medicine at the Masaryk University and played for SK Židenice, the modern 1. FC Brno. In 1947, he moved to Bratislava, where he married a Slovak beautician and was granted Czechoslovak citizenship. In Bratislava, he played for ŠK Slovan Bratislava between 1947 and 1952, winning the Czechoslovak First League in 1949, 1950 and 1951. In Czechoslovakia, he has also played for FK Inter Bratislava (then Cervena Hviezda) and TTS Trenčín players, until 1960. In the Czechoslovak Championship, he played a total of 169 games, of which 98 (with 48 league goals) for Slovan; he also featured in 3 games for the Czechoslovakia national football team. He was awarded several fair play prizes in Czechoslovakia. Later on, he worked as a manager, managing FK Inter Bratislava, FC Spartak Trnava and Trenčín. He also served as a professional physician specialized in otolaryngology and was an active member of the Bulgarian association in Slovakia.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How old was Bartolome de las Casas during his second Guatemala visit? Passage 1:Born on the New Year's Day of 1966 at Khargapur in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, Sangita Mukhopadhyay completed her MSc with a gold medal and did her doctoral studies at the Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar which fetched her a Phd from Utkal University in 1998 for her thesis on immunoregulation in filariasis. Subsequently, she did the post-doctoral work at the National Institute of Immunology and, later, in U.S.A. at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. On her return to India, she joined the Central Drug Research Institute in 1999 and after a short stint, moved to the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD). She later became the head of the Molecular Biology Group at the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the institute and holds the position of a Grade IV staff scientist. At her laboratory, she hosts many research scholars who are involved in the studies in the disciplines of cell signaling and signal transduction, immunity, macrophage biology and tuberculosis.\n Passage 2:In English, ottava rima first appeared in Elizabethan translations of Tasso and Ariosto. The form also became popular for original works, such as Michael Drayton's The Barons' Wars, Thomas Heywood's Troia Britannica, or Aemilia Lanyer's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum. William Browne's Britannia's Pastorals also contains passages in ottava rima. The first English poet to write mock-heroic ottava rima was John Hookham Frere, whose 1817-8 poem Prospectus and Specimen of an Intended National Work used the form to considerable effect. Lord Byron read Frere's work and saw the potential of the form. He quickly produced Beppo, his first poem to use the form. Shortly after this, Byron began working on his Don Juan (1819–1824), probably the best-known English poem in ottava rima. Byron also used the form for The Vision of Judgment (1822). Shelley translated the Homeric Hymns into English in ottava rima. In the 20th century, William Butler Yeats used the form in several of his best later poems, including \"Sailing to Byzantium\" and \"Among School Children\". So did Kenneth Koch for instance in his autobiographical poem \"Seasons on Earth\" of 1987. In America Emma Lazarus wrote the poem An Epistle that consists of thirty four ottava rimas. Earlier Richard Henry Wilde used the stanza in his long poem Hesperia.\n Passage 3:On his second visit to Guatemala, in 1537, friar Bartolome de las Casas, O.P. wanted to employ his new method of conversion based on two principles: 1) to preach the Gospel to all men and treat them as equals, and 2) to assert that conversion must be voluntary and based on knowledge and understanding of the Faith. It was important for Las Casas that this method be tested without meddling from secular colonists, so he chose a territory in the heart of Guatemala where there were no previous colonies and where the natives were considered fierce and war-like. Because of the fact that the land had not been possible to conquer by military means, the governor of Guatemala, Alonso de Maldonado, agreed to sign a contract promising that if the venture was successful he would not establish any new encomiendas in the area. Las Casas's group of friars established a Dominican presence in Rabinal, Sacapulas and Cobán, reaching as far as Chahal and including Cubulco. Through the efforts of Las Casas' missionaries the so-called \"Land of War\" came to be called \"Verapaz\", \"True Peace\". Las Casas's strategy was to teach Christian songs to merchant Indian Christians who then ventured into the area. In this way he was successful in converting several native chiefs, among them those of Atitlán and Chichicastenango, and in building several churches in the territory named Alta Verapaz. These congregated a group of Christian Indians in the location of what is now the town of Rabinal. In 1538 Las Casas was recalled from his mission by Bishop Francisco Marroquin who wanted him to go to Mexico and then on to Spain in order to seek more Dominicans to assist in the mission.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: In what country is Vladivostok located today? Passage 1:Swathi was born in the city of Vladivostok, located in the southerly reaches of the Russian Far East during the reign of the erstwhile Soviet Union. She was initially given the name Svetlana but later her name was changed to Swathi. She completed her schooling from SFS High School in Visakhapatnam. Her father, who was an officer in the Indian Navy, was training as a submariner in the Soviet Union when she was born. She has one elder brother named Siddharth. Her family moved to Mumbai and later to the Eastern Naval Command in Visakhapatnam, where she spent most of her childhood. While studying in 11th class, she moved to Hyderabad. She enrolled at St. Mary’s College in Yousufguda, Hyderabad and graduated in biotechnology.\n Passage 2:After a brief look at the Flyers' success in the 1973–74 regular season, head coach Fred \"the Fog\" Shero is introduced. It then looks at the Flyers-Rangers series that resulted in the first expansion team defeating an original six team in a playoff series. The film then examines the Flyers' Stanley Cup Finals series against the Boston Bruins. The documentary also covers the odd relationship between singer Kate Smith and the Flyers' team. It then focuses on the final game of the series, which culminated in the Flyers' first Stanley Cup championship, as well as the response by fans. The documentary explores the dichotomy between the love of the team in Philadelphia and the hate it generated in other cities, epitomized by Flyer great Bobby Clarke. A brief mention is made of the LCB line (Reggie Leach-Clarke-Bill Barber).\n Passage 3:Théodore's play did not see much improvement the following season, in 2006–07, as he lost the starting role to Budaj with a 13–15–1 record, 3.26 GAA and .891 save percentage. He saw a resurgence in 2007–08 and resumed the starting role with a 2.40 GAA and .910 save percentage. On July 1, 2008, he parted ways with the Avalanche in the off-season and signed a two-year, $9 million contract with the Washington Capitals. He replaced long-time Capitals starter Olaf Kölzig and the previous season's acquisition (as well as former Canadiens teammate) Cristobal Huet, both having departed in free agency. Joining a team that featured young talents Alexander Semin, Nicklas Bäckström, Mike Green and Alexander Ovechkin, Théodore helped lead the Capitals to a division title and entered the 2009 playoffs as the second seed. However, after allowing four goals in a Game 1 loss to the New York Rangers in the opening round, he was pulled in favour of backup Semyon Varlamov. In 2010, Théodore had a 30–7–7 record and tied a Capitals franchise record for consecutive wins (10) and ended the season on a 20–0–4 streak. He started the playoffs but was pulled in Game 2 and replaced again by Varlamov. Théodore did not play any more games as the Capitals were eliminated in seven games in the first round of playoffs, as Jaroslav Halák and the Montreal Canadiens won three consecutive games to overcome a 3–1 deficit to win the series four games to three. Théodore won the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy in 2010.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Did Brown work longer as Director of player personnel for the Battlehawks or Vice President of Football Operations for the Iron? Passage 1:Theotis \"Trey\" Brown, III (born March 1, 1985) is a former American football cornerback who is currently the Director of Player Personnel for the St. Louis BattleHawks. Prior to being hired by the XFL, Brown served as the Executive Vice President of Football Operations for the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football. Prior to the AAF, Brown spent 9 years in the National Football League as a scout/executive. From 2010 to 2012, he was a scout with the New England Patriots. Then, from 2013 to 2018, he was with the Philadelphia Eagles in a variety of capacities including the Director of College Scouting from 2016-2018. As a player, he was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at UCLA. He also played for the New York Sentinels. He is the son of former NFL running back Theotis Brown.\n Passage 2:He was elected to Congress in 1934, having defeated incumbent Republican James L. Whitley and represented New York's 38th congressional district from January 3, 1935 until January 3, 1937, departing due to his defeat for renomination in 1936. He was then appointed by Governor Lehman to the New York Supreme Court on April 20, 1937 and served until December 31, 1937. He was defeated by Nathan Lapham in the subsequent election and served until December 31, 1937. Duffy practiced law in partnership from 1938 onward, and sat on the New York State Probation Commission from 1938-44. During the course of his life, Duffy was ubiquitous in the Rochester, New York region. He was a founder and for fifty-two years Director of Family Services of Rochester, fifty-two years a Trustee of the Chamber of Commerce, thirty-four years a counsel to the local Red Cross, forty-two years a Trustee of the Community Chest, thirty-four years a Commissioner of the Rochester Museum, thirty-four years a Trustee of the Rochester Savings Bank, thirty-two years a Director and one year President of the local Automobile Club, fifty-two years a Trustee of St. Patrick's Church and three years a functionary of the United Service Organization. He was a member of nine different clubs and brotherhoods. He received numerous honors during the course of his life, most notable his designation as a Knight of St. Gregory and a Knight of Malta by Pope Pius XI. One report indicated that he went to Mass every day, carried a missal at all times, and meticulously recorded in all his diaries. Duffy died at St. Anne's Home in Rochester, New York on January 8, 1969 and was laid to rest in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery. \"James P. B. Duffy School No. 12\" in Rochester, New York was named in his honor.\n Passage 3:Daulatabad Fort, also known as Devagiri or Deogiri, is a historical fortified citadel located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was the capital of the Yadava dynasty (9th century–14th century CE), for a brief time the capital of the Delhi Sultanate (1327–1334), and later a secondary capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1499–1636). Around the sixth century CE, Devagiri emerged as an important uplands town near present-day Aurangabad, along caravan routes going towards western and southern India. The historical triangular fortress in the city was initially built around 1187 by the first Yadava king, Bhillama V. In 1308, the city was annexed by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate, which ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent. In 1327, Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate renamed the city as \"Daulatabad\" and shifted his imperial capital to the city from Delhi, ordering a mass migration of Delhi's population to Daulatabad. However, Muhammad bin Tughluq reversed his decision in 1334 and the capital of the Delhi Sultanate was shifted back from Daulatabad to Delhi. In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, who used it as their secondary capital. In 1610, near Daulatabad Fort, the new city of Aurangabad, then named Khadki, was established to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the Ethiopian military leader Malik Ambar, who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Most of the present-day fortification at Daulatabad Fort was constructed under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What position did the former NFL player that was a Nittany Lion play? Passage 1:In 1996, Smith began his coaching career as an assistant at Hempfield High School. From there Smith spent the next four seasons as the passing coordinator for the Duquesne Dukes. In 2001, Smith returned to his high school alma mater the Gateway Gators where he served as the offensive coordinator. The following season Smith was named as the Gators Head Coach and over the next eleven seasons Smith led Gateway to a 101-30 mark and four WPIAL runner-up finishes.. In that time Smith sent 23 players to NCAA FBS (I-A) colleges and 17 more to FCS(I-AA) colleges, and coached in three U.S. Army All-America and Semper Fidelis All-America games. He has mentored six NFL players, including former Nittany Lions Trevor Williams, Jordan Lucas, Justin King and Lydell Sargeant. Smith, who also served as the athletic director, departed Gateway following the 2012 football season when his athletic director position was reduced to part-time. His salary was also cut in half and the district instituted a new rule that no administrator could coach. Following a January recruiting visit in 2013, the Temple Owls coach and fellow Penn State alum Matt Rhule offered Smith a coaching position as his wide receivers coach. Smith accepted and helped the Owls’ passing game reach new heights during the 2013 season. In 2014 James Franklin hired Smith as the Penn State Nittany Lions’ defensive recruiting coordinator and cornerbacks coach, positions he currently maintains. Smith is also the assistant head coach for the Nittany Lions, a title received following the 2015 season.\n Passage 2:In 1993, he made a comeback with the hit Cliffhanger, which was a success in the US, grossing million, but even more successful worldwide, grossing million. Later that year, he starred with Wesley Snipes in the futuristic action film Demolition Man, which grossed over million worldwide. His string of hits continued with 1994's The Specialist (over million worldwide gross). In 1995, he played the futuristic character Judge Dredd (from the British comic book 2000 AD) in the eponymous film Judge Dredd. His overseas box office appeal saved the domestic box office disappointment of Judge Dredd, which cost almost million and barely made its budget back, with a worldwide tally of million. He also appeared in the thriller Assassins (1995) with Julianne Moore and Antonio Banderas. In 1996, he starred in the disaster film Daylight.\n Passage 3:Since its debut in 1969, Sesame Street had given Jim Henson's Muppet characters exposure; however, Henson began to perceive that he was becoming typecast as a children's entertainer. Subsequently, he began conceiving a programme for a more adult demographic. Two television specials, The Muppets Valentine Show (1974) and (1975), were produced for ABC and are considered pilots for The Muppet Show. Neither of the two specials was ordered to series. However, the prime-time access rule was recently enacted, shifting the 7:30 to 8 pm ET slot from the networks to their affiliates. CBS became interested in Henson's series proposals and expressed intent to broadcast it weekly on its owned and operated stations. According to the original pitch reel, George Schlatter was originally involved.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How long did the defending champion of the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship who defeated Richards in 2010 hold the title? Passage 1:Theotis \"Trey\" Brown, III (born March 1, 1985) is a former American football cornerback who is currently the Director of Player Personnel for the St. Louis BattleHawks. Prior to being hired by the XFL, Brown served as the Executive Vice President of Football Operations for the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football. Prior to the AAF, Brown spent 9 years in the National Football League as a scout/executive. From 2010 to 2012, he was a scout with the New England Patriots. Then, from 2013 to 2018, he was with the Philadelphia Eagles in a variety of capacities including the Director of College Scouting from 2016-2018. As a player, he was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at UCLA. He also played for the New York Sentinels. He is the son of former NFL running back Theotis Brown.\n Passage 2:In 2010 Richards was invited to take part in New Japan Pro Wrestling's Best of the Super Juniors tournament along with fellow North American and ROH wrestler, Kenny Omega. Richards entered the two-week-long tournament on May 30, but although he managed to win five out of his seven matches, he finished third in his block and narrowly missed advancing to the semifinals of the tournament. After the tournament Richards began working regularly for New Japan Pro Wrestling, joining the promotion's top heel stable Chaos, and no longer made appearances for Pro Wrestling Noah. In November 2010 Richards and Rocky Romero, reviving the No Remorse Corps name, made it to the finals of a five-day-long Super J Tag League tournament, before being defeated by their Chaos team mates Jado and Gedo. On December 11, 2010, Richards received a shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship, but was defeated by the defending champion, Prince Devitt. On May 3, 2011, Richards and Romero unsuccessfully challenged Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi, known collectively as Apollo 55, for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. On May 26, Richards entered the 2011 Best of the Super Juniors tournament and after winning six out of his eight round robin stage matches, which included a win over the reigning IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion Prince Devitt, Richards finished second in his block and advanced to the semifinals of the tournament. On June 10, Richards was eliminated from the tournament in the semifinals by the eventual winner of the entire tournament, Kota Ibushi. On October 10, 2011, at Destruction '11, Richards and Romero defeated Prince Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi to win the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the first time. Richards and Romero made their first successful title defense on November 12 at Power Struggle, defeating the team of Kushida and Tiger Mask. As a result of pinning Prince Devitt in the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship match, Richards was granted another shot at his IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship on December 4, but failed in his attempt to become a double champion. On January 4, 2012, at Wrestle Kingdom VI in Tokyo Dome, Richards and Romero lost the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship back to Devitt and Taguchi. On February 12 at The New Beginning, the No Remorse Corps defeated Apollo 55 to regain the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. As a result, Richards received his third shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship on March 10, but was yet again defeated by Prince Devitt. On May 2, Richards and Romero were stripped of the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, after a car accident forced Richards to miss his flight to Japan and the following day's Wrestling Dontaku 2012 event, where the two were scheduled to defend the title against Jushin Thunder Liger and Tiger Mask. Despite being able to wrestle in the United States, New Japan also pulled Richards from the 2012 Best of the Super Juniors tournament, citing doctor's orders.\n Passage 3:He was elected to Congress in 1934, having defeated incumbent Republican James L. Whitley and represented New York's 38th congressional district from January 3, 1935 until January 3, 1937, departing due to his defeat for renomination in 1936. He was then appointed by Governor Lehman to the New York Supreme Court on April 20, 1937 and served until December 31, 1937. He was defeated by Nathan Lapham in the subsequent election and served until December 31, 1937. Duffy practiced law in partnership from 1938 onward, and sat on the New York State Probation Commission from 1938-44. During the course of his life, Duffy was ubiquitous in the Rochester, New York region. He was a founder and for fifty-two years Director of Family Services of Rochester, fifty-two years a Trustee of the Chamber of Commerce, thirty-four years a counsel to the local Red Cross, forty-two years a Trustee of the Community Chest, thirty-four years a Commissioner of the Rochester Museum, thirty-four years a Trustee of the Rochester Savings Bank, thirty-two years a Director and one year President of the local Automobile Club, fifty-two years a Trustee of St. Patrick's Church and three years a functionary of the United Service Organization. He was a member of nine different clubs and brotherhoods. He received numerous honors during the course of his life, most notable his designation as a Knight of St. Gregory and a Knight of Malta by Pope Pius XI. One report indicated that he went to Mass every day, carried a missal at all times, and meticulously recorded in all his diaries. Duffy died at St. Anne's Home in Rochester, New York on January 8, 1969 and was laid to rest in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery. \"James P. B. Duffy School No. 12\" in Rochester, New York was named in his honor.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How many copies have sold of most famous work by the author who provided the blurb for The Divine? Passage 1:Mauro González moved out to Temperley on 13 July, while Lucas Wilchez did the opposite on 16 July. Almagro held three friendlies on 16 July, two versus Colegiales and one against the Argentina U23s; they'd draw one and lose two. Maximiliano García agreed to go to Comunicaciones on 18 July. New player Facundo Suárez netted a goal in each game as Almagro drew and then beat Ferro Carril Oeste on 20 July. Gustavo Turraca returned to Primera B Nacional on loan on 23 July, having been relegated from it with Los Andes in 2018–19. On 24 July, Agustín Coscia was loaned from Rosario Central. A friendly with Quilmes was postponed on 26 July, in order to preserve the Estadio Centenario Ciudad de Quilmes pitch following heavy rain; rescheduling was confirmed.\n Passage 2:Charles Bertram was born in London in 1723. He was the son of an English silk dyer who was usually accounted to have emigrated to Copenhagen, Denmark, among the retinue of Princess Louisa, a daughter of George II, upon her marriage to Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark in 1743. (The prince became King Frederick V three years later.) Other sources suggest the father immigrated earlier, in 1738. The father established himself as a hosier in 1744, and Charles seems to have benefited from the warm reception that Louisa and her retinue received from the Danes. On 5 July 1747, Charles petitioned the University of Copenhagen's Consortium for admission to study history, antiquities, philosophy, and mathematics. This seems to have been granted, although students were generally required to adhere to the Danish Church and Bertram remained Anglican. He became a friend and protégé of Hans Gram, the royal librarian and a member of the privy council. On 23 March 1748, Bertram petitioned the king to be permitted to give public lectures on the English language and became a teacher of English in the Royal Marine Academy in Copenhagen. (Some accounts name him as a professor, rather than a tutor; if so, that status would have been granted some years later, as he was a new undergraduate in 1747.) His 1749 chrestomathy An Essay on the Excellency and Style of the English Tongue has been called the initiation of English-language printing in Denmark. A brother apparently died at sea in 1752, and at some point he married Cathrine Marie Gold.\n Passage 3:The Divine was published in the U.S. by First Second Books, featuring a blurb by author Yann Martel, best known for the international bestseller Life of Pi. It was released in July 2015 and has hit the New York Times Best Sellers list. It has since received highly positive reviews. Publishers Weekly had chosen The Divine for \"top ten graphic novel for spring 2015\", describing it later on as: \"Heady, hellacious, and phantasmagoric\". Jesse Karp on his Booklist review wrote: \"Stunning artwork and creeping dread weave together in this satisfying and moving page-turner\". Douglas Wolk from The New York Times described it as \"a too rare example of artists getting top billing\", referring to the artwork by Asaf and Tomer Hanuka. Joshua Rivera from GQ wrote: \"The Divine's story is unflinching and raw, and its art is quite possibly the most beautiful of any comic this year\". Michael Mechanic from Mother Jones called it \"beautifully rendered\", while io9 defined it as \"Your next comics obsession\". Rich Barrett from Mental Floss chose it for \"The most interesting comics of the week\" and praised it for being \"stunning, cohesive combination [of elements]\". Terry Hong, from The Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center blog, wrote: \"can’t-turn-away riveting [...] Unrelenting and uninterruptible\", and the Eisner nominated comics blog Comics & Cola dubbed it \"superb\" and chose it for its pick of the month.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Where is the headquarters of the publishing house which published The Divine located? Passage 1:Mauro González moved out to Temperley on 13 July, while Lucas Wilchez did the opposite on 16 July. Almagro held three friendlies on 16 July, two versus Colegiales and one against the Argentina U23s; they'd draw one and lose two. Maximiliano García agreed to go to Comunicaciones on 18 July. New player Facundo Suárez netted a goal in each game as Almagro drew and then beat Ferro Carril Oeste on 20 July. Gustavo Turraca returned to Primera B Nacional on loan on 23 July, having been relegated from it with Los Andes in 2018–19. On 24 July, Agustín Coscia was loaned from Rosario Central. A friendly with Quilmes was postponed on 26 July, in order to preserve the Estadio Centenario Ciudad de Quilmes pitch following heavy rain; rescheduling was confirmed.\n Passage 2:Charles Bertram was born in London in 1723. He was the son of an English silk dyer who was usually accounted to have emigrated to Copenhagen, Denmark, among the retinue of Princess Louisa, a daughter of George II, upon her marriage to Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark in 1743. (The prince became King Frederick V three years later.) Other sources suggest the father immigrated earlier, in 1738. The father established himself as a hosier in 1744, and Charles seems to have benefited from the warm reception that Louisa and her retinue received from the Danes. On 5 July 1747, Charles petitioned the University of Copenhagen's Consortium for admission to study history, antiquities, philosophy, and mathematics. This seems to have been granted, although students were generally required to adhere to the Danish Church and Bertram remained Anglican. He became a friend and protégé of Hans Gram, the royal librarian and a member of the privy council. On 23 March 1748, Bertram petitioned the king to be permitted to give public lectures on the English language and became a teacher of English in the Royal Marine Academy in Copenhagen. (Some accounts name him as a professor, rather than a tutor; if so, that status would have been granted some years later, as he was a new undergraduate in 1747.) His 1749 chrestomathy An Essay on the Excellency and Style of the English Tongue has been called the initiation of English-language printing in Denmark. A brother apparently died at sea in 1752, and at some point he married Cathrine Marie Gold.\n Passage 3:The Divine was published in the U.S. by First Second Books, featuring a blurb by author Yann Martel, best known for the international bestseller Life of Pi. It was released in July 2015 and has hit the New York Times Best Sellers list. It has since received highly positive reviews. Publishers Weekly had chosen The Divine for \"top ten graphic novel for spring 2015\", describing it later on as: \"Heady, hellacious, and phantasmagoric\". Jesse Karp on his Booklist review wrote: \"Stunning artwork and creeping dread weave together in this satisfying and moving page-turner\". Douglas Wolk from The New York Times described it as \"a too rare example of artists getting top billing\", referring to the artwork by Asaf and Tomer Hanuka. Joshua Rivera from GQ wrote: \"The Divine's story is unflinching and raw, and its art is quite possibly the most beautiful of any comic this year\". Michael Mechanic from Mother Jones called it \"beautifully rendered\", while io9 defined it as \"Your next comics obsession\". Rich Barrett from Mental Floss chose it for \"The most interesting comics of the week\" and praised it for being \"stunning, cohesive combination [of elements]\". Terry Hong, from The Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center blog, wrote: \"can’t-turn-away riveting [...] Unrelenting and uninterruptible\", and the Eisner nominated comics blog Comics & Cola dubbed it \"superb\" and chose it for its pick of the month.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How many copies did the second live album of Aventura sell? Passage 1:The Bachata #1's series is a collection of compilations of various artists centered on the genre of bachata. The first chapter in the series was released in 2007. A third volume, Bachata #1's, Vol. 3 was released in 2010 in the United States. Bachata #1's, Vol. 2 was released on August 12, 2008. \"Mi Corazoncito\", written by Anthony \"Romeo\" Santos and performed by Aventura, was released as the third and final single from the group's second live album, K.O.B. Live (2006). The song peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs and number two on the Billboard Latin Songs charts, topping both the Billboard Tropical Songs and Billboard Latin Rhythm Songs charts, while an additional live version peaked at number ten on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart. The bachata-infused-R&B number, has been named one of their biggest hits along with \"Los Infieles\", \"Un Beso\", and \"El Perdedor\" among others. Xtreme's \"Mientes\" is originally from the duo's second studio album Haciendo Historia (2006), which also featured the gorup's R&B-leaning hit single \"Shorty, Shorty\". Puerto Rican Latin pop singer Luis Fonsi performs \"Con Las Manos Vacías\", a track exclusive to this release. \"Tengo Un Amor\" was written by Toby Love with additional composition by Edwin Perez who also handled production for the song. The song was written with Spanglish lyrics combining crunk hip hop with bachata. David Jefferies, while reviewing the parent album, called the song \"an incredibly smooth, lush, and glittery ballad\" while listing the song as a selected \"Allmusic Pick\". According to Billboard, the original version of the song is a \"straightforward bachata song\" while the remix, which is included on this release, with R.K.M & Ken-Y, known then as Rakim & Ken-Y provides \"urban street cred\".\n Passage 2:Tony met Deep Purple in the early 1970s, when the last recording of Ashton, Gardner and Dyke was a collaboration with keyboardist Jon Lord on the soundtrack for a b-movie called The Last Rebel. In the meantime, Ashton had appeared on Jon Lord's first solo album Gemini Suite in 1971. In 1973, Ashton joined the group Family for their last album and tour. That same year, he and David Coverdale and Glenn Hughes were guest vocalists on Jon Lord's second album Windows. Tony became close friends with Jon Lord. In the summer of 1974, during a break in Purple's busy touring schedule, Tony Ashton and Jon Lord recorded their album First of the Big Bands. This project was launched with a gig at the London Palladium the same year and the BBC taped a special live appearance at Golders Green Hippodrome in London. The album of this show is a tour-de-force groovy, rhythm and blues, boogie piano and Hammond organ, big band fest. Tony also contributed to Roger Glover's Butterfly Ball project. In these years, Ashton and Lord found a second home in Zermatt, an alpine resort in Switzerland, sometimes to ski, but more often to offer giant and brilliant non-profit gigs in a unique complex (one hotel-two night-clubs-two restaurants and four pubs) called \"Hotel Post\" which was run by American-born Karl Ivarsson. Ashton managed to come to the place almost until his death, and Jon has been a regular visitor until his death even if the \"(in)famous\" hotel did not exist anymore.\n Passage 3:Ross married Bertha (Bee) Halley Horecker, a singer-musician and daughter of Ross's Chicago neighbors, in 1931, received a National Research Council Fellowship for 1932, and worked as a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow at California Institute of Technology with Eric Temple Bell until 1933. Ross moved back to Chicago and led the mathematics department at an experimental school started by Ph.D.s during the Great Depression, People's Junior College, where he also taught physics. Ross became an assistant professor at St. Louis University in 1935 and stayed for about 11 years. In an interview, he said he advocated for a student who became the first black woman in the South to receive a master's degree in mathematics. This exception led the university to admit black students despite the idea's widespread unpopularity. During World War II, Ross served as a research mathematician for the U.S. Navy. He befriended Hungarian mathematician Gábor Szegő while in St. Louis, who recommended Ross for a 1941 Brown University summer school that prepared young scientists to assist in the war, a program Ross attended. He occasionally worked on proximity fuzes for Stromberg-Carlson's laboratory from 1941 to 1945 before accepting a position as head of University of Notre Dame's mathematics department in 1946. He set out to change the school's research climate by inviting distinguished mathematicians including Paul Erdős, whom Ross made a full professor.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How many people have served two terms in the office that Clinton held from 1993 to 2001? Passage 1:He is employed as editor at the \"Moldovan Book\" (1974) and \"Artistic Literature\" (1977-1982), literary secretary at the National Theater (1982-1983) and Lyric Theater \"Alexei Mateevici\"(1986-1987). Since May 1987 he has been elected secretary of the Steering Committee of the Writers' Union of Moldova and president since September 1991 until 2010. He was deputy of the people of the USSR in Gorbachev's thaw (1989-1990) and then deputy in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1999-2001). In parallel, he is the head of the Department of Classical Literature of the Institute of History and Literary Theory of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, he obtained his Ph.D. in Philology in 1998, with the thesis \"Eminescu, poet of Being\" (conductor, Eugen Simion) and teaches at the \"Ion Creangă\" Pedagogical University in Chişinău. In 1991 he became an honorary member of the Romanian Academy, a member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (1992), a member of the Writers' Union of Romania (since 1994 elected and member of the board of directors), member of PEN-club, member of the Târgoviştei Writers Society (2005), vice-president of the Cultural League for the Unity of Romanians Abroad, an honorary citizen of Craiova (in 2005, alongside Grigore Vieru, Vasile Tărâţeanu). He is the director of the magazine \"Life of Basarabia\" and in the collections of publications \"Critical copybooks\", \"Romanian Life\", founding president of the \"Mihai Eminescu\" International Academic Center in Chișinău.\n Passage 2:William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to his presidency, he served as governor of Arkansas (1979–1981 and 1983–1992) and as attorney general of Arkansas (1977–1979). A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was known as a New Democrat, and many of his policies reflected a centrist \"Third Way\" political philosophy. He is the husband of former Secretary of State and former U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton. In 1998, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives. The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky, a 22-year-old White House intern. He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office. Clinton is notable as one of only two U.S. presidents (following Andrew Johnson 130 years earlier) to have been impeached.\n Passage 3:Victor (sometimes spelled Viktor) became an officer in the Royal Navy in 1848 and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1854. As a Lieutenant, he served on the first-rate HMS St Jean d'Acre in the Mediterranean under Captain Henry Keppel in 1855; commanded the gunboat HMS Traveller for a few months in 1856 after her launch until she was paid off; served again under Keppel again on the fourth-rate HMS Raleigh in the East Indies and China, until she was wrecked near Macau in 1857. He was recommended for the Victoria Cross for his service in China in 1856. He was promoted to Commander in 1857, and commanded the first-rate sloop HMS Scourge in the Mediterranean. Promoted to Captain in 1859, he took command of the 21-gun corvette HMS Racoon from commissioning in 1863 until 1866, during which time Queen Victoria's second son, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900) served on board as a lieutenant.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who was the first person to serve in the office that Clinton held from 1979 to 1981? Passage 1:He is employed as editor at the \"Moldovan Book\" (1974) and \"Artistic Literature\" (1977-1982), literary secretary at the National Theater (1982-1983) and Lyric Theater \"Alexei Mateevici\"(1986-1987). Since May 1987 he has been elected secretary of the Steering Committee of the Writers' Union of Moldova and president since September 1991 until 2010. He was deputy of the people of the USSR in Gorbachev's thaw (1989-1990) and then deputy in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1999-2001). In parallel, he is the head of the Department of Classical Literature of the Institute of History and Literary Theory of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, he obtained his Ph.D. in Philology in 1998, with the thesis \"Eminescu, poet of Being\" (conductor, Eugen Simion) and teaches at the \"Ion Creangă\" Pedagogical University in Chişinău. In 1991 he became an honorary member of the Romanian Academy, a member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (1992), a member of the Writers' Union of Romania (since 1994 elected and member of the board of directors), member of PEN-club, member of the Târgoviştei Writers Society (2005), vice-president of the Cultural League for the Unity of Romanians Abroad, an honorary citizen of Craiova (in 2005, alongside Grigore Vieru, Vasile Tărâţeanu). He is the director of the magazine \"Life of Basarabia\" and in the collections of publications \"Critical copybooks\", \"Romanian Life\", founding president of the \"Mihai Eminescu\" International Academic Center in Chișinău.\n Passage 2:William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to his presidency, he served as governor of Arkansas (1979–1981 and 1983–1992) and as attorney general of Arkansas (1977–1979). A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was known as a New Democrat, and many of his policies reflected a centrist \"Third Way\" political philosophy. He is the husband of former Secretary of State and former U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton. In 1998, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives. The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky, a 22-year-old White House intern. He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office. Clinton is notable as one of only two U.S. presidents (following Andrew Johnson 130 years earlier) to have been impeached.\n Passage 3:Victor (sometimes spelled Viktor) became an officer in the Royal Navy in 1848 and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1854. As a Lieutenant, he served on the first-rate HMS St Jean d'Acre in the Mediterranean under Captain Henry Keppel in 1855; commanded the gunboat HMS Traveller for a few months in 1856 after her launch until she was paid off; served again under Keppel again on the fourth-rate HMS Raleigh in the East Indies and China, until she was wrecked near Macau in 1857. He was recommended for the Victoria Cross for his service in China in 1856. He was promoted to Commander in 1857, and commanded the first-rate sloop HMS Scourge in the Mediterranean. Promoted to Captain in 1859, he took command of the 21-gun corvette HMS Racoon from commissioning in 1863 until 1866, during which time Queen Victoria's second son, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900) served on board as a lieutenant.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who is the current office holder of the position that Clinton held from 1977 to 1979? Passage 1:William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to his presidency, he served as governor of Arkansas (1979–1981 and 1983–1992) and as attorney general of Arkansas (1977–1979). A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton was known as a New Democrat, and many of his policies reflected a centrist \"Third Way\" political philosophy. He is the husband of former Secretary of State and former U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton. In 1998, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives. The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky, a 22-year-old White House intern. He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office. Clinton is notable as one of only two U.S. presidents (following Andrew Johnson 130 years earlier) to have been impeached.\n Passage 2:He is employed as editor at the \"Moldovan Book\" (1974) and \"Artistic Literature\" (1977-1982), literary secretary at the National Theater (1982-1983) and Lyric Theater \"Alexei Mateevici\"(1986-1987). Since May 1987 he has been elected secretary of the Steering Committee of the Writers' Union of Moldova and president since September 1991 until 2010. He was deputy of the people of the USSR in Gorbachev's thaw (1989-1990) and then deputy in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (1999-2001). In parallel, he is the head of the Department of Classical Literature of the Institute of History and Literary Theory of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, he obtained his Ph.D. in Philology in 1998, with the thesis \"Eminescu, poet of Being\" (conductor, Eugen Simion) and teaches at the \"Ion Creangă\" Pedagogical University in Chişinău. In 1991 he became an honorary member of the Romanian Academy, a member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (1992), a member of the Writers' Union of Romania (since 1994 elected and member of the board of directors), member of PEN-club, member of the Târgoviştei Writers Society (2005), vice-president of the Cultural League for the Unity of Romanians Abroad, an honorary citizen of Craiova (in 2005, alongside Grigore Vieru, Vasile Tărâţeanu). He is the director of the magazine \"Life of Basarabia\" and in the collections of publications \"Critical copybooks\", \"Romanian Life\", founding president of the \"Mihai Eminescu\" International Academic Center in Chișinău.\n Passage 3:Victor (sometimes spelled Viktor) became an officer in the Royal Navy in 1848 and was promoted to Lieutenant in 1854. As a Lieutenant, he served on the first-rate HMS St Jean d'Acre in the Mediterranean under Captain Henry Keppel in 1855; commanded the gunboat HMS Traveller for a few months in 1856 after her launch until she was paid off; served again under Keppel again on the fourth-rate HMS Raleigh in the East Indies and China, until she was wrecked near Macau in 1857. He was recommended for the Victoria Cross for his service in China in 1856. He was promoted to Commander in 1857, and commanded the first-rate sloop HMS Scourge in the Mediterranean. Promoted to Captain in 1859, he took command of the 21-gun corvette HMS Racoon from commissioning in 1863 until 1866, during which time Queen Victoria's second son, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900) served on board as a lieutenant.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: In what country is van Rijn a resident? Passage 1:Chisholm and Knocker soon came to the conclusion that they could save more lives by treating the wounded directly on the front lines. In November, they decided to leave the corps and set up their own dressing station five miles east in a town named Pervyse, north of Ypres, just one hundred yards from the trenches. Here, in a vacant cellar which they named \"Poste de Secours Anglais\" (\"British First Aid Post\"), the two would spend the next three and a half years tending to the wounded. No longer affiliated with the Belgian Red Cross, they began acting completely as free agents and had to support their work by raising their own funds. Through sheer perseverance Knocker was able to arrange for the two of them to be officially seconded to the Belgian garrison stationed there. In January 1915, they were both decorated by King Albert I of Belgium with the Order of Léopold II, Knights Cross (with palm) for their courageous work on the front lines. They were also awarded the British Military Medal and both made Officers of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Chisholm was also decorated with the Queen Elisabeth Medal of Belgium and the British campaign medals, including the 1914 Star. The two became instant celebrities earning the distinction of being among the most photographed women of the war.\n Passage 2:He is a flamboyant capitalist adventurer, and is of Dutch ancestry (apparently a resident of Djakarta, and thus an Indo). His speech is bombastic and heavily laced with unconventional constructs, puns, oaths, and words from various Northern European languages: in particular Dutch, German, and possibly Danish. Although he frequently employs malapropisms such as \"Angular-Saxon\" or \"hunky-dinghy\", they are often so devious or apropos as to appear intentional. Some more minor characters have used a similar patois. Van Rijn is well-educated in Earth's literature and history and also displays considerable cunning and capacity for bullying armed aliens into doing his bidding. Although a formidable individual in necessity (his battle cries have included \"God send the Right!\", \"Kristmenn, Krossmenn, Kongsmenn!\", and \"Heineken Bier!\"), he prefers material luxuries to personal heroism. He routinely describes himself as an old, weak, sinful man, but usually follows it by lamenting that his subordinates (or humanity in general) are unable to accomplish anything without his aid. Accordingly, Van Rijn's intellect usually proves crucial to solving crises and mysteries that stupefy all other characters. In this regard, he is similar to the character of Mycroft Holmes.\n Passage 3:Westonzoyland village is a little further to the west, near where the Battle of Sedgemoor was fought in 1685. The drain passes close to the village, and then turns to follow a more northerly course, with bridges carrying minor roads at Parchey, with Chedzoy slightly further west, and at Bawdrip, which is to the north-east of the Drain. At Crandon Bridge the A39 road crosses the Drain to a 'T'-junction with the old course of the A39 to Glastonbury and the newer A39 spur to the M5 motorway. Passing to the south of Puriton, it turns first west and then south-west as it passes under the M5 motorway, the Bristol and Exeter Railway, and the A38 road in quick succession, to reach the River Parrett at Dunball clyse.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: In which country was Edward Greaves buried? Passage 1:The 9th Armored Division landed in Normandy late in September 1944, and first went into the line, 23 October 1944, on patrol duty in a quiet sector along the Luxembourg-German frontier. When the Germans launched their winter offensive on 16 December 1944, the 9th, with no real combat experience, suddenly found itself engaged in heavy fighting. The Division saw its severest action at St. Vith, Echternach, and Bastogne, its units fighting in widely separated areas. Its stand at Bastogne held off the Germans long enough to enable the 101st Airborne Division to dig in for a defense of the city. After a rest period in January 1945, the Division prepared to drive across the Roer River. The offensive was launched on 28 February 1945 and the 9th crossed the Roer to Rheinbach, sending patrols into Remagen. On 7 March 1945, elements of the 9th Armored found that the Ludendorff Bridge was still standing. When German demolition charges failed to bring the bridge down, they crossed it, disarming and removing the remaining charges, which could have exploded at any time. The Division exploited the bridgehead, moving south and east across the Lahn River toward Limburg, where thousands of Allied prisoners were liberated from Stalag XIIA. The Division drove on to Frankfurt and then turned to assist in the closing of the Ruhr Pocket. In April it continued east, encircling Leipzig and securing a line along the Mulde River. The Division was shifting south to Czechoslovakia when the war in Europe ended on 9 May 1945. All units of CCB/9 AIB of the 9th Armored Division were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for their actions in taking and defending the Ludendorff Bridge during the Battle of Remagen in World War II.\n Passage 2:Charles I is supposed to have created him a baronet 4 May 1645. Of this creation, the first of a physician to that rank, no record exists, but the accurate Le Neve did not doubt the fact, and explained the absence of enrolment. He claimed to have been Physician-General to the army of Charles I. With his friend Walter Charleton, Greaves became travelling physician to Charles II, but settled in London in 1653, and was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians 18 October 1657. He delivered the Harveian oration at the College of Physicians 25 July 1661 (London, 1667, 4to), of which the original manuscript is in the British Museum (Sloane 302). He says that before Harvey the source of the circulation was as unknown as that of the Nile, and compares England to a heart, whence the knowledge of the circulation was driven forth to other lands. He became physician in ordinary to Charles II, and owned the lands of St Leonard's Forest in Sussex, including that part which became Leonardslee. He married Alicia Nevett (1624–1684), widow of Peter Calf (d. 1668). Greaves lived in Covent Garden, died there 11 Nov. 1680, and was buried in the church of St. Paul's, Covent Garden.\n Passage 3:The rates of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are increased when compared with the general population, by a factor of 3.8 and 7.5 respectively. People with psoriasis also have a higher risk of celiac disease. Few studies have evaluated the association of multiple sclerosis with psoriasis, and the relationship has been questioned. Psoriasis has been associated with a 16% increase in overall relative risk for non-skin cancer. People with psoriasis have a 52% increased risk cancers of the lung and bronchus, a 205% increase in the risk of developing cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, a 31% increase in the risk of developing cancers of the urinary tract, a 90% increase in the risk of developing liver cancer, and a 46% increase in the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The risk for development of non-melanoma skin cancers is also increased. Psoriasis increases the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin by 431% and increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma by 100%. There is no increased risk of melanoma associated with psoriasis. People with psoriasis have a higher risk of developing cancer.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Between the town where the field hospital was located and its nearest city, which one was established first? Passage 1:Chisholm and Knocker soon came to the conclusion that they could save more lives by treating the wounded directly on the front lines. In November, they decided to leave the corps and set up their own dressing station five miles east in a town named Pervyse, north of Ypres, just one hundred yards from the trenches. Here, in a vacant cellar which they named \"Poste de Secours Anglais\" (\"British First Aid Post\"), the two would spend the next three and a half years tending to the wounded. No longer affiliated with the Belgian Red Cross, they began acting completely as free agents and had to support their work by raising their own funds. Through sheer perseverance Knocker was able to arrange for the two of them to be officially seconded to the Belgian garrison stationed there. In January 1915, they were both decorated by King Albert I of Belgium with the Order of Léopold II, Knights Cross (with palm) for their courageous work on the front lines. They were also awarded the British Military Medal and both made Officers of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Chisholm was also decorated with the Queen Elisabeth Medal of Belgium and the British campaign medals, including the 1914 Star. The two became instant celebrities earning the distinction of being among the most photographed women of the war.\n Passage 2:Westonzoyland village is a little further to the west, near where the Battle of Sedgemoor was fought in 1685. The drain passes close to the village, and then turns to follow a more northerly course, with bridges carrying minor roads at Parchey, with Chedzoy slightly further west, and at Bawdrip, which is to the north-east of the Drain. At Crandon Bridge the A39 road crosses the Drain to a 'T'-junction with the old course of the A39 to Glastonbury and the newer A39 spur to the M5 motorway. Passing to the south of Puriton, it turns first west and then south-west as it passes under the M5 motorway, the Bristol and Exeter Railway, and the A38 road in quick succession, to reach the River Parrett at Dunball clyse.\n Passage 3:The poet colleagues shared a sense of Sturm und Drang and empathy, calling it the \"Bündner Nachtigall\" (Graubünden nightingale). Salis-Seewis returned to Switzerland in 1791, living in Chur and marrying there, on 26 December 1793, the 22-year-old Ursina v. Pestalozzi (Chur 29 September 1771 - Malans 27 June 1835). They had two sons; Johann-Ulrich Dietegan (Comte) v. Salis-Seewis (1794–1844) and Johann-Jakob (Freiherr) v. Salis-Seewis (1800–1881). He had a lively involvement in the political changes in his homeland over the next years lively involved, endorsed the alliance of the Three Leagues of Switzerland to the new France, and the proclaimed Helvetic Republic. After the area was occupied by Austria in the following year, Salis-Seewis and his family had to flee to Zurich. There, he was appointed inspector general of the Helvetican troops. This activity brought him the nickname \"poet general\". He later went to Bern and received a place on the Court of cassation. When the Act of Mediation was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1803, it became possible for Salis-Seewis to return to Graubünden. There he held several public offices until 1817, then he withdrew as Swiss federal colonel. His father had died two years before.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who settled the place USS Corry sailed twice to? Passage 1:Corry cleared Bermuda on 25 October 1942 for Casablanca to participate in the Moroccan landings, in the screen of the aircraft carrier . She left Casablanca 16 November for Norfolk and Boston, and after overhaul resumed her coastal and Caribbean operations until 13 February 1943, when she sailed on escort duty from Norfolk for north Africa, returning 6 March for operations in the western Atlantic. On 11 August she sailed for Scotland and operated with the British Home Fleet, cruising once to Norway as providing escort for Ranger in the successful Allied air raid on Bodø, Norway in October 1943 (Operation Leader). Corry sailed twice to Iceland to cover the movement of Russia-bound convoys. Returning to Boston on 3 December, Corry sailed on 24 December for escort duty to New Orleans and Panama.\n Passage 2:The general outline of the Roman conquest of Britain during the 1st century AD is recorded by historical sources; for the involvement of specific forts historians depend on archaeological excavations. This part of Britain was occupied by a tribe known as the Cornovii. In AD 46–47 the Roman Army led by governor Aulus Plautius had probably occupied the lands to the south of the River Trent. Late in 47 the new governor of Britain, Ostorius Scapula, began a campaign against the tribes of the western mountains (modern Wales). Caratacus, their leader, was defeated in battle in AD 50 and fled to the Brigantes who occupied the Pennines. Their queen, Cartimandua, came to terms with the Romans and handed Caratacus over to them. Ostorius died and was replaced by Aulus Gallus who brought the Welsh borders under control but did not move further north or west. It was at about this time that the fort at Strutt's Park was built. It probably lay not far south of the border between Roman territory and that held by the Brigantes, who were now an allied or subject kingdom.\n Passage 3:In 1854 Klindworth went to London, where he remained for fourteen years, studying, teaching and occasionally appearing in public. From London Klindworth went to Moscow in 1868, following Nikolai Rubinstein's invitation to take up the position of professor of pianoforte at the Moscow Conservatory, where he first met Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as professor of harmony. While in Russia he completed his pianoforte arrangements for Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, which he had commenced during Wagner's visit to England in 1855, Beethoven's sonatas and also his critical edition of Frédéric Chopin's works. He then became conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1882, in association with Joseph Joachim and Franz Wüllner, being also the conductor of the Berlin Wagner Society. At this time, he established the Klindworths Musikschule, which later became the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How large in square miles is the body of water that the Defender was temporarily deployed to in late 1935? Passage 1:HMS Defender was a D-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. The ship was initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet before she was transferred to the China Station in early 1935. She was temporarily deployed in the Red Sea during late 1935 during the Abyssinia Crisis, before returning to her assigned station where she remained until mid-1939. Defender was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet just before World War II began in September 1939. She briefly was assigned to West Africa for convoy escort duties in 1940 before returning to the Mediterranean. The ship participated in the Battles of Calabria, Cape Spartivento, and Cape Matapan over the next year without damage. Defender assisted in the evacuations from Greece and Crete in April–May 1941, before she began running supply missions to Tobruk, Libya in June. The ship was badly damaged by a German bomber on one of those missions and had to be scuttled by her consort on 11 July 1941.\n Passage 2:The tomb was originally a monumental temple at Golyama Kosmatka Mound, built in the second half of the 5th century BC. After extended use as a temple, at the later part of the 3rd century BC, Seuthes lll was buried inside. The sarcophagus-chamber contained personal belongings that were necessary for the afterlife of the King. It includes knee pads, a gilded helmet with images, leather armour with a collar (plastron made of golden threads), a large sword and spears. There are bronze vessels, and three big ceramic amphora which were filled with thick Thracian wine. The floor and the ritual bed are covered by a carpet woven in gold thread. The total weight of the gold including all the objects is more than one kilogram. There are thirteen gold appliques for horse halters with images of human, animals and plants - objects which are rare in Thracian archaeology. Another two rectangular objects are golden with figures of standing warriors, used as a decoration for the sword sheath. There is a massive circular decoration for the King's armour. The handle of the rod is also golden. In the grave are placed golden vessels with two handles for drinking wine, also called kiliks, and a remarkable golden wreath with twigs, leaves and acorns and many other items.\n Passage 3:And in any case, people in Texas came to identify with the song. The work of the Austin-based group Asleep at the Wheel helped to keep popular knowledge of Wills going, and they collaborated with Clint Black on a new version of \"Bob Wills Is Still the King\" on a 1999 tribute album Ride With Bob. Another recording of the song by Asleep at the Wheel, this time in collaboration with Waylon's son Shooter Jennings together with Randy Rogers and Reckless Kelly, appeared on the 2015 effort . The song itself is collected on several Jennings live sets, compilations, and box sets, including RCA Country Legends (2001 compilation, includes studio version), Live from Austin, TX (recorded 1989, released 2006), and Nashville Rebel (2006 box set including studio version). Perhaps the most unexpected appearance was a performance by The Rolling Stones in Austin in 2006 during their A Bigger Bang Tour. Their arrangement featuring Ronnie Wood playing pedal steel guitar was captured on their 2007 The Biggest Bang concert DVD release.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Of the two places USS Corry headed to in November, which one is larger? Passage 1:The general outline of the Roman conquest of Britain during the 1st century AD is recorded by historical sources; for the involvement of specific forts historians depend on archaeological excavations. This part of Britain was occupied by a tribe known as the Cornovii. In AD 46–47 the Roman Army led by governor Aulus Plautius had probably occupied the lands to the south of the River Trent. Late in 47 the new governor of Britain, Ostorius Scapula, began a campaign against the tribes of the western mountains (modern Wales). Caratacus, their leader, was defeated in battle in AD 50 and fled to the Brigantes who occupied the Pennines. Their queen, Cartimandua, came to terms with the Romans and handed Caratacus over to them. Ostorius died and was replaced by Aulus Gallus who brought the Welsh borders under control but did not move further north or west. It was at about this time that the fort at Strutt's Park was built. It probably lay not far south of the border between Roman territory and that held by the Brigantes, who were now an allied or subject kingdom.\n Passage 2:In 1854 Klindworth went to London, where he remained for fourteen years, studying, teaching and occasionally appearing in public. From London Klindworth went to Moscow in 1868, following Nikolai Rubinstein's invitation to take up the position of professor of pianoforte at the Moscow Conservatory, where he first met Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as professor of harmony. While in Russia he completed his pianoforte arrangements for Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, which he had commenced during Wagner's visit to England in 1855, Beethoven's sonatas and also his critical edition of Frédéric Chopin's works. He then became conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1882, in association with Joseph Joachim and Franz Wüllner, being also the conductor of the Berlin Wagner Society. At this time, he established the Klindworths Musikschule, which later became the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory.\n Passage 3:Corry cleared Bermuda on 25 October 1942 for Casablanca to participate in the Moroccan landings, in the screen of the aircraft carrier . She left Casablanca 16 November for Norfolk and Boston, and after overhaul resumed her coastal and Caribbean operations until 13 February 1943, when she sailed on escort duty from Norfolk for north Africa, returning 6 March for operations in the western Atlantic. On 11 August she sailed for Scotland and operated with the British Home Fleet, cruising once to Norway as providing escort for Ranger in the successful Allied air raid on Bodø, Norway in October 1943 (Operation Leader). Corry sailed twice to Iceland to cover the movement of Russia-bound convoys. Returning to Boston on 3 December, Corry sailed on 24 December for escort duty to New Orleans and Panama.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What was the capacity of the venu where Port Vale F.C. suffered a loss of 7–3 to Shrewsbury Town? Passage 1:Bobby Lee Rodgers is an American musician who is currently a solo artist and leader of the Bobby Lee Rodgers Trio. He is a former member of The Codetalkers. Rodgers studied jazz and classical guitar at the University of Georgia. After his time at Georgia, Rodgers moved to Boston, where he taught jazz studies at the Berklee College of Music as their youngest instructor at age 23. Rodgers released his first solo album, Water Buffalo, in 1997 on ZC Records. In 1999, Rodgers formed The Codetalkers alongside Col. Bruce Hampton after meeting Hampton at the Variety Playhouse in Atlanta. The Codetalkers broke up in 2009, and Rodgers has since continued as a solo artist and as the leader of the Bobby Lee Rodgers Trio. On March 24, 2018, Rodgers supported the post-grunge act Bush at The Fillmore Miami. On May 5, 2018, Rodgers, along with Jimmie Vaughan and Blackfoot, supported Lynyrd Skynyrd at the MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre in Tampa, Florida as part of Lynyrd Skynyrd's The Last of the Street Survivors Farewell Tour.\n Passage 2:During the Song dynasty the first series of standard government Jiaozi notes were issued in 1024 with denominations like 1 guàn (貫, or 700 wén), 1 mín (緡, or 1000 wén), up to 10 guàn. In 1039 only banknotes of 5 guàn and 10 guàn were issued, and in 1068 a denomination of 1 guàn was introduced which became forty percent of all circulating Jiaozi banknotes. The Huizi also continued to use these currency units. Between the years of 1161 and 1166 the government of the Song dynasty had produced 28,000,000 dào (道, equal to a guàn or 1000 wén) in Huizi notes. The exchange rate between Guanzi banknotes and copper cash coins was 1 guàn for 770 wén while huizi notes of the eighteenth production period were valued at 3 guàn for 1 wén. During the last days of the Southern Song dynasty China was suffering from inflation to the poiint that the value of the Huizi had lowered so much that a guàn was only accepted at between 300 and 400 cash coins, which caused people to start hoarding these coins and remove them from circulation which had a devastating effect on the economy. As the Mongols continued marching south the Chinese military required more money causing the government to print an excessive amount of Huizi banknotes. The guàn currency unit would later also be used by the Jurchen Jin dynasty and the Mongol Yuan dynasty on their Jiaochao banknotes, though due to hyperinflation these currencies would not be able to be exchanged with any real cash coins and under Mongol rule non-paper forms of currency were abolished.\n Passage 3:The season began with two wins, but a run of one win in ten games then followed. In September, four of the five directors resigned, one of them (Len Cliff) stated that \"the club is being run by outsiders\". A new board was formed by November. Meanwhile, on 13 September the club suffered a loss of 7–3 at Gay Meadow to Shrewsbury Town, despite a Bobby Gough hat-trick – the match also saw a sending off, an attempted pitch invasion, and a £35 fine for Gordon Lee for remarks he made to referee Ricky Nicholson. Tommy McLaren then returned from injury to lead Vale on a four match winning streak that included a 2–0 win over fallen-giants Aston Villa in front of a Burslem crowd of 11,224 fans. Four straight defeats soon came after this sequence however, as Vale's form was patchy. In December, Ron Wilson left the club as he emigrated to South Africa due to his son's ill health. A 1–0 defeat at Villa Park on 16 January was the first of a nine match streak without a victory. At the end of the month Lee signed John Brodie from Northern Premier League side Bradford Park Avenue for £250. During this spell forward Sammy Morgan began to be jeered by fans after losing his scoring touch. He also began studying to be a teacher. Lee said that \"I really feel some of our lads have been singled out by the boo boys. If only they realised that encouragement can lift players, things would be so much better\". In February, Mark Singer resigned as chairman, and was replaced by Graham Bourne. By then the club were hovering above the relegation zone, but a record of just ten goals conceded in their final twelve games was enough to secure safety, with Brian Horton in good form.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What is the seating capacity of the stadium where Cooper's pass led to a winning goal for Watford during the semi-finals of the 1984 FA Cup? Passage 1:It has been a regular stop for professional wrestling promotions through the years, including the old NWA (Jim Crockett Promotions) Mid-Atlantic territory, and more recently, WWE. In recent years, it hosted the fifteenth WWF pay-per-view in 1997, WWE Armageddon on December 17, 2006, and hosted the televised portion of the 2010 WWE Draft. It held WWE Friday Night SmackDown on November 16, 2010. It held WWE Raw on Monday, June 6, 2011 featuring WWE Hall of Famer Steve Austin to announce the winner of WWE Tough Enough. It also held Monday Night Raw again May 21, 2012, immediately following Over the Limit in which John Cena lost a match against John Laurinaitis, with Laurinaitis only winning after The Big Show intervened. It also held WWE Friday Night SmackDown on December 30, 2012, the final WWE event of the year. It hosted the December 30th, 2013, the July 14, 2014 and the May 18, 2015 editions of Raw. On September 11, 2016, it hosted the return of Backlash. On May 28th, 2018, it hosted WWE Monday Night RAW for it's last time ever.\n Passage 2:In 2002, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) announced that it would acknowledge the site of Victoria Rink with \"a commemorative plaque or other historical site marker to remind the passers-by of the existence of the Victoria Skating Rink, the birthplace of organized hockey.\" The commemoration has been marked in two ways. On May 22, 2008, a commemorative plaque was dedicated at the nearby Centre Bell, along with a plaque honouring James Creighton. Further, the IIHF created the Victoria Cup, a trophy named for the arena, for which—along with 1 million Swiss francs—one National Hockey League team and the champion of the European Champions Hockey League play-off annually. The first Cup match was held in Berne, Switzerland on October 1, 2008 between the New York Rangers and the Metallurg Magnitogorsk. The next, and last, edition of the Victoria Cup was held in Zurich on September 29, 2009, between the ZSC Lions and the Chicago Blackhawks.\n Passage 3:He progressed through the youth system at Plymouth Argyle to make his first team debut in November 1979 against Colchester United. Having established himself as a regular on the left side of midfield, he scored his first of 18 goals for the club in January 1981 against Millwall. Cooper became one of the youngest players to captain a side in the Football League, at the age of 22, when he was given the armband by Johnny Hore, the club's manager and a former Argyle player. He helped the club reach the semi-finals of the FA Cup in 1984, leading the side out against Watford at Villa Park, but his stray pass led to the winning goal for their opponents. He lost his place in the side the following year before being converted into a full back, and he was a key member of Dave Smith's team that gained promotion to the Second Division in 1986.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What is the capacity of Derby's Pride Park stadium? Passage 1:As a result of Hull finishing in fourth place in the Championship they qualified for the Football League play-offs. In the play-off semi finals Hull played against fifth placed team Derby County over two legs. The first leg was held on 14 May 2016 at Derby's Pride Park. Hull's top scorer Abel Hernández was the first to score with a strike from 25 yards after half an hour. This was followed 10 minutes later with a shot by Moses Odubajo deflected in by defender Jason Shackell. Andrew Robertson completed the scoring with a late stoppage time goal to give Hull a 3–0 advantage going into the second leg at the KC Stadium on 17 May 2016. Derby got off to a great start with a goal from close range by Johnny Russell after 7 minutes. Their lead was doubled when a sliced ball by Andrew Robertson went into his own net 30 minutes later. Derby continued to press but Hull hung on to deny them any further scores. The match ended 2–0 to Derby, but Hull progressed 3–2 on aggregate, much to the relief of manager Steve Bruce who was in charge for the 200th time. The final, on 28 May 2016 at Wembley Stadium, was a local derby against Sheffield Wednesday who beat Brighton & Hove Albion 3–1 on aggregate in the other semi-final. Hull beat Sheffield Wednesday 1–0 in the final with the only goal coming from a 25-yard wonder strike by Mohamed Diamé in the 72nd minute. The Tigers made an immediate return to the top flight and it was Bruce's fourth promotion to the Premier League as manager.\n Passage 2:Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Football Club (His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Brunei Football Club in English, commonly known as DPMM FC) is a professional football club based in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. The club played in the Brunei Premier League in the early 2000s, winning the league title in 2002 and 2004. The club then decided to play in Malaysia, and joined the Malaysian Premier League as a foreign-based team in for the 2005–06 season. They won promotion to the Malaysian Super League (the top tier of Malaysian football) at the end of their first season in Malaysian football, and then finished 3rd and 10th in the following two season in the Super League. The club then left the Malaysian league and joined Singapore's Singapore Premier League for the 2009 season. They won the Singapore League Cup, but were then forced to withdraw from the league competition five games before the end of the season after FIFA suspended the Football Association of Brunei Darussalam for government interference in its affairs, thus barring teams from Brunei from taking part in overseas competitions. All the club's league results for 2009 were therefore expunged. At the end of the suspension, they re-entered the S.League and won the title in 2015, just after a near-miss in 2014.\n Passage 3:Al-Maqrīzī was born in Fatimid Cairo and spent most of his life in Egypt, When he presents himself in his books he usually stops at the 10th forefather although he confessed to some of his close friends that he can trace his ancestry to Al-Mu‘izz li-Dīn Allāh -first Fatimid caliph in Egypt and the founder of al-Qahirah- and even to Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was trained in the Hanafite school of law. Later, he switched to the Shafi'ite school and finally to the Zahirite school. Maqrizi studied theology under one of the primary masterminds behind the Zahiri Revolt, and his vocal support and sympathy with that revolt against the Mamluks likely cost him higher administrative and clerical positions with the Mamluk regime. The name Maqrizi was an attribution to a quarter of the city of Baalbek, from where his paternal grandparents hailed. Maqrizi confessed to his contemporaries that he believed that he was related to the Fatimids through the son of al-Muizz. Ibn Hajar preserves the most memorable account: his father, as they entered the al-Hakim Mosque one day, told him \"My son, you are entering the mosque of your ancestor.\" However, his father also instructed al-Maqrizi not to reveal this information to anyone he could not trust; Walker concludes:\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: How many years had the Northern Ireland Trophy been established when Liang Wenbo reached at least the second round of qualifying in every ranking event? Passage 1:Jenkins was born in Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorgan on 30 January 1828. His father, William David Jenkins, could allegedly trace his ancestry back to Iestyn ap Gwrgant, the last Prince of Morgannwg. After attending Taliesin Williams's school in Merthyr Tydfil and Cowbridge Grammar School, Jenkins studied at Oxford University, matriculating at Jesus College in 1846 with the benefit of the Sir Leoline Jenkins scholarship. He studied Literae Humaniores, obtaining a third-class BA degree in 1850. He subsequently obtained further degrees: M.A. in 1852, BD in 1859 and DD in 1871. He became a good classical and oriental scholar whilst at Oxford, developing a fluency in modern languages in later life. Whilst an undergraduate, he tried and failed on several occasions for the Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew Scholarship; after his final failure, Dr Pusey presented him with some books to acknowledge his abilities in Hebrew.\n Passage 2:During the 2006/07 season, Liang reached at least the second round of qualifying in every ranking event. At the Northern Ireland Trophy, he beat Robert Stephen 5–0 before falling to David Gilbert 0–5 in qualifying. However, at the Grand Prix, Liang came top of his qualifying group, above more experienced players such as Gerard Greene and Barry Pinches. He finished fourth in his group at the round-robin stage, and although he did not progress to the next round, he did beat former world champion and world number one Stephen Hendry 3–0. At the UK Championship, he lost in the second round of qualifying to Jamie Burnett 7–9. In the following ranking event, the Malta Cup, he lost to Joe Jogia 3–5, again in the second round of qualifying. He qualified for the Welsh Open, his third ranking tournament, by beating Dene O'Kane, Joe Jogia and Mark Davis. He met Nigel Bond again in the last 48, this time losing only 3–5.\n Passage 3:The Sweden national football team has traditionally been a strong team in international football, with eleven World Cup appearances—collecting one silver and two bronze medals—and three medals in the Olympics, including one gold. Sweden played its first international game against Norway in 1908 and competed in an international tournament, the Summer Olympics, for the first time the same year. Since then, Sweden has regularly qualified for the World Cup and the Olympics as well as the European Championships. The best results in the World Cup are a second place (as hosts) in the 1958 and two third places in 1950 and 1994. In the Olympics, Sweden has won the gold medal in 1948 as well as two bronze medals in 1924 and 1952. The best result in the European Championship is a semi-final loss in 1992 as hosts of the tournament.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who won first place in the 2011 and 2013 J.League Cups? Passage 1:As a youth, Quinn had preferred Gaelic football and hurling to soccer. It was not until he was fourteen that he began to play the game regularly in the Down & Connor League with Corpus Christi Youth Club and Blessed Oliver Plunkett Youth Club (Now St. Oliver Plunkett FC). In 1978, he began his playing career with Larne F.C. In 1979, he signed with Everton F.C. between 1979 and 1981, but spent his entire time on the reserve squad. In 1981, Quinn moved to the US to join the Los Angeles Aztecs of the North American Soccer League. When the Aztecs folded at the end of the season, he moved to the Montreal Manic for 1982 and 1983 outdoor seasons. The Manic folded at the end of the 1983 season, and Quinn signed with the San Diego Sockers as they prepared for the 1983–1984 NASL indoor season. In 1984, he played the last NASL season with the Sockers. In the fall of 1984, the Sockers jumped to the Major Indoor Soccer League as the NASL collapsed. He also played a season in the Canadian Soccer League in the late '80s with the Hamilton Steelers. Brian played seven MISL seasons Sockers winning six championships. In 1987, he played one outdoor season with the Hamilton Steelers of the Canadian Soccer League. In August 1991, he announced that he was leaving the team to sign with the US national team. In October 1991, the national team sent Quinn on loan back to the Sockers until January 1992.\n Passage 2:Kato was born in Ageo on 11 December 1984. He joined J1 League club Urawa Reds from youth team in 2003. Although Reds won the many title 2006 J1 League, 2007 AFC Champions League and so on, he could hardly play in the match behind Ryota Tsuzuki and Norihiro Yamagishi until 2010. He became a regular goalkeeper in 2011 and Reds won the 2nd place in 2011 and 2013 J.League Cup. However he lost his regular position behind Shusaku Nishikawa in 2014. In 2015, he moved to Saitama's cross town rivals, Omiya Ardija in J2 League. He played as regular goalkeeper and Ardija was promoted to J1 end of 2015 season. Although his opportunity to play decreased from 2016, he played many matches while battling with Hitoshi Shiota for the position. However Ardija finished at the bottom place in 2017 season and was relegated to J2. He could not play at all in the match behind Takashi Kasahara in 2018. In 2019, he moved to J2 club Kyoto Sanga FC.\n Passage 3:After a series of co-starring film roles, Lopez had her breakthrough when she was cast in the title role of Selena (1997), a biographical film about American singer-songwriter Selena Quintanilla-Pérez. Working on the film inspired her to launch a music career, with Lopez saying: \"I started my career in musical theater on stage. So doing the movie just reminded me of how much I missed singing, dancing, and the like...\" After filming Selena, Lopez was \"really feeling [her] Latin roots\" and recorded a demo record in Spanish. Her manager sent the song (\"Vivir Sin Ti\") to Sony Music Entertainment's Work Group, which was interested in signing Lopez. Tommy Mottola, the head of the label, suggested that she sing in English and she began recording her debut album, On the 6. Her decision to launch a musical career was seen as a risk, as film stars had a \"patchy record\" when it came to releasing pop music, and \"If the album was a flop, not only would it embarrass Lopez but it might even damage her career.\" Lopez originally believed that \"Feelin' So Good\" was to be released as the album's lead single. \"If You Had My Love\" was produced by Rodney Jerkins; Lopez recorded her vocals for the song at Sony Music Studios in New York City with engineers Franklyn Grant and Robb Williams. The song was later mixed by Tony Maserati at The Hit Factory in New York City, and subsequently mastered by Herb Powers at Powers House of Sound. Shawnyette Harrell and Jennifer Karr served as backing vocalists.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Which of the players Liang Wenbo faced in the qualifying event at the Northern Ireland Trophy was older? Passage 1:Jenkins was born in Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorgan on 30 January 1828. His father, William David Jenkins, could allegedly trace his ancestry back to Iestyn ap Gwrgant, the last Prince of Morgannwg. After attending Taliesin Williams's school in Merthyr Tydfil and Cowbridge Grammar School, Jenkins studied at Oxford University, matriculating at Jesus College in 1846 with the benefit of the Sir Leoline Jenkins scholarship. He studied Literae Humaniores, obtaining a third-class BA degree in 1850. He subsequently obtained further degrees: M.A. in 1852, BD in 1859 and DD in 1871. He became a good classical and oriental scholar whilst at Oxford, developing a fluency in modern languages in later life. Whilst an undergraduate, he tried and failed on several occasions for the Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew Scholarship; after his final failure, Dr Pusey presented him with some books to acknowledge his abilities in Hebrew.\n Passage 2:The Sweden national football team has traditionally been a strong team in international football, with eleven World Cup appearances—collecting one silver and two bronze medals—and three medals in the Olympics, including one gold. Sweden played its first international game against Norway in 1908 and competed in an international tournament, the Summer Olympics, for the first time the same year. Since then, Sweden has regularly qualified for the World Cup and the Olympics as well as the European Championships. The best results in the World Cup are a second place (as hosts) in the 1958 and two third places in 1950 and 1994. In the Olympics, Sweden has won the gold medal in 1948 as well as two bronze medals in 1924 and 1952. The best result in the European Championship is a semi-final loss in 1992 as hosts of the tournament.\n Passage 3:During the 2006/07 season, Liang reached at least the second round of qualifying in every ranking event. At the Northern Ireland Trophy, he beat Robert Stephen 5–0 before falling to David Gilbert 0–5 in qualifying. However, at the Grand Prix, Liang came top of his qualifying group, above more experienced players such as Gerard Greene and Barry Pinches. He finished fourth in his group at the round-robin stage, and although he did not progress to the next round, he did beat former world champion and world number one Stephen Hendry 3–0. At the UK Championship, he lost in the second round of qualifying to Jamie Burnett 7–9. In the following ranking event, the Malta Cup, he lost to Joe Jogia 3–5, again in the second round of qualifying. He qualified for the Welsh Open, his third ranking tournament, by beating Dene O'Kane, Joe Jogia and Mark Davis. He met Nigel Bond again in the last 48, this time losing only 3–5.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Does South Australia have a lot of wetlands? Passage 1:Following Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, and the entry of the United States into World War II in December 1941, the Soviet Union became a less attractive patron for Sheng than the Kuomintang. By 1943 Sheng Shicai switched his allegiance to the Kuomintang after major Soviet defeats at the hands of the Germans in World War II, all Soviet Red Army military forces and technicians residing in the province were expelled, and the Republic of China National Revolutionary Army units and soldiers belonging to Ma Bufang moved into Xinjiang to take control of the province. Ma Bufang helped the Kuomintang build roads linking Qinghai and Xinjiang, which helped both of them bring Xinjiang under their influence. At August 1942 Sheng met Dekanozov, former Soviet ambassador to Nazi Germany and Vice Commissar of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, in Ürümqi and demanded that the Soviet Union withdraw all military forces and political officers from Xinjiang in three months and remove all Soviet equipment from the territory of Soviet Concessions, including closing the Soviet oil fields in Tushangze (Jungaria) and the Soviet Aircraft Manufacturing Plant in Ürümqi. On 29 August 1942, the day after Dekanozov left Ürümqi, Sheng met Madame Chiang Kai-shek, wife of the Chinese Generalissimo, who flew to Ürümqi with a letter from Chiang Kai-shek promising his forgiveness to Sheng for all of his previous deals. Sheng was appointed the head of the Kuomintang branch in Xinjiang in 1943 and allowed Kuomintang cadres into the province. To forge his ties with Kuomintang, on 17 September 1942 Sheng arrested a number of Chinese communists sent to Xinjiang by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1938 and executed them in 1943. Among the executed was Mao Zemin, brother of Mao Zedong. In the summer of 1944, following the German defeat on the Eastern Front, Sheng attempted to reassert control over Xinjiang and turned to the Soviet Union for support again. He arrested a number of Kuomintang cadres in Ürümqi and sent a letter to Stalin offering to \"incorporate Xinjiang into USSR as its 18th Soviet Socialistic Republic.\" Sheng Shicai asked Stalin for the post of ruler of the new Soviet Republic. Stalin refused to deal with Sheng and forwarded the confidential letter to Chiang Kai-shek. As a result, the Kuomintang removed him from the province in August 1944 and appointed him to a low-level post in the Ministry of Forestry in Chongqing.\n Passage 2:The Coongie Lakes is a freshwater wetland system located in the Far North region of South Australia. The lakes system is located approximately north of the Adelaide city centre. The wetlands includes lakes, channels, billabongs, shallow floodplains, deltas, and interdune swamps. It lies on the floodplain of Cooper Creek, an ephemeral river flowing through a desert landscape in the Lake Eyre Basin which rarely, after occasional large floods, empties into Lake Eyre. The wetland system has been recognised both as being of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention with a listing on 15 June 1987 and being nationally important within Australia with a listing in A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA). Its extent includes the regional town of Innamincka, the Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park, the Innamincka Regional Reserve, the Strzelecki Regional Reserve and the Coongie Lakes Important Bird Area.\n Passage 3:The oldest true fossils of baleen are only 15 million years old because baleen rarely fossilizes, and scientists believe it originated considerably earlier than that. This is indicated by baleen-related skull modifications being found in fossils from considerably earlier, including a buttress of bone in the upper jaw beneath the eyes, and loose lower jaw bones at the chin. Baleen is believed to have evolved around 30 million years ago, possibly from a hard, gummy upper jaw, like the one a Dall's porpoise has; it closely resembles baleen at the microscopic level. The initial evolution and radiation of baleen plates is believed to have occurred during Early Oligocene when Antarctica broke off from Gondwana and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was formed, increasing productivity of ocean environments. This occurred because the current kept warm ocean waters away from the area that is now Antarctica, producing steep gradients in temperature, salinity, light, and nutrients, where the warm water meets the cold.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Which river involved in shipbuilding in the North East region of England is the longest? Passage 1:During the presidential campaign of 1948, as Cold War fears of communist global expansion mounted, critics of the Truman administration heatedly raised the question \"Who Lost China?.\" Criticism mounted after Truman's surprising victory in the election as the Communist Party of China led by Mao Zedong steadily defeated Chinese Nationalist armies of Chiang Kai-shek and was winning the Chinese Civil War. In November 1948 John Paton Davies proposed a collection of documents to explain and defend American policy in China to the American public, an idea that Secretary of State Dean Acheson ordered his staff to prepare. The group was headed by the Director of the Far Eastern Division, Walton Butterworth but much of the work was done by John F. Melby, who had served for the State Department in the Soviet Union and China during the war, and by Charles Yost. The 1054 page volume was published August 1949, as Mao and his retinue waited outside the city of Beiping, as Beijing was then called, \n Passage 2:In February 1984, Nissan and the UK government signed an agreement to build a car plant in the UK. The following month a greenfield site in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, was chosen. As an incentive the land was offered to Nissan at agricultural prices; around £1,800 per acre. The North East region of England had recently undergone a period of industrial decline, with the closure of most of the shipyards on the Wear and Tyne, and the closure of many coal mines on the once prosperous Durham coalfield. The high unemployment this caused meant Nissan had a large, eager, manufacturing-skilled workforce to draw upon. The site, once the Sunderland Airfield (formerly RAF Usworth), was close to ports on the Wear and Tyne, within easy driving distance of the international Newcastle Airport, and close to major trunk roads such as the A1 and A19, as well as major ports for the export of vehicles. The established company became known as Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd, or NMUK. A ground breaking ceremony took place in July, and work began on the site in November 1984, by building contractors Sir Robert McAlpine.\n Passage 3:In 1918, Seymour met Victor Heerman. Heerman directed a screen test featuring Seymour and one of D.W. Griffith's Artcraft stock company actors Robert Harron. Griffith was pleased with the pairing and with Seymour's knack for light comedy and hired her as member of his stock company. Griffith cast Seymour with Harron, Richard Barthelmess and Carol Dempster in the drama The Girl Who Stayed at Home (1919). Although the film was not well received by critics, Seymour's performance was and the public interest in her began to grow. Later that year, she was paired with Robert Harron again in True Heart Susie (1919) which also featured Lillian Gish. Seymour followed with role in Scarlet Days (1919), also opposite Richard Barthelmess and Carol Dempster. In 1920, Griffith cast Seymour in the lead role in The Idol Dancer. The film was not well received by audiences but they were taken by Seymour's performance. Shortly after the film's release, Seymour was featured on the cover of Motion Picture Magazine.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Is there a high aboriginal population in Innamincka? Passage 1:Following Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, and the entry of the United States into World War II in December 1941, the Soviet Union became a less attractive patron for Sheng than the Kuomintang. By 1943 Sheng Shicai switched his allegiance to the Kuomintang after major Soviet defeats at the hands of the Germans in World War II, all Soviet Red Army military forces and technicians residing in the province were expelled, and the Republic of China National Revolutionary Army units and soldiers belonging to Ma Bufang moved into Xinjiang to take control of the province. Ma Bufang helped the Kuomintang build roads linking Qinghai and Xinjiang, which helped both of them bring Xinjiang under their influence. At August 1942 Sheng met Dekanozov, former Soviet ambassador to Nazi Germany and Vice Commissar of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, in Ürümqi and demanded that the Soviet Union withdraw all military forces and political officers from Xinjiang in three months and remove all Soviet equipment from the territory of Soviet Concessions, including closing the Soviet oil fields in Tushangze (Jungaria) and the Soviet Aircraft Manufacturing Plant in Ürümqi. On 29 August 1942, the day after Dekanozov left Ürümqi, Sheng met Madame Chiang Kai-shek, wife of the Chinese Generalissimo, who flew to Ürümqi with a letter from Chiang Kai-shek promising his forgiveness to Sheng for all of his previous deals. Sheng was appointed the head of the Kuomintang branch in Xinjiang in 1943 and allowed Kuomintang cadres into the province. To forge his ties with Kuomintang, on 17 September 1942 Sheng arrested a number of Chinese communists sent to Xinjiang by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1938 and executed them in 1943. Among the executed was Mao Zemin, brother of Mao Zedong. In the summer of 1944, following the German defeat on the Eastern Front, Sheng attempted to reassert control over Xinjiang and turned to the Soviet Union for support again. He arrested a number of Kuomintang cadres in Ürümqi and sent a letter to Stalin offering to \"incorporate Xinjiang into USSR as its 18th Soviet Socialistic Republic.\" Sheng Shicai asked Stalin for the post of ruler of the new Soviet Republic. Stalin refused to deal with Sheng and forwarded the confidential letter to Chiang Kai-shek. As a result, the Kuomintang removed him from the province in August 1944 and appointed him to a low-level post in the Ministry of Forestry in Chongqing.\n Passage 2:The oldest true fossils of baleen are only 15 million years old because baleen rarely fossilizes, and scientists believe it originated considerably earlier than that. This is indicated by baleen-related skull modifications being found in fossils from considerably earlier, including a buttress of bone in the upper jaw beneath the eyes, and loose lower jaw bones at the chin. Baleen is believed to have evolved around 30 million years ago, possibly from a hard, gummy upper jaw, like the one a Dall's porpoise has; it closely resembles baleen at the microscopic level. The initial evolution and radiation of baleen plates is believed to have occurred during Early Oligocene when Antarctica broke off from Gondwana and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was formed, increasing productivity of ocean environments. This occurred because the current kept warm ocean waters away from the area that is now Antarctica, producing steep gradients in temperature, salinity, light, and nutrients, where the warm water meets the cold.\n Passage 3:The Coongie Lakes is a freshwater wetland system located in the Far North region of South Australia. The lakes system is located approximately north of the Adelaide city centre. The wetlands includes lakes, channels, billabongs, shallow floodplains, deltas, and interdune swamps. It lies on the floodplain of Cooper Creek, an ephemeral river flowing through a desert landscape in the Lake Eyre Basin which rarely, after occasional large floods, empties into Lake Eyre. The wetland system has been recognised both as being of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention with a listing on 15 June 1987 and being nationally important within Australia with a listing in A Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA). Its extent includes the regional town of Innamincka, the Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park, the Innamincka Regional Reserve, the Strzelecki Regional Reserve and the Coongie Lakes Important Bird Area.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: In what city is the venue where Del Potro beat Roger Federer? Passage 1:During World War II it was one of the few cartridges used by both the Axis and Allied powers, a distinction it shared with the 9×19mm Parabellum pistol round. Apart from being the standard rifle cartridge of the German and Polish armed forces, it was also used by the armed forces of Great Britain in the Besa machine gun, which was mounted in some of their tanks and other armoured vehicles, as well as being extensively used by the Chinese, especially early in the war. After World War II it was used by the early Bundeswehr of West Germany. Later, when Egypt decided to manufacture the Hakim rifle, a licensed copy of the Swedish Ag m/42, they redesigned the breech to accept the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge rather than use the original 6.5×55mm Ag m/42 cartridge. Its military use continues today (2012) in the former Yugoslavia in the Zastava M76 sniper rifle and the license-built copy of the MG 42, the M53 Šarac machine gun.\n Passage 2:In February 2008 Speranza was appointed by PD's secretary Walter Veltroni to the national committee of Young Democrats, with the task of creating the new youth organization of the Democratic Party. On 9 November 2009 he was elected regional secretary of the PD for Basilicata. After supporting Pier Luigi Bersani in the 2012 primary election for the choice of the centre-left candidate for Prime Minister in the 2013 general election, he was selected by Bersani to coordinate his 2013 electoral campaign. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, thanks to a majority bonus that has effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force, while in the popular vote it narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Close behind, the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force, clearly ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament. Speranza was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in Basilicata's electoral constituency.\n Passage 3:Juan Martín del Potro reached the quarter-finals of the first slam of the year in the Australian Open losing to Roger Federer. He then reached his first final of the year at the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament losing to Federer once again. However, he bounced back by winning his first title of the year at the Open 13 defeating Michaël Llodra in the final. At the Estoril Open, successfully defended his title by defeating Richard Gasquet . At the French Open he reached the quarter-finals but fell to Federer for the fifth time in the year despite leading two sets to love he lost. At Wimbledon he was handily defeated by David Ferrer in the fourth round. He bounced back at the Olympics winning the Bronze Medal match over Novak Djokovic after losing to Federer in the semifinals. At the US Open he reached his third slam quarter-finals of the year but lost once again this time to Djokovic. He won his third title of the year at the Erste Bank Open defeating qualifier Grega Žemlja in the final. At the Swiss Indoors Basel, Del Potro got his fourth championship of the year after beating Roger Federer. This is the third time del Potro has qualified for the event.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who was the Gold Medal recipient at the Olympics where del Potro received the Bronze medal? Passage 1:During World War II it was one of the few cartridges used by both the Axis and Allied powers, a distinction it shared with the 9×19mm Parabellum pistol round. Apart from being the standard rifle cartridge of the German and Polish armed forces, it was also used by the armed forces of Great Britain in the Besa machine gun, which was mounted in some of their tanks and other armoured vehicles, as well as being extensively used by the Chinese, especially early in the war. After World War II it was used by the early Bundeswehr of West Germany. Later, when Egypt decided to manufacture the Hakim rifle, a licensed copy of the Swedish Ag m/42, they redesigned the breech to accept the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge rather than use the original 6.5×55mm Ag m/42 cartridge. Its military use continues today (2012) in the former Yugoslavia in the Zastava M76 sniper rifle and the license-built copy of the MG 42, the M53 Šarac machine gun.\n Passage 2:In February 2008 Speranza was appointed by PD's secretary Walter Veltroni to the national committee of Young Democrats, with the task of creating the new youth organization of the Democratic Party. On 9 November 2009 he was elected regional secretary of the PD for Basilicata. After supporting Pier Luigi Bersani in the 2012 primary election for the choice of the centre-left candidate for Prime Minister in the 2013 general election, he was selected by Bersani to coordinate his 2013 electoral campaign. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, thanks to a majority bonus that has effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force, while in the popular vote it narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Close behind, the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force, clearly ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament. Speranza was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in Basilicata's electoral constituency.\n Passage 3:Juan Martín del Potro reached the quarter-finals of the first slam of the year in the Australian Open losing to Roger Federer. He then reached his first final of the year at the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament losing to Federer once again. However, he bounced back by winning his first title of the year at the Open 13 defeating Michaël Llodra in the final. At the Estoril Open, successfully defended his title by defeating Richard Gasquet . At the French Open he reached the quarter-finals but fell to Federer for the fifth time in the year despite leading two sets to love he lost. At Wimbledon he was handily defeated by David Ferrer in the fourth round. He bounced back at the Olympics winning the Bronze Medal match over Novak Djokovic after losing to Federer in the semifinals. At the US Open he reached his third slam quarter-finals of the year but lost once again this time to Djokovic. He won his third title of the year at the Erste Bank Open defeating qualifier Grega Žemlja in the final. At the Swiss Indoors Basel, Del Potro got his fourth championship of the year after beating Roger Federer. This is the third time del Potro has qualified for the event.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: In what venue did the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament take place where del Potro reached his first final of the year? Passage 1:During World War II it was one of the few cartridges used by both the Axis and Allied powers, a distinction it shared with the 9×19mm Parabellum pistol round. Apart from being the standard rifle cartridge of the German and Polish armed forces, it was also used by the armed forces of Great Britain in the Besa machine gun, which was mounted in some of their tanks and other armoured vehicles, as well as being extensively used by the Chinese, especially early in the war. After World War II it was used by the early Bundeswehr of West Germany. Later, when Egypt decided to manufacture the Hakim rifle, a licensed copy of the Swedish Ag m/42, they redesigned the breech to accept the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge rather than use the original 6.5×55mm Ag m/42 cartridge. Its military use continues today (2012) in the former Yugoslavia in the Zastava M76 sniper rifle and the license-built copy of the MG 42, the M53 Šarac machine gun.\n Passage 2:Juan Martín del Potro reached the quarter-finals of the first slam of the year in the Australian Open losing to Roger Federer. He then reached his first final of the year at the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament losing to Federer once again. However, he bounced back by winning his first title of the year at the Open 13 defeating Michaël Llodra in the final. At the Estoril Open, successfully defended his title by defeating Richard Gasquet . At the French Open he reached the quarter-finals but fell to Federer for the fifth time in the year despite leading two sets to love he lost. At Wimbledon he was handily defeated by David Ferrer in the fourth round. He bounced back at the Olympics winning the Bronze Medal match over Novak Djokovic after losing to Federer in the semifinals. At the US Open he reached his third slam quarter-finals of the year but lost once again this time to Djokovic. He won his third title of the year at the Erste Bank Open defeating qualifier Grega Žemlja in the final. At the Swiss Indoors Basel, Del Potro got his fourth championship of the year after beating Roger Federer. This is the third time del Potro has qualified for the event.\n Passage 3:In February 2008 Speranza was appointed by PD's secretary Walter Veltroni to the national committee of Young Democrats, with the task of creating the new youth organization of the Democratic Party. On 9 November 2009 he was elected regional secretary of the PD for Basilicata. After supporting Pier Luigi Bersani in the 2012 primary election for the choice of the centre-left candidate for Prime Minister in the 2013 general election, he was selected by Bersani to coordinate his 2013 electoral campaign. The centre-left alliance Italy Common Good obtained a clear majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, thanks to a majority bonus that has effectively trebled the number of seats assigned to the winning force, while in the popular vote it narrowly defeated the centre-right alliance of former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Close behind, the new anti-establishment Five Star Movement of comedian Beppe Grillo became the third force, clearly ahead of the centrist coalition of outgoing Prime Minister Mario Monti. In the Senate, no political group or party won an outright majority, resulting in a hung parliament. Speranza was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in Basilicata's electoral constituency.\n"
]
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who did Jerry Tarkanian replace as coach of the Spurs? Passage 1:Born in Salem, New Jersey, he attended private schools, and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, before graduating from Union College, New York, in 1855. While at Union he became a member of Theta Delta Chi. After his collegiate career, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858, commencing the practice of law in Salem. During the Civil War Sinnickson served as Captain in the Union Army. He was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth United States Congresses, serving in office from March 4, 1875 to March 3, 1879. After his stint in Washington, he resumed the practice of law in Salem. He also served as a delegate to the 1880 Republican National Convention, and he was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1896 and reappointed in 1901 and 1906.\n Passage 2:The 1992–93 NBA season was the Spurs' 17th season in the National Basketball Association, and 26th season as a franchise. During the offseason, Terry Cummings suffered a serious knee injury and only played in the final eight games of the season. With the acquisition of Dale Ellis from the Milwaukee Bucks and signing free agent Vinny Del Negro, plus re-signing Avery Johnson after a brief stint with the Houston Rockets, the Spurs struggled with a 9–11 start to the season as new head coach Jerry Tarkanian was fired. After playing one game under Rex Hughes, the team hired John Lucas II as their new coach. At midseason, they acquired J.R. Reid from the Charlotte Hornets. Under Lucas, the Spurs would play solid basketball posting a 10-game winning streak in January, then winning eight straight in February, finishing second in the Midwest Division with a 49–33 record. David Robinson and Sean Elliott were both selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game. \n Passage 3:Baldwin built many 4-4-0 \"American\" type locomotives (the locomotive that built America). Surviving examples of which include the 1872 Countess of Dufferin and 1875's Virginia and Truckee Railroad No.22 \"Inyo\", but it was perhaps best known for the 2-8-2 \"Mikado\" and 2-8-0 \"Consolidation\" types. It was also well known for the unique cab-forward 4-8-8-2 articulateds built for the Southern Pacific Company and massive 2-10-2 for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Baldwin also produced their most powerful steam engines in history, the 2-8-8-4 \"Yellowstone\" for the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway. The Yellowstone could put down over of Tractive force. They routinely hauled 180 car trains weighing over . The Yellowstones were so good that the DM&IR refused to part with them; they hauled ore trains well into the diesel era, and the last one retired in 1963. Three have been preserved. One of Baldwin's last new and improved locomotive designs were the 4-8-4 \"Northern\" locomotives. Baldwin's last domestic steam locomotives were 2-6-6-2s built for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1949. Baldwin 60000, the company's 1926 demonstration steam locomotive, is on display at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. On a separate note, the restored and running 2-6-2 steam locomotive at Fort Edmonton Park was built by Baldwin in 1919.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who was the coach of the team that Persall made his debut for in 1974? Passage 1:The 2003–04 NBA season was the 34th season for the Portland Trail Blazers in the National Basketball Association. After years of off the court troubles and playoff underachieving, the Blazers under new General Manager John Nash, decided to rebuild. Throughout the season, the Blazers dealt away talented but troubled stars like trading Bonzi Wells, after losing his co-captain title, to the Memphis Grizzlies in November, and trading Rasheed Wallace to the Atlanta Hawks for Shareef Abdur-Rahim and Theo Ratliff in February. However, after appearing in only one game with the Hawks, Sheed was again traded to the Detroit Pistons for the rest of the season. The Pistons would eventually win the NBA Finals of that year, giving Wallace his first championship. The team also sent Jeff McInnis to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Darius Miles.\n Passage 2:Pearsall made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1974 Minor Counties Championship against Shropshire. Pearsall played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1974 to 1981, which included 29 Minor Counties Championship matches. In 1975, he made his List A debut for Staffordshire against Leicestershire in the Gillette Cup. He made 2 further appearances in List A cricket for the county, against Devon in the 1st round of the 1978 Gillette Cup and Sussex in the 2nd round of the same competition. In his 3 List A matches for the county, he scored 49 runs at an average of 16.33, with a high score of 34. He later made 2 List A appearances for the Minor Counties North in the 1979 Benson & Hedges Cup against Middlesex and Kent. In these matches, he scored 17 runs at an average of 8.50, with a high score of 9.\n Passage 3:On 5 March 2012, O'Kelly was appointed manager of Hereford United, replacing Jamie Pitman, who stayed on at Edgar Street as a coach. He took charge with the club two places and two points above the League Two relegation zone, and signed a contract until the end of the 2011–12 season. On taking charge he said \"It's my first job as manager but what better team to start with. We've got 12 games to show and prove to people just what we can do.\" He got his first point in charge at the club the following day, when his side squandered a two-goal lead to draw 2–2 with Macclesfield Town at Moss Rose. Four days later they beat Morecambe 1–0 at the Globe Arena, further boosting their chances of survival. He later signed full-back James Chambers and winger James Baxendale on loan from Doncaster Rovers. To avoid relegation on the last day of the campaign, the \"Bulls\" needed to beat Torquay United and hope Burton Albion could avoid defeat at home to Barnet. Chairman David Keyte said that he should have appointed O'Kelly earlier in the season. His team won a futile 3–2 victory, as a win for Barnet sent Hereford back down to the Conference. He was asked to remain in charge for the subsequent Conference campaign, but declined the offer.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Who did the Spurs trade to the Bucks for Dale Ellis? Passage 1:Born in Salem, New Jersey, he attended private schools, and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, before graduating from Union College, New York, in 1855. While at Union he became a member of Theta Delta Chi. After his collegiate career, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858, commencing the practice of law in Salem. During the Civil War Sinnickson served as Captain in the Union Army. He was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth United States Congresses, serving in office from March 4, 1875 to March 3, 1879. After his stint in Washington, he resumed the practice of law in Salem. He also served as a delegate to the 1880 Republican National Convention, and he was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1896 and reappointed in 1901 and 1906.\n Passage 2:Baldwin built many 4-4-0 \"American\" type locomotives (the locomotive that built America). Surviving examples of which include the 1872 Countess of Dufferin and 1875's Virginia and Truckee Railroad No.22 \"Inyo\", but it was perhaps best known for the 2-8-2 \"Mikado\" and 2-8-0 \"Consolidation\" types. It was also well known for the unique cab-forward 4-8-8-2 articulateds built for the Southern Pacific Company and massive 2-10-2 for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Baldwin also produced their most powerful steam engines in history, the 2-8-8-4 \"Yellowstone\" for the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway. The Yellowstone could put down over of Tractive force. They routinely hauled 180 car trains weighing over . The Yellowstones were so good that the DM&IR refused to part with them; they hauled ore trains well into the diesel era, and the last one retired in 1963. Three have been preserved. One of Baldwin's last new and improved locomotive designs were the 4-8-4 \"Northern\" locomotives. Baldwin's last domestic steam locomotives were 2-6-6-2s built for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1949. Baldwin 60000, the company's 1926 demonstration steam locomotive, is on display at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. On a separate note, the restored and running 2-6-2 steam locomotive at Fort Edmonton Park was built by Baldwin in 1919.\n Passage 3:The 1992–93 NBA season was the Spurs' 17th season in the National Basketball Association, and 26th season as a franchise. During the offseason, Terry Cummings suffered a serious knee injury and only played in the final eight games of the season. With the acquisition of Dale Ellis from the Milwaukee Bucks and signing free agent Vinny Del Negro, plus re-signing Avery Johnson after a brief stint with the Houston Rockets, the Spurs struggled with a 9–11 start to the season as new head coach Jerry Tarkanian was fired. After playing one game under Rex Hughes, the team hired John Lucas II as their new coach. At midseason, they acquired J.R. Reid from the Charlotte Hornets. Under Lucas, the Spurs would play solid basketball posting a 10-game winning streak in January, then winning eight straight in February, finishing second in the Midwest Division with a 49–33 record. David Robinson and Sean Elliott were both selected for the 1993 NBA All-Star Game. \n"
]
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: Was the Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler vs. Michael Cole and Jack Swagger match at Extreme Rules the main event of the card? Passage 1:Born in Portland, Oregon, Alley received an Artium Baccalaureus from Stanford University in 1952 and was a lieutenant in the United States Army during the Korean War, from 1952 to 1954. He received a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1957, and was a law clerk on the Supreme Court of Oregon, in Salem, Oregon in 1957, and then in private practice in Portland from 1957 to 1959. He returned to the military as assistant staff judge advocate, U. S. Army Artillery and Missile Center, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, 1959–1960 and then as assistant staff judge advocate, Headquarters, U. S. Army Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa, Japan), 1960–1964. He was in the Thirteenth Career Class, TJAGSA, 1965, and was a member of the faculty of Judge Advocate General's School in Charlottsville, Virginia, from 1965 to 1968. He was a military judge for the U.S. Army Trial Judiciary in Saigon, Republic of Vietnam, from 1968 to 1969, and at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii from 1970 to 1972. He then served on the U.S. Army Court of Military Review in Falls Church, Virginia, from 1972 to 1975, serving as chief trial judge of that court in 1975. He was chief of the Criminal Law Division, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Department of the Army, in Washington, D.C. from 1975 to 1978, and in the United States Army, judge advocate, in Heidelberg, Germany, from 1978 to 1981. He was dean and professor of law at the University of Oklahoma College of Law, in Norman, Oklahoma, from 1981 to 1985.\n Passage 2:Binder was born in Innsbruck. He began his racing career in karting in 2002, remaining in the category until 2008. During this time, he finished third in the German Junior Kart Championship in 2007 and was runner-up in the German Challenger Kart Championship in 2008. In 2009 he began his formula racing career by competing in the ADAC Formel Masters series for the Abt Sportsline team. Whilst his teammate Daniel Abt won the championship, Binder finished the season in seventh position with three podium finishes. Binder then moved up to the German Formula Three Championship: in 2010, he drove for Motopark Academy and finished in twelfth place in the championship, with a best result of third position; 2011 saw him move to the Jo Zeller Racing team, for whom he improved to eighth place despite missing a round of the championship; and for the 2012 season he is driving for the Van Amersfoort Racing team. In 2011 he also competed in one round of the FIA Formula Two Championship, held at the Austrian Red Bull Ring.\n Passage 3:In late 2010, Mathews often worked as the color commentator on Raw due to Jerry Lawler's increased in-ring competition. On April 3, 2011, Mathews commentated the majority of WrestleMania XXVII, though he received a 'Stone Cold Stunner' from an angered Stone Cold Steve Austin, cutting his night short. The following night on Raw, Mathews found himself aligned with Jerry Lawler, and against Michael Cole. He then became the alternate spokesman for the Anonymous Raw General Manager, when Michael Cole was not commentating. He then using the new catchphrase \"The Anonymous Raw General Manager says...\", before reading each e-mail. On the April 25 episode of Raw, Mathews announced that the Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler vs. Michael Cole and Jack Swagger match at Extreme Rules will be a Country Whipping match, which Cole and Swagger won. At the following pay-per-view, Over the Limit, Mathews supported Lawler, Bret Hart and Eve Torres in having Michael Cole kiss Lawler's foot. The following night, again as the spokesman for the anonymous Raw General Manager, Mathews read the e-mail that denied The Miz's request for another title shot, seemingly done with John Cena. He left the Raw broadcasting table the following week, after Cole and Lawler reconciled, though he remained on the show as a backstage interviewer and backup commentator.\n"
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"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What did his friend who encouraged him to try radio do for a living? Passage 1:The main event of the night featured WWF World Heavyweight Champion Shawn Michaels defending the title against the British Bulldog. Just before the match began, as scripted, Michaels was served a summons from Bulldog's storyline attorney Clarence Mason. It stated that Michaels was a defendant with the charge of \"attempted alienation of affection\" due to the allegation of him making advances towards Bulldog's wife (storyline and real life) Diana Smith, therefore causing strain in their marriage. The timing of the subpoena by Bulldog's camp was an attempt to throw Michaels off his game, giving Bulldog a better chance of winning the championship. During the match, as part of the script, Bulldog accidentally ran into referee Earl Hebner, knocking him out for a period of time. A replacement referee (Mike Chioda) continued the match. Shawn Michaels performed a German suplex into a pinfall combination on Bulldog. By this time, the original referee had regained his senses, and both referees counted the pinfall. Both wrestlers had their shoulders on the mat as Chioda counted Michaels' shoulders down, while Hebner counted Bulldog's down. Due to both wrestlers being pinned simultaneously, the match was ruled a draw and Michaels retained the WWF Championship. \n Passage 2:Hailing from the business-industrialist family from the Punjab Province of Pakistan, Hussain graduated from the FC College University and the Punjab University. After his graduation, Hussain subsequently joined the family business comprising large numbers of industries, textiles, agricultural farms, sugar and flour mills. He successfully contested in the non-partisan 1985 elections and was appointed as minister of industry in the government of Prime minister Muhammad Junejo, lasting until 1988. Hussain became a leader and influential conservative figure in the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA) between 1988 and 1990 and joined the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) under Nawaz Sharif in 1993. Hussain served as the 26th Interior minister in the government of Prime minister Nawaz Sharif in two non-consecutive terms from 1990 to 1993 and 1997 to 1999.\n Passage 3:Don Bleu (real name Rick Kelleher) is an American retired radio personality and former television host. He grew up in East Grand Forks, Minnesota and began his career in 1966, when his friend Shadoe Stevens encouraged him to try radio. He started at KILO (defunct) in Grand Forks, North Dakota, then moved to KQWB in Fargo, North Dakota. He then moved to the Minneapolis-St. Paul area in 1968 and worked at KDWB for nearly 10 years. His success at KDWB earned him a job at KHJ (AM) in Los Angeles. In 1980, he moved to San Francisco and worked in the adult contemporary radio genre. Most recently, he hosted the Don Bleu Show on KOSF, a music station in San Francisco, California. He was named to the Pavek Museum of Broadcasting's Minnesota Broadcasting Hall of Fame in 2005, and in 2007 he was inducted into the Bay Area Radio Hall of Fame. Bleu initially worked at KIOI until 2011, when he moved to KOSF. He was let go from the latter station and did his last broadcast on June 26, 2015.\n"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.:",
"Question: What city did Mathews work in for Wrestlemania XXVII? Passage 1:Born in Portland, Oregon, Alley received an Artium Baccalaureus from Stanford University in 1952 and was a lieutenant in the United States Army during the Korean War, from 1952 to 1954. He received a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1957, and was a law clerk on the Supreme Court of Oregon, in Salem, Oregon in 1957, and then in private practice in Portland from 1957 to 1959. He returned to the military as assistant staff judge advocate, U. S. Army Artillery and Missile Center, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, 1959–1960 and then as assistant staff judge advocate, Headquarters, U. S. Army Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa, Japan), 1960–1964. He was in the Thirteenth Career Class, TJAGSA, 1965, and was a member of the faculty of Judge Advocate General's School in Charlottsville, Virginia, from 1965 to 1968. He was a military judge for the U.S. Army Trial Judiciary in Saigon, Republic of Vietnam, from 1968 to 1969, and at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii from 1970 to 1972. He then served on the U.S. Army Court of Military Review in Falls Church, Virginia, from 1972 to 1975, serving as chief trial judge of that court in 1975. He was chief of the Criminal Law Division, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Department of the Army, in Washington, D.C. from 1975 to 1978, and in the United States Army, judge advocate, in Heidelberg, Germany, from 1978 to 1981. He was dean and professor of law at the University of Oklahoma College of Law, in Norman, Oklahoma, from 1981 to 1985.\n Passage 2:In late 2010, Mathews often worked as the color commentator on Raw due to Jerry Lawler's increased in-ring competition. On April 3, 2011, Mathews commentated the majority of WrestleMania XXVII, though he received a 'Stone Cold Stunner' from an angered Stone Cold Steve Austin, cutting his night short. The following night on Raw, Mathews found himself aligned with Jerry Lawler, and against Michael Cole. He then became the alternate spokesman for the Anonymous Raw General Manager, when Michael Cole was not commentating. He then using the new catchphrase \"The Anonymous Raw General Manager says...\", before reading each e-mail. On the April 25 episode of Raw, Mathews announced that the Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler vs. Michael Cole and Jack Swagger match at Extreme Rules will be a Country Whipping match, which Cole and Swagger won. At the following pay-per-view, Over the Limit, Mathews supported Lawler, Bret Hart and Eve Torres in having Michael Cole kiss Lawler's foot. The following night, again as the spokesman for the anonymous Raw General Manager, Mathews read the e-mail that denied The Miz's request for another title shot, seemingly done with John Cena. He left the Raw broadcasting table the following week, after Cole and Lawler reconciled, though he remained on the show as a backstage interviewer and backup commentator.\n Passage 3:Binder was born in Innsbruck. He began his racing career in karting in 2002, remaining in the category until 2008. During this time, he finished third in the German Junior Kart Championship in 2007 and was runner-up in the German Challenger Kart Championship in 2008. In 2009 he began his formula racing career by competing in the ADAC Formel Masters series for the Abt Sportsline team. Whilst his teammate Daniel Abt won the championship, Binder finished the season in seventh position with three podium finishes. Binder then moved up to the German Formula Three Championship: in 2010, he drove for Motopark Academy and finished in twelfth place in the championship, with a best result of third position; 2011 saw him move to the Jo Zeller Racing team, for whom he improved to eighth place despite missing a round of the championship; and for the 2012 season he is driving for the Van Amersfoort Racing team. In 2011 he also competed in one round of the FIA Formula Two Championship, held at the Austrian Red Bull Ring.\n"
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Subsets and Splits