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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Diona Kurtani said her nine-year-old brother has had to stay overnight with school friends on a couple of occasions to try to reduce the amount of travelling he has had to do each day. Ms Kurtani and her family were among hundreds of people evacuated from more than 700 flats in five tower blocks on the Chalcots estate on 23 June by by Camden Council so urgent fire safety work could be carried out. The Chalcots estate was refurbished between 2006 and 2009 with cladding similar to that on Grenfell Tower in west London, where a fire is feared to have killed at least 80 people. After a week of sleeping on sofas by night and spending the days trying to find a new home, Ms Kurtani said the situation was becoming very stressful. \"I've been keeping a brave face on it but I think I'm about to crack,\" she said. \"The council keep saying they need people to move out but a lot of residents are getting so fed up they have had enough and are coming back to stay in their own flats.\" Rather than sleep in the nearby leisure centre, where a lot of evacuated families have been living, they were lucky enough to be invited to stay with friends in the East Finchley area of London. On Wednesday evening, they moved into a two-bedroom property in Marylebone but had to start searching again after just one night when they found that neither the hot water nor the lighting in the new flat worked. Since Thursday they have been staying with relatives in central London. During the day, the 20-year-old has spent a lot of time at Swiss Cottage Library, where the council has set up a hub for displaced families to try to find alternative accommodation. 'Flats not available' She says the situation is confusing and that more often than not, the properties that residents are told are vacant turn out to be have been already booked or not free that night. \"There are council volunteers at the library who are doing their best and they are able to pay for the accommodation over the phone for you when you find it, but most of the time you find the flats or rooms are not really available,\" she said. \"My friend Robert has been liaising with the council and passing information on to lots of people. He's been brilliant. \"But really the council should have found the accommodation and evacuated a couple of floors at a time so they had some control over things.\" 'Only one bag' Ms Kurtani said on the day they were evacuated they received a letter from the council telling them it was continuing to look at the fire safety risks of the buildings on the estate but that there was no suggestion residents would have to leave. \"I only found out because a friend called me at 8pm to say that everyone is being evacuated,\" she said. \"My mum was away and I was looking after my little brother because my dad and my older brother were out. \"I only packed one bag and we took my cat and tortoise too. \"Dad came back as quickly as he could and was allowed in to get more stuff.\" The family have been able to return to their home in Taplow Tower during the day. Ms Kurtani said: \"We've been going home to try to catch up on sleep during the day but we now have bags of belongings at friends' houses all over. \"My pets are still in East Finchley because it just made sense to leave them there.\" 'Grenfell changes everything' Camden Council has defended its decision to evacuate residents: In a letter in the Camden New Journal, council leader Georgia Gould wrote that she had been \"prepared to take any action to keep people safe in their homes\" but that \"the fire services said there was nothing I could do to ensure safety that night. \"I made the very difficult decision to evacuate the blocks. Grenfell changes everything and I was not prepared to take a risk with residents' safety.\" Councillor Goulds also praised the residents for their cooperation, saying: \"Most of all I want to thank the residents of Chalcots who have responded with grace and resilience to the distress and disruption of the last few days.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Residents spent the night at a refuge centre set up as crews tackled the blaze in Twyford Street, Normanton. Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service said the evacuation was prompted by \"the presence of commercial cylinders\". Nearby roads remain closed following the fire on Saturday evening. One crew has stayed at the site dampening down the fire. Bob Curry, from Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service, said two families remained at the refuge centre at St Augustine's Church, Upper Dale Road, and will be offered hotel accommodation this evening. The rest of the residents forced to leave their homes have now returned, he said. Station manager Adam Bleakman said a joint police and fire investigation into how the blaze started had begun. He added the \"structural integrity\" of the buildings affected would be examined. Mohammed Faiz, who lives with his family near the garage, stayed at the church overnight and has not been allowed home yet. \"Police [officer] knocked on everyone's house... he said 'we are not safe, everybody come outside',\" he said. \"My wife and my two kids, one is three years and one is one year [and] six months, they were really very upset.\" Grove Street and Normanton Road have reopened but Twyford Street and Harriet Street remain closed while investigations continue. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, or on Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Derbyshire Fire & Rescue Service Derbyshire Constabulary"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Alexis AkwagyiramBBC News Yvonne Ruddock's 16th birthday party was supposed to be a happy occasion. But instead of celebrating her young life, it marked the end of it. And she was not alone - 12 others perished and they were all aged between 14 and 22. One of them was George Francis's 17-year-old son, Gerry. Time has not proved to be much of a healer. His voice cracking with emotion, he recalls the \"bright young man\" who had been the youngest of his four children - the \"baby of the family\". \"It changed my life immensely. I used to think life is what you make it. After the disaster, I changed. If life was what you made it, my son wouldn't be dead.\" The blaze at 439 New Cross Road was greeted not only with sadness at the lives lost, but also anger at the perceived indifference of the police investigating the cause of the blaze in the aftermath of rumours that it might have been a racially motivated arson attack. That suspicion arose from the fact that the part of south London where the blaze occurred was, at the time, a National Front stronghold where arson attacks had been threatened against members of the black community. In addition to the backdrop of simmering racial tension, many within London's Afro-Caribbean communities were wary of the police due to their use of \"sus\" laws which allowed officers to routinely stop people on suspicion of wrongdoing. \"When the fire occurred we weren't very happy with the police because we felt they were a bit slack,\" recalls Mr Francis, who is now 82. \"The police back then didn't push as hard as they should have done to get us an answer,\" says the bereaved father, although he praised the officers who conducted a second investigation, involving fresh interviews with witnesses and forensic analysis, nearly 20 years after the fire. At the time of the fire, police investigating it argued that they did not have enough evidence or witnesses. Despite the police investigation being reopened after 16 years and two inquests, the precise cause of the fire has never been established and nobody has ever been charged in relation to the blaze. In 1981, in the immediate aftermath of the fire and amidst a backdrop of suggestions that it was started deliberately, a committee was established within days to voice anger at the authorities' perceived apathy. It organised a march in London, involving about 15,000 black people. The lasting legacy of the New Cross fire may be that it helped create a black British voice with a politicised identity. Playwright and actor Kwame Kwei-Armah says seeing the peaceful march in television reports as a 15-year-old was a \"formative moment\" that resonated with him and provided an indelible image. 'Turning point' \"It was the first time I had seen black Britons participate in an organised demonstration that was that focused. It was very clear to me that we belonged to this society and were using the means and ways that mainstream society used to organise themselves,\" he says. \"I felt a sense of connection to their outrage and articulation of wanting to change the status quo to be treated better. That demonstration was saying 'Do something, treat us fairly'. \"It was my first experience of us, as a black community, standing up as a community in that way. This was black Britain - the ones who only knew this country as home.\" Professor Les Back, the author of several books on race relations and social cohesion including New Ethnicities and Urban Culture, agrees that the response to the fire marked a \"turning point\" in multicultural Britain because \"black people spoke for themselves\". \"It was a coming out in public that this [indifference to black lives] was not to be tolerated.\" The sociologist lectures at Goldsmiths, University of London, which is only a few roads from where the disaster unfolded. He was an 18-year-old student there at the time. Loss of young lives \"As a young white person it was a particular education being around those events. It was an exercise in humility - we could play a part in the struggle, but not co-opt it. \"The black community was speaking for itself.\" He says the same road on which the fire took place was, in 1977, the site of a National Front march. And this atmosphere, he argues, helped to politicise the black community and energise their response when the police and media appeared indifferent to the loss of young lives. He argues that now, at a local level 30 years on, \"popular racism at street level has become muted because the geography and cultural demography of London has changed\" to create a \"mundane, everyday multiculturalism\". And, although this multiculturalism is more evident in London than other parts of the UK, he says the notion that ethnic minority communities were entitled to a voice triumphed over the racist ideologies espoused by far-right extremists in the late 70s and early 80s. \"The idea that you could have 'purified' white spaces and (kept) difference at a distance is simply impossible in today's world. \"And there can't be any discussion now about there being 'no black in the Union Jack' because black soldiers have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It passed an ordinance allowing officials to issue certificates to same-sex couples this summer. The documents are not legally binding but the ward is calling on businesses to recognise the certificates and accord equal treatment. Japan remains a conservative country but is seeing social shifts on issues such as gay rights. The nation's constitution identifies marriage as a union between \"both sexes\". Though the country remains tolerant of homosexuality, same-sex couples do not get legal protection. Normal visiting rights do not apply in hospitals, and they may be refused a tenancy from landlords because their relationship is not recognised. Shibuya, which has 217,000 residents, is a trendy area known for its creativity and liberalism. Its mayor Toshitake Kuwahara told reporters previously that the move was in keeping with the area's character . \"The purpose is to realise a society where everyone can live in hope,\" he said. Gay rights activists celebrated the move on Tuesday, with a small group holding up a banner thanking officials. \"To marry the same sex is no different from marrying the opposite sex,'' said Koyuki Higashi, who appeared with her partner Hiroko Masuhara. Moral obligation The BBC's Rupert Wingfield-Hayes in Tokyo says that the ordinance amounts to a moral obligation on Shibuya businesses, which will not be penalised if they do not recognise the certificate. Violators, however, will have their names posted on the ward's website. The district is also planning an educational campaign on gay rights issues. The ordinance was supported by the majority of the area's legislators, but not by representatives of the governing right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). The LDP is headed by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who happens to live in Shibuya. His party has come out strongly against the ordinance as undermining the foundations of society, says our correspondent. A recent survey by the newspaper Sankei and television network Fuji News found that more than half of those questioned would support legalising same-sex partnerships and nearly 60% supported the ordinance in Shibuya."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Gay couples were already allowed to form civil partnerships, but Thursday's ruling extends them the same marriage rights as heterosexual couples. Earlier this month the constitutional court dismissed a judge's petition against equal marriage rights for heterosexual and homosexual couples. Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay have previously legalised same-sex marriage. Argentina was the first Latin American country to take the step in July 2010. In Mexico, gay marriage is legal in the capital and in certain states."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent \"Junagadh is a very lazy city. People go for siestas, shops shut, nothing happens,\" Faruqui says of his hometown, a former princely state. The comic, who is Muslim, says when he was a boy he was stuck at home for 12 days during a curfew in his mixed neighbourhood. A Hindu friend of his mother's was their only occasional company. \"We were eight kids in the house. I was happy because I didn't have to go to school. The electricity used to go, the phones went dead, the elders in the house were anxious about their safety. But when the riots ended, [we found] nobody died in Junagadh. \"You know why? People were too lazy to even riot.\" The same couldn't be said of other parts of the state. More than 1,000 people, most of them Muslims, were killed when riots erupted after a train fire killed 60 Hindu pilgrims. Faruqui, now 30, is part of India's evolving youthful and lively comedy scene. It's still rough around the edges and sometimes callow, but it bristles with energy and ambition and is unwilling to pull its punches. More importantly, it has begun to draw an audience who are willing to pay for an evening of jokes even from a relative newcomer like Faruqui. The problem is that not everybody appreciates a joke in India. That's why the comic has spent 28 days in prison for jokes he plainly didn't make. On the evening of 1 January, he was kicking off a 14-city tour with a ticketed show in a café in the central Indian city of Indore. A leader of a local Hindu fringe group had arrived and stopped the show, complaining that the comic was \"insulting\" Hindu religious sentiments. Indore is a prominent city in Madhya Pradesh, which is ruled by the Hindu nationalist BJP. Hindus make up the vast majority of India's population. In a mobile phone video recorded by an audience member, Faruqui is seen pleading with Eklavya Gaud, the son of a ruling BJP politician, that he also jokes about Muslims in his shows and that he should be allowed to continue. \"I just want to make people laugh. If anyone feels offended I will never do it again,\" he tells Mr Gaud. \"Let the show begin,\" scream impatient audience members. \"Hindu-Muslim bhai bhai\" [Hindus and Muslims are brothers],\" a woman in the audience is heard telling Mr Gaud. According to reports, Mr Gaud left the show in minutes and called in the police. That night Munawar Faruqui and four others, including another comic, were arrested and charged with outraging religious feelings and performing a \"negligent act likely to spread infection of diseases dangerous to life\", alluding to the pandemic. \"He's a serial offender. He has made indecent remarks on Hindu gods and goddesses in the past,\" Mr Gaud told reporters later. Last July, a lawyer had filed a case against Faruqui in Uttar Pradesh state for allegedly making derogatory remarks against federal home minister Amit Shah and hurting Hindu religious sentiments in different videos. Eyewitnesses told reporters that Faruqui had not cracked any jokes relating to religion when he was picked up, and that he hadn't even started his routine when Mr Gaud stopped the show. The police later admitted they had no evidence that the comic had done so, and that the complainant had \"overheard some jokes\" that the comic was preparing for the show. \"He was arrested for jokes he didn't crack. Munawar hadn't even begun the show when he was interrupted. A presumption of and anticipation of a so-called criminal act cannot be an offence. The police registered a case and arrested him without verifying the facts,\" Anshumaan Shrivastava, the comic's lawyer, told me. Two lower courts have refused to give him bail. On Thursday, the high court in Madhya Pradesh rejected a fresh plea, saying the \"investigation is in progress... and the possibility of collecting more incriminating material... cannot be ruled out\". The police say releasing the comic would lead to a \"law and order situation\", although it is not clear how. \"This will have a chilling effect on comedians. They will be constantly forced to police themselves,\" Amit Varma, a writer and podcaster, told me. \"Stand-up comics will now tend to stay away from politics.\" On stage Faruqui is a smiling, personable figure with a sense of whimsy. He's also a work in progress. He mines contemporary Indian realities for his jokes and often laces his observational humour with expletives. He's an equal opportunity provocateur, poking fun at all religions. He's also a rapper, and in a breezy video, he sings about stereotypes about a Muslim ghetto in Mumbai. He has half-a-million subscribers on his YouTube channel, and is swiftly gaining followers on Instagram as well. In his shows, Faruqui serves up a breathlessly eclectic range of jokes, some of which sound half-finished. But there's no dearth of confidence. He makes fun of Punjabi pop music which portray women as \"gold diggers\". He says every social media platform in India eventually \"becomes a dating platform\". On one show, he says: \"If your girlfriend wants anything from you, just give it to them, don't try songs about it\". He takes playful digs at the government, saying it is \"responsible for wasting water\" by using water cannons on protesting farmers. Often, Mr Faruqui's jokes are quirky and dark. In one show, he tells the audience a joke of how his father found a notebook where had jotted some notes on how to make a bomb. \"He threw the notebook at me and asked me who's been teaching you all this? The main item is missing here, he said. And that was, political support [to make a bomb].\" The audience cheers in approval. Amit Varma says: \"I really like him. For someone so young, he has an evolved sense of comedy and black humour, and also knows how to connect emotionally with the audience. He makes fun of everyone, he is honest and refreshing.\" Fellow comedians have come out in support of Faruqui. On his YouTube channel followers have posted messages of solidarity. \"Don't see if you don't like,\" says one. His arrest is being seen as the latest assault on freedom of speech in India, encouraged by vigilante activism by Hindu mobs and exacerbated by trolling by online armies on social media. Last year, at least half-a-dozen comics apologised for hurting religious sentiments. Jaideep Varma, a filmmaker who made I Am Offended, a documentary on stand-up comedy in India, says provocation is an essence of stand-up comedy, and Faruqui is no exception. \"But they will only do their best if they are not gagged. So being pragmatic may be the way to go from there - as of now the band of subjects that get people inflamed is fairly narrow. It may be worth avoiding that and expanding the space for comedy from other sides.\" Stand-up comedian Sanjay Rajoura believes Faruqui's imprisonment should worry all Indians. \"In a civilised society, such brazen acts have no place. If you don't like it, don't go for it.\" \"For now,\" says Rajoura, \"the joke has been incarcerated in India.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By James RobbinsBBC diplomatic correspondent Taken in isolation, most of Britain's security, defence and diplomatic community readily accept that an increased terror threat inside the UK follows after any military intervention in a predominantly Muslim country. We don't need to look far for the evidence of that. On the eve of Tony Blair's invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the government's Joint Intelligence Committee was blunt in its assessment of possible consequences of war with Iraq: an assessment which was then marked Top Secret but was declassified to allow its publication as part of the findings of the Chilcot Inquiry. \"The threat from al-Qaeda will increase at the onset of any military action against Iraq. They will target Coalition forces and other Western interests in the Middle East. Attacks against Western interests elsewhere are also likely, especially in the US and UK, for maximum impact,\" it stated. \"The worldwide threat from other Islamist terrorist groups and individuals will increase significantly. Al-Qaeda associates and sympathisers may well attempt chemical or biological terrorist attacks in the Gulf, including against UK civilian targets there, in the event of war with Iraq. While individual attacks are likely to be small-scale they may be numerous. Individual attacks might inflict relatively few casualties, but will cause significant alarm.\" In fact, the largest single terror attack in Britain took place on 7/7, in July 2005, of course. Few dispute that Britain's decision to join the invasion of Iraq was used by the 7/7 attackers and those who had radicalised them as part of their excuse for killing civilians in Britain. It is also true that subsequent British military action overseas - including in Libya - has been used by extremists to justify further massacre of innocents in the UK. But Jeremy Corbyn's critics say none of this necessarily means that Britain's military actions overseas were wrong, merely that they definitely had consequences. Separately, many of them argue that Mr Corbyn, even if he didn't intend it, has been \"crass\" and \"insensitive\" in his timing, and seems to be providing some sort of excuse for the Manchester bombing, however careful he was to deny that. So if the link between British military intervention and an increased risk of terror attacks in Britain is not seriously disputed, where did that history of intervention originate? Largely in the foreign policy pursued by Tony Blair, as prime minister, intervening first in Sierra Leone, then in Kosovo, with a large measure of public support, to protect civilian populations, including the Muslim majority in Kosovo, from mass murder. It was the same sort of motive, the responsibility to protect civilians at imminent risk, which was put forward by David Cameron and the then French president Nicolas Sarkozy, to explain their intervention against the regime of Colonel Gaddafi in Libya. The British public was divided over that, and even more so over the invasion of Iraq. The prime minister herself, of course, came close to repudiating the Blair doctrine of British military intervention and, by implication, David Cameron's action in Libya, in her United States speech last January. \"This cannot mean a return to the failed policies of the past. The days of Britain and America intervening in sovereign countries in an attempt to remake the world in our own image are over. But nor can we afford to stand idly by when the threat is real and when it is in our own interests to intervene. \"We must be strong, smart and hard-headed. And we must demonstrate the resolve necessary to stand up for our interests.\" Mrs May was not absolutely ruling out future British military action overseas, but she was recognising there had been failures. All of this said, extremism in the name of Islam, or in the name of an extremist interpretation of Islam, long predates any of Britain's modern military interventions in countries with Muslim majorities, particularly in Afghanistan, Iraq and in Libya. Al-Qaeda has been actively killing civilians since the mid-1990s, achieving global notoriety by killing hundreds of civilians in the 1998 bomb attacks in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. And you can trace a history of grievance in the Middle East against the major imperial powers, including Britain, far further back than that. Equally, not taking a frontline part in foreign wars is also no protection against Islamist terror. Neither Belgium nor Germany played any substantial fighting role in Afghanistan, Iraq, and still less Libya. Germany has been heavily criticised by some other EU countries for being too generous to migrants, the majority of them Muslims. That hasn't kept those countries safe. Both have suffered mass-casualty civilian attacks, just as Britain, France and others have done. The arguments provoked by Jeremy Corbyn are complex. He is accused of being selective and simplistic in his analysis. His critics fault his timing. At an acutely sensitive time, the speech has reopened debate about some of the most difficult issues of foreign policy which touch all of our lives - above all, perhaps, the question: how do we protect tolerance against the intolerant?"
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dominic CascianiHome affairs correspondent@BBCDomCon Twitter She said the country's security and intelligence agencies were engaged in a struggle on many fronts and in many forms - and she was personally overseeing moves day after day to deal with suspects linked to the self-styled Islamic State and other groups. For a decade, British security and intelligence agencies have tried to counter violent attacks from individuals inspired by al-Qaeda's ideology. Broadly speaking, they have been largely successful - although sometimes that success is down to some sheer good fortune. Two murders last year - Fusilier Lee Rigby by jihadists in Woolwich and Mohammed Saleem by a far-right killer in Birmingham - are obvious reminders that extremists will find ways to strike. Today, the threat from some IS followers to the UK is probably the greatest of the politically-inspired extremist dangers. And that's why Theresa May says the \"time is right\" to give the spooks and the cops more tools. But what would they achieve? And do they really need them? Much legislation This is the seventh major piece of counter-terrorism legislation since 2000. Critics, such as Liberty and Muslim campaign group Cage say this bill is illiberal, disproportionate and dangerous. In contrast, the Home Secretary says that is is measured package which is consistent with the long-term security strategy that both her and the previous Labour administration have pursued. The legislation doesn't create a long list of new offences - they're not needed. Instead, it aims to \"disrupt\" and counter the activity of suspects by other means. Now, the obvious question is, surely the government wants suspected terrorists in court? That, of course, is true. But ministers and security chiefs argue that very often the police can't gather criminal evidence because their suspicions are built on secret intelligence - for example information from an informant whose safety is at risk if their work is revealed. So since 9/11 the UK has progressively developed a suite of counter-terrorism and security powers that allow ministers to use this partial intelligence picture, rather than hard crystal-clear evidence, to restrict or monitor suspected extremists. The new legislation continues that trend and it will inevitably mean ministers will have more executive power over suspected extremists that will be largely exercised behind closed doors. The controversial Temporary Exclusion Orders is the most obvious example. This measure will allow the Home Secretary to stop a suspect who is overseas from coming home for up to two years at a time, unless they comply with some form of investigation or monitoring. Secret process We haven't seen the detail yet, but the Home Secretary's decision-making on this will almost certainly occur in secret because case files will be based on MI5 assessments. That is broadly the process that lies behind court-backed \"T-Pim\" monitoring arrangements and the separate but little-reported Treasury powers to freeze assets and bank accounts. Such orders can be challenged in court - as can attempts to strip nationality or deport on national security grounds. But critics say that if a suspect wants to return home after their passport has been cancelled, they will face an injustice of having to comply with the state's wishes before they have had a chance to put their own case. Another of the measures may also prove to be equally problematic in Parliament and ultimately the courts. The government wants to place a legal duty on public bodies to stop extremism. This will compel universities, among others, to take steps to bar suspected extremist preachers. If they don't, then ministers will be able to intervene and force the institution to act. Here's the problem: Who defines who is an extremist speaker? How does one make that assessment? On what evidence and how could it be challenged? Anyone can spot a violent jihadist or racist because they tend to overtly threaten the safety of the public. But what about someone who is just plain offensive? What if your interpretation of what they are saying bears no resemblance to theirs? This may sound theoretical but it is so difficult for resolve that Conservative plans to create \"extremism disruption orders\" are currently a manifesto pledge and nothing more. But there is something else far more important missing from the wish list. Security chiefs are desperate to have full legal powers to access, intercept and analyse modern electronic communications data - the information about who is contacting who, rather than the separate issue of what is actually being said. This is a row that goes back to 2008 - and it remains unresolved because of the allegation that is amounts to a \"snoopers charter\". Even if Wednesday's legislation hurtles through Parliament with barely any debate, don't expect it to be long before a Home Secretary is back saying that more powers are needed to combat a complex and ever-changing threat."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Gordon CoreraSecurity correspondent, BBC News@gordoncoreraon Twitter Terrorism remains high on the agenda after Stockholm was hit by a vehicle attack in April, which killed five people. A few years ago the service was worried about 200 extremists but now it has 3,000 on its radar whom it needs to evaluate. \"We have never seen something like this before in my career in the service,\" says Mr Thornberg, a 30-year veteran of the service. Speaking to the BBC at his headquarters, he adds: \"We have a new normal.\" Radicalisation and violence The concerns are similar to those in the UK: returnees from Iraq and Syria, as well as the speed of radicalisation of those who have not left the country. Sometimes those who have had little or no contact with extremist circles are moving quickly towards violence, which can be hard to spot. International cooperation is vital in countering this threat, Mr Thornberg says. He does not believe Brexit will damage co-operation with the UK, but he confesses he was worried when he first heard about the referendum result. One concern he does have - and which he says is shared by fellow security directors across Europe - is a case at the European Court of Justice which might restrict the ability to retain data. \"That is very, very serious if we don't get the information,\" he says, arguing it is a vital tool in tracing the contacts of suspects. \"If we don't get the same as we have had in the last couple of years then we will have problems. I'm sure about that.\" Right wing extremism The rise of the far right is also a major concern with bomb plots against refugees and other political parties disrupted recently. Those concerns are growing as Sweden prepares for its election. \"We know with our knowledge and our experience from before that activities with political violence and threats will increase,\" says Mr Thornberg. Fear of foreign political interference is a newer concern though. \"It's very important for us to follow this and we are not shy in Sweden - we say that the biggest threat to our security in that perspective is Russia,\" says Mr Thornberg. Russia lies just across the Baltic Sea but experts believe it is the debate within Sweden about whether to move closer to the NATO alliance which has made the country a particular target. Three years ago a Russian submarine was even spotted in Swedish waters; part of a pattern, some Swedish observers say, of intimidation, espionage and interference. Mr Thornberg says it is Russia's willingness to take risks and work long-term that makes it a particular concern. \"We are preparing, we are learning, we are taking in information from foreign countries and from sister services and we are trying to prepare to protect the Swedish election,\" he says. Creating uncertainty Mr Thornberg gives a number of examples of disinformation, including letters about arms deals with Ukraine bearing the forged signature of the defence minister. In another case cited by Swedish officials, a faked news article about a former minister setting up a group to battle Eurosceptics, went on to be picked by Russian and British media - just weeks before the UK's Brexit referendum. Other stories, such as one claiming that Muslims had vandalised a church, were spread by automated social media accounts, known as bots, based outside the country - although it is hard to prove who was behind this. The aim often seems to be to create division and reduce trust and credibility (including in the media itself) rather than to push a particular viewpoint. \"If they want to make uncertainty in our country they are doing that,\" says Mr Thornberg. He says Sweden has seen espionage and cyber-intrusions into the country's infrastructure from Russia and also China. Fake news is an increasingly talked-about problem and it can be created domestically, but Mr Thornberg says his service has a role when a foreign state may be behind it. Fighting disinformation Sweden's civil contingency secretariat, the MSB, has also been tasked with spotting disinformation. \"What we are doing is looking at what information could affect the well-being of our population, the functionality of our society or could affect negatively our fundamental values - freedom of speech, democracy and individual rights,\" says Mikael Tofvesson, the MSB's head of global analysis and monitoring. Swedish society is trying to confront the threat of disinformation. Media organisations are supporting independent fact-checking and the government wants primary school children to be taught how to spot fake news. This year's election may be a test of how all of this works and Mr Thornberg argues that the relative openness of Sweden's security service is part of that strategy. \"I think it's important for us as a security service to inform the public about the threat picture, so we have been putting a lot of efforts to do that,\" he says, pointing to the service's presence on Twitter. \"Our first tweet on Twitter was \"We are on Twitter because of security. Follow us because we follow you,\" he adds."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Andria Zafirakou, who teaches art and textiles at Alperton Community School in Brent, has been honoured for her services to education and young people. Mrs Zafirakou said the appointment was a \"wonderful surprise\". Mrs Zafirakou, 40, became the first UK winner of the Global Teacher Prize earlier this year. She beat teachers nominated from more than 170 countries to win a prize worth $1m (£790,000). Since Mrs Zafirakou joined Alperton in 2005, she has set up a boxing club, redesigned the curriculum to improve access for every student, and even conducted personal patrols outside the school to deter gang members from trying to recruit her pupils. She has also visited students in their homes and learned basic phrases in languages such as Hindi, Tamil and Gujarati to engage with her pupils. Mrs Zafirakou, who is an associate deputy at Alperton, said she felt \"humbled, emotional and extremely proud\" at receiving the honour. Reflecting on her 13 years at the school, she said her most proud memories were \"those wonderful individual stories of children who have succeeded against the odds because of your intervention\". However, she added: \"I do not see this as an honour I have done all by myself. I see this as something I am receiving on behalf of my school community.\" Mrs Zafirakou said she hoped to keep the news of her honour \"low key\" so it was \"business as usual\" for the children when they returned to school in January."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Disability Sport Wales (DSW) performance coach Anthony Hughes was honoured for services to sport at a ceremony at Windsor Castle. Mr Hughes joined DSW in 1999 and helped develop the system that saw Welsh participation in disabled sport rocket. The coach from Penarth called his award \"one of my career highlights\". Mr Hughes took part in shot and javelin events and competed in the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. He won silver at the 1990 IPC World Championships for the shot and in 1994 held the world record in the event. After retiring from competition due to injury, Mr Hughes moved into coaching, and saw one of his team clinch silver at the Atlanta Paralympics in 1996. In his time at DSW the number of Welsh athletes taking part in the Paralympics has risen from 17 in Sydney 2000 to 38 at London 2012. Two of his proteges - Aled Sion Davies and Josie Pearson - won gold at last summer's Paralympics. 'Richly deserved' Mr Hughes said of his award: \"When I started my job at Disability Sport Wales, I never imagined that one of my career highlights would be receiving an MBE from the Queen. \"Today was such a humbling experience. I am so grateful for all of the support I have received over the years that has enabled me to do my job.\" Gareth John, chair of DSW, said of Mr Hughes: \"The MBE that he receives today is so richly deserved having dedicated much of his life to disability and Paralympic sport. \"In a long and distinguished career he has not only excelled as an elite athlete and coach, but he has also been personally responsible for the development of so many talented Paralympians who have gone on to represent Wales and Great Britain with great distinction. \"His contribution to Welsh sport has been hugely significant and it is right and proper that he is being honoured today.\" Mr Hughes was named Sport Wales Coach of the Year in 2011 and was inducted into the UK Coaching Hall of Fame in 2012."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Pedro GarciaBusiness reporter, Lisbon Luis Onofre openly admits that his first foray into luxury shoe design could have been his last. The Portuguese designer launched his first namesake collection in 1993, shortly after taking over his family's shoe factory. His father had warned him it wouldn't sell, and his dad was proved correct. Consumers weren't interested, and the shoes bombed. \"My lack of market knowledge was to blame,\" says the 49-year-old. \"It was heartbreaking, a big lesson for me. It was very humbling.\" Today things are very different. Luis's glamorous designs are sold worldwide, and Michelle Obama, actress Naomi Watts, and socialite Paris Hilton are among his fans. He has also become a symbol of a recent renaissance in Portuguese shoemaking, helping to put the country firmly back on the haute couture map. Luis, who was born in Oliveira de Azemeis near Porto, in northern Portugal, grew up around shoes. His grandfather opened a footwear factory in the town in 1938, and the business has been been run by the family ever since. By the late 1980s, Luis's father was running the business, which was producing high-end shoes for French brands such as Cacharel and Galleries Lafayette. But when he asked Luis to join the company, the younger Onofre was reluctant, having set his heart on studying interior design. \"I remember seeing the stresses my parents brought home and thinking, 'I want to run away from that,'\" Luis recalls. He changed his mind, however, and took a degree in shoe design, before becoming managing director of the company in 1993. Keen to shake things up, he got the factory to start producing its own designs, not just those of other people. And the pain of seeing his first collection flop only made him more determined to reach his goal. \"I knew I wanted to do my own brand, but after my first attempt went wrong I decided to gain experience and resilience in the area. This sector is ever-changing, fashion changes, new technologies change all the time.\" For the next six years he continued to make shoes for other brands, while honing his design ideas on the side. Finally his moment came in 1999 when he launched a 50-piece collection at Momad, a major shoe trade fair in Spain. Interest in the brand grew following big investments in marketing, and sales picked up. \"We started doing the shoe fair circuit, in Milan, Paris, Moscow,\" Luis says. \"Clients started requesting more exclusive designs. Our collections became more complex.\" More The Boss features: Today he is best known for his women's shoes, which retail for around €300-€400 (£265-£355; $335-$445), and are all made in Portugal. His designs have been described as \"sexy\" and \"decadent\", and often incorporate elements such as Swarovski crystals or vertiginously high heels. Now based in Porto, the business turned over €8m last year, and employs 60 people across its commercial operations, factory and flagship stores. It also continues to make footwear for other brands such as Jimmy Choo and H&M. Despite his success, Luis has had to overcome other setbacks as a businessman, including an industry downturn in the 1990s. Portugal's shoe-making sector is centuries old, and considered on a par with Italy's and Spain's, despite being less well known. But in the late 1980s it was hit hard after Portugal joined the European Economic Community - the precursor to the European Union - in 1986, opening up the economy to foreign competition. The country's footwear industry wasn't ready for the change, and many factories had to close over the next decade. \"In the early 1990s, we lost almost all of the international clients we had,\" Luis recalls. Portugal's reputation for shoe making fell into decline, but Luis and other forward-thinking designers were determined to save it. \"We still had a generation of factory owners that did not understand contemporary fashion, or what was being sold internationally,\" he says. Over the past 20 years, however, he says a new wave of \"open-minded\" designers have brought fresh ideas to the table and turned things around. Portugal has regained its reputation for high-end design, factories have been retooled, and thousands of new jobs have been created. It's helped the country become a key player in the global shoe market, with exports totalling €1.8bn in 2019, up from €1.3bn in 2010. Paulo Goncalves, a spokesman for the Portuguese Footwear, Components and Leather Goods Manufacturers' Association, describes Luis as part of a \"fresh generation of designers\" that brought about change. \"Luis brought a new discourse to the shoe industry, putting talent and creativity at the forefront of an internationalisation strategy,\" he says. Luis's business still faces challenges, though. Shoemakers across Europe were already struggling with weaker consumer demand, and rising competition from China, when the coronavirus pandemic hit. Now the global luxury goods market is in a deep freeze. To help out during the global health crisis, Luis paused shoe production at his factory last month to instead make thousands of face masks that were donated to Portuguese citizens. Shoe manufacturing is now up and running again, and Luis is focusing on increasing online sales as physical stores around the world remain closed. He is also betting on a rebound in Asian markets that are further ahead in lifting Covid-19 restrictions."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The firms own some of the world's most valuable gold fields, producing more than 6.6 million ounces of gold a year. Barrick shareholders will end up own two-thirds of the combined firm and Randgold will own the remaining third. Shares of both firms have fallen almost 30% this year, amid falling gold prices and questions over their strategy. \"Our industry has been criticised for its short-term focus, undisciplined growth and poor returns on invested capital. The merged company will be very different,\" said Mark Bristow, Chief Executive of Randgold. \"Its goal will be to deliver sector leading returns, and in order to achieve this, we will need to take a very critical view of our asset base and how we run our business, and be prepared to make tough decisions,\" he added. The price of gold has fallen more than 8% this year, putting all gold producers under pressure. Barrick and Randgold will be hoping that their combination will allow them to cut costs and drive up profit margins. Analysts also say that Barrick's mines which are in relatively stable countries complement Randgold's assets in riskier locations. \"From Randgold's perspective the deal diversifies exposure away from high-risk African markets and towards Barrick's more stable North American assets. Given recent headwinds that's welcome,\" said Nicholas Hyett, an analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown. However, other analysts were less impressed by the deal. \"A very defensive move - production is really down and their shares [Randgold and Barrick] have really taken a battering,\" said Neil Wilson, financial analyst at Markets.com. \"For Barrick the access to Africa is important as they have not really had that expertise and struggled there. But equally that might not fly that well with the Barrick shareholders if they would prefer to stick to other markets,\" he added. The new company will keep the Barrick name and be listed in New York and Toronto, while Randgold's London listing will be cancelled."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The development was welcomed by Scotgold Resources which wants to mine at Cononish, near Tyndrum. The parks board of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Authority will consider the plans on 24-25 October. This is Scotgold's second attempt at securing planning permission. Its first application was rejected by the park authority in August 2010. The company then submitted revised plans in July this year after dropping an appeal. Scotgold said it had met with senior park authority representatives on \"a number of occasions\" since its initial application was rejected to discuss specific reasons for the refusal and address concerns. Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) said in August its objections to the fresh proposals could be overcome, if further commitments were made to guard against the long-term environmental effects of the mine. If Scotgold secures planning permission, it expects the mine to produce 20,000oz of gold and 80,000oz of silver a year. It would be the first time gold has been successfully extracted from a Scottish mine for more than 500 years. Scotgold chief executive Chris Sangster said: \"We are delighted with the recommendation in the report and are confident that, in considering its decision, the parks board will endorse the executive director's recommendation. \"This would represent the culmination of three years' detailed work towards planning a mining development which meets the exacting environmental standards required by the National Park Authority whilst providing a significant commercial opportunity in the interests of all stakeholders, in particular the local community which has been a keen supporter for a development that promises increased local employment and economic activity.\" Scotgold is a mining exploration and development company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The increase for the three months to June compares to 0.9% in the fourth quarter and 1.1% in the three months before. Chief executive Mike Coupe said that \"the market remains competitive\". But he said that Sainsbury's merger with Asda will \"create a more resilient and adaptable business for the future\". The biggest slowdown in sales was in Sainsbury's groceries division where total revenue rose by 0.5% compared with 2.1% in the fourth quarter and 3% in the same period a year ago. Sainsbury's said that it has invested £150m to lower prices and has reviewed 51 of its ranges, which make up 27% of its grocery sales. Mr Coupe said: \"The headline numbers reflect the level of price reductions we have made in key areas like fresh meat, fruit and vegetables since March.\" He added: \"Our price position has improved and customers have responded well, resulting in a continuation of the improved volume trend we saw in the second half of last financial year.\" But Laith Khalaf, senior analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, said: \"While the top line is just about growing, Sainsbury's efforts to lower prices mean that may not entirely feed through into profits. Sainsbury's, which also owns the retailer Argos, reported a better performance in its general merchandise and clothing businesses. General merchandise sales rose 1.7% in the three months to June, compared with a 1.2% fall in the fourth quarter and 1% in the comparable quarter in 2017. Total revenues in clothing increased by 0.8%, up from 0.4% in the previous quarter but far below the 7.2% rise Sainsbury's reported in the first quarter last year. Mr Coupe said: \"General merchandise and clothing, including Argos, continue to outperform a very challenging market and we are well placed to further grow market share.\" Total sales across Sainsbury's rose by 0.8%. Merger financing Sainsbury's is currently in talks with Asda to create the UK's largest supermarket group, which would see it leapfrogging current leader Tesco if the deal goes ahead. Both supermarkets have said that a combination would allow them to lower prices \"by around 10% on many of the products customers buy regularly\". Emma-Lou Montgomery, associate director at Fidelity Personal Investing, said: \"Going forward, Sainsbury's bosses are clearly pinning their hopes on the newly-created supermarket behemoth, that a merger with Asda would create, bulldozing its way through this relentlessly competitive sector.\" Mr Coupe has also said that the deal would not lead to store closures or job losses in stores. In its announcement on Wednesday, Sainsbury's said that it had agreed a financing package of £3.5bn in relation to the proposed merger. It also said that it remains on track to achieve £200m in cost savings this year. Shares in Sainsbury's rose by 0.44% to 318.6p in early trading."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Fellipe Abreu and Luiz Felipe SilvaSalar de Uyuni, Bolivia The line which divides the sky and the land is barely discernible and it is hard to tell what is real and what is reflection. In the world's biggest salt desert, measuring 12,000 sq km (4,635 sq miles), the ground at certain times of the year resembles a giant mirror. In the remaining months, it is more like an immense white canvas of raw salt. Extracting the salt from the surface continues to be one of the main activities for those who live around this vast white expanse. But the area is also a draw for tourists keen to see this unusual geographic formation for themselves. It resembles a puzzle of seemingly endless hexagonal shapes. But there is life, too. The salt flat is a breeding ground for pink flamingos. And giant cacti dot the landscape. Most tourists start their journey at the train cemetery. Uyuni was on the railway route linking landlocked Bolivia with Chile. Trains carrying gold, silver and other metals ran to the Pacific port city of Antofagasta, from where the metals were shipped to wherever there was demand. Now, all that is left is the empty carriages and locomotives, some of which have been painted with graffiti. Next, travellers arrive at the monument to the Dakar rally, which skirts the desert. But for most visitors, the highlight of their visit is watching the sun set and admiring the vivid colours it creates in this desert landscape. Others are transfixed by the shapes in the Desert of Dali, a name given to the area in reference to the surrealist Spanish painter whose paintings resemble the rock formations here."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Since then, it has sent back some amazing images from around its landing site, Jezero Crater, a 49km (30-mile) wide impact depression just north of the Red Planet's equator. Here is a selection of the pictures sent back from the mission, as Perseverance hunts for signs of past microbial life, seeks to characterise the planet's geology and past climate, and collects Martian rock. The Perseverance rover has initial funding to operate for one Mars year, roughly two Earth years."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 48-year-old, known for his lavish taste, is the son of the oil-rich Central African country's president. Brazil limits people from entering the country with more than $2,400 in cash. About 76% of Equatorial Guinea's 1.2m population live in poverty. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema, who is Africa's longest-serving leader, and his son, have been accused of misusing the country's oil revenue. They both deny any wrongdoing. Human rights groups have also accused the president of systematic repression of opponents. The Equatorial Guinea embassy in Brazil reportedly told police that Mr Obiang was in the country for medical treatment. What was the money for? The 11-man entourage - travelling on a government plane - landed in Viracopos International Airport in Campinas in Sao Paulo on Friday, according to media reports. Police found $1.5m in cash and watches worth an estimated $15m in two bags, the other 17 bags had clothes, says local news site Globo. Global reports that Equatorial Guinea's embassy told the Brazilian police in a statement that the money was for Mr Obiang's use on an onward trip to Singapore, while the watches - engraved with his initials - were for his personal use. Brazil's foreign ministry told news agency AFP that it was \"in permanent coordination with the federal police and the customs service over the case and to decide what measures should be taken\". Mr Obiang was the only member of the delegation who had diplomatic immunity as the group was not on an official mission, Globo reports. Police searched other delegation members as Mr Obiang waited outside in a car, it added. Who is Teodorin Nguema Obiang? Last year The Economist reported on Mr Obiang's flashy lifestyle in a report titled Instagram playboy is also the vice-president of Equatorial Guinea. It featured pictures of the vice-president showing off his expensive cars and mansions. In 2017, a French court handed him a three-year suspended jail term for corruption. The court ruled his assets in France be seized, including a mansion on Avenue Foch in Paris. He also got a suspended fine of 30m euro (£27m; $35m). In the same year Swiss prosecutors seized 11 luxury cars belonging to Mr Obiang. They said he had plundered his country's oil wealth to buy luxuries, including a private jet and Michael Jackson memorabilia. In 2015, Mr Obiang reportedly paid a samba dance group some $3.5m to adopt an Equatorial Guinea theme during Brazil's annual carnival. A spokesperson for the Beija-Flor samba group denied that they had received the money but said it had received \"cultural and artistic support\", the UK Guardian reported. More about Equatorial Guinea: UN, World Bank"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Raids were carried out at four premises in Aberdeen and Glasgow, five in England and 23 in Romania. Ten people were arrested in the UK in connection with offences related to serious and organised crime and human trafficking, with the remaining 14 being held by Romanian police. A number of potential trafficking victims were also found. The cross-border operation was carried out in the early hours of Wednesday. Officers from Police Scotland's National Human Trafficking Unit worked with the National Crime Agency (NCA) and Romanian Police's Directorate for Countering Organized Crime / Trafficking in Human Beings Department. 'No place in Scotland' Officers from Leicestershire, West Midlands and Northamptonshire police forces were also involved. The premises targeted in England were in Leicester, Coventry and Northampton. Det Insp Adrian Wallis, who led the operation, said it followed a \"lengthy investigation\". He said: \"The arrests are the result of working closely with our partners in the NCA and officers in Romania over the last 12 months, to identify those involved in this exploitation. \"The investigation isn't over yet, however, today's action should send a very clear message: trafficking won't be tolerated, and we will continue to work with partners, nationally and internationally, to identify those involved in slavery and exploitation and to bring them to justice.\" Det Supt Fil Capaldi, head of Police Scotland's National Human Trafficking Unit, added: \"Human trafficking, exploitation and modern slavery has no place in Scotland.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Figures for 2017 recorded 213 referrals to Police Scotland - up 42% on the previous year. The most significant rise was in suspected cases of labour exploitation, up 64%, with over half relating to male victims. Police Scotland said it was \"crucial\" that people continue to report their suspicions to the authorities. The Scottish government believes the increase indicates greater awareness of the problem. Scotland's first national strategy on the issue was launched last year. Identifying victims Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said: \"Trafficking and exploitation can take place in any community and does not only affect people from overseas. It is essential that if we see or suspect something then we contact the appropriate authorities. \"An increase in the number of trafficking referrals in Scotland suggests that we are getting better at identifying and reporting victims of trafficking. \"The Scottish government has also led the way in improving support for victims of trafficking in the UK, including doubling the amount of time that they are eligible for this support, from April this year.\" More than one quarter of the cases referred to the police involved children. Police Scotland Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone said: \"People are trafficked for a variety of purposes, including commercial sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, forced criminality and domestic servitude, and all for the profit or personal gain of the traffickers. \"They are often trafficked across international borders, but also within Scotland. \"It is alarming that of the 213 referrals to Police Scotland last year, 61 of those involved children.\" He added: \"The signs of person being exploited can be seen within our communities and by raising public awareness of the signs, it is crucial that all suspicions of such activity are provided to the police.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Some 20 teenagers originally faced murder charges following the 2010 murder of Sofyen Belamouadden under a law increasingly being used to tackle gang violence. After four trials lasting 21 months, three have been convicted of murder, five of manslaughter, including Bayode, 12 of lesser charges and three cleared. The case is the latest example of how the law of joint enterprise can be deployed to successfully prosecute crimes involving large numbers of people. But some campaigners argue the law is a \"lazy\" option for prosecutors and can lead to miscarriages of justice. The centuries-old law allows a whole group of people to be prosecuted for the differing roles they played in a murder. There is a version of the law in Scotland, although it is applied slightly differently. Historically, joint enterprise helped authorities deal with duels, enabling them to prosecute the duellers, their supporters and doctors who treated the wounded. To make a normal murder charge stick, prosecutors need to prove the defendant intended to kill. But the terms of joint enterprise are different - and at the heart of it is the concept of foresight. Prosecutors must prove the defendants were involved in some kind of common criminal enterprise and, in the course of their actions, the individuals could have foreseen that one member of the group might kill or inflict serious harm. In other words, if three friends were walking down the road and one stabbed a passer-by, the others could not be prosecuted if they genuinely had no idea that their companion was carrying a knife or intended to use it. But if the trio looked for trouble, and each person knew that one of them was carrying a knife as a weapon, then each could be convicted over its use because they could have foreseen the consequences. The most well-known and controversial conviction involving joint enterprise was that of Derek Bentley in 1952, for the murder of a policeman. He was convicted of the shooting and subsequently hanged. But he did not pull the trigger and the killer was too young to be sentenced to death. Bentley was in fact convicted on his disputed words - \"Let him have it\" - and on the joint enterprise principle that he could have foreseen the outcome. After a long campaign, the Court of Appeal quashed the conviction in 1998. A more recent case went all the way to the House of Lords. In 2004, Tyrone Clarke was stabbed to death in a gang fight in Leeds - and four men were convicted of his murder. They lost their appeal after the Law Lords concluded they could be found guilty by joint enterprise, even though there was no evidence that any of the four had inflicted the fatal injuries. The legislation has been used increasingly in recent years to deal with knife crime among teenage gangs as it allows police to cast a net widely and deal with walls of silence. Metropolitan Police Commander Simon Foy said this was a reflection of detectives' growing experience in investigating such murders. \"I've heard it called a lazy law and that we're just scooping people up, but it's a painstaking account of everyone who has been involved. That description is not accurate,\" he says. But campaign group Joint Enterprise Not Guilty by Association (Jengba) says the law promotes miscarriages of justice. It has been approached by 338 people who say they have been wrongfully convicted. \"Many of whom are serving life sentences for something they did not do, did not foresee what was going to happen nor intend to happen, but have been convicted by an archaic law that is being abused to get convictions and not justice,\" co-ordinator Gloria Morrison says. You can find out more about the history and development of the law of joint enterprise by listening to this BBC Radio 4 Law in Action programme from 2009."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It came as she addressed the time when the rapper publicly declared he was \"in love with\" her on stage at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2016. Rihanna told Vogue magazine waiting through his speech was \"probably the most uncomfortable part\" of the experience. She added: \"We don't have a friendship now, but we're not enemies either. It is what it is.\" Drake presented the singer with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard award at the ceremony two years ago. In a gushing speech, he told the audience: \"She's someone I've been in love with since I was 22 years old, she's one of my best friends in the world.\" Rihanna appeared to look embarrassed as Drake spoke and reflecting on what happened she told Vogue: \"Waiting through that speech was probably the most uncomfortable part. \"I don't like too many compliments, I don't like to be put on blast.\" It's not the first time there's been speculation about their friendship. They've collaborated musically over the years on tracks including What's My Name in October 2010, Take Care in 2011 and Work in 2016. But many fans have always wondered if they've ever been more than just friends. Drake told Ellen DeGeneres back in 2013 that he and Rihanna had had their \"moment\" and later told Rolling Stone magazine she was his \"ultimate fantasy\". While Rihanna has always insisted they're \"just friends\". The singer also told Vogue she's gearing up for one of the most productive periods of her career. The blockbuster movie Ocean's 8 is released this month in which she plays Nine Ball - a street-smart hacker in an all-female crew of bandits. Rihanna is also focusing on the launch of her make-up brand Fenty Beauty in collaboration with Kendo and her new line of lingerie, Savage X Fenty. She says both carry a body positive message. \"I accept all of the bodies. I'm not built like a Victoria's Secret girl, and I still feel very beautiful and confident.\" Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"The truth is that Taylor Swift and I are together, and we're very happy,\" the actor told the Hollywood Reporter. \"That's the truth,\" he continued. \"It's not a publicity stunt.\" Hiddleston has been speaking about his first Emmy nomination for The Night Manager, saying it was \"fantastic\" to to be up for outstanding lead actor. Hiddleston played concierge-turned-spy Jonathan Pine in the BBC's adaptation of John le Carre's novel. He was nominated on Thursday for the prize for lead actor in a miniseries or movie, alongside fellow Brits Benedict Cumberbatch and Idris Elba, and US stars Bryan Cranston, Cuba Gooding Jr and Courtney B Vance. But it is speculation about his relationship with Swift that has been rife in the press since they were snapped embracing near Swift's home in Rhode Island last month. The images went viral online. Hiddleston, 35, who is in Australia shooting reprising his Loki role in the latest Thor film, had previously refused to discuss the relationship with the press. There had been reports that they could have been filming a music video together. \"I'd rather just talk about my work if that's all right,\" he told one reporter in Queensland earlier this week. But when asked by the Hollywood Reporter how he would \"respond to people who claim that you're involved in some sort of publicity stunt\", the British actor rejected the \"notion\". The magazine reported that he laughed at the question and thanked them for asking it. Swift was previously in a relationship with Scottish DJ Calvin Harris, who 'unfollowed' her on Twitter after images of the singer kissing Hiddleston appeared online. Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or email [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Mark SavageBBC Music reporter Now three new acts are vying for the title as the prize marks its 10th anniversary. Pop diva Dua Lipa, blues singer Rag N Bone Man and dance vocalist Anne-Marie all make the shortlist, which is voted for by music industry experts. The winner is announced on 8 December, ahead of next year's Brit Awards. Unusually, all of this year's nominees have already tasted chart success in the last 12 months. Anne-Marie is currently number one as the featured performer on Clean Bandit's hit Rockabye. Dua Lipa, who was on the BBC's Sound Of 2016 list earlier this year, has scored hits with her singles Hotter Than Hell and Blow Your Mind (Mwah). Rag N Bone Man, meanwhile, has been number one for nine weeks in Germany with his soul-stirring ballad Human. The song is set to enter the UK chart for the first time this week after being performed by X Factor contestant Emily Middlemas. The nominees were chosen by a panel of music industry experts - from critics and record label employees to heads of the UK's biggest radio stations. The winner will receive a statue designed by late architect Zaha Hadid, and will get to perform on the Brit Awards launch show live on ITV on 14 January. Before they become ubiquitous, brush up on the nominees below. Anne-Marie After two stints in Les Miserables as a child actress, Anne-Marie was hired as a touring vocalist for dance collective Rudimental. They liked her so much they signed her to their label. Her solo single Alarm hit number 16 earlier this year and has been streamed more than 100 million times. Age: 25 From: Essex Inspired by: Eminem, 50 Cent, Prince, Lauryn Hill and... S Club 7 For fans of: Rihanna, Jess Glynne, Jessie Ware Did you know? Anne-Marie is a three-time world karate champion. She says: \"I actually can't believe I am nominated for this amazing award. This is so sick. To everyone who voted for me I am so grateful and humbled, here's to 2017!\" Dua Lipa Born in London but with an Albanian heritage, Dua Lipa attended the Sylvia Young stage school until, aged 13, her parents returned to Kosovo. She lasted two years before fleeing to London, where she worked in nightclubs to pay for her singing career. Possessed of a smoky voice and a hip-hop sensibility, she is due to release her debut album in February. Age: 21 From: London Inspired by: Chance The Rapper, David Bowie, Nelly Furtado, Pink For fans of: Destiny's Child, Lana Del Rey, Charli XCX Did you know? She once got in trouble for throwing bubble bath at a policeman. She says: \"This is the highlight of my year. I've hit a lot of milestones this year, from performing at Glastonbury, to doing my own European tour... [and] this is the icing on the cake.\" Rag N Bone Man Born Rory Graham, singer-songwriter Rag N Bone Man is the unlikely missing link between blues giants like Robert Johnson and the soulful pop of Sam Smith and John Newman. His gruff, emotive voice brings his tales of love, loss and redemption vividly to life - something his huge European fanbase have cottoned on to before the UK. Age: 31 From: Uckfield, near Brighton Inspired by: John Lee Hooker, Muddy Waters, Roots Manuva, D'Angelo For fans of: Joe Cocker, Sam Smith, Plan B, Ray LaMontagne Did You Know? The singer's chose his stage name because he's a fan of the sitcom Steptoe and Son. He says: \"It's bonkers that I've been nominated for Critics' Choice. Absolutely bonkers. I've been grafting, I built a strong fanbase over the years with help from good people that put their faith in me. And now this! I'm very grateful.\" Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Half of those consulted by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) said patient care was compromised by insufficient staffing on their most recent shift. The claims emerged in a submission to Holyrood's health committee on the 2018/19 draft budget. The Scottish government said the number of nurses and midwives had significantly increased since 2012. It is also committed to increasing the number of training places for health care workers, Health Secretary Shona Robison added. However the report is the latest in a series of warnings over staffing issues in Scotland's health service. The RCN's submission was based on the preliminary results of a survey of 3,300 nurses and health care support workers from across Scotland. Of those who said high quality care had been affected by staff shortages, a third said there were not enough registered nurses. A quarter said there were inadequate numbers of health care support workers and nearly half had concerns about the mix of skills on their last shift. Other findings include: The RCN used their report to call for more support for the healthcare workforce. It said: \"There needs to be recognition of the fact that people are the NHS' greatest resource and that investment in workforce will have a positive impact for patients, as well as seeing improvements in areas like sickness rates and retention.\" And it added: \"The RCN recognises the Scottish government's commitment to scrapping the 1% pay cap for NHS staff, but unless staff are appropriately remunerated, as well as being given the time and support to develop, issues around recruitment and retention within nursing teams will persist.\" The RCN will publish more detailed analysis of the survey results later in the summer. 'Damning insight' The findings have led to further claims that morale among health care staff is at \"rock bottom\" and nurses are being \"stretched to breaking point\". Scottish Labour health spokesman Anas Sarwar said: \"This is a deeply worrying revelation. \"It reinforces our warnings that the SNP has presided over a workforce crisis in our NHS, leaving staff over-worked, under-valued and under-resourced. \"Morale is at rock bottom in the health service, with staff reporting there simply aren't enough of them to do the job properly. That risks compromising patient safety. \"This is part of the legacy left by Nicola Sturgeon who as health secretary slashed the number of training places for nurses and midwives. \"As a result, spending on agency nurses in Scotland has risen six-fold in just five years under the SNP, which is just one reason why our health service is in desperate need for a meaningful workforce plan.\" Serious concerns Alex Cole-Hamilton, the Scottish Liberal Democrat's health spokesman, described it as a \"damning insight\" into the state of Scotland's NHS. He added: \"Our nurses within the NHS work incredibly hard but it is clear they are being stretched to breaking point. \"The SNP need to step in immediately and make sure that our wards are fully staffed. \"That starts by scrapping the NHS pay cap and give staff the resources and support they need to do their jobs. \" The Scottish Conservative's Miles Briggs said hospitals were being hit by the SNP government's \"horrendous lack of forward planning\". \"This is more damning evidence of that mismanagement, and it comes from those who know best,\" he added. \"We have warned the Scottish government for years that there aren't enough nurses working currently, and there aren't enough coming through the system. \"This falls completely on the SNP's head, and it must act swiftly to address these very serious concerns.\" 'Safe staffing' Shona Robison, the cabinet secretary for health, defended the government's record. She said: \"There are over 3,300 more whole time equivalent nursing and midwifery staff working in our NHS compared to five years ago. This year we have also increased nursing and midwifery training places by 4.7%, bringing the total number of places available in 2017-18 to 3,360. \"For the last five years, this government has made consecutive increases to the number of student nurse training places. \"We're working with health boards to reduce the overall use of agency staff, including by establishing regional and national staff banks - which allows health boards greater access to a pool of highly-skilled, flexible NHS staff. Last year, agency nursing represented just 0.4% of the total NHS nursing workforce.\" She added: \"Our recently published NHS workforce plan also sets out a commitment to delivering around 2,600 additional nursing and midwifery training places by the end of this Parliament, as part of a wide-ranging set of measures to support and sustain our workforce. \"In addition to this we have committed to enshrine safe staffing in law and are currently considering the responses we received to the recently closed consultation on this.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Marie-Louise ConnollyBBC News NI Health Correspondent Her comments follow a BBC investigation into the current state of social care. It reveals that on one day this month, 88 people had to stay in hospital unnecessarily, due to a wait for a suitable home care package. The Department of Health said care demand has risen \"considerably\" and it is reviewing its domiciliary workforce. 'Snapshot of situation' The BBC's investigation also revealed that the longest wait for a patient for home care provision was 11 months. However, the Southern Health Trust stressed that this was a highly unusual case where the patient required a specialist care package. The second longest wait was in the Belfast Health Trust where a patient waited 104 days. The average waiting time for a care package for people across the five health trusts during a three-month period ranges between three and 26 days. These figures give a snapshot into Northern Ireland's adult social care system on just one day in the middle of November. 'Exhausted' The home help worker, who wishes to remain anonymous, told the BBC that 37 house calls in 17 hours is not unusual. \"I feel like a workhorse at times,\" the interviewee said. \"You are physically and mentally exhausted because you are just working big hours all the time and even when you have given your last wee bit - they are still expecting you to go out and do a wee bit more - but that isn't recognised.\" Domiciliary care is provided when a person who is living at home requires help with personal care, including practical household tasks. It can involve helping the person wash, eat and take their medication. A different care worker said that it was not unusual to work through a shift without taking any breaks for food or even to use the toilet. \"I was at work 17 hours and had seen 35 people - it was terrible,\" the woman said. \"The company was short staffed, the clients were back-to-back, I was constantly travelling between clients. \"I wasn't able to have a break - nothing to drink, eat or even a toilet break. That kind of day is pretty typical.\" The workers' personal experiences highlight a social care system that is under considerable pressure due to the lack of domiciliary care staff across the five health trusts. 'Workforce gap' A spokesperson for the Department said: \"Demands on this vital service have grown considerably in recent years - not least in terms of the complexity of the needs being met. \"While clearly it is important that we respond to current needs, we must also look to the future and it is crucial that we develop new models of care to meet the challenges ahead.\" They added that the department is finalising a domiciliary care workforce review and that initial findings demonstrate there is a gap in the workforce, resulting in pressure on services. The review will set out a number of recommendations including commissioning, recruitment and career development and will contribute to the implementation of a health and social care workforce strategy which will be put to an incoming minister. 'Very frail' The shortage is having a detrimental impact on staff, and it is also affecting patients and their families. Moira Etherson, who is in her late 60s, is currently looking after her 97-year-old mother. While a care package had been in place, with just a week's notice it was withdrawn by a private care company which told the family there was a shortage of staff. That was four weeks ago. \"It's very, very tough. It is exhausting. My mother is very frail she needs a lot of help,\" Mrs Etherson said. 'Totally broken' \"My husband helps me to lift her but we haven't showered her in a month. We are just washing her, keeping her clean and comfortable.\" Mrs Etherson, who lives in near Maghera, County Londonderry, described Northern Ireland's social care system as \"totally broken\". \"I think the health trust would need to take back responsibility for care within the community,\" she said. \"I think they have delegated it, it's got out of hand. For private companies, it's been a race to the bottom and I just feel that the staff have left because of their poor conditions, and clients like my mother have been abandoned.\" In a statement, the Northern Health Trust confirmed that the independent company providing the 97 year old's care had withdrawn it last month and since then, the trust has been trying to secure a package of care to meet her needs. It added that the difficulty in securing care packages \"reflects the demands on the sector in some geographical areas\" and the trust acknowledged the impact and distress on the family. Pay rates A national report on the funding of older people's homecare across the UK reveals that Northern Ireland pays the lowest rate per hour. According to the Homecare Deficit 2016, the average prices paid by the individual health trusts ranged from £11.42 to £12.96 per hour, with trusts paying rates which places them in the lowest quartile of all authorities in the UK. Matters such as pay might be addressed if a Northern Ireland government was in place. The ongoing political vacuum means that a report into social care in Northern Ireland, completed in May 2017, remains unpublished. 'Exploited workers' However, the Department of Health confirmed on Monday evening that it plans to publish it within the coming weeks. The BBC understands that the report is critical of some aspects of the system, including that workers are being exploited. Asked if people were suffering under the current care system, Chief Social Worker Sean Holland said that it was a \"system under pressure\". \"I think suffering is a very strong word. There are certainly people who on occasion have to wait a period of time for the care that they have been assessed as needing,\" he said. \"But we are providing care to approximately 24,000 people and I think we shouldn't lose sight of the fact that if we were to go a generation back, many of those people would have to live in institutions or end their days in long stay hospital wards.\" 'Very concerning' Meanwhile, none of the recommendations - included in a separate report entitled 'Domiciliary Care in Northern Ireland' by the Commissioner for Older People in 2015 - have been implemented. The current commissioner, Eddie Lynch, said: \"I would describe the situation with domiciliary care as very serious across Northern Ireland. \"Many older people are not getting their needs looked after. They are getting them assessed, but then the care packages aren't being implemented for a series of reasons and this is very concerning. He added: \"In particular, two years on from when a report was published from my office which outlined clear recommendations to government about what needs to happen, that report has yet to be implemented. \"So, older people across Northern Ireland are still in situation where they are not getting the care they deserve at home.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"He told health teams the Scottish government has taken steps to improve emergency care since last winter. A total of £50m has been allocated to a care action plan over the next three years, of which £9m has already been given to health boards. But BMA Scotland said the funding did not go far enough. The body, which represents Scottish doctors, described the winter planning provisions announced by Mr Neil as a \"sticking plaster\". The funding given to health boards is triple the amount provided for winter planning last year. The money is being used to recruit additional staff, including additional A&E consultants and for measures to improve the flow of patients throughout hospitals. NHS Grampian has set up a local helpline with a consultant available 24 hours a day to offer advice to GPs, paramedics and nurse practitioners, while NHS Forth Valley is introducing a Frailty Unit which will help the treatment of elderly patients. 'Increased pressures' NHS 24 is also introducing a new triage service and access to physiotherapy assessment by phone, offering advice to patients as an alternative to attending GP, out of hours or A&E, and has used some funding to help develop the clinical skills available to NHS 24 callers. Speaking ahead of a planning summit for health teams from across Scotland, Mr Neil said: \"We know that our health service can face added pressure in the winter months and NHS boards have to be ready to manage potential increases in demand. \"Our health service reviews its performance each winter, with planning under way before most people have even had a chance to think about their summer holidays. \"Last winter saw increased pressures including an early start to the norovirus season, an increase in respiratory illnesses, and a rise in the number of people attending A&E in the peak of winter. \"We recognise that there are areas where we need to improve. That is why this year we are focusing on improving emergency care all year round. \"This will ensure we have the most appropriate systems in place to cope with an ageing population and the pressures that winter brings.\" 'Empty promise' The health secretary said the planning summit was a chance for health boards to share ideas about what provisions they have put in place ahead of the winter period, and to highlight innovative approaches which are already working well. He added: \"However, I am not complacent, and each winter brings additional pressures for the health service, but I hope these changes will help to ensure our health service is prepared for winter.\" Dr Charles Saunders, deputy chairman of the BMA in Scotland, agreed that winter is always a \"particularly challenging\" time of year for the NHS. He added: \"The problem is that many NHS services are already working at full capacity and there is little scope for flexibility. \"While we welcome today's announcement of £9m for winter planning this year it is simply not enough. \"Divided amongst 14 health boards, the resource available locally will not be sufficient to make a significant difference. Creating consultant posts is a welcome measure, but if there are no doctors to fill these positions, it is simply an empty promise.\" \"The intention to improve the way that unscheduled care is provided year-round, is a sensible one, although it is deeply concerning that today's announcement makes no mention of primary care services.\" He added: \"It is GPs and community based staff who work with patients in their homes to try to minimise the need for avoidable and unplanned hospital admissions. \"This is a sticking plaster that will do little to stem the tide of demand that a harsh winter could create.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The White House confirmed to BBC News that the first daughter will lead the US delegation in Pyeongchang. She will also reportedly attend several of the sporting events leading up to the closing ceremony. Meanwhile, Vice-President Mike Pence said he would not rule out talks with North Korea officials when he attends the Winter Olympics this week. \"I have not requested a meeting, but we'll see what happens,\" he told reporters in Alaska on Monday during a stopover on his way to Japan and South Korea. Ms Trump tweeted her excitement last month about the Olympic games, which begin in Pyeongchang, South Korea on 8 February. She was asked to attend the ceremony by her father, President Donald Trump, and the Olympics Committee, according to a White House official. Ms Trump worked with the International Olympic Committee to bring the 2028 Summer Games to the city of Los Angeles, the official added. Mr Pence will lead the US delegation to the opening ceremony, and will join the top US general in South Korea as well as other military and diplomatic officials. The vice-president said though \"all options are on the table\" regarding North Korea and its nuclear ambitions, part of the goal of his trip was to \"tell the truth about North Korea at every stop\". \"We're travelling to the Olympics to make sure that North Korea doesn't use the powerful symbolism and the backdrop of the Winter Olympics to paper over the truth about their regime,\" he said. He added that it was \"a regime that oppresses its own people, a regime that threatens nations around the world, a regime that continues its headlong rush to develop nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles\". His comments come a day after he announced he would bring to the games the father of a US student who died after he was released from a North Korean jail. Mr Pence said he would bring Otto Warmbier's father to remind the world of North Korea's human rights abuses. The Winter Olympics take place as tensions have eased between North and South Korea. The two nations are expected to march under one flag at the opening ceremony and agreed to field a joint team in women's ice hockey. Olympic officials are also scrambling to contain the spread of a norovirus after 41 members of security staff reported having symptoms of vomiting and diarrhoea. Some 1,200 of the guards have been withdrawn from Olympic sites."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ms Trump landed in hot water after sending out a \"style alert\" to journalists around the world. The problem? The alert focused on a $10,000 bracelet from her own range which she had worn during Donald Trump's 60 Minutes interview. Critics saw the email as blurring the lines between business and politics. The \"alert\" showed a picture of Ms Trump wearing the bracelet - described as her \"favourite bangle\" - during the CBS interview, which was watched by 20 million people. You might also like: Will Trump's children be his advisers? Lavish 5bn rupee wedding angers cash-strapped Indians Woman finds mouse sewn into new dress People were quick to accuse her of cashing in on her father's position, while some social media users noted the bracelet's price tag of $10,800 (£8,670) - roughly a fifth of the average US annual income - was at odds with Trump's man of the people image. The Ivanka Trump brand was forced to apologise. Chief brand officer Abigail Klem told The New York Times that the \"style alert\" had been sent by \"a well-intentioned marketing employee at one of our companies who was following customary protocol, and who, like many of us, is still making adjustments post-election\". It is not the first time Ms Trump has used her father's new political career to advertise her own business. In July, Ms Trump raised eyebrows when she plugged a sleeveless sheath dress from her own collection that she wore to the Republican Party's national convention that nominated her father. Immediately after the convention, Ms Trump sent a Twitter message with a link directing fans who wanted to \"shop Ivanka's look\" to retailer Macy's website where they could buy the same dress for $138. However, being the daughter of a controversial candidate has not been entirely good news for the businesswoman. The #grabyourwallets campaign, which calls on women to stop buying Ivanka brand luxury products from major US stores, including Macy's, Nordstrom and Amazon, began after Mr Trump was heard to boast \"you can do anything\" to women \"when you're a star\" and is heard saying \"grab them by the pussy\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Laura BickerBBC News, Seoul Instead, the US and North Korea appear to be staring one another down, waiting for the other to blink or make a move. And neither appears willing to give way. Discussions aimed at setting up a second summit between the two leaders didn't happen as planned this week. Chairman Kim's aide, the hardliner Kim Yong-chol was supposed to travel to New York and meet US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. But the BBC understands that the meeting was cancelled after the State Department discovered that the North Koreans didn't get on the plane as planned. The official line is that the meeting will be rescheduled and Mr Trump said he's \"very happy\" with how things are going, and that he's in \"no rush\" while sanctions remain in place. In Seoul, too, they are urging reporters not to read too much into the missed meeting - there have been missed meetings in the past, they say. Although officials from the Foreign Ministry did express \"disappointment\". South Korea's President Moon Jae-in warned me in his BBC interview that he expected \"bumps and bruises\" on the way as the international community tries to persuade North Korea to disarm. But it's hard not to feel that both the momentum for talks and the opportunity to engage with North Korea may be slipping away. Even at a lower level, the new US North Korean envoy Stephen Biegun has been in his job for over two months and has still not met his Pyongyang counterpart, Vice Foreign Minister Choi Sun-hui. Complete denuclearisation? The root of this standoff is that North Korea and the US have never really agreed on the goalposts of \"denuclearisation\". What do they actually mean when they talk about disarmament? Yes the two leaders signed an agreement in Singapore, but the lack of detail in the deal we talked about back then is now coming back to haunt these talks and potentially scupper progress. From the start, Pyongyang has been clear. They will not unilaterally disarm. They want a staged process where they give a little and get something in return. That means, right now they feel they have done enough to warrant sanctions relief. Both the US and the UN have placed tough economic penalties on North Korea. Around 90% of its exports are banned including coal, iron ore, seafood and textiles. There are also caps on the amount of oil it can buy. If Kim Jong-un is going to build up his economy as he has promised his people, then he will need the sanctions lifted. However, the US has also been absolute. There will be no sanctions relief until \"complete denuclearisation\". Right now, that seems a lofty and unrealistic goal. President Trump did say that \"he'd love to take the sanctions off\", and then added that North Korea \"would have to be responsive, too\". Will Washington compromise? Russia called a meeting this week of the United Nations Security Council to discuss sanctions on North Korean banks. But the US Ambassador to the UN, Nikki Haley, was unequivocal: \"The threat is still there. North Korea still has nuclear facilities and they've still not allowed inspectors in to inspect them.\" Several analysts have called on the US to adjust its thinking and approach. Bend a little before this process breaks completely. But so far there have been no signs that the Trump administration is willing to do this. So if the US is not prepared to act, what does Pyongyang do? Last week it issued a threat in a statement from the Foreign Ministry's Institute for American Studies. It claimed that \"the improvement of relations and sanctions is incompatible\", and that the US was \"bragging arrogantly without showing any change in its stand, while failing to properly understand our repeated demand\". The statement went on to suggest that unless the US removed sanctions, then it could restart its nuclear programme. Let's be clear here, several studies by US intelligence and by the UN suggest North Korea has not stopped its building or stockpiling of weapons. But it has stopped testing missiles and nuclear weapons, which President Trump has taken as a personal victory. Mr Trump even declared that \"there was no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea\". North Korea's choices So yes, North Korea has a choice. It could test another missile, which would be embarrassing to a US President who has declared that the problem was solved. But that would come with huge risks. A missile test is more likely to anger an unpredictable Donald Trump who hates when his administration shows any sign of weakness. It would, once again, raise international condemnation and is unlikely to have the desired effect of sanctions relief. Another missile or nuclear test would also harm North Korea's developing relationship with the South, where several companies are poised to invest as soon as the restrictions are lifted. Kim Jong-un's other choice is to blink first and fulfil some of his promises. He could let inspectors into Punggye-ri, the state's only known nuclear test site. TV cameras were brought in to witness a series of explosions there in May, which North Korea claims was its complete destruction. President Moon said Mr Kim told him he would allow inspectors in, and there have been reports in South Korea that preparations are being made. This would allow Pyongyang to argue that they are once again keeping their end of the bargain. Mr Kim could also close the Yongbyon nuclear facility where North Korea is believed to produce fissile material for nuclear weapons. North Korea pledged to close it earlier this year, but only if the US takes corresponding measures. It would be very difficult politically for Mr Kim to do this first, so the US would have to put something good on the table for Pyongyang to take this step. It is worth mentioning that several people I speak to, who have regular contact with leaders in Pyongyang, have told me about the pressures facing Kim Jong-un as a young leader. He is surrounded by a number of military hardliners who are not willing to disarm, nor do they wish to be seen as bowing to US requests. Pyongyang's savvy games Perhaps both sides are calculating that they can simply \"run the clock\", play for time and wait. The US can keep sanctions in place until North Korea takes further action. Pyongyang can continue to issue warnings and develop other diplomatic ties. However, this is a huge gamble for the US. North Korea's nuclear arsenal has been labelled an urgent problem by US defence and intelligence chiefs. That threat is still there and the longer this standoff continues, the more likely it is that Pyongyang will continue to develop weapons. The stringent economic sanctions imposed on the state may only have a limited effect. The Trump administration had managed to get China and Russia on board with its \"maximum pressure\" policy for some months. But reports suggest the borders have become porous in places and the supplies are making their way into North Korea. Kim Jong-un has proved to be a savvy political operator and has rebuilt relationships with his neighbours. The US maintains that another summit between Kim Jong-un and Donald Trump will take place early next year. The two leaders may prefer dealing with one another directly. But it still needs talks to take place between those lower down the chain of command to sort out the details of a deal. A timetable for disarmament and corresponding US actions for instance. Without those details on paper, as you can see, we end up with what is the equivalent of this diplomatic game of chicken which puts president Mr Trump's much applauded North Korea policy in danger of crashing."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Amy Woodfield & Samantha NobleBBC News, East Midlands The structure has been put up on London Road, in Nottingham, while development work takes place in the area. Cyclist Julian Bentley said the incline of the steps is too steep and he worried he would drop his bike. Developers Conygar said the scaffolding met safety requirements but added they were aware of the concerns and working on a solution. Mr Bentley, 50, from Ruddington in Nottinghamshire, said: \"You absolutely need one hand on the handrail and the other on the bike. \"I thought there is no way I am attempting that again. \"Imagine what it is like for someone less mobile - beyond horrific. \"Because of the terrifying steepness of the incline... the whole time, you are worried you are going to drop the bike or fall.\" Another cyclist from Beeston, Nottinghamshire, who wished to be known as Ellie, said she had found the steps \"way too steep\" to climb with her heavy, Dutch-style bike. \"I had to push it up this really steep ramp - I almost dropped my bike but thankfully there was another cyclist who was able to grab my bike and help me,\" she said. \"It was really unpleasant and I've not gone down that way since.\" The Canal & River Trust said the steps are on land licensed to developers Conygar, which is behind the new 40-acre Island Quarter development of hotels, offices and restaurants close to the canal. Conygar said it had closed off the towpath access earlier this year but put up the scaffolding to allow access to the canal area following a request from the trust and Nottingham City Council. It added the scaffolding complied with safety requirements. Richard Watson, from Conygar, said: \"We are aware of the concerns raised by members of the public using the temporary access route and are working closely with the Canal and River Trust and Nottingham City Council to provide a solution. \"The canal and its connectivity is an incredibly important part of our vision for the first phase of The Island Quarter development.\" The trust said the council was producing diversion signs to let cyclists know to avoid the area until work to improve the steps was carried out. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Canal and River Trust"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A number of people have used Twitter to warn about icy roads and paths. Paul Tutton, from Filton, said the Bristol to Bath railway path was \"unsafe and very slippery\". Bristol City Council said it was working on options to grit paths and cyclists should use roads in the meantime. On Twitter, Bristol cyclists have warned others to take care when conditions are icy. Tom Saunders said: \"Prince St bridge is covered in ice. Loads of cyclists have come off so please go carefully.\" And Gray Buchanan told cyclists: \"Lots of black ice at the Bristol end of the Bristol to Bath cycle path\". Mr Tutton posted a video on Facebook of an accident he had on the Bristol to Bath path. A spokesman for Bristol City Council said while the situation was \"not ideal\", plans were in place to grit the busiest routes when significant snow was forecast. A Bath and North East Somerset Council spokesman said: \"No highway authority has the capacity or resources to treat all roads and paths, and therefore they have an agreed policy that ensures we provide the best possible service within our resources.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The developer of The Shield in Newcastle said cladding on the building included Reynobond ACM PE panels. BAM Properties Ltd operations director Gerry Mather said it \"meets all fire safety and building regulations\". However, at its highest point, it will be taller than 18m, which is the maximum height the government has said such cladding should be used. The Department for Communities and Local Government has said cladding of a composite aluminium panel with a polyethylene core would be non-compliant with current building regulations guidance. But Mr Mather stated The Shield has \"very different safety characteristics\" from Grenfell Tower and is \"considerably smaller than those being identified in public discussion by fire safety experts\". \"Because of the tragic current events, we've sought additional information and reassurances from the architect, building control and our fire safety consultants,\" Mr Mather said. \"This has reassured us that our building meets all fire safety and building regulations and standards. \"If we had any concerns we would act on these.\" Newcastle City Council said the developer had appointed a private company, not the local authority, to oversee building regulations compliance. The \"approved inspector\", HCD Building Control Ltd, has declined to comment. The Shield is between five and seven stories high and about 20m tall at its height. It is being managed by Fresh Student Living, which issued a fire safety statement on its website after the Grenfell Tower disaster. Its buildings are \"fully compliant with fire safety regulations and are fire risk assessed\", it said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket,\" says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who \"haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible.\" The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? \"For some people it is,\" says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. \"But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. \"The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day.\" The British Dietetic Association says: \"What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better.\" So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. \"There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated.\" Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so \"you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value\". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets \"to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track\". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: \"Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?\" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: \"Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win.\" With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has \"measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables.\" They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this \"would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time.\" And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. \"Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win.\" \"There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it.\" She points out when you look at advertising only \"1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg\". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is \"demonised\". \"It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Alex TherrienHealth reporter, BBC News Low-carb diets, such as Atkins, have become increasingly popular for weight loss and have shown promise for lowering the risk of some illnesses. But a US study over 25 years indicates that moderate carb consumption - or switching meat for plant-based protein and fats - is healthier. The study relied on people remembering the amount of carbohydrates they ate. 'Gaining widespread popularity' In the study, published in The Lancet Public Health, 15,400 people from the US filled out questionnaires on the food and drink they consumed, along with portion sizes. From this, scientists estimated the proportion of calories they got from carbohydrates, fats, and protein. After following the group for an average of 25 years, researchers found that those who got 50-55% of their energy from carbohydrates (the moderate carb group and in line with UK dietary guidelines) had a slightly lower risk of death compared with the low and high-carb groups. Carbohydrates include vegetables, fruit and sugar but the main source of them is starchy foods, such as potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and cereals. The NHS Eatwell Guide provides details on how to achieve this kind of healthy, balanced diet and reduce the risk of serious illnesses in the long term. Researchers estimated that, from the age of 50, people in the moderate carb group were on average expected to live for another 33 years. This was: The findings were similar to previous studies the authors compared their work with, which included more than 400,000 people from more than 20 countries. The scientists then compared low-carb diets rich in animal proteins and fats with those that contained lots of plant-based protein and fat. They found that eating more beef, lamb, pork, chicken and cheese in place of carbs was linked with a slightly increased risk of death. But replacing carbohydrates with more plant-based proteins and fats, such as legumes and nuts, was actually found to slightly reduce the risk of mortality. Dr Sara Seidelmann, clinical and research fellow in cardiovascular medicine from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, who led the research, said: \"Low-carb diets that replace carbohydrates with protein or fat are gaining widespread popularity as a health and weight-loss strategy. \"However, our data suggests that animal-based low carbohydrate diets, which are prevalent in North America and Europe, might be associated with shorter overall life span and should be discouraged. \"Instead, if one chooses to follow a low carbohydrate diet, then exchanging carbohydrates for more plant-based fats and proteins might actually promote healthy ageing in the long term.\" 'Not enough to focus on nutrients' The authors speculate that Western-type diets that restrict carbohydrates often result in lower intake of vegetables, fruit, and grains and lead to greater consumption of animal proteins and fats, which have been linked to inflammation and ageing in the body. Prof Nita Forouhi, from the MRC epidemiology unit at University of Cambridge, who was not involved in the study, said: \"A really important message from this study is that it is not enough to focus on the nutrients, but whether they are derived from animal or plant sources. \"When carbohydrate intake is reduced in the diet, there are benefits when this is replaced with plant-origin fat and protein food sources, but not when replaced with animal-origin sources such as meats.\" However, there are limitations to the study. The findings show observational associations rather than cause-and-effect and what people ate was based on self-reported data, which might not be accurate. And the authors acknowledge that since diets were measured only at the start of the trial and six years later, dietary patterns could have changed over the subsequent 19 years. 'High fibre intake' Prof Tom Sanders, professor emeritus of nutrition and dietetics at King's College London, also pointed out that the use of a food questionnaire in the study led to people underestimating the calories and fat they had eaten. \"One explanation for the finding in this and the other US studies is that it may reflect the higher risk of death in the overweight/obese, who may fall into two popular diet camps - those favouring a high-meat/low-carbohydrate diet and those favouring a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet,\" he added. Dr Alison Tedstone, chief nutritionist at Public Health England, said: \"This provides further evidence that low-carb diets could be incredibly damaging to our long-term health. \"High-fibre starchy carbohydrates should provide about half of our energy, including fruit and vegetables, while reducing intake of higher fat meat and dairy.\" Follow Alex on Twitter."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Alice EvansBBC News, London You're in denial. According to the sustainability charity Wrap, efforts to reduce edible waste have done nothing to decrease the estimated 10 million tonnes of food that has been binned every year since 2012. That's enough loaves of bread almost to fill Wembley Stadium; enough milk to fill 230 Olympic-sized swimming pools; and the weight of 365 blue whales in bananas alone. Food waste within homes accounted for more than 70% of this. In a recent survey by Wrap, 59% of people said they jettison no - or barely any - food. Helen White, from the organisation, is sceptical. As she says, it's coming from somewhere. And although she's \"certainly not asking anybody to eat eggshells, suck teabags or chew on orange peel\", she is asking us to commit to small changes that can make a big difference. Here are some people who are already pulling their weight when it comes to reducing food waste. A hearty app-etite If fresh food at shops, cafes, restaurants and street stalls isn't sold, what happens to it? Some donate uneaten sandwiches and the like to charities - but the greater proportion is thrown in the bin. Enter a pair of millennials and their smartphones. Jamie Crummie and his best friend Chris Wilson are behind an app called Too Good To Go, which enables users across the country to buy cut-price meals at the end of trading time. The two entrepreneurs, who met while studying at the University of Leeds, don't see it as just a money-spinner - in fact, Mr Crummie says the ideal goal would be to go out of business because they've raised so much awareness that there is no more food waste. \"People are already eating at these places, so why not do something awesome at the same time and rescue a meal that would have been wasted?\" asks Mr Crummie. The pair, who teamed up with some like-minded Danish friends to launch the app, have an ambition of eradicating the almost one million tonnes of waste produced by the food and hospitality industry every year - which has a value of more than £1.5bn. \"The app is a no-brainer,\" said Sean Robinson, one of more than 300,000 people to download Too Good To Go since it came to the UK in 2016. Mr Robinson, 30, regularly leaves Sesame Salad Bar in Leeds with a takeaway box full of the shop's leftovers for just £2.70 - less than half the price of a peak-time portion. \"It's good for me as well as the customer,\" said the owner and manager, Ali Felan. \"When I don't have to throw food away, it makes me happy. I appreciate the app, I love it.\" One potential downside is that people have to wait until closing time to eat their meal - although as another user of the app, 26-year-old Jen Wilson, points out, not everybody still has traditional office lunch hours. \"The timings are strange but later tends to work better for me.\" Top grub A group of scientists believe they could be on the brink of revolutionising the food chain - and that the answer to beating food waste lies (or rather flies) with insects. During their times as undergraduates at the University of Cambridge, Matt McLaren and his friends Joe Halstead, Miha Pipan and Fotis Fotiadis realised there was something special about the larvae of the black soldier fly. The larvae of the insect - Hermetia illucens - have voracious appetites and their digestive systems convert food waste efficiently into useful fats and proteins. In turn, these larvae can be used as cheap, nutrient-rich food on salmon farms. The 10 million tonnes of food we waste each year is linked to the release of millions of litres of greenhouse gas. But the process the young graduates have developed could help reduce these emissions and cut waste. At the moment, the progress of the team's company, Entomics, is restricted by food safety laws. Farmed animals - including salmon - cannot be fed with insects that have eaten manure, even though technically insects can process it. \"There's a lot of promise but really it's a very difficult regulatory issue,\" Entomics CEO Mr McLaren explains. The team is therefore using \"safer\" sources of food for the insects in their research, such as rotting and mouldy vegetables from factories and supermarkets. They have also secured a government grant for £890,000 to conduct more salmon trials with the University of Stirling. \"It just shows there's huge promise here,\" says Mr McLaren, who hopes to find a \"truly sustainable animal feed alternative\". He thinks there's even a chance humans might one day eat animals that have been fed up with insects that in turn feasted on manure and rotting meat. He said this kind of breakthrough would be a \"game changer\" in the battle against food waste. Giving peas a chance Riverford Organic Farmers has gone from being \"one man and a wheelbarrow\" to supplying organic vegetables to tens of thousands of homes each week. Guy Singh-Watson started growing organic veg on his family farm in Buckfastleigh, Devon, in 1986. A few bumper crops later and the entrepreneur had gone from selling carrots out of the back of his car to supplying Sainsbury's and Waitrose. But something about the business of supplying food started to smell a bit rotten for the eco-friendly farmer. \"I got very upset seeing our lettuces on the shelves, looking pretty old and tired,\" the 57-year-old says. \"They were over-packaged and wasted. You have to grow an excess to meet the demand.\" So Mr Singh-Watson took matters back into his own hands, cutting ties with supermarkets to slash his waste from an estimated 50% to just 2%. Any leftovers from Riverford's veg box scheme can be used in their restaurants or cafes, or in the staff canteen, and employees can take as much surplus as they like home with them. Food is also donated to local charities and food banks. The rest is given to the cows on the farms, apart from leeks, garlic and onions, which are composted instead - because if the cows eat them \"they make the milk taste a bit funny\". But Mr Singh-Watson worries about the sustainability of other parts of his business, which delivers 47,000 veg boxes across England and Wales every week. Competitors such as Amazon Fresh and home delivery from supermarkets mean consumers are becoming impatient with Riverford's delivery policy, which sees customers' postcodes determine the time and date of their delivery. Mr Singh-Watson - who says his staff make up to eight times as many deliveries per mile than supermarkets that have specific time slots - admits he is being \"pushed\" towards making deliveries more flexible. But the farmer, who sees such a move as an \"environmental disaster\", said: \"We'll hold out as long as we can.\" If life gives you apples... On a cold, rainy day in Brockwell Park, south London, Kath Rosen and her family paint a colourful picture. Brandishing brightly coloured homemade instruments, they are here with a dozen others to take part in the annual \"wassail\" - an ancient tradition to ensure a good apple harvest. \"We do lots of banging of pots and make noise to drive the bad spirits out of the tree, and then we pour some cider on the ground and hang bread in the tree to bring the robins, which are associated with fertility,\" Ms Rosen explains. Behind this ancient ritual is a true food waste warrior. Ms Rosen, 43, is co-CEO of the Orchard Project, a charity dedicated to the creation and restoration of community orchards. Perhaps surprisingly, there are plenty in London. But when you consider the definition of an orchard is \"a group of at least five fruit and nut trees planted on vigorous rootstocks at low densities in permanent grassland\" the situation becomes clearer. These aren't in the rolling hills of the Kent countryside, but nonetheless London has a strong orchard heritage, as evidenced by place names such as Perivale (pear tree valley) and Plumstead (place of plum trees). Last autumn the project harvested seven tonnes of apples from the capital's orchards, using the fruit to make juice and cider at a workshop in Herne Hill. But, as Ms Rosen points out, that was only \"the tip of the iceberg\" \"There's so much more fruit in cities which is just left to rot.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The group said the decision was \"in line with guidance\". At present, the UK government recommends people work from home to limit the spread of Covid-19. Lloyds has 65,000 staff, the majority of whom are presently working remotely. Last month, the group said it was cutting 865 jobs as part of plans to restructure the business. \"In line with guidance from the UK and national governments, and given the majority of our colleagues are working from home, we have asked them to continue to do so until at least spring,\" a spokesperson for Lloyds Banking Group said in a statement. Lloyds Banking Group encompasses many household names including Lloyds Bank, Halifax, Bank of Scotland and Scottish Widows. Two thirds of Lloyds employees are understood to be working from home at the moment, although staff continue to operate in high street bank branches. In September, Catherine McGuinness, policy chair of the City of London, told the BBC she was \"disappointed\" by the \"blanket call\" by government for office workers to return to working from home where possible. She said the virus was in danger of crippling the economy, adding \"we need to find a way of living with it\". \"This is important not so much for the big institutions that can work very well from home, but for the jobs that depend on them,\" Ms McGuinness said. Last week, Deloitte announced it would close four UK offices and offer the 500 employees who work in their offices in Gatwick, Liverpool, Nottingham and Southampton work-from-home contracts. In September, Barclays also told the BBC that \"hundreds\" of UK staff who had gone back to the office would be asked to return to working from home. More home working is likely to be a permanent fixture for many firms, according to a recent study by the Institute of Directors. A survey of just under 1,000 firms by the group found that 74% plan on maintaining the increase in home working. More than half planned on reducing their long-term use of workplaces. Companies are not likely to switch fully to home working permanently though, it said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Unite union said staff - including those with underlying health conditions - were warned they would lose their jobs if they stayed at home. Some who spoke to the BBC said working conditions at the firm's base in Shirebrook, Derbyshire, were not safe. Sports Direct has not responded to requests for comment. Earlier this week it agreed to close its physical stores, a U-turn after the company previously argued it provided an essential service and should stay open. However, people can still order online, and the firm's web orders are processed at its Shirebrook distribution centre. There are fears workers could spread coronavirus to ex-miners in the local community who have severe chest problems. Products 'not critical' In her letter to management, Unite regional officer Cheryl Pidgeon said: \"For the sake of the employees, the local community and the business reputation please allow workers to go home, stay safe and pay them their usual wages without loss of money.\" Her concerns included: \"The products that many people are working on are not critical to the nation at this moment in time,\" she said. \"There are many, many scared workers at the warehouse.\" One worker told the BBC that thousands of staff stand close together when clocking in and out, and the screens they use to do so were not being wiped. \"There are queues, shoulder to shoulder at the clocking in and out screens and down the stairs, picking equipment isn't sterilised, lots of people are close together in the toilets and canteen, with no-one monitoring distance,\" the worker said. \"I'm frightened the virus is being taken back to Mansfield and Shirebrook.\" Another worker said: \"I was scared; there is no chance to keep distance when pickers come around. You even touch each other. \"I don't feel safe where I was working with online orders.\" Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In a televised address, he confirmed that level three restrictions would be imposed nationwide from Wednesday. The move rejects a recommendation by public health experts to impose the strictest level five measures. Mr Martin said moving to level five could have \"severe implications\". \"If we all act now we can stop the need to go further, with introducing level four and five restrictions,\" he continued. The taoiseach said this would risk hundreds of thousands of jobs. The challenge for government \"at this stage\", he added, was to be as \"effective and proportionate as possible\" in how it deals with Covid-19. No crowds at sport The Irish government's decision rejects the recommendation by National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) to move to level five. This would have seen restrictions similar to the lockdown measures imposed in March. But Tánaiste (Deputy PM) Leo Varadkar told RTÉ the government did not think the NPHET recommendation had been \"thought through properly\". Level three measures mean there will now be tighter limitations on gatherings and people will be advised to work from home unless absolutely necessary. It also means that sporting fixtures in the Republic of Ireland will be played behind closed doors, with only professional or elite sporting activities permitted. Mr Martin said the country's five-level system allowed the government to have a flexible and appropriate response to \"new trends\". However, he said it also gives \"everybody a fair opportunity to plan and respond\". In response to Mr Martin's statement, Sinn Féin president Mary-Lou McDonald questioned what additional support would be provided for families, workers and businesses affected by the new regulations. The taoiseach reported that the new restrictions would be reviewed in three weeks' time. Counties Donegal and Dublin had already been placed under level three restrictions in recent weeks. There were 518 new cases in the country on Monday, with no further deaths in the previous 24 hours. Level three restrictions involve: The letter sent to the government by the NPHET on Sunday calling for a move to level five restrictions nationwide was published on Monday evening. It states that \"it is vital we do everything in our power now to arrest the current trajectory nationally and very substantially suppress the virus back down to a low level of transmission in advance of the winter months.\" It adds: \"The NPHET advises that the profile of the disease is such that a graduated approach will not have sufficient or timely impact on the trajectory and scale of the disease and will not protect the core priorities set out above. \"A graduated approach would, ultimately, result in application of level five measures as mitigation. \"In contrast, the immediate application of level five is intended to limit the impact of public health of Covid-19\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"National Grid has confirmed it is withdrawing its plans to connect a proposed new nuclear power station in Anglesey to the electricity network. It follows the decision by Horizon to suspend work on Wylfa Newydd. The grid said it would look closely at any other proposals that come forward to revive the plans at Wylfa. National Grid had planned for a new line of pylons and a tunnel at the Menai Strait, and had applied to the Planning Inspectorate for the plans to be reviewed. The statement comes two days after Welsh Secretary Alun Cairns met representatives of Horizon's parent company Hitachi in Tokyo. First Minister Mark Drakeford is due to meet Horizon at Wylfa on Thursday before he chairs a meeting of his cabinet in Llandudno."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Hendy Wind Farm Ltd said its proposal to build seven turbines at Llandegley near Llandrindod Wells had the support of land owners. The planning committee was recommended to approve it on Thursday, but voted to refuse permission. Campaigners had said the plans could deter tourists visiting the area. Four of the turbines would have been built on a protected public right of way, according to preservation body the Open Spaces Society. This would make it common land, according to the group set up in 1865 to protect such areas. Plans would have seen seven turbines built that would provide energy to power about 10,000 homes. Ahead of the meeting Kate Ashbrook, general secretary of the Open Spaces Society, called the development \"damaging\". \"People visit the area because of its natural beauty, peace and tranquillity,\" she said. \"The turbines could deter them from coming and that would result in a serious loss of tourist income to the community.\" A spokesman for Hendy Wind Farm Ltd had said: \"The proposal is of course put forward with support of all the relevant land owners, and we are comfortable that we have all the rights required for the planning application.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Balfour Beatty has closed the site which supplies the construction of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station. A second deep clean of the facility is set to take place this week after the first was carried out last weekend. Christina Gray, director of Public Health for Bristol City Council, said measures in place would \"prevent the outbreak spreading into the community\". A further six positive tests were confirmed after the announcement of 22 cases on Monday. Ms Gray said that all workers with positive tests are self-isolating and contact tracing is under way. \"Balfour Beatty reacted promptly, voluntarily closing its site to reduce the risk of infection and calling in public health experts. \"These actions, along with those we are now taking, will contain this outbreak and prevent it spreading into the community,\" she said. Balfour Beatty said it initiated the NHS Test and Trace procedure and that it had currently \"shown no impact on the Hinkley Point C main construction site\". \"We continue to engage with all those affected and remain committed to the health, safety and wellbeing of all those who work with and for us, as well as the general public,\" a spokesperson said. The 28 positive tests in Avonmouth is more than the entire city of Bristol recorded in the past week. Figures updated on Monday showed 18 new cases in the week to 23 July - about 3.9 per 100,000 people - up from eight the week before. The new cases in Avonmouth will only be counted towards Bristol's total if the workers live in the city. Unite regional officer Heathcliffe Pettifer said the union had sought reassurances from Balfour Beatty over measures to prevent the risk of further transmissions once staff return to site. \"We are also calling on Balfour Beatty to ensure that all workers, regardless of whether they are directly employed by Balfour Beatty or a contractor, are paid in full while the site is closed,\" he added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Jennifer HarbyBBC News The demise of \"major anchor stores\" like BHS and Toys R Us and the rise of online shopping has caused a \"downward spiral\", analyst Nelson Blackley said. Many of the at-risk centres are owned by US private equity firms under deals that will need refinancing. \"If centres close, particularly in small towns, it will be catastrophic,\" Mr Blackley said. \"We have too many of them, doing exactly the same - the same range of stores and products - and basically that's not attractive,\" he added. In pictures: The rise and fall of shopping centres Mother and daughter Helena Waszczyszyn and Anja Ramsden, from Nottingham, said the city's Broadmarsh Centre was \"empty and soulless\". While it is not one of the 200 owned by private equity, the centre has seen shops close over the course of the past decade and is currently awaiting an £86m redevelopment. Ms Ramsden said: \"The shops have gone one by one - even when they were there they were a bit rubbish. \"It's desolate in there. There's a toilet, somewhere to sit and it's out of the rain, that's it.\" Jasmin Stephenson, from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire, had a similar view of the centre, saying: \"I literally only go if I have to.\" \"A few years ago a lot of businesses closed down and cleared out,\" she said. \"They said they were going to renovate it but nothing has happened. It's not a place I go to now. \"It's a shame, as a lot of history was demolished to make way for it and it's just a concrete block. That's quite depressing.\" Mr Blackley, from the National Retail Research Knowledge Exchange Centre, said the growth of online retail in the UK - on sites such as Amazon - had been faster than in almost any other retail market in the world. \"If the major anchor store moves out, that has a halo effect on other stores in that centre. It's a downward spiral and you can't fill shopping centres with nail bars and vape shops.\" Steve Hall, from Essex, said: \"I like shopping centres but they do seem to be dying and I wish some money was spent on making them good again.\" Mr Blackley, who is based at Nottingham Trent University's Nottingham Business School, pointed to research in the Financial Times that suggested about £2.5bn worth of shopping centres and retail parks are up for sale in towns and cities across the UK. Some of this marketing is unofficial and not in the public domain,\" he said. \"It's a trend that's moving very quickly. You don't necessarily want to be in the business of owning shopping centres at the moment. \"People are suggesting a number of leading national retailers are on the edge and may close and that would bring shopping centres down with them. \"The collapse of BHS, two years ago, left empty units in around 200 shopping centres and more than half of those large, empty units have not yet been filled.\" The crisis is affecting shopping centres across the UK, regardless of their location Daniel Mead from asset management firm APAM said. All kinds of shopping centres, regardless of location or whether they are in small towns or major cities, could be affected,\" he said. \"What they have in common is the way in which they are funded - the capital structure behind them. Obviously, if the centre is in a more affluent location, the problem could be easier to fix.\" One centre which recently went into receivership is the Nicholsons Shopping Centre in Maidenhead which, according to the Financial Times, was bought by Vixcroft, a private equity-backed property specialist and hedge fund Cheyne Capital in 2015. The paper described Nicholsons as \"one of the first significant collapses among dozens of UK retail property assets bought by opportunistic investors\". Centres stagnating? Residents have spoken to the BBC about their concerns regarding a number of shopping centres up and down the country, where they feel empty units and an apparent lack of investment have led to stagnation. The research to identify \"at-risk\" centres was carried out by APAM, which said it had found many of the affected centres had been the subject of short-term speculative deals. Executive director Simon Cooke said: \"We think these shopping centres have been hit with the perfect storm of defaulting retail markets, weaker consumer spending, the impact of the internet and rising rents and rates, making it very difficult for retailers to trade and make a profit. \"We perceive many of these borrowers beginning to breach land covenants.\" Mr Cooke said most of the centres \"in crisis\" were the subject of deals that are due to be refinanced. \"They have to return money to their investors,\" said Mr Cooke. \"That's not looking very likely. Frankly, the centres are either going to have to be sold at a lower price or have capital injected in order to regenerate and we don't see banks having an appetite for that.\" \"These are big tracts of land, occupying a central space in towns,\" he said. \"You could see increasing vandalism, increasing crime, with a knock-on impact on infrastructure. I'm not suggesting every town is going to face these problems but we need to stop the rot.\" \"Politicians need to come up with a plan to kick-start the regeneration of shopping centres,\" he added. A government spokesman said: \"It's true that high streets are changing, like they always have, and we're committed to helping communities adapt.\" They said the government had put together an \"expert panel\" to \"diagnose the issues affecting the high street and develop recommendations that will help them thrive\". The future of shopping centres The trend of closing shopping centres is fairly well-known in the US, where \"dead mall\" or \"ghost mall\" is the term that describes the decaying edifices left when mainstream department stores have moved out. \"Many of the challenges facing shopping centres in the UK are mirrored in the USA,\" said Mr Blackley. Centres that have prospered, he said, have been canny about expanding their offer. \"UK shopping centres must change if they are to survive,\" according to Mr Blackley. \"They need to think like a hospitality brand. There has been a marked shift to the 'experience economy', and an increase in spend on food and beverage, which is now accounting for over 20% of total spend in some of the newest schemes. \"Some of the big centres in the UK are incorporating Sea Life Centres, ice rinks, indoor ski slopes. These are the shopping centres that, in my view, will survive. \"There's no doubt that if shopping centres don't deliver an experience consumers want, they will fall by the wayside.\" Some of the other visions for the future are similarly radical. Mr Mead, head of shopping centre asset management at APAM, said community facilities such as libraries, medical centres and even schools could all sit within retail complexes. \"In Richmond, a new school is being built above a Lidl store, so it's not beyond the realm of possibility,\" he said. \"What people like about shopping centres is that they are centrally located with good transport links. The NHS has expressed interest in having a presence in some centres. With a chemist and other retailers already located there, it would be like a one-stop shop in the town centre. \"The problem is, these centres are run by investors who have a short-term approach and haven't the skill-sets or investments to embrace the kind of changes required. There needs to be a joint venture created with local communities to fix the problem.\" In recent months, some local authorities have bought unloved shopping centres from investors keen to offload them. \"In February 2018, Canterbury City Council struck one of the largest shopping centre deals involving a council on record, taking full control of Whitefriars Shopping Centre in the city,\" said Mr Blackley. \"The local authority bought out global fund manager TH Real Estate's 50% stake for £75m.\" In Shrewsbury, Shropshire Council bought three centres - including one that was neglected - to \"support economic growth and regeneration\" in the town centre. Whether such schemes will work depends on the passion and vision of the authorities concerned and whether they are able to secure private investment. In Coventry, the city council's plan to work with private investors to redevelop its post-war shopping precincts is seen as a good example of how to revive a shopping centre. \"But such investments by councils do risk public money,\" said Mr Blackley. \"In too many cases, councils are trying to plug a gap and I don't think that is sustainable long term.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Boswell & Co has been trading since 1738 and is the city's largest independent department store, fondly known for its array of toys, haberdashery and home accessories. A meeting took place earlier where its 70 employees were told they were facing redundancy. The company blamed the closure on \"adverse retail conditions\". Boswells started life as a travel goods store run by Francis Boswell in 1738. It was bought by Arthur Pearson in the 1890s, and Jonathan Pearson, his great-grandson, is one of the current directors. Mr Pearson called it a \"sad moment because it goes back a long time, but I'm more worried about the effect it's going to have on my staff than the effect it's going to have on my nostalgia\". He said it was \"extremely likely\" the store would close in 2020. 'Traditional store' He added: \"We've been under pressure for a number of years, and more recently in the last couple of years have been losing money.\" Board members decided on Monday that the only option left was to close the business. Mr Pearson said the city's new Westgate shopping centre had not been a contributing factor, saying it was more the \"nature of the business\". \"We are a traditional old store, much loved by people in Oxford, but unfortunately they're not spending in the way they used to.\" One staff member, who did not want to be named, told the BBC the announcement came as no surprise, and described the working atmosphere of late as \"too relaxed and directionless\". They added: \"I went to Boswells as a child - it was the toy shop your parents took you to as a nice treat. I have fond memories of the place. \"It's poignant because it reflects the bigger problem with the retail environment, in Oxford especially. There are so many shops going and they're not being replaced.\" Retail property consultant GCW is now working with Boswells to sell the building."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Lora JonesBusiness reporter, BBC News Non-essential retailers, such as fashion, toy and book shops, will be allowed to reopen in England on 15 June - as long as they have coronavirus-related safety measures in place. Waterstones, for example, is introducing Perspex \"sneeze screens\" and a quarantine trolley where books that have been browsed will be held for \"a couple of days\". \"We want to keep bookshop experience exactly as it normally would be,\" says Annie. \"We're still encouraging people to browse, we're just looking after those books once you've browsed them.\" Annie has been working on implementing those changes behind-the-scenes, but is also looking forward to seeing her colleagues back in-store. \"Bookshops are quite close teams... We've been messaging, but it's not quite the same as seeing colleagues in person for a chat, particularly about the books you've been reading on furlough.\" Suki, who works at a Boots beauty hall in London, also says that it's \"refreshing to come back to work, which is like my second home\". Most Boots stores have remained open during lockdown. That means that staff on the beauty counter have had the chance to trial different ways of working about a week before shoppers return to the High Street. Boots is removing all make-up testers, and assistants will wear plastic visors in its beauty halls, to try to keep both customers and staff safe. Suki acknowledges that some changes could make shopping more difficult. That there won't be testers is \"going to be a shock for a lot of us, because with beauty you often need to try things on,\" she said. \"The visor isn't the most glamorous thing in the world, but it does mean that I'm not touching my face and my make-up can stay on longer. And, safety isn't supposed to be glamorous,\" she adds. Overall, Suki feels as though she's in a safe pair of hands: \"We're all as nervous as each other, so I think as long as we all take the necessary steps, we'll be fine.\" Nervous shoppers Shoppers, though, might be feeling more anxious about their return to the High Street. More than half of UK customers expect they will now go shopping less often over the next one or two years, according to a survey of more than 1,000 people by accountancy giant EY. One trade body, the British Retail Consortium (BRC), is urging the public to \"play their part\" in making shopping safer. Along with 25 other retailers, it says customers should follow five steps: Helen Dickinson, the BRC's chief executive, said: \"Every visit we make helps support jobs in retail, as well as throughout the supply chain. Retailers have been working around the clock to create a safe shopping environment\". \"Our shopping experience may be changing, but if we all follow the necessary social distancing measures and show a little consideration to those around us, then everyone will be better off.\" Her plea was echoed by Damian McGloughlin, chief executive of Homebase. \"While the vast majority of our customers have adhered to the safety measures we have in store, in recent weeks, a small minority of shoppers are disobeying the guidelines set out and at times reacting abusively when challenged by store teams,\" he said. \"It's for this reason we're calling on members of the public to help us reverse the trend that saw cases of abusive incidents towards shop workers rise by 9% during the last year.\" How might shopping change post-lockdown? For any customers who don't want to go into a store, HMV will offer to do their shopping for them. From Monday, people can drop in a shopping list, a team member will collect it, package it up and have it waiting for the customer to pick up later. Alternatively, customers can ring their local HMV to have a product put aside for them to collect later on. The idea came from the chain's Canadian customers who have been a little bit more cautious about returning to stores as opposed to its US shoppers, says its owner Doug Putman. So what does he expect from customers in England when HMV opens 93 shops on Monday? Read more here. Many retailers in England will soon open their doors for the first time since lockdown measures were introduced in March. No dates have been set for the reopening of non-essential shops in Scotland and Wales, although each country has set out its planned stages for lifting lockdown. Those in Northern Ireland have been open since Friday. John Lewis stores in Poole and Kingston will be the first to reopen on 15 June, followed by another 11 shops later that week. Marks & Spencer will also reopen the majority of its clothing stores. Primark has also announced that it will reopen all 153 of its stores in England on Monday. Meanwhile, Debenhams will open 50 shops in England. The firm collapsed for the second time in a year in April after coronavirus ramped up the pressures facing the business. It has struck deals with landlords to keep 120 stores open. However, 17 of its stores will remain closed for good when coronavirus lockdown restrictions are lifted. It is still in discussions over a \"handful\" of others. Richard Lim, chief executive of Retail Economics, said: \"The survival of so many retailers will hinge on the success of reopening stores over the coming weeks and the pace at which consumers return.\" Mr Lim also pointed out that the \"significant shift\" towards online seen during lockdown may change shopping habits for good. \"Many of these consumers are shopping for goods online for the first time, overcoming the barriers of setting up online accounts, entering payment details and gaining trust. It is inevitable that some of these behaviours will become sticky,\" he said. Former John Lewis boss and current mayor of the West Midlands, Andy Street, told Sky News he hopes to see a permanent reform to business rates, a kind of council tax businesses pay. He is also keen on proposals for a digital sales tax for online retailers, \"making sure online companies pay a fair share,\" he said. For physical shops, a rare ray of sunshine from the lockdown could be customers wanting to visit local shops as they work from home and spend more time near their homes, he added. \"I do believe one of the things to come out of this is a concentration on local areas,\" he told Sky."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Anas Chergat, 26, was pronounced dead at the scene in Josiah Wedgwood Street, Etruria, at 02:40 BST on Friday. A murder investigation has begun but the circumstances of his death are not yet clear, police said. Mr Chergat's family said: \"We are devastated by the loss of Anas. We loved him very much and he will be missed greatly by all of his family.\" They appealed for anyone with information about his death to contact police. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, and sign up for local news updates direct to your phone."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Nicola Bray, 45, was found dead at her home on Scrivener Road in the Cliffe Vale area of the city on Thursday. Sheila Pickerill, 48, of Steel Street, Hartshill, was later arrested on suspicion of murder but has since been charged with the lesser offence. Police said it was still a murder enquiry, but did not say if it was looking for anyone else. Ms Pickerill is due to appear before magistrates at the North Staffordshire Justice Centre later. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected] Related Internet Links Staffordshire Police"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In a special session held to debate the murder on Friday, TNA’s parliamentary group leader R Sampanthan urged a panel to be appointed from SAARC and Commonwealth countries. The government however refused to entertain the request, journalist Daya Lankapura told BBC Sandeshaya (BBC Sinhala). “TNA did not ask for an international probe even when their leader A Amirthalingam was killed. Why now?” Minister of Constitutional Affairs DEW Gunasekara queried. The debate lacked the expected heated exchanges and there was no quorum in the house, Lankapura said. Abducted But the debate continued as the party leaders agreed to go ahead without the quorum. The main opposition United National Party (UNP), supporting the motion, said the government should take responsibility. “There is no peace process as the government has failed to start peace talks with LTTE. Sivaram would still be alive has there been peace,” UNP parliamentarian Rajitha Senarathne said. Sivaram was kidnapped from outside a Colombo restaurant late evening on Thursday 28 April. He was later found dead with gunshot wounds. A former Tamil militant, Sivaram became a journalist and was a senior editor of the pro-Tamil Tiger rebel news website, Tamilnet. International condemnation The murder led to international condemnation. “This audacious and brutal crime is an attack on free speech in Sri Lanka,” CPJ Executive Director Ann Cooper said in a statement. “We are profoundly saddened and angered by this coward murder,” Agnes Callamard, executive director of Article 19 told BBC Sandeshaya (BBC Sinhala). Japan and United Nations joined the international condemnation. \"This shameful crime has led to a great loss for Sri Lankan journalism and for UNESCO,” UNESCO Director General Koïchiro Matsuura said. Condemning the murder \"unreservedly”, the government said it had ordered an investigation into the killing."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Government adviser Louise Casey said some households could get daily visits as part of a scheme to target 120,000 of the most troubled families. In a report for ministers she details a picture of welfare dependency and sexual abuse going back generations. She said it was \"wrong that we allow them to carry on living this way\". The government says 120,000 \"troubled families\" in England cost taxpayers £9bn every year - and want to turn their lives around by 2015. Ms Casey insisted the evidence showed these families could change - despite mixed results from initiatives she was involved in under the previous Labour government. She told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: \"It's not about left wing, it's not about right wing, it's about doing the right thing and the right thing is... to get our sleeves rolled up nationally, locally and in these people's lives.\" 'Hugely difficult' The programme's £448m budget covers three years and only applies in England, with the government promising to pay county councils and unitary authorities up to £4,000 per eligible family to work on reducing truancy, cutting youth crime and anti-social behaviour, and encouraging parents into work. Ms Casey said the initiative would save money in the long-term as troubled families were currently \"absorbing huge amounts of resources\" - in one case £200,000 a year. She said it was \"a hugely difficult problem\" to break the \"grim\" cycle of abuse and violence that carries on \"from one generation to the next\" and social workers needed to take a more hands-on approach and focus more intensely on the lives of individual families. \"A lot of them at the moment are simply circling around the families, assessing them and prodding them, but we are not getting in... and seriously changing the families for the next generation of children,\" she told BBC News. After last year's riots in England, the government asked local authorities to identify troubled families and appointed Ms Casey - Tony Blair's former \"respect czar\" - to help devise new policies. She interviewed 16 families to compile a report about the task facing the government. Ms Casey's report says many of these families have histories of sexual abuse and welfare dependency dating back many years. She said domestic violence was often endemic and \"entrenched cycles of suffering problems and causing problems\" contaminate relationships. 'Shocking' Ms Casey's report said: \"The prevalence of child sexual and physical abuse and sometimes child rape was striking and shocking.\" She said problems such as sexual abuse, teenage pregnancies, domestic violence, juvenile delinquency and educational failure were often repeated by different generations. Ms Casey said: \"It became clear that in many of these families the abuse of children by in many cases parents, siblings, half-siblings and extended family and friends was a factor in their dysfunction. \"Some discussed it as if as it was almost expected and just a part of what they had experienced in life. Children often had not been protected by their parents.\" She said the authorities needed to understand the complex histories of these families. \"I am not making excuses for any family failing to send their kids to school or causing trouble in their community. However unless we really understand what it is about these families that means they behave in this way, we can't start to turn their lives around.\" 'Impact of austerity' Communities Secretary Eric Pickles said: \"I welcome this report as an important part of that process as it provides a real insight into these families' dysfunctional lives. \"My civil servants are not just sitting in an office in Whitehall telling local authorities what to do but seeking to gain a true understanding of the challenges they face.\" But campaigners said Ms Casey's focus was too \"narrow\". \"It is vital that we do not lay blame for this country's issues solely at the doors of parents, but look much more broadly at the huge issues affecting this country's children and their families,\" said Enver Solomon, policy director at the Children's Society. \"The impact of austerity measures, recession and some other major issues hitting children and their families hard have largely been overlooked.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Sanchia BergToday programme Some 2,018 babies were involved in such cases in 2013, compared with 802 in 2008, the University of Lancaster said. About half were taken from mothers with other children in care - one woman had 16 children removed - and a third were from women who became mothers as teens. Education Secretary Nicky Morgan said the figures were \"worrying\". Lead researcher Prof Karen Broadhurst said there had been \"a general trend towards taking more timely action\" where children could be at risk, but the number of newborns taken into care was \"disproportionately increasing\". More studies were needed to determine the reasons for the rise, she said. \"That's a key question for me. In the absence of any analysis, any research, evidence, what more could we have done to prevent this huge increase?\" 'It tore me apart' Louise, who is in her early twenties, was sexually abused from the age of seven. At 11 she ran away from home, and over the next five years, spent time in nearly 40 foster homes before going to live with a family member again. Aged 18 she became pregnant and her son was born when she was 19. \"I started leaving him with other people because whenever he cried I just wanted to pick him up and shake him - and I shouldn't have been doing that as a mum, I should have been protecting him and looking after him - but I was going out and getting drunk. \"The social services got involved because I was involved with them as a child. I didn't have family support. I didn't have nobody. I asked them for help but obviously it resulted in me losing my child.\" Shortly afterwards, she became pregnant again and was \"over the moon\" but she had her son taken away from her again by social workers. \"It tore me apart,\" she said. \"I just kept crying and crying. Even now - it doesn't get any easier...\" Louise is now part of the Pause project in Doncaster, a scheme which helps women break the cycle of court proceedings and further pregnancies. She said she was now planning to get a career and be more settled before having children again. The figures, compiled for the first time using original family court records, showed a total of 13,248 babies were taken into care between 2007 and 2014 at birth or shortly after. In 2008, of 672,809 live births in England recorded by the Office for National Statistics, 0.1% of babies entered the care system. The proportion had increased to 0.3% in 2013 - out of a total of 664,517 births. Most babies would have been taken into care at hospital, the report said, and about 10% of those removed at birth will be returned to their mothers at the end of care proceedings. Some may be looked after by other family members, while others may go into foster care or be placed for adoption. Prof Broadhurst said: \"Some mothers are caught in a destructive cycle: their child's taken into care, because of neglect or abuse, they quickly become pregnant again without changing their outlook or circumstances.\" She added: \"As you have more babies removed, the desire to replace the lost baby becomes stronger.\" The Department for Education said it was aware of the problem and had given extra funding to projects such as Pause, and the family drug and alcohol court, which try to help women who have had successive children taken into care. When can children be taken into care? If a council has serious worries about a child, it can apply to the court for permission to take action to protect them. Care proceedings can begin only once a child is born, but in some circumstances the local authority may begin assessing the situation while a woman is pregnant. Children can be taken into care when they are suffering, or are likely to suffer, serious harm, for example: Cafcass, an independent body which represents children in family court cases, will usually become involved to check the local authority's plans are in the child's best interests. But Karen Goodman, from the British Association of Social Workers, said mothers whose children were removed often missed out on the drug and alcohol addiction treatment, mental health support and other care that could prevent them getting pregnant again. She said the women \"might not meet the eligibility criteria\" for help at a time when budgets had been cut. \"You can't get away from the situation local authorities find themselves in,\" she told BBC Radio 4's Today programme. 'Cycle of failure' \"We do know that all the services are under a great financial strain and resources are an issue.\" Education Secretary Nicky Morgan told the BBC more work was needed to prevent \"a cycle of failure\". \"Where children who have been in the care system, who have been let down, who haven't achieved well at school, for example, and who then often will not be able to provide that stable parenting for their own children... \"It is worrying, today's numbers, and it shows I think exactly why we're right to be focusing on this.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Victoria PrestBBC Local News Partnerships Church Action on Poverty said the amount of Local Welfare Assistance cash has slumped from £172m to £46m since 2013. It has ended completely in more than 20 of 153 areas surveyed. Only two councils - Islington and North Tyneside - have increased funding. Similar research by the Children's Society claims the number of people getting crisis support has fallen 75 per cent since 2013. It estimates more than a quarter of almost 100,000 applications turned down last year were from families with children. Local Welfare Assistance Schemes (LWAS) replaced the national Social Fund in 2013, with responsibility for distributing cash passing to English local councils. The government stopped providing a ring-fenced grant for the schemes in 2015. Both Scotland and Wales still run national social funds, with the Scottish Welfare Fund (SWF) distributing grants of almost £165m between April 2013 and March 2018. Niall Cooper, director of Church Action on Poverty, said: \"A compassionate society ensures people can access help in times of crisis. \"That's what the Social Fund was there for; to help people stay afloat in turbulent times. \"The lifeline has been allowed to disintegrate, meaning people in sudden need are swept deeper into poverty.\" Local welfare schemes are aimed at people in short-term crisis - offering support at times such as a sudden bereavement, a broken boiler, or having to move out of a rented home. Devon County Council passed £1.4m on to its eight district authorities in 2013-14, but by 2016 five had cut their support. Among them was South Hams District Council, which said it closed the scheme when funding ran out. Janie Moor, the chief officer of Citizens Advice for South Hams, said the focus was now \"keeping a roof over someone's head\" through alternative funding schemes such as Discretionary Housing Payments and council tax payments. One CAB advisor with 15 years of experience in South Hams said losing the LWAS has caused \"a lot of problems\". She added: \"A lump sum was allocated at the beginning of the [financial] year so we knew that if we made an application for a client in April or May we had a good chance of getting something, but if it was in February the money would have run out.\" \"You were always expected to get second-hand stuff, but it was better than nothing.\" In response, senior councillor Hilary Bastone said: \"We continue to do our best to help wherever we can, within our limited budget.\" Charity research Church Action on Poverty questioned 163 councils in 2018, receiving responses from 153. It found more than 20 English councils had closed their funds, including Bexley, Bournemouth, Haringey, Hillingdon, North East Lincolnshire, Stoke-on-Trent, Oxfordshire, Nottinghamshire, North Lincolnshire and Nottingham. In Greenwich, the Local Democracy Reporting Service revealed a plan to scrap the scheme was reversed last month when councillors decided to use higher-than-expected business rate income to maintain the fund. Only Islington and North Tyneside are believed to have increased the level of funding since 2013. Church Action on Poverty is now calling on councils to maintain or strengthen their crisis support, while also asking for new laws to force authorities to provide grants, loans and in-kind help when people need it. In Lincolnshire, where LWAS support ran dry in December 2016, the county council said support had continued in other ways. Sue Woolley, executive councillor for community engagement, said: \"This year, as well as providing £278,000 in core funding for the Citizen's Advice service, we have provided one-off additional funding of £53,000 to provide additional support relating to welfare reform, including Universal Credit.\" But Simon Hoare, chief executive of Lincoln's Acts Trust, a charity that runs a furniture project and offers financial advice, said even though charities and local groups tried to meet the basic needs such as food and furniture there were still gaps in support. He said: \"The issue hasn't gone away. People don't suddenly no longer need crisis support.\" Local Government Minister Rishi Sunak MP said: \"Local authorities are democratically-elected, independent bodies that are responsible for setting their own budgets and managing their resources in line with local priorities, which can include Local Welfare Provision Schemes.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Sheryll Murray, MP for South East Cornwall, said many parents working in tourism could not take holidays outside of term times because of work. Premium pricing of family travel in school holidays made going away \"unaffordable\", she said. Schools Minister David Laws said all schools would be able to control term times from 2015. Ms Murray asked Mr Laws in the House of Commons: \"What can be done to help these small business owners taking holidays with their families without fearing punishment or hurting their children's education?\" Mr Laws said: \"Last year about a third of all children in Cornwall's primary schools missed school for a term-time holiday, a figure higher than the national figure for primary schools, which is about 20%. \"That is clearly not acceptable.\" He said the changes \"might give schools in her area greater flexibility to make a judgment about when to have their holidays and about what the right time might be for them\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Prof Sally Holland said they were particularly at risk of being let down when there were changes to their travel arrangements. One parent of a teenager with ADHD and autism said he became depressed after his transport was changed by a council. Ministers say they are committed to getting all children to school safely. Prof Holland urged the Welsh Government to review its 11-year-old learner travel measure, adding that the current situation was \"not good enough\". She said she had come across several cases in recent years illustrating the \"profound effect\" of insufficient transport for children. The commissioner said as well as changes in routine leading to stress, the children often ended up with transport that didn't meet their needs. Jane Owen's son Jesse, 13, has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and oppositional defiance disorder. She said his needs were not considered when the local council changed school transport arrangements. \"He became depressed and refused to go to school,\" she said. \"It impacted negatively on his behaviour, which after many months of hard work, had stabilised and improved. He became socially withdrawn and there were times when he wouldn't sleep at all...which resulted in his missing school. \"It was extremely frustrating and stressful.\" Ms Owen said communication was a huge issue and changes in routine could affect behaviour. \"Letters advising parents of their child's transport provider are sent out a few days before the start of term which gives no time to prepare a child for change,\" she added. Prof Holland addressed the transport issue in her annual report. Her 145-page review of the last year, also calls for: By 2021, individual learning plans for children and young people up to 25 with additional learning needs, like autism, Asperger's syndrome and ADHD are set to be introduced. Prof Holland said the new law in theory should provide additional learning opportunities but young people needed to be able to travel to access them. The annual report however does praise milestone achievements, including the first youth parliament at the Senedd and the abolition of the defence of reasonable punishment, or \"smacking ban\". The Welsh Government said it was committed to ensuring learners could travel to education providers safely and that it recognised there were additional challenges in the transport of some pupils with additional learning needs. \"This includes travelling further, travelling on an individual basis or in small groups, or requiring companions to assist them in their journey,\" said a spokesman. \"The learner travel measure sets out the duties to provide safe transport provision for learners, and the Additional Learning Needs Act and the Social Services and Wellbeing Act provide the legislative background to improve outcomes for people with additional learning needs.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Tom EdwardsTransport correspondent, London@BBCTomEdwardson Twitter I recently visited Lavender Primary School in Enfield in north London, where teachers in hi-vis jackets set up barriers to stop cars and vans travelling through the road. Compared to the usually hectic drop off, it is now a calm and pleasant environment. Kids scoot, cycle and walk up to the school gates. These are 'School Streets' and seem to be a less controversial scheme compared to the more contentious Low Traffic Neighbourhoods (LTNs). Although some of the time they are used in conjunction together. Modal shift And its popularity is growing across London. I remember seeing the first one in Camden in 2017. New funding means they have increased dramatically. Another 430 have been planned in the city at a cost of £4.08m. Of those, 127 schemes have been set up - costing about £10,000 each. So what do they do? They reduce pollution around schools and increase road safety. Teachers say within one week of the scheme beginning, they have seen an increase in schoolchildren walking to school. It seems the scheme is a good way to get what transport planners call \"modal shift\" - when people switch transport modes. They also embody a subtle shift in attitude towards cars. The programme sends out the message that it is not acceptable to drive your child to school. Enfield councillor Ian Barners told me he has had very few complaints about the streets around schools. Who can argue about providing a clean, safe environment for schoolchildren and getting them to walk to school? However, despite LTNs having many supporters, they also have some opponents. 'Moral high ground' LTNs really try and get people to change habits through making driving inconvenient as well as making the alternative - walking and cycling - more attractive. Many who live in LTNs love them. Others do not and think driving through residential areas is acceptable. What \"School Streets\" have - which LTNs do not - is the moral high ground. Schoolchildren should not be subjected to dangerous polluted roads. To seriously change the mindset and encourage active travel School Streets seems a very easy win."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The video-sharing site was criticised after it left the singer's videos online, despite him pleading guilty to charges in court. Other social networks were quick to remove his content but YouTube had decided not to act. It has now deleted the 26-year-old musician's channel. Custody call Jones was arrested in 2017 and charged with possession of indecent images of children. He had gained more than half a million subscribers on YouTube uploading cover versions of hit songs. But he was accused of exchanging sexually explicit images and videos with underage girls between 2010 and 2017. Court documents said he had conversations with six different 14 and 15-year-old girls. In one conversation, he is said to have told one of the teenagers that she needed to prove that she was \"his biggest fan\" by sending him videos of herself. He also asked young fans to record videos of themselves dancing sexually. Videos of Jones demonstrating how to \"twerk\" were exposed online. He pleaded guilty to the charges on 1 February and will be sentenced in May. Prosecutors asked for him to be taken immediately into custody, but the judge allowed him to remain free on bail so he can go for psychiatric counselling. YouTube said it took claims of sexual misconduct seriously. It also said it did remove content when a person was convicted of a crime \"in some cases\", particularly if the videos were related to the crime committed. The video-sharing site stopped Jones earning advertising revenue from his videos in 2017, when he was arrested."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Robinson had broken the site's advertising rules, said YouTube, adding that his channel covered \"controversial issues and sensitive events\". The decision means the channel, which has 270,000 subscribers, will not earn revenue when people watch the videos. Mr Robinson denied they contained any \"hateful\" content and said he was the victim of \"continued censorship\". 'Derogatory and disparaging' The video most recently posted to the channel shows Mr Robinson, whose real name is Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, punching a migrant on an Italian street and includes references to a \"rape jihad phenomenon\". YouTube said it believed in freedom of expression but also had a duty to protect viewers from \"derogatory and disparaging\" content. The decision comes a day after YouTube removed adverts for anti-Islamic group Britain First from its site, saying they breached its advertising rules prohibiting \"hatred, intolerance or discrimination\". A Britain First representative said: \"Britain First is at present suing Facebook in Belfast for political discrimination. Once that case is resolved, in February, we will launch proceedings against YouTube for their politically motivated censorship.\" 'Coffers plump' Campaign group Hope Not Hate said social media companies had been \"too slow\" when responding to reports of hate speech. \"Lennon and others in the far right are utterly reliant on social media and crowdfunding platforms to keep their coffers plump,\" it said. In November, PayPal announced it would no longer process payments for Mr Robinson, saying he had broken its policy on acceptable use. In May, Mr Robinson, 35, was jailed for contempt of court. The 13-month sentence sparked a series of #freetommy protests. The conviction was later quashed after procedural concerns. The case has now been referred to the attorney general. In March 2018, Mr Robinson was banned from Twitter. It is understood that his account was suspended for breaking its \"hateful conduct policy\"."
]
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Claire BatesBBC News Magazine Jeremy Vine was cycling home down a narrow road last Friday when he was tailgated by an impatient driver who jumped out of her car, shouted at him and appeared to kick his bike. Later she threatened to \"knock [Vine] out\" and warned: \"I could be done for murder.\" Like many other cyclists who've experienced similar treatment, Vine had filmed the incident and posted footage on Facebook, as well as passing it on to police. Cycle cameras were first sold as accessories for recreational riders to allow them to edit and create films of their journeys. One of the first was the GoPro video camera, which launched in 2006. But it soon became apparent they were useful for recording collisions. Cyclists began posting near-misses and other dangerous driving on video-sharing websites like YouTube. The roads can be dangerous places for cyclists, who are particularly vulnerable to injury. In 2014, 21,287 cyclists were injured in reported road accidents, according to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). This included 3,514 who were killed or seriously injured. There aren't any statistics showing if helmet cameras have made the roads any safer for cyclists. However, motoring journalist Quentin Willson thinks the more cameras - including dashboard cameras in cars - there are on the roads the better, because they are more likely to deter bad behaviour. \"I think cars should have dashcams and cyclist should have headcams. If drivers and cyclists are driving properly, then neither should have a problem with being filmed,\" he says. Conventional methods enforcing road safety aren't working, Willson says. He'd like to see insurance companies offering discounts to drivers with dashboard cameras to help tackle problems caused by a \"motoring underclass\" of bad and often uninsured drivers: \"They may be angry being filmed but anything that brings them to book is good, I think.\" Footage of road rage attacks on cyclists has a habit of going viral. A driver caught on camera verbally abusing a cyclist in south London last year suffered a torrent of abuse online after the footage was shared on social media. But there are concerns that as well as inflaming confrontations, such footage may also be fuelling a motorist vs cyclist mentality. In 2014, The Daily Telegraph's Andrew Critchlow warned that \"self-appointed digital road vigilantes\" were doing more harm than good. Comment boards under road rage videos often descend into a war of words between motorist and cyclists, each accusing the other of unsafe road use. Facebook comments under Jeremy Vine's video are also mixed. Michael Hutchinson, former Commonwealth Games cyclist and columnist for Cycling Weekly, is sceptical about the effectiveness of cycle and dashboard cameras. \"I don't think, day-to-day, it makes a difference to safety on the roads. I think cameras aren't that common at the moment and so people who are reacting on the roads, like in the Jeremy Vine case, probably don't stop to consider if they are being filmed before taking action,\" Hutchinson says. \"In these incidents I suspect the perpetrators aren't rationally thinking their behaviour through.\" Hutchinson does think that they can play an important part after a road rage attack has taken place, however: \"One problem cyclists often have is when they report an incident to police, they are told 'prove it', and helmet camera provides some evidence. It also helps with insurance providers if it's one person's word against another.\" Today, both helmetcam and dashcam footage are increasingly used as evidence in both civil and criminal courts, according to personal injury solicitors Claims Action. They play the same role as CCTV footage. According to the company's website, in order to admit a video recording from a helmet camera as evidence, it must be downloaded onto a CD and be accompanied by a certificate countersigned by a solicitor stating that it has not been altered. However, while road rage incidents may generate clicks and shares, this kind of assault doesn't appear to be the biggest danger facing cyclists. According to RoSPA figures for 2013, \"failing to look properly\" was the highest known contributory factor to an accident involving at least one cyclist and another vehicle. Their records showed that one third of the 9,375 incidents were caused by cyclists while two thirds were caused by drivers of other vehicles. And while the presence of a camera might conceivably make a motorist think twice about launching a road rage attack, it's less clear whether it will encourage drivers and cyclists alike to pay attention to the road. Follow @BBCNewsMagazine on Twitter and on Facebook"
]
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"We're looking for more people to share what they spend their money on. If you're interested, please email [email protected] or get in touch via our My Money (UK) Facebook group, or, if you don't live in the UK, please join our My Money (World) Facebook group and we'll aim to contact you. Caroline is 33 and works in higher education. She lives on a narrowboat, which she bought three years ago with an unsecured personal loan, which she repays at £705.42 per month. The boat is moored on a permanent residential mooring, for which Caroline pays £257.44 per month in mooring and boat licence fees. In her spare time, when she's not doing \"boat jobs\" she runs a Guides unit in her village, and enjoys cooking Greek food. Over to Caroline. Caroline's week: A nervous wait for an MOT result, and a comforting mug of hot chocolate It's a grey, drizzly day, and the fire went out overnight. In the winter I tread a fine line between keeping the boat at a comfortable temperature, and inadvertently draining the batteries by running the heating pump continuously. A gravity-fed heating system which doesn't use an electric-powered pump would be more efficient but the upfront cost is beyond my budget at the moment. People assume that living on a boat is cheaper than living in a house, but it's not - you just spend your money in a different way. Ask a boater what \"boat\" stands for and they'll tell you 'bring out another thousand'. And then they'll laugh, and probably weep a bit too. Oxford is a cycling city (true according to sheer numbers, arguably untrue based on the lack of cycling infrastructure). I cycle to work every day so my commute is free. I'm nearly out of contact lens solution, so I re-order three months' supply online (£17.00) through Amazon Smile, which ensures a donation goes to the RSPCA. I also re-order three months' worth of contact lenses (£35.77). The weather is so grim that I cycle straight home and batten down the hatches. My solar panel hasn't generated much power today, so I run the generator for a few hours to boost the batteries. I need more efficient solar panels, as they will significantly offset my expenditure on petrol for the generator, and diesel for the boat engine (around £8 per week in total), but my current top priority is ordering coal for the winter. Usually I buy enough for a month at a time, but this winter there will be a stoppage (canal closure) at a bridge just north of my mooring, meaning that Dusty the fuel boat will be unable to get through for three months. Ordering three months' worth of fuel in advance is a pricey business, and will set me back around £400-500 on top of my usual monthly bills. So, no new solar panels just yet. Total spend: £52.77 Morale is low at work today, so I buy hot chocolates for me and a colleague (£3.40). After work I drop my car off at the garage for its MOT and say a silent prayer. The car is a 2003 Vauxhall Corsa which I bought two years ago from a colleague of my stepmother's and paid for in instalments. Owning a car is probably as close as I get to \"a luxury\", but it improves my life immeasurably. It helps me stay connected to friends and family, and has brought down my food costs significantly, by enabling me to do my food shopping at the big out-of-city supermarkets. I spend around £30 a week on food. I plan my meals, and always take my own lunch to work. I lived and worked in Greece for a few years, so I love cooking Greek food. A lot of Greek cuisine is inherently cheap (and tasty!). I make this lentil dish regularly, which is based on a type of lentil soup (fakēs). On Tuesday nights I run a Guides unit in my village. I was really pleased to see that Girlguiding included financial literacy as part of the \"skills for my future\" theme, running across all ages in their revamped programme, which launched a year ago. Tonight though we have a rather soggy and chaotic game of Capture the Flag on the village green. Total spend: £3.40 D-day. Will my car make it through the MOT? The mechanic calls me mid-morning with the welcome news that, aside from a pair of new tyres and a recommended oil-and-filter change, the car is fine. I pay £296.85, transferring money out of my (very tiny) savings pot. I will put the money back in at the end of the month once I'm paid. Today I also receive a notification that my monthly Geocaching (an outdoor treasure-hunting game) subscription has been paid (£4.63). On the way home I stop at the post office to return my high-viz cycling jacket to the supplier, as the zip has broken. It's under warranty so the repair or replacement is free, but the postage costs me £8.70. Total spend: £310.18 I have a meeting with a colleague today, but as all the meeting rooms in the building are booked we go to the university cafe next door and I buy the coffees (£3.30), which I'll claim back as work-related expenditure. Our office doesn't operate a petty cash system, so all expenses have to be incurred personally and then claimed back, which I think assumes too much about the financial situations of its employees. Two years ago I acquired a £4,000 overdraft debt overnight (due to the Canal and River Trust omitting the VAT on my mooring fees and threatening me with a CCJ [county court judgement] unless I paid the VAT bill in full immediately) and I have been in the debt trap ever since. I recently consolidated my bank loan and overdraft, and my credit rating plummeted as a result. I have been using my credit card for the last year or so with great diligence in an attempt to improve my credit score. I never put more on it than I know I can afford, and I always clear the balance at the end of every month. Nonetheless, the interest rate went up when my credit rating went down, which is incredibly disheartening. The poverty premium is very real, and can affect anyone, no matter how \"middle-class\" they may seem. Debt - and its impact on a person's mental health - is still a taboo subject. During the six-month process of consolidating my debts, I was very grateful for the support of a good friend who advises the Money and Mental Health Policy Institute. I am now part of MMHPI's research community, offering \"lived experience\" expertise and input to their work. Total spend: £3.30 Dusty the fuel boat will be out for delivery next week, so I place an order via text for 15 bags of coal, two bags of kindling, and a bottle of gas, which in total will set me back £231. My fuel costs are - unsurprisingly - weighted heavily towards the winter months, and every year I tell myself I'll set aside money during the summer. But I never seem to have enough disposable income to do it. In the winter I burn around 50-60kg (£25-£30 worth) of smokeless fuel a week. A bottle of gas (£33) will last three months. I burn wood for heating too - it's useful to raise the temperature of the boat quickly, but it's not possible to keep the stove going overnight using just wood. Keeping warm isn't just a consideration of comfort - it also prevents damp and condensation, which would otherwise damage the fabric of the boat. My neighbour has invited me for dinner this evening. On the way I stop at Sainsbury's to buy food shopping for next week (£34.34, including wine and chocolate for my hosts tonight and tomorrow) and to fill the car with petrol (£32.02, including a five-litre jerrycan for my generator). Total spend: £66.36 I'm off to London to see my best friend. We haven't seen each other in five months, so we have a lot to catch up on! I would usually get the train to London, but there are engineering works this weekend and I don't fancy a three-hour schlep from Oxford to Upton Park, so I drive. In the afternoon we go for a long walk along the Greenway footpath in east London, then catch the bus back to her home (£1.50). Total spend: £1.50 I am greeted on my arrival back in Oxford by a large pile of firewood outside my boat. In a bid to economise, five of us have pitched in for delivery of a tonne of wood, which my amazing neighbours have - in my absence - already distributed to all the boats. My share costs £14, but I also promise to buy the log-movers a drink at next month's boaters' drinks at our local pub. I spend the afternoon dutifully carrying out my weekly \"boat jobs\" - filling the water tank, stacking the log store, emptying the toilet, sweeping out the stove, pumping out the engine bay, and tightening the stern gland. Oh the glamour of it all! I also harvest the last of my tomatoes and peas, grown by our community-run gardening project in raised beds on the towpath, and make tomato and basil soup for dinner. Total spend: £14 How does Caroline feel about her week? With the exception of my MOT, it was a pretty typical week - there were no great surprises! It's encouraging to see that, as I suspected, my outgoings are on the essentials I need to stay warm, dry and fed. Unless I get rid of my car, I can't see how I'd pare back this week's spending. I think I am a long way off from having sufficient disposable income to build up any substantial savings. Maybe some better solar panels are in reach, though! Total weekly spend: £451.51"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ned is 31 and lives in Dereham, 15 miles outside of Norwich in Norfolk. He works for an audio visual company as a purchaser. His wife, Cara, is a part-time beautician, splitting her time between work and looking after their two-year old son, Theo. During the pandemic Ned was able to work from home for 10 weeks before returning to the office. He says he has always had an interest in personal finance and does his best to achieve a balance between spending money wisely and saving. At the start of the year he chose to build up an emergency fund and says he is so glad he did. Each month he pays his savings account first, leaving just enough money for bills and essentials. This way he is able to save as much as possible and says it's a great feeling seeing his savings grow. Over to Ned... This week is slightly different as I have a week off work - so my spending will be different to normal. It is also the week where most of our bills come out. Cara and I put £650 each into our joint account where all our bills are paid from. Our mortgage for our three bedroom link-detached house is £670, council tax is £134, £50 direct debit for electricity, £34 for water and £11 for health insurance for the three of us. This comes to £900 but covers everything bar food and phone/internet. Sometimes it can be daunting seeing so much money leave all in one day but I like it coming out at the start of the month, so I know what we have left. Today was the day that we decided Theo's hair had got long enough so needed a cut. We do try and take him to the hairdressers but after last time (total nightmare) we decided to do it at home. His reward was a toy from the toy shop, £14.99 and a couple of hours at soft play, £4.95. Cara and I had a hot chocolate each which came to £5. I also picked up a prescription which cost me £9.15 and will last a month. Total spend for the day was £900 on bills and £34.09 for bribes, drinks and medication. Total spend: £934.09 My Money More blogs from the BBC's My Money Series: We're looking for more people to share what they spend their money on. If you're interested, please email [email protected] or get in touch via our My Money (World) Facebook group, or if you live in the UK, please join our My Money (UK) Facebook group and we'll aim to contact you. Theo was at nursery today so Cara and I had a rare day to ourselves. We decided to go to Norwich for afternoon tea to celebrate our birthdays and wedding anniversary which wasn't possible during lockdown. This came to £45 but after using a discount card we got 10% off so it came down to £40.50. We then found a few things for Theo's birthday and Christmas presents. Even though this seems like a long time away (November and December) we like to spread the cost over as many months as possible. After multiple visits to toy shops the total damage was £17.95. Cara and Theo do lots of crafts at home too so we bought a few bits for Halloween and Christmas which came to £11. We then bought new wallpaper for Theo's bedroom which came to £25, and a couple of candles which were £2. Car parking was £6. I would have loved to have spent money on clothes today but I'm really trying hard to not spend any money where it's not totally necessary. I have plenty of clothes at home so I remind myself that saving is my top priority right now. Total spend: £102.45 It seems more like a holiday for Theo as today we are off to his favourite place, a dinosaur park which has a great soft play area. We previously bought an annual pass for the three of us which gives us access 10 times a year for £60 each and so brings the cost down to £6 each per visit. This would have normally been £15 each in the summer and £10 each in the winter so we feel it is completely worth it. This will keep Theo happy for a good three hours or so and is great to get us all outside and walking in the fresh air. We would normally take our own lunch but seeing as we are on holiday we decided to buy a very overpriced sandwich, crisps and drink for both Cara and I which came to £12.90. We did however bring Theo's lunch with us so that helps. Overall a day of very little spending. Total spend: £12.90 Thursday was a day in bed for me as I seemed to have caught a stomach bug. No spending for me. Cara decided to do the weekly food shop. We do our main shop in Aldi and then go to Tesco for anything we couldn't get. We used to always do our whole shop in Tesco but found that Aldi was just as good and is cheaper for the basics. Our Aldi shop came to £41.51 and the Tesco shop came to £45.43 (£86.94 in total). Seems we got it the wrong way round this week as the Tesco shop came to more than the Aldi shop. Most likely as Cara decided to get some \"special\" food for our week off. As a side note, this shop also includes everything else you'd expect to get from the supermarket like toiletries etc. This shop will last us all week and we try to stick to £80 a week (£320 a month) where possible. Sometimes this figure will include non food items, for example clothes for Theo or presents for birthdays etc. We have always thought our food bill is high but when trying to eat healthier, food is more expensive, which seems counter productive! A price we are willing to pay. We also use our club card in Tesco which gives us a little back. Every little helps as they say. Total spend: £86.94 Still feeling pretty awful today but decide I need some fresh air to try and make me feel better. We head off to the coast for a walk along the sea front and some time in the arcades. Cara and Theo have fish and chips which comes to £8. After, we go to the arcade and turn a £10 note into more 2p coins than Theo knows what to do with. Worth every penny though as he has a great time and even wins a prize. You can't put a price on your child's happiness. We then go to the play area which is a great way to keep Theo entertained for half an hour and doesn't cost a thing. We try to take him to parks as often as possible as he has just as much fun as say, soft play, but it is free - win win. Car parking comes to £3. Total spend: £21 Urgh, this stomach bug doesn't seem to want to go away. A shame as this morning we had planned to go out for breakfast but food still makes me feel ill so that will have to wait for another weekend. As something to do we jump in the car and head off to Spalding outlet village. I need to fill my car up with fuel and this comes to £58.70. I can't really complain as my car does about 50-55 mpg and this tank should last at least two weeks. I will always budget £120 a month for fuel but the odd month it works out I only need to fill up once. At the fuel station we grab some food for lunch and this totals £8.60. Again, something we wouldn't normally do but as we are off work, convenience is allowed. We end up not buying anything at the shopping village which seems to make the whole trip a little pointless but it was more as something to do and get us out of the house. Again, I could have spent lots of money on clothes but I'm strict with myself and walk away. Go me. Car parking is only £1. Super cheap. Total spend: £68.30 Today we go swimming! We don't go to our local leisure centre but instead opt for a small local pool at a Caravan Club. This is £12 for an hour and we have the whole pool to ourselves. It actually works out cheaper than going to a leisure centre and supports local businesses which we try and do where possible. It's our last night before we are back to work tomorrow so again we opt for an easy meal in the evening. I pop to Tesco to pick up a meal deal which comes to £10. Lasagne, chunky chips and chocolate orange mousse. The bottle of white wine which also comes as part of the deal can stay in the fridge for another night. Still not quite ready for alcohol yet. Total spend: £22 Total spent this week: £1,247.68 How does Ned feel about his week? As I said before, this week has been a little different due to a week off work and also bills week but I'm still happy with how we have spent our money. Most of this spending is split between myself and Cara so only really half of it leaves my personal account. I've only actually spent £67.85 this week in total after bills (£9.15 for prescription and £58.70 for fuel) so can't really complain. As always I've thought about each potential purchase and made myself walk away with the priority being my savings. Once I reach three months of money saved up, I plan to start saving for my next car which I hope to not have to buy for at least another 18 months, two years. I'd also like to have some spare money to take the family away on a little break to try and get away from all the Covid news which fills our lives these days. You'll agree that a lot, if not most, of our spending is on our son, Theo. I suppose I don't mind this at all as this is the reason I go to work each day, to be able to provide for my family and also treat Theo when possible."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Love Island presenter and the former Apprentice and Celebrity Big Brother contestant had been dating since January, before revealing their engagement in April. Caroline said she was \"sad\" that she and Andrew had \"decided to part ways\". \"Unfortunately it was not to be. I wish him all the best. At least there's a villa waiting for me. It's back to the ol' grafting',\" she added. Andrew posted a similar message to his Instagram. Caroline appeared to respond, posting a crying emoji to her Twitter page. The former X Factor presenter announced the engagement on her Instagram a few months ago, in a post that since appears to have been deleted. At the time the post received a lot of positive responses, although Caroline did have to defend her fiance from some criticism. She called out the \"weirdos\" that were \"taking time to write mean comments\" about people they didn't know. Fans have been offering the 38-year-old support on social media. They also haven't missed the opportunity to make a Love Island joke. Earlier this month Caroline wrote an open letter to Andrew in Cosmopolitan. \"People talk about meeting someone and feeling as though you've known them your whole life. That's what it felt like when I met you,\" she wrote. \"My life was complete before you came into it - a man doesn't complete your life. \"But I wanted to make room in it for you. I look at you and I think, 'Yes, Andrew, you're the one I've been waiting for'.\" Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The deal clears the way for Horizon Nuclear Power to submit initial proposals for a new power station at Wylfa on Anglesey. Horizon's owner Hitachi wants to build new Advanced Boiling Water Reactors (ABWRs) in the UK, including at Wylfa. ABWR plants are in operation at four sites in Japan, but have yet to be approved in Britain. The agreement between the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) and Horizon will be seen as one of the first concrete milestones on the long road to building a new nuclear plant on Anglesey, and at Oldbury in Gloucestershire. It signals the start of the technical process known as the generic assessment design (GDA), which makes a detailed examination of all aspects surrounding nuclear reactors. The review of the designs and final licensing could take several years. The last new reactor design to be agreed was in December last year for energy firms EDF and Areva, for sites at Hinkley Point, Somerset, and Sizewell at Suffolk. The process to approve those designs took five years, costing an estimated £35m. 'Key early step' The new deal signed off by the ONR and Horizon-Hitachi ensures that the nuclear developers will foot the entire bill for putting the new ABWR designs under the microscope. But the bill for assessing the reactor designs is seen as a tiny proportion of what could be an £8bn project for Anglesey. Horizon's chief operating officer, Alan Raymant said: \"Now that the assessment agreements are in place, Hitachi-GE will be able to begin a meaningful preparatory process for their first major submissions to the regulator later this year.\" \"GDA is a long term and rigorous process, which will ultimately determine whether the regulators will consider the ABWR suitable for construction in the UK.\" Ken Sato, the general manager for licensing at Hitachi Europe, added: \"We are very pleased to have made such swift progress over the recent months. \"This is a key early step and we look forward to the development of between four and six ABWR reactors in the UK.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"EDF Energy wants to build two nuclear reactors at Hinkley Point in Somerset. West Somerset Council had requested more information from the energy company on environmental issues such as transport, air quality and noise. The council said the original deadline of 20 May had been extended to 31 May following requests from people wanting more time to look at the new plans. Andrew Goodchild, the Conservative-run council's planning manager, said: \"It is a major application that will undoubtedly affect local people's lives and key transport corridors if it is approved. \"We have listened to people's concerns and we consider their requests for more time to be justified.\" Initially the deadline for the public consultation was 12 January. This was then extended until 31 January so that people could have more time to look at the \"complex information\". The consultation was reopened earlier this month after EDF Energy provided extra information to the council. Currently there is one nuclear power station, Hinkley Point B, on the site. Hinkley Point A was decommissioned in 2000. The information can be seen on the council's website and at the authority's headquarters in Williton."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"But developers Hadleigh Industrial Estates said they still wanted to bring a manufacturer on board. They have also applied to build 134 homes as part of a £20m project. Director Richard Lanyon said: \"The plans, as submitted, remain the only viable option - without the mix of uses we've identified, it'll remain empty.\" The old Hotpoint washing machine factory, which once employed 1,000 people, closed in 2009 with 300 job losses. In June this year the prospect of a deal with Reflex & Allen to create an \"automotive industrial park\" was floated. The car components firm has a plant on Kinmel Park in Bodelwyddan, on the other side of the A55, where it manufactures pneumatic and hydraulic tubing. In addition to refurbishing the old Hotpoint site, the development also included new factory units, training centre and regional ambulance centre. Mr Lanyon said the collapse of the deal showed the fine tuning of the funding arrangements. He said: \"Nobody has fallen out with anybody. \"Reflex & Allen were faced with a situation where they had to vary the terms at the last minute before signing. 'Key strategic site' \"We've always said that the economics of the deal were finely balanced and this rather frustratingly proves the point. \"Any variation to the funding, whether in terms of the price for the refurbished factory or the housing, make the scheme unviable.\" Mr Lanyon said £20m would still be invested in the site if the planning permission is granted. He estimated the site could provide up to 400 jobs. \"This is a key strategic site for manufacturing in Wales and we're hopeful of full support from Denbighshire's planning committee in September so that we can continue to pursue a manufacturing tenant for the factory.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"She will be the first UK prime minister and female politician to attend the six-nation Gulf Co-operation Council. Mrs May said some would argue the UK should not seek to strengthen ties with the states because of their controversial human rights records. \"But we don't uphold our values and human rights by turning our back on this issue,\" she insisted. The prime minister will attend a dinner with the leaders of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman on Tuesday evening, before addressing the plenary session on Wednesday morning. She will announce a space technology tie-up with Abu Dhabi and a new multiple five-year visa entry system for UK firms doing business in Saudi Arabia. \"There is so much we can do together - whether it is helping one another to prevent terrorist attacks, Gulf investment regenerating cities across the UK or British businesses helping Gulf countries to achieve their long-term vision of reform,\" Mrs May said. \"So I hope my visit will herald the start of a new chapter in relations between the United Kingdom and the Gulf.\" 'Force for good' During a series of bilateral meetings, Downing Street said it expected the situations in Syria and Yemen and relations with Iran to be discussed. Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson said on Sunday he had repeatedly expressed concerns to his Saudi Arabian counterpart about its involvement in the Yemeni civil war amid allegations that civilians had been targeted during bombing campaigns against Houthi rebels fighting the government. But he said he did not believe a \"threshold has been crossed\" requiring the suspension of British arms sales to Saudi Arabia. Mrs May will meet young people in Bahrain to discuss progress on political and social reforms since the widespread unrest in the Gulf nation in 2011, which prompted a much-criticised crackdown by the authorities. \"No doubt there will be some people in the UK who say we shouldn't seek stronger trade and security ties with these countries because of their record on human rights,\" she said. \"[But] we achieve far more by stepping up, engaging with these countries and working with them to encourage and support their plans for reform. \"That is how Britain can be a force for good in the world as well as helping to keep our people safe and create new opportunities for business.\" The government says it has identified £30bn of high-value opportunities for British businesses across 15 different sectors in the region over the next five years."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Frank GardnerBBC security correspondent For the British, the visit has a straightforward agenda; in a world overshadowed by the uncertainties of Brexit this trip is primarily about trade and investment - Saudi investment that is - into the UK. British goods and services exported to Saudi Arabia totalled £6.6bn ($8.25bn) in 2015. For the Saudi rulers - one of the few remaining absolute monarchies in the world - it is also about something else. The Saudis are feeling increasingly surrounded and threatened by their regional rival Iran and its proxy militias. When they look at the map of the region they see Iran effectively controlling five Middle Eastern capitals now: Tehran, Baghdad, Damascus, Beirut and Sana'a, and spreading its influence among the Shia populations in Bahrain and along Saudi Arabia's Gulf coast. So the Saudis want to know that their defence alliance with the UK, as well as the US, is rock solid. Death toll But left out of the picture are the human rights organisations and campaign groups that want Mrs May to use this visit to pressure the Saudis to both end their military campaign in neighbouring Yemen and to release three young prisoners held on death row. The death toll is mounting from the war in Yemen, at least 7,700 civilians killed according to the UN, most by Saudi-led air strikes, and millions at risk of malnutrition or even starvation. In Yemen, the Saudis and their allies the UAE are determined to reverse what they see as an Iranian-backed coup by minority Houthi rebels who have illegally taken over half the country, including the capital, and carried out numerous human rights abuses since seizing power in 2014. But the Saudis have got themselves bogged down in an unwinnable war and paying the price are Yemen's civilians; schools, hospitals, markets and a funeral have all been hit by clumsy targeting from the air. This has prompted calls for the UK and the US to stop supplying planes, weapons and intelligence to the Saudis, at the very time that the UK is seeking ever closer ties with the Gulf Arab states. Controversial ally Mrs May has defended the UK's ties with the Saudis by pointing out that they have provided vital intelligence that has saved British lives. This is true. In 2010 a Saudi human informant inside al-Qaeda in Yemen tipped off MI6 that a bomb was hidden in cargo on a plane heading for Britain. It was. The printer ink toner cartridges, packed with PETN explosive, got as far as East Midlands Airport before the police finally discovered them after the agent gave them the serial numbers. But Saudi Arabia's human rights record still makes the country a controversial ally for the UK which purports to have an ethical foreign policy. Commenting on Mrs May's Saudi visit, human rights pressure group Reprieve said: \"As the prime minister makes ever greater overtures towards the Saudi government, the kingdom continues to carry out appalling abuses, including torture, forced 'confessions' and death sentences for juveniles. \"Theresa May's desire for closer relations with the Gulf must not cloud Britain's commitment to human rights.\" So for Theresa May the coming two days will require something of a balancing act - pushing for much-needed trade, more investment and closer ties with Riyadh and yet at the same time expressing just enough concern at humanitarian issues to avoid excessive criticism at home."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Matt McGrathEnvironment correspondent India lambasted the richer world's carbon cutting plans, calling long term net zero targets, \"pie in the sky.\" Their energy minister said poor nations want to continue using fossil fuels and the rich countries \"can't stop it\". China meanwhile declined to attend a different climate event organised by the UK. Trying to lead 197 countries forward on the critical global issue of climate change is not a job for the faint hearted, as the UK is currently finding out. As president of COP26, this year's crucial climate meeting due to take place in Glasgow in November, Britain is charged with ensuring a successful summit of world leaders and their negotiators. To that end, the UK team have embarked on a series of meetings to find the building blocks of agreement, so that the world keeps the temperature targets agreed in Paris in 2015 within reach. To have a decent chance of keeping the increase in global temperature under 1.5C - which is now considered as the gateway to dangerous warming - carbon emissions need to reach net zero by 2050. Net zero refers to balancing out any greenhouse gas emissions produced by industry, transport or other sources by removing an equivalent amount from the atmosphere. A range of major carbon-producing countries, including the US, the UK, Japan and the EU, have signed up to the idea. Last September, China said it would get there by 2060. India, the world's fourth largest emitter, doesn't seem keen to join the club. \"2060 sounds good, but it is just that, it sounds good,\" Raj Kumar Singh, India's minister for power, told a meeting organised by the International Energy Agency (IEA). \"I would call it, and I'm sorry to say this, but it is just a pie in the sky.\" To the discomfort of his fellow panellists, Mr Singh singled out developed countries where per capita emissions are much higher than in India. \"You have countries whose per capita emissions are four or five or 12 times the world average. The question is when are they going to come down?\" \"What we hear is that by 2050 or 2060 we will become carbon neutral, 2060 is far away and if the people emit at the rate they are emitting the world won't survive, so what are you going to do in the next five years that's what the world wants to know.\" Mr Singh pointed out that while it was the richer countries who had burned most of the fossil fuels that have caused the problems, they now wanted developing countries to stop - that was unfair, he said. \"The developed world has occupied almost 80% of the carbon space already, you have 800 million people who don't have access to electricity. You can't say that they have to go to net zero, they have the right to develop, they want to build skyscrapers and have a higher standard of living, you can't stop it,\" he told the meeting. China's minister Zhang Jianhua told the IEA virtual event that his country wanted \"increased mutual understanding and mutual trust to work as one\", on the issue of climate change. However, that desire to work as one didn't stretch as far as the UK, with China declining an invitation to take part in a key climate and development ministerial meeting for vulnerable countries. There was a feeling among officials that diplomatic arguments with China over human rights were spilling over into the climate arena. US special envoy on climate change, John Kerry, went out of his way to pour oil on troubled waters when speaking at the IEA event. Both India and China see themselves as developing economies and want to retain some sense that richer Western nations have to take the lead on climate. The former secretary of state was keen to say that there wouldn't be just the same carbon-cutting plan for every country, but everyone would have to do more. \"We can't just willy-nilly ignore the next 10 years because the scientists tell us that if we don't do enough in the next 10 years we cannot keep the Earth's temperature at 1.5C, we cannot even get on a roadmap to net zero by 2050,\" he said. \"So my plea is to avoid the 'happy talk' and recognise that this challenge is global and never has there been a challenge that requires the unity of countries all across the planet than now.\" Follow Matt on Twitter."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Reevel AldersonBBC Scotland's social affairs correspondent A report said there was a big disparity between people in the most deprived areas compared to those in more affluent parts. Cancer charities called for more resources for deprived areas. The figures for the Detect Cancer Early (DCE) programme showed a small rise in the number of people diagnosed early. DCE was launched by the Scottish Government in 2012 to raise the public's awareness of the national cancer screening programmes and also the early signs and symptoms of cancer to encourage help to be sought earlier. Figures for the two years 2017 and 2018 showed that for the three most common forms of the disease - breast, lung and colorectal cancer - one in four (25.5%) was diagnosed at the earliest stage (stage 1). That was an increase of 9.4% in the seven years of the programme. Disparity However, the report highlighted the difference in experiences of people in poor areas and those in more affluent areas. Looking at the three most common cancers, 22.6% of those in the most deprived areas were diagnosed at stage 1 compared with 29.1% in the least deprived areas. Gordon Matheson of the charity Cancer Research UK said: \"It's welcome that DCE has seen a small increase in the number of people in Scotland being diagnosed early with cancer. \"However, it remains unacceptable that those living in Scotland's poorer communities have significantly less chance of being diagnosed at an early stage when treatment is more likely to be successful. \"For this to change it's essential we see more tailored resources being targeted at Scotland's poorer communities. \"The Scottish government must also ensure that there's enough staff to do this vital work, if we are to meet current and future need.\" Over the seven years DCE has been in place there has been a rise in patients diagnosed at stage 1 with breast cancer - although there has been a small drop since 2014. The percentage of patients diagnosed at stage 1 for colorectal cancer has fallen over the time period although it has risen since 2016. Lung cancer has seen an increase in patients diagnosed at stage 1 although the increases have flattened over the last few years. Survival rates The report also showed for patients diagnosed with breast, colorectal or lung cancer in the most deprived areas of Scotland, the highest proportion were diagnosed at the most advanced stage of disease; stage 4 (29.7%). For those living in the least deprived areas, the highest proportion were diagnosed at stage 2 (29.6%). Scotland's Public Health Minister Joe FitzPatrick said early detection was crucial to continuing the improvement in survival rates with deaths from the disease down 10% in a decade. He said: \"More than £200m will deliver six elective treatment centres to allow people to be diagnosed and treated more quickly for planned surgery. \"Our DCE Programme has been developed to remind people across Scotland of their resilience and strength, in the hope that they'll act early to give themselves the best chance of finding cancer early. \"We are continuing to tackle variations in early detection rates, committing over £1m to health boards and third sector organisations since 2016, through our Health Inequalities Fund to improve screening uptake in groups least likely to participate. \"We are working to beat cancer, investing over £100m in our strategy as well as an additional £14m supporting health boards reduce waiting times.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"After accounting for the ageing population, the rate has risen by 6% for women and decreased by 3% for men. Lung cancer remains the most common cancer, followed by breast cancer. An ISD Scotland report said unhealthy lifestyles, extended screening and women having fewer children at an older age could contribute to the increase. Official figures show that in 2014, 31,711 people were diagnosed with cancer in Scotland, up from 27,820 in 2004. Chief Medical Officer Catherine Calderwood said the Scottish government's £100m cancer strategy would be crucial in dealing with that rise. The figures showed cancer was more common as people get older, with 75% of cancer diagnoses in 2014 being in people aged over 60. Dr Calderwood said: \"Like the rest of the UK, the number of people being diagnosed with cancer is increasing in Scotland due to people living longer. \"However it's important to note that more and more people are also surviving cancer for longer - with cancer mortality rates down 11% over the past decade. \"We are improving our ability to detect cancer and to treat it successfully but we can always do more.\" She also highlighted lifestyle changes such as drinking less alcohol, quitting smoking, exercising more and eating healthily as having a part to play. The importance of early detection was also flagged up. Reaction to the figures"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Figures for 2017 recorded 213 referrals to Police Scotland - up 42% on the previous year. The most significant rise was in suspected cases of labour exploitation, up 64%, with over half relating to male victims. Police Scotland said it was \"crucial\" that people continue to report their suspicions to the authorities. The Scottish government believes the increase indicates greater awareness of the problem. Scotland's first national strategy on the issue was launched last year. Identifying victims Justice Secretary Michael Matheson said: \"Trafficking and exploitation can take place in any community and does not only affect people from overseas. It is essential that if we see or suspect something then we contact the appropriate authorities. \"An increase in the number of trafficking referrals in Scotland suggests that we are getting better at identifying and reporting victims of trafficking. \"The Scottish government has also led the way in improving support for victims of trafficking in the UK, including doubling the amount of time that they are eligible for this support, from April this year.\" More than one quarter of the cases referred to the police involved children. Police Scotland Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone said: \"People are trafficked for a variety of purposes, including commercial sexual exploitation, labour exploitation, forced criminality and domestic servitude, and all for the profit or personal gain of the traffickers. \"They are often trafficked across international borders, but also within Scotland. \"It is alarming that of the 213 referrals to Police Scotland last year, 61 of those involved children.\" He added: \"The signs of person being exploited can be seen within our communities and by raising public awareness of the signs, it is crucial that all suspicions of such activity are provided to the police.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Hundreds of people, mostly students, had marched peacefully through the streets of the capital Caracas. But security forces later clashed with a group of demonstrators who threw stones and home-made explosives, and tried to erect barricades. More than 40 people have been killed during three months of unrest. Wednesday's march was called by university students to demand the release of more than 200 people who were detained after security forces broke up protest camps last week. The government said the camps were being used as bases to launch \"violent attacks\" and to hide \"drugs, weapons, explosives and mortars\". 'No proof' But a university student at the march, Alex Gomez, rejected the accusations, saying \"there was never a problem due to drugs, weapons, or alcohol\". \"We are demanding that they show us the reasons why they arrested them,\" he told the Associated Press news agency. A student leader, Juan Requesens, vowed they would continue demonstrating despite the arrests. \"The government is trying to suppress us by continuing to detain students. We will not bow down and will continue our protests,\" he told the Efe news agency. Since 12 February, Venezuela has seen a wave of violent demonstrations that were triggered by discontent over high inflation, rampant crime and food shortages. The government has labelled the protesters \"fascist agitators\" and accused them of fomenting a coup against the left-wing President Nicolas Maduro. In a report published last week, the pressure group Human Rights Watch accused Venezuelan security forces of illegally detaining and abusing protesters. The latest clashes come a day after the Venezuelan opposition threatened to boycott ongoing talks with the government. The two sides began meeting last month in an attempt to find a way out of the crisis."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Voters strongly opposed government plans for a new constituent assembly with the power to scrap the National Assembly and rewrite the constitution. Venezuela is polarised between backers of President Nicolás Maduro and opponents, who want fresh elections. A nurse was shot dead while queuing to vote in the capital, Caracas. Men on motorbikes opened fire, killing 60-year-old Xiomara Soledad Scott, and wounding three others. The opposition blamed a \"paramilitary\" gang for the shooting, which prosecutors said they would investigate. Separately, journalist Luis Olavarrieta was grabbed by what he said were a group of government supporters who robbed and beat him, but he managed to escape. What does the opposition object to? President Maduro's plan will see a vote on 30 July for the new constituent assembly. Its 545 members will have the power to dissolve state institutions, including the National Assembly, where opposition parties are in the majority. The opposition wants new elections before Mr Maduro's term expires in early 2019 and say rewriting the constitution would almost certainly delay this year's regional elections and next year's presidential election. It fears the new body could herald dictatorship. As Julio Borges, who heads the National Assembly, puts it: \"We don't want to be Cuba. We don't want to be a country without freedom.\" What does the government say? Mr Maduro argues that the constituent assembly is the only way to help Venezuela out of its economic and political crisis and he described Sunday's vote as \"meaningless\". \"They have convened an internal consultation with the opposition parties, with their own mechanisms, without electoral rulebooks, without prior verification, without further verification. As if they are autonomous and decide on their own,\" he said. On the same day as the unofficial referendum, the government held a \"trial run\" for the 30 July vote, which it described as a success. Why is Venezuela in crisis? More on Venezuela's turmoil Unofficial vote result - in detail The rector of the Central University of Venezuela, Cecilia García Arocha, said 6,492,381 people voted inside Venezuela and another 693,789 at polling stations abroad. However, the vote has no legal status. The turnout is slightly less than the 7.7m people who voted for opposition candidates at the 2015 parliamentary elections. There are 19.5m registered voters in the country. Voting on three questions, 98% rejected the new assembly proposed by President Maduro and backed a call for elections before 2019. They also voted for the armed forces to defend the current constitution. Sunday's unofficial poll was held in improvised polling stations at theatres, sports grounds and roundabouts. The opposition plans to burn ballot papers from the informal poll so those who voted against the government cannot be identified and victimised. While the vote was only symbolic, BBC South America correspondent Katy Watson said the opposition hopes the high turnout will heap pressure on the government. Are you in the region? Did you take part in the referendum? Email [email protected] with your stories. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The protest comes after Ms Park ordered 10 of her senior advisers to quit after admitting she had allowed an old friend to edit political speeches. Choi Soon-sil, who holds no government job, is also suspected of meddling in policy-making and exploiting her links with the president for financial gain. On Saturday, prosecutors raided the homes of several presidential aides. They seized computers and files belonging to the officials who are suspected of being Ms Choi's accomplices. 'Lost her authority' Police said about 8,000 protesters took to the streets on Saturday evening. Organisers said some 20,000 people turned out. Many held posters reading \"Step down, Park Geun-hye\". \"Park has lost her authority as president and showed she doesn't have the basic qualities to govern a country,\" opposition politician Jae-myung Lee was quoted as saying by the Associated Press news agency. Ms Park's televised apology over the scandal last week failed to defuse the situation, only sparking widespread accusations of mismanagement. The scandal has badly eroded her popularity before next year's elections, with some opposition parties calling on her to resign. Ms Park, 64, became the first woman to lead South Korea after winning presidential elections in 2012. She has proposed that presidents be allowed to stand for a second consecutive term. Ms Choi is the daughter of shadowy religious cult leader Choi Tae-min, who was Ms Park's mentor until his death in 1994. Ms Choi, who left the country last month and is currently in Germany, has denied benefiting financially from her government links. Her lawyer said she was well aware of the \"gravity\" of the situation and was willing to return to South Korea if summoned by prosecutors."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Nick Ramsay wanted to stop a meeting of the Monmouth Conservative Association (MCA) from going ahead next week. But his application for an injunction has been withdrawn and a judge ordered Mr Ramsay to pay £25,000 in costs. Mr Ramsay said he had wanted clarification from MCA to \"ensure no further damage was caused.\" At the virtual hearing at Bristol Civil Justice Centre, Mr Ramsay's injunction application was withdrawn, and a judge said if the application to injuct had been made it would have failed. Judge Paul Matthews said Mr Ramsay has 28 days to make the costs payment to the successful party - MCA chair Nick Hackett-Pain, on behalf of its members - and no permission was granted for appeal. Mr Ramsay said he withdrew the application after the MCA \"changed their position at the eleventh hour\" and claimed he was the victim of a \"witch hunt\". He added: \"I still do not know what I have done and that has still not been disclosed. There are a few bad apples who I believe have poisoned the barrel.\" The MCA spokesman said it was \"absolutely delighted\" with the ruling. \"We hope that Mr Ramsay recognises the right of this association to conduct itself in a democratic fashion,\" he added. Mr Ramsay's future in the Senedd will be considered on Monday, where members will discuss a petition to deselect him. If the petition is approved, another meeting would be required to formally deselect him and he would then be allowed to take part in the final reselection process. But Mr Hackett-Pain said he believed \"very few\" members would be willing to campaign for Mr Ramsay after he had attempted and failed to injunct the association. He told BBC Wales that \"members of the association are not going to be impressed when their own candidate sues their own association\". Fellow Tory David Davies, MP for Monmouth, welcomed the decision to \"defend the right of the association\". Mr Davies wouldn't make comment on Mr Ramsay directly but said: \"All elected members owe their positions to voluntary associations and therefore I cannot personally conceive of a situation ever in which if the association wanted a meeting with me I would rush to lawyers and threaten them with my costs. I would never ever behave in that fashion.\" One source told BBC Wales more than 50 members had signed a petition against Mr Ramsay, which amounts to more than a tenth of the association's 500 members. It is the second legal action Mr Ramsay has staged this year, after the politician took the Welsh Parliament's Conservative leader Paul Davies to court over his suspension from the Senedd Tory group. It is understood that central Conservative Party officials will be involved in running the meeting on Monday and taking votes. However, it would not trigger deselection alone, and if members agree with the petition's premise further discussions would be needed for deselection to happen."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"His comments follow a letter from the office of NI's top judge saying it was vital judges considered the merits of individual cases independently. Unionists had criticised a perceived bias in recent bail decisions. Mr Ford said: \"I will make it very clear that as minister of justice I will not be telling judges what to do.\" \"I think the chief justice's secretary sent out a very important letter, which clearly established the role of judges and the issues that they have to take into consideration around bail,\" he said. \"And I think politicians need to be very careful, particularly at difficult times like this, in suggesting that judges should be swayed by anything other than the normal considerations.\" 'Double standards' Last week, a senior republican facing IRA membership charges was released on bail, but two union flag protestors were remanded in custody. It prompted a complaint by First Minister Peter Robinson and other unionists. They said there was a perception of \"double standards\". But the Lord Chief Justice's principal private secretary Laurene McAlpine has said courts must act without external influence. At Northern Ireland Question Time in the House of Commons, the DUP's Nigel Dodds asked Secretary of State Theresa Villiers if she understood the anger and bewilderment felt by unionists. But Ms Villiers said it was up to the courts to decide who should get bail."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The High Court in Glasgow heard Robert McPhee and John Miller held three men in \"slavery or servitude\" at a site in Shotts, North Lanarkshire. Prosecutors said the men were kept in squalid conditions and forced to carry out work for little or no pay. Mr McPhee and Mr Miller, along with two other men, James and Steven McPhee, have denied all of the charges against them. Between them, the four men face a total of 30 charges including violence, intimidation, abduction and detaining victims against their will. 'Fed dog food' One of the victims was allegedly held in a shed for three days and that an eight-year old boy was told to pour petrol over him. Prosecutors also claim the man was fed dog food, made to beg for water and forced to kiss the feet of James McPhee. The charge - said to be racially aggravated - is alleged to have occurred at a number of locations including Bathgate, West Lothian. Steven McPhee faces a number of the assault charges with one claiming he attacked a man with a brush, concrete slabs and a pick axe handle. The trial before Lady Stacey is expected to last four weeks."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Guildford Borough Council said 115 people attended Monday night's meeting in person and 238 watched live online. Petitions to \"Keep West Horsley in the Green Belt\", and to \"Save the Hogs Back\" were submitted in consultations on the new Guildford local plan. Big screens were set up to let people see the debates at the council offices. 'Consider all sites' \"We understand how strongly some in our community feel about the green belt land that makes up 89% of our borough,\" said Councillor Monika Juneja. \"The government requires us to consider all sites across the borough for potential future development, and our priority will be to look at brown field sites first.\" The local plan will be a framework for development in the borough until 2031. Campaigners set up a petition against the building of 821 homes on green belt land at West Horsley, signed by 660 people. Almost 1,000 people signed a petition against plans for 2,000 new homes on Blackwell and Manor Farms on green belt land near the Hogs Back. The council said a petition from residents about Mole Valley District Council's consultation involving the green belt in Effingham and Bookham would be considered at a future meeting."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"An independent inspector ruled in September 2010 that land at Ashton Vale should be protected. But the final decision now rests with Bristol City Council, which has promised to make a decision soon. Here are the main issues behind the application, who will make the decision and what the next moves could be. What is a town green and how can somebody register one? Any piece of land can be registered as a town green provided it has been regularly used for either sport or recreation for at least the past 20 years. Applications for town greens are mostly used to protect open spaces, especially in cities. But it also has obvious advantages to anybody who wants to stop building work taking place near to their homes. A council has to advertise that an application has been registered and if there are any objections hold an inquiry, often with an independent inspector. If successful the land would be registered as a town or village green under the Inclosure Act 1857 and Commons Act 1876 and nobody would be allowed to build on it. Why have residents applied to make Ashton Vale a town green? Residents claim they have made the application to protect the green belt land from development while others suspect it is nothing more than a move to block the construction of a stadium on their doorstep. The Ashton Vale Heritage group said that despite many members' \"love of their local football team\" there is \"more to life than football and commercial developments\". The group suggests the motive for the application is down to protecting green belt land on the edge of the city. They add: \"Campaigning to keep the natural green space and fields would have happened whatever development had been proposed.\" Has the club got planning permission? Bristol City FC was given the green light to build the stadium in October 2009. The application for the town green was made earlier that month. If the council decides to back the application for a town green it would effectively over-ride the planning permission and mean the football club could not build on Ashton Vale. Why has the council said it will now make a quick decision? The first plans for the stadium were revealed in 2007. It has taken since September 2010, when the inspector's recommendation was first made, to get to this point. After the local elections, the Liberal Democrats group lost its majority rule at Bristol City Council and has been forced into offering concessions to remain as a minority administration. On Tuesday, leader Barbara Janke announced a quick decision on the town green application would be one of them. Who will make the final decision at the council? The group that is supposed to make the decision is the Public Rights of Way and Greens Committee which meets on 16 June. One of the options available to that committee is to refer the decision to full council on 21 June. When the decision is made by the council, is that it? It is very unlikely this will be the last we hear of the matter. The losing side has the chance to challenge the decision through a judicial review in the High Court. For the case to be referred, Bristol City Council said \"an applicant would have to prove that the council has acted illegally, unfairly or irrationally or disproportionately\". Both sides have said they would take up the option of going to the High Court, so whatever decision is made by council it is likely not to be the final say on the issue."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Brighton and Hove City Council and the University of Brighton have put forward the proposal for Preston Barracks. They want to build about 300 homes, shops, offices, as well as a new business school with student accommodation. An earlier scheme for homes and offices was abandoned in March 2009 when a fall in property prices made it unviable. Councillor Geoffrey Theobald, the cabinet member for the environment, at the Conservative-controlled council, said there was \"tremendous potential\" in the site. \"It's an opportunity to create a much more impressive gateway on a key route into the city,\" he said. The development would take in the barracks site and university land on either side of Lewes Road. It will include cycle paths and a park connecting the development to homes near Moulsecoomb Station. The proposal will be discussed by the council on Thursday before being put out for wider consultation."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Andrei-Mihai Simion-Munteanu strangled Premm Monti, 51, and battered Robert Tully, 71, with a hammer at the family home at Branston, last summer. Lincoln Crown Court heard he then set off to Tintagel Castle in Cornwall, Stonehenge, Cardiff and Edinburgh. The 22-year-old denies murder on the grounds of diminished responsibility. His defence team say he is guilty of manslaughter by diminished responsibility. Cross-examined by Michael Auty QC about why he chose Stonehenge the defendant, of Lincoln Road, Branston, said: \"It was somewhere that was recommended to visit in your life time.\" He said he did not enjoy Tintagel Castle \"but liked the view\". Jurors heard that in Cardiff he watched the Lion King, while in Edinburgh he hired an escort and visited the Sea Life Centre at Queensferry before continuing north to Dunnottar Castle. Mr Auty said: \"This was a tour of last pleasures for you wasn't it?\" Simion-Munteanu said: \"Yes, I suppose it was.\" The jury was told he had developed mental health problems while studying at the University of Lincoln and had previously made attempts to take his own life. Consultant psychiatrist Dr Steffan Davies said he had found evidence Simion-Munteanu was suffering from a mental disorder. The case continues. Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ewan Fulton, 20, allegedly attacked Mhari O'Neill at Edinburgh's Calton Hill in December 2018. The charge claims he compressed the teenager's neck and threw her to the ground, resulting in \"blunt force trauma\" to her head and body. Prosecutors also stated that Fulton gave her alcohol and a drug called Fluoxetine. The teenager allegedly became \"incapable of looking after herself\". It was claimed Fulton knew the condition she was in, but left her partially undressed \"in a remote and exposed location\". Mhari O'Neill is believed to have died at Calton Hill on 7 or 8 December 2018. Fulton, of Livingston, West Lothian, was also accused of sexually assaulting four other teenage girls between November 2017 and February 2019. Fulton, who denied the charges, had his attendance excused during a hearing at the High Court in Glasgow on Monday. His QC Shelagh McCall said: \"This is a somewhat complicated case in relation to the culpable homicide charge in particular.\" Lady Stacey adjourned the case until next month. Bail for Fulton was continued. Related Internet Links Scottish Courts Police Scotland"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The shooting happened on the Grange Farm estate in Kesgrave, Suffolk, at about 08:40 BST on 7 September. Another boy, aged 15 and who cannot be named due to his age, appeared at Ipswich Crown Court two days later charged with attempted murder. Norwich Youth Court heard the victim was shot in the face, allegedly after a confrontation. The defendant, from the Woodbridge area, is also charged with possessing a firearm, a 12-gauge Beretta over-and-under shotgun, with intent to cause fear of injury of another person, and possession of a firearm with intent to endanger life. He was remanded in custody for a plea hearing on 7 December. A provisional trial date was set for 25 January."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A majority of NASUWT union members at Cardigan Secondary School have said they will walk out over \"adverse management practices\". Ceredigion council has begun an investigation into the claims. The school had been criticised but an Estyn report found the head teacher had \"challenged underperformance robustly\". The NASUWT said the council was trying to intimidate members and the ballot was to protect their welfare. Intimidation A staff member, who wished to remain anonymous, said a \"climate of fear\" spread around teachers at the school who \"didn't fit in with the party line\". He added: \"There was a win at all costs culture which isn't sustainable. Teachers are voting with their feet. I think that's really bad for students in terms of stability.\" Former art teacher Guy Manning said: \"Cardigan felt like you had a gun to your chest. I think the expectation was that you put everything in your job and your family has to suffer as a result. \"We've seen colleagues fall and fall and fall. I see colleagues falling now, and they're just about dragging themselves into school to work. It's so hard sometimes to actually drive to work when you know that you or your colleagues are up for some kind of intimidation in that day.\" NASUWT said a ballot of its members at the school in December found 65% were in favour of strike action. Ceredigion council said an independent investigator had spoken to 25 members of staff, around half of whom had made complaints. The teachers' union said the council was attempting to \"intimidate staff\" at the school and its investigation was \"exacerbating an already extremely difficult situation\". The council said the union's accusation was \"wholly inaccurate\". Related Internet Links Geograph Britain and Ireland - photograph every grid square!"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Judith BurnsBBC News Education reporter More than half (55%) of teachers polled by YouGov for the National Union of Teachers (NUT) described their morale as low or very low. Some 77% said the government's impact on education in England was \"negative\". The government said teaching was an \"attractive profession\" with \"vacancy rates at their lowest since 2005\". Researchers questioned a \"weighted spread\" of 804 teachers across England and Wales. Some 88% belonged to a trade union or professional body, and 11% taught in private schools, the rest in state funded schools including academies and free schools. Some 74% were female. The survey was conducted online last month. 'Wrong direction' The results suggested that teacher morale had collapsed by 13 percentage points since a similar survey in April. Then the proportion describing their morale as low or very low was 42%. The figure describing it as high or very high dropped from 27% in April to 15% in December. Some 69% said their morale had declined since the general election in 2010. Almost three-quarters (71%) said they rarely or never felt trusted by the government. Some 77% said academy and free school programmes were taking education in England in the wrong direction, while only 5% felt the government was having a \"positive\" effect on schools. More than three-quarters (76%) said cuts and austerity measures were having a negative impact on some or most children and their families, with 74% agreeing that children's educational attainment was affected by family income. More than eight out of ten secondary teachers (81%) said they believed the government's new English Baccalaureate qualification for 16-year-olds was being rushed through without enough consultation. Some expressed fears that the new qualification encompassed too narrow a range of subjects and that many schools would stop teaching music, art, PE, design technology and religious education. Almost three-quarters (73%) felt students affected by the GCSE English fiasco should have their papers regraded. Only 22% supported the new phonics screening check for six-year-olds. On teachers' pay the survey asked about proposals to replace annual pay increments and give heads and governing bodies the power to determine any rises. Some 77% rejected the idea with 15% in favour and 8% undecided, the figure rose to 79% among academy teachers. NUT general secretary Christine Blower said: \"This survey paints a very sorry picture and is a damning indictment of coalition government policies.\" She said the education secretary Michael Gove had \"been allowed to rush through reforms based on little or no evidence\". \"We need to see education policy being implemented that works for all children and young people and provides them with an education that is exciting and fulfilling. \"It is time the prime minister reined in his education secretary, who has lost the respect of the profession.\" 'Greater freedom' A spokesman for the Department for Education said the changes would raise standards \"by giving more power to head teachers, attracting the best graduates and professionals, and helping those teaching now to do their jobs even better\". He added that the government had invested £4m \"to help existing teachers develop their skills\" and was \"cutting bureaucracy to allow them to spend more time in the classroom and less on unnecessary paperwork\". \"Our academy and free schools programme gives schools greater freedom so that more schools are run by great heads and teachers. Results show they are already having a positive impact, with performance in sponsored academies improving at almost twice the rate of maintained schools in 2011,\" he added."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Samantha Yeoman, who denies unacceptable professional conduct, claims she did not act dishonestly, a General Teaching Council for Wales (GTCW) panel heard on Wednesday. She quit as head teacher at Rogerstone Primary School in 2014. The GTCW panel has retired to consider its verdict. Mrs Yeoman has denied unacceptable professional conduct by allowing staff to manipulate the 2013 National Reading and Numeracy Test results to enable pupils to get better grades. 'Not disadvantaged' Her statement said she accepts that staff were allowed to highlight incorrect answers and pupils were allowed to change them but said this was \"against her instructions and... out of her control\". In his closing argument, Mrs Yeoman's representative Gwylim Roberts-Harry said Mrs Yeoman's actions \"don't amount to dishonesty\" and the case was \"based on witnesses who feel aggrieved by the way Samantha Yeoman had treated them in the past\". He told the panel that the tasks concerning the administration of the tests were delegated to the then deputy head teacher Wayne Millard. Her statement said teachers were allowed to see the test papers \"in order to ensure children had access and were not disadvantaged\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jayne McCormackBBC News NI Political Reporter He was speaking during his second day of evidence to the public inquiry into the flawed energy scheme. Mr Bell had already announced the scheme would close with immediate effect on 5 February 2016. But the final closure of the scheme did not happen until 29 February 2016. The decision to extend the scheme for a further two weeks was taken in Belfast following an angry reaction from boiler installers, while Mr Bell was on a trade trip to Canada that weekend. When he returned on Monday, he was told then-First Minister Arlene Foster wanted a short extension as the \"needs of industry\" had to be taken into account. RHI inquiry counsel David Scoffield QC said several witnesses including Mrs Foster, her chief special adviser (Spad) Timothy Johnston and Mr Bell's own Spad, Timothy Cairns, had all offered an alternative suggestion for his opposition. 'Proper steward' He said they had claimed Mr Bell's real concern was \"not so much public finances, rather the fact that changing your position so soon after you announced the decision would be something which looked like a political u-turn\". They had suggested it would be \"personally embarrassing\" for Mr Bell and would make him look foolish and allow political opponents to make capital from it. Mr Bell said it did make him and \"the rest of the party\" look foolish, but he believed it was a foolish decision and the wrong one. He said the main reason he opposed the extension was to be \"a proper steward of public funds\". The inquiry was later told Mr Bell's permanent secretary Andrew McCormick was \"relaxed\" about this extension, because anyone who availed of it was on much less lucrative tariffs after they had been cut the previous November. 'Heated exchange' Mr Bell was asked if RHI was the only cause of tension between himself and Arlene Foster in a \"heated exchange\" over the potential scheme extension. He said there had been other issues between them in the previous two months, but did not give any details. The pair had been close when they were students at Queen's University in Belfast and Mr Bell had relied on Mrs Foster for advice in the past, he added. He repeated a claim he first made to the BBC's Stephen Nolan in December 2016, in which he said Arlene Foster had personally instructed him to keep the scheme open for a further two weeks. He told the inquiry, the atmosphere during their meeting had been \"abusive\". The inquiry team said that stood in contrast to Mrs Foster's claims, as she said Mr Bell had been the one who had been \"aggressive\" towards her. Recorded conversation Later, Mr Bell was asked seven times by the inquiry chair, Sir Patrick Coghlin, why he had secretly recorded a conversation with his former permanent secretary, Dr Andrew McCormick in 2016. Mr Bell said he wanted to have a \"valid record of what my concerns were\", explaining that he was concerned that Spads had interfered to keep the RHI scheme open after he tried to close it. He told Sir Patrick he regarded Dr McCormick as a \"person of integrity\", but that as he was no longer enterprise minister he wanted to have his own account of events, as he could not access information as easily now from the Enterprise Department. 'In-out ministers' Earlier in Friday's hearing, Mr Bell was asked if he had been aware there had been a spike in applications at a time when DUP ministers, including him, were out of office as part of a protest following the murder of Kevin McGuigan, which was blamed on the Provisional IRA. He said it was a \"concern\" that it was not made clear to him by departmental officials, that the spike was happening while he was moving in and out of the executive during September and October 2015. Mr Bell accepted that when he realised the significance of the delay in the introduction of cost controls, he should have asked serious questions. 'Cost control delays' A large spike in applications to the scheme in a four-week period in autumn 2015 had the biggest impact on the public purse. Mr Bell did not bring cost control regulations to the assembly for approval until mid-November. He said by that time, he knew about the increase in applications and its huge associated cost. He told the assembly the scheme had been a good one with benefits to the Northern Ireland economy, which now needed to be restricted because of increased uptake. But the inquiry panel said that, in the background, he knew of the financial consequences of the delay. Sir Patrick also queried why Mr Bell had not asked \"serious questions\" of his officials about the financial fallout from the delay, during which there been hundreds of boiler applications. Mr Bell had not done that, but acknowledged that he ought to have. He said while the civil service had accepted the delay, it had not been their idea. 'Spad opposition' In December 2016, Mr Bell went public with claims that when he attempted to close the RHI scheme, he was stopped by DUP special advisers (Spads) from doing so. The inquiry team asked why, a year earlier when he learned of the delay's impact, he had not gone back to those Spads in the party he now blamed for it, to point out the consequences of their actions. Mr Bell said as plans were made to shut the scheme in early 2016, his Spad Timothy Cairns told him there would be resistance from within the party - and that Mr Cairns said other advisers were opposed to the idea. He was asked by the inquiry whether this was because of claims that some of them had private or family interests in the poultry industry who were major users of biomass boilers. Mr Bell said Mr Cairns told him the opposition was based on a number of factors. \"He said that it was a popular measure. It would have a political impact. \"It would attract a lot of criticism for us doing it and people were very politically aware of the damage it would cause to deal with it.\" Mr Bell said the party wanted to support agriculture and was keen to support farm diversification which would help \"keep the rural economy strong\". 'Gross disservice' Also during Friday's hearing, Mr Bell was asked about attempts to close the scheme to new entrants in early 2016. As plans were being worked up, officials became aware that Moy Park was telling boiler installers that a closure date of March was being considered - and to speed up their applications. The inquiry has already heard suggestions that Spads could have been leaking the information. Mr Bell said he had no knowledge of that happening, but added if it was, those responsible \"were doing Northern Ireland a gross disservice\". The inquiry heard that when officials first produced closure plans, Mr Bell's Spad Timothy Cairns asked whether the Ulster Farmers' Union could be consulted. He was told it would be inappropriate. Mr Bell said the scheme needed to be closed to manage the budgetary pressure, after it became clear that Treasury would not pay for the huge overspend. \"There is no legitimate reason why in these circumstances that you would advertise for more people to come into the scheme,\" he said. 'Curious' closure claims On 22 January, 2016, Mr Bell signed off a submission that would have seen the scheme close in early to mid March, in line with the rules on public and assembly consultation periods. But his approval was pulled after his Spad, Mr Cairns, sent the submission to Timothy Johnston, a Spad in the first minister's office. Mr Johnston intervened because the plan had to come to the executive for approval. The inquiry heard Mr Cairns was issued an instruction by Mr Johnston that nothing further was to be done until he had cleared it with the party, so the submission was rescinded. Mr Bell told the inquiry he was preparing for a US trade mission when his approval was reversed and that it had been done without his permission. But Mr Cairns claimed he told his minister what had happened and while they considered that Mr Johnston had dealt with it in an \"unprofessional\" manner, Mr Bell had been aware of the decision had been taken. The former minister contradicted that claim and said he had been told no such thing; that he had never withdrawn his approval and no-one had the authority to overrule it. He could not explain why his Spad would have made up a claim that he had been told, he added. Counsel to the inquiry David Scoffield said it was \"curious\" that everyone else, including civil servants on the US trip, appeared to know what was going on, but Mr Bell did not. 'Sensational' platform warning At the start of Friday's hearing, inquiry chair Sir Patrick warned it must not be treated as a platform for publishing \"sensational\" claims for the media. He said the public hearings did not afford an \"open invitation\" to witnesses to come along and refer to material to which they objected, but which was outside the scope of the inquiry. It followed claims about a DUP-inspired \"smear campaign\" against Mr Bell, which he raised during his first day of evidence on Thursday. Sir Patrick said he was not suggesting the documents referred to in respect of that by Mr Bell \"fell into such a category\". He said he was making a general point that \"this inquiry is not a media sensationalist platform so I would be grateful if everyone could bear that in mind\". 'Full, frank apology' Ending his two-day session at the hearing, Mr Bell was asked if he felt there was any way in which he had let people down during any of the events that had transpired. \"Any faults the panel finds as a result of my failings, I will offer a full, frank apology - unequivocally - for any of my faults,\" he said. He said he had achieved his two aims - protect the public purse and achieve a public inquiry into the scale of the flawed RHI scheme. Sir Patrick then thanked Mr Bell for coming to the inquiry, and said it was \"not an easy task\" to deal with some of the panel's questions. Next week, Mr Bell's former Spad, Timothy Cairns, and Arlene Foster's former Spad, Andrew Crawford, will appear before the RHI inquiry."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Conor MacauleyBBC NI Agriculture & Environment Correspondent Andrew Crawford said the accusation had been made by a senior civil servant at a Stormont committee in January 2017. He said he then became the focus of a media and political storm leading to his resignation days later. He had been DUP leader Arlene Foster's adviser at the finance department. He had followed her there from the enterprise department, where she had responsibility for the scheme. Mr Crawford said he had provided the inquiry with evidence that proved he had not been seeking to keep the scheme open when it was haemorrhaging public money. \"For people to say, at that stage, that I was trying to keep the scheme open, runs contrary to what I was doing at that time and what evidence I can produce to the inquiry and have produced to the inquiry,\" he said. Counsel to the inquiry Joseph Aiken QC said the public perception of special advisers (Spads) was that they lived \"in the shadows but are wielding a lot of power\". Mr Crawford replied that he considered Spads were most effective when they were \"anonymous\" or in the background helping their minister. Analysis By Jayne McCormack, digital politics reporter Wednesday's session gave an insight into the secretive world of Stormont's special advisers and how much power they can wield. Andrew Crawford seemed to start off nervously, but settled in as he was quizzed about the training he was given when he began working as a DUP special adviser in 2007. He said he didn't recall ever receiving any formal training, but did get advice from other special advisers about the \"dos and don'ts\" involved in carrying out the role. Mr Crawford also sought to point out that his job was \"purely to advise the minister\" - telling the inquiry it's ultimately up to ministers what decisions they make. That claim may prove to be somewhat contentious when the DUP ministers who oversaw the running of the scheme give their evidence to the inquiry. \"I always believed that if you became the story you couldn't advise behind the scenes,\" he added. He said the media and public attention on him after the accusation by a senior civil servant before the Public Accounts Committee in January 2017 left him in a position where he felt he had to quit. He said he now focused mainly on farming and did some part-time policy work for the DUP. In his witness statement to the inquiry, Mr Crawford said he sent confidential government proposals for cost-control measures in the RHI scheme to two relatives, months before they were made public. He said he now accepted that had been \"inappropriate\" and he regretted it. The RHI scheme was an initiative offering financial incentives to encourage businesses to switch to using renewable fuels to generate heat. But critical flaws meant that its claimants could earn substantial returns, far greater than intended. The cost controls on the scheme were needed to deal with increasing pressure on the budget as the number of applications began to steadily rise. In the weeks between the controls being announced in September 2015 and being introduced that November, hundreds of applications flooded into the scheme crashing the budget and ultimately forcing its closure. 'Clear rationale' Mr Crawford also told the RHI inquiry that nationalist politicians could resist wholescale adoption of GB legislation to Northern Ireland. He said such resistance was sometimes \"factored in\" by his former minister Arlene Foster when it came to decision making. The inquiry has heard suggestions that the RHI debacle may never have happened if Northern Ireland officials had simply copied an existing GB scheme. It had a much bigger support network running it. Part of the problem in Northern Ireland was the lack of staff, most of whom had no energy expertise. Mr Crawford said when it came to policy, nationalist politicians in Sinn Féin and the SDLP would have had \"issues with powers remaining at Westminster\". He said unionist politicians had to have a \"clear rationale\" for following Westminster's policy lead. Witness line-up \"I'm not saying they would be opposed to it, but you would have to work your way through why we were not devolving the power ourselves,\" he told the inquiry. He said it was part of the process that would have been going through his and Arlene Foster's mind when it came to policy decisions. He said it was also something that would have been considered by civil servants, \"albeit they are politically neutral\". Meanwhile, the list of witnesses lined up for next week now looks set to be changed. Inquiry chair Sir Patrick Coghlin said he wants to hear evidence from Andrew Crawford and Arlene Foster at the same time. It is hoped they might be able to give evidence on additional days next week. Sir Patrick said the panel felt it was important that continuity of their evidence, which was closely bound up, was not lost."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A deal between ministers and Crown Estate Scotland means developers will have detail when Scots firms will be used as part of the leasing process. The deal came at a summit in Edinburgh attended by trade unions, UK government representatives and industry. It was called amid concerns about supply chain firms such as Bifab losing out on deals to foreign competitors. Ahead of the summit, the GMB Scotland union claimed contracts \"worth billions\" had been lost to overseas firms last year, \"costing tens of thousands of Scottish jobs\". Announcing the new steps, Economy Secretary Derek Mackay said: \"Scotland is the ideal location for offshore wind, but recent projects have not delivered the significant economic opportunities we want to see for Scottish businesses. \"The Scottish government has been calling for the offshore sector to do more by awarding contracts to our indigenous supply chain but recent disappointments suggest that more has to be done. \"I will use every lever at our disposal to ensure that our renewables supply chain benefits from the expansion of offshore wind in our waters, leading to the creation and retention of Scottish jobs.\" 'Long overdue' A joint statement from the Unite and GMB unions welcomed the \"long overdue measures\" but added that they \"must be the start of change and not the end\". It continued: \"The truth is it's been a decade of failure for job creation in Scotland's offshore wind sector. \"In 2011 employment in Scotland's offshore wind sector was forecast to be 28,000 direct jobs and 20,000 indirect jobs by 2020. \"We are nowhere near that and in the last few months redundancy notices have been handed out at supply chain firms like BiFab and CS Wind.\" It added: \"Without a detailed industrial plan involving the industry and a substantial programme of investment for our supply chain, our green jobs revolution will continue to be delivered in Spain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Indonesia and China - anywhere but Scotland.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The poster in M&M Hair Academy in South Ealing featured the words \"Bad Hair Day?\" below the leader's picture. Barber Karim Nabbach said embassy officials were shown the door and the salon's manager spoke to the police. The Met Police said: \"We have spoken to all parties involved and no offence has been disclosed.\" The salon put up the poster on 9 April and the next day two men claiming to be officials from the North Korean embassy visited the salon and demanded to meet the manager, Mo Nabbach. Karim Nabbach said: \"We put up posters for an offer for men's hair cuts through the month of April. Obviously in the current news there has been this story that North Korean men are only allowed one haircut. \"We didn't realise but the North Korean embassy is a 10-minute walk from the salon. The next day we had North Korean officials pop into the salon asking to speak to the manager. \"He said 'listen this isn't North Korea, this is England, we live in a democracy so I'm afraid you're going to have to get out of my salon'.\" The manager later informed the police about the visit by the North Koreans and he was told the embassy had also contacted officers. \"We haven't had any trouble since then, if anything the poster has become a tourist attraction,\" Karim Nabbach said. Speaking to BBC Radio 4's PM programme, he added: \"A lot of our loyal clients found it hilarious and people on the street came in and complimented us on it and it drew in a little bit of business. \"No-one asked for the 'Un'. \"It was never intended to be a political statement, it's all tongue-in-cheek. We were just using it as a cheeky ad campaign.\" Last month it was reported by Radio Free Asia that male university students in North Korea were now required to get the same haircut as their leader."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Tomoyuki Sugimoto, who is thought to be a videographer in his 30s, has now arrived in China, said Japan's Kyodo news agency, citing diplomatic sources. Reports of his arrest first emerged earlier this month. North Korea has not said why he was arrested, only that he was breaking the law. Japanese media said he could have been filming a military facility. Tourists visiting North Korea are strictly monitored at all times. The secretive country has often jailed tourists before - sometimes for arbitrary reasons - and used them as bargaining tools in its negotiations with their home states. Among the most noted recent detainees was Otto Warmbier, a US student who was jailed for stealing a hotel sign. He was also released on humanitarian grounds, but arrived home critically ill and died a few days later. Mr Sugimoto, thought to be in his late 30s, is believed to have been detained while with a tour group in Nampo, on the west coast. Nampo - or Nanpo - is known to be home to a naval base and weapons factory. 'Leniently condone' The official state news agency KCNA said he had been \"kept under control by a relevant institution to be inquired into his crime against the law\". But officials had decided to \"leniently condone him\" and expel him \"on the principle of humanitarianism\". It did not specify when he would be freed, but prisoner releases usually happen soon after such a statement. Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga told a news conference earlier on Monday: \"The government is putting in all its effort, but we refrain from commenting on details due to the nature of the issue.\" Japan and North Korea have no diplomatic relationship. North Korea has several times used flight paths crossing Japanese territory to test its missiles, earning condemnation from Tokyo. And as well as joining most of the world in demanding that Pyongyang abandon its missile and nuclear programme, Japan has repeatedly pushed for information on Japanese citizens abducted by the North. The citizens were seized in the 1970s and 80s and forcibly taken to North Korea to train personnel in Japanese language and culture. Japan has insisted there can be no progress on sanctions relief or aid to North Korea until the issue has been resolved."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police have launched a criminal investigation into the leak of diplomatic emails from the UK ambassador in the US, Sir Kim Darroch. Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner Neil Basu said publishing the emails could be a criminal offence. Editors criticised an earlier statement warning against further publication. Following the backlash, Mr Basu said police \"respect the rights of the media and has no intention of seeking to prevent editors from publishing stories in the public interest in a liberal democracy\". However, he added: \"We have also been told the publication of these specific documents, now knowing they may be a breach of the OSA [Official Secrets Act], could also constitute a criminal offence and one that carries no public interest defence. \"We know these documents, and potentially others, remain in circulation.\" The government has already opened an internal inquiry into the publication of the memos, which saw the US ambassador refer to the Trump administration as \"clumsy and inept\". The emails prompted a furious reaction from US president Donald Trump, who branded Sir Kim \"a very stupid guy\" and said he would no longer deal with him. Sir Kim stepped down as US ambassador on Wednesday, saying it was \"impossible\" for him to continue. 'Ill-advised' A criminal investigation into the leak was launched on Friday by the Met Police Counter Terrorism Command, which takes national responsibility for investigating allegations of criminal breaches of the Official Secrets Act. Mr Basu said he was satisfied the leak had damaged UK international relations and added that there was a \"clear public interest\" in bringing those responsible to justice. He faced criticism, however, after he advised individuals and the media not to publish leaked government documents and to instead hand them over to the police or return them to their rightful owner. Evening Standard editor George Osborne described the Met statement as \"stupid\" and \"ill-advised\". Sunday Times political editor Tim Shipman branded it \"sinister\" and \"anti-democratic\". \"Do you have any comprehension of a free society? This isn't Russia,\" he tweeted. Mr Basu issued a further statement on Saturday afternoon saying he had received legal advice that led to the Met initiating an investigation into the documents as a potential breach of the Official Secrets Act (OSA). \"We have a duty to prevent as well as detect crime and the previous statement was intended to alert to the risk of breaching the OSA,\" he said. What is the Official Secrets Act? The Official Secrets Acts say a person can be guilty of an offence if they make a \"damaging disclosure of any information or document\" relating to security or intelligence of which they are in possession. A person does not have to officially \"sign\" the Official Secrets Act to be bound by it. The 1989 Act says a person can simply be \"notified\" that it applies to them - for example, in a government employee's contract. The law is strictest for those working for the security and intelligence services, past and present. Any unauthorised disclosure - under any circumstances - is a criminal offence. Prosecutions under the Official Secrets Act aren't very common - about one a year - according to the House of the Commons Library. But over the years, there have been some high-profile cases. In 2002, MI5 agent David Shayler was jailed for six months for giving details of MI5 operations to the Mail on Sunday."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Rachel FlintBBC News But what happens when you are elected to the assembly, parliament or a local council and have to juggle the pressures of parenting? How do you make it work when you live hundreds of miles away from home four days a week? As calls are made for the Welsh assembly to follow Scotland's example and open a creche, BBC Wales spoke to politicians about taking babies out canvassing and relying on parents for support. Tonia Antoniazzi - Labour MP for Gower - mother of one When Tonia Antoniazzi won back the Gower seat for Labour at June's snap general election she admits she had not really thought about childcare. With her ex-husband working shifts, her 13-year-old son, Jac, is looked after by her 70-year-old mother while she is more than 200 miles (320km) away in Westminster. \"It's a real challenge and I feel very concerned about his wellbeing as I'm not there for most of the week when he's at school,\" she said. \"He does miss me terribly. He takes some ribbing about it from his school friends, but generally on the whole he is very proud of me. But it doesn't take away, if something goes wrong, I'm not there and that I do struggle with.\" The former teacher said the election was so fast she had had little time to contemplate the impact on Jac, who has a different last name in a bid to keep his life as \"normal as possible\". She said it was only now, when the Commons is in recess, that the reality of the situation has begun to set in. \"It was just a complete whirlwind from the start, everything has just been 100 miles an hour, it's been very fast. I've absolutely loved every second of it, but the reality is quite harsh. \"While this job is absolutely perfect for me, I feel my priority has always been my son, it's never been my career. \"I'm now in a position where I feel it is time for me to focus on my career, but I do feel very selfish as well. \"I feel guilty, if my son needs me or if he has issues, where am I? I'm in London and he is being looked after by his grandmother.\" Hywel Williams - Plaid Cymru MP for Arfon - father of five First elected to Parliament in 2001, Hywel Williams' children are no strangers to having a dad in politics - when the Commons comes on the TV they shout: \"Oh, daddy's office!\" The father-of-five splits his time between London and his home in Caernarfon, working away from home four days a week and often attending events on weekends. With his oldest child being 37 and his youngest 18 months, the grandfather-of-four said the main issue the family faced was childcare as his wife, a lecturer, also works full time. Mr Williams, 64, said being a parent and an MP had its \"ups and downs\" and it did present challenges, including how to keep young children entertained when he was talking to constituents. \"They have always been used to this sort of way of doing things. \"For their friends it must seem quite odd, it must seem like I just disappear. \"I try to make up for it when I'm home and during the holidays. I'm not complaining but it takes some organising.\" Mr Williams said when he took the children to Westminster they received lots of attention and loved it because they \"get to eat sponge and custard in the cafe\". But he said there had been pushback from some MPs about young children being brought to late-night votes and cabinet sessions and, while there was a nursery, it was not of any use to him as it was for long-term use. \"The fact that they have one is great, but it is more for people who live in London than for people such as myself.\" Sarah Rees - 2016 assembly election candidate - mother of two When Sarah Rees stood as a candidate for the 2016 assembly elections, she took her then two-year-old daughter, Caitlin, out on the campaign trail. Now a mother-of-two, the deputy leader of the South Wales branch of the Women's Equality Party, said she would never have been able to stand without the party helping with her childcare costs. The 36-year-old said: \"I concentrated on day times when she would be at nursery. I did evenings with other candidates and she would be in bed. \"In the recent election I did take both children out canvassing - Danny in a sling attached to me, at three months old, and Caitlin walking alongside. \"Your attention is constantly being taken from one to the other, so to try and hold a conversation with someone on the doorstep is again something on top and it did get quite difficult.\" Ms Rees said she stopped taking the children out canvassing when one of the party's candidates in London received death threats, saying they were going to kill candidates. Darren Millar - AM for Clwyd West - father of two When he was first elected to the Senedd a decade ago, Conservative AM Darren Millar said he felt guilty for leaving his children for so long every week. Mr Millar, whose children Mary, 17, and Toby, 14, were just infants at the time, said being away from his family home in north Wales had been \"pretty grim\". \"I suddenly became a parent who was around all the time to someone who was away four days a week. \"It makes you think 'am I doing the right thing in getting involved, is it fair to Becky, who is effectively a single parent in the week?'\" He said he could understand why so many politicians quit to spend more time with their families and he tried to get as much quality time with his children as possible. \"I simply couldn't do my job without Becky's support, I always try to get a Sunday off and carve that time out.\" Rhianon Passmore - AM for Islwyn - mother of four Rhianon Passmore's children grew up surrounded by politics and her eldest daughter even followed in her footsteps to become a county councillor. \"I think I've been very lucky, because I've always been involved in politics in local government, so my children have grown up with the more chaotic timescales that are attached to life in politics.\" Ms Passmore, who was elected to the assembly in 2016, said when she was a councillor she did not claim childcare expenses. \"Local government has structures in place so you can have a childcare support allowance, I never claimed that, and I think there has always been a stigma attached to whether or not you claim different allowances. \"I didn't claim it because I felt I needed to be the same as everyone else. In the past that has been the case for women in local government, but I would stress, I think that is definitely changing now.\" Ms Passmore takes her youngest child, aged 10, to events at the weekends but said there were many which were not suitable for children. \"I think there is a very fine balance between how you interact with your children in public life and how you don't do that,\" she said. \"I think it is important that family life continues if you are in politics or in public life. \"Yes, it's a very great honour but I think it's very important that those who make policy are able to reflect on how these policies impact on families.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Labour leader said voters had a \"once in a generation\" chance to save the NHS, which was in \"greater danger\" than at any time in its history. But the PM warned of \"economic catastrophe\" if Labour got into power. Meanwhile, some senior MPs, including Culture Secretary Nicky Morgan, have said they will not be standing. Announcing that she would not contest her Loughborough seat again, Mrs Morgan cited the \"clear impact\" that being an MP and the \"sacrifices involved\" had had on her family. \"The abuse for doing the job of a modern MP can only be justified if, ultimately, Parliament does what it is supposed to do - represent those who serve in all areas of public life, respect votes cast by the electorate and make decisions in the overall national interest,\" she wrote. In recent days, a number of prominent female MPs elected since 2010 - including Amber Rudd, Heidi Allen and Mims Davies - have drawn a line under their frontline political careers - joining others such as Justine Greening and Claire Perry. Lib Dem MP Sarah Wollaston said women were being \"hounded\" out of politics. Sir Alan Duncan, one of a number of former ministers quitting, said the \"coarse\" nature of political debate on what he dubbed \"anti-social media\" was having an impact. Meanwhile, peers have approved the legislation needed to bring about the 12 December election. The House of Lords passed the early election bill - which was approved by MPs on Tuesday - in less than four hours, with no changes. Final Commons clash, for now In their final encounter in Parliament before the election, the two leaders exchanged barbs over their political values and disputed their parties' respective records on the NHS. The Labour leader accused the PM - who he has challenged to a one-on-one TV debate - of running down the health service, saying cuts to funding had contributed to rising waiting times for cancer treatment and operations. He said a Labour government would reverse what he said was the growing privatisation of the NHS, saying it existed to \"make people better, not make the wealthy few richer\". \"The choice at this election cannot be clearer,\" he said. \"People have the choice to vote for real change after years of Conservative and Lib Dem cuts, privatisation and tax handouts for the richest.\" Mr Johnson said he agreed voters faced a \"stark choice\" between a government spending \"unrivalled\" sums on the NHS and a Labour party that would \"wreck the economy\". Dismissing the Labour leader as an \"Islingtonian protester\" rather than a real leader, he said Mr Corbyn's \"flip-flopping\" over Brexit would lead to more years of \"toxic, tedious, torpor\". While 2020 would be a \"wonderful year\" under a Tory government, he said electing Jeremy Corbyn would result in further referendums on Europe and Scottish independence. \"That is the future. Drift and dither under the Labour Party or taking the country forward to a brighter future under the Conservatives. That is the choice the country faces.\" The election comes after the EU extended the UK's exit deadline to 31 January 2020 - although Brexit can happen earlier if a deal is agreed by MPs. What happens next? Opening skirmishes Speaking outside Parliament, Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson said her party was \"on the up\" and had a larger war chest at its disposal than ever before going into an election. \"Make no mistake, I stand ready to take on Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate to be prime minister,\" she said. \"We have a bold vision to stop Brexit and build a better, brighter future for the country.\" For the Scottish National Party, Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said an election was an opportunity for the country to hold another independence referendum. \"A win for the SNP will be an unequivocal and irresistible demand for Scotland's right to choose our own future,\" she said. But the Scottish Conservatives claimed voting for their party would keep Scotland in the UK. Meanwhile, an attempt by Boris Johnson to unite his party by re-admitting 10 Tory Brexit rebels has been hit by a row over the party's refusal to give the whip back to Amber Rudd - the former home secretary who has said she is standing down as an MP. Electoral pacts and coalitions The smaller parties are already talking about striking deals with each other, which could see candidates standing aside in areas where their Remain-supporting rivals have a better chance of winning. Ms Swinson said there were a \"small number of seats\" where \"arrangements\" could be struck with other parties to give an anti-Brexit candidate the best chance of winning. Green Party co-leader Jonathan Bartley told BBC Breakfast it was \"no secret\" that the Greens were \"talking to the Lib Dems and Plaid\" but \"nothing has been finalised\". He said the ideas was to get \"a big block of MPs in Parliament who want a people's vote, want to remain in the EU because they think it's best for the UK to do that\". Plaid leader Adam Price said his party was \"open to working with others to secure our European future\". Details of which candidates are standing and where will be published at 17:00 GMT on 14 November - as will information about the location of polling stations. The party leaders are also facing questions about whether they would form a coalition, if the election resulted in another hung Parliament. Asked if she would join forces with Labour or the Conservatives, Jo Swinson said: \"I can't be clearer - neither Boris Johnson nor Jeremy Corbyn is fit to be prime minister.\" Labour's John McDonnell told BBC Breakfast: \"There will be no deals, no coalition. We will go in as a majority government. If we don't win an overall majority, we will have a minority government.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The former X Factor judge decided to have surgery after learning she carries a gene which increases the risk of developing breast cancer. \"I've had cancer before and I didn't want to live under that cloud: I decided to just take everything off,\" she told Hello! magazine. Osbourne, 60, was previously diagnosed with colon cancer in 2002. The wife of rock star Ozzy Osbourne, she rose to fame on the reality show The Osbournes, and went on to join the judging panel of the UK version of The X Factor and, more recently, America's Got Talent. She quit the US show - produced by Simon Cowell - in September after a reported dispute with TV network NBC. One of the current hosts of US daytime show The Talk, she told Hello! magazine that she underwent 13 hours of surgery, and said: \"The odds are not in my favour.\" \"For me, it wasn't a big decision, it was a no-brainer.\" \"I didn't want to live the rest of my life with that shadow hanging over me. I want to be around for a long time and be a grandmother to Pearl. \"I didn't even think of my breasts in a nostalgic way, I just wanted to be able to live my life without that fear all the time.\" Earlier this year, Osbourne became a grandmother for the first time, after her son Jack and wife Lisa Stelly had a daughter, Pearl. Jack, 26, was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis earlier this year. In 2004, in conjunction with Los Angeles' Cedars-Sinai Hospital, Osbourne set up her own cancer foundation, to support people who are suffering from colon cancer but cannot afford healthcare."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Chloe HadjimatheouBBC News With the setting sun reflecting in the water and the lights of Istanbul twinkling on the horizon, the wedding guests sat around lantern-lit tables: diplomats from several countries, military officers, journalists and activists who had flown in from around the world to see James Le Mesurier get married. A dashing former army officer in his 40s, Le Mesurier had made his name as the co-founder of the White Helmets - the group of several thousand young Syrian men and women who pulled survivors and bodies from the rubble of bombed-out buildings in rebel-held areas of the war-ravaged country. The woman he was marrying, Emma Winberg, once worked for the UK Foreign Office but had latterly been helping him manage the White Helmets. She was his third wife. The couple lived in a traditional white wooden house overlooking the Marmara Sea on Buyukada island, off the coast of Istanbul. The small island once had a reputation for hosting subversives and spies - Trotsky lived there in a similar wooden house a few years before his fateful meeting with the icepick in Mexico. These days it's popular with journalists, artists and those wanting to escape the chaos of the city. The wedding party, in summer of 2018, was held in the garden of the couple's home with the bride and groom dressed like old-fashioned movie stars. Le Mesurier was carried on the shoulders of his Syrian guests as they bounced him around in a traditional arada sword dance - his face flushed and glowing. It was a romantic setting and it was obvious the couple was very much in love. But if you had been able to listen in to the guests, you wouldn't have heard the usual wedding chatter - the main topic of conversation among the champagne and canapes was the ongoing conflict in Syria. The war was always present - even on their wedding day. They found it impossible to separate their work and their private lives. Emma knew their future together wouldn't be stress-free. \"We often said, as bad as it gets, we will have each other. We knew it would be an adventure,\" she says. And after the fairy-tale wedding things did get bad - far worse than Emma could have imagined. In just 18 months, James was dead. Spoiler alert: This is the story told in the BBC's 11-part Mayday podcast - if you prefer to listen to the audio please click here, otherwise read on (this story is a 23-minute read) On 11 November 2019 at around 05:00, a worshipper on his way to morning prayers discovered James Le Mesurier's crumpled body lying on the cobblestones in a narrow alleyway in Istanbul. He had apparently fallen from the apartment above his office, three floors up. Emma was still asleep in their bed when the police banged on the door and woke her. Turkish detectives questioned her and took her DNA and fingerprints before forensically scouring the scene. There were concerns that Le Mesurier had also been murdered by foreign agents, like the Saudi journalist, Jamal Khashoggi a year earlier, almost to the day. As the news of the 48-year-old's death broke around the world, lots of people - including many friends and associates - assumed he had been murdered. The White Helmets were a thorn in the side of the Syrian and Russian governments, bearing witness to the bombing and killing of innocents and posting the videos online. In Moscow the television news described his death as a \"purely English murder\" claiming he had been finished off by his \"MI6 handlers\" when he stopped being useful. Syria's President Bashar al-Assad later gave an interview where he likened Le Mesurier's death to that of Jeffrey Epstein, saying both men knew too many secrets to be allowed to live. The British government was quick to dismiss such allegations. \"The Russian charges against him that came out of the Foreign Ministry that he was a spy - categorically untrue,\" said Karen Pierce, the UK ambassador to the UN. \"He was a real humanitarian, and the world and Syria in particular is poorer for his loss.\" Digging into his past it seems that at one point Le Mesurier did want to be a spy. After leaving the army he applied to join MI6 and - on paper at least - he looked a perfect fit. He aced the application process, but he was turned down at vetting; it took him months to recover from the disappointment. An old friend, Alistair Harris, describes Le Mesurier as \"Lawrence of Arabia-esque\" - an image friends say he liked to cultivate. He had a taste for the finer things in life, and lived in a series of homes on islands. During several years living in the Gulf, he would regularly travel into town from his home on Futaisi island, Abu Dhabi, standing at the wheel of a boat wearing a suit and brogues, his tie flapping in the wind. But he was never in the Security and Intelligence Services says Harris, a former UK diplomat who worked with Le Mesurier on several projects in the Middle East. The son of a decorated colonel, Le Mesurier earned a degree in international politics and strategic studies before graduating top of his class from Sandhurst military academy. Friends from that time describe him as an incredibly talented soldier, head and shoulders above the others in strategy and communications but \"too much of a nice guy for anyone to begrudge him it\". He spent the next decade in the Army but left after becoming disillusioned with the failures of the West to prevent atrocities in Kosovo, where he served as an officer. By 2004 he was working as an adviser to the new Iraqi government, but again he became exasperated by what he saw as wasted opportunities and money squandered on projects which failed to rebuild the country or win the support of its people. So when, in 2011, he was invited by Alistair Harris to move to Turkey and manage civil society projects across the border in Syria, he jumped at the chance. A democratic uprising, which the Syrian government had attempted to crush by force, had become a civil war, and government-run services were absent in rebel-held areas. As head of the Istanbul office of Harris's organisation, Ark, one of the projects Le Mesurier's took on focused on training young Syrians to act as firefighters, ambulance drivers and rescuers. Young men and women were already rushing in to help their relatives and neighbours whenever a bomb landed on a residential area, flattening apartments and trapping the residents inside - but often without the necessary skills. Le Mesurier felt that here at last was an inspiring Western-funded project. In a dark complex war, these were heroes: local people, instinctively trusted by their own communities, doing what they could in a time of crisis. He brought them all together in one organisation and got them professionally trained by the Turkish earthquake rescue specialists, Akut. One of Le Mesurier's colleagues at Ark, Shiyar Mohammed, remembers that before this vital training, volunteers would rush into a bomb site wanting to help, but without any idea what they were doing - which sometimes made things considerably worse. \"They hadn't even heard of things like maintaining an open airway,\" says Mohammed. \"Somebody with a neck injury would get picked up from his arms and legs and put on the back of a pickup truck.\" Le Mesurier and his team pulled in funding from the British, French, Dutch, Japanese, German and Canadian governments: one of his talents was persuading diplomats to part with their country's money. Once the trainees returned to their neighbourhoods with their new civil defence skills, Le Mesurier began securing funding for equipment - shovels, medical supplies and hard hats. There weren't enough of the red helmets meant for firefighters, so they ordered white ones - and these helmets would eventually earn the rescuers their nickname. But at Ark the White Helmets were just one of many projects and Le Mesurier wanted to focus on them exclusively, so in 2014 - with Harris's blessing - he set up his own not-for-profit organisation, Mayday Rescue. Speaking to the BBC in 2014, Le Mesurier described the rescuers as ordinary people: \"Former bakers, former builders, former students who... chose to stay with very little equipment, and at the beginning with no training whatsoever, to respond to bomb attacks, respond to shellings and to try to save their fellow Syrian civilians.\" While rescue operations were taking place in Syria, Le Mesurier was in Istanbul, hundreds of miles away. The only way he could find out what was happening on the ground was by watching videos of the new trainees in action. So he equipped the White Helmets with Go-Pro cameras attached to their hard hats. Before long, films of the White Helmets' daring rescues were going viral on social media. You can still find them on their Facebook page: hundreds of videos showing men and women in fleece jackets digging, sometimes for hours, through rubble and blocks of concrete, to the sound of cries from those trapped below. Often they pull out corpses - many of them dead children, whose parents are seen wailing over their tiny bodies. Sometimes they manage to pull people out alive, dusty and blood-splattered, who are rushed into ambulances. Much of the footage showed the destruction caused by Syrian and Russian war planes. The Syrian Air Force's weapons of choice were oil barrels stuffed with explosives - barrel bombs - which were dropped from helicopters on to rebel neighbourhoods. Occasionally the rescuers themselves can be seen weeping - a reminder that they are local people and that the victims were probably people they knew. One incident in Aleppo in 2014 was filmed in detail: It's night and a lot of people are panicking, frantically digging for their neighbours who are buried under concrete following an aerial attack. A woman caught in the rubble is rescued relatively quickly, but her two-month-old baby is still trapped under layers of debris. The White Helmets are filmed removing the concrete piece by piece until they can see the baby's head, but they continue to dig until finally they can access the baby's body and a rescuer called Khaled Omar Harrah is able to pull him out. \"We saved a baby. It was an incredible accomplishment for all of us,\" says Shiyar Mohammed. He remembers it as a moment of elation, feeling that all their hard work and the training sessions had been worth it. But their joy was tempered by the realities of war. \"This was just one baby out of thousands and thousands of other babies who have died, who couldn't be reached,\" he says. That scene of the baby's rescue had a huge impact in the West. It was the first time that a lot of people had seen the work of the White Helmets, and many were very moved. Le Mesurier explained to the BBC that Khaled was a former painter and decorator, who became a civil defence volunteer after his own street was heavily bombed. The baby was under seven feet of concrete and the rescue took 19 hours to complete. \"The work that they do is absolutely humbling,\" he said. But for cynics, the baby-rescue drama seemed a little too slick. Could the whole thing have been stage-managed by Le Mesurier and the White Helmets to gain support and extra funding, they wondered? And in some more radical circles - where everything financed by the West was seen as tainted by an imperialist agenda - the White Helmets started being accused of producing propaganda to push for intervention in the war. The videos were not stage-managed but the rescuers were deliberately documenting what they believed were war crimes, including the indiscriminate bombing of civilian apartment buildings, markets, schools and hospitals. And while the White Helmets were not calling for Western boots on the ground, they were pushing for the declaration of a no-fly zone enforced by foreign governments. There is also no doubt that the videos were tremendously helpful for fund-raising. By the time a Netflix documentary about the rescuers won an Oscar in 2017 Le Mesurier's organisation, Mayday Rescue, was receiving millions of dollars from states around the world including the USA, France, Britain, Germany, Holland, Japan and Qatar. The money was used to run training camps for the rescuers and to send equipment across the border into Syria, including fire trucks and ambulances. But the Syrian and Russian governments insisted that James Le Mesurier and the White Helmets were manipulating the truth. According to their account the Syrian state, with Russia's help, was protecting a loyal and grateful population from evil jihadists, some of whom were dressed as White Helmets. The Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad repeated these accusations in televised interviews and Russian diplomats began publishing what they said was evidence of the White Helmets using film sets to produce faked rescues. Two injured children - Omran and Aya - found themselves at the heart of this upside-down story of the war. In the summer of 2016 a Russian bomb fell on the Al-Qaterji neighbourhood in rebel-held East Aleppo. When it exploded it took out the home of the Dagnish family. When the White Helmets arrived on the scene they pulled five-year-old Omran from the debris along with his parents and baby brother. His older brother didn't survive. There's footage of little Omran, being carried by a White Helmet and put into the back of an ambulance. He's tiny and monochrome - covered head to toe in brick dust like a little grey ghost. He sits there, expressionless, utterly dazed. Omran's photo was on the front page of newspapers around the globe. Another child whose face appeared on our TVs here in the West, was a little girl called Aya. The eight-year-old was filmed in a hospital in Homs, in western Syria. She had been hiding under a table when the ceiling of her home collapsed on her. A week after Aya's story was broadcast on CNN, the Syrian president gave an interview to Swiss TV where he was confronted with a photo of Omran. Unflustered, he replied that Omran and Aya were just props, siblings being used by the White Helmets in fake videos. And he claimed the rescuers had used them not just once, but several times in different videos. When journalists (including Channel 4 and France 24) looked into the claims, they found that they were false. Aya was confused with another child, pictured in the arms of three different people, but that was at a single rescue event where the pictures were taken moments apart. Journalists also tracked down witnesses, including Omran's father, who confirmed they had been involved in real bombings. In another \"discovery\" of fake videos, the Russian Embassy in South Africa tweeted a photograph purporting to show the White Helmets mid-shoot, with dressing rooms in the background and a clapper board in front of the camera. The photograph was quickly identified as having been lifted from the set of a real film, called Revolution Man. In a bizarre twist, the feature film, financed by the Syrian Ministry of Culture, was about a corrupt Western journalist who travels to rebel-held areas of Syria and finds himself helping the White Helmets to fake videos. The White Helmets in the photograph weren't actors working to discredit the Syrian state, they were actors working for the Syrian state. What the Russian and Syrian governments say about the war is unlikely to have much influence on most people in the UK, but they are not alone in spreading these stories about the White Helmets - a network of sympathetic Western bloggers and activists have amplified their ideas. The most prolific among them is Vanessa Beeley, a British diplomat's daughter who quit her job in manufacturing about a decade ago in order to highlight what she saw as injustices in the Middle East. Beeley began travelling to Gaza to report on the suffering of ordinary people there. She set up a citizen journalist blog and began posting articles about what she saw. When the war in Syria began in earnest she, along with a small group of other pro-Palestinian activists, became convinced that the uprising had been instigated by Western proxies. She soon turned her attention to the White Helmets, accusing the organisation of being a Western-created disinformation operation masterminded by a British spy - James Le Mesurier. She took up the allegation that they were faking videos, and also put great emphasis on the idea that they were jihadists, who had been taking part in executions. The Syrian state granted her visas and offered her government-guided tours of recently captured areas, where Islamist logos on the walls of White Helmets premises were pointed out to her. What Beeley's videos show is evidence that a variety of groups, some of them jihadists, have operated in the same areas as the White Helmets and possibly used the same buildings - not that the rescuers and Islamists ever worked together. Nevertheless, there are other photographs and videos online that seem to show individual White Helmets supporting jihadists - from the so-called Islamic State group or the al-Nusra Front (al-Qaeda's representatives in Syria) - either cheering their arrival in an area, or appearing to assist in an execution by removing the body afterwards. \"There's no way to deny it,\" says Nur (not his real name) who helps manage the White Helmets' media online. \"Former volunteers were in pictures waving flags.\" In the early days, in a few isolated cases, rescuers joined the White Helmets having left jihadist organisations, he says. In other cases individuals might have seen the jihadists as a possible solution to the bombs that were raining down on them from Syrian government aircraft - but he says the organisation quickly sacked anyone who showed such sympathies. Le Mesurier helped put a code of conduct in place which required independence from all armed groups, among other things, and all the rescuers were trained to understand its importance. As for the executions, Nur explains, one of the jobs of the White Helmets is to replace undertakers in rebel-controlled areas. \"Someone has to respectfully deal with the bodies and get them to their families,\" he says, adding that they were just informed when and where an execution would take place The White Helmets say their impartiality and adherence to humanitarian principles has been the secret to their survival as an organisation through so many years of war and in so many different areas with different groups in control. \"There have been multiple different examples of White Helmets teams, responding to buildings, not knowing who is trapped inside, and they continue regardless,\" James Le Mesurier told Dutch TV in 2015. \"They have rescued regime soldiers from under piles of rubble, and they do so neutrally and they do so impartially. For them what is important is saving a life. It doesn't matter who that life belongs to.\" One video in 2016 left the White Helmets wide open to Vanessa Beeley's accusations of fakery. The mannequin challenge was an online fad where people pretended to be mannequins - frozen mid-action before suddenly starting to move, like a mannequin coming to life. The White Helmets had filmed a mannequin challenge of their own. In it they are frozen mid-rescue about to pull a young man out of the rubble. For their detractors this was further proof that the organisation were expert fakers. Speaking on the Russian state-funded channel Russia Today (RT), shortly after her first visit to Moscow, Vanessa Beeley called the video bizarre. \"Whatever reason the White Helmets had for doing this extraordinary event, we've seen a reaction that I believe… massively backfired on them,\" she said, adding that the stunt made a mockery of the suffering of the Syrian people. Find out more Listen to the 11-part Mayday podcast with Chloe Hadjimatheou on BBC Sounds When the whole scandal broke James Le Mesurier was furious. His wife, Emma, says she had never seen him so angry. \"He just thought it was the most stupid own goal. James was very frustrated because this would keep getting used and recycled on a routine basis by the White Helmets' antagonists.\" I managed to track down the young Syrian who filmed the video. He wasn't a White Helmet - he was a media activist. He hoped the mannequin challenge might help people in the West connect to what was going on in Syria. It never occurred to him that it would be used as proof that the White Helmets' videos were fake. Vanessa Beeley is so convinced that the White Helmets are working for Western intelligence (and with Islamist militant groups) that she has even argued they are legitimate targets for the Syrian military. \"The White Helmets cannot be considered a humanitarian organisation, when they are embedded with a designated terrorist organisation al-Qaeda, and of course, ISIS and various other armed groups... They do not behave in any way like a humanitarian organisation inside Syria, and therefore… they themselves are a legitimate target in a war situation,\" she said in an interview to UK Column News in October 2020, repeating a view she had expressed before. James Le Mesurier was horrified when he saw her tweet this idea. \"I don't really have words for it. It was clearly legitimising the targeting of civilians,\" says his wife, Emma. \"And the fact that Beeley was a UK national, and was hosted on Russia Today as an independent investigative journalist, put them at even greater risk.\" Even before Vanessa Beeley's comments, Syrian and Russian states had begun employing double and triple-tap strikes in what appear to be deliberate efforts to bomb the rescuers. After a bomb falls the planes circle around waiting for the rescuers to arrive at the site before bombing a second time and sometimes delaying again before bombing a third time. Almost a quarter of all the White Helmets - there were around 4,300 at the height of the war in 2016/17- have been killed or seriously injured in the course of their work; it's one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. But perhaps Vanessa Beeley's most bizarre claim is that James Le Mesurier was involved in an organ-harvesting racket. In 2018 she was invited to speak at a joint Russian and Syrian presentation at the United Nations, sharing the floor with a Russian researcher. Apparent witnesses were shown in videos being interviewed by the researcher and saying that they had seen the White Helmets return the bodies of injured victims back to their families with all their organs missing. It is impossible to know whether the people who provided these accounts were speaking freely, and no other evidence was presented. The White Helmets say they have never heard any such claims from anyone in the areas where they operate. The accusation that Le Mesurier was involved in murder and organ theft might sound far-fetched but the fact that the ideas were presented at the UN gave them the veneer of officialdom. Misinformation about the Syrian war has become so ubiquitous it has resulted in what psychologists have called the \"illusionary truth effect\" where most people end up absorbing some of the false narratives, even on an unconscious level. When I first began looking into the White Helmets I had a feeling they were a bit dodgy, but I wouldn't have been able to tell you why or where I had heard that. All this was beginning to have a real effect on Le Mesurier. At one point, his colleagues say, when he tried to open a new bank account he was turned down because of concerns he might be involved in organ-trafficking. His wife Emma says he worried that after the war was over his reputation might be so damaged that he would never work again. Vanessa Beeley has denied being pro-Assad despite singing the praises of the presidential couple and the Syrian Army on social media. These days she lives in Damascus and drives around the city in a bright pink 1970s VW Beetle with a picture of Bashar al-Assad pasted in the back window. She declined to give me an interview but we did exchange emails. She told me she is not incentivised by any government, that she is self-funded and that her concern is getting to the truth. She also made it clear that she believes the BBC is a mouthpiece for the British government and is engaged in deliberate anti-Assad propaganda. Beeley sometimes claims to have been a finalist for the prestigious Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism. But when I contacted a member of the prize committee, James Fox, he told me: \"There are no finalists of the Gellhorn Prize for Journalism, and no 'runners up'. The prize does not draw up or publish such a list. The judges publish only winners or special commendations.\" There are other British Assad sympathisers. One is Peter Ford, the UK ambassador to Syria from 2003 to 2006, who says the White Helmets have faked all but a handful of rescues, have been involved in beheadings, and played a crucial role in the faking of chemical attacks - all of which he believes were hoaxes. He argues that the Syrian revolution was instigated by Western governments with the intention of toppling President Assad. Ford co-chairs the British Syrian Society with Assad's father-in-law, Fawaz Akhraz, who lives in London and has recently come under US sanctions as one of the state's \"enablers… in perpetuating their atrocities\". These days the organisation is seen by many as a propaganda operation for the Syrian leadership, though Peter Ford is at pains to make it known that he isn't paid by the society. He has also made it clear he believes the BBC was commissioned \"by Le Mesurier's handlers\" to whitewash the White Helmets. Ford has shared a platform with The Working Group on Syria Propaganda and the Media, led by a group of British professors from some of the country's top universities, which also argues that chemical attacks in Syria have probably been faked. In 2020 three members of the Working Group gave a presentation at Portcullis House, part of the Houses of Parliament complex, focusing on a chemical attack in the Damascus suburb of Douma in April 2018. It argued that dead bodies and gas canisters had been moved and manipulated in photographs that had been presented as evidence of a chemical attack, and that this staging would have required the active participation of the White Helmets. The Douma attack is one of the most contested events in the Syrian war, with both the Syrian government and their Russian allies claiming it was a \"false-flag\" attack, perpetrated by the rebels against their own side, so that the Syrian government would be blamed - and on this occasion the US, France and the UK did in fact respond with a punitive missile strike. (In the view of the Russian and Syrian governments, all the chemical attacks Syria has been accused of are Western-sponsored fakes. The Russian Embassy in London says the White Helmets \"have performed a number of cynical actions aimed at discrediting the Syrian authorities and promoting the Western narrative centred around a regime change in Damascus. This includes fake and false-flag chemical attacks.\") An investigation into the Douma incident by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) concluded - in characteristically careful language - that there were reasonable grounds to believe chlorine gas was used and that it was delivered from the sky, which would indicate it had been dropped by Syrian or Russian government forces, as no other parties to the conflict possess aircraft. But two members of the OPCW investigation team rejected this report, alleging that the US had pressured the organisation to reach this conclusion. They questioned whether the limited amount of gas that had apparently been dropped would have killed people where they lay, and also whether the canisters could have crashed through a concrete ceiling without showing more damage. The OPCW said these former employees had not been involved in the full investigation and had not had access to all the facts and independent reports. Despite this, the Working Group found the whistleblowers' arguments convincing - but then had to explain how the more than 40 victims who had been filmed at the location of the attack had died at the same time from the same cause. One of the Working Group's members, Prof Paul McKeigue of Edinburgh University - whose area of expertise is genetic epidemiology and statistical genetics - suggested that the most likely scenario was that the victims had been executed in a gas chamber and then carried to the apartment building and posed to look as if they had died there. I contacted the spokesman of the Working Group - a former professor from Sheffield University, Piers Robinson - who told me they did not accept that their assertions were conspiracy theories. He said their output was objective and rigorous and that they consulted widely when expertise outside their own research areas was needed. James Le Mesurier's wife, Emma, says attacks like these made during his lifetime were putting him under a great deal of stress. She believes it is likely that he was also suffering from trauma after years of watching distressing videos of the White Helmets' rescues. Most of those they pulled out of the rubble were already dead, including a disproportionate number of children. In making the podcast series Mayday I ended up watching dozens of these videos - there are hundreds on their Facebook page. This stuff sticks with you, and it left people like Le Mesurier's colleague at Ark, Shiyar Mohammed, traumatised. \"Because I was subjected to so much graphic footage and so much violence. I ended up with sort of basically horrific scenes stuck in my head. Instead of the victims, I'm imagining myself to be in their place,\" he says. There was a macho culture, Mohammed says, in which Le Mesurier and his colleagues saw themselves as too tough to be affected by all the horror of the war. Mohammed admits he was naive. By the time he left Ark he was no longer able to function in his daily life, suffering from panic attacks for three or four minutes every couple of hours. How close was Le Mesurier to experiencing this kind of trauma? I asked Emma about that and instead of answering me she showed me the photos and videos he had on his mobile phone when he died. There are happy times at home on Buyukada island, hanging out with his dog Balloo, and weekends spent entertaining his two young daughters from his previous marriage. But interspersed with all these domestic scenes are images the White Helmets sent him, of tiny shroud-wrapped dead children, videos of parents wailing over corpses, a lot of horrifying images of cruelty and death. And it wasn't just the horror of the war - it was the denial of all that horror that got to him. The Syrian and Russian governments were flipping everything on its head, as he saw it, and turning the war's heroes into villains. That's why, among all those awful images on Le Mesurier's phone at the end of his life there were also countless screenshots of online messages doubting whether any of it was true and calling him a liar, an organ harvester and a jihadist. In the end, though, it was misinformation from inside his own organisation that was apparently the final straw. Although Le Mesurier excelled in wooing donors, finances proved to be his Achilles' heel. He had never been across the books at Mayday Rescue, which was dealing with tens of millions of dollars a year - he left that to his colleagues. And it was the financial fallout following a major rescue mission that proved his undoing. This time the people being rescued were the White Helmets themselves. In the summer of 2018, rescuers in the south of the country were caught between President Assad's forces and the Islamic State group. In a daring plan dubbed Operation Magic Carpet Le Mesurier organised the evacuation of 800 White Helmets and their families through three border crossings into Israel - a country which had been at war with Syria for decades. To make this happen he helped orchestrate high-level discussions with the governments of Canada, Britain, Germany and the Netherlands, as well as Jordan and Israel. The discussions continued at his and Emma's wedding, attended by some of the key players - a detailed plan was cooked up among the canapes and lamb shanks. Emma crafted a clever seating arrangement for the reception, grouping together people who needed to speak to each other. Five days later, Le Mesurier flew to Amman, Jordan, to help oversee the huge operation. He was in his element - all his talents in strategising, learned at Sandhurst and honed over his decade in the military, came into play. White Helmets and their families had been hiding for days in a town near the razor-wire fences and concrete watch towers that marked the disputed border with Israel on the Golan Heights. They had fled their homes as the Syrian military advanced on their towns. Fear of arrest and torture - they had seen videos of \"confessions\" colleagues had been forced to make - had them running with only the clothes on their backs, carrying crying, hungry children. Le Mesurier was determined to get them out. Finally, on 21 July 2018, just as the sun was setting, the Israeli military cranked open the huge metal gates at two of the border crossings to let the families through. It had taken just a few weeks to mobilise the huge international operation but it wasn't fast enough. One exit route had already become too dangerous - in the previous days it had fallen under the control of Islamic State - and half of those they hoped to rescue didn't make it out. It is not clear what happened to these 400 people, but they were advised to burn their uniforms and hide. Senior members of the White Helmets told me they believe many of those left behind were captured and tortured or killed. Le Mesurier had managed to save 400 White Helmets, but at a huge political cost. Now he and the whole organisation appeared directly connected to Israel and his detractors - ever prone to see conspiracies involving the hidden hand of Zionism - had more fuel than ever. \"It was extremely frustrating, not just that there was this relentless personal attack on him, but that some people would believe it. I remember him saying, 'Will I ever work again after this?' So I think it was a huge strain on him,\" says Robin Wettlaufer, then Canada's Special Representative to Syria and one of the people who made the rescue happen. Le Mesurier returned to Istanbul utterly depleted. He hadn't slept for days and in this exhausted state he made a fatal mistake. To cover any expenses during the rescue mission Le Mesurier had withdrawn $50,000 in cash from Mayday Rescue's safe. In the event, he only spent around $9,000. Months after his return to Istanbul his head of finance, a Dutchman named Johan Eleveld, asked where the remaining cash had gone. James Le Mesurier couldn't remember. \"He might have lost it, he might have left it at the airport. He couldn't remember,\" admits his wife Emma. \"James had made a mistake.\" He would make an even bigger one. At a meeting with several senior staff members, including Eleveld, Le Mesurier took the decision to repay the missing cash out of his salary. But fearing he would look unprofessional if he publicly admitted he had misplaced such a large amount, he also decided to fake a receipt making it look as if he had replaced the unspent cash as soon as had returned from Jordan. In November 2019 an audit firm was checking operational changes at Mayday Rescue, with Johan Eleveld assisting them with their work. At some point they turned their attention to the organisation's cash books and came across the faked receipt. When they questioned Le Mesurier about it he immediately confessed. The audit firm also flagged loans and advances that had been taken by his wife, Emma, and warned Le Mesurier that he was leaving himself open to some difficult financial questions. Emma Le Mesurier says that their relationship with Johan Eleveld had been deteriorating for some time and he was avoiding their calls. Meanwhile, colleagues at Mayday Rescue say Eleveld was telling them the loan Emma had taken, which she had paid back within days, and the faked receipt amounted to fraud - and that there was a high chance Le Mesurier would face a prison sentence. Johan Eleveld said a non-disclosure agreement prevented him from talking to me, but in an email he denied saying that James might be jailed. Two nights before his death Le Mesurier wrote to the governments supporting the White Helmets saying that he took responsibility for any financial wrongdoing and offering to resign. The donors did not accept his resignation but said they would need a forensic audit and that would involve freezing Mayday Rescue's operations until a full investigation had been concluded. This meant the White Helmets' salaries, training and equipment would be withheld at a time when they were facing an escalating bombing campaign. Emma says Le Mesurier spent three tortured days believing that a stupid mistake he had made would result in harm and suffering to the most vulnerable people in Syria - those he had spent years trying to protect. He also believed that he would be publicly humiliated, and thought it was true that he might go to prison. Perhaps after years of fighting an increasingly personal disinformation campaign and seeing the brutality of war close up, James Le Mesurier was too tired to fight any more. The couple spent the evening of 10 November in their flat above the Mayday Rescue offices in central Istanbul. They had a difficult night. James went to bed and left Emma pacing the flat thinking. Around 04:00 he got up and offered her a sleeping pill and stood by the window smoking a cigarette, waiting for her to fall asleep. An hour later Emma was woken by police banging on her door. In the end, the Turkish police concluded that James's death was suicide. The detective in charge of the investigation told me a high-tech security system meant no-one else could have entered the apartment, and they found no evidence of a struggle. Six months later, an extensive independent financial investigation by Grant Thornton would conclude that Mayday Rescue's book-keeping was shoddy - but they could find no evidence of financial mismanagement or fraud by either Emma or James Le Mesurier. Trawling through years of correspondence, they unearthed emails from Le Mesurier to the finance department in the summer of 2018, soon after he had returned from the rescue mission. It turned out the money had never been missing. The emails show he kept the cash and asked the accountants to offset it from his salary. But he was so tired he had completely forgotten what he had done. Mayday Rescue went into administration in July 2020 and these days the White Helmets' finances are all managed by an American organisation called Chemonics - but as a commercial operation they charge considerably more for their services than Mayday Rescue did so the White Helmets get less of the funds. When someone kills themselves, that single act, that one moment in the thousands of moments that made up their life, ends up colouring everything. It inverts their biography so we look back at all they did through the lens of their death. And that is not always fair. James Le Mesurier was a man who lived several lives. He was a soldier, he was a Middle East traveller and an island dweller, a father and a husband and he was a humanitarian. And, like the people of Syria, he was a victim of disinformation. These days his wife Emma lives alone in Amsterdam, in an apartment they bought together on an island in the centre of the city. She spends hours sitting by a shrine she has built for James; a photograph of him, holding a bottle of wine with a cheeky lopsided smile, sits on top of the wooden box containing his ashes, surrounded by flowers and candles. \"I talk to him, and he talks back,\" she says, her voice breaking. \"He was an extraordinarily robust and resilient person. But he was exhausted and we were on the losing side. But I don't want to speculate on what James was thinking [in his final moments]. I don't think anyone has the right to do that.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Staff at the Capital Gazette in Annapolis said the attacker, armed with a shotgun and smoke grenades, shot through a glass door into the newsroom. US media have named a suspect held by police as Jarrod Ramos. He is reported to have unsuccessfully sued the newspaper group in 2012 for defamation. Police have not confirmed a motive. They said a white male suspect in his late 30s was taken into custody at the scene of the shooting and was being questioned. Investigators were said to be looking into \"violent\" threats that had been made against the Capital Gazette via social media. \"This was a targeted attack on the Capital Gazette,\" said William Krampf, deputy chief of Anne Arundel County Police. He added that the gunman \"entered the building with a shotgun and looked for his victims as he walked through the lower level\". County executive Steve Schuh told CNN that the suspect was hiding under a desk in the building when police officers arrived \"within 60 seconds\" of receiving news of the incident. He said there was \"no exchange of fire\". The Capital Gazette publishes several local newspapers, including a daily called The Capital, which has a history dating back to 1884. It is owned by the Baltimore Sun Media Group. The Baltimore Sun reported that police gathered outside Mr Ramos' house on Thursday after the attack. It said the alleged suspect has a \"long-running feud\" with The Capital over a 2011 report on a criminal harassment case against him. The victims have been identified by police. They are: Author and Miami Herald columnist Carl Hiaasen paid tribute to his brother, who was killed in the shooting, calling him \"one of the most gentle and funny people I've ever known\". Speaking to reporters, Mr Krampf said an item \"we believed to be an explosive device\" had been found at the premises and destroyed. He said it turned out to be a smoke bomb. He added that more than 170 people had been escorted safely from the building, which houses other businesses. 'War zone' Staff at the Capital Gazette's titles were left reeling from the shooting, but vowed to put out an edition on Friday. \"There is nothing more terrifying than hearing multiple people get shot while you're under your desk and then hear the gunman reload,\" tweeted reporter Phil Davis. Mr Davis described the shooting at the newspaper's office in Annapolis, just east of Washington DC, as being \"like a war zone\". He said that people were still hiding under their desks when the gunman stopped shooting. \"I don't know why. I don't know why he stopped,\" he told the Baltimore Sun. Chase Cook, a reporter, tweeted: \"I can tell you this: We are putting out a damn paper tomorrow.\" President Donald Trump was briefed on the attack. He tweeted that his \"thoughts and prayers\" were with the victims and their families. White House Press Secretary Sarah Sanders later condemned the attack on \"innocent journalists doing their job\". The New York City Police Department (NYPD) said it had deployed counterterrorism teams to media organisations in and around New York City as a precaution. Read more about US gun violence Another staff member at the Capital Gazette, Selene San Felice, told CNN that her first reaction to the shooting was to lie down under her desk, adding that she attempted to exit through a rear door but it was locked. Reporter Danielle Ohl said the newsroom was quite small, with \"about 20 news staffers\" and several advertising staff. \"We are close. We are family. I am devastated,\" she said. Jimmy DeButts, the editor at the Capital Gazette, tweeted that he was \"heartbroken\" following the incident. Federal agencies, including the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, were involved in the response to the attack. Maryland governor Larry Hogan said on Twitter he was \"absolutely devastated\" and was in contact with authorities. Democratic senator Chris Van Hollen responded to Mr Davis on Twitter, saying \"journalists shouldn't have to fend off bullets in the newsroom\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Kate wore a glittering green dress and William a traditional sherwani suit for the event at the Pakistan Monument. The royal pair are on a five-day tour of the country. Earlier, they met schoolchildren and had lunch with Prime Minister and former cricket star Imran Khan. At the reception, which was arranged to showcase the best of Pakistani culture, the duke recognised the country's troubled past, saying: \"For a country so young, Pakistan has endured many hardships, with countless lives lost to terror and hatred. \"Tonight I want to pay tribute to all those who have endured such sacrifice and helped to build the country that we see today.\" And he promised Pakistan could rely on Britain as \"a key partner and your friend\". Guests at the reception, hosted by the High Commissioner, Thomas Drew, also included figures from Pakistan's business, music and film industries, as well as members of the government. The couple are the first royals to officially visit the Commonwealth country since the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall visited the region in 2006. 'Big fans of Diana' In Pakistan, Prince William is also following in the footsteps of his mother Diana, Princess of Wales, who went there on several charity work trips before her death in 1997. On a visit to the Islamabad Model College for Girls, the couple spoke to children, including 14-year-old Aima, who told him she and her classmates were \"big fans\" of his mother. \"Oh, that's very sweet of you. I was a big fan of my mother too,\" the duke said. \"She came here three times. I was very small. This is my first time and it is very nice to be here and meet you all,\" he added. The duke and duchess heard how pupils were benefiting from the Teach for Pakistan programme - a fast-track teacher training scheme modelled on the UK's Teach First scheme. The British High Commission said UK aid in Pakistan had helped more than 5.5m girls receive a quality education since 2011. Local education officer, Mohammed Sohailkhan, told reporters the quality of education for girls varied across Pakistan. \"I can't paint you an entirely rosy picture,\" he said. \"It does still fluctuate wildly, particularly in rural regions, where there has traditionally been cultural barriers towards this, notably in terms of sending girls away to college. But these barriers are slowly being broken down.\" The prince and his wife also visited the Margalla Hills National Park in the foothills of the Himalayas, before travelling to Mr Khan's official residence in Islamabad for a private lunch. Mr Khan, a former international cricketing star and now PM, was a friend of the prince's mother. Prince William and Mr Khan reminisced about meeting each other when the duke was a boy at a gathering in Richmond, south-west London, in 1996. The duke told how everyone laughed at the time, when Mr Khan announced his ambition of becoming prime minister to William and his mother Diana, Princess of Wales. What are William and Catherine doing here in Pakistan? Put simply they are spreading a little royal love around the place. It's been 13 years since a royal visit. Some of those have been very tough years for Pakistan, a country that Britain has strong and long historical links with. Around one-and-half million British citizens are of Pakistani descent. Part of the visit is about giving the country a royal hug and showing people here that Britain cares. It's also a way of highlighting joint interests - climate change threatens Pakistan more than most, early years education is one of the duchess's biggest single concerns, and security is a key part of the co-operation between the UK and Pakistan. And it is a way of selling Pakistan to the world. The duke and duchess will leave the cities and see something of the spare and rugged countryside. Yes, there's lots of security surrounding the couple. But their travels will also advertise the breathtaking beauty of Pakistan, alongside the bustling cities. It is an opportunity to learn, to encourage and to give something back. The five-day trip was organised at the request of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A deal struck in England will see NHS staff there given pay rises of at least 6.5% over three years. Scotland's health secretary, Shona Robison, said she hoped to reach a similar deal as soon as possible. Both the Scottish and UK governments recently lifted the 1% pay cap for public sector workers. The deal agreed between the Department of Health and union leaders in England will be tiered, with the lowest-paid in each job receiving the biggest rise - with some getting as much as 29%. Following the announcement, Ms Robison said pay discussions were now under way with NHS Scotland staff representatives and health boards. The talks will cover NHS staff including nurses, porters and paramedics, but not doctors, dentists or senior managers. Ms Robison said: \"We have been clear that we will ensure nurses, support staff, AHPs, and all other staff groups covered by this agreement will be paid at least as much as their counterparts in other parts of the UK. \"We'll be working to reach a Scottish agreement as soon as possible and pay uplifts will be paid at the earliest opportunity. \"This will include staff receiving retrospective payments to reflect the value of the uplift backdated to 1 April 2018.\" She said Barnett consequentials resulting from additional UK government funding for the English settlement would be used to invest in the Scottish pay agreement. Pay for NHS workers is said to have fallen by 15% since 2010 once inflation is taken into account. 'Best deal' The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) welcomed the agreement in England, and warned that any failure to match it would have a significant impact on recruitment and retention in NHS Scotland. Its Scottish director, Theresa Fyffe, said: \"The voice of nursing staff has been heard and we welcome the Scottish government's decision to open negotiations on NHS pay. \"Like them, we want to move quickly and we will be working hard to secure the best deal for our members.\" She said the RCN would be pushing Scottish government to agree a pay offer as quickly as possible to allow consultation with its members to take place during April and May."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Health Secretary Vaughan Gething has accepted all the recommendations of the professions' pay review body and the rise will be backdated to April. It means all those on salaries will receive a base pay increase of 2%, with further rises for some doctors. In July the UK government announced more limited pay rises for doctors and dentists in England. The Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration (DDRB) recommended pay rises of: In England, the UK government announced in July it would give a one-year pay rise of 1.5% for consultants, 2% for trainees, 3% for specialty doctors and a backdated 2% for GPs. The Scottish government last month announced a backdated pay rise of 3% for salaried doctors and dentists who earn less than £80,000 a year. Mr Gething said the deal in Wales \"goes beyond what was agreed for doctors and dentists over the border\". He added it is \"yet another reason why Wales is a great place to train, work and live\". \"We have committed additional funding to fulfil the DDRB recommendations,\" he said. \"The reality remains, however, that our budgets are limited and so meeting a pay deal resulting from the lifting of the UK government's pay cap without appropriate funding to follow presents a risk to the future funding of NHS Wales.\" Dr David Bailey, chair of the Welsh Council of the British Medical Association, said the pay rise would go \"some way towards addressing\" recruitment and retention challenges in Wales. \"Whilst the DDRBs recommendations could have gone further to address many years of below inflation rises, doctors in Wales will be pleased,\" he added. Analysis By BBC Wales health correspondent Owain Clarke It's well known that there are severe shortages of doctors in parts of Wales. For example, we consistently hear of GP practices having to close or be taken over. We know health boards are having to pay a premium for temporary staff to keep some hospital services running. Mr Gething will hope this pay offer - along with other initiatives - will help tip the balance in favour of Wales, to persuade more doctors to come or stay here. But it is a risk. Spending more on salaries means spending cash that could been used on other things. And in being more generous than England, the Welsh Government has to find more of that money from its own overall budget."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Negotiations have been ongoing between the Educational Institutional of Scotland (EIS) and Colleges Scotland over a pay deal that was agreed a year ago. A more \"harmonised\" pay deal had been accepted, however, this has yet to be implemented. College Scotland has called EIS's requests \"unreasonable.\" More negotiations are set to take place next week. 'Negative spin' Larry Flanagan, EIS Scotland's general secretary, said: \"After more than a year of waiting for colleges to deliver this binding agreement that was supposed to deliver pay harmonisation across the country, the patience of Scotland's further education lecturers is now exhausted. \"Firm promises were made to lecturers on pay harmonisation across the sector, following many years of differing pay for lecturers doing the same job in colleges across the country. \"It is now time for college managers to stop their negative spin about the deal and to deliver the agreement that was struck last year.\" EIS-FELA president John Kelly added: \"While no lecturer relishes the prospect of taking strike action, the inaction of management on the delivery of this year-old agreement has forced us to pursue this dispute. \"We must increase the pressure on Scotland's college principals to compel them to honour the deal and deliver their promises on fair pay for all lecturers across Scotland.\" 'Unreasonable demands' Earlier in March, 97% lecturers voted to take industrial action if the dispute was not settled. The EIS want lecturer contracts to be reduced from 24 hours to 21 to focus on marking student work, however College Scotland want to increase this to 26 hours. EIS's requests are set to cost £27m with a 9% pay increase part of the deal. A spokeswoman for Colleges Scotland said: \"Students and the college sector can only be damaged by the EIS's unreasonable demands in the national bargaining talks. \"The EIS demands can only mean less teaching time for students at a higher cost to the tax payer. \"We firmly believe this is a good package that people in other sectors would warmly welcome, yet the EIS seems determined go down the road of disruptive strike action instead.\" She said the parties involved had agreed to meet again on Thursday to continue talks."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Victim Nadia Pascal described painful \"streaks\" running down the back of her legs after caustic liquid was hurled. Arthur Collins, 25, and Andre Phoenix, 21, are accused of throwing the acid at the Mangle E8 nightclub in Dalston, east London, on April 17 Wood Green Crown Court has heard both men deny all the charges they face. Mr Collins, the ex-boyfriend of The Only Way Is Essex star Ferne McCann, and co-defendant Mr Phoenix face five counts of grievous bodily harm with intent and 11 counts of actual bodily harm. 'Stinging and burning' The court heard Daniel Mills was sprayed in the face with acid while at the bar. Speaking from behind a screen, he told the jury: \"I sort of heard something out of character that made me turn, I think it was people shouting. \"As I turned around, the substance hit me in the face. It started stinging and burning,\" he said. Both Mr Mills and Ms Pascal described rubbing ice on their injuries, with Ms Pascal adding that people covered their faces and ran for exits to escape the strong fumes. Jay Lanning told the court he saw a potential fight brewing in the club when a man raised his arm back as if to throw a punch and \"white smoke\" filled the air. He said he was then hit by what he thought was \"ice-cold water\" but after 30 seconds felt a \"burning sensation\". Megan Usher, who also suffered burns, told the jury her arm turned \"kind of bubbly\" and \"red, very red\" when she was hit by the substance. The trial continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Lauren Trent was giving evidence at Wood Green Crown Court in the trial of Arthur Collins and Andre Phoenix. They are accused of throwing the acid at the Mangle E8 nightclub in Dalston, east London, on 17 April. Mr Collins, 25, and Mr Phoenix, 21, both deny the charges against them. Ms Trent said skin began peeling from her neck as she rushed to the nightclub toilets in search of water. \"It was like when you open a can of Coke, there was this hissing sound like an aerosol,\" she told the jury. \"I knew it was acid. Nothing blisters that quickly other than acid. I've been in clubs before where there was pepper spray.\" Ms Trent, who had gone to London to celebrate both her and a friend's birthdays, criticised the security at the venue where the alleged attack took place. She told the court the safety procedures were \"appalling\", and recalled: \"I can't remember many checks being done.\" Luke Ponte, prosecuting, said: \"You have no idea who was involved in the attack. It happened quickly?\" She replied: \"Very quickly, there was nothing to indicate something was about to happen.\" Mr Collins, of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, denies five counts of grievous bodily harm with intent, and 11 counts of actual bodily harm against 16 people. Mr Phoenix, of Clyde Road, Tottenham, north London, denies the same offences. Mr Collins admits throwing the fluid but maintains he did not know it was acid. Jurors have heard 16 people on the crowded dance floor were injured by the substance, which had a pH level of 1. The trial continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By James LongmanBBC News, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France But today the talk is still about the alleged sexual assault on one of their friends, 22-year-old Theo, a young black man, who was brutalised by police. A truncheon, they say, was rammed into his backside, leaving him hospitalised for two weeks. I meet his sister Eleanor, behind the graffiti-covered building where the assault is said to have taken place. \"They pulled him around the side to make sure the cameras couldn't see it,\" she says. \"Everyone here knows where the CCTV cameras are, and he tried to get to a place where they could see him. But the police - there were four of them - they pulled him back. \"I was afraid. I was afraid to see how he is and what they had done.\" Eleanor says she was in disbelief when she heard the details of what had happened. Her elder brother told her it was rape. \"'Rape?' I said. 'What are you talking about?' \"I started to cry because I was so shocked. But after that I knew I had to be strong.\" Attacks by police, residents here say, are pretty common. But this provoked real anger. Protests erupted across the French capital - cars were burned and property destroyed. Mejdi is 27 and was born on the estate. He rides up and down on his BMX, but is keen to stop and talk. \"If there is no charge for rape,\" he warns, \"people here will go mad.\" \"Nothing changes here. I was here in 2005 during the massive protests - they came back and tried to clean the place up. But you don't change anything with a coat of paint. Work, hope. We have none of that.\" He - like many here - is bright and well informed. He knows what the problems are - but is despondent that no-one seems to want to solve them. An air of boredom and hopelessness hangs over this place. For the young men here, the state is the enemy. Police cars drive up and down the roads, through column after column of social housing. Groups of young men shout \"rapists\" as they go by. Local activist Franco, from the anti-negrophobia league, says the anger is justified. \"The expression of their anger is the consequence of this first violence against Theo. This violence is a system, and this keeps us in a place where we cannot progress. \"When there is no justice, we have to fight to have it.\" Theo's ordeal is part of a bigger cycle of violence that keeps on spinning. Youth vs police; black vs white; haves vs have nots. And communities left behind. Fabien is also from the anti-negrophobia group. \"What the police are trying to do right now is not protecting us,\" he says. \"They want us to just shut up. They don't want us to express in any shape or form. They are just here to shut us down. \"We have to come and ask for justice. We have to acknowledge that this injustice is particular to a certain type of people. Coloured, minority, black, Arab - whatever you want. We are the most exposed to the systemic racism of the French state.\" Theo himself appealed for calm from his hospital bed. His sister is also keen to stress her commitment to peace. \"We speak because we trust in justice,\" she says. But she knows what's in store if that justice isn't seen to be done. \"If not, there will be more anger, for sure,\" Eleanor says."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan AmosScience correspondent, BBC News The innermost world has shrunk as it has cooled over time, its surface cracking and wrinkling in the process. Scientists first recognised the phenomenon when the Mariner 10 probe whizzed by the planet in the mid-1970s. But the latest images from the US space agency's Messenger satellite have enabled researchers to refine their estimate for the amount of contraction. And, as they report in the journal Nature Geoscience, it is significantly more than previously realised. Mariner made two passes of Mercury, in 1974 and 1975, photographing about 45% of the planet's surface. Evident in those pictures were long scars where rock had been thrust upwards as the body shortened. These lobate scarps, as they are known, typically run for hundreds of kilometres, and separate terrains that can differ in height by thousands of metres. From the Mariner evidence, researchers calculated Mercury must have decreased its radius by about 1-3km over its history. But that figure was in conflict with modelling studies that suggested a cooling object like Mercury should have contracted much more in four billion years. Messenger helps to resolve the inconsistency. Since entering into orbit in 2011, it has photographed 100% of the planet. This has allowed for a more extensive study of the scarp features and the more subtle wrinkled ridges that also criss-cross its surface. The new assessment now brings the observed shrinkage - a reduction in radius of 7km - into the realm expected by the models. Dr Paul Byrne from the Carnegie Institution in Washington DC is the lead author on the Nature Geoscience paper. He marvelled at the surface features on planet. \"Some of these lobate scarps are enormous,\" he told BBC News. \"There's a structure called Enterprise Rupes in the southern hemisphere that is a single scarp system. It's 1,000km long and in places has 3km of relief. Imagine standing in front of it. It's Mercury's version of a mountain belt. \"It utterly dominates the topography and it is astounding given the diminutive size of Mercury.\" The innermost world is a fascinating oddball. Whereas the Earth has an extensive crust and mantle shrouding its metal core, Mercury is very different. Estimated to be nearly 4,000km in diameter, the planet's metal core is its defining feature. It is covered only by a thin rocky veneer that may be little more than 400km thick. Although some of the core must still be liquid, part of it will have cooled and solidified, losing volume as a result. This will have scrunched the thin, overlying layer of rock. Europe and Japan plan to launch a joint mission to Mercury to follow up Messenger's observations The BepiColombo venture should launch in 2016. One of its principal investigators will be Prof Dave Rothery from the UK's Open University. \"People used to think the Earth was shrinking - which it is a little bit, but we can't see it because of the way tectonic plates are created and destroyed on the Earth,\" he explained. \"Before we understood plate tectonics, people thought mountain belts on Earth were because the planet was shrinking and forcing stuff upwards, and areas of thick accumulation of sediment were where the crust was being forced down by contraction. We now know that's broadly speaking wrong, but this is the process on Mercury because it's a one plate planet.\" This has relevance as scientists try to understand planets beyond our Solar System. Many of these, too, may have just the single plate and exhibit very similar surface-crumpling features to those seen on Mercury. [email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Neil BowdlerScience reporter, BBC News The ripples, which the researchers say resemble the undulations of corrugated metal, were detected in both Saturn's rings and in Jupiter's lesser-known rings. The ripples in Jupiter's rings are believed to have been caused by the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which struck the planet in 1994. Details are published in two separate papers in the journal Science. The researchers analysed images of Jupiter's rings taken by the Galileo spacecraft in 1996 and 2000 and by the New Horizons probe in 2007. They also looked at images of Saturn's rings taken by the Cassini spacecraft during 2009. What they found were undulations that the researchers liken to a corrugated tin roof, which when lit from a low angle, appear as alternating dark and light bands. This corrugation was found across Saturn's entire C ring, stretching for thousands of kilometres. It appeared to be part of a similar pattern observed previously in the fainter D ring. At least two separate spirals were meanwhile detected in Jupiter's rings. The researchers believe they were caused by debris, most likely from a comet, striking the rings, and tilting them. \"The material passes through the ring and basically causes the entire ring to be slightly tilted with respect to the planet's equatorial plane, and then it shears out to form this spiral pattern,\" said Dr Matthew Hedman of Cornell University in New York. Over time, the spiral becomes more tightly wound, and it may be decades before the rings flatten out again, say the researchers. The team was then able to rewind the process using mathematical models to give an estimated date of the impact event. For Saturn, they arrived at a point in 1983, but have not yet found a possible candidate comet. With Jupiter, they detected at least two spirals and so possibly two impact events. When they wound back the process for one of the spirals, they reached a point in 1994, the same year of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact. Dr Mark Showalter of California's SETI Institute remembers the moment he and Dr Hedman realised the significance of the date. \"Matt and I were talking, saying now wait a second doesn't that date sound a little bit familiar and honestly we had to run off to Wikipedia to ask 'When did Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter?' and there was the eureka moment when we realised we had a smoking gun,\" he told the BBC. The second spiral led them to an estimated impact event in 1990, which the scientists hypothesise may have been caused by debris from a previous close encounter with Shoemaker-Levy 9. Images taken by the New Horizons spacecraft also suggested further impacts may have occurred across Jupiter's rings in September 2001 and December 2003, but additional detections will be needed to confirm these results. Dr Showalter said ripples like those studied in the new papers could provide clues to the frequency of such events in the outer Solar System. \"Rings are comet catchers,\" he says. \"We probably already realised that comets hit rings periodically but we never realised before that every comet puts its own signature into the rings when it comes by and that that history gets recorded into these spiral patterns. \"Decades later, you can actually look at the same ring, find these ripple patterns, and each of them then tells you something about what hit the ring and when it did so.\" Commenting on the work, Professor Alan Fitzsimmons, a comet researcher at Queen's University Belfast, said: \"The papers show exactly what you can do when you have these beautifully functioning spacecraft observing the outer planets close up.\" He said the gravitational forces of the giant planets were enough to tear apart fragile comets, creating fields of debris that could cause the effects seen in the ring systems. Asteroids too could be torn apart by what are called tidal forces, he said, but this was more likely to be seen in the case of Jupiter, close to the Asteroid Belt. He said the work would give researchers the ability to \"directly calculate how often objects do hit the giant planets, which we've been struggling to pin down\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan AmosBBC Science Correspondent Using pictures from the Cassini probe, the researchers have detected and tracked a slight wobble in the moon. After seven years of study, they have concluded this flutter would be much less if the icy crust was connected directly to Enceladus's rock core. It is strong support for the idea of an intervening, global mass of liquid. \"If the surface and core were rigidly connected, the core would provide so much dead weight that the wobble would be far smaller than we observe it to be,\" said Matthew Tiscareno, a Cassini scientist based at the Seti Institute but previously affiliated to Cornell University, US. \"This proves that there must be a global layer of liquid separating the surface from the core.\" Activity on Enceladus has been one of the great discoveries on the Cassini mission, which arrived at Saturn in 2004. The first clue that something interesting was going on was some low-resolution images showing a plume coming off the south pole that had the space-interested internet all abuzz. Shortly after, Cassini detected a disturbance in magnetic fields produced by the presence of what appeared to be an atmosphere. Scientists then established that the moon was actually venting huge jets of water vapour through south polar surface cracks dubbed tiger stripes because of their resemblance to the big cat's fur coat. Models were subsequently produced to explain how liquid water could be maintained on a 500km-wide body in the outer Solar System, and how that water might be feeding the jets. But there has always been a debate about how large the hidden reservoir might be. Early thinking suggested it might only be a relatively small lens of water. This new result, published in the journal Icarus, is the best evidence yet that the sub-surface sea is not regional in nature, but encircles the entire globe. It is significant because it makes it more possible that Enceladus is a habitable world. In those jets, Cassini has also detected salts and organic molecules. The chemistry has scientists intrigued, and fired up to send a dedicated mission to the moon. When that might happen is unclear. Both the US and European space agencies are only planning currently to send probes to Jupiter, and even they are not likely to get to their destination until the 2030s. Cassini itself is winding up its observations in the Saturn system. It has another couple of close passes of Enceladus this year before it then starts to manoeuvre towards disposal in the ringed planet's atmosphere in 2017. [email protected] and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Owen AmosBBC News The MSC Magnifica left Europe in January, and was in the other corner of the world when ports began to close. With nowhere to go, the Swiss-owned ship started the long journey home. Its passengers, used to a new port every few days, last felt land six weeks ago. On Monday those passengers will finally get off in Marseille, having last disembarked in Wellington. Their voyage has included political storms, presidential pleas, one death, and - despite it all - plenty of fun. When the Magnifica left Genoa, Italy, on 5 January, the world looked very different. The \"unknown pneumonia\", as it was called, did not have a name. No one had died, the World Health Organization said, and just 59 people were infected, all in Wuhan. It is safe to say most of the Magnifica's 1,760 passengers - mainly Italian, French, and German - had not heard of the virus. And so, as they watched the sunset from the boat's Bar del Sole, or ate in the Quattro Venti restaurant, spirits were high. At the helm was Captain Roberto Leotta, from the small town of Riposto in Sicily. Captain Leotta has worked on cruises for 32 years, after three years on tankers and one in the Italian navy. Like many people from Riposto, his father and grandfathers were sailors. \"It is something that is in my DNA,\" he tells the BBC. After leaving Europe, the ship stopped in Cape Verde, off the west coast of Africa, before heading across the Atlantic. By the time they docked in Brazil on 19 January, the virus had left China, and Captain Leotta had noticed. \"We were always in contact with all the local authorities,\" he says. \"[But it was] after South America the situation became more concerning.\" The ship left Chile on 21 February, reaching Pitcairn in the South Pacific three days later. By now, cruise ships were in the news. Ports were closing their doors. Passengers from quarantined ships were dying. And the Pacific island of Aitutaki - just east of the International Date Line, population 2,000 - was worried. Cruise ships and the coronavirus The Magnifica was due in Aitutaki, famed for its turquoise lagoon and white sand, on 2 March. But as the coronavirus crept closer, local concerns grew. The island relies on cruise money but they asked the national government - the Cook Islands - to ban all cruises. The ship, which was virus-free, was allowed to dock on the main island, Rarotonga, but not Aitutaki. For the first time, Covid-19 had changed the plans of the MSC Magnifica's passengers. One of those passengers was Andy Gerber, then aged 69, from Bern in Switzerland. The Magnifica was his 20th cruise. In Auckland - the next stop after the Cook Islands - he enjoyed a beer in the sunshine; in Napier he admired the art deco; in Wellington he rode the cable car. But the big one was Sydney, a week after Wellington, where he would turn 70. \"A long time ago I reserved a steakhouse to celebrate with a bunch of friends,\" he tells the BBC. Until Australia, the Magnifica's itinerary was a blessing. In January, as the coronavirus emerged in Asia, the ship was far away in South America - where the virus wasn't recorded until late February. When it visited New Zealand, just five cases had been confirmed - all of them travellers, or their partners or relatives. But as the Magnifica approached Tasmania on 14 March, the coronavirus had caught up with the cruise ship. The island had six cases, and things were getting worse. The ship had permission to dock in Hobart, but Captain Leotta knew passengers may return with more than souvenirs. \"We decided it was much better for our passengers to remain safely on board,\" he says. The world - which seemed so big when they left Genoa in January - was suddenly much smaller. \"It was clear,\" says Captain Leotta, \"that there was basically nowhere to go.\" And so, in Sydney, the captain confirmed the news: the world cruise was over. They were heading home. The trip of a lifetime had become half the trip of a lifetime. Instead of the steakhouse, Andy Gerber celebrated his long-awaited 70th on board the ship, as the sights of Sydney were tantalisingly in view. How did he feel? \"At first - terrible!\" he says. \"But after the shock, we were grateful the captain decided not to let us ashore, as this meant we were 99.999% clean [of the virus].\" When the cruise was cancelled, passengers were allowed off - under strict conditions - in Sydney and Melbourne, if they wished to make their own way home. A few hundred did so, but most settled down for the ride: five weeks, 12,000 miles [19,000km], and a whole new meaning to long-haul. The ship was supposed to head north to New Caledonia in the South Pacific. Instead it went south, and sailed straight into a political storm. When a cruise ship wants to dock, it must provide the port with medical records, to show there are no contagious diseases on board. As the Magnifica approached Fremantle in Western Australia, the records showed around 250 people had visited the medical room in the past two weeks. Many were for painkillers, or dressings - routine visits. Crucially, there was no sign of Covid-19 on board. The Magnifica wanted only to refuel and resupply in Fremantle - not disembark. So, as he sailed up the coast, Captain Leotta was surprised to see the news conference from Western Australia Premier Mark McGowan. \"Currently more than 250 passengers [on the Magnifica] have reported upper respiratory illnesses,\" Mr McGowan announced. \"This morning I have contacted the prime minister…I will not allow what happened in Sydney to happen here. \"We will not allow passengers or crew to wander the streets. This is a non-negotiable position.\" Somehow, Mr McGowan had the wrong information. Wires were crossed. The Magnifica was leading the news, when its passengers were healthy - and didn't want to get off anyway. The company insisted there were no respiratory diseases or flu symptoms on board. But Western Australia then accused MSC of \"inconsistent advice\" - something MSC denied. Either way, when it arrived in Fremantle, the ship was greeted by the police and border force - to make sure no one got off - and a handful of protesters. \"Let's say that was not nice,\" says Captain Leotta. \"It was disappointing, first of all because it was fake news. It was wrong. And you can imagine, this news went all around the world immediately.\" Despite the disagreement, the Magnifica was allowed to resupply in Fremantle, before heading onwards. But it would soon be in the headlines again. As the TV crews filmed the Magnifica in Fremantle, and the politicians gave their news conferences, Anura Herath was below decks, out of sight, working hard as usual. Being a chef on a cruise ship is hard enough. It's even harder when the passengers aren't disembarking for meals. But Anura, from Kandy in Sri Lanka, is used to hard work. The 31-year-old has been a chef for seven years, since graduating from a hotel school in Sri Lanka. After working in his home country, he moved to hotels in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, before joining MSC in August 2017. \"In Dubai, the salary is enough, but I could not save much,\" he says. \"So I decided to join the cruise line, because I can save, and I can travel the world.\" After Australia, the Magnifica's plan was to sail to Dubai for a \"technical stop\". But that, too, became impossible so they decided on Colombo, capital of Sri Lanka. By now, Anura didn't want to sail back to Europe. Would he be quarantined, and if so, for how long? How would he get home? And so, he went to his bosses with a plan: let me off in Colombo. Although it seemed to make sense, Sri Lanka would not allow anyone to disembark. He would have to see his homeland appear, and then disappear, from below deck. So, on 4 April - two days before Colombo - Anura, while wearing his chef's whites, recorded a 94-second video message for the Sri Lankan president and prime minister. Let me off, he said in Sinhalese. I am the only Sri Lankan on board. It will be too hard to get back from Italy. After publishing the message, Anura went to work. He shared it with a journalist friend in Sri Lanka, but didn't expect much. After finishing work in the small hours, he went back to his cabin. \"I tried to sleep, but my family called me and told me to look on Facebook,\" he says. \"So I looked - and so many people were sharing this message.\" On Ape Rata - the Sri Lankan site that picked it up - the video was watched half a million times. Now everyone wanted to speak to the chef from Kandy. \"Politicians, navy, army, so many people called,\" he says. \"It was like a dream. Everything was very fast.\" The Sri Lankan president decided to relax the rules and so, as the Magnifica arrived in Colombo to refuel, the navy brought Anura ashore. \"I prayed for it, but I didn't believe it would come,\" he says \"Everybody helped me - all the Sri Lankans.\" For Captain Leotta - who had the final say - it was another first in a journey full of them. \"We were proud of him,\" he says. \"He really did the impossible to get off the ship.\" As it turned out, Anura wasn't the only one to get off in Colombo. A 75-year-old German woman, who needed urgent (non-Covid) care, was also taken ashore and, sadly, later died. As for Anura, he is still in quarantine at the naval centre in Boossa, but hopes to see his mother in Kandy soon. As it pulls into Marseille on Monday, the Magnifica will be one of three cruises still sailing with passengers, the Cruise Lines International Association says. The other two are also due to disembark today: the Pacific Princess in Los Angeles, and the Costa Deliziosa in Barcelona (it will also drop off passengers in Genoa afterwards). For Andy Gerber, who turned 70 in Sydney harbour, life on board \"the last cruise ship on Earth\" has been enjoyable, despite the lack of shore visits. \"There is still plenty to do if you want,\" he says. \"Gym, games, shows, dance classes… \"We have two pools and perfect weather, plenty to eat and drink, and we have made a lot of friends - especially during all these sea days.\" A Facebook forum is also upbeat. Covid-19 never reached the Magnifica and neither, it seems, did cabin fever. What do I need to know about the coronavirus? While there are some complaints - mainly about other passengers - there are plenty of pictures of singing and dancing. A picture of one performance on 10 April is captioned: \"Maybe this is the only theatre in the world still open.\" And - despite it all - the man at the helm also has happy memories of his truncated tour. \"We found ourselves [globally] in a situation where Covid-19 has been isolating people, and distancing people,\" says Captain Leotta. \"Here was the opposite. We became like a family - our guests and our crew together. The spirit has been beautiful.\" But what of the cruise industry? Can it recover from the bad press, the cancelled bookings, and all the other problems Covid-19 brought? \"We will return to cruising, and we will return better prepared than before with more experience. We are learning a lot, we will be there stronger than ever before.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Joshua NevettBBC News Working on Celebrity Cruise's Celebrity Infinity was supposed to be a fresh start, the next chapter in their lives together. On 13 March, the date of the cruise's departure, the ship became their home. Little did they know then, it would prove to be their prison. A day after the couple, from São Paulo, Brazil, boarded, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a no-sail order for all cruise ships. On the same day, Royal Caribbean cancelled all its operations around the world, including for its sister cruise line Celebrity Cruises. In just 24 hours, the coronavirus pandemic had upended their lives. \"This was the first day,\" Mr Saldanha, a 31-year-old DJ, told the BBC. \"It was a shocking surprise. This was not the plan. It was a nightmare.\" More than two months later, Mr Saldanha and his 29-year-old fiancée remain stranded at sea, albeit on a different cruise ship. They desperately want to go home but to their frustration, they, like tens of thousands of other cruise-crew members, have been unable to do so. While cruise passengers were gradually repatriated through March and April, many crew members stayed behind. Cruise operations were initially paused for 30 days - ample time, it seemed, for the pandemic to blow over. The pandemic did no such thing, leaving crew members in limbo as 30 days turned into 40, 50, 60 and more. The CDC extended its no-sail order and countries, concerned about the spread of the coronavirus, shut down their ports to cruise ships. With no end to the pandemic in sight, there are now an estimated 54,200 crew members on board 85 cruise ships in US waters, the US Coast Guard told the BBC. Many more are stranded at sea elsewhere. In an article on 17 May, the Miami Herald newspaper put the number at more than 100,000 around the world. Royal Caribbean, a US-based company, says it has arranged for British crew members to be flown home from Miami. A chartered plane carrying Royal Caribbean staff landed at Heathrow Airport on Tuesday afternoon. But given the numbers, bringing everyone home has proved logistically challenging for cruise firms. US operators must abide by strict CDC health requirements for repatriating crew on special charter flights. Their ability to uphold that responsibility has been called into question by crew in recent weeks. The recent deaths of several crew members has deepened the sense of unease. Last month, a crew member went overboard from Royal Caribbean's Jewel of the Seas ship. The company told the BBC it was \"assisting authorities with their investigation\", but did not confirm the person had died. More recently another firm, Princess Cruises, said a Ukrainian crew member had died after apparently jumping from the Regal Princess near the Netherlands. One Canadian crew member says the deaths have heightened anxiety on board Royal Caribbean's Majesty of the Seas, where protests erupted last week. The 36-year-old, who does not wish to be named, says \"the atmosphere was very tense\". \"I personally didn't go out much. I didn't want to be involved with it because people were quite angry,\" the Canadian crew member told the BBC. Hundreds of protesters gathered on the deck, where they hung banners bearing aggrieved messages. One, draped over the entrance to the swimming pool, read: \"How many more suicides do we need?\" No suicides have been confirmed by Royal Caribbean or any other cruise-ship operators. Royal Caribbean says a confidential mental health helpline is available for crew to call 24 hours a day. The spark for the protests, according to the Canadian crew member, was the postponement of a plan to repatriate staff. He says for some employees, repatriation arrangements had been delayed or changed several times, causing confusion and anger. On one ship, Romanian crew members held a hunger strike in protest. Jim Walker, a Miami-based maritime lawyer who is assisting crew, says the cruise operator has \"calmed everyone down\", but adds that many were \"still in the dark\". \"Legally, the repatriation of people is one of the most fundamental, long-standing maritime rights there are. You can't keep people hostages on a ship. You can't abandon them at sea,\" Mr Walker told the BBC. On Monday night, Denise Gruby, the mother of a British crew member, said her son had all but given up hope of being flown home. She said her son, 37-year-old entertainer Christopher Gruby, had opted to stay on board the Majesty of the Seas, which is due to depart from Miami to Southampton on Tuesday. \"They've just been abandoned. It must be an awful position to be in,\" Ms Gruby told the BBC. Other crew members have been more fortunate. A Romanian employee, who wished to remain anonymous, says Royal Caribbean paid for him to fly home on 22 February. He expected to be reunited with his boyfriend, who also worked for the company, a few months later. But the agonising wait goes on. \"My boyfriend is trapped on board the Majesty of the Seas. I can see that he's not in the best mood, but I'm trying to cheer him up,\" he says. Royal Caribbean insists repatriation plans are now in motion. \"So far, we have successfully repatriated over 16,000 crew members, and we are working with governments and health authorities around the world on our plans. We appreciate our crews' patience and understanding in this ever-changing global situation,\" the company says. But as crew await repatriation, some are not being paid. Those on Royal Caribbean ships are receiving a goodwill payment, amounting to $13 (£10.60) a day, employees say. For Mr Saldanha, though, it is not enough. \"After the 25 April, we stopped getting paid in full,\" Mr Saldanha says. \"We are consuming food and drink on the ship. So we think, maybe, the company is earning its money back. Perhaps even making a profit.\" On top of the financial burden, the desperation of being cooped up on an empty cruise ship has taken its toll on Mr Saldanha and his fiancée. For 21 days, they were kept in quarantine on the Celebrity Infinity ship, confined to a small cabin. \"We had a window, but we didn't have access to the fresh air. We stayed there for 21 days, against our will. We tried desperately for help,\" Mr Saldanha says. Last week, the couple were transferred to the Celebrity Reflection, where they feel more comfortable. Yet, they are still unsure when Royal Caribbean will repatriate them. Mr Saldanha says there are plans to fly Brazilian crew home from Barbados in May - but he's not keen on the idea because similar attempts have been cancelled in the past. \"They've already done this five times,\" he notes. Instead, Mr Saldanha wants the Brazilian government to make arrangements to bring them home. \"We are here against our will. My fiancée and I are hostages. We need to be rescued,\" he says."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Hafizullah Maroof BBC Afghan After the call, Shafiullah, who was 16, boarded the boat. He was one of about 100 passengers that night, last June, and one of thousands of men who have have fled Afghanistan every month this year in search of a more secure life in Europe. Shafiullah was already inside Turkey, but the people smugglers he had paid to ferry him to Istanbul were heading across Lake Van to avoid police roadblocks. The lake's waters are dangerous, and the smugglers were setting out at night. Somewhere across the water, the vessel they had chosen to carry their human cargo - including at least 32 Afghans, seven Pakistanis and one Iranian - sank. Sixty-one bodies were recovered, but the rest, including Shafiullah, are missing. Some bodies could be deep below the surface, Turkish authorities told the BBC, making recovery unlikely. At least four of those thought to have perished, including Shafiullah, were sent by a smuggler in Kabul. The BBC approached the smuggler and he agreed to talk on the condition that his identity was disguised. 'Everything is arranged by phone' Elham Noor (not his real name) has well-established links with other criminals and claims a high success rate in sending people to Italy, France, and the UK. \"Smuggling is not an individual business, it's a huge network,\" he said. \"We have connections with one another.\" Noor doesn't travel with the migrants though. \"Everything is arranged over the phone,\" he said. Noor has no shortage of clients. Many Afghans are desperate to leave their country. Afghanistan is among the poorest in the world, it has been ravaged by decades of war. According to the United Nations, 2.7 million Afghans are currently living abroad as refugees - putting Afghanistan behind only Syria and Venezuela in the list of countries which produce the most migrants and refugees. So Noor has no need to advertise. His clients call him. Young Afghans looking to make the journey will typically seek out a trafficker who has already sent somebody else from their region. But only a small percentage of those who try to reach Europe succeed at their first attempt, and some never return. Shafiullah's uncle Sher Afzal said the family knew the journey would be dangerous. \"But we didn't anticipate this,\" said. Afzal is in mourning, but it's a strange, hollow kind of grieving that lacks certainty. Shafiullah is still listed as missing. The family, who live in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad, would like to hold a memorial service for Shafiullah, but they have no remains. There has already been a ceremony for the two migrants whose bodies were recovered. \"Now we want to see his dead body. We don't expect him to be alive,\" Afzal said. Shafiullah saw no prospect of a future in Jalalabad. He contacted Noor to get passage to Italy, paying the trafficker $1,000 (£741) as a first instalment. He was bundled together with other migrants and moved from one place to another in cars, trucks, and sometimes on foot. Shafiullah crossed Iran and entered Turkey, but his journey came to an end on Lake Van, moments after he called his family. Noor told the BBC he paid the money back to Shafiullah's family and to others whose journey's were cut short. Shafiullah's family confirmed that they had received the money. $8,500 to get to Italy Noor said the tragedy had added to his misgivings about people smuggling. He recognises the human cost when things go wrong, he said. But it is a lucrative trade, and a hard one to leave after so many years. \"We charge $1,000 for Afghanistan to Turkey,\" Noor said. \"From Turkey to Serbia, it is $4,000. From there to Italy, we charge another $3,500. It is $8,500 altogether.\" These are huge sums of money in a country where the average per capita annual income is just over $500. Noor pockets between $3,000 and $3,500 for every migrant who successfully reaches Italy. And all Noor has to do to is pick up the phone, arrange some money transfers and pay the occasional bribe to the Afghan authorities. He never meets anyone in person who is not known to him or a close relative or friend. He relies on his reputation to bring in clients and is wary of speaking to strangers. It's a comfortable life, particularly by Afghan standards, and the trappings of wealth are obvious - the cars, the clothes, the houses. Noor knows that migrants face a risky journey without travel documents. They are kept hidden during the day and moved at night, using the network's safe houses along the way, in cities like Tehran, Van and Istanbul, he said. The migrants are advised not to carry any valuables like expensive jewellery or watches which could attract thieves. Noor usually tells the migrants not to carry more than $100 in cash. The journey to Turkey, a major hub for Afghans heading to Europe, can take from a week to a couple of months, depending on what happens on the way. One migrant who made it to Istanbul, passing through on his way to the West, was Hazrat Shah, a former soldier in the Afghan army. After his village came under the control of the Taliban, the 25-year-old feared reprisal attacks on his family, so he deserted from his unit and decided to leave the country. He set off from Nangarhar in eastern Afghanistan earlier this year, attempting to make it to Italy. \"After reaching the border [between Turkey and Iran], it took almost a month to arrive in Istanbul. I stayed there for a few months and worked in hotels to earn money to pay for the smugglers,\" Shah told the BBC. The eastern Mediterranean route, which involves crossing the sea between Turkey and Greece, is particularly favoured by migrants. The European border agency estimates that in the first 10 months of this year, more than 17,000 people crossed over to Europe through this route, and almost a quarter of these are thought to be Afghan. It was difficult to get from Greece to Bosnia - Shah was deported several times before he made it - but his attempts to move further met with repeated failure. \"It was horrible. In the last attempt I was injured as well. The police beat me a lot,\" he said. \"They took our shoes and jumpers. We were forced to return in the dark. It is so hard to get through.\" 'The smugglers can't help' Shah is not sure if he will ever get to Italy, but he is in no mood to call the people smugglers back in Afghanistan for help. They disappear at the first sign of trouble, he said, and many who undertake the journey regret trusting them. \"There is a possibility that you can die or be injured or abducted at every stage of the journey - and nobody can help you,\" he said. \"It is not possible for them [the people smugglers] to help as they are afraid of the police. It is a dirty game.\" Shah said he had lived in horrific conditions for many months and has seen many die on the way. \"You will receive very little food and water to keep you alive. I saw people dying of thirst without water. Other migrants can't help them because if you give your water to them, you face the same situation,\" he said. According to the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), more than 1,000 people have died trying to cross the Mediterranean this year. This is mainly because they are forced to travel on overcrowded boats, often during rough weather. Many others, like Shafiullah, die before reaching the Mediterranean and are not even included in this statistic. But there is no shortage of Afghans wanting to migrate. After an explosion near the German embassy in Kabul in 2017, which killed at least 150 people, most European countries closed their visa application centres in Afghanistan, which has made travelling legally to Europe even harder and only increased the flow of clients seeking the services of smugglers like Noor. From migrant to trafficker Noor himself was once in a similar situation. Like so many others, he too once dreamed of living a comfortable life in the UK. He undertook the same journey when he was just 14. His dad paid $5,000 to smugglers. \"I still remember the difficulties of my journey, particularly in Bulgaria where we were kept hidden in trains - I was even forced to jump from a moving train,\" Noor said. In Calais, Noor was offered a commission of 100 euros (£90) for every migrant he introduced to a smuggler. This is how he got his start in the business of people smuggling. Noor reached the UK illegally and continued to work with smugglers. But he returned to Afghanistan at the age of 21 when he realised the police were looking for him, he said. Some of the migrants who managed to reach Europe through Noor's network passed on his details to others, and his network and reputation grew. \"Despite the uncertainty, people still trust me to take them out of the country,\" he said. Noor said about 100 people who paid him to deliver them to a better life were currently on their way to Europe. But he insisted they would be the last. He was getting out of the business, he claimed. He said the disaster with Shafiullah's boat had hurt him, but the migrants knew the risks. \"I apologised many times to the families. I told them clearly in the beginning, anything can happen on the way,\" he said. \"They have accepted this. God will decide whether to forgive me or not.\" Another trafficker who knew Noor said he would find it difficult to stop. \"People will continue to call him for years to come, and the chance to make money won't simply go away the moment he calls it quits,\" the trafficker said. Whether Noor gets out or not, the people smuggling will continue. Many thousands Afghans will still be desperate for a safer and better life. In Autumn, not long after Shafiullah's boat sank, two of his relatives made it as far as Turkey. They have just been deported back home. When the weather gets warmer next summer, they may try again. You may also be interested in"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Steven McIntoshEntertainment reporter That was certainly the case when I met up with my friend Kerrie the other week and asked what the sweet-smelling scent that surrounded her was. \"Midnight Fantasy by Britney Spears,\" she replied. Now, we can all obviously appreciate Britney as pop royalty, but I was surprised such an arresting scent would have a celebrity's name attached to it. Not long ago, fragrances were associated with well-established, fashionable names such as Ralph Lauren or couture brands like Chanel. But the number of celebrity perfumes on the market has rocketed in the last decade. Why? Jennifer Lopez. \"Glow changed everything,\" says Chandler Burr, the former scent critic for the New York Times and author of several books on the subject. He credits Lopez's first fragrance, which was released in 2002, with triggering a deluge of deodorants. \"Elizabeth Taylor was one of the first [to have her own scent], but Glow kicked the whole thing into overdrive,\" he says. Lopez had sparked what Jezebel brilliantly described as the \"scentocalpyse\". Suddenly, everyone and their goldfish had a scent of their own. And they sold by the truckload. \"Brands can see a huge surge in sales and awareness when a celebrity face resonates with their audience,\" says Gill Smith, managing director of The Perfume Shop. She cites Beyonce and Ariana Grande's ranges as some of the store's most popular products. So, what is the appeal of celebrity fragrances? \"Identification and intimacy,\" says Burr. \"Scent is an affordable unit of a star. Assuming the celebrity has actually been involved in its creation, a scent constitutes identification with that star viscerally and intimately. It is, in a small way, meeting them.\" Perfumes ideally have to match the celebrity's image while also appealing to their core audience (which explains why pop stars with younger fanbases have fragrances with sugary sweet smells). Smith says: \"We all still aspire to be more like our idols and connecting through a fragrance is one way of doing that. \"Britney Spears has stood the test of time. Diehard fans who wore Britney Fantasy over 12 years ago are still coming to us to try her new fragrances.\" This is probably a good moment for me to make a confession. And, before I start, it's not something I'm proud of, ok? It was August 2014. I'd been to Spain on holiday and was in the duty free section of Barcelona Airport. Early, bored and trying to get rid of the last of my euros, I was spraying various aftershaves up and down my arm when one caught my nose. I looked at the bottle and was surprised to see it was something called The Secret by Antonio Banderas. So I bought it, and was duly mocked by my friends for having spent money on something called The Secret by Antonio Banderas. But it did make me realise that, if something smells good, it will sell regardless. For celebrities who don't want to release a fragrance under their own name, the mere act of endorsing an existing brand can have a huge impact. \"Johnny Depp as the face of Dior Sauvage has helped to drive awareness for that fragrance,\" Smith says. \"Eighteen months after launch it's still one of our top 10 sales every day. \"Other examples include Gigi Hadid with Tommy Girl; Jared Leto with Gucci; and Estee Lauder Modern Muse with Kendall Jenner.\" She adds: \"More recently the announcement of Guerlain working with Angelina Jolie has given a more traditional fragrance house a celebrity boost.\" The stigma around celebrity fragrances may have faded over the last few years - but now the sales are fading as well. It's a decline that started several years ago in the US. \"We saw it in 2008 right after the crash, and it's now a given in the US industry that the celebrity market has collapsed - or at least hugely shrunk,\" Burr explains. \"Rihanna and a few others have scents that are doing well, but it's nothing like before.\" Consumers in the UK appear to be turning their noses up at them too. Figures released by market research group National Purchase Diary (NPD) show sales of celebrity fragrances declined by £12m in the UK last year - a drop of 22%. But the fragrance market as a whole actually grew by 1.4% - so it's not that people stopped buying perfume, just that they're less drawn to celebrities. Just look at the sales of couture brands like Prada, Chanel and Dior, which collectively saw a 6% increase last year. \"The decline in celebrity perfumes is something we noticed in the past two years - it's not something we see normally,\" says Teresa Fisher, senior account manager in UK Beauty at NPD. That drop, she points out, could partly be down to fewer launches. \"The market was very healthy a few years ago because there were a lot of celebrity fragrances around,\" Fisher says. \"We saw One Direction and James Bond scents generate market growth, but now we aren't seeing as many celebrity launches.\" There might be fewer celebrities cologne-ising the shelves (sorry), but Smith says the market is still strong. \"It's definitely not the end of celebrity fragrance, we do still believe there is a place in the market for them,\" she says. \"Customers still want celebrity perfumes as long as it is the right celebrity, and the right scent.\" The right scent, of course, is the crucial part. When he was the NYT's scent critic, Burr famously awarded Britney's Midnight Fantasy four stars, implying there should be no snobbery about celebrities if the smell itself is good. He cites Sarah Jessica Parker's Lovely as one of the best of the celebrity fragrances he came across and is now even developing his own, called You or Someone Like You. Fisher says: \"I think overall what we're seeing is the polarisation of the fragrance market. \"At one end, consumers look for value for money, they go for promotions and maybe celebrity fragrances. But at the other, consumers are becoming more selective. \"Rather than buying 10 times a year maybe they buy five times a year. They're spending the same amount of money but going towards a more niche or premium offering.\" The fragrance industry was worth £1.25bn in the UK last year, and shows no signs of slowing any time soon. But if the current sales trends continue, there could well be far fewer famous faces plastered across perfumes in the future. Expect your next birthday present to be a bottle of Jean Paul Gaultier rather than Justin Bieber. Celebrity fragrances: A brief history Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The company's head of fashion, Bruno Pavlovsky, said it had become harder to source such pelts ethically. He also included fur in the list, of which Chanel uses little. Although Chanel's designer Karl Lagerfeld insisted the move was made independently, animals rights groups hailed the decision. Peta said in an Instagram post \"2018 is THE YEAR for designers coming out of the stone age\". Mr Lagerfeld and Mr Pavlovsky spoke to industry publication Women's Wear Daily about the decision. \"We did it because it's in the air, but it's not an air people imposed to us,\" Mr Lagerfeld said, although he noted \"there was not much fur\" in Chanel's work to begin with. Python skin bags were reportedly taken down from the Chanel site on Tuesday, but Mr Pavlovsky said it would take a while for existing products to leave their shops. The company would now focus developing leather and other material from \"agri-food\" industries, he said. Other luxury brands have also stopped using fur but campaigners hope they will follow Chanel in abandoning exotic skins."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"His novel includes: \"He lavished on her body indirect touches and bitter-sweet sensations flooded her brain.\" The 55-year-old beat fellow authors including the Man Booker Prize winner Richard Flanagan. The award, in its 22nd year, highlights \"crude, badly written or perfunctory use of sexual description\" in modern books. Previous winners of prize, established by The Literary Review in 1993, include Melvyn Bragg, Norman Mailer and AA Gill. Last year the prize was won by Manil Suri for The City of Devi. Okri's Age of Magic follows a team of eight documentary makers travelling from Paris to Basel, who end up in a Swiss hotel by a lake in the shadow of a looming mountain. Judges were impressed by an erotic scene involving Lao, the documentary's presenter, and his girlfriend, Mistletoe. \"When his hand brushed her nipple it tripped a switch and she came alight. He touched her belly and his hand seemed to burn through her. \"He lavished on her body indirect touches and bitter-sweet sensations flooded her brain,\" it reads. The author, who was unable to collect his award, said in a statement: \"A writer writes what they write and that's all there is to it.\" Okri's publisher, Head of Zeus, who were at the London ceremony to accept the award on his behalf, said that winning was \"fun but a bit undignified, just like sex, assuming you do it properly\". Okri, who won the Booker Prize in 1991 for The Famished Road, overcame a strong shortlist. It included Richard Flanagan for the Deep North, which includes the line: \"He kissed the slight, rose-coloured trench that remained from her knicker elastic, running around her belly like the equator line circling the world.\" Eric Reinhardt's The Victoria System also made the shortlist with the highly-charged phrase: \"It was as if I were drinking in life itself.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Designs for combat aircraft, ships and missile defences were among those compromised, a Pentagon paper found, the Washington Post reported. A public version of the same Defense Science Board report said in January that the US was unprepared for a full-scale cyber attack. A Pentagon spokesman said \"intrusions\" had not eroded its technological edge. The Defense Science Board did not return requests for comment from the BBC. The Washington Post report comes as Australia discloses Chinese hackers stole floor plans for the new headquarters of its domestic intelligence agency. The compromised US designs include those for advanced Patriot missile systems called PAC-3, an Army anti-missile system known as Thaad, and the Navy's Aegis ballistic-missile defence system, according to the Washington Post. The F/A-18 fighter jet, V-22 Osprey aircraft, Black Hawk helicopter and the Navy's new Littoral Combat Ship were also compromised. The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the most expensive weapons system ever built, was also cited on the list. 'Full confidence' The reports do not describe the extent of the theft, but correspondents say the hack could give China information that could be used against the US in the event of a conflict. In a statement, US defence department spokesman George Little said the Pentagon maintained \"full confidence in our weapons platforms\". \"The Department of Defense takes the threat of cyber espionage and cyber security very seriously, which is why we have taken a number of steps to increase funding to strengthen our capabilities,\" he said. \"Suggestions that cyber intrusions have somehow led to the erosion of our capabilities or technological edge are incorrect.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Michael BristowBBC News, Beijing It also says there has been a rise in operations directed against China. The views were made in China's National Defence white paper, issued by the government. The paper outlines the country's current views on security issues and gives an overview of its military forces. Fierce competition In the document, released on Thursday, China gives a downbeat assessment of the regional security situation. \"Profound changes are taking shape in the Asia-Pacific strategic landscape. Relevant major powers are increasing their strategic investment,\" it says. \"International military competition remains fierce.\" The document singles out the United States. According to China, it is reinforcing military alliances and getting more involved in regional affairs. Beijing also says foreigners are now more suspicious of China - and have increased \"interference and countering moves\" against it. Relations between China and the United States, particularly on military matters, have been strained over recent years. That tension eased slightly following Chinese President Hu Jintao's state visit to the United States earlier this year. But the potential for disagreement remains high. \"We admit that our military ties continue to face difficulties and challenges,\" said Col Geng Yansheng, spokesman for the Ministry of Defence, at a press conference to launch the white paper. No issue threatens the relationship more than US support for Taiwan, a self-governing island off China's eastern coast that Beijing considers its own. \"The United States continues to sell weapons to Taiwan, severely impeding Sino-US relations,\" says the white paper. Col Geng made it clear that the two countries must respect each other's core interests. For China, that includes Taiwan. \"China is willing to work with the US, based on respect, trust, equality and mutual benefits,\" he said. The United States and some of China's neighbours occasionally express their concerns about the ultimate aim of Beijing's military modernisation. But the white paper reiterates that no one has anything to fear. It says China's armed forced, known as the People's Liberation Army, are there purely to defend the country. China, it says, has a strategy of \"attacking only after being attacked\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"It comes after the pandemic has strained many producers and forced the US to scramble for medical gear. The initial review is focused on computer chips, pharmaceuticals, rare earth minerals and large batteries, such as those used in electric cars. China is a key supplier for many of those items. US officials said the review was not targeted at China, which like the US imports most of its computer chips and has been trying to boost domestic production. They said the administration was interested in increasing some production in the US and expected to work with other countries for items that could not be made domestically. Reliance on \"strategic competitor nations\" is expected to be part of the analysis, they added. \"While we cannot predict what crisis will hit us, we should have the capacity to respond quickly in the face of challenges,\" the White House said in a statement announcing the study, which will start with a 100-day focused review, before widening its scope. \"The United States must ensure that production shortages, trade disruptions, natural disasters and potential actions by foreign competitors and adversaries never leave the United States vulnerable again.\" Under pressure The president, who will formally sign the executive order on Wednesday, has come under pressure as firms such as General Motors and Ford have cut production and announced lay-offs due to the shortage of chips - key components for many electronic products, which have been in high demand due to the pandemic. Republicans have also pushed Mr Biden to do more to address reliance on China, while business and technology lobby groups have also called on the administration to introduce investment tax credits to encourage the building of more US semiconductor manufacturing plants, where the chips are produced. \"While the governments of our global competitors have invested heavily to attract new semiconductor manufacturing and research facilities, the absence of US incentives has made our country uncompetitive and America's share of global semiconductor manufacturing has steadily declined,\" the groups wrote in a recent letter, signed by the US Chamber of Commerce, the Semiconductor Industry Association and the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, among others. \"To be competitive and strengthen the resilience of critical supply chains, we believe the US needs to incentivize the construction of new and modernized semiconductor manufacturing facilities and invest in research capabilities.\" US semiconductor firms currently account for 47% of global chip sales, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association. However, just 12% of chips are made in the US, down from 37% in 1990. Under former President Donald Trump, the US adopted a protectionist approach, increasing border taxes and in some cases forbidding US firms from doing business with Chinese competitors in an effort to boost US producers. Amid the changes, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC), the world's largest contract chipmaker, last May announced plans to build a $12bn (£8.5bn) factory in the US."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Nyall Brown, 19, from Cromer, died in May 2018. Norfolk coroner Jacqueline Lake said she had concerns over staff not reviewing his care records before appointments, which would have enabled more accurate assessments. The Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust said it was \"introducing learning sessions\" focusing on preparation. Ms Lake has written a Prevention of Future Deaths report to the trust, asking it to take action to protect others. Couple's hopes after teen son's suicide \"This is a matter which has been raised with the trust previously,\" she said. \"Staff are expected to read previous records relating to a service user, but this is not always happening.\" She added: \"Evidence was heard that Mr Brown's care records were not reviewed prior to his being seen, which would enable Mr Brown's full history and risks to be taken into account when assessing him.\" NSFT is the only mental health trust to have been put in special measures, and in November was rated 'inadequate' for a third time. Mr Brown's parents Tracey and Mearl have been critical of the service, describing their dealings with the trust as \"inadequate, poor and shocking\". They first sought help after their son attempted to take his own life in January, but at one point were advised to seek private medical help. Diane Hull, chief nurse at NSFT, said a detailed review had been conducted into the events leading to Mr Brown's death, and was being acted upon. \"This includes looking at the interface between wellbeing and secondary mental health services and our crisis teams, and strengthening clinical leadership,\" she said. \"In addition, we are introducing learning sessions which focus on documentation, communication and the importance of preparation ahead of appointments.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Corey Junior Davis, 14, was killed in Newham, east London, in September 2017, despite his mother warning social services he was at risk. A snap Ofsted inspection found social work had \"deteriorated significantly\" in the borough since 2014. Newham Council said an improvement plan was in place. Corey was treated like a criminal when he told authorities he felt unsafe, his mother previously said. A serious case review found the teenager had been groomed by gangs from the age of 13. 'Inadequate' The Ofsted report published on Monday found young people at risk of exploitation were \"not always effectively identified, and protective action [was] not consistently instigated to safeguard children\". Inspectors said there were examples where police started interviews with children without a social worker present, which meant some young people had to relive distressing experiences. Case loads were also found to be \"too high in several teams to enable good social work\". Since the department was rated as \"requiring improvement\" in a 2014 inspection, there \"has been a lack of child focus by leaders,\" the report states. \"[This] means that the standard of social work practice in Newham has deteriorated significantly.\" The latest report rated the service \"inadequate\". Speaking to the Local Democracy Reporting Service, Corey's mother Keisha McLeod said she was \"not surprised\" by the rating. She said: \"My experience was that there was some people there who just did not seem to care. I always felt like I was fighting an uphill battle for my son. \"I could tell they were overworked but we were made to feel like a nuisance when we were asking for help. \"I hope this Ofsted report forces changes so other families do not have to go through what we have.\" Newham Council said it had already started addressing the points made in the report. Fran Pearson, chair of Newham Safeguarding Children Board, said: \"As safeguarding partners we take some comfort in that the Ofsted inspectors identified no systemic failures in child protection and safeguarding, which is our main priority.\" Newham's mayor Rokhsana Fiaz, who was elected in May 2018, apologised \"unreservedly\" for the failings, adding: \"It's clear that services have not been good enough.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"Sickle Cell has taken the lives of two of our children. We have lost two girls. One of our daughters, the eldest, is living with it. And that has impacted us so much that we live with fear because of the outcome of having sickle cell. \"We know that some people will live up to a certain age but every now and then she is in crisis and we know when the child is in crisis it affects her organs.\" London and Freetown 'like gold and cowry shells' \"Every time this child falls ill, we just think that this might be the day. And for the life-threatening episodes we have gone through every time she is sick or in a crisis, it is like this is and that is not a good thing for any parent to go through\". Ms Nyandemo, who lives in the British capital, London, says that her daughter is getting far better treatment than what is available to people with sickle cell in her native Sierra Leone: \"It is like comparing gold and cowry shells. In England, she is always on the antibiotics. She has to take it for the rest of her life with folic acids [used to boost red blood cells] which has helped a lot and I thank God. She has not been that patient that needs blood transfusion every now and then so we are grateful.\" \"But it still doesn't have a big impact because when she is ill, my heart stops because I have to go straight away to be around her because she is a single parent.\" Misdiagnosed \"In Sierra Leone, I will tell you, there is nothing there for sickle cell sufferers. Our labs are not equipped to diagnose the disease. We have only one lab in Sierra Leone which is in Freetown [ the capital] at the Cottage Hospital, to diagnose sickle cell. \"Freetown is not Sierra Leone. It goes beyond that. Just imagine living with sickle cell and there are no doctors and or no oxygen in the hospitals. \"They also misdiagnose sickle cell for malaria so a lot of our children and loved ones are dying without being properly diagnosed\". 'It gives me joy' The new treatment was offered to a French teenager who has sickle cell disease. Doctors altered the teenager's DNA in his bone marrow and 15 months on he has none of the symptoms and is no longer on any medication. Ms Nyandemo says the development gives her hope: \"It gives joy and gives me hope that one day it will happen to our children. At last we are going to get relief. At last there is hope.\" However, BBC Health Correspondent James Gallagher says that the gene therapy is an expensive procedure that can only be carried out in cutting-edge hospitals and laboratories, which is out of reach for many in Africa, where most of those affected live. What is sickle cell disease?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Mark DoyleBBC International Development Correspondent, Freetown Ten years after the end of the civil war here, a construction boom is under way. The Bumbuna dam is one of the biggest recent projects. But the economy is so run down by decades of war and corruption that it will take many more years, if at all, before the boom benefits most of the population. When I stood on top of the Bumbuna dam, I felt like I had lived through a part of Sierra Leone's history. The last time I was at Bumbuna, in the late 1990s, government soldiers and rebels infested the surrounding forests, fighting for their lives in the civil war. The dam was a mere pipedream back then - a ghost project conceived in the 1980s. But now, electricity is being produced; I had a reassuringly warm feeling, standing high up on the dam, that progress had been made. However - to be more objective - such is the decrepit state of Sierra Leone's national grid - power lines and substations - that it cannot cope with all of the 50 megawatts the whirling new turbines can supply. \"We concentrated our efforts on power generation,\" said Abdul Jallow, a senior government official working on the dam. \"And we perhaps took our eye off the transmission lines issue. That's now being addressed.\" Impressive figures But new power lines will take a considerable time to complete. Just imagine the expense and disruption of renewing the sockets and circuit boards in your own home; in Sierra Leone, the whole country needs rewiring. There are many other projects under way. A stone crushing plant just outside the capital, Freetown, spews clouds of smoke and dust into the surrounding mountains as it creates great mounds of ballast for building works. Major roads are being rebuilt in Freetown and between regional towns. Two big iron ore mining projects have recently begun; a new railway and graded haul roads are used to shift ore to port facilities on a creek north of Freetown. Sierra Leone has never seen anything like this level of economic activity. But the permanent jobs created by these projects number just a few tens of thousands; the population of Sierra Leone is six million. The urbane Finance Minister, Samura Kamara, talks up the achievements of recent years. \"Donor countries used to contribute about 60 or 70% of our national government budget,\" he told me in his gloriously untidy office stacked with mounds of unfiled papers. \"Now it's down to about 40% - we finance the rest ourselves.\" These figures are impressive. So is the treasury building where Mr Kamara has his office. The treasury was burnt down during a coup in 1997 and it stood for many years as a blackened symbol of violence and despair. Now it is rebuilt as a handsome, cream-coloured block, in the colonial style, that puts most of the other buildings in Freetown to shame. But there is still so much wrong with Sierra Leone - so much still to fix. No hotels? The country may have clawed its way up a few rankings in the anti-corruption indices of Transparency International. But everyone here knows that the former anti-corruption tsar, Abdul Tejan Cole, was forced out of office a few years ago before he could nail the handful of ministers he had in his sights. I tested some of my criticisms on the finance minister. \"Why isn't there yet a single hotel of international standard for tourists - when you have some of the most beautiful beaches - and most hospitable people - in the world?\" I asked him. The irrepressible Mr Kamara shot back: \"Hilton and another group are about to start work on two sites.\" I've been reporting from Sierra Leone for more than 15 years. I have never seen such a dynamic economic environment as today. During the war years, virtually the only decent cars you would see on the streets here would belong to a foreign aid agency or a diplomat. Now, most of the shiny four-wheel drives belong to extraction companies such as London Mining or African Minerals. There has been obvious progress in the infrastructure. But it is equally obvious that this country's potential is nowhere near being met. Youth unemployment is rife. A few days ago I went to one of Freetown's slum areas with a dynamic community nurse who works for a UK-based charity. Aminata Ngegbai was looking for pregnant teenagers to save them from the dreadful curse of fistula. Fistula occurs when there in no antenatal care and a woman's birth canal is torn in childbirth. It causes incontinence - and often death. There is no excuse for this kind of deadly childbirth affliction to exist in the modern world - a world that Sierra Leone aspires to join. Yes, there has been much progress in Sierra Leone in the 10 years since the end of the war. But not nearly enough."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"For much of my life sub-Sahara Africa was a byword for military coups, disasters, famines and a host of negative news stories about hopes and aspirations squandered. So it has not only been a great relief but a joy to see the pendulum swing the other way as Afro-pessimism has turned into Afro-optimism over the last decade. I should be jumping for joy with each new set of figures that is published extolling the continent's great leaps and successes. But alas it is that constant flow of good news that has been worrying me of late. Although each day brings new data showing rising income levels, a reduction in poverty, improved numbers of children in education and so forth, I have for some time had a fear that this new euphoria was crowding out what is still the reality for many if not most Africans. I have discussed my unease with several people and even tried to raise the topic at several forums, but the general response has been to brush my concerns aside. Instead I have been urged to join in the celebrations, after all, some say, we may never see the continent portrayed in such glowing terms again. I was in the Moroccan city of Marrakech recently to attend the annual meeting of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the continent's biggest development financial institution. 'Diaspora returning' As I settled down to listen to the opening ceremony speeches, I had no reason to believe I would be listening to anything but another roll-call of achievements. But then AfDB President Donald Kaberuka took to the stage. Having sat through many a speech, it is not often that one makes my head turn. This was different. Here was someone speaking to the very concerns and fears I have had as he reviewed the state of the continent. Of course, there was much to celebrate, including impressive growth figures that saw Africa's average annual income cross the $1,000 (£640) mark; life expectancy up from 40 to 60 years of age; more children in school than at any time in history; seven out of 10 Africans own a mobile and four-fifths of the continent's people live in countries where there is peace, stability and strong economic growth. What is more - Africa's young talent in the diaspora is returning in large numbers. But there is, to quote him directly, \"a painful reality which demands our undivided attention\". He went on to mention that although the economies are growing, the rate of growth is still lower than needed, given that the population is also rising. We have booming cities, skyscrapers, but also millions of destitute people eking out a living in teeming slums and shanty towns. He also spoke of a growing middle class yet peasants are still using hoes. But even more sobering, he noted, was that 52 million children were out of primary and secondary school. Reality checks do not come starker than this. And I for one was heartened that a leader of one of the continent's biggest institutions was urging us to halt the celebration parties. Much of Africa's recent growth has been powered by the extraction and sales of natural resources. As we walked out of the closing ceremony, a Kenyan friend turned to me and said: \"The way we have been boasting, you would think we are now Australia or Canada and yet these two giants just get on with it.\" In 2010 alone, forests, minerals metals, and energy generated 11.5% of the country's gross domestic product, or 142.5bn Canadian dollars ($139.8bn, £89.7bn), and directly employed more than 700,000 people. The figures from Australia are just as impressive. While we must be proud and celebrate the recent gains and achievements in Africa, particularly as they have been a long time coming, it is too soon to dwell on these gains when there is still so much to do just to get the basics to our fellow citizens. There is no doubt this is Africa's hour and there is no turning back, but it would be good if the party invitation could be extended to all citizens. If you would like to comment on Joel Kibazo's latest column, please use the form below."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 40MW park will be built on land at Woodington Farm, near Romsey, which surrounds Hive Energy's head office. Test Valley Borough Council granted permission for the park for 25 years subject to a number of conditions, including the restoration of the site to its original state. The project will be built next summer, Hive Energy said. The 72-hectare (178-acre) park is expected to supply energy to about 9,100 homes. Its closeness to Hive Energy's head office will allow the latest solar and storage technologies to be tested, the firm said. \"A biodiversity management plan will be put in place for the 25 year life-span of the solar park,\" it added. \"This will see the development of conservation areas within the site alongside sheep grazing, wildflower seeding and the planting of new trees and hedgerows to encourage birds, bats and insects.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The agreement follows negotiations between the rebel group Jaish al-Islam, civic leaders and Russia. The wounded will be taken to Idlib, which is still in rebel hands. Talks are continuing to spare Douma from a military offensive by the Syrian army and its allies, who currently surround it. What do we know about the deal? The rebels in Douma have denied they are negotiating an evacuation deal for the tens of thousands of civilians still living there. However, the wounded will be allowed to leave under an agreement made with the Russian military late on Saturday, Reuters news agency says. The rebels hope the talks will secure them the right to remain in Douma under Moscow's protection. How many people have already left the Eastern Ghouta? After six weeks of bombardment, thousands of rebels withdrew to the northern town of Idlib under a safe passage agreement. The Syrian army has urged those still holding out in Douma to leave or face a full-scale offensive. Tens of thousands of people have now left the suburbs east of Syria's capital, Damascus, which were once home to almost two million. The Syrian army offers defeated rebels a choice between switching sides, or giving up their guns and relocating to government-controlled zones. In a televised statement on Saturday, a military spokesman said the army had brought security to the capital, and safeguarded its links to the rest of the country. How has the stand-off played out? The Eastern Ghouta has been besieged by the Syrian government since 2013. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres described conditions there as \"hell on earth\". Residents suffered intense bombardment by Russian-backed Syrian government forces in recent weeks. Food, fuel and medical stocks are low, and the relentless air strikes have driven many to seek shelter underground, where they are largely without sanitation. The rebels have accused the government-backed forces of using napalm, chlorine and incendiary bombs against civilian areas. UN war crimes experts are investigating several reports of rockets allegedly containing chlorine being fired this year. The Ghouta assault has left more than 1,600 civilians dead and thousands more wounded, according to the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Syria's military says it is trying to liberate the Eastern Ghouta from those it terms terrorists, and end their rocket attacks on the capital. The rebels have fired their own shells at government-controlled areas of Damascus, causing dozens of casualties. In January the Observatory said at least 60 people had been killed due to rebel bombardment since mid-November 2017. Earlier in March Syrian state media said at least 35 civilians had been killed in a rocket attack on a busy market."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said a number of homes were hit overnight in Maarshurin, in the province of Idlib. Thirteen of the dead were members of the same family, it added. Activists believe the raid was carried out by Russian or Syrian government warplanes. Russia said its jets were not flying in the area at the time. Idlib has been designated a \"de-escalation zone\" by Russia and Iran, the government's main allies, along with Turkey, which supports the opposition. But government forces last week launched an offensive to try to retake the province, reportedly attacking rebel-held towns in southern Idlib and the neighbouring Hama countryside. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which monitors the civil war through a network of sources, said the air raids on Maarshurin took place after midnight. The monitoring group said seven children were among the 19 people killed and that more than 25 people were wounded, six of whom were in critical condition. The Syria Civil Defence, whose rescue workers are known as the White Helmets, said it was still searching for other victims in the rubble of the destroyed houses. It believed they were struck by missiles fired by Russian warplanes. However, the Russian defence ministry later issued a statement saying its planes \"did not carry out flights in that area\", according to the RIA news agency. There was no immediate comment from the Syrian military. AFP news agency reports that Maarshurin is jointly controlled by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, a jihadist alliance dominated by al-Qaeda's former affiliate in Syria, which is not covered by the deal that established the Idlib de-escalation zone. On Sunday, the nearby town of Khan Sheikhoun was hit by what the Syria Civil Defence called \"incendiary and vacuum rockets\". Ten civilians, all of them women and children, were killed, it said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Arseniy Yatsenyuk told the UN General Assembly that Russian troops were still operating in eastern Ukraine. Earlier, US President Barack Obama said sanctions could be lifted if Russia supported a ceasefire between Ukraine and separatist rebels in the east. Russia denies arming the rebels and sending Russian troops to Ukraine. Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimea southern peninsula in March - a move condemned by Ukraine and the West. The European Union and the United States later imposed sanctions against Russia over its role in the Ukraine conflict. UN officials say 3,245 people have been killed since fighting between Ukrainian troops and pro-Russia separatists began in April. A shaky ceasefire has held since 5 September, and the two sides have since agreed to set up a 30km (19 miles) buffer zone. \"We ask our partners not to lift sanctions until Ukraine takes control of its entire territory,\" Mr Yatsenyuk said. \"Crimea was, is and will be a part of Ukraine.\" \"Russian troops are deployed in the east of Ukraine,\" he said. \"We urge Russia to pull back its forces... and to start real talks.\" \"Every day, despite the ceasefire, we are losing Ukrainian soldiers, we are losing civilians.\" He told Russia: \"You can win the fight against the troops, but you will never win the fight against the... united Ukraine nation.\" Earlier, Mr Obama criticised Russian actions in Ukraine, but said that if Russia took the path of peace, \"then we will lift our sanctions and welcome Russia's role in addressing common challenges\". On Wednesday, Nato said it observed a \"significant\" withdrawal of Russian troops from eastern Ukraine, but added that some forces still remained there. Minsk memorandum on ceasefire: Key points"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Northamptonshire Police said a 23-year-old man and a 35-year-old man from Birmingham were detained in the early hours. Officers responded to a report of suspicious activity near Welford and stopped a vehicle on the A14. The stopped vehicle was seized by officers and will undergo forensic examination. Northamptonshire has been hit by several incidents of sheep and lambs being slaughtered and butchered in recent months. At least 143 sheep have been illegally killed in Northamptonshire since the start of the year. Police launched an investigation called Operation Stock, and used night drone patrols alongside extra ground patrols. A Hampshire man arrested in connection with the illegal butchering remains released while inquiries continue. While, a Coventry man arrested on suspicion of theft and criminal damage remains on police bail pending further inquiries."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"John Kirkham, 66, of Sowerby Road, Preston, pleaded guilty to theft. His sentence was suspended for 12 months. James Hesketh, 22, of Longridge, was also found guilty of handling stolen goods and received a community order. They were caught by police using DNA to match the stolen sheep with the rest of the flock on the farm in Chipping. The stolen sheep, which belonged to farmer Robin Dean, were found on a farm in Durham five days after the theft when a neighbouring farmer became suspicious and contacted police. Police said it was the first time this technology has been used in a sheep rustling case. Det Con Elaine Smalley said: \"This has been a long and complicated investigation which involved two men who were from the farming community. \"Crimes such as this have a hugely damaging impact on rural communities. \"Not only is there a financial burden for farmers but sheep are their livelihood and a great deal of time and effort goes into farming all year round. \"To have that snatched away by greed is devastating.\" As well as the 12-month community order, Hesketh, of Wheatsheaf Avenue, was ordered to do 80 hours unpaid work."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Class A drugs, birthday cake, beer, a DJ and disco lights were found by officers in a venue on Erdington High Street, Birmingham, on Thursday. West Midlands Police said they were tipped off by a member of the public who had noticed taxis bringing guests. The suspected organiser was arrested after refusing to give their details to officers. Police said the organiser could face a fine of £10,000 under coronavirus legislation. 'Flashing lights and music' Police also attended a flat in Kings Norton at about 00:30 GMT on Saturday after reports a party was being streamed live on Instagram. Officers spotted flashing lights and heard music coming from inside the property. The lights went out while they waited and a woman came to the door in a dressing gown. After being questioned as to why \"she was wearing jewellery and fake lashes to bed\", officers said the woman showed them into the flat. Some guests were allowed to leave, but three people were arrested in connection with assaults on two officers. Assistant Chief Constable Chris Todd said officers \"don't get any enjoyment out of spoiling people's fun\" and were simply trying to keep members of the public safe and reduce the spread of the virus. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected] Related Internet Links West Midlands Police"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Stone, 66, appeared in court in the city of Fort Lauderdale. The indictment includes one count of obstruction of an official proceeding, five counts of false statements, and one count of witness-tampering. The charges are linked to an alleged Russian-led hack into the emails of Democratic Party officials. The information contained in the emails was released by Wikileaks during the 2016 US presidential election campaign. CNN reports that FBI agents arrested Mr Stone in a pre-dawn raid on Friday. One pounded on the door and said, \"FBI, open the door,\" the US cable network says. After news of his old friend's arrest, President Donald Trump slammed the Russia investigation once again on Twitter, calling it the \"Greatest Witch Hunt in the History of our Country!\" What exactly is Stone charged with? The special counsel has accused Mr Stone of attempting to obstruct the investigation into Russian meddling by: The indictment does not say Mr Stone committed any criminal activity during the election. How did Roger Stone respond? He was released on a $250,000 (£189,000) bond, but with restrictions allowing him to travel only for court appearances in Florida, Washington DC and New York. After his court appearance, Mr Stone spoke on the phone to conspiracy theorist Alex Jones on his radio programme Infowars. \"I intend to fight for my life,\" Mr Stone said as he launched a fundraiser for his legal battle. \"There's no circumstance under which I would plead guilty to these charges. \"There's no circumstance under which I would bear false witness to the president.\" He added: \"Once again, there is no evidence of Russian collusion, Wikileaks collaboration and I'm not charged with doing anything inappropriate or illegal to assist in his [Mr Trump's] election.\" Mr Stone then emerged from court grinning broadly while flashing a Nixonian double V-sign and wearing a blue Ralph Lauren polo shirt. He maintained his innocence though was at times inaudible because of loud boos and chants of \"Lock him up!\" Mr Stone said he would formally plead not guilty to the charges in a Washington DC court next week. He declared himself the target of \"a politically motivated investigation\" and criticised the manner of his arrest. \"At the crack of dawn, 29 FBI agents arrived at my home with 17 vehicles with lights flashing. They terrorised my wife [and] my dogs.\" What links Stone to the email hack? Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign chairman John Podesta, who was targeted in the email hack, accused Mr Stone of knowing about it beforehand. More than a month before the emails were made public, Mr Stone tweeted it would soon be Mr Podesta's \"time in a barrel\", which critics say indicates he already knew about the hack. Mr Stone has denied having advance knowledge of the cyber-breach and any knowing contact with Russian agents. On Friday, Mr Podesta referenced the cryptic tweet in a post about Mr Stone's indictment, noting it was \"Roger's time in the barrel\". According to investigators, Mr Stone said he had \"communicated\" with Wikileaks founder Julian Assange before the emails' release and had described the contact as \"perfectly legal\". The indictment accuses the lobbyist of lying to the House Intelligence Committee about what passed between him and Wikileaks, and of falsely claiming not to have records of it. Mr Stone is said to have spoken to senior Trump campaign officials - who are not identified - about \"organization 1\" [believed to be Wikileaks] \"and information it might have had that would be damaging to the Clinton Campaign\". Prosecutors say Mr Stone was also contacted by unnamed \"senior Trump campaign officials\" to inquire about future Wikileaks releases. They also allege he made false statements about his communications with conservative writer and conspiracy theorist Jerome Corsi regarding the Wikileaks email leak. The indictment points to conversations about the planned Wikileaks release to the public between Mr Stone and \"Person 1\" and \"Person 2\", who are not identified by name. Lawyers for Mr Corsi confirmed he is \"Person 1\" in the indictment on Friday, adding that they believe he is not accused of any wrongdoing in the Mueller investigation. His campaign activities have long been under scrutiny by Special Counsel Robert Mueller, who is investigating allegations of collusion between Russia and the Trump campaign. In 2016, US intelligence agencies concluded that Russia had tried to turn the election in Mr Trump's favour through state-sponsored cyber-attacks and fake news stories spread on social media. The Mueller investigation has also focused on Mr Stone's communications with Twitter persona Guccifer 2.0, which US intelligence officials say is a front for Russian military intelligence. Mr Trump has repeatedly assailed the Mueller inquiry. The Kremlin has always denied meddling in the US election. The president's counsel, Jay Sekulow, said: \"The indictment today does not allege Russian collusion by Roger Stone or anyone else. Rather the indictment focuses on alleged false statements made to Congress\". Tom Perez, chair of the Democratic National Committee, accused the Trump campaign of being \"a willing and active participant in a conspiracy with Russia and Wikileaks\" in a statement. Mr Perez added that \"there are more conspirators yet to be held accountable - and at least one of them is named Donald Trump\". Mr Stone has repeatedly said in interviews that he expected to be indicted. In May he told NBC's Meet the Press: \"It is not inconceivable now that Mr Mueller and his team may seek to conjure up some extraneous crime pertaining to my business, or maybe not even pertaining to the 2016 election.\" The missing link Through past indictments Robert Mueller has been building the case that Russians were behind the hacking of senior Democratic and Hillary Clinton campaign officials. He alleges they then used Wikileaks to inject damaging information they garnered into the US political bloodstream at a time most harmful to Democrats. What the special counsel's office had yet to allege is that there were any ties between Wikileaks and the Donald Trump presidential campaign. On Friday Mr Mueller charged long-time Trump adviser and confidant Roger Stone with being that missing link, citing communications between Mr Stone and \"senior\" Trump campaign officials before and after the Wikileaks documents were released. The move marks a significant development in this nearly two-year legal drama. For the first time a member of Mr Trump's inner circle, albeit an informal one, is facing charges directly related to Russian election meddling - the central thrust of the special counsel's investigation. Mr Stone has denied suggestions of criminal misconduct. But the man who has boasted of being a master of the political dark arts, and who seemed to crave the notoriety that went along with such claims, now finds himself directly in the centre of a withering legal spotlight. Who's been charged in the Mueller probe? Mr Stone is the 34th person to be charged as part of the Mueller investigation. Those indicted include 12 Russian military officers and 13 Russian nationals accused of leading a campaign to interfere in the US election. Another three Russian entities, including the Internet Research Agency \"troll farm\", have also been charged. Several people connected directly with Mr Trump have been indicted, including his former national security adviser Michael Flynn, and Paul Manafort, the former chairman of his election campaign, who is in jail. Mr Trump's former personal lawyer Michael Cohen and former campaign adviser George Papadopoulos have also been charged. Who is Roger Stone? An old friend of Donald Trump, Roger Stone has worked on Republican political campaigns since the 1970s. A self-proclaimed Republican \"dirty trickster\", he favours three-piece suits and reportedly does not wear socks. He began his career working on Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election bid, and has a tattoo of the 37th president across his shoulder blades. Mr Stone became embroiled in the Watergate scandal after congressional hearings revealed that he hired an operative to infiltrate the campaign of George McGovern, Mr Nixon's Democratic opponent. He went on to work for Ronald Reagan's successful presidential campaigns in 1980 and 1984, and advised George HW Bush in his bid for the White House in 1988. Mr Stone published a book, The Making of the President 2016, after helping Mr Trump to power."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"He told Fox News the Democrats were putting out the reports because they were embarrassed at the scale of the election defeat. On Friday, CIA officials told US media they had concluded that Russians hackers were trying to help Mr Trump. Russian officials have repeatedly denied the hacking accusations. Mr Trump said it might have been Russia but it was impossible to know. \"They have no idea if it's Russia or China or somebody sitting in a bed some place,\" he said. President Barack Obama has ordered a complete review of the hacks, which targeted emails at the Democratic Party and the emails of a key aide to presidential nominee Hillary Clinton. The contents of the emails, passed to Wikileaks and posted online, were embarrassing to the Democrats and shook up the presidential campaign. Senior Republicans have now joined Democrats in calling for a full investigation. Republican Senator John McCain, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said in a joint statement on Sunday with top Democrats that the CIA's report \"should alarm every American\". He said in an interview that the congressional investigation should be more thorough than the one ordered by the White House. In October, US government officials pointed the finger at Russia, accusing it of meddling in the campaign to undermine the electoral process. But on Friday, the intelligence community went further when US media reports said the CIA had \"high confidence\" that Russians were trying to influence the election in Mr Trump's favour. Russians had hacked the Republican party but chose not to reveal the contents of what they found, the reports said. But Mr Trump told Fox News Sunday: \"I think it's ridiculous. I think it's just another excuse. I don't believe it.\" He said the Democrats were behind the news reports, not the CIA, because they suffered such a big defeat. While backing the Obama review, the president-elect warned that it should not pin the blame solely on Russia but on other countries or individuals too. Republican party spokesman Sean Spicer said the party had not been hacked and the intelligence report was wrong. Mr Trump also said in the interview he did not need daily intelligence briefings. \"I'm a smart person, I don't need to be told the same thing in the same way for eight years.\" Elsewhere in the interview, he said: Mr Trump, an outsider who stunned the political world by beating Hillary Clinton in last month's election, will assume office on 20 January. More on Trump and Russia Why Trump strikes a chord with Russians Russia's Putin calls Trump 'a clever man' Are there any Trump links to Putin?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police have launched a criminal investigation into the leak of diplomatic emails from the UK ambassador in the US, Sir Kim Darroch. Metropolitan Police Assistant Commissioner Neil Basu said publishing the emails could be a criminal offence. Editors criticised an earlier statement warning against further publication. Following the backlash, Mr Basu said police \"respect the rights of the media and has no intention of seeking to prevent editors from publishing stories in the public interest in a liberal democracy\". However, he added: \"We have also been told the publication of these specific documents, now knowing they may be a breach of the OSA [Official Secrets Act], could also constitute a criminal offence and one that carries no public interest defence. \"We know these documents, and potentially others, remain in circulation.\" The government has already opened an internal inquiry into the publication of the memos, which saw the US ambassador refer to the Trump administration as \"clumsy and inept\". The emails prompted a furious reaction from US president Donald Trump, who branded Sir Kim \"a very stupid guy\" and said he would no longer deal with him. Sir Kim stepped down as US ambassador on Wednesday, saying it was \"impossible\" for him to continue. 'Ill-advised' A criminal investigation into the leak was launched on Friday by the Met Police Counter Terrorism Command, which takes national responsibility for investigating allegations of criminal breaches of the Official Secrets Act. Mr Basu said he was satisfied the leak had damaged UK international relations and added that there was a \"clear public interest\" in bringing those responsible to justice. He faced criticism, however, after he advised individuals and the media not to publish leaked government documents and to instead hand them over to the police or return them to their rightful owner. Evening Standard editor George Osborne described the Met statement as \"stupid\" and \"ill-advised\". Sunday Times political editor Tim Shipman branded it \"sinister\" and \"anti-democratic\". \"Do you have any comprehension of a free society? This isn't Russia,\" he tweeted. Mr Basu issued a further statement on Saturday afternoon saying he had received legal advice that led to the Met initiating an investigation into the documents as a potential breach of the Official Secrets Act (OSA). \"We have a duty to prevent as well as detect crime and the previous statement was intended to alert to the risk of breaching the OSA,\" he said. What is the Official Secrets Act? The Official Secrets Acts say a person can be guilty of an offence if they make a \"damaging disclosure of any information or document\" relating to security or intelligence of which they are in possession. A person does not have to officially \"sign\" the Official Secrets Act to be bound by it. The 1989 Act says a person can simply be \"notified\" that it applies to them - for example, in a government employee's contract. The law is strictest for those working for the security and intelligence services, past and present. Any unauthorised disclosure - under any circumstances - is a criminal offence. Prosecutions under the Official Secrets Act aren't very common - about one a year - according to the House of the Commons Library. But over the years, there have been some high-profile cases. In 2002, MI5 agent David Shayler was jailed for six months for giving details of MI5 operations to the Mail on Sunday."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Graffiti on the figure and on one of Welsh national anthem composer James James on the Treforest Community Route, Pontypridd, was spotted on Tuesday. The figures pay tribute to famous sons of Pontypridd, and are in a picnic area off a walking and cycling track. Sustainable transport charity Sustrans, which owns and manages the site, said it was working with the council to rectify the situation. A spokesman said: \"Like local residents we are disappointed to see this vandalism.\" When the route opened in 2012, Sir Tom praised them for \"looking great and hopefully will be enjoyed by many\". The sculpture stands near to where Sir Tom grew up. The statue of James James, who co-wrote the Welsh national anthem, Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau, with his father Evan, was also vandalised. The statue of John Hughes, whose pottery shop in Treforest has made figures of iconic stars, including the 1970s rugby greats, was untouched."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The vandalism, which has been removed, was also on the pavement, a picnic table and a climbing frame in New Road park in Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Town councillor Sharone Parnes, who alerted police, said community members were \"really shocked\". He criticised Woodstock Town Council, which he said had \"not condemned\" the graffiti immediately. Warning: This story contains an offensive image The council and the mayor, Mathew Parkinson, have been contacted for comment. Mr Parnes said he submitted a question at a recent council meeting requesting the mayor to \"speak out\" and condemn the vandalism. \"It's disappointing that the council could not take a position and just say it's wrong. It seems straight forward,\" he said. \"It's quite hurtful.\" Mr Parnes said he thought the symbols had been there \"three or four days\" before being removed. \"At a playground you don't want to expose [children] to things like that,\" he said. Oxford Stand Up To Racism said it was \"shocking\" there were \"people in the area willing to spread such hate\". Pat Carmody, from the group, said: \"There is a rising tide of racism and such graffiti is an attempt to intimidate Black and Asian people in our community. \"We need unity against racists and fascists. We need to send a message to those spreading racist and fascist poison that they are not welcome.\" The graffiti was not far from Blenheim Palace, the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill, where life-size silhouettes of 200 soldiers have been set up to mark Remembrance Sunday."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The building in Bryncynon, in the south Wales valleys, has been targeted by vandals since it was last used in 2016. It was taken into Rhondda Cynon Taf council ownership and the Bryncynon Strategy charity will use it for activities including youth mentoring and lunch clubs for the elderly. A council report said the charity knew the challenges of deprivation locally. The community asset transfer is part of the council's RCT Together scheme of working with local volunteers, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service. It will allow the charity, based in a deprived area near Mountain Ash, to get funding to develop and refurbish the building. An action group has been set up to judge how to best use and promote the centre. The charity already runs a range of services in the community including its Growing Together Centre and The Feel Good Factory, which houses Taffy's Cafe."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Thompson told staff on Thursday that the £400m saving was necessary so that a \"reinvestment\" pool could be established. The BBC had previously announced it would have to cut its budget by 16% in order to meet the cost of the recent licence fee deal. It was agreed that the annual licence fee would be frozen until 2017. \"I believe we need the ability to reinvest as well. Sometimes to boost quality we need more money in certain parts of the BBC,\" Mr Thompson said. The cutbacks have also been made so the BBC can afford to pay for some other conditions of the license fee deal, such as funding of the World Service and BBC Monitoring. He said reinvesting the money saved would \"boost quality and editorial ambition and respond to new developments in the media\". He also ruled out closing any services or channels, saying \"the British public love the services they get. You say you want to close a service and its audience doubles\". Mr Thompson has asked staff to suggest ways they think the savings could be made. However the National Union of Journalists has condemned the additional cuts saying it will \"actively resist\" them."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The corporation has announced it needs to reduce spending by £6.2m by the end of next March. It blamed the move on \"ongoing financial challenges compounded by the effects of Covid-19\". BBC Scotland director Donalda MacKinnon told staff that although efficiencies had been identified, the headcount had to be reduced by about 60. The BBC said previous years of a stand-still licence fee had meant £800m of savings had to be found across the organisation over the first five years of its current charter. It said the impact of Covid-19 - where licence fee collection had gone down and commercial income had fallen - and the impact of paying the licence fees for those over 75, had resulted in a further savings target of £125m. Last week, director general Tony Hall announced a voluntary redundancy \"trawl\" across the whole of the BBC. The corporation said it hoped that many of its post closures would come via that route, although compulsory redundancies have not been ruled out. 'New challenges' \"BBC Scotland has been fortunate to attract significant investment in the last few years securing a new TV channel, increased network programming and the establishment of a design and engineering hub,\" said Ms MacKinnon. \"That meant we were able to create an additional 250 jobs - but we aren't immune to the new financial challenges now facing many businesses up and down the country. \"Sadly that means that along with cost cutting measures throughout our departments, we estimate we will also have to lose around 60 posts to make the savings required.\" Michelle Stanistreet, general secretary of the National Union of Journalists (NUJ), said the BBC was at a \"pivotal point\" in its history. She said that at a time when the broadcaster had \"brilliantly risen to the challenge of a global pandemic\" it now faced losing \"experienced talented staff\". She called on the government to step in to fill in the funding gap alongside a wider debate about future funding of the BBC. 'Trusted source' Broadcasting union Bectu echoed the calls for the government to intervene. National secretary Noel McClean said the BBC had shown itself to be the \"most used and most trusted source of information for the nation\". He said that was down to the hard work of its members who would be \"devastated\" that jobs were at risk. The search for volunteers for redundancy will take place over the next six weeks and staff will hear when and where posts will close after that process. BBC Scotland currently employs more than 1,100 workers across the country, including at its headquarters at Pacific Quay in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Inverness and Aberdeen."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dave LeeNorth America technology reporter The chief executive of Tesla is, in a post-Steve-Jobs world, the stand-out visionary voice in Silicon Valley. There's no question about that. But with each product launch - or, in this case, a building launch - it seems he needs both more time and more money to realise his own ambitions. The more he achieves, the bigger the task, and budget, seems to get. During a typically scorching Tuesday afternoon in the Nevada desert, near Reno, Mr Musk told a group of journalists about his global manufacturing ambitions. We had just had a tour of the new Gigafactory, Tesla's $5bn (£3.8bn) 3,200-acre battery-manufacturing plant that has already begun production but will not be in full swing until about 2020. At that point, it will have the largest physical footprint of any building in the world. By making battery cells here, Mr Musk hopes he will be able to innovate faster and cut out about 30% of the cost. The factory is a tie-up with the company that already makes Tesla's cells, Panasonic. The Japanese company has invested just under $2bn in the plant (not, apparently, enough to get the company's name above the door, I noted). Panasonic's equipment, covered in tarpaulin - and not allowed to be photographed, like much of the building - would be raring to go in a matter of weeks, our guide said. Other machinery was being moved in block-by-block, though the company was not prepared to give up many secrets. On entering one room on the factory's second floor, our guide told us he was not allowed to tell us \"what this is or what it does\". Brainwaves In one section of the factory, Panasonic will work on its cells. When ready, they will be handed over to Tesla to continue the process. This will happen though a hole in the floor, as opposed to over the Pacific Ocean as it does today. But even as we were standing in the Gigafactory, marvelling at its scale, Mr Musk was telling us it was still not enough. He was not content with one Gigafactory. No. What he really needed was one \"in Europe, in India, in China... ultimately, wherever there is a huge amount of demand for the end product\". Gigafactory by the numbers \"Where the shipping costs start to become significant, the obvious way to combat that is to at least put a Gigafactory on the same continent.\" It is part of Mr Musk's nature to throw out lavish, expensive ideas in the same way people in the real world might discuss buying a new shirt or ordering a pay-per-view movie. Granted, Mr Musk has invested a lot of his own money into Tesla's endeavours. But it is investors who will bankroll his brainwaves - although Tesla has been helped, a little, by government subsidies around renewable energy. Next up for Tesla, according to Mr Musk's \"masterplan\", published last week, are electric buses and trucks. Oh, and easily installed solar-roofing, and energy storage for the public. Ah, and a fleet of self-driving Teslas in every city and town to compete with Uber. Asked on Tuesday how much his masterplan might cost to implement, Mr Musk replied: \"Tens of billions,\" with a shrug. More money than sense, then? Maybe. But it is perhaps unfair to say that, when you realise that a lot of what Mr Musk says makes perfect sense - he just needs more (and more) money to get there. Loyal investors The Gigafactory is not some lavish vanity project - it is a solid vision of the future of manufacturing, a way of making batteries quicker, without lugging materials across the Pacific Ocean. If all goes to plan, it will be 100% sustainable and able to contribute to making 500,000 electric cars a year, as well as other energy-storage technology that might actually end up being Tesla's real impact on the world. And the Gigafactory could bring perhaps as many as 10,000 jobs to the surrounding area. There are not many Silicon Valley companies doing that. It is Mr Musk's big thinking that lures in the cash he so desperately needs. But the sums need to add up quickly or his charm will wear off. When asked by the BBC if the masterplan publication and Gigafactory opening event had been timed to counteract potentially bad news coming from Tesla's financial results due next week, Mr Musk was unequivocal. \"The first time I thought about the earnings call is when you mentioned it,\" he said. Blackbird But he will know that his promise that Tesla would become profitable this year looks off the mark - and that even if Mr Musk's loyal investors have backed him to this point, they may be questioning when, or perhaps if, the returns will start coming in. And yet investors believe in Mr Musk because of the aura he has created. Imagine backing out now if he does end up changing the world. We have already seen Mr Musk diversify the way he raises money. In March, 325,000 people paid $1,000 each to pre-order the upcoming Model 3 car. The scheme was meant to raise money for production but to also prove interest. Though now the pressure is on to meet that demand. The refreshing Tesla approach is the opposite to that of the super-secretive Apple, but Mr Musk maintains he does not worry about other people stealing his ideas. Referencing the SR-71 Blackbird jet, \"probably the greatest plane ever\", Mr Musk said as long as you were the quickest, you would never lose a fight. And he is right - no Blackbird was ever lost to combat. But the thrilling, ground-breaking jet was retired by the US Air Force in 1998 - after it was decided the vast sums of money needed to keep it in service could be better spent elsewhere. Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC and on Facebook"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Felicity HannahWake up to Money, BBC Radio 5 live \"We're likely to see it really take off quite quickly,\" Joe Fitzsimons of the Institute of Directors told the BBC's Wake Up To Money programme. He's been investigating how firms are using tech to help staff based at home and in the office to work together. Companies are looking at alternatives to using services such as Zoom. \"I think there will be a snowball effect of the benefits being so clear that organisations come to terms with it and employ it as fast as they can,\" said Mr Fitzsimons. Zoom fatigue During the pandemic video conferencing services such as Zoom have seen a huge increase in use, with many workers forced to work from home. But now some companies are looking at alternative ways for colleagues to keep in touch. \"I was tired of just doing these things over Zoom,\" said Job Van Der Voort, the chief executive of international payroll company Remote. \"The way we use virtual reality (VR) is to replicate that feeling where you can hang out together. When you have an office you get a lot of things for free. \"You walk into the office, you see your colleagues, you can walk over to them and have a conversation with them. We lost this completely with not having an office.\" Zoe Clark, a partner at the PR firm Tyto agrees. They issued their staff with VR headsets just before Christmas, to bring back that sense of closeness. \"For meetings it can be great to get people together when you can't physically be together\" she said. \"We decided to have a go at playing around with virtual reality and seeing what it could do for our business at the midpoint of the pandemic, because obviously there was a really clear impact on us being able to meet up in person, everybody was totally remote. \"And we were really looking around for things that could make our staff feel a little bit more connected and just trying to inject a little bit more fun, really, in quite a tough year.\" Mr Van Der Voort added: \"You might think it's weird, you have an avatar, you have a headset on your head, [but] you actually get more of a sense of a presence rather than just sitting at your desk staring at Zoom.\" What is it like in a virtual reality meeting? The room is large and airy, filled with smaller huddles of people having a chat. If you stand in the middle of the room and turn around then you can hear different conversations. Now and then a burst of laughter causes everyone's heads to turn. People are dressed in smart clothes eating pizza and drinking from bottles. But none of it is real - not the food, not the drink and not the people. Instead, everyone there is in their own home, scattered across the globe and coming together using VR headsets and an app called Rec Room to chat and move around. They are using VR to meet their colleagues and have dressed their cartoon avatars as themselves, choosing and personalising their skin tone, hair and outfits. As they talk, their mouths and heads move, they can gesture with their hands and even dance. But although it is very different to a flat meeting through a screen, it is still a long way from meeting up in an office or at an event with real drinks, real pizza and real people. Virtual future While VR may work for socialising and chatting, it's not yet perfect for more formal meetings, said Mr Van Der Voort. \"There are some limitations still. For example, you can pull up some slides but it's much harder to do than just having a Zoom meeting. \"And you can't easily type because your hands are in the VR gloves. That actually makes having very serious meetings like that somewhat more difficult. \"We've had a few serious meetings in VR but most of them we use it as a way to bond with each other. And that is how it works best today - in a few years let's see.\" Tyto's Ms Clark said: \"I think it is definitely early days. We're really clear on meeting etiquette and how things work in a traditional business setting - it will take a little bit longer to get our VR meeting etiquette down so that we have a truly professional experience. \"But within your own teams I think definitely it creates a sense that you're out of your mundane flat interaction with a screen.\" You can hear more of these interviews by downloading the Wake Up To Money podcast."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Leo KelionTechnology desk editor It describes Project Alloy as being a \"merged reality\" device. One key advantage, Intel says, is that users will be able to see their own hands. It intends to offer the technology to other manufactures next year, but will not sell the headsets itself. The company is keen to avoid repeating the mistake it made with smartphones. The California-based company has previously acknowledged that it botched an opportunity to supply Apple with chips for its original iPhone. It subsequently lost out to rival ARM-based technology that now powers the vast majority of handsets. Project Alloy marks an opportunity to pitch its RealSense depth-sensing cameras, Replay graphics-creation software and other proprietary inventions to others before virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices - which superimpose graphics over a real-world view - go mainstream. Even so, it is far from being the only technology giant involved in the sector: Furthermore, AMD - a rival chipmaker to Intel - is developing an untethered headset of its own that mixes together AR and VR technologies. No cord or controller Intel's chief executive, Brian Krzanich, offered a first look at Project Alloy at his company's developer forum in San Francisco, where he suggested the technology could \"redefine what is possible with computing\". One of the benefits of its approach, he said, was that the headset's RealSense cameras could detect a user's finger movements and allow them to appear in a virtual world and manipulate simulated objects. \"Merged reality is about more natural ways of interacting with and manipulating virtual environments,\" he said in a blog later published on Medium. \"[That liberates] you from the controllers and the nunchucks of today's VR systems by immersing your hands - your real-life hands - into your simulated experiences.\" In an on-stage demonstration, the hands could be seen only if they were held near to the centre of the user's field of view. When Mr Krzanich's own face appeared within the VR world, it also became apparent that \"merged reality\" objects only appeared as low resolution graphics, at least for now. He added that the technology had benefits over rival systems that required a user to install external sensors in their room to detect their movements. And he suggested that going wireless would prevent an owner being \"jolted\" out of their experience because they had reached the limit of the cord used to transmit data from a PC or games console. However, he acknowledged that one trade-off would be that the computer involved would take slightly longer to respond to a user's actions - something that might concern gamers. Virtual advances Microsoft has pledged to support the headset in a forthcoming version of Windows 10. One expert said Project Alloy had promise, but it might only have limited appeal. \"Having a real-time rendition of your hands or other objects in VR could have appeal to enterprise applications, such as a surgeon training with a body diagram or a mechanic having graphics overlaid onto an engine part,\" said Ed Barton, from the technology consultancy Ovum. \"But when it comes to gaming, there hasn't been much clamour to be able to see your hands in real-time. \"Vive, for example, has addressed the issue with special controllers. It's not something that people have been crying out for.\" The unveiling of Project Alloy comes seven months after Intel disclosed some of its other VR and AR efforts. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, it showed off an augmented reality helmet for construction workers, made by the start-up Daqri, and a smartphone virtual reality accessory made by IonVR. Both incorporated its RealSense sensors."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Justin HarperBusiness reporter, BBC News Mr Yuan, who is also chief executive of the video-conferencing platform, moved roughly 40% of his stake in the company last week. The shares were shown as gifts to unspecified beneficiaries last week. Mr Yuan has seen his personal wealth rocket as Zoom became a household name during pandemic lockdowns. An increasing number of students and professionals connected online boosting the fortunes of Zoom and its founder. Mr Yuan started Zoom in 2011 and listed it on the US stock market in 2019, making him a billionaire. He is currently worth $13.7bn, according to Forbes. A Zoom spokesperson said the transfers were related to Mr Yuan's estate planning practices. \"The distributions were made in accordance with the terms of Eric Yuan and his wife's trusts.\" Zoom's shares have nearly tripled in the past 12 months and the company has a market valuation of around $100bn. \"Zoom founder Eric Yuan's decision to transfer more than a third of his stake will raise some eyebrows,\" Edward Moya, at trading firm Oanda, told the BBC. \"While a Zoom spokesperson noted that the transfer is consistent with the Yuans' typical estate planning practices, investors will be nervous until we find out who is the recipient of the stock,\" he added. \"Yuan is only 51, married and has three children, so the distribution of his wealth could be viewed as rushed.\" Here to stay Mr Yuan said working from home is here to stay even as lockdowns eased and vaccines are rolled out across the globe. During Zoom's annual results last week, Zoom executives said they expected strong growth to continue this year. \"The future is here with the rise of remote and work from anywhere change. We recognise this new reality, \" Mr Yuan said. The video conferencing company expects sales to rise more than 40% this year, reaching more than $3.7bn. However, Zoom said it did not expect growth to continue at the pace it enjoyed last year. Chinese-American Mr Yuan was named the 2020 Time Businessperson of the Year and was included in its annual list of the 100 most influential people."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The opening night concert is a reinterpretation of the nativity told from a mother's perspective. It is set on the US/Mexico border. The overall theme for the festival is \"New Worlds\", concentrating on work from America and Australasia. Mr Mills said the opening work by US composer John Adams would set the tone for the rest of the three-week programme. World premieres will include Caledonia by Scottish writer Alistair Beaton. It explores Scotland's attempt to turn itself into a colonial power by setting up a colony in Panama in the 1690s. The disastrous scheme to found a colony at Darien left Scotland considerably poorer and cost 2,000 lives. It is believed to have led to the 1707 Treaty of Union with England. Mr Mills said: \"It is a very Scottish story set in the midst of the greed and euphoria of the late 17th century. \"It has interesting parallels to our own times.\" Theatrical tour-de-force Elsewhere in the programme there is a staging of the opera Montezuma about the fall of the Aztec empire, which the festival director said had \"turned out to be fantastic\". Mr Mills said he could not wait to see a new version of Ernest Hemingway's novel The Sun Also Rises, by the avant-garde American theatre company Elevator Repair Service. He also highlighted dance show Agua, which was choreographed by \"Europe's most-beloved\" choreographer Pina Bausch, who died last year. Mr Mills said the show, which imagines a journey from Brazilian beach to rainforest and then back again, is \"humorous, witty yet virtuosic\". Gospel music group The Blind Boys of Alabama are to make their festival debut in Gospel at Colonus, which Mr Mills described as a \"mighty theatrical tour-de-force\". Also in the programme is American composer George Gershwin's Depression era opera Porgy and Bess, which has been updated in a multi-media production which will include a hip-hop and contemporary dance company. Peter Carey's 1981 novel Bliss will be the inspiration for a new Australian opera to be performed for the first time in Europe, by Opera Australia. Hidden gems include Teatro Cinema from Chile which combines film projection and live performance. Mr Mills said: \"It is theatre for a generation dedicated to the moving image. But it is absolutely a theatrical experience.\" The Edinburgh International Festival runs from 13 August to 5 September."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Director Bernardo Bertolucci will head the jury at the event, which runs from 28 August to 7 September. Twenty titles in all will compete for the festival's Golden Lion award. As previously announced, Alfonso Cuaron's Gravity, starring George Clooney and Sandra Bullock as astronauts, will open the event. Frears' film Philomena sees Dame Judi Dench and Steve Coogan tell the true story of a woman who searched for 50 years to find the child she was forced to give up. Gilliam's The Zero Theorem stars Christoph Waltz as a reclusive computer genius attempting to solve a mathematical equation that will determine whether life has meaning. Also in competition is Under the Skin, the first feature from Sexy Beast director Jonathan Glazer since 2004's Birth. Based on the novel by Michael Faber, it stars Scarlett Johansson as an alien who searches remote roads in Scotland to find human prey. Also on the line up is Child of God. Directed by and starring James Franco, it tells of a violent loner who lives in a cave in the mountains of Tennessee. Titles showing out of competition include Steven Knight's Locke, a real-time thriller starring Tom Hardy and Olivia Colman. Paul Schrader's erotic thriller The Canyons, written by Bret Easton Ellis and featuring Lindsay Lohan, will also have a special screening. Kim Ki-Duk's controversial film Moebius, which has struggled to get a release in South Korea due to its incestuous content, is also being shown out of competition. Its director won the Golden Lion last year with his film Pieta, about a brutal debt collector who is forced to examine his life."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Grade I listed concert and conference venue will see its whole structure given a facelift, from its roof to windows and electrical wiring. The hall is named after the artist Sir Frank Brangwyn, whose colourful murals are housed there. Art conservationists have been appointed to ensure the works are protected during the restoration. \"The Brangwyn Hall is one of Swansea's key cultural assets which has played host to some of the biggest names in the music world over the years,\" said Nick Bradley, Swansea council's cabinet member for regeneration. \"These works are essential for ensuring that the Brangwyn Hall is protected and restored for future generations of visitors to enjoy.\" The council said the restoration work will cost \"millions of pounds\", and involves rewiring, replacement of existing heating systems and weatherproofing works. The fabric of the building will also be upgraded and restored, including roof coverings, windows, internal and external stonework and carpentry. \"Following the works, the council will be re-launching the facility as one of the city's premier venues for major public events, including conferences, exhibitions, concerts, festivals, weddings, dinners and so on,\" added Mr Bradley. \"I am delighted to say bookings are already being received for 2014 and beyond.\" 'British Empire' panels The historic building opened in 1934 and enjoys iconic status in the city after surviving the Blitz during World War II. The hall is internationally renowned as a classical music venue because of its acoustics, attracting orchestras and singers from all over the world. But its most striking feature is the series of murals by Sir Frank Brangwyn. An official World War I artist, Brangwyn was commissioned in 1924 to paint the murals for the Royal Gallery in the Palace of Westminster. The images were to represent the British Empire, but when he presented them in 1930 they were rejected as \"inappropriate\". Offers to house the panels then came in from around the world, but as the son of a Welsh architect, it was Swansea that became their home. The council said that as part of the restoration project, the 17 panels in the hall will be subject to a survey, and the installation of \"suitable protection\" during the work, which starts in mid July. The last events before the refurbishment will be university graduation ceremonies."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Judges held that the Department of Justice (DoJ) had wrongly determined he would now be eligible to seek parole. In December, the sister of one of his victims won permission to challenge his eligibility to do so. Deborah McGuinness was granted leave to apply for a judicial review of the DoJ's calculations of his time served. Her brother, Thomas McErlean, was among three people killed by Stone in a gun and grenade attack at Milltown Cemetery in Belfast. The judges' verdict, on Tuesday, came as his case was set to go before the parole commissioners. That hearing has now been put on hold pending any appeal against the ruling. Stone, 63, was freed under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement in 2000, but was returned to jail six years later for trying to kill Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness at Stormont in 2006. Mr Justice McCloskey, sitting with Mr Justice Colton, said a six year period spent out on licence before the murder attempt should not count towards his 30 year minimum term of imprisonment. He forfeited the benefits of that exceptional release by opting to commit further serious terrorist offences, the judges pointed out. Quashing the DoJ's decision, Mr Justice McCloskey confirmed: \"The earliest date upon which Mr Stone might be released on parole licence will fall around July 2024.\" Ms McGuinness said she was relieved with the outcome. \"I just took this case to ensure Michael Stone served his sentence in full,\" she said. \"He was given 30 years in custody and I wanted certainty that he will do that,\" she added. Mr McErlean died in an attack on an IRA funeral in Milltown Cemetery in 1988. 'Forfeit' The ex-Ulster Defence Association (UDA) member was also the gunman in another three separate killings: Mr Justice McCloskey said: \"The Belfast Agreement afforded to convicted terrorists such as Mr Stone the opportunity to demonstrate that they were worthy of the exceptional benefit of significantly accelerated release from sentenced custody. \"Those, such as Mr Stone, who have elected not to do so forfeit this benefit and revert to their pre-release status.\" \"The calculation of Mr Stone's earliest release date must make no allowance for the period of approximately six years which elapsed between the date of his exceptional early release from prison and the date of his subsequent further detention.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Michael FitzpatrickBBC News NI Lawyers for the family of one of his victims had argued that the prisoner \"squandered\" a previous chance of release. Stone killed three people in a gun and grenade attack at Milltown cemetery in west Belfast in1988. The legal action was taken by the sister of one of his victims. Deborah McGuiness's brother, Thomas McErlean, 20, was killed during that attack on Milltown cemetery. She was appealing a High Court ruling from last year that gave Sentence Review Commissioners the right to consider another application from Stone. In dismissing the appeal, the Lord Chief Justice, Sir Declan Morgan, said the court was satisfied that the legislation allowed a prisoner, who has had his licence revoked, to apply for a further declaration of his eligibility for release. \"Whether his application is determined depends upon whether he satisfied the conditions in rule 9(2) of the 1998 rules, for the reasons given in agreement with the learned trial judge we dismiss the appeal,\" he told the court. The Court of Appeal also ruled that six years which Stone spent out of prison on licence could count towards the 30 year sentence he received. It means that the 65-year-old who was due to remain in prison until 2024 is now eligible to apply for parole. The Lord Chief Justice said the arrangements in relation to Troubles-related prisoners had been a source of \"considerable concern to many\" but added that the arrangements are \"unique and extraordinary.\" As well as the Milltown cemetery murders, Stone was convicted of three other killings. Stone's other victims were: In 2006, he entered Parliament Buildings at Stormont, armed with explosives and an axe, in an attempt to murder Sinn Féin leaders Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness. Stone denied it had been a bid to kill the politicians, instead claiming it was \"an act of performance art\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Lord Chief Justice Sir Declan Morgan said: \"It is abundantly clear that the present arrangements are not working.\" Sir Declan said it would be possible to have \"all the legacy cases taken out of the inquest system\" to be dealt with in \"a time-bound inquiry\". His comments were contained in a Court of Appeal judgement released on Monday. Court of Appeal judges delivered their reasons for upholding a High Court judge's decision to quash the verdict of the jury in the inquest into the death of an IRA man 22 years ago and order a fresh inquest before a new coroner. Obligations Pearse Jordan was killed in disputed circumstances on the Falls Road in west Belfast in 1992. His death was one of several high-profile cases involving claims the security forces were involved in shoot-to-kill incidents. Sir Declan said it was not the role of the Court of Appeal to determine how the government fulfils its obligations under article two of the European Convention of Human Rights - where investigations have to be reasonably prompt. However, he said it seemed inevitable that this requirement would continue to be breached unless there was a new approach. In suggesting the Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry \"might provide the basis for an effective solution\", he said it would need to be chaired by someone with senior judicial experience. \"The inquiry would need facilities for independent investigation and powers of compulsion in respect of witnesses and documents,\" he said. 'Careful consideration' Sensitive information would be blacked out but enough information would be provided for legal teams to mount an effective challenge. \"The procedures for any oral evidence would need careful consideration,\" he said. The Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry is examining allegations of child abuse in children's homes and other residential institutions in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 1995. The panel consists of the chairman and two other government-appointed inquiry members who will then produce a final report. Sir Declan said that finding a solution was a matter for the Stormont Executive and Assembly, but he hoped his observations would be of assistance. \"Unless a solution is achieved we will continue to incur considerable public expense in legal challenges and claims for compensation such as those arising in this case and the subject of further hearing,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"Finally, a relaxation of restrictions. The excitement is overwhelming. \"It is almost incomprehensible to believe that the imprisonment that has consumed our lives for so long, a lifestyle that has become the 'norm', could actually change. \"It is not just the physical freedom, but the emotional release of responsibility: to my family, my elderly parents, my 90-year-old neighbour, my new-born baby. \"A baby, born into lockdown life, emerging a walking and seemingly fully functioning toddler. \"His first birthday is on 25 March. I can't wait for him to be able to play with friends, hug his cousins, meet his godparents and explore new places. \"Now is a time to be grateful, to remove the shadow of imprisonment and look forward to a brighter future. \"I feel so appreciative to the NHS. The efficiency of the distribution of the vaccination at unprecedented speed has enabled my mother, father and sister to gain some protection. \"It is a huge relief, as though my responsibility for their safety has been somewhat relinquished. \"I worry for the financial recovery of many families and the class divide that these economic struggles consequently create. \"The suffering of our society has been cataclysmic, and repercussions will no doubt rear their ugly heads in dregs over the coming months and years. \"But now is a time to heal; a time to be positive; a time to unite. A time for children to return to the classroom, connect with their friends and receive the educational attention they deserve. \"I am so excited at the prospect of my son being able to play and interact with other children in a normal, functioning, social capacity. Emails from toddler classes are starting to fill my inbox with dates of face to face classes. \"I cannot wait to reconnect with other mums and dads; long-lost friends and family. \"There is hope, and... it is time to embrace optimism and rejoice in the anticipation of a reconnected future.\" Follow BBC West on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"For shielders like me I didn't really feel safe going outside even when lockdown was slightly relaxed. \"This year has taken its toll on my relationship, and I split with my boyfriend a few weeks ago. \"We were used to long-distance as he was in the military but the lack of contact with Covid just made it too hard to continue. \"With break-ups, my friends want to be with me but they can't. \"The first lockdown and the second one was much easier, because I occasionally went out in the garden. \"This time it isn't so easy, I can still get unwell just being out in the wet and cold so I have to be really careful. \"I am starting to get cabin fever this time.\" \"On Monday, when I woke up to see they were onto my category for vaccinations I was buzzing. \"I'm waiting for my text, it will be a nice trip out but also the fact I'm protected will be a huge saving to the NHS. \"I hate being branded as vulnerable as I've never seen myself as vulnerable before. \"I do see an end point, and when people are offered the vaccine they need to take it for the greater good.\" Chloe Ball- Hopkins, from Wotton-under-Edge in Gloucestershire, lives in her grandparents's annexe and is in the extremely clinically vulnerable category . She has been shielding almost constantly since March 2020."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"For much of my life sub-Sahara Africa was a byword for military coups, disasters, famines and a host of negative news stories about hopes and aspirations squandered. So it has not only been a great relief but a joy to see the pendulum swing the other way as Afro-pessimism has turned into Afro-optimism over the last decade. I should be jumping for joy with each new set of figures that is published extolling the continent's great leaps and successes. But alas it is that constant flow of good news that has been worrying me of late. Although each day brings new data showing rising income levels, a reduction in poverty, improved numbers of children in education and so forth, I have for some time had a fear that this new euphoria was crowding out what is still the reality for many if not most Africans. I have discussed my unease with several people and even tried to raise the topic at several forums, but the general response has been to brush my concerns aside. Instead I have been urged to join in the celebrations, after all, some say, we may never see the continent portrayed in such glowing terms again. I was in the Moroccan city of Marrakech recently to attend the annual meeting of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the continent's biggest development financial institution. 'Diaspora returning' As I settled down to listen to the opening ceremony speeches, I had no reason to believe I would be listening to anything but another roll-call of achievements. But then AfDB President Donald Kaberuka took to the stage. Having sat through many a speech, it is not often that one makes my head turn. This was different. Here was someone speaking to the very concerns and fears I have had as he reviewed the state of the continent. Of course, there was much to celebrate, including impressive growth figures that saw Africa's average annual income cross the $1,000 (£640) mark; life expectancy up from 40 to 60 years of age; more children in school than at any time in history; seven out of 10 Africans own a mobile and four-fifths of the continent's people live in countries where there is peace, stability and strong economic growth. What is more - Africa's young talent in the diaspora is returning in large numbers. But there is, to quote him directly, \"a painful reality which demands our undivided attention\". He went on to mention that although the economies are growing, the rate of growth is still lower than needed, given that the population is also rising. We have booming cities, skyscrapers, but also millions of destitute people eking out a living in teeming slums and shanty towns. He also spoke of a growing middle class yet peasants are still using hoes. But even more sobering, he noted, was that 52 million children were out of primary and secondary school. Reality checks do not come starker than this. And I for one was heartened that a leader of one of the continent's biggest institutions was urging us to halt the celebration parties. Much of Africa's recent growth has been powered by the extraction and sales of natural resources. As we walked out of the closing ceremony, a Kenyan friend turned to me and said: \"The way we have been boasting, you would think we are now Australia or Canada and yet these two giants just get on with it.\" In 2010 alone, forests, minerals metals, and energy generated 11.5% of the country's gross domestic product, or 142.5bn Canadian dollars ($139.8bn, £89.7bn), and directly employed more than 700,000 people. The figures from Australia are just as impressive. While we must be proud and celebrate the recent gains and achievements in Africa, particularly as they have been a long time coming, it is too soon to dwell on these gains when there is still so much to do just to get the basics to our fellow citizens. There is no doubt this is Africa's hour and there is no turning back, but it would be good if the party invitation could be extended to all citizens. If you would like to comment on Joel Kibazo's latest column, please use the form below."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The dog, owned by Margaret Anderson, from Coventry, Warwickshire, headed off competition from 21,000 other canines to take home the prize. Buster, a spaniel, who undertook tours of Afghanistan, Iraq and Bosnia, won the title of \"man's best friend\". He saved lives by sniffing out suicide bombers wearing explosive vests. Elizabeth was given the first place rosette after beating the six other dogs left in the final stage of the four-day competition. Lhasa Apsos originate in Tibet and were used by Buddhist monks to alert them to any intruders. Ms Anderson said she was in shock. \"I'm, sure somebody's going to pinch me in a minute and I'll wake up and it'll all be a dream. It hasn't sunk at all. I'll go home and probably burst out crying.\" She said Elizabeth was a \"very easy going dog\" who loved the attention. \"She loves showing, she's always loved her show career, the bigger the applause the more she loves it,\" she said. However she added that she may now retire Elizabeth from shows. All seven dogs had earlier won their individual best of breed and then best in group categories. The other dogs in the final included Pomeranian Dreamer, Irish Water Spaniel Merlin, Old English Sheepdog Jimmy, Norwich Terrier Paris and Borzoi Luke. The finalists were assessed by a Kennel Club-approved judge who examined them on their laps of honour and marked their overall health, condition, coat, character, temperament, movement, and the standards required by the organisation for their particular breed. The reserve title was given to three-year-old Newfoundland Brutus and his owner Sonia Krockovci. Earlier, Buster the spaniel was rewarded with the Friends for Life first place prize for his bravery during his five tours of duty. As well as sniffing out suicide bombers, he assisted on foot patrols in Afghanistan's poppy fields, helped hunt Taliban insurgents and sought out booby trap bombs. Buster, who is now set to retire at the home of RAF police sergeant Michael Barrow, was awarded the prize following a public vote. He beat competition from service dogs, police dogs, assistance dogs, companion dogs and 2012 Games dogs."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Andria Zafirakou, who teaches art and textiles at Alperton Community School in Brent, has been honoured for her services to education and young people. Mrs Zafirakou said the appointment was a \"wonderful surprise\". Mrs Zafirakou, 40, became the first UK winner of the Global Teacher Prize earlier this year. She beat teachers nominated from more than 170 countries to win a prize worth $1m (£790,000). Since Mrs Zafirakou joined Alperton in 2005, she has set up a boxing club, redesigned the curriculum to improve access for every student, and even conducted personal patrols outside the school to deter gang members from trying to recruit her pupils. She has also visited students in their homes and learned basic phrases in languages such as Hindi, Tamil and Gujarati to engage with her pupils. Mrs Zafirakou, who is an associate deputy at Alperton, said she felt \"humbled, emotional and extremely proud\" at receiving the honour. Reflecting on her 13 years at the school, she said her most proud memories were \"those wonderful individual stories of children who have succeeded against the odds because of your intervention\". However, she added: \"I do not see this as an honour I have done all by myself. I see this as something I am receiving on behalf of my school community.\" Mrs Zafirakou said she hoped to keep the news of her honour \"low key\" so it was \"business as usual\" for the children when they returned to school in January."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Shaun Peel and Laurence CawleyBBC East \"I was on fire. There was only one thing to do and that was to get out as fast as possible,\" he says. His Hawker Hurricane had been hit in the gravity fuel tank just behind the dashboard by a German cannon shell. \"It exploded and blew petrol into the cockpit, which instantly caught fire,\" says Lichfield-born Mr Mounsdon, now 97. As a 22-year-old pilot officer serving with 56 Squadron out of North Weald, he flew his last mission on 31 August 1940. It was a Saturday morning and the sky was blue and bright. \"We were sent up to intercept some bombers,\" he said. \"They came down on us and I shot one of them. I came down to have another go somewhere over Colchester and I was hit. \"I was badly burned, but I rolled the aircraft over and came down by parachute from 14,000ft. \"I was conscious all the time. When you are in a situation like that the adrenalin kicks in and you know straight away what needs to be done: either stay in the aircraft and be dead, or get out and have a chance of staying alive. Simple as that. \"It was the first time I'd used a parachute. I think I was jolly lucky, in a way.\" As he drifted in the skies over the church tower at High Easter, his Hurricane spun out of control, scattering bullets onto the village below as the locals took cover. His aircraft crashed and burned, and his discarded flying helmet was found in the next parish. Mr Mounsdon landed in a field just behind the spot where High Easter's village hall now stands. He was found with terrible burns to his legs and hands. His descent had been tracked by villagers and the Home Guard arrived armed with pitch forks, fearing he might be a fallen foe. \"I was picked up by some local people,\" he says. \"First a young girl arrived, aged 10 or 12, and she had her younger sister with her. I think I said 'hello'. Then some men came and took me away by motor car. \"I wasn't in pain at the time; I was in acute discomfort. The pain comes later. Burns are rather uncomfortable\". Mr Mounsdon was taken in by villagers and a local nurse cared for him until he was moved to Black Notley Hospital, which at the time specialised in plastic surgery. A further two years in various hospitals would follow, including pioneering skin grafts at East Grinstead's Queen Victoria Hospital carried out by the founder of the so-called \"Guinea Pig Club\", Archibald McIndoe. It was while in hospital that he married his childhood sweetheart Mary. Mr Mounsdon went back to work first at North Weald and then onto RAF Cambridge where he became a flying instructor at Marshalls Airport teaching young men to fly Tiger Moths. He and Mary settled in Hertfordshire, later moving to Menorca. \"You just get over these things,\" he says of his crash. \"I joined the air force to fly, and I just wanted to get back in the air\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The metal tag belonged to Warrant Officer William Ernest Wills of the Royal Australian Air Force, who trained at RAF Millom during the war. It was found under a rock by Max Hazlehurst, 13, during a family walk. A historian in Australia saw a BBC Radio Cumbria Facebook post and contacted Mr Wills' family. It is thought he may have dropped the identification tag while on a training march or recreational hike up the Black Combe mountain. Mr Wills died aged 43 while working in the mining industry near Alice Springs in his home country. Sharon Whiteford, one of Mr Wills' three daughters, said: \"It's been quite a big day. We're only just starting to calm down now. \"My daughter rang me late last night. She'd been contacted by someone from the [Museum of Perth] who saw the post and did some research - taking only nine minutes to track down the family history. \"It's heartwarming getting the dog tag back. Lauri and I are the youngest two siblings, so had the least amount of time with our dad. Anything that gets us into contact with him we cherish. \"We've actually spoken to Max. We had a lovely chat and he explained how he'd been out wandering and found it. He's a special young man. We've got nothing but praise for Max.\" Max, from Askam, had been looking for bugs on Black Combe and initially thought he had spotted a dog collar. After a FaceTime chat with the Wills family, he said: \"They were pretty happy to see it. It has sentimental value to them. \"We're hoping to send it off to them today.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Pte George Henry Thompson was 26 when he died near the German town of Wittenburg in 1945. Thompson, from Tynemouth, had been captured five years previously during the Allied forces' retreat to Dunkirk. His final resting place has been confirmed following research by the Green Howards Museum in Richmond. The Long March Thompson joined the 4th Battalion of the Yorkshire regiment and was deployed to France in February 1940. He was captured by German forces at Athies and imprisoned at Stalag XX(A), a camp south of Torun in occupied Poland. In 1945 and with the Soviets closing in, the Germans moved their POWs further west in what became known as the Long March. Forced to walk up to 28 miles (45km) a day through snow with scant clothing and only four potatoes to eat, many prisoners like Thompson succumbed to disease, hypothermia or cruelty of their guards. Where he was buried was a mystery until a researcher, Steve Foster, who was looking into his father's time as a POW, found a grave in Wittenburg cemetery marked \"unbekannt Englische soldat\" (unknown English soldier). 'Final whisper heard' Steve Erskine, assistant curator at the Green Howards Museum, said: \"No military action had taken place at Wittenburg, there were no records of any British soldier being involved in a fatal accident in the area; the only explanation was that a POW from a column on the Long March was buried in the plot and, given this logic and the circumstances, we concluded this must be George Thompson's last resting place.\" The Commonwealth War Graves Commission has now agreed to replace the German headstone with one saying the grave is believed to be that of Thompson. Mr Erskine said he had hoped to find relatives of the soldier but none could be located before the grave was rededicated on Friday. He said: \"Soon, George's name will be removed from the wall of missing servicemen at the Dunkirk memorial. \"It's taken some unrelated family history research, more than 70 years, and a certain amount of persuasion, but Private George Thompson's whisper has finally been heard.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Welsh Government will also pay the outstanding legal costs of the Sergeant family, following the inquest into the late AMs death. Mr Sargeant was sacked from the cabinet by the then first minister Carwyn Jones in November 2017, over allegations of inappropriate behaviour with women. The Alyn and Deeside AM took his own life days later. The decision by the First Minister Mark Drakeford was welcomed by Mr Sargeant's family. \"We must draw a line under everything and let our grieving process begin,\" they said. Carwyn Jones had called the inquiry, and appointed barrister Paul Bowen to chair it, following the death of Mr Sargeant. The inquiry was to look into Mr Jones' actions before and after the dismissal. It never got off the ground. The work stalled after the family of Mr Sargeant, unhappy at the format, began legal action. A High Court judge found it was unlawful that Mr Jones took decisions on the probe. The coroner at Mr Sargeant's inquest later said that sacked ministers should be given more support. After the inquest First Minister Mark Drakeford asked the chairman of ACAS, Sir Brendan Barber, to see if a way forward could be found between Mr Jones and Carl Sargeant's family. Sir Brendan recommended that the investigation should not proceed, and that the Welsh Government should meet the outstanding legal costs of the Sargeant family for the inquest. \"I have decided to accept and to implement both,\" Mr Drakeford said. \"I know that all parties involved now share a wish to bring an end to the public controversy in relation to the tragic death of Carl, allowing us all to remember him as the valued husband, father, colleague and friend that he was.\" In a statement, the family of Mr Sargeant said: \"We have come to realise that the inquiry process would be unlikely to give us the answers we seek. \"So, enough is enough. We must draw a line under everything and let our grieving process begin. We also have no desire to distract the Welsh Government at a time of national crisis. Neil Hudgell, the family's solicitor, said: \"While feeling a great sense of frustration that answers to some questions will never be found, I hope they can now find some sense of closure in calling a halt to proceedings.\" In correspondence published by the Welsh Government, Sir Brendan said that he felt the actions and decisions of the former first minister \"have now been extensively scrutinised and questioned through the public processes of the coroners' inquest\". He said the family's judicial review and the inquiry proceedings costs have been met by the Welsh Government, but their costs for the inquest had not. \"It would seem wrong to me for this whole episode to be concluded with an ordinary family like the Sargeants to be at risk of being left with any significant outstanding legal bills,\" he said. 'Exchanges' He said he has facilitated \"exchanges\" between Carwyn Jones and the family on his handling of the decisions the former first minister took. \"I hope these exchanges have been helpful to the family, but I well recognise that there will always I suspect remain a host of unanswered questions in their minds.\" But Sir Brendan said both sides had a \"strong wish\" to move on from public discussion of Mr Sargeant's death and the \"desperately unhappy circumstances surrounding that\". Mr Drakeford wrote he agreed with Sir Brendan that that the costs of the Bowen inquiry were not justifiable, and that the Welsh Government would make a payment of £220,000 to the Sargeant family, a figure Sir Brendan said would meet \"all outstanding legal costs\". 'Questions that simply have no answers' In a statement, Carwyn Jones said: \"This has been a traumatic time for everybody involved, particularly the family. \"With any tragedy of this kind, there will always be many questions that simply have no answers, but I am glad that they now have an opportunity to move on as best they can.\" Welsh Conservative assembly leader Paul Davies said: \"While I fully respect the agreement between the first minister and the Sargeant family it is clear that many questions remain unanswered and there is more information which could and should have been made available to them and assembly members for scrutiny.\" Plaid Cymru Leader Adam Price added: \"The wishes of the Sargeant family to bring this matter to a close must be respected and our thoughts continue to be with them. \"But it should never have taken this long for a decision to be made - and history will not look back kindly over the Welsh Government's handling of this case.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Somerset County Council is proposing replacing its 24 Sure Start centres with eight \"family centres\" to co-ordinate work in the surrounding areas. The remaining 16 buildings would host early childhood services such as nursery places. The review involves the creation of a new Family Support Service, which would incorporate some child health services. Children and families councillor Frances Nicholson said it was a \"misconception that changing the status of the [children's centre] buildings would mean a reduction in services\". School nurses The authority said nurseries currently operating from children's centre buildings would continue to operate and, in some areas, be expanded. But support such as health visitor services would operate from community buildings and in people's homes. Councillors will also consider whether the county should take over the running of public health nursing services - such as health visitors and school nurses - from Somerset Partnership NHS Trust. If agreed, staff employed by the trust would transfer to the new council-run Family Support Service. The plans will be discussed by the Children and Families Scrutiny Committee on Friday 26 January. A decision on whether to continue with the proposals will be made by the county's cabinet on 12 February. Children's centres are places where parents with young children can go for help with things like breastfeeding, budgeting, making healthy choices for their family and postnatal depression."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"If the States agree St Sampson's Infant School will shut in 2014 and St Andrew's Primary School in 2015. The department estimates the closures could save the department more than £800,000 a year. Education Minister Robert Sillars said it was \"not just about money\" but creating larger primary schools, which helped to improve standards. He said the move was part of the department's strategy to ensure all primary schools have two or three classes in their entry years, rather than just one. Larger primary schools Deputy Sillars said evidence-based research had found larger year groups allowed a more flexible curriculum and students of different abilities could be taught separately providing challenge or support for those who need it. He said larger primary schools helped improve educational outcomes, increase efficiency and ensure greater consistency in performance across the island. St Sampson's Infant School is the island's last remaining stand‐alone infant school and because of that is the most expensive of the States primary schools to run based on the number of pupils. Those students currently at the school will be merged in to the Vale Primary School. St Andrew's Primary School is not the island's only single class entry school, but the department felt it should close as the building will require \"considerable maintenance in the near future\" and the site \"gives limited opportunities for future development\". 'Not ideally located' A spokesman said: \"Existing pupils can be accommodated in neighbouring schools with minimal effect on high school catchment areas and, in future years, only small changes are predicted to be required to neighbouring primary catchment areas. \"The school is not ideally located in the urban area or a rural centre.\" He said pupils from St Andrew's were likely to be offered places at Castel and St Martin's with a few offered places at Forest, Vauvert or possibly La Houguette Primary Schools and that siblings would be kept together. The department believes closing St Andrew's Primary should save £593,000‐£653,000 per year and the merger of St Sampson's Infant and Vale Primary should create an overall savings of £88,000-£148,000 annually. A department spokesman said the move would start to deal with the huge differences in class sizes and costs per child across the island's primary schools, which he blamed on \"the inefficiency of the system\". Unused places He said class sizes vary from 15 to 29 and costs from £3,600 to £6,200 per pupil. Under the current system there are about 500 unused places, which each cost the taxpayer between £300 and £500 per year. The spokesman said this surplus meant even with the closure of the two schools the island could accommodate projected rises in pupil numbers with some spare to take account of pupils moving into and within the island. In its review of schools the department recommended the roles of the Forest Primary School and La Houguette Primary School, both single form entry, should be revisited within the next five to 10 years. It also found the provision of Catholic education, currently provided by single form entry St Mary and St Michael Primary and one and a half form Notre Dame du Rosaire Primary, would also need to be looked at again. Parents and members of the public will have a chance to find out more about the plans at a number of meeting being held by the department before States are due to vote on them in October."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Countess of Chester Hospital will use £2.4m raised through fundraising appeals to build a bigger unit. The plans were initially blocked when Cheshire West and Chester Council said the unit would be \"overbearing\". More than 20,000 people signed a petition in support of it and the hospital, which has come under scrutiny for baby deaths, has revised its plans. The hospital's neo-natal services have been under police scrutiny since 2017, and a nurse arrested on suspicion of murdering eight babies there was released on bail in July. An inspection by the Care Quality Commission in 2016 found the hospital's current neonatal unit \"lacked storage space and resources\". Acting hospital chief executive Dr Susan Gilby said she was \"really pleased\" that the \"dark, dingy and cramped\" current unit would be replaced. \"Our clinical teams deliver outstanding work and care to our most vulnerable babies but the environment in which they do it is less than ideal,\" she said. \"We need the room and facilities to enable the parents to be part of that team that cares for the babies and to get the excellent outcomes we have.\" In reference to the ongoing police inquiry, Ms Gilby said the hospital's focus was also on \"getting answers for those who are waiting for a very important and complex investigation\". 'Important to be good neighbours' She added that the new unit would bring more \"light and air\" into the environment and have spaces for families to \"stay in the room together\" as babies recovered. The hospital's initial application was refused because the council felt it would lead to a \"loss of outlook\" for residents of the nearby Bache Hall Estate. Ms Gilby said she was \"very mindful\" the hospital must be both an \"important part of the community\" and \"good neighbours\". Money for the new unit has been gathered at fundraising events across Chester and North Wales since 2013 as part of the hospital's Babygrow Appeal. Niamh Hocking, who began the petition to overturn the council's planning rejection, said she was \"delighted\" and added the new unit would \"make a massive difference to people who have premature babies in the future\". Related Internet Links Countess of Chester Hospital"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ward eight has been closed to further admissions following an outbreak of the Norovirus among a small number of patients on the ward. A hospital spokeswoman said that visiting restrictions were also in force on the ward. Anyone with vomiting and diarrhoea is advised to phone their doctor."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Weston General Hospital implemented the temporary measures, which extend to its A&E department, at 08:00 BST to \"maintain patient and staff safety\". Its NHS trust described it as a \"precautionary measure\" and arrangements have been made for new patients to be treated elsewhere. Medical director Dr William Oldfield said the situation was under review. \"We currently have a high number of patients with Covid-19,\" he said. \"While the vast majority will have come into the hospital with Covid-19, as an extra precaution we have taken the proactive step to temporarily stop accepting new patients to maintain patient and staff safety.\" Dr Oldfield, from the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, said there was a \"robust\" coronavirus testing programme in place for patients and staff to identify cases quickly. He added current hospital patients were continuing to receive care, while the trust's partners were working to give new patients treatment in \"the appropriate setting\". The trust said alternative services included walk-in treatment facilities for minor injuries in Clevedon, Yate, and Bristol."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"There could also be a ban on overnight stays away from home in these areas. A final decision on the time period or extent of potential closures has not yet been made. The government is also likely to introduce a three-tier system for local lockdowns. Under the system, different parts of the country would be placed in different categories - although ministers are still discussing the precise details of the toughest level of restrictions over the next couple of days. A formal announcement is not likely to come until Monday, according to BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg. Meanwhile, Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer has challenged the government to publish the scientific evidence behind the 22:00 closing time for pubs and restaurants - and refused to say whether his party would vote in support of the measure in Parliament next week. Communities Secretary Robert Jenrick said there was \"evidence hospitality plays a role\" in spreading the virus. But pressed on whether the government would publish this evidence, he told the BBC: \"It is commonsensical that the longer you stay in pubs and restaurants, the more likely you are to come into contact with other individuals. \"The more drinks that people have, the more likely that some people are to break the rules.\" He added that it was right to \"take action decisively, rather than waiting for the most detailed epidemiological evidence to emerge\". On the possibility of additional restrictions for some parts of England, Mr Jenrick said the government was \"currently considering what steps to take\" and the precise measures for different areas would be announced \"in the coming days\". He did not rule out pubs being closed but said measures would be \"proportionate and localised\". He added that the government was trying to give \"greater consistency on rules so they're easier to understand\" and was working on \"slightly broader canvases of regions or cities and counties to avoid differences in people's daily lives if they drive over the border\". It comes as significant new measures are introduced in Scotland. From Friday, all pubs and restaurants across central Scotland, including Glasgow and Edinburgh, are to close, while in the rest of Scotland hospitality venues must shut at 18:00 BST and alcohol can only be served outdoors. Industry leaders are warning the measures could be the final straw for many businesses. On Wednesday the number of UK cases rose by 14,162, with a further 70 deaths reported. The planned tightening of restrictions in parts of England follows rising infection rates across much of the country, with medical leaders warning the NHS is at risk of becoming overwhelmed. Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle upon Tyne have the highest infection rates in the country. A government source told the BBC the situation in the north-west and north-east of England was \"very troubling\", with growing numbers of hospital admissions and more elderly people in intensive care. These areas will be placed into the top tier of restrictions, with an announcement possibly as early as Monday, in a new system called the Local Covid Alert Level. But there remains a debate within cabinet over how far the restrictions in the top tier should go, with some in No 10 arguing for measures like those in Scotland. The plan is for schools to remain open in all circumstances. The Labour mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, reacted angrily to the reports, tweeting: \"No discussion. No consultation. Millions of lives affected by Whitehall diktat. It is proving impossible to deal with this government.\" It's a complicated equation. The Department of Health is worried about the spread of the disease, as well as other patients losing out on other treatments because of the focus on Covid. No 11 is fearful about the impact on the economy, which has already had a profound shock. And it's No 10's job to worry about all of it, then reach a conclusion. But Boris Johnson also knows that his own MPs and the opposition parties are more and more sceptical as each day passes about what the government proposes. It's clear that shutting pubs and restaurants is a possibility - the \"circuit breaker\" that we have talked about on here lots of times. But there are many questions still to be settled. Read more from Laura here. Under the new system, all areas would be subject to the current England-wide restrictions, but there would be much more robust measures for the top tier - the one with the highest infection rates. There are already tighter restrictions in parts of the north-east and north-west of England, Birmingham and Leicester, where the rate of infection has been rising. But there are currently no extra restrictions for hospitality venues in these areas beyond those in force nationally, such as the 22:00 closing time for pubs and restaurants. The Treasury is looking at providing financial support to the industry in the worst-hit areas, and a memo seen by the BBC shows plans for additional money for local authorities. They would get £1 per head of population if placed into tier two, and £2 per head for tier three. Kate Nicholls, chief executive of UK Hospitality, said if venues were forced to close the industry would need a return to a full furlough scheme and additional financial support. She said the £40m of support announced for hospitality venues by the Scottish government, when shared between 16,000 premises, equated to just over £2,000 each, which \"barely keeps the lights on, let alone saving jobs\". The planned changes come as medical leaders warn that rising infection levels across the country could leave the NHS \"unable to cope\". The Academy of Medical Colleges, which represents the UK and Ireland's 24 medical royal colleges, called on people to abide \"strictly\" to coronavirus measures to prevent NHS services from becoming overwhelmed. Helen Stokes-Lampard, chair of the academy, said: \"Given the recent dramatic spike in both the number of cases and hospital admissions it is clear that we could soon be back to where we were in April if we are not all extremely careful.\" She told BBC Breakfast that while there were hotspots in the north-east and north-west of England, a lot of cities were now seeing \"serious problems\" and the virus was \"working further south\". In other developments:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan HeadSouth East Asia correspondent A year later, Rajabhakti Park has become a millstone around the neck of the military government, and a symbol of how their efforts to promote the monarchy - at an awkward moment as Thailand faces its first royal succession in nearly 70 years - can go wrong. The project has been tarnished by allegations of corruption - a scourge General Prayuth promised to tackle when he seized power last year. Other government-backed ventures intended to showcase support for the monarchy have been similarly tainted. Not just by allegations of mismanaged funds, but also by the mysterious deaths in custody, or disappearances, of people who had been close to Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn. The monarchy is an acutely sensitive topic in Thailand, made all the more delicate by the severity of the lese majeste law which inhibits any public debate about the institution. The officially-sanctioned view of the monarchy is that it is loved and respected by all Thais, who support the law. In fact, there are Thais who take a different view, but who do not dare to express it publicly. From the moment it seized power last year, the military made protecting the monarchy from any kind of critical scrutiny a top priority. It ordered the police to be more rigorous in prosecuting anyone caught saying anything negative about the royal family. It insisted defendants be tried in military courts, and sometimes in secret. Around 100 people have been charged with lese majeste since the coup, and sentences have become harsher, with one young mother-of-two being given a 28-year sentence in August. At the same time, the military set about trying to burnish the public image of Prince Vajiralongkorn, in preparation for him to succeed the ailing King Bhumibol. The lese majeste law makes it impossible for anyone in Thailand to speak frankly about members of the royal family. The commonly-used way to describe the comparison between the heir and the King is that \"he does not enjoy the same popularity as his father.\" In August, the government organised a mass bicycle ride in Bangkok, led by the Crown Prince and his eldest daughter, in honour of Queen Sirikit, who is also in poor health. It was the first time Thais had seen the 63-year-old prince in a relatively informal setting, smiling and looking trim in his cycling clothes. The event was deemed a success, and the government held another one on Friday to commemorate the King's birthday. Then in October three men were suddenly arrested and charged with lese majeste. One, a famous fortune-teller and television personality known as Mor Yong, had played a prominent role in organising the first Bike for Mom event. He and his two co-defendants, one of them an influential police officer responsible for countering anti-monarchy sentiment on the internet, were accused of abusing the Crown Prince's name to raise funds illicitly with products like t-shirts and badges linked to the bike rides. Mor Yong had posted photos of himself with prominent public figures on his Facebook page, as part of his promotional activities. Four days later, the government announced that the police major had hanged himself with his shirt in his cell. Two weeks after that, they announced that Mor Yong too had died in custody, from blood poisoning. There was no proper autopsy and both men's bodies were hurriedly cremated. At the same time the personal bodyguard of the Crown Prince disappeared. He has since been stripped of all his titles and accused of \"gravely evil acts\" against the monarchy. It is widely believed that he is dead. Two other senior military officers have also disappeared, and have since been charged with lese majeste. They have also been linked to alleged abuses in the funding of Rajabhakti Park, which was formally opened by the Crown Prince and his daughter in September. The government and the army have tried, and failed, to stem the tide of allegations surrounding the park. General Udomdej Sitabutr, who was army commander until October this year and oversaw the project, admitted that irregular commissions were demanded by middlemen for the foundries building the huge statues, which cost around $1 million each. But he said he had insisted the commissions were refunded, although he explained the foundries then donated those commissions to an army charity. There have been allegations of inflated prices paid for trees planted in the park too. And an initial denial that any government funds were used to build the park turned out to be untrue - around $2 million came from state coffers. The army announced its own investigation, and quickly concluded there was no corruption. There was a public outcry, so the Ministry of Defence has ordered another investigation. The police say they cannot investigate unless the military authorises them to do so. A government spokesman told the BBC that independent agencies would soon be allowed to scrutinise the accounts of the project, but could not say when. The government's opponents have jumped on the opportunity to illustrate what they say is hypocrisy on the part of the military in prosecuting former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra for alleged corruption under her administration, yet failing to clean up its own house. Student activists and leaders of the pro-Yingluck \"red shirt\" movement have tried to organise visits to the park, but have been stopped and detained by the army. The government has also charged some of those spreading negative information about the park with sedition, a serious offence which carries a penalty of up to seven years in prison. Few people outside the top ranks of the military can know what lies behind these disturbing developments. But they show that the men who seized power last year, despite their considerable power, have nevertheless been unable to prevent damaging allegations of wrongdoing being made about their own royal promotion projects. Nor have they been able yet to provide a convincing response to those allegations. Many people in Thailand believe the revelations indicate divisions at the top over how to handle the royal succession, and crucially, who has control over this historic transition."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The country is facing increasingly violent protests, with two killed and dozens injured in recent days. On Thursday, the Electoral Commission said the polls should be postponed to ensure the safety of candidates. However government officials said parliament was already dissolved so there was no legal reason for a delay. Fighting broke out on Thursday at a stadium where election candidates were being registered. 'Red traffic lights' A group of protesters, some throwing stones and evidently some who were armed, tried to break into the stadium. One police officer and one protester were killed in the clashes. With the police demoralised and seemingly unable to withstand the attacks by protesters, the government has asked the army to help secure the election, the BBC's Jonathan Head in Bangkok reports. Deputy Prime Minister Surapong Tovichakchaikul said the government would ask the army to help secure candidate registrations on Saturday. \"I will also ask the military to provide security protection for members of the public on the 2 February elections,\" he added in a televised address. Speaking to reporters on Friday, Thai army chief Prayuth Chan-ocha did not address the government's request. Instead, he urged restraint on both sides and an end to street violence and said the army had shown \"red traffic lights to both sides so things will calm down\". When asked if the army would intervene, Prayuth Chan-ocha said: \"That door is neither open nor closed.\" Military coups The army, which mounted a successful coup only seven years ago, remains a powerful player in Thai politics, our correspondent says. The army has staged several coups in the past, and ousted former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who is also brother to current leader Yingluck Shinawatra, in 2006. Ms Yingluck called the snap election earlier this month, following weeks of protests. However, the opposition Democrat party is boycotting the polls. Ms Yingluck's Pheu Thai Party won the last election in 2011 and has a big majority in parliament. However, protesters say her brother controls the government from self-imposed exile. Thaksin Shinawatra fled Thailand before being convicted of corruption."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"On 3 August, the ex-king made the shock announcement that he was leaving Spain amid a corruption investigation. The 82-year-old travelled to the UAE on 3 August \"and he remains there\", a spokesman said, giving no more details. The ex-king's finances are under scrutiny in a major corruption probe. He denies any wrongdoing and has said he is available if prosecutors need to interview him. Earlier this month, he announced the move in a letter to his son, Felipe, to whom he handed the throne six years ago. He said at the time was making the decision \"in the face of the public repercussions that certain past events in my private life are generating\" and in the hope of allowing his son to carry out his functions as king with \"tranquillity\". It was first reported that he had travelled to the Dominican Republic, but Spanish media later said he had arrived in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the UAE. However until now, neither the palace nor the government had confirmed his whereabouts. The former king is said to have travelled to the UAE on several occasions since his abdication in 2014. He is reported to be close to a number of key figures including the UAE's de facto leader, Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed al Nahyan Why did Juan Carlos leave? Juan Carlos abdicated in 2014 after close to 40 years in power and handed power to his son Felipe. His decision to give up the throne came after a corruption investigation involving his daughter's husband and a controversial elephant hunting trip the monarch took during Spain's financial crisis. The controversies however did not stop there. In June this year, Spain's Supreme Court launched an investigation into Juan Carlos's alleged involvement in a high-speed rail contract in Saudi Arabia, after the ex-king lost his immunity from prosecution following his abdication. Juan Carlos played a pivotal role in Spain's transition to democracy after Gen Francisco Franco's death in 1975, but his popularity and his health declined in the final years of his reign, leading him to pass the baton to his son."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Celia HattonBBC News, Beijing Ms Lin calculates how much money people living at the poverty line have to spend on food each day. In the US, that figure comes to $4.91 (£3.24) a day, while in Madagascar, it amounts to 64 cents. Mr Chow then documents how much food that money buys in each country, placing the food against a local newspaper. The award-winning project's website has just been relaunched, making it more interactive for users to learn what it means to be poor and hungry from Tokyo to Rio de Janeiro. Mr Chow and Ms Lin explained why they set out to document the global poverty line. How did you come up with the idea to do this project? Ms Lin: We had been thinking about making something meaningful, which kind of combines our two interests. Both of us work in different fields and get exposed to different areas and ideas. Poverty is something we have also observed during our travels, so it's an issue we were concerned about. Coming from an economic background, it is always a top-down look at issues, to understand big state policies, government directives and things like that. But as an individual, I am always touched by how things are really on the ground, different from what you have imagined from headlines. How did your past travel experiences inspire you to study poverty? Mr Chow: There was a particular week when I was in New York and Calcutta within the same span of a week. I remember I was in the Wall Street area. You see a lot of people with suits and ties, nice sunglasses, nice iPods. But on the street, you also see beggars. You see people sleeping on the trains, you know, in the wee hours in the morning because that is the only way you can sleep. When I was in Calcutta, I remember that as we were driving from the airport to the city itself, the left lane on the roads were actually full of homeless people sleeping. The reason I got from the locals is that that is the only public space where you can sleep. You cannot sleep outside buildings because the security guards will chase you away. I guess the whole question was: is it better to be poor in New York or Calcutta? You know that question, that curiosity, that concern really hit me, so we started this project. It asks, what does it mean to be poor? How did you come up with the concept behind the project? Why do you take photos of food? Ms Lin: I think food plays a very important part in setting absolute poverty lines. Basically, countries and organisations like World Bank, they will look at what is the minimum amount there, because in the end, food is a necessity of life. So what is the minimum of calories that sustains a person through a day and they will ask, how much then do you need to spend in that country in a day to buy a basket of food items that will meet those calorific requirements? That's the basis of calculating the absolute poverty line. Poverty lines are actually quite controversial in some circles. The line as to whether you are poor or not is debatable. Governments also have a lot of interest in determining where that line falls and deciding how many poor people they have in their country. Did you ever considering using a measurement other than the poverty line? Ms Lin: We grew to understand more about the poverty line through this project. Of course, it's the standard a lot of countries use and it has a lot of meaning that trickles down and impacts people's lives because governments articulate policies and give out assistance based on this poverty line. This is something on paper that affects what people get on their plates at home. Yes, the concept is controversial. For example, India had a debate: is the poverty line set too low? Is it realistic? Can people actually survive on that kind of figure? Have you visited any countries that have stood out from the rest when it comes to documenting the poverty line? Mr Chow: The first country we did it was China. And initially, we found a figure to be 3.3 yuan (53 cents, 35 pence) per person per day. I think that figure shocked me because it is very little to begin with. You buy a coffee outside and it costs three times that amount. When you really go down to the market, you found you actually can afford some stuff. But a lot of things are so far from your choices. The second country we did was Japan. The poverty line is calculated differently, but it is about $5. I was very surprised that even though it is a lot more than 3.3 yuan, the ingredients you can get is also a lot less. You can get a lot less green vegetables for the same amount of money than you can get for 3.3 yuan in China. It certainly gives an insight into how food costs differ in different countries. Why did you decide to take people out of the equation by only photographing the newspaper and the food? Mr Chow: I think that photojournalism, having worked in the field, I think it's a Catch 22 type situation. If I decide I want to focus on poverty, I go and focus on people who are poor. In the end, I might produce results that I was looking for, so it actually skews the message. We basically go into a country with a figure in mind, that's all we have. The newspapers, the food, that's all going to happen randomly. How do you choose the food you are going to photograph? Mr Chow: We certainly talk to people on the ground, poorer people. But we actually choose the food based on research we have done on poor behaviour. Poor people have desires like everyone else. When their income increases, they don't necessarily spend it on more calories. They spend it on better calories. So, I mean that poor people, yes, most of them are stuck with food choices like normal staples, like rice, grain, potatoes, based on where you live, where you are. But every now and then, they also want meat, vegetables, something nice, a dessert, candy. So that's why our photographs actually show that. In America, everyone living there talked about processed food. Fast food is cheap and I actually went that direction. A lot of processed food is fine in that supermarket and we were using $4.90. But the thing I discovered is packaged food is big when they are in their packages. When you take it apart… I remember we got (potato) chips, the bag is big, and the pictures are bigger as all the newspapers were taken at the same scale. I realised how much raw potatoes cost in relation to the chips you get. A lot of it is actually air - fat calories rather than nutrition and the stuff you might need more."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket,\" says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who \"haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible.\" The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? \"For some people it is,\" says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. \"But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. \"The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day.\" The British Dietetic Association says: \"What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better.\" So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. \"There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated.\" Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so \"you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value\". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets \"to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track\". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: \"Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?\" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: \"Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win.\" With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has \"measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables.\" They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this \"would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time.\" And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. \"Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win.\" \"There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it.\" She points out when you look at advertising only \"1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg\". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is \"demonised\". \"It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Shirong ChenBBC China Editor People in small towns and rural areas are becoming especially dissatisfied with their lives, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences says. Some key indicators show that in China overall satisfaction with jobs, social security, and leisure provisions has reached the lowest point since 2006. People are worried about inflation and their personal future, researchers say. In their annual Book of China's Society, the researchers paint a picture that is a far cry from the harmonious society the country's leadership trumpets. Despite China's phenomenal growth, there has been a drop in people's confidence in the economy and in the government's ability to manage economic, social and international affairs. The researchers put this down to the impact of the international financial crisis, rather than any widespread abuse of power or increasing restriction on moving up the social ladder. They say that China is fast moving from an agricultural society to an industrial one, with more farmers leaving the land for the cities. On the sensitive issue of income distribution, the researchers say the rate of wealth growth for the rural population will outstrip that of the cities this year, but the gap between rich and poor is still widening."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The carmaker announced it is to close the factory next summer with the loss of about 500 jobs, along with part of its Dagenham plant. Unite said any action could hit Ford's production across the UK. The city council leader has urged the government to make the site an Enterprise Zone to attract business. Ford has previously said it hoped job losses could be met through voluntary redundancies and relocations. Roger Maddison, national officer for the automotive industry at Unite, said at a mass meeting at the Southampton plant there was a \"unanimous decision\" to oppose the closures. \"Industrial action can not be ruled out and if members are balloted it would affect production not just at Ford's plant in Southampton and Dagenham, but across the UK,\" he said. Mr Maddison added the union intends to hold meetings with members at other businesses which would be affected by the closure. Enterprise Zone Ford has blamed the European financial crisis for a drop in sales. Production from Southampton is set to move to Turkey where workers are paid about £4 an hour. Leader of Labour-run Southampton council Richard Williams said he would raise the consequences of the Ford closure with the Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, at the launch of the City Deals initiative. He urged the government to consider making the Ford site an enterprise zone. He said: \"We've got to strike while the iron's hot - and make sure that there are opportunities for business development and investment there, otherwise if we just sit back and wait for things to happen, nothing will.\" Doug Morrison, from Solent Local Enterprise Partnership, said he \"remained to be convinced\" that an enterprise zone was a good idea. The idea is to be discussed at an emergency meeting of business leaders on Thursday. Mr Morrison said: \"One of the things Ford workers don't want to hear is lots of people sitting around having lots of meetings and discussing things and no outcome. \"What we would like to think on Thursday is that we will get together and come up with some action points.\" The Ford job losses are the latest in a line of cuts in Southampton from the likes of British Gas, Skandia, Vosper Thornycroft, B&Q, HSBC, British American Tobacco and the University of Southampton. The government announced locations for enterprise zones in England in 2011 to try to boost economic growth by offering cheaper business rates, superfast broadband and lower levels of planning control."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mark Drakeford was quizzed by AMs as the firm consults on plans to close its car engine plant in the town next year, with the loss of 1.700 jobs. It was important \"to hear what local people are saying about the possibility to retain work in Bridgend\", he said A senior official said negotiations were also taking place with 17 firms interested in the site and workforce. Mr Drakeford told a committee which scrutinises his work as first minister: \"It is important, I think, not to accept that Ford is going to leave Bridgend, and not to accept that Ford is going to move everything that they're doing out of Bridgend. \"So we're still telling the company that this is a period of consultation that we're undertaking at present and it's important for that to be open and therefore to hear what local people are saying about the possibility to retain work in Bridgend. \"So we haven't given up on that at all but of course we know that that's what Ford has said and that's the intention [to close the plant] so it is important to prepare just in case that does happen.\" He has been asked by South Wales West Plaid Cymru AM Dai Lloyd whether a task force set up in the wake of Ford's closure announcement \"accepts the fact without question that Ford isn't going to play any role in the future of this site in Bridgend and that any new job will come from a new employer\". Mr Lloyd said Ford had offered £1m \"as part of a community fund to try to mitigate the impact of the decision locally, which has been described by come local union officials in Bridgend as a 'drop in the ocean'\". Mr Drakeford responded: \"£1m after 40 years of being there simply does not measure up to the impact or the history or indeed the reputational risk to the company itself, and I made all those points to them.\" Dickie Davies, a senior Welsh Government official who represents Mr Drakeford and Economy Minister Ken Skates in negotiations with Ford, said: \"I have not heard any limit to any form of financial support that the company [has offered] at all.\" Mr Davies said the Welsh Government and UK government were \"currently negotiating with 17 companies who have serious interest in the facility [and] serious interest in the workforce\", should the closure go ahead."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The struggling plane and train maker said 2,500 workers will go in Quebec and another 500 in Ontario. A spokesman said there were no details yet on where the remaining jobs would be lost over the next 12 to 18 months. Bombardier employs 70,000 people, including 4,000 at four locations in Northern Ireland, mainly in Belfast. It also makes trains in Derby in the East Midlands, employing 1,600 there. Bombardier in Derby said there were no indications yet that the job cuts would have a significant impact in the city. A Bombardier UK spokesperson said: \"We will take the necessary time to evaluate what this means for our Aerostructures and Engineering Services business. We will communicate with our employees in more detail over the coming weeks.\" The GMB union, which represents Bombardier workers, said it was demanding answers from the company. Michael Mulholland, a GMB regional organiser, said: \"Bombardier jobs are crucial to Belfast's economy and GMB will fight tooth and nail to save them.\" Unite regional secretary Susan Fitzgerald feared Belfast workers would be affected. \"We're now preparing for them to make further announcements about how they see that having an impact on workers in Northern Ireland,\" she told the BBC. The firm will also sell its Q Series aircraft programme for $900m (£687m) and the de Havilland trademark for $300m. \"We have set in motion the next round of actions necessary to unleash the full potential of the Bombardier portfolio,\" said chief executive Alain Bellemare. Earlier this year, Bombardier sold a majority stake in its loss-making C-Series aircraft to Europe's Airbus, with the plane being renamed the A220. The announcement came as Bombardier unveiled its third-quarter results, in which pre-tax profits doubled to $267m for the three months to September compared with the same period last year. Sales were down 5% to $3.6bn, but revenue is expected to jump 10% to at least $18bn next year. Mr Bellemare was brought in three years ago to shore up Bombardier, which was facing serious financial trouble with the C Series programme and had to be rescued by the Quebec government with a $1bn bailout."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Robin Levinson-KingBBC News, Toronto Betty White and Beatrice Arthur made it look like fun on the popular sitcom the Golden Girls, but what's it really like to share a house with others in your senior years? \"I've been amazed at how good it is,\" Louise Bardswich tells the BBC. Bardswich has been sharing a 4,000-sq-foot home with three other women in Port Perry, Ontario, since 2015. The four of them - Bardswich, 67, Martha Casson, 70, Beverly Brown, 68, and Sandy McCully, 74 - have become evangelists for this kind of housing, and have been dubbed the \"Golden Girls\" by Canadian media. While it's not unusual for relatives or close friends to move in with each other as they age, they believe their situation - the four women were all relative strangers - is the start of a new trend. The idea first struck Bardswich when she had to move her own mother into a retirement home. She had worked with Casson, and the two would talk about the struggles they were both facing caring for their aging parents, and planning for their own retirement. \"It was kind of a window into our futures,\" Bardswich says. Bardswich did the maths for herself, and quickly realised that with inflation, renting in a retirement home would totally deplete her savings. She was also worried about the toll taking care of her would take on her children. \"My kids are lovely, but I knew what it felt like to have to do that for my mom, and I didn't want them to have to go through that,\" she says. Interest in co-living for older people has risen as property rates in many areas around the world have skyrocketed along with the ageing population. By 2036, one in four Canadians is expected to be over the age of 65. According to a report by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, about 700,000 senior-led households currently struggle with housing affordability. It is especially challenging in more rural communities, where there is limited housing stock as it is, and people may have to move far away from their social network in order to find appropriate accommodation. In northern Ontario, a Facebook group for senior living looking to find housemates has attracted almost 1,500 members. Across the pond, a group of women moved into the UK's first co-op housing designed specifically for elderly women in 2016. The housing project had been in the works since 1998, but it encountered several planning hiccups along the way. \"I don't think British society was ready for it, a group of women who were going to take their own destiny in their own hands,\" Maria Brenton told the BBC's Sophie Long in 2016. The women of Port Perry encountered similar setbacks. When a builder applied for a permit to build a six-bedroom shared-ownership home in 2013, the township went as far as to try and pass a bylaw to outlaw this type of communal housing. Casson filed a human rights complaint, and two hours before council was set to vote, Ontario's human rights commissioner sent a scathing letter condemning the proposed bylaw, and reminding officials that that it is against the law to discriminate \"directly or indirectly against groups protected by the (Ontario Human Rights Commission). This includes the obligation to accommodate the needs of older people, people with disabilities and other needs relating to (OHRC) grounds.\" The women finally got their home, at a different building site, in 2015. They're all very frank about the inevitability of ageing. They've designed the house so that they could \"age in place\", and not have to move because of physical limitations. This meant updating the home by installing an elevator, making the bathrooms accessible and leaving two bedrooms open for future live-in nurses. \"We talked about how we did not sign up to be each other's caregivers. When you need help, you're going to have to pay for the help, and if you can't be accommodated in the house with the help than that's the time you'll have to move,\" Bardswich says. The house is also designed to allow each woman as much independence as possible. Each person owns 25% of the property - if someone dies or moves out, their share would be put on the market. In addition, they each pay $1,500 a month towards living expenses, which includes a weekly house cleaner, landscaping, food and wine. They all have their own large bedroom, with a TV and seating area and a bathroom. They share a living room and dining room and large kitchen, complete with two dishwashers, which helps them avoid kitchen squabbles. \"We agreed we would live our own lives. We're all pretty busy and out all the time,\" Bardswich said. But that doesn't mean there isn't time for communal suppers, or wine on the porch. Each woman has brought a unique set of life experiences to the group, which they say makes the living situation even more fulfilling. Between the four of them there are 13 grandchildren, who all come by to visit. Two of the women are widowed, two are divorced. In the summer, they've let theatre students who are in town working in local productions stay in their spare rooms. Brown, who divorced in 1994, says she was initially hesitant about sharing a home after 25 years of living on her own. \"The surprising thing is what I enjoy the most is the company,\" she says. Since moving in, the four women giving regular talks to other older people thinking about sharing. They say their best advice is not to wait, but to plan for your future before others have to plan it for you. Bardswich likes to advise people to find housemates with similar values - \"a Republican and a Democrat shouldn't live together\". But Casson is quick to point out that between the four of them, two are actively religious and two are not. \"You can have some fairly fundamental differences, as long as you have some of the common values,\" she says."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Brian MilliganPersonal Finance reporter, BBC News For the rest of your life, accommodation is effectively free. But this utopian model is becoming the exception. High house prices mean we are borrowing more for longer. And more significantly, the UK is slowly ceasing to become a nation of homeowners. Over the next 15 years the number of people renting their home from a private landlord is expected to double to more than nine million. So how feasible is it to rent when you are no longer earning a salary? 'Black hole' At the age of 52, Simon Marley - who lives in York - is still some way off retirement. But having sold his house to boost his pension fund, he accepts that he will have no choice but to continue renting when he does retire. As a chartered accountant, he's calculated that out of £1,000 a month he expects to get from his pension, up to £700 might have to go on rent. \"It will be an incredibly big burden,\" he says. \"On current figures the rent will be roughly 70% of my monthly income, which is an incredibly large volume.\" To cover the rent he will either have to wait until he gets a state pension at the age of 68, or else do part-time work. He advises other people to plan for retirement earlier than he did. \"People are not addressing their pension provision early enough, or proactively enough. I can't stress how important it is to tackle it earlier rather than later,\" he says. \"Don't leave it till your 50s before you realise that you've got a huge black hole that you can't fill.\" 'Not Eastbourne' Simon's case is not untypical. Within 15 years in the UK, retirees who don't own their own homes will be paying an average of 42% of their income in rent, according to research by Development Economics for Scottish Widows. But pensioners will face very different pressures in different parts of the country, with some areas proving much cheaper than others. (See chart below) The projections suggest that renting in London may become untenable for all but the rich. While retirees in the capital currently spend 66% of their income on rent, they could be spending as much as 80% by 2032. The next most expensive area for retired renters will be the East of England, where the figure could be 45%. Just behind that is the South East, where retirees can expect to spend 39% of their pension income on rent. On the other hand, those in Wales will spend just 24% of their pensions on accommodation, while those in the North East will spend 25%. So feasibility depends very much on the cost of local rents, and whether you may be prepared to move to a cheaper area. If you are going to move, think Newcastle, Swansea or Glasgow, says the report, not Eastbourne or Norfolk. Savings The proportion of pensioners' income taken up by rent is likely to accelerate over the next 15 years, according to the research. At the moment 32% of the average pensioner household's monthly income of £2,374 is spent on rent. By 2032 the average income will have risen to £3,706 - but rents will have risen faster, accounting for 42% of income. (See chart below) All of which suggests that those planning to rent in retirement should consider saving more while they are working. Or else work longer. So while pension firms and insurance companies are fond of telling us to save more - to boost their own profits - they probably have a point. Scottish Widows believes the average renter planning to retire in 15 years' time needs to save £525 a month more than they are saving at the moment. Or else work for an extra five years. Either option is a big ask. \"The number of people renting in retirement is set to treble over the next 15 years,\" says Robert Cochran, retirement expert at Scottish Widows. \"But alarmingly few people are thinking about how they would cover the growing cost of a property lease when they stop working.\" Retirement calculators State pension age calculator DWP How much will I get from a state pension? DWP Combined state, workplace and DC calculator, from Standard Life How much can I earn from a DC pot? Money Advice Service Tenant security If the country builds more houses - and the government's latest target is 300,000 a year - it may be that these projections prove inaccurate. In theory increasing the housing supply should lower rents. However many people are perfectly happy to rent after retirement - perhaps because they want to pass on housing equity to their children. But others - including Simon Marley - worry about the security of renting as they get older. \"Landlords have the upper hand a lot of the time. If someone wants you out with a month's notice, you're done. So there is that sword of Damocles hanging over you all the time,\" he says. Yet since Friday 1 December, those taking out tenancies in Scotland have been given extra protection. Under the Private Housing Act (Scotland), tenants will be able to choose to stay in a home as long as they like - unless they are eligible for eviction on one of 18 grounds. In last month's budget the government announced that a consultation is to take place about similar rules for England. There may be changes in Wales too. While that may provide some comfort for those planning to rent after they stop work, many retirees may need to take a very hard look at how they will afford it."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A Leicestershire hospice said its five star hygiene rating could be jeopardised by accepting home bakes. Leicester City Council said it was not banning the WI from donating cakes, but those who provide food regularly must use a registered kitchen. Meriel Godfrey, of Medbourne Women's Institute, said \"no-one became ill from eating cakes from our donations\". She they were \"very upset\" by the move, adding: \"I know they have to be very careful but we have been cooking cakes for years. \"We know how clean you have to be.\" Ms Godfrey said registering the member's kitchens would be impractical. \"It would mean the involvement of quite a few health and safety people coming round to lots of different kitchens,\" she said. \"As far as we know, no-one became ill from eating cakes from our donations.\" The news follows an Environmental Health inspection at LOROS hospice. Helen Williams, from the hospice, said if it does not comply with the report, it could risk jeopardising its own food rating certificate. She said: \"We have loved receiving donations from so many generous supporters, just like the WI, but unfortunately this is a decision made by the local authority, not by our organisation.\" A Leicester City Council spokesman said it was \"not a ban on the WI providing cakes to LOROS\". He said: \"In line with national Food Standards Agency rules, anyone preparing food for the public on a regular basis needs to register as a food premises with their local council. This includes charities and voluntary organisations. \"The national WI website also advises members that they may need to register. The process is simple and free of charge.\" The Food Standards Agency (FSA) regulations The WI head office said it did not wish to comment directly on the case but confirmed it routinely advised members to contact their local authority in such matters. You may also like: Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"At least 45 people died in the crush at the Lag B'Omer festival, near Mount Meron, when they became trapped in an overcrowded passageway. Some 150 people were injured. The identification process was paused for 24 hours late on Friday to mark the Sabbath, the Jewish day of rest. Work is expected to resume after sunset on Saturday, which ends the Sabbath. So far, 22 bodies have been released for burial. Those who died are believed to be predominantly men or boys from the ultra-Orthodox community as the crush at the largely gender-segregated event happened in one of the men's sections. Some victims are believed to be foreign nationals, including several US citizens. UK-based site Jewish News reported that a 24-year-old from Manchester in England was also among the dead. Israel's Health Ministry said some identifications might require DNA, finger printing and dental testing. \"We are working hard, but you have to understand that this is a complex and sensitive process,\" said Dr Chen Kugel, director of the National Center of Forensic Medicine. He said the work must be done \"responsibly\" to avoid errors. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited the scene, and promised that an inquiry would ensure such a tragedy did not happen again. He said it was one of Israel's worst peacetime disasters. One survivor who gave his name as David told Ynet news it had felt like a human wave had broken: \"Our bodies were swept along by themselves. People were thrown up in the air - others were crushed on the ground.\" Medics struggled to reach the injured in the ensuing chaos. Sunday has been declared a national day of mourning in Israel. What do we know about the victims? The bodies of those killed were taken to the Greenberg Institute of Forensic Medicine in Tel Aviv. One of the first funerals to be reported was that of Rabbi Elazar Goldberg, who was in his late thirties. Mourners in Jerusalem wept and prayed as the body covered in a white sheet was moved into the back of a vehicle ahead of burial. Two of the youngest victims were brothers Moshe Natan Englander, 14, and Yehoshua Englander, 9, from Jerusalem. At least two of the dead are US citizens from New York, Congressman Mondaire Jones confirmed in a tweet. Israeli President Reuven Rivlin lit 45 candles on Friday afternoon to commemorate the dead, the Jerusalem Post reports. \"This is the time to hug the families and to help them find their loved ones - to cry together,\" he said. \"This is a hard and painful day. This tragedy is heartbreaking.\" How did the disaster happen? The site includes several large gathering grounds with open-air stands and stages, connected by a network of paths. It was along one of those paths where witnesses said the crush of people began at around 01:00 local time (22:00 GMT Thursday). Some witnesses said the incident had begun when police closed the passageway, said to be 3m (10ft) wide. Police sources told Haaretz newspaper some people had slipped on steps, causing dozens more to fall over. This was not officially confirmed. An injured man lying on a hospital bed said a line of people in the front of the surging crowd had simply collapsed. \"A pyramid of one on top of another was formed,\" the unnamed man was quoted as saying by Reuters news agency. \"People were piling up one on top of the other. I was in the second row. The people in the first row - I saw people die in front of my eyes.\" Dov Maisel, director of operations for volunteer-based emergency services organisation United Hatzalah, told the BBC he had never witnessed such a scene in his 30-year career. \"It felt like a surreal scene where we had over 20 people undergoing CPR by our teams, with limited ability to evacuate from the scene, simply because the place was too overwhelmed with people,\" he said. Witnesses say a police barricade prevented people from leaving the crowded area. Israel's state watchdog, the State Comptroller's office, issued warnings in 2008 and 2011 of the risk of a disaster. Special danger was posed by access roads and paths which \"are narrow and not appropriate to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of people who visit the site\", the office was quoted as saying by the New York Times. What was different this year was that bonfire areas were partitioned off as a Covid-19 precaution and this may have created unexpected choke-points for foot traffic, Reuters reports, quoting Israeli media. Thousands of police officers closed down the event after the crush before helping evacuate attendees. How did the police respond? Investigators will look into whether there was any police misconduct, the justice ministry said. Regional police chief Shimon Lavi told reporters at the scene he took upon himself \"the overall responsibility, for good and for bad\" and was \"ready for every inspection\". He later told AFP news agency his officers had done all they could on a \"tragic night\". Other police officials told local media people had slipped in the walkway and the crush had been \"out of their control\". An unnamed police source told Haaretz the incident could not have been prevented and the police were not to blame. US President Joe Biden called Prime Minister Netanyahu to offer his condolences. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said his thoughts were with \"the Israeli people and those who have lost loved ones in this tragedy\" and German Chancellor Angela and offered her \"heartfelt sympathies\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Israeli military announced that one soldier had died from his wounds, the first in the most recent clashes. Gaza officials said four Palestinians were killed in the strikes, three of them members of militant group Hamas. They said a fourth Palestinian was shot dead during protests along the border. Hamas, who run Gaza, later said a ceasefire had been agreed with Israel. \"With Egyptian and United Nations efforts it has been agreed to return to the era of calm between (Israel) and Palestinian factions,\" Hamas spokesman Fawzi Barhoum told Reuters news agency. Israel has yet to comment on a ceasefire. What about the Israeli strikes? The military said it had struck 15 Hamas military targets in the northern Gaza Strip and an additional 25 in Khan Yunis in the south, adding that the strikes were continuing. The operation came during another Friday of protests by Palestinians at the border between Israel and Gaza. The Israeli army said three projectiles had been fired into Israel by Palestinian militants. Israel last week carried out its biggest attack against Hamas targets in Gaza since the war in 2014, in response to more than 200 rockets and mortars fired into the country. Palestinians have now been protesting at the border for 17 weeks. Gaza health officials say more than 130 Palestinians have been killed and 15,000 injured by Israeli forces during that time. The death of a soldier on Friday is the first Israeli fatality in the exchanges. Human rights groups have accused Israeli troops of using excessive force. Israel says it has only opened fire in self-defence, or on people trying to infiltrate its territory under the cover of the demonstrations. Following Friday's clashes, the UN's envoy for the Israel-Palestinian conflict called on all sides to \"step back from the brink\" of war. \"Everybody understands that unless the situation is defused we will very quickly be back to another confrontation,\" said Nickolay Mladenov. \"I expect all parties, all sides to do their best right now. Not next month, not next week, right now, to prevent this escalation.\" Mr Mladenov called specifically on Hamas and Islamic Jihad - the two largest militant factions in Gaza - to end the launch of rockets and prevent attempts by Palestinians to breach the border fence. Israel resumed air attacks on Gaza after last week's projectile attacks, warning that it would take whatever action necessary to stop incendiary kites and balloons being flown over the border. It accuses Hamas of controlling the makeshift devices, which have set fields in Israel ablaze, as well as orchestrating the protests at the border, which Israel regards as a threat to its border communities. The past week had seen efforts to try to keep the situation under control, but Israel's Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman warned on Friday of a \"much tougher\" response against Hamas if continued to fire rockets from the Gaza Strip. \"If Hamas continues to fire rockets then Israel will respond in a much tougher way than they think,\" Mr Lieberman said in a statement."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Orla GuerinBBC News, Cairo The relatives who departed with her are believed to be among about 500 people who drowned when traffickers rammed their boat. Survivors say the migrants had refused to transfer to a smaller ship, fearing it was less sea-worthy. Traffickers ended the argument by sinking their vessel. For the Bakr family - who are Palestinians - this was the second catastrophe in recent years. Hamas drove them from Gaza in 2007 and seized their business interests. They settled in Egypt but faced many problems so - for the first time - some turned to the traffickers. \"I was completely against it but they kept saying there was no future here, or back home in Gaza,\" said Atef Bakr, a family elder who stayed behind. \"They had this dream to get to Europe and to have a decent life for themselves and their children.\" Mr Bakr, a former colonel in the Palestinian security forces, has the slow speech and reddened eyes of a man crushed by grief. These days he spends his time searching for updates about the disaster and mourning almost two dozen relatives, including his brother, his son and his grandson. His mother, Amina, sat alongside in a white headscarf, recalling better days in Gaza. \"We used to eat together, drink together, do everything together. We hope to God to be reunited one day. We hope to hear that they are all right,\" she said, before giving way to tears. In a bitter irony, most of the dead were strong swimmers as the family were fishermen. \"They used to swim in the sea in all seasons,\" said Mr Bakr. \"They could deal with rough seas and cold water. They were still young. How could they drown?\" The Bakrs set sail from Damietta in northern Egypt where people smuggling is a growth industry. There are said to be about 20 departure points along the coast. \"Last year trafficking wasn't organised but now the gangs are getting connected with each other and the business is getting bigger,\" said Muhammed Al Kashef, a researcher for the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR). \"The traffickers now have more money and more power,\" he said. \"By next year it will be hard to tackle them.\" Mr Al Kashef, who advocates on behalf of migrants and monitors traffickers, says Palestinians, Egyptians, Libyans and Syrians are now involved in the trade. The key traffickers and brokers are shadowy figures known only by nicknames like Abu Hamada (also called the Doctor and the Captain), and the General. Migrants pay at least $2,000 (£1,200) and sometimes up to $4,000 per person, depending on the condition of the boat. The traffickers operate from public places - including harbours alongside tourist beaches - when the coast is clear. Mr Al Kashef says they work between dawn and 5pm to avoid coastguard patrols at night. When migrants arrive at the departure point they are put on fishing boats that ferry them out to larger vessels in international waters. They spend two to three days there waiting for the boat to be filled with hundreds of migrants. When the ship is packed they begin the voyage to Italy. They are transferred en-route to another vessel that brings them to Italian territorial waters. The traffickers then phone an SOS to the coastguard and dump the migrants in the sea. More than 3,000 have drowned in the Mediterranean this year, according to the International Organisation for Migration. But the European Border Agency, Frontex, says a record number - 182,156 - have made it to Europe by sea. That is three times the total for 2013. The dramatic increase in arrivals has prompted European nations to plan their biggest ever exercise to detect migrants. Operation Triton, which will involve more than 20 European countries, is due to begin on 1 November. But the focus will be on border control, not search and rescue. Aid agencies fear that more migrants will now die at sea. 'Panic and exhaustion' Abu Baraa, a father of five, knows the perils of the voyage to Europe only too well. The Syrian refugee, who asked us not to use his full name, has already tried the journey 10 times. In April he was stranded at sea for a week with his wife and children. \"There were 160 Syrians on the boat and 64 Egyptians,\" he said. \"On the third day they told us there was no more water, so we started drinking sea water. It was hot during the day and cold at night. My children became terrified of the sea. Words can't describe the panic and exhaustion and hunger. Those seven days were like seven years.\" They wound up back in Egypt after the traffickers had a row between themselves over money. \"Another boat was chasing us and trying to drown us,\" Abu Baraa said. \"The captain on our boat was very courageous and sailed back to the shore very quickly.\" His wife and children finally made it to Europe in July but he couldn't afford to go with them. He proudly shows me a photograph of his four-year-old daughter Farah, clutching yellow balloons, on her first day at school in Germany. \"I can't say I'm not afraid of the crossing but if I get the money, I'm going to try again,\" he said. \"They are in one place and I am in another. I am like a body without a soul.\" Single conviction If Abu Baraa makes another attempt, drowning is not the only risk he will face. He could be detained by Egyptian police as he tries to board the boat. More than 4,300 migrants have been arrested so far this year trying to leave the country, according to the Egyptian Initiative for Personal rights. This includes eight members of the Bakr family - four of them children - who were due to join their relatives on the ill-fated boat from Damietta. They spent six weeks in custody before being released. Campaigners here say the police are more focused on targeting migrants than those who prey on them. The authorities deny any collusion with bosses of the lucrative people smuggling trade. They admit that only one trafficker has been sentenced to jail in the past five years but say that is because the law is not tough enough."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Alan Stewart, 55, said Elaine Doyle was lying naked in a lane in Greenock, Inverclyde, with her clothes nearby. He told the High Court in Edinburgh there was no doubt she was dead. John Docherty, 49, of Dunoon, Argyll, denies murdering the 16-year-old, who was strangled on her way home from a disco in June 1986. Mr Stewart said he was the first police officer to arrive at the lane where the teenager's body was found. A member of the public who had phoned the police told him where the body was located. He said: \"I saw the naked body of a female. She was lying on her side. Some clothes were nearby. \"I remember a blue leather jacket, a black and white floral dress and a pair of shoes.\" The jury was shown photographs and video footage of the crime scene. Another retired police officer, William Kennedy, 56, also gave evidence, describing how he covered the girl with a blanket taken from a police car. The court heard the blanket could have \"contaminated\" or \"decontaminated\" the girl's body. When asked by defence advocate Donald Findlay what he knew about crime scene contamination, Mr Kennedy replied: \"Next to nothing to be honest.\" John Docherty is alleged to have seized Elaine Doyle by the hair, struck her on the head, removed or compelled her to remove her clothing and strangled her with a ligature. He has lodged defences of alibi and incrimination, claiming the culprit may be among a list of 41 names taken from police files. The trial, before judge Lord Stewart, continues. Related Internet Links Scottish Courts"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Rikki Neave's naked body was found about five minutes' walk from his home on the Welland Estate in Peterborough in November 1994. An investigation into his murder was reopened in June last year and a fresh appeal was launched. A man in his 30s from Peterborough was arrested on Tuesday morning. Rikki was last seen leaving for school on the morning of 28 November. More on this and other stories from Cambridgeshire Post-mortem tests found he had died as a result of compression to the neck. His mother, Ruth Neave, was cleared of his murder at a trial in 1996. She later admitted child neglect and cruelty and was jailed for seven years. 'Speechless and numb' Despite extensive investigations at the time, no-one was ever convicted of Rikki's murder. A BBC Crimewatch television appeal in November resulted in 17 calls to investigators. Information from the public led officers to release an e-fit of two teenage boys they wanted to talk to in connection with the case. They had been seen walking out of the woods where Rikki's body was found on the morning of 29 November. Cambridgeshire Police said it was unable to comment on whether the arrested man was one of the two teenagers pictured. Reacting to the arrest, Mrs Neave's husband Gary Rogers said the news had \"come straight out of the blue for us\" and they were in \"total shock\". \"We always hoped this day would come,\" he said. \"We are speechless and numb, but it's a good day.\" Mrs Neave has repeatedly called for the murder case to be reopened since her acquittal. An arrest proved the police had taken her seriously, Mr Rogers said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Nat Fraser, 53, denies murdering his wife Arlene. Mrs Fraser was 33 when she disappeared from her home in New Elgin, Moray, on 28 April 1998. Her father, Hector McInnes, told the High Court in Edinburgh Mr Fraser said: \"The bairns will soon forget their mother\". Mr McInnes, 71, was recalling a conversation from 14 years ago. Defence QC John Scott agreed it was an inappropriate remark, but said Mr Fraser had a knack of saying the wrong thing at the wrong time. Mr McInnes arrived in New Elgin on Thursday 30 April after driving up from his then home in Lancashire. The retired aircraft fitter said that when he saw Mr Fraser that day he was \"just the usual, calm, collected, not fussed\". The trial also heard from a former forensic scientist who examined Arlene's home following her disappearance. Black Polythene Neville Trower said he was looking for blood or signs of disturbance at the Smith Street property - but there were none. He described the house as \"very clean\". He added: \"This was probably extraordinary in the history of crime scenes I have examined.\" Advocate depute Alex Prentice QC, prosecuting, suggested: \"Despite what we may see on CSI, it is not every crime that leaves a footprint?\" Mr Trower agreed. He also told the trial that he wanted to use a chemical that would show up tiny traces of blood, even if someone had attempted to wash them away. But first the house would have to be in complete darkness and there was not enough heavy duty black polythene in the police station for a blackout, he said. He told the court that in 1998, when the investigation into Mrs Fraser's disappearance began, her children - Jamie, 10, and Natalie, 5 - were still living in the house. Mr Trower said that at the time, there was thought to be a cancer risk from the blood-revealing chemical, so there were health and safety considerations. The tests were finally carried out on 11 May, 1998 when everyone had left. Mr Trower said that in December that year, he also visited Wester Hillside Farm at Mosstowie, near Elgin, because pig farmer Hector Dick, now 56, was suspected of conspiring with Mr Fraser to murder Arlene. Muck and animal droppings in an outhouse were examined without result. Air vent The trial heard that blood was found on a Nissan Bluebird - but it turned out to be deer's blood. Also giving evidence was trained searcher, PC Peter Hall. He said he went to the Fraser house on the evening of April 28, as soon as Arlene was reported missing by a neighbour. He said he met with her husband Mr Fraser that evening, who told him there were two stashes of money in the house, one behind an air vent in Arlene's bedroom and another in a locked gun cabinet in the loft. He said: \"I assumed he was suggesting she had taken it to go away.\" PC Hall said he had searched for the cash but found nothing. He also helped search the house the following day and told the trial that Arlene's rings were not in the bathroom. \"Would you have regarded the presence of such rings as significant in this inquiry,\" asked Mr Prentice. \"Yes,\" PC Hall told him and said he was in no doubt that the rings were not there. They were found more than a week later on 7 May. Mr Fraser denies he strangled his wife or murdered her \"by other means to the prosecutor unknown\". Mr Fraser claims if his estranged wife was killed, another man - Hector Dick - could be to blame. The trial continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"\"Those who were responsible for atrocities should own up to that and confess what they have done,\" said Lord Tebbit. \"In order to seek the forgiveness of those whom they had damaged.\" Sinn Fein will formally announce its intentions for the Irish presidential election later. It announced on Friday that it would be supporting Martin McGuinness for the role. This is expected to be ratified by Sinn Fein's Ard Chomhairle on Sunday Mr McGuinness has secured the necessary support of independent members of the Irish parliament for his nomination. 'Without exception' They are Finian McGrath, Luke Flanagan, Michael Healy-Rae and Tom Fleming. On Saturday, the deputy first minister said he was prepared to meet all heads of state \"without exception\", if he is elected President of Ireland. When the Queen made her first visit to Ireland in May, Sinn Fein did not take part in any of the main ceremonies. He said: \"If the people of Ireland decide that I should be their president, my responsibilities and duties would be to meet heads of state from all over the world and to do that without exception and that would be my position.\" A former IRA commander, Mr McGuinness has been deputy first minister since 2007. While he is likely to face significant scrutiny of his paramilitary past, his party colleagues believe his high profile during the peace process should help build the Sinn Fein vote. Earlier this year, the party won 14 seats in the Irish parliament, Dail Eireann - its strongest performance in the modern era. Fine Gael's Gay Mitchell, Special Olympics boss Mary Davis, businessman Sean Gallagher and Labour's Michael D Higgins of Labour, have already put their names forward for the October election."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Sinn Fein announced on Friday that it would be supporting Northern Ireland's Deputy First Minister for the role. When the Queen made her first visit to Ireland in May, Sinn Fein did not take part in any of the main ceremonies. Mr McGuinness has secured the necessary support of independent members of the Irish parliament for his nomination. They are Finian McGrath, Luke Flanagan, Michael Healy-Rae and Tom Fleming. Mr McGuinness' candidacy is expected to be ratified by the party's executive on Sunday. Returning from a trip to the US on Saturday, Mr McGuinness told the BBC he had given careful consideration to his decision to stand and hoped it would not be divisive. He was asked how he would handle another Royal visit to Ireland, given his party's position on the Queen's historic trip. He said: \"If the people of Ireland decide that I should be their president, my responsibilities and duties would be to meet heads of state from all over the world and to do that without exception and that would be my position.\" Judgement He added that he considered himself to be part of a new atmosphere in the country and that Irish people had \"more sense\" than to be swayed by hostile media. \"The people of Ireland have watched the political progress that Gerry Adams and I have been at the heart of for many years,\" Mr McGuinness said. \"I think I would prefer their judgement than the judgement of media who are looking for spectacular headlines.\" A former IRA commander, Mr McGuinness has been Deputy First Minister since 2007. While he is likely to face significant scrutiny of his paramilitary past, his party colleagues believe his high profile during the peace process should help build the Sinn Fein vote. Earlier this year, the party won 14 seats in the Irish parliament, Dail Eireann - its strongest performance in the modern era. Fine Gael's Gay Mitchell, Special Olympics boss Mary Davis, businessman Sean Gallagher and Labour's Michael D Higgins of Labour, have already put their names forward for the October election."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Enda McClaffertyBBC News NI Political Correspondent It is expected the UK will participate in the EU election on 23 May after a new Brexit date was set for 31 October. Outgoing MEPs Martina Anderson from Sinn Féin and the DUP's Diane Dodds are standing for re-election. Former Ulster Unionist minister Danny Kennedy has launched his candidacy after the party's MEP Jim Nicholson decided to step down. The SDLP leader Colum Eastwood and his Alliance Party counterpart Naomi Long have declared that they will stand as candidates. The TUV leader Jim Allister has also confirmed that he will stand in the European Parliament election. The Green Party has confirmed party leader Clare Bailey as its candidate. UKIP has announced it is running Robert Hill as a candidate in Northern Ireland. The Conservative Party has announced its candidate will be Amandeep Singh Bhogal. The DUP and Sinn Féin claimed more than 45% of the vote combined in the 2014 poll and are expected to retain their seats. But the battle for the third seat could be close. Mr Nicholson claimed his seat for the Ulster Unionists last time after securing more than 2,000 extra first preference votes than the SDLP's Alex Attwood. He was elected on the eighth count when the gap widened to slightly more than 40,000 votes after transfers. Women's Coalition founder and former deputy speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly Jane Morrice is also set to contest the election as an independent candidate. Independent candidate Neil McCann will also contest the election. Former SDLP leader Mark Durkan is hoping to win a seat for Fine Gael in Dublin."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Basildon Council bailiffs, supported by police, cleared the illegally occupied land near Basildon. The council had always maintained it would seek to recoup the multi-million costs from the travellers at Dale Farm. The council said if travellers did not pay, it might seek to seize Dale Farm land. Council leader Tony Ball said: \"It has taken some time, but it is an extremely complex and time-consuming process and I am pleased that it has now been done.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The judge at the High Court told the council it could also remove the majority of concrete pitches on the site. The ruling states however that walls, fences and gates should remain on site. An injunction preventing any removal of travellers from the site is expected to remain in force until at least Tuesday. During Monday's hearing, Basildon Council was seeking the lifting of an injunction put in place when the travellers brought their own legal case in a bid to avoid eviction as bailiffs prepared to move in. The council had been ordered to provide detailed information on how it would approach the clearance of the site. This was done and the council has now won a partial lifting of the injunction. Clearances halted Residents have also made three separate applications for judicial review to stop the clearance of their homes, which are due to be heard later this week. The council has been ordered to pay a third of the travellers' legal costs in relation to the injunction at the centre of Monday's hearing. The authority has been attempting to remove travellers from the Dale Farm site for a decade. The site is on green belt land and is thought to currently house about 400 people on the pitches. The clearance of the six-acre site was halted earlier this month when lawyers for the travellers obtained a High Court injunction preventing bailiffs moving in while the courts were asked to rule on several areas of contention. The Court of Appeal previously ruled against the travellers on a human rights application in 2009."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Liam Hughes, 22, and Jason Parker, 19, both of Coltsfield in Stansted, Essex, appeared before Stevenage magistrates. They are due before magistrates on 28 September where the case is expected to be sent to crown court for trial. A 22-year-old man who was also arrested was released without charge. The sundial sculpture, valued at up to £500,000, and the plinth were taken from the grounds of the foundation museum in Much Hadham. They were recovered by Hertfordshire Police following an appeal on BBC One's Crimewatch programme."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has suggested Scotland could stay in the EU and the UK, with SNP MPs asking if \"remain means remain\" for Scotland. Prime Minister Theresa May said she was \"willing to listen to options\". But Attorney General Jeremy Wright underlined that Holyrood has no \"veto\" and said \"all of the UK\" would leave. Scottish voters backed remaining in the EU by a margin of 62% to 38% in June's referendum, while the UK as a whole voted by 52% to 48% to leave. The Scottish government has set up an expert group to study Scotland's options for retaining links with the EU, with all options including a second independence referendum \"on the table\". During a question session at Westminster, Mr Wright, the chief legal advisor to the UK government, was questioned by SNP MPs on whether Scotland should be allowed to remain in the EU while the UK leaves, and on whether Holyrood could wield a \"veto\". 'Held to ransom' Glasgow Central MP Alison Thewliss then queried whether the government had the legal authority to trigger Article 50, the formal process of leaving the EU, without the legislative consent of devolved administrations like Holyrood. Mr Wright said: \"I think it is perfectly right that all parts of the UK including the governments of the devolved administrations should be able to participate in the process of developing the UK's approach to these negotiations. \"But this does not mean that any of the parts of the UK have a veto over this process - so consultation most certainly, but veto I'm afraid not.\" The attorney general also insisted that \"all of the UK\" will be leaving the EU. David Nuttall, the Conservative MP for Bury North, had voiced his concerns that the UK could be \"held to ransom by the Scottish nationalists\". Mr Wright replied: \"I think the prime minister has been clear that the United Kingdom will leave the European Union, and that means all of the United Kingdom. \"But I think it's very important that in the process of leaving the EU, all parts of the UK have the opportunity to contribute to the negotiations that we will engage in, and that is the spirit in which the UK government will approach this process.\" At her first session of questions to the prime minister on Wednesday, Ms May told the leader of the SNP group at Westminster, Angus Robertson, that \"some of the ideas being put forward are impracticable, but I am willing to listen to options\"."
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Scotland's first minister called Brexit a \"horror show\", saying she was seeking the \"least damaging\" outcome inside the single market. Theresa May is said to be considering appointing a minister for a no deal Brexit in a reshuffle of her cabinet. But Ms Sturgeon said this approach \"beggars belief\", saying Ms May was \"appeasing hard-line Brexiteers\". The Scottish and UK governments have been locked in dispute over the UK's exit from the EU, with Scottish ministers refusing to put forward Westminster Brexit legislation for consent votes at Holyrood until a deal is struck over powers returning from Brussels. Newspaper reports have speculated that the prime minister is set to appoint a junior minister to examine the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a trade deal, as a move to demonstrate to EU leaders that she is serious about this as an option if talks fail. Ms Sturgeon told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland programme she had read the reports \"in disbelief\" and \"despair\", saying: \"It beggars belief. It seems to give the impression that the UK government think this is some sort of game, that Theresa May is more concerned with appeasing the hard-line Tory Brexiteers than she is about acting in the best interests of the country.\" \"No deal is unthinkable. Let me be absolutely clear, no Brexit is preferable to no deal.\" The Scottish government is to set out papers later in January analysing the different possible outcomes of Brexit for Scotland's economy, including single market membership, a free trade agreement with the EU or no deal. Ms Sturgeon said: \"There's no doubt at all that staying within the single market, staying with the customs union is not the best outcome - staying in the EU in my view is the best outcome - but it's the least damaging outcome. \"I think 2018 has to be the year where we see jobs, the economy, the protections that come from EU membership like workers rights, consumers rights, really come to the fore, and the Tory Brexiteers sidelined rather than given greater precedence.\" Ms Sturgeon said she would \"make an assessment and come to a judgement\" about a possible Scottish independence referendum \"once we see the outcome\" of the next stage of Brexit negotiations. On the prospect of a second EU vote, she said this was \"not the position of the SNP, it's not a policy we're campaigning for\", but added that \"as the situation develops, the argument for giving people a say on the final outcome may become irresistible\". She said: \"This is where the EU referendum in 2016 was very very different to the Scottish independence referendum in 2014. In 2016 there was no detail about what the future relationship between the UK and the EU would be if there was a vote for Brexit, and we go into 2018 and we still don't have any detail about that. \"If we did get into a position for example where there was no deal, I'm very clear and I think a lot of people - certainly in Scotland but I suspect across the UK as a whole - would think that in those circumstances, no Brexit was absolutely preferable to a no-deal situation, which would be devastating for so many aspects of our economy and society.\" Mrs May has insisted that she wants to have a deal in place by the time the UK leaves the European Union in March 2019. She told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show there had been a \"a real spirit of cooperation\" between negotiators from the UK and the EU, seeking \"a deal that is in everybody's best interests\". She said: \"What we want is our own free trade agreement with the European Union. It would be a free trade agreement to cover both goods and services, and what I want to do is to ensure that as we look at the Brexit deal going forward it's important we recognise why people voted to leave the European Union here in the UK. \"Some of that was about free movement, and an end to free movement. Some of it actually was about the issue of the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice and people wanting control, but at the same time I think people still want to have a good economic relationship with the EU so we want as frictionless and tariff-free a trading relationship with the EU as possible \"That's what we mean when we talk about having a free trade agreement which isn't modelled on somebody else's agreement, but is actually the right one for the UK.\""
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[
"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Holyrood's constitution committee has been examining the Referendums Bill, which could pave the way for a vote. The Scottish government says the yes or no question used in 2014 does not need to be tested again by the watchdog. But the committee unanimously said ministers \"must recognise the weight of evidence in favour\" of a fresh test. They want the government to \"come to an agreement\" with the Electoral Commission before the bill reaches the second stage of parliamentary consideration. The Scottish government wants to hold a new independence referendum in the second half of 2020, and has put forward the Referendums (Scotland) Bill to set the framework for this. First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has said the bill should be in law \"by the new year\", but it now faces being amended in light of the cross-party committee's concerns. The 2014 referendum was run on the question \"should Scotland be an independent country\", with the available answers \"yes\" and \"no\". The Scottish government wants to stick with this question for a second poll, but some unionist campaigners have argued that the \"leave\" or \"remain\" approach of the 2016 EU referendum should be used instead. 'Rig the process' The Electoral Commission would usually be brought in to test the fairness of any question put to the public, but the Referendums Bill as it stands says they would not need to be consulted over a question that has been used before. Constitutional Relations Secretary Mike Russell told the committee that the 2014 question was still in \"current use\" in many opinion polls, and said it could \"create confusion\" to test it again. He said he was \"against retesting in circumstances that do not require that\", while Ms Sturgeon has claimed opposition parties are seeking to \"rig the entire process\". The Commission told the committee that they \"firmly recommend\" they be consulted, \"regardless of whether we have previously published our views on the proposed wording\", and were backed in this by a series of other witnesses, including scholars and the Law Society of Scotland. In their final report, the committee unanimously recommended that Mr Russell \"recognises the weight of evidence in favour of the Electoral Commission testing a previously used referendum question, and must come to an agreement based on this evidence with the Commission prior to stage two\". Members also want changes to strip back the powers of ministers to call referendums and set the conditions for them. The bill as it stands would create a general structure for a contest so ministers can set the date, question and campaign period for any referendum without passing a new bill. The committee recommended this be changed so that new primary legislation was required for any referendum on a constitutional issue. 'Alternative approaches' They also said the margin of victory in any poll should be a simple majority. A petition had been lodged with the parliament calling for a two-thirds majority to be required for victory in a new independence ballot, but this was rejected by the committee and has also been dismissed by the Scottish Conservatives. Committee convener Bruce Crawford said the group \"supports the policy objective of the bill - to put in place a generic framework for referendums - on the basis that the bill is amended to reflect the weight of evidence we received\". He added: \"We welcome the approach taken by the cabinet secretary in his oral evidence to our committee where he indicated that he is 'open to alternative approaches to all aspects of the bill' and how it can be improved. \"Our recommendations are intentionally framed to inform an open discussion on how the bill can be improved based on the substantial evidence received.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Catherine EvansBBC Wales News While Leeds and Manchester have the cheapest bills, Cardiff customers typically pay £1,073 on direct debit and £1,175 on prepayment meters. The report is by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), which said energy costs vary regionally because of differing network costs. Consumer Focus Wales said customers were right to ask if prices were fair. According to DECC's quarterly energy prices report, Cardiff households pay an average of £428 a year on electricity and £645 for gas on direct debit. They also spend, on average, £459 on electricity and £716 on gas on prepayment meters. When the bills for gas and electricity are added together, the total energy bills are up to £71 higher per year than in areas such as Leeds, which has the lowest combined energy bills in the UK. 'Severe fuel poverty' The findings are based on an annual gas consumption of 18,000 kWh and electricity consumption of 3,300 kWh. Liz Withers, head of policy at Consumer Focus Wales, said: \"These findings are very worrying for thousands of vulnerable people across Wales. \"Currently, there are 61,000 homes in Wales living in severe fuel poverty, spending £1 in every £5 on keeping their home warm. \"In recent years we have seen big spikes in the cost of heating homes during the winter months, and the devastating impact that can have on household budgets. People shouldn't have to choose between whether to eat or heat but many do.\" She added that, with all but one of the big six suppliers so far raising their energy prices between 10 and 20%, an extra 90,000 households in Wales will find themselves in fuel poverty this winter. \"Consumers simply don't trust that energy companies have customers' interests at heart and rightly question whether prices are fair,\" she said. \"Wholesale costs have gone up but they are still around a third lower than their 2008 peak. 'Lazy behaviour' \"Ofgem declared that energy firms are guilty of greedy and lazy behaviour - bamboozling customers and exploiting structural weaknesses in the market.\" A DECC spokesman said: \"Energy prices do vary regionally: network costs, which account for 24% of the average gas bill and 21% of the average electricity bill, include the cost of building, maintaining and operating the local gas pipes and electricity wires and the high pressure gas and high voltage transmission networks which deliver energy directly to your home. \"Suppliers are charged for this service and pass on the costs to the consumer. \"The cost of this varies according to region, therefore the costs to the consumer will depend upon the area in which they live.\" He added that independent regulator Ofgem sets price controls which limit the total amount of revenue that distribution and transmission companies can earn. \"Ofgem have developed a new regulatory model to get the best value for customers, potentially saving consumers £1billion over the next ten years,\" he said. Emma Bush, energy expert at uSwitch.com, said consumers in Cardiff should be \"rightly concerned\" by the findings and urged consumers to shop around for better deals."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In a survey of 500 people, it found that only 35% picked the cheapest deal, when presented with bills in a new format. The new bills - being brought in by the energy regulator Ofgem - are designed to make charges easier to understand. Ofgem defended the changes, saying Which? had not taken account of all its forthcoming reforms. Since January, energy suppliers have had to advertise their tariffs in terms of two rates: The new tariffs are already used on price comparison sites, but the first bills showing them will not be sent out until 1 April. Previously, not all companies quoted a standing charge, and some quoted two tiers of unit rates, a higher and a lower rate. 'Too complicated' But the Which? survey showed widespread confusion when consumers tried to work out which was the cheapest rate on the new-look bills. Even amongst those who used a calculator, only half managed to spot the best deal. The following examples, taken from suppliers' websites, show why the new rates are still potentially confusing: Consumers not only need to so some mental arithmetic to work out the cheapest deal, they also need to know how much gas or electricity they use in a year. \"In spite of Ofgem's tariff reforms to simplify the market, consumers are still failing to spot the cheapest deal because energy pricing remains too complicated,\" said Richard Lloyd, the executive director of Which? The consumer group would like to see a single flat rate for energy, as happens with the price of petrol. Right Deal In an attempt to provide that, Ofgem will introduce a Tariff Comparison Rate (TCR) on bills from April, similar to an APR comparison on a loan. This is designed to combine the Standing Charge and the Unit rate into a single measure. For example, bills might show a TCR of 15.24p/kWh, which consumers should be able to compare directly with other suppliers. But Which? warned that TCR is calculated only for a medium user of energy, so it does not always provide an accurate guide for switching supplier. Ofgem said it had conducted widespread research amongst consumers before deciding on its reforms. \"We are confident that our reform package will make the market simpler, clearer, and fairer for consumers, and make it much easier for them to choose the right deal,\" said Philip Cullum, Ofgem's Consumer Partner."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Brian MeechanBBC Wales business correspondent Ian Price said the Welsh Government has also been too slow on delivering a reduction in the number of councils and has not successfully tackled issues such as poor productivity. In a new report, the CBI also calls for reduced taxes to be considered. The Welsh Government said it was for the leadership candidates to respond. A report from the business body calls for a \"more nimble, efficient and effective Welsh Government\" and an \"honest and open dialogue about past successes and failures\". The measures suggested include: Ian Price, CBI Wales director, said the next first minister needed to review the decision-making process in government. \"A change of first minister is the right time to look afresh at the Welsh Government's ability to deliver change. \"With the devolution of income tax, only by growing our economy will Welsh Government get the additional revenue to enable it to invest in our much loved public services.\" The three Labour leadership candidates were asked for comment. Mark Drakeford AM said he had published a detailed manifesto, which included creating a law to put ethical employment and \"the pursuit of equality\" at the core of policy delivery. He also said he would focus on Welsh firms and use the Development Bank for Wales to invest for the long term. Vaughan Gething AM said the current ambiguity within the leadership contest on a number of topics such as the M4 relief road and support for Wylfa B \"isn't washing with our membership, businesses or the public...\". He added that \"doing nothing\" was not an option on the M4 and clarity was needed on their support for Wylfa B. Eluned Morgan AM had not responded at the time of writing."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Andrew Chan was sentenced to death in 2006 for his role in a drug trafficking group known as the Bali Nine. Michael Chan addressed Indonesian President Joko Widodo directly, apologising for his brother's actions and pleading for clemency. The executions by firing squad are believed to be imminent. Mr Widodo has dismissed previous calls for the death sentences against Andrew Chan and fellow Australian Myuran Sukumaran to be commuted. On Saturday, Mr Widodo said Indonesia's stance was \"clear\" on the pending executions, despite a suggestion by Australia's Prime Minister Tony Abbott that he was \"carefully considering\" his position. Addressing Mr Widodo, Michael Chan told Indonesia's TV One: \"We are very sorry for this situation and we apologise for Andrew. It has brought a lot of unnecessary shame to Indonesian people and the country.\" Michael Chan said his brother and Sukumaran were \"trying to keep hope\" and wanted to continue their rehabilitation in Kerobokan prison on the island of Bali. \"All the painting, computer classes, rehabilitation around church services and all those things the boys have done in the last 10 years, they would like to keep doing that,\" he said. Andrew Chan was ordained as a minister during his time in the prison and works in the prison chapel. Who are the Bali Nine? Who are Chan and Sukumaran? Five minutes of the interview were broadcast, with Indonesian subtitles. An earlier 15-minute interview with the families of Chan and Sukumaran for Indonesian television was cut to just 45 seconds and not translated. The death sentences have strained relations between Australia and Indonesia, which were only just recovering after being badly damaged by a spying row in 2013. Australia has been working behind the scenes to save the men's lives. But Mr Widodo dismissed Mr Abbott's suggestion he was reconsidering his position in an interview with Indonesian media on Friday, saying: \"Our stance is clear. Our laws cannot be interfered [with].\" Earlier in the month, all of Australia's living former prime ministers made a united plea for Indonesia to spare the lives of Chan and Sukumaran. Indonesia has some of the toughest drug laws in the world and ended a four-year moratorium on executions in 2013."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Supreme Court convicted Kpatcha Gnassingbe, the former defence minister, of trying to depose the president in 2009. Another half-brother, Essolizam, a businessman, was acquitted. Faure Gnassingbe took power in 2005 following the death of their father, Gnassingbe Eyadema, who ruled Togo for 38 years. The court convicted an army general and a major with Kpatcha Gnassingbe. Twenty other suspects, including Essolizam, were acquitted. 'Childhood rivalry' The BBC's Ebow Godwin in the capital, Lome, says Kpatcha Gnassingbe did not seem worried by the sentence. Instead, he smiled and waved as he was led out of court, our reporter says. At the time of the alleged plot, elite forces raided Kpatcha Gnassingbe's home, causing a bloody gunfight. He was arrested as he sought refuge in the US embassy in Lome. Family sources trace the bitterness between the two brothers to their childhood when Kpatcha, who was bigger than his older brother, was alleged to have made attempts to intimidate and bully Faure. The sources say Kpatcha challenged the now president to a traditional wrestling bout but slipped at a crucial point and Faure won."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The official Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) rose to 51 from 50.3 in July. The PMI is a key gauge of the sector's health and a reading above 50 indicates an expansion. China, the world's second-largest economy, has taken various steps to boost its economy after its growth rate slowed for two quarters in a row. \"We are seeing clearer signs of economic conditions improving,\" said Haibin Zhu, chief China economist at JP Morgan in Hong Kong. 'Concrete policy announcement' China's economy expanded by 7.5% in the April to June quarter from a year earlier - down from a growth rate of 7.7% in the previous three months. There have been concerns that its growth rate may slow further in the coming months, not least because of a slowdown in demand for Chinese exports from key markets such as the US and Europe. That has hurt China's manufacturing and export sectors, which are key drivers of its economic growth. Prompted by the slowdown in external demand, Beijing has been trying to boost domestic consumption in an attempt to rebalance the economy and sustain high levels of growth. Last month the government suspended value-added tax and turnover tax for small businesses with monthly sales of less than 20,000 yuan ($3,257; £2,125). The decision is expected to benefit more than six million small companies and boost employment. Beijing has also said that it will implement measures to simplify customs clearance procedures, cut operational fees and facilitate the exports of small and medium-sized private enterprises. Mr Haibin said, \"the recent shift in the policy stance and more concrete policy announcement\" had been a key reason behind the recovery in the sector."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Christine Shawcroft replaces Ann Black as the head of the committee, which investigates allegations of sexual harassment, anti-Semitism and disciplinary breaches. It comes after Momentum increased its hold on Labour's executive committee. Some critics in the party said it was a sign it was run by a \"leftist clique\". Blackadder star and Labour member Sir Tony Robinson accused supporters of Mr Corbyn of \"undermining\" Ms Black, whom he described as \"a radical voice for ordinary members on the NEC with an awesome work rate\". But a Momentum source said there had been widespread frustration with Ms Black and that trade unionists and shadow cabinet members had also voted to replace her. Ms Shawcroft has been a Labour member for 20 years, holding several officer roles within the party. Analysis by BBC political correspondent Iain Watson Elections to rather obscure internal Labour committees rarely make the headlines. But people who describe themselves as moderates are arguing that Momentum has now increased its grip on the party's levers of power. And they say it's significant that the group has moved against someone who is regarded as being on the left, not the right, of the party. The disputes panel had been chaired by Ann Black - who was popular with many at the grassroots. But she had upset some in Momentum when she'd backed rules which would have made it harder for newer members to get a vote in the last Labour leadership election. They believed this favoured Jeremy Corbyn's opponent. Momentum sources argue that they could not have changed the chair of the disputes panel without the backing of key shadow cabinet and union members, too. Momentum was formed from Mr Corbyn's successful Labour leadership campaign and has since become a major player in the direction of the party. On Monday its founder, Jon Lansman, was among three new members voted on to the ruling National Executive Committee. As Labour's supreme decision-making committee, the NEC plays a key role in the overall direction of the party as well as helping set the rules for leadership contests."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Enda McClaffertyBBC News She described it as \"natural move\" as she shares many of the same values as the SDLP around social justice. Ms Cahill will replace former councillor Christine Robb who recently stepped down. \"I don't think people will be shocked by this move\" she said. \"I have worked very closely with the SDLP in west Belfast on community and social issues and have voted for the party there in the past.\" It will be Ms Cahill's first move into politics in Northern Ireland having previously served as a senator for the Labour Party in the Republic of Ireland. She did not seek re-election. 'Regretted' joining RNU She said she remains a proud member of Labour - the SDLP's sister party. Ms Cahill was also once a member of Republican Network for Unity (RNU) - a group opposed to the Good Friday Agreement. But she later said she regretted joining that organisation. Eight years ago she went public with claims republicans covered up her alleged rape by an IRA member. She claimed the IRA forced her to confront her alleged rapist before forcing her into silence to protect the republican movement from her claims. The IRA man she accused denied the allegation and Sinn Féin denied the cover up. Unionist engagement Ms Cahill said she was now looking forward to serving the people of Lisburn and Castlereagh and building on the good relations she has forged with unionists. \"I'm not going in as a nationalist councillor just to represent people from a nationalist tradition. \"I do want to reach out and believe very strongly in reconciliation and respect, they are not buzz words you throw out at election. \"I can do proper work on the ground and I hope people from the unionist community will see that as a positive step,\" she said. She also revealed the SDLP's move to allow a conscience vote on abortion reform was one of the factors in her decision to join the party. She is pro-choice but respects the rights of others to make their own decisions. \"I come from the tradition that I don't want to judge anyone without walking a mile in their shoes,\" she said. Asked about ambitions to one day become an SDLP Assembly member at Stormont, she said: \"I ruled that out in the past and I'm ruling that out now too.\" She also revealed that she has yet to decide if she will contest the council elections next year."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By BBC NewsStaff The paper says the parliamentary Labour party meeting descended into a bloodbath as MP after MP lined up to give him a verbal bashing. The Daily Express describes it as a \"furious\" backlash, while the Times tells how he was \"savaged\" during a brutal inquest. The Daily Telegraph says he faced an \"onslaught of criticism\" over his handling of the campaign, while the Sun reports that he \"infuriated\" MPs by continuing to blame Brexit and the media. HuffPost UK believes that part of the emotion stemmed from the lack of any personal apology from Mr Corbyn. Paul Waugh, the website's executive editor for politics, suggests that whoever replaces him as leader, Tuesday's meeting \"showed just how difficult it will be for any pro-Corbyn contender to keep order in a shattered party in Parliament\". The Spectator's deputy political editor, Katy Balls, notes that \"despite the anguish, not one MP called directly on [Mr Corbyn] to go immediately\". Instead, she says, the focus was on ensuring that the leadership contest next year was a \"fair fight\". The Guardian has an interview with the shadow Brexit secretary, Sir Keir Starmer, in which he criticises what he calls the \"baggage\" that Labour took into the election. He tells the paper that the party did not deal with anti-Semitism - and that \"became a question of values and a question of competence\". Sir Keir - who admits he's \"seriously considering\" standing for the leadership - says Labour must return to being a \"broad church\". In short, he concludes, \"it can't be a fight for one side to obliterate the other\". Prime Minister Boris Johnson's plan to pass legislation preventing an extension of the post-Brexit transition period beyond December next year is - concludes the Financial Times - a \"high-risk strategy\". For the paper, it sends a \"clear signal that he intends to seek only a minimal agreement with the EU\". The Times reports that the EU believes the move is just \"sabre-rattling\" - and a predictable gambit before trade talks next year. The Sun feels Brussels now looks \"as keen as [the prime minister] to sign a rapid new free-trade relationship by this time next year\". The Guardian notes that, while the legislation would not prevent Mr Johnson from changing the law again to allow extra time, government sources believe \"the symbolic legislation will focus minds in Brussels\". Writing in the Daily Mail, Stephen Glover argues that \"by insisting it must be done quickly, and on his timetable, [Mr Johnson] has seized the initiative\". He acknowledges there are risks, but he thinks \"a satisfactory agreement can be reached by the end of next year, and the perils of No Deal averted\". But the Daily Mirror doesn't believe the prime minister can be \"trusted\" to deliver a Brexit that protects workers, consumers and the environment. In Scotland, the front page of the National highlights Nicola Sturgeon's call for parties in Scotland to unite to demand a second referendum on independence. The Press and Journal also leads on her comments, describing her stance as defiant. The Scotsman feels she made an \"audacious bid to exploit new divisions within Scottish Labour over the issue of a second independence referendum\". The Herald believes she also hinted that Mr Johnson's plans to accelerate the approval of the EU Withdrawal Agreement Bill would be the \"next constitutional flashpoint between Holyrood and Westminster\". City AM reports on what it calls the prime minister's \"surprise step\" of boycotting the World Economic Forum in Davos next month. The Guardian says he's banned ministers from attending \"as he seeks to consolidate the party's position among working-class voters\". The Financial Times quotes a senior Tory figure as saying it would be inappropriate for ministers to go to the elite gathering, because the party's \"focus is on delivering for the people, not champagne with billionaires\". Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning The Times highlights new research which found that UN peacekeepers \"fathered hundreds of babies in Haiti then abandoned young mothers to lives of single parenthood and poverty\". A team from the University of Birmingham conducted more than 2,500 interviews as part of the study. The Times calls for the establishment of an international body with jurisdiction over all UN staff. A spokeswoman for UN Peacekeepers condemned the behaviour of some who have served in Haiti. The newspaper also publishes a letter from a group of doctors and health professionals warning that air pollution could lead to hospitals and GP surgeries being clogged up with thousands of cases of asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. They say \"the severe pressures in the winter months are being exacerbated by preventable causes\" - leading to a \"public health crisis\". The i newspaper also highlights the concerns, with the front page headline: \"Air pollution linked to NHS winter crisis\". The Daily Mail remembers the life of the D-Day veteran whose speech at the 75th anniversary commemorations this summer received a standing ovation from the Queen, US President Donald Trump and other dignitaries. The death of John Jenkins - who was 100 - was announced on Tuesday. After landing at Arromanches in 1944, he moved ammunition from the beaches to the front line. He later took part in the liberation of a German concentration camp. Speaker of the House of Commons Sir Lindsay Hoyle had been planning to wear the traditional Speaker's wig at the State Opening of Parliament on Thursday - but, as the Daily Telegraph reports, it has vanished."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The prince said the images had been taken in circumstances in which he had a reasonable expectation of privacy, as it was on a private beach. Prince Harry was on the beach with his girlfriend Meghan Markle. Mail Online said it had been provided with credible information that the prince had been on a public beach. Swimming shorts Prince Harry also complained that he was engaged in private activities unconnected to his public role and was unaware that he was being photographed. The prince said Mail Online had made no attempt to seek his consent or to establish the circumstances in which the photographs had been taken before publication. The article, published on 4 March, was headlined: \"Time to cool off! Happy (and hunky) Prince Harry enjoys a dip in the ocean as he and Meghan relax on the beach in Jamaica.\" It included several photos showing Prince Harry wearing swimming shorts, at a beachside bar and in the sea. Mail Online said it had relied on the information it received and had published the images in good faith. It added that it was unfortunate and regrettable that it had been misinformed about the circumstances in which the images had been taken and it had not been its intention to cause distress to the prince. 'Unacceptable in circumstances' In its ruling, the Independent Press Standards Organisation (Ipso) said: \"The complainant had been photographed during his leisure time on a private beach at a private resort. \"Indeed, the article itself stated that the complainant was staying at a private resort.\" It continued: \"The images, which had been taken without consent, showed the complainant wearing swimwear and engaging in private leisure activities in circumstances in which he had a reasonable expectation of privacy. \"Photographing an individual in such circumstances is unacceptable, unless it can be justified in the public interest. \"The publication had not sought to justify the publication of the images in the public interest.\" Ipso ordered Mail Online to publish the adjudication on its website. Prince Harry also complained to the watchdog on the basis of accuracy but this was not upheld."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge was photographed in the garden of Clarence House. The picture, showing the prince grinning at something - or someone - off camera, was taken after the christening of Prince Louis. The photographer, Matt Porteous, had also taken private pictures for William and Kate at the christening of two-month-old Louis earlier this month. The picture, tweeted by Kensington Palace, was accompanied by a message of thanks from the duke and duchess to everyone for their \"lovely messages\". George was last seen, alongside his siblings and parents, at the christening in The Chapel Royal at St James's Palace. It was the first time the family-of-five had been seen together. George Alexander Louis of Cambridge was born in the private Lindo Wing at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, at 4.24pm on 22 July 2013, weighing 8lb 6oz. A great-grandson of the Queen, he is third in line to the throne. He has made a number of public appearances in the past 12 months, including on the balcony at Buckingham Palace for the Queen's official birthday celebrations in June. The young prince was seen having fun with Savannah Phillips, the seven-year-old daughter of William's cousin Peter and his wife Autumn Phillips, who jokingly told him to shush and put her hand over his mouth. He was also a page boy at the wedding of his uncle Prince Harry to Meghan Markle in May. George recently completed his first year at school, Thomas's Battersea in south London, where he played a sheep in the nativity play at Christmas. He is said to love helicopters and flying - perhaps taking after his father, who worked as an RAF search and rescue helicopter pilot. To mark his birthday, a new £5 coin has been issued by the Royal Mint, showing St George and the Dragon on its reverse. You may also like:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Jawad IqbalAnalysis and insight editor@JIAnalysisBBCon Twitter The Prince of Wales warned that young people are being radicalised at an \"alarming rate\" and that it is one of the \"greatest worries\". Prince Charles went on: \"The frightening part is that people can be so radicalised either through contact with somebody else or through the internet, and the extraordinary amount of crazy stuff which is on the internet.\" Prince Charles put his finger on an issue that refuses to go away and his intervention is just the latest in a series of attempts to discuss this pressing problem. But it is easier said than done, as Communities Secretary Eric Pickles found when he wrote an open letter a few weeks ago to 1,000 Islamic leaders asking for their help in dealing with radicalisation. His co-signatory was Lord Ahmad, who just happens to be Muslim. Not that it helped much. The letter got short shrift in some quarters. The Muslim Council of Britain, an organisation that claims to represent 500 mosques, schools and charities, was particularly fierce in its criticism of the letter - even though Mr Pickles didn't write to the MCB. Ibrahim Mogra, the assistant general secretary of the MCB, dismissed the initiative. He said that imams had been working for years to \"better educate\" young people, and that the demand could fuel anti-Muslim sentiments in British society. The main source of radicalism is the internet, not mosques, he went on. But critics of the MCB said its response was an attempt to shut down discussion rather than engage in a constructive dialogue. In some ways, this goes to the nub of the issue. Those on one side of the argument accuse Muslims of keeping their heads down, averting their gaze, and not condemning loudly enough the role of extremists. On the other side, Muslims say there should be no pressure on them to speak and they should not have to prove their legitimacy as citizens. And anyway, they go on to say, they do condemn atrocities - but this is lost in the noise around the atrocity in question. In writing to imams and others, ministers again highlighted the role of mosques in tackling extremist ideology. The precise role of mosques though is hard to assess. Who runs Britain's mosques? Much is made of the influence of the Saudi-inspired Wahhabi sect (or Salafis, as they prefer to call themselves) in Britain's mosques, but this is a relatively small school of religious influence here. The bigger school of Islamic thought is believed to be that of the Deobandis, a conservative interpretation of Islamic law that governs teaching in almost half of Britain's mosques. But generally speaking there is no hierarchical Muslim religious leadership, no single authority figure the equivalent of, say, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and imams have a fair degree of independence. Expulsion of extremists Official government policy has tended to focus on expelling controversial imams or denying visas to extremist preachers. In the past certain mosques - for example, Finsbury Park in north London where the radical cleric Abu Hamza was based - are known to have played a role in driving young and impressionable recruits into the hands of extremists. But others argue that more recently this malign recruiting role has been taken over by the internet and social media. This is an ongoing argument. For example, the Quilliam Foundation, an anti-extremism think tank, published some research on the issue last year. It suggested that the \"majority of radicalised individuals came into contact with extremist ideology through offline socialisation prior to being further indoctrinated online\". In other words, the radicalisation seed is sown through person-to-person contact first of all. The Pickles letter, his supporters would argue, is the kind of thing ministers have been saying for some time in relation to extremism. And in defence of Mr Pickles, it has to be acknowledged that speaking about extremism is fraught with political and cultural traps. Ministers are rightly worried that some terrorist atrocity might happen on their watch. And in the wake of the attacks in Paris, who wouldn't be? But at the same time they don't want to put a step wrong in dealing with a community that, rightly or wrongly, feels put upon. The Muslim leaders from their viewpoint presumably see themselves as negotiating a difficult path. Their own legitimacy as leaders is constantly open to question - after all, Britain has many Muslim communities. Communication dilemmas But ministers' attempts to reach out - or not - to British Muslims during heightened concern over terrorism have always posed dilemmas. The coalition government has come under attack from one of its own former members. Baroness Warsi, the first Muslim woman to sit in Cabinet, has rounded on the government's strategy towards Muslims, saying its failure to engage had fuelled resentment in the Muslim community. The same issue - how to engage with the Muslim community - was resolved in the Blair government by hugging close the Muslim Council of Britain, even though it is - and was - a largely self-appointed body. But the relationship wasn't without its ups and downs. Ministers distanced themselves from the group over its damaging refusal to attend Holocaust Memorial Day. Then, in 2009, the then Communities Secretary Hazel Blears severed links with the MCB after its deputy secretary general, Daud Abdullah, declared his personal support for Hamas in Gaza. The organisation, some claim, has never really recovered in official circles. When David Cameron became prime minister, he demanded the MCB distanced itself from Dr Abdullah. The Prevent anti-extremism programme has been another bone of contention between ministers and critics of government policy in dealing with extremism. The Labour government spent millions of pounds on the scheme - which really came into its own in the wake of the 2005 London bombings - but its impact has been hard to quantify and critics claim it has stigmatised Muslims. The Home Office has in recent years cut counter-terror funds to many Muslim organisations as part of its reform of the Prevent strategy. It continues to draw fire from a variety of quarters. Risk of alienation The former head of MI5, Eliza Manningham-Buller, reportedly says it is counter-productive in that it runs the risk of alienating the very communities whose help is crucial in tackling extremism. Others claim that Prevent highlights a wider fault in official thinking, with too much focus placed on dealing with radicalisation and not enough attention paid to tackling issues such as integration and alienation. In truth, no-one really knows how to connect all the dots in the journey that takes an apparently ordinary young person and turns him or her into a violent extremist. And for a grouping that is almost constantly in the news, misconceptions about Muslims are still commonplace and can't help when it comes to making policy. For example, the actual percentage of Muslims in the UK is around 5%, but those surveyed by Ipsos Mori recently said they thought it was 21%. Hardly surprising perhaps given the number of stories about Muslims in the media. Religious conversion - an issue in prisons where the number of Muslims is now at an all-time high, according to Ministry of Justice figures - is not necessarily the same as radicalisation, and counter-terrorism policies face the challenge of distinguishing between legitimate expression of faith and extremist ideologies. Illiberal beliefs and practices, however uncomfortable, do not always end up in violent extremism. And perhaps just as importantly for politicians and policy makers, the biggest challenge of all is how to get the message through to all of Britain's Muslims, a community - indeed communities - comprised of Shia and Sunni, speaking a number of different languages and made up of many ethnicities."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dr Nicola Brink described the decision as a \"heavy responsibility\", but said it was the \"right thing to do\". The director of public health said Guernsey's mortality was the \"lowest in the British Isles\", with just 14 confirmed and three presumptive deaths. She paid tribute to those who died, emphasising they were all \"important\". The island's initial lockdown lasted for 88 days, with Guernsey, Alderney and Sark operating essentially without restrictions between June and 23 January, when a second wave of the virus was detected and a lockdown imposed. Nearly all Covid-19 restrictions were lifted again on Monday and the bailiwick has gone 26 days without a new case of coronavirus. Dr Brink explained they had succeeded in protecting the Princess Elizabeth Hospital. \"So whilst every death is important and every death counts, the fact that we've had the lowest mortality rate in the British Isles related to Covid-19 is something we can justifiably reflect on as a more positive outcome,\" she said. Gavin St Pier, former Chair of the Civil Contingencies Authority, who made the decision to impose lockdown in March 2020, said initially they thought it would last between two weeks and a month . \"I don't think we could have had any expectation at that stage that we would still be managing the pandemic 52 weeks later. \"I think the scale of the decision was weighing upon us all at the time, but even then I don't think we had a full appreciation of what we were facing.\" Follow BBC Guernsey on Twitter and Facebook. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Coronavirus - States of Guernsey"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Howard Quayle said after no evidence of community spread since 30 March it was now safe to do so. Indoor gatherings of up to 10 people will be permitted from Saturday, but social distancing should be maintained and face masks worn, Mr Quayle added. The island entered its third lockdown on 3 March. Mr Quayle said: \"Based on the data society can fully reopen on Monday.\" The use of face masks would increasingly become down to \"personal choice\" from then on, he added. Under the relaxation, all pupils will return to schools, non-essential shops including hospitality will be allowed to reopen and limits on gatherings will be lifted completely from 00:01 BST on Monday. However, border restrictions banning non-residents from entering without special permission remain in place. There are currently 12 active Covid-19 cases on the island, none of which are receiving hospital treatment. Meanwhile, changes to recommendations for the delivery of the AstraZeneca jab have led to a slow-down of the island's vaccination programme. Last week it was confirmed people under the age of 30 would be offered an alternative jab. As a result, all adults are now expected to receive their first dose by the end of the first week in July rather than the end of May, and their second by the end of September rather than August. The island's vaccination programme began on 4 January, and more than 48,600 people now have been given a first does, with almost 15,500 having received both jabs. A total of 1,575 people have tested positive for the virus since the start of the pandemic, 29 of whom have died. Why not follow BBC Isle of Man on Facebook and Twitter? You can also send story ideas to [email protected] Related Internet Links Isle of Man Government - Coronavirus"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Rates are now at the lowest levels since monitoring began seven years ago. Between April and June the number of people with C. difficile fell by more than a tenth compared to the previous three months, and there was a third less MRSA cases. Health Secretary Nicola Sturgeon said despite the improvement there was no room from complacency. She said: \"I have made tackling hospital infections like C. diff and MRSA my top priority because I believe it's vital that we both reduce the misery caused by these infections and increase public confidence in our NHS.\" The government said some of the initiatives which had been introduced to tackle healthcare-associated infections included independent, unannounced inspections, tripling funding to tackle the issue, hundreds more cleaning staff and revamping the senior charge nurse role. Scottish Labour's health spokeswoman Jackie Baillie said she welcomed the fall in rates but warned that the progress should not be \"put at risk by SNP cuts to nurses and cleaning staff\". Related Internet Links Scottish Government"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Karishma VaswaniAsia business correspondent@KarishmaBBCon Twitter Never heard of some of these names? Well, you better start getting familiar with them. The Chinese corporate bigwigs are coming to town. And they're making global headlines with their billion dollar deals. The latest to jump on the bandwagon of the Chinese global acquisition trail? Chinese internet giant Alibaba. It's just announced a $1bn investment in the South East Asia-focused e-commerce start-up Lazada Group. It's buying $500m worth of newly issued Lazada shares and spending another $500m to buy out stakes owned by current shareholders - the UK's Tesco amongst them. It's a smart move - Alibaba has the cash to spend and is looking to diversify its business away from China. Expanding into South East Asia and a new market of potentially 600 million customers is one way to do this. This is all part of an ongoing theme for Chinese businesses. In the first quarter of this year alone, Chinese firms have spent $98bn buying up overseas firms in a range of sectors - from agriculture to property to entertainment. That's a whopping 237% increase from the year before, and is almost worth the entire value of deals signed last year. So what do Chinese companies want? Here are three reasons why Chinese firms are shopping: Going global Chinese firms are keen to increase their global presence, and play alongside the \"big boys\" of business. So the next time you think of a major hotel firm or agri-business instead of Hilton or Monsanto, you'll think of Anbang Insurance or ChemChina. After all, as the world's second-largest economy, China wants to have more of a role on the global business stage too. Also, there's a tacit understanding between politically-connected Chinese business leaders and the government that making these sorts of high-profile corporate acquisitions is a way to show off China's economic might. Servicing the new Chinese consumer As China's middle classes get richer they are heading overseas on holidays, and someone needs to cater to them. This could explain why you're seeing Anbang Insurance looking to buy high profile hotel chains in the US. (The Starwood deal failed, but Anbang bought a string of French boutique hotels a few years ago) Chinese consumers are also spending more money on leisure activities like watching movies, and that could explain the rationale behind Dalian Wanda's decision to pick up a controlling stake in Hollywood film studio Legendary Entertainment for $3.5bn. China's capital flight There's another less talked about reason why all of this Chinese money is leaving the mainland, looking for deals overseas. As China's economy slows down (the weakest growth in a quarter of a century) big corporate honchos are looking to hedge their bets by placing their funds outside of China. The Chinese currency, the yuan, has been on a weakening trend recently, partly as a result of what many see as a deliberate move by China to allow its currency to weaken so as to boost exports. That means if the yuan continues to weaken, it will become more expensive for Chinese firms to buy assets overseas - which may be one reason why you're seeing such a flurry of activity in such a short period of time. So, what happens next? Expect more acquisitions by Chinese firms in the year ahead - but also expect more bumps ahead too. It's a trend that's set to continue, but will almost certainly run into political trouble ahead of the US elections, as a bigger spotlight is shone on China's attempts to snap up overseas assets."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Linda YuehChief business correspondent According to CNNIC, the Chinese Internet agency, there are 618 million Internet users. There's another 700 million people in China so about half of the population is currently online. Impressively, 500 million are mobile internet users. And, 302 million shop online which is 7.9% of total consumption in China. So, there's another one billion people who can shop online and thus a lot more scope for online commerce. China's biggest e-commerce firm Alibaba says that it accounts for 76% of the mobile merchandise market which works out to $37 billion last year. Share sale I've written about how their business is similar to Amazon, eBay, and a few others all rolled into one. So, its IPO can be viewed as a chance for global investors to buy into the rapidly expanding Chinese middle class. It is also another example of a Chinese company \"going global\", particularly by choosing to take its listing to the US. Indeed, the location of the IPO has been a point of debate. Choosing to list in New York instead of Hong Kong, which is where big Chinese firms tend to list, is due to the founder, former schoolteacher Jack Ma's desire to retain control of the company. I've written about how Hong Kong won't allow it, but New York would permit a founding minority shareholder to control the company like Facebook's Marc Zuckerberg. Of course, these days, for investors, it's not as big an issue, but it is a sea change from large Chinese companies that had favoured the home market. Record setters So, with the push for Chinese companies to become multinationals and competitive on the world stage, plus the size of the Chinese market, it's unsurprising that the biggest IPOs on record are Chinese. According to Dealogic, the biggest IPOs have been the Chinese banks, Agricultural Bank of China and ICBC. This is followed by the insurer AIA and then US company Visa. If Alibaba raises $20 billion from its IPO, then it would be larger than Visa and rank as the fourth largest IPO of all time. It means that of the top 5 biggest IPOs, three would be Chinese companies. Of course, there are valuation issues around the Chinese state-owned commercial banks with their state-funded deep pockets. But, Alibaba isn't state-controlled, so its sale of shares would be a better reflection of what to expect from Chinese firms. On the other hand, I've written about concerns over a tech bubble and Chinese companies won't be immune."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ahead of a visit to China, the international trade secretary said \"attitudes needed to change\" in 2018. \"Brexit is not a time bomb to be defused but a great opportunity to be embraced,\" he told Conservative Home. Healthy foreign investment and bulging export order books showed confidence in the UK, he added. The UK is scheduled to leave the EU on 29 March 2019, after which it hopes to be able to negotiate its own trade agreements with countries such as China. The UK is hoping to begin a new phase of co-operation with Beijing in the run-up to Brexit, with more trade and investment in financial services, infrastructure and energy. During his three-day trip to China - the latest in a succession of visits by British ministers - Mr Fox will seek to capitalise on what he said was the \"continued explosion of interest\" from China and other countries in the region in British technology and innovation. 'Vote of confidence' In stopovers in Beijing and Shenzhen, Mr Fox will meet the Chinese Minister of Commerce Zhong Shan and the chairman of one of the world's largest insurance companies, Ma Mingzhe. Ahead of the trip, Mr Fox - one of the biggest cheerleaders for Brexit in the cabinet - said the strength of the British economy belied what he said was the \"wave of negativism\" expressed in some quarters over the country's future economic prospects. In an article for the Tory grassroots website, he said 2017 had seen the highest level of foreign direct investment projects in the UK's history while exporters' order books were \"stronger than at any time since August 1988\". This \"vote of confidence\" from investors, he suggested, was at odds with the \"self-defeating pessimism that is too often on show from certain politicians, commentators and media outlets\". \"It is easy to get the impression that these people would rather see Britain fail than see Brexit succeed,\" he said, adding: \"We need to get beyond the obsession with criticising Brexit, lift our horizons and be out there too.\" Trump tax cuts Critics of Brexit say it will take many years to negotiate individual trade deals with other countries and, even then, they are unlikely to replace all the benefits of existing deals struck by the EU. At the same time, there is uncertainty over what kind of trading relationship the UK will have with the EU. But Mr Fox said global trade growth was likely to come from outside the EU citing, among things, what he said was the \"confident environment\" for business fostered by US President Donald Trump's tax cutting agenda. Mr Fox said his priority was to ensure the UK continued to derive maximum benefits from existing EU trade agreements with other countries ahead of Brexit while laying the ground for new bilateral deals afterwards. China is the UK's eighth largest export market, worth £17bn. The UK recently announced up to £25bn in financial support - including loan guarantees - for UK businesses trading with Chinese counterparts along key transport routes in what is known as the Belt and Road Initiative. Ministers for many years have hailed what they claim is a \"golden era\" of economic relations between the two countries although tensions exist on other issues such as human rights and media censorship."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Linda Norgrove, 36, from Lewis, was killed during a mission to rescue her from hostage takers last year. Her parents John and Lorna Norgrove set up a foundation in her name. In a letter accompanying the charity's first newsletter, they said initially they had difficulties making a mark but have since made good progress. Launched just over a year ago, the Linda Norgrove Foundation has gone on to fund projects helping to improve the lives of disabled children and encourage women's literacy in remote areas. It has also provided financial support to a \"safe house\" for vulnerable women and children and awarded a grant to a new tourism business in the Wakhan Corridor, north-east Afghanistan. In their letter the Norgroves said: \"We have found Afghanistan to be a difficult place to work because of the pace of change, the complicated politics and the security situation. \"At first we didn't seem to be getting anywhere but, as time has passed, we've found our feet and have now made good progress identifying projects that fit with our requirements of making a real difference whilst avoiding aid dependency as much as possible.\" The couple added: \"We are keen on small scale projects that donors can identify with and that we can more easily monitor to ensure that the money has been spent as planned.\" The Norgroves have thanked their supporters and fund-raisers in the letter and newsletter."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Linda Norgrove, from Lewis, had been working in the country when she was seized by rebels in September 2010. She was killed during a rescue attempt by US special forces the following month. The Linda Norgrove Foundation has reported helping to cover the costs of children's surgery and education. The foundation was set up by 36-year-old Ms Norgrove's parents John and Lorna, who still live on the Isle of Lewis. In its latest annual report, the charity reported that it covered the full cost of 10 surgical procedures for children, including four heart operations. Funds also went towards libraries, to projects helping women escape abuse and also small businesses run by women, including one that involves rearing silk worms and weaving the silk. A contribution was also made to the Afghanistan National Juggling Championship. The charities sources of funding include a bothy the Norgrove's built on cliffs near their home 30 years ago. Since recently opening it up to visitors, donations given by those using the bothy has raised more than £1,000 for the foundation. The bothy at Mangersta was recently featured in a bothy guidebook in which it was listed as one of Scotland's top five \"romantic hideaways\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Police said 30-year old Farzana Parveen died on the spot after being attacked with bricks and sticks. Her father handed himself in, but police say her brothers and former fiance, who also took part in the attack, were still free. Correspondents say hundreds of girls and women in Pakistan are killed every year by family members. However, many more killings are believed to go unreported. Farzana Parveen's parents accused her husband, Muhammad Iqbal, of kidnapping her, and had filed a case against him at the High Court. However, she testified to police that she had married him of her own accord. Police said the couple had been engaged for a number of years. As she arrived at the court building for a hearing, police said about a dozen family members pulled her aside and began to attack her and her husband, who managed to escape. Police official Umer Cheema told Reuters that all the family members escaped after the killing, apart from her father, who has admitted his role in her death. The BBC's Shumaila Jaffery says marriage against the wishes of relatives is culturally unacceptable in some parts of Pakistan. Under Pakistani law, the victim's family is allowed to forgive the killer. However, in many cases family members are themselves responsible for the killing."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News Writing in the The Lancet, US researchers say they have regrown the forelimb thigh joint of rabbits using their own stem cells. It was the first time an entire joint surface had been regenerated with the return of functions, they said. The research could benefit patients with damaged hips, shoulders or knees. The team removed the limbs from 10 rabbits and replaced them with an artificial limb-shaped skeleton. This was soaked with chemicals which attract bone and cartilage stem cells. Four weeks later the rabbits had regrown their joints and were able to move normally. \"This is the first time an entire joint surface was regenerated with return of functions including weight bearing and locomotion,\" said Professor Jeremy Mao of Columbia University Medical Center, New York. \"Regeneration of cartilage and bone both from the host's own stem cells, rather than taking stem cells out of the body, may ultimately lead to clinical applications. In patients who need the knee, shoulder, hip or finger joints regenerated, the rabbit model provides a proof of principle,\" he said. Researchers have artificially grown a range of tissue on scaffolding using stem cells for many years, but these have been grown in laboratories. The lab grown tissue has been quite small and has had no veins or arteries to supply them with blood. More recently, however, several groups of researchers have successfully grown tissue inside animals, where blood vessels naturally form as the tissue grows. The US group is the latest to have shown that this is a promising technique - and is the first to have grown a large amount of good quality bone and cartilage into successful working joints. 'Too old' According to Professor Patrick Warnke, a stem cell researcher and plastic surgeon at Bond University in Australia, there is technically no reason why trials should not begin on human patients, for example as an alternative to hip replacements. But he said there were ethical issues to be considered before beginning clinical trials. \"A hip replacement would definitely cure any potential recruit to any clinical trial. On the other hand you have an experimental treatment that may turn out to be a better option - but may not work at all,\" he said. If human trials were to be approved they would not be suitable for very old patients, according to Professor Warnke. \"It would take months of movement, physiotherapy and bed rest for the joint to grow which would be much too long for older people. They would be better off with a normal hip replacement when they can walk out of the hospital after the procedure.\" Professor Molly Stevens of Imperial College London said: \"Growing large areas of tissue is a massively important clinical goal. \"This is the latest study to have shown that there are stem cells in the body that can be harnessed to grow bone and tissue if they are given the right sort of signals.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Fergus WalshMedical correspondent About 20 patients have received bone marrow transplants using their own stem cells. Some patients who were paralysed have been able to walk again. Prof Basil Sharrack, of Sheffield's Royal Hallamshire Hospital, said: \"To have a treatment which can potentially reverse disability is really a major achievement.\" Around 100,000 people in the UK have MS, an incurable neurological condition. Most patients are diagnosed in their 20s and 30s. The disease causes the immune system to attack the lining of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Immune system 'rebooted' The treatment - known as an autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) - aims to destroy the faulty immune system using chemotherapy. It is then rebuilt with stem cells harvested from the patient's own blood. These cells are at such an early stage they've not developed the flaws that trigger MS. Prof John Snowden, consultant haematologist at Royal Hallamshire Hospital, said: \"The immune system is being reset or rebooted back to a time point before it caused MS.\" About 20 MS patients have been treated in Sheffield in the past three years. Prof Snowden added: \"It's clear we have made a big impact on patients' lives, which is gratifying.\" Multiple sclerosis In MS the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord - known as myelin - becomes damaged. The immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin, causing scarring or sclerosis. The damaged myelin disrupts the nerve signals - rather like the short circuit caused by a frayed electrical cable. If the process of inflammation and scarring is not treated then eventually the condition can cause permanent neurodegeneration. The BBC's Panorama programme was given exclusive access to several patients who have undergone the stem cell transplant. Steven Storey was diagnosed with MS in 2013 and, within a year, went from being an able-bodied athlete to needing a wheelchair and losing sensation in much of his body. He said: \"I went from running marathons to needing 24-hour acute care. At one point I couldn't even hold a spoon and feed myself.\" Within a few days of the transplant he was able to move his toes, and after four months he could stand unaided. Steven still needs a wheelchair but is astounded at his progress: \"It's been incredible. I was in a dire place, but now I can swim and cycle and I am determined to walk.\" Holly Drewry was just 21 when she was diagnosed with MS and her condition deteriorated after she gave birth to her daughter Isla. She said \"Within a couple of months I got worse and worse. I couldn't dress or wash myself; I didn't even have the strength to carry my daughter.\" Holly needed a wheelchair before her transplant, but after the treatment she walked out of hospital. She said: \"It's been a miracle. I got my life and my independence back and the future is bright again in terms of being a mum and doing everything with Isla.\" Two years on she has suffered no relapses and there is no evidence of active disease on her scans. Doctors describe her MS as dormant, but there is hope that the transplant might be a permanent fix. Cost-effective The Royal Hallamshire Hospital - together with hospitals in the United States, Sweden and Brazil - is part of an international trial, MIST, which is assessing the long-term benefits of the stem cell transplant. All those on the trial have relapsing remitting MS, where patients experience attacks - or relapses - followed by periods of remission. The treatment involves intensive chemotherapy, so patients are warned that there are side-effects such as nausea and hair loss. Paul Kirkham, another MS patient, said he was glad to have had the transplant but added: \"It does knock you. I'd rather have done 10 rounds with Mike Tyson.\" The transplant involves a one-off cost of around £30,000, which is comparable to the yearly cost of some MS treatments. Because the procedure involves no new drugs and instead re-purposes an existing therapy using the patient's own cells, there is little profit incentive for drug companies to get involved. Prof Richard Burt, Northwestern University, Chicago carried out the first HSCT for MS as long ago as 1995 and is coordinating the international trial which began in 2006. He said: \"There has been resistance to this in the pharma and academic world. This is not a technology you can patent and we have achieved this without industry backing.\" A study published last year involving MS patients in Chicago showed significant reductions in neurological disability, and for some the improvements persisted for at least four years, although there was no comparative control group. The outcome of the more detailed MIST trial - which will report in a couple of years - could determine whether the stem cell transplant becomes a standard NHS treatment for many MS patients. Dr Emma Gray, head of clinical trials at UK's MS Society , said: \"Ongoing research suggests stem cell treatments such as HSCT could offer hope, and it's clear that in the cases highlighted by Panorama they've had a life-changing impact. \"However, trials have found that while HSCT may be able to stabilise or improve disability in some people with MS it may not be effective for all types of the condition.\" Dr Gray said people should be aware it was an \"aggressive treatment that comes with significant risks\", but called for more research into HSCT so there could be greater understanding of its safety and long term effectiveness. Panorama is broadcast on BBC One at 20:30 on Monday 18 January 2016."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The animal, nicknamed Jeremy, was injured in bushfires in Australia's Adelaide Hills earlier this month. He has since made a complete recovery, says Aaron Machado, who operates the clinic that treated the animal. \"The only thing he has to do now is get used to not having any more room service,\" Mr Machado told the BBC. The koala was nicknamed after Jeremy Sparrow, a fire service volunteer who rescued him earlier this month. Jeremy was treated for burns to the paws at the Australian Marine Wildlife Research and Rescue Organisation (AMWRRO) in Port Melbourne. A photograph of him, lying flat on his front with all four paws soaking in a medical solution, was widely shared on social media. Mr Machado, the president of AMWRRO, said it was important to make sure the koala's wounds did not get infected, given that it has a \"very poor, if not obsolete, immune system\". \"It's one thing having a burn, another thing having an infected burn,\" he said. 'Big grumpy bum' Mr Machado said the koala was initially wary of his rescuers. \"He had a big attitude,\" he said. However, the koala became easier to manage \"once he was over that initial shock and he realised that we weren't going to eat him\". \"We realised he wasn't just big grumpy bum, he actually had a big heart.\" Hundreds of animals are believed to have been killed in the bushfires in South Australia this month. The fires raged across some 12,500 hectares (30,888 acres) of land, about 30 minutes drive south east of Adelaide. More than 100 people received hospital treatment, while at least 32 homes were destroyed."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Damien McGuinnessBBC News, Ravensbrück, Germany What is not mentioned is that the clothing is an SS uniform. And that the \"military site\" is Ravensbrück concentration camp for women. Today the flimsy wooden barracks for the prisoners are long gone. All that remains is an eerily empty, rocky field, about 80km (50 miles) north of Berlin. But still standing are eight solidly built, attractive villas with wooden shutters and balconies. They are a 1940s Nazi version of medieval German cottages. That is where the female guards lived, some with their children. From the balconies they could overlook a forest and a pretty lake. \"It was the most beautiful time of my life,\" said one former female guard, decades later. But from their bedrooms they would have also seen chain-gangs of prisoners and the chimneys of the gas chamber. \"A lot of visitors coming to the memorial ask about these women. There are not so many questions about men working in this field,\" says Andrea Genest, director of the memorial museum at Ravensbrück, as she shows me where the women lived. \"People don't like to think that women can be so cruel.\" Many of the young women came from poorer families, left school early and had few career opportunities. A job at a concentration camp meant higher wages, comfortable accommodation and financial independence. \"It was more attractive than working in a factory,\" says Dr Genest. Many had been indoctrinated early in Nazi youth groups and believed in Hitler's ideology. \"They felt they were supporting society by doing something against its enemies,\" she said. Hell and home comforts Inside one of the houses a new exhibition displays photos of the women in their spare time. Most were in their twenties, pretty with fashionable hairstyles. The pictures show them smiling while having coffee and cake at home. Or laughing, arms linked, as they go for walks in the nearby forest with their dogs. The scenes look innocent - until you notice the SS insignia on the women's clothes, and you remember that those same Alsatian dogs were used to torment people in the concentration camps. Some 3,500 women worked as Nazi concentration camp guards, and all of them started out at Ravensbrück. Many later worked in death camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau or Bergen-Belsen. \"They were awful people,\" 98-year-old Selma van de Perre tells me on the phone from her home in London. She was a Dutch Jewish resistance fighter who was imprisoned in Ravensbrück as a political prisoner. \"They liked it probably because it gave them power. It gave them lots of power over the prisoners. Some prisoners were very badly treated. Beaten.\" More on the Holocaust and other Nazi crimes: Selma worked underground in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands and bravely helped Jewish families escape. In September she published a book in the UK about her experiences, My Name Is Selma. This year it will be released in other countries, including Germany. Selma's parents and teenage sister were killed in the camps, and almost every year she returns to Ravensbrück to take part in events to ensure the crimes committed here are not forgotten. Ravensbrück was Nazi Germany's largest female-only camp. More than 120,000 women from all over Europe were imprisoned here. Many were resistance fighters or political opponents. Others were deemed \"unfit\" for Nazi society: Jews, lesbians, sex workers or homeless women. At least 30,000 women died here. Some were gassed or hanged, others starved, died of disease or were worked to death. They were treated brutally by many of the female guards - beaten, tortured or murdered. The prisoners gave them nicknames, such as \"bloody Brygyda\" or \"revolver Anna\". After the war, during the Nazi war crimes trials in 1945, Irma Grese was dubbed the \"beautiful beast\" by the press. Young, attractive and blonde, she was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. The cliche of the blonde, sadistic woman in an SS uniform later became a sexualised cult figure in films and comics. But out of thousands of women who worked as SS guards, only 77 were brought to trial. And very few were actually convicted. They portrayed themselves as ignorant helpers - easily done in patriarchal post-war West Germany. Most never talked about the past. They got married, changed their names and faded into society. One woman, Herta Bothe, who was jailed for horrendous acts of violence, did later speak publicly. She was pardoned by the British, after just a few years in prison. In a rare interview, recorded in 1999 just before she died, she remained unrepentant. \"Did I make a mistake? No. The mistake was that it was a concentration camp, but I had to go to it, otherwise I would have been put into it myself. That was my mistake.\" That was an excuse former guards often gave. But it was not true. Records show that some new recruits did leave Ravensbrück as soon as they realised what the job involved. They were allowed to go and did not suffer negative consequences. I ask Selma if she thinks the guards were diabolical monsters. \"I think they were ordinary women doing diabolical things. I think it's possible with loads of people, even in England. I think that can happen anywhere. It can happen here if it's allowed.\" It's a chilling lesson for today, she believes. Since the war female SS guards have been fictionalised in books and films. The most famous has been The Reader, a German novel that later became a film starring Kate Winslet. Sometimes the women are portrayed as exploited victims. At other times as sadistic monsters. The truth is more horrifying. They were not extraordinary monsters, but rather ordinary women, who ended up doing monstrous things."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Martin Stern, 81, was one of the first to experience what is believed to be a unique exhibit. Researchers have turned a photo of the 1943 liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto in to virtual reality (VR), allowing visitors to look around inside it. Mr Stern said he hopes it will better engage young people and make them ask questions. The retired physician, who now lives in Leicester, spent months in Theresienstadt as a child, a ghetto and transit camp in what was then Nazi-controlled Czechoslovakia. He was asked to try the virtual reality while it was being developed and said: \"I was very impressed, it's amazingly real. \"Years ago I went to an Anne Frank exhibit in Leicester where a group of young Jewish boys were being shown round - it was just black and white photos pinned up and they were yawning. \"For a new generation, you need to talk to them in the language they are using. Being surrounded by the VR brings it home.\" It is part of the Eye As Witness: Recording the Holocaust exhibit created by the University of Nottingham and the National Holocaust Centre and Museum. The original image, taken for Nazis propaganda purposes, shows a group sitting on a kerb watched over by a soldier but thanks to the VR goggles, viewers can also see what may have been happening beyond the frame. Professor Maiken Umbach, from the university, said: \"The VR is an invitation to contemplate what choices the photographer made, what might have been left out.\" For example as eyewitnesses told them there were many more soldiers than shown in photos. The Warsaw Ghetto was set up in 1940. Hundreds of thousands died behind its walls or were sent to death camps. It was shut down after the remaining inhabitants rose up in 1943. 300,000People sent from there to gas chambers by September 1942. Professor Umbach added they did not want to use the VR \"voyeuristically\" by showing too much violence and they had deliberately chosen not to make the image too realistic. She said the aim is to make people think critically about photos from past or current events rather than feel they had \"gone back\" to the Holocaust. The exhibition will be touring a number of venues from Monday until 24 March 2021. Follow BBC East Midlands on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The amateur photographs are among the few records of excavations at Sutton Hoo in 1939, the National Trust said. School mistresses Mercie Lack and Barbara Wagstaff took pictures as archaeologists studied the construction of an Anglo-Saxon burial ship. Their photographs are now on show at the Sutton Hoo visitor centre. It said it believes Ms Lack and Ms Wagstaff were tipped off by an archaeologist and arrived on site shortly after a helmet, gold jewellery and other treasured possessions had been removed. The impending outbreak of war meant the keen amateur photographers captured a phase of the excavation that received little public attention. Royal visitors During their time at the site, archaeologists were looking into the ship, now thought to be used to bury Anglo Saxon King Raedwald, who was laid to rest with the artefacts already found. The National Trust said the photographs showed archaeologist Basil Brown, who made the discovery, and visitors including Princess Marie Louise, the granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The collection also includes some of the earliest colour images from an archaeological site, which have allowed experts to gain further insight into the painstaking nature of the excavation, the National Trust added. Until now, the majority of the prints have been kept in storage to conserve the collection and only a handful has previously been seen before, published in books. Angus Wainwright, the National Trust's regional archaeologist, said: \"These photographs are important not only for the light they shed on the excavations, but as a historic collection in its own right. The fact that there were only a few British women photographers around at that time makes the collection even more special. \"We hope that this exhibition will help us unearth more about the ladies behind the camera, as well as trace the individual who kindly donated this amazing collection to Sutton Hoo.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Provisional figures from Scotland's electoral registration officers show 1,010,638 people are now registered to vote by post on 6 May. It accounts for nearly one quarter of the electorate (23.8%) and is the highest number ever registered for a postal vote in Scotland. Postal ballots must be received by 22:00 on polling day. SCOTLAND ALERTS: Get extra updates on BBC election coverage At the last Holyrood election in 2016 there were 726,555 registered postal voters, amounting to 17.7% of the electorate. The head of the Electoral Commission in Scotland, Andy O'Neill, said: \"With many people voting by post for the first time this May, it's really important that they follow the instructions in their postal ballot pack to make sure their vote can count. \"Half of all postal votes rejected at the last UK general election were because the signature or date of birth did not match their application. \"Extra care needs to be taken when filling in these parts of the postal voting statement.\" How does postal voting work? The deadline to apply for a postal vote was 6 April. It is still possible to apply for a proxy vote where a voter can appoint someone they trust to cast their vote. The deadline to apply for a proxy vote is 27 April."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"However, people in parts of the North East could be casting ballots in more unusual places. Some may quench their thirst for democracy by voting in a pub or a cafe. Other unusually located polling stations include a landmark windmill and a 12th Century castle. A modern browser with JavaScript and a stable internet connection is required to view this interactive. More information about these elections Who can I vote for in my area? Enter your postcode, or the name of your English council or Scottish or Welsh constituency to find out. Eg 'W1A 1AA' or 'Westminster' The reason is that in places where there is a shortage of civic buildings, many businesses opt to let councils set up polling booths on their premises rather than having to erect temporary buildings, the Local Democracy Reporting Service said. One of the most majestic places to cast a ballot must be the 12th Century Walworth Castle, near Darlington, which is now a hotel. ENGLAND'S ELECTIONS: THE BASICS What's happening? On 6 May, people across England will vote for new councillors, mayors and police and crime commissioners. Register to vote here. Why does it matter? When parties win control of a council, they decide policies for your area which could affect services ranging from social care to rubbish collection. Find out more about what councils do. Who can vote? Anyone who lives in England, is registered to vote and aged 18 or over on 6 May is eligible. Find your local election here. Just outside Sunderland, Fulwell Windmill, which dates from the 19th Century, is hosting a polling station in its tea rooms. But perhaps the most spectacular will be found at the Gun Inn in Ridsdale, which commands stunning views of the Northumberland countryside. Follow BBC North East & Cumbria on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"All MPs were ordered back to Westminster this week after a period of being allowed to work from home. But concerns have been raised that those who are shielding for age or health reasons will be disenfranchised. These MPs will be allowed to speak in debates and plans to allow proxy voting will be announced next week. An online voting system, which was used on a handful of occasions, has been ditched in favour of them forming socially distanced queues to vote. Speaking at Prime Minister's Questions on Wednesday, Boris Johnson apologised \"to all those with particular difficulties because they're shielding or they're elderly\" adding \"they should be able to vote by proxy\". Individual MPs will not have to explain why they are not in Westminster under the new system, but in a letter to MPs Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle said he envisaged four main categories eligible to work from home: He said MPs would not qualify for virtual participation simply because their regular travel arrangements were unavailable. Sir Lindsay emphasised that self-certifying MPs would be able to choose when to return to work, but \"it will not be acceptable to participate virtually in an urgent question and then participate in person in a debate\". It comes after many MPs criticised the government's plan to end virtual proceedings and return Parliament to its usual way of working. Many said this would disadvantage MPs who have underlying health conditions, who have been told under the government's advice to remain at home. The House of Lords has also announced plans to implement a hybrid system, combining virtual and physical proceedings. It says it expects most members to continue to participate via online working. The Lords authorities have made changes to the chamber to allow for social distancing, including \"improving ventilation and to minimise door handling\". The Lords will also implement an online voting system \"in the coming weeks\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Owain ClarkeBBC Wales health correspondent Merfyn Jones and chief executive Mary Burrows resigned from Betsi Cadwaladr Health Board (BCUHB), which runs hospitals across six counties. A damning report found a breakdown in the relationship at the top contributed to \"significant management failings\". The public accounts committee is asking Mr Jones about what went wrong. Ms Burrows is expected to provide written evidence to the AMs. Other senior NHS managers will help run the health board while the search goes on for a new chair and chief executive. BCUHB runs general hospitals stretching from Bangor to Wrexham and has a budget of around £1.2bn. Three weeks ago one of the most critical reports ever produced about a Welsh health organisation identified a catalogue of serious problems in the way the NHS in north Wales had been run. The investigation by the Wales Audit Office and Health Inspectorate Wales found that the relationship between the two individuals at the top of the health board had deteriorated to such a degree that it compromised the leadership of the whole organisation. The issues included: Health Minster Mark Drakeford told AMs on Tuesday that the report made \"sobering reading\" but meant that Wales' NHS inspection and supervision procedures were able to pick up the problems. He said an advert for a replacement for Prof Jones has already been placed while another for the vice chairman - Dr Lyndon Miles who also stood down a few days after Prof Jones and Mary Burrows - will be placed \"very shortly\". He said the health board had brought in an expert in infection prevention to advise on its procedures on preventing infections, in particular c.dificile, as well as specialist nurse. Also Public Health Wales was keeping eye on the health board's monthly progress. Mr Drakeford said he would update AMs on the health board's progress in September."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust has appointed experienced administrator Jules Preston to start in October. David Stone, appointed in an interim capacity in March, will leave at the end of the month, said the trust. This year the trust was criticised for closing overnight A&E services in Pontefract and both the chairman and chief executive left. Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust has to save £24m by April 2013 and in April revealed it was losing £100,000 a day. The trust has since reopened Pontefract Hospital overnight A&E services and also runs hospitals in Wakefield and Dewsbury. It employs more than 8,500 staff. Mr Preston served as chairman of the Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust and was formerly a non-executive director of the area's strategic health authority. He also held senior positions with the Manpower Services Commission. Stephen Eames, interim chief executive said the trust faced \"some considerable challenges\" over the next few months."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust (ULHT) closed Grantham Hospital's unit a year ago because a lack of doctors. In February, Lincolnshire County Council asked Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt to review the decision. Mr Hunt then called for the Independent Reconfiguration Panel (IRP) review and backed its view the unit should not reopen until it had \"sufficient staff\". More on this and other Lincolnshire stories The county council's Conservative leader Martin Hill described Mr Hunt's decision as a \"disappointing result\". \"The fear that this 'temporary closure' would be anything but temporary, has proved to be entirely founded\", said Mr Hill. \"It is unacceptable that Grantham district has had a substantial change to hospital services for over a year without proper consultation or planning.\" 'Honest appraisal' ULHT employs about 17 doctors across its three sites in Lincoln, Boston and Grantham, and needs a minimum of 21 to keep all of them open for 24 hours. The trust's actions led to protests from a campaign group opposed to the closure of the unit from 18:30 to 09:00. Mr Hunt referred the closure decision to the IRP in February. The IRP report added: \"The panel considers that the time has come for an open and honest appraisal, both of the options for future emergency care delivery at Grantham and more widely across Lincolnshire.\" Dr Neill Hepburn, medical director at UHLT said the trust was pleased at the panel's decision not to review the closure. \"We are also pleased they agreed with the Trust that in the interests of patient safety, we shouldn't fully reopen Grantham A&E unless there is sufficient staff. \"ULHT remains committed to fully reopening Grantham A&E but only when safe to do so,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Carrie GracieChina editor@BBCCarrieon Twitter In a move which signals President Xi Jinping's hard-fought victory in a battle for supremacy over the party high command, the Xinhua news agency says Mr Zhou is to be investigated for serious disciplinary violations, a shorthand for corruption. \"No matter how big the tiger, as long as it breaks the law… and violates party rules, that tiger will find it hard to escape the iron cage.\" This was the verdict from the party's mouthpiece, the People's Daily, on news of the investigation into Zhou Yongkang. But with his public disgrace, China's politics moves into uncharted territory. Mr Zhou is the most senior politician to be humiliated in this way in decades. During the reform era of the past 35 years, there has been an unwritten pact that those arriving at the top do not attack those departing, an effort to avoid the political savagery of the Mao era. Zhou Yongkang retired from running the powerful security apparatus at the same moment in 2012 when Xi Jinping was elevated to the Party leadership. But with today's announcement of the investigation into Mr Zhou, President Xi has torn up the rulebook for top level Chinese politics, and other powerful veterans will worry that they might be next. Disappearance from public eye Zhou Yongkang rose from a poor family to become an oil engineer, accelerating through party ranks to run China's biggest oil company and then Sichuan, a province of 80 million. He crowned his career with a seat at the party's top table, the Standing Committee of the Party Politburo. Beyond his home village, he could never have claimed to be the most loved man in China, but until 2012, he could claim to be the most feared. Today's announcement from China's official news agency gives no detail of the allegations against Mr Zhou. But many observers believe his fate may have been sealed when his protege, Bo Xilai, fell from power as a result of a sensational scandal involving his wife's prosecution for the murder of a British businessman. It was clear that Zhou Yongkang was in trouble when he disappeared from public view late last year. In the intervening months, his name has gone unmentioned in state media but one after another his political allies, whether in the oil industry, in Sichuan province or in the security system, have fallen prey to an increasingly intense anti-corruption campaign. Family members, drivers, bodyguards and proteges were caught up in the net. Today's announcement was only a matter of time. 'Tigers as well as flies' China's one-party political system lacks the kind of electoral cycle which makes room for new people and new ideas and an anti-corruption campaign has often been a convenient means for a new leader to neutralise rivals and consolidate power. But with today's public disgrace of such a senior figure, Xi Jinping is signalling that his campaign is different. For years Communist Party leaders have warned that rampant corruption is the greatest threat to the party's survival. It is impossible to exaggerate the depth of public cynicism about China's political class. And the figures involved are staggering. As the economy has surged, senior officials have plundered billions in public assets, many hiding their fortunes in offshore accounts and foreign assets. Critics accuse Mr Xi of hypocrisy, observing that some in his own family have got rich in these years. But his declared determination to tackle \"the tigers as well as the flies\" has won the president public popularity and signalled to the giant party and government bureaucracy that he is serious about tackling vested interests, especially those who might be minded to obstruct his planned economic reforms. Many thousands of officials have already been investigated and there is no sign of the campaign losing steam. The People's Daily said tonight: \"The situation is still grim and complicated….Fighting corruption won't end. Taking out Zhou Yongkang is not the end. This is only one step, one stage. Whoever is corrupt will be punished.\" For Xi Jinping this is an important personal victory. He has ended the uncertainty over whether he could land one of the biggest \"tigers\" of them all and prove himself the unchallenged strongman at the top. But one comment on social media asked tonight whether Zhou really was \"the king of the tigers or just any other tiger?\" And many Chinese will speculate about the remaining \"tigers\" still at large, the former or current leaders shielding family members with corrupt business empires. What's more, today's announcement does nothing to rescue the reputation of the Party itself. And delivery of such a hugely significant political stroke in a terse one line statement on the official news agency and broadcast news serves to underline how little either the Chinese public or the world at large are permitted to know about the internal politics of the world's second-largest economy."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Zhu Weiqun, the head of the Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee of the national political advisory body, said on Wednesday that the Dalai Lama had committed \"dual betrayal\" by commenting on reincarnation, reports the Xinhua News Agency. The 80-year-old spiritual leader has suggested that he may not have a successor, saying it would be better to end on a popular Dalai Lama rather than be replaced by a poor one. In parallel he has put in place a system for electing a political leader for the Tibetan community in exile. China, meanwhile, insists it will choose the next Dalai Lama. \"Politically speaking, he has betrayed his homeland… The reincarnation of the Dalai Lama must be approved by the central government,\" Mr Zhu says, adding that the spiritual leader had also \"betrayed Tibetan Buddhism\". Mr Zhu's remarks come after a top Tibetan official on Monday accused the Dalai Lama of \"blasphemy\". Agreeing with Mr Zhu, Xiong Kunxin, an expert in ethnic policies at the Minzu University of China, says the central government \"could still set out to search for his reincarnation according to Buddhist rules and foster him\". \"It's not up to the Dalai Lama to decide whether or not he will have a successor,\" the pundit tells the Global Times. Asean chief Elsewhere, papers criticise Asean (Association of South East Asian Nations) Secretary-General Le Luong Minh after he accused China of \"complicating situations\" in the South China Sea. In an interview with Philippine media outlets, Mr Le reportedly said that Asean rejects China's policy asserting its sovereignty in the region. The Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan all have overlapping claims with China in the South China Sea. China's foreign ministry said Mr Le's remarks were \"highly inappropriate\". \"One piece of advice for Mr Le is that he should do his job as the secretary-general and strictly abide by the neutral stance that the Asean takes on the South China Sea issue,\" says Hong Lei, the ministry's spokesperson. A front-page commentary in the overseas edition of the People's Daily lashes out at Mr Le for being \"unreasonable\". \"As a secretary-general of an international organisation, he should speak only for the group… He should have some self-respect and abide by international regulations when he speaks,\" says the article. \"Secretary-General Le is being unreasonable. He is the one who is further complicating the situation in the South China Sea and that will affect the integration of the Asean,\" it adds. BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Karishma VaswaniAsia business correspondent@BBCKarishmaon Twitter And in many ways, over the last several months, it has been a gripping thriller for interested Malaysians. But on Tuesday, Malaysia's top prosecutor cleared Prime Minister Najib Razak of corruption in a long-running financial scandal that involved millions of dollars, an overseas donor and questions about government conduct to boot. And what a gripping tale it has been. Here's what we know: So we're left with yet another mystery - this time a sum of a smaller amount, but big questions all the same. Some of Malaysia's ruling party leaders have reportedly said money was used in the general election of 2013 - but critics say it was used to buy political patronage. And in many ways, many of the previous questions have yet to be answered. Why did the prime minister need this money in the first place? And what of the vigorously denied allegation that the funds came from IMDB - the ailing state investment fund which has Mr Najib as chairman of its board of advisors. This scandal couldn't have come at a worse time for Malaysia - the country has been hit by falling oil prices and the reputational damage to its economy can't fully be quantified. It's thought that millions of dollars have been pulled out of the Malaysian economy as a result of the impact of the global financial turmoil in recent months. Further, there is a nervousness surrounding the way the economy is being run - and the perceived lack of transparency there isn't helping. The fact that Malaysian shares and the currency barely reacted to this news on Tuesday just reflects the ongoing fatigue that many Malaysians have with the state of affairs. But every good thriller or mystery usually has a twist. Investigations have been completed and the case is closed in Malaysia, however, 1MBD may yet have to answer questions from foreign authorities looking into the case of the \"mysterious millions\". Watch this space."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The acting US envoy to the UN, Richard Mills, told the Security Council that Mr Biden supported a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. To help advance one, he said, the US would \"restore credible engagement\". Palestinians broke off contacts with Mr Trump's administration and rejected his peace plan as biased towards Israel. The plan, unveiled a year ago, envisaged recognising Israeli sovereignty over Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank and Jordan Valley, and Jerusalem remaining Israel's \"undivided capital\". It also proposed the creation of a Palestinian state in about 70% of the West Bank, all of Gaza, and with its capital on the fringes of East Jerusalem. Israel occupied the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the 1967 Middle East war. Most of the international community considers the settlements illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. At a Security Council debate, Mr Mills said the Biden administration would \"urge Israel's government and the Palestinian Authority to avoid unilateral steps that make a two-state solution more difficult, such as annexation of territory, settlement activity, demolitions, incitement to violence, and providing compensation for individuals imprisoned for acts of terrorism\". It also intended to renew US relations with the Palestinian leadership and Palestinian people, which had \"atrophied over the last four years\", restore US assistance programmes and humanitarian aid, and take steps to reopen diplomatic missions that were closed, he added. \"We do not view these steps as a favour to the Palestinian leadership,\" Mr Mills stressed. \"US assistance benefits millions of ordinary Palestinians and helps to preserve a stable environment that benefits both Palestinians and Israelis.\" \"At the same time, I must be clear, the US will maintain its steadfast support for Israel,\" he added. Mr Mills also said that while the Biden administration welcomed deals establishing diplomatic relations between Israel and four Arab states that were brokered by Mr Trump, it recognised that \"Arab-Israeli normalisation is not a substitute for Israeli-Palestinian peace\". Before Mr Mills spoke, Palestinian Foreign Minister Riad al-Maliki said: \"We look forward to the reversal of the unlawful and hostile measures undertaken by the Trump administration and to working together for peace.\" Israel's representative to the UN, Gilad Erdan, said \"the only way to achieve real peace is through direct, bilateral negotiations\", and that the Security Council should call on the Palestinians to begin talks based on Mr Trump's plan, \"which is a good starting point\". Palestinian leaders broke off contacts with Mr Trump's administration in 2017, after he decided to recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital and move the US embassy to the city from Tel Aviv. In 2018, Mr Trump ended hundreds of millions of dollars of funding for the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), which provides assistance to 5.5 million people across the Middle East, calling it an \"irredeemably flawed operation\". The Trump administration also closed the office of the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) - the internationally recognised representative of the Palestinian people - in Washington, saying its leaders had failed to engage with peace efforts. And in 2019, the state department reversed a long-held US position by declaring that West Bank settlements were \"not per se inconsistent with international law\". Mr Biden is expected to reverse that decision, but Secretary of State Antony Blinken has said he will not undo Mr Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital or return the US embassy to Tel Aviv."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Israel would now have to \"bear all responsibilities... as an occupying power\", Mr Abbas said. Similar warnings in the past have ultimately not been followed through. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu wants to apply Israeli sovereignty to Jewish settlements and the Jordan Valley. The move would be in line with US President Donald Trump's \"vision for peace\" between Israel and the Palestinians, which was unveiled in January. Mr Trump's plan also envisages a Palestinian state in about 70% of the West Bank, all of Gaza, and with its capital on the fringes of East Jerusalem. The Palestinians - who claim all of the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem - have dismissed the plan as biased towards Israel and a denial of their rights. Israel has occupied the territories since the 1967 Middle East war. More than 600,000 Jews live in about 140 settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Most of the international community considers the settlements illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. After a meeting of the Palestinian leadership in Ramallah on Tuesday night, Mr Abbas said: \"The Palestine Liberation Organisation and the State of Palestine are today no longer bound by all agreements and understandings with the American and Israeli governments, and by all the commitments derived from those understandings and agreements, including those relating to security. \"From now on the Israeli occupation authorities must bear all responsibilities and commitments toward the international community as an occupying power.\" The BBC's Tom Bateman in Jerusalem says such a move, if implemented, could trigger dramatic changes on the ground in the West Bank, where accords dating back two decades affect the daily lives of Palestinians and help prop up an internationally recognised leadership. Among the most sensitive is security co-ordination between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, our correspondent adds. Mr Abbas has made previous threats to scrap the agreements, ultimately not delivered upon. But this latest involved some of the toughest rhetoric yet. A senior Palestinian official told the BBC the threat was serious, and that a committee would discuss implementation. However, it is understood no new orders have been received so far by security forces on the ground. Mr Abbas also called on other countries to impose \"serious sanctions\" on Israel if Mr Netanyahu's new coalition government proceeded with its annexation plan. On Friday, the European Union's foreign policy chief, Josep Borrell, made clear that it opposed any unilateral action being taken with regard to the West Bank. He said the bloc would use all of its \"diplomatic capacities\" to prevent it and ensure international law was upheld. King Abdullah II of Jordan, one of only two Arab states to have signed a peace treaty with Israel, meanwhile warned of the potential consequences. \"What would happen if the Palestinian National Authority collapsed? There would be more chaos and extremism in the region. If Israel really annexed the West Bank in July, it would lead to a massive conflict with the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,\" he told Der Spiegel magazine."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Barbara Plett UsherBBC State Dept correspondent, Washington Not if you look at what's actually happened. President Trump may have stoked fears and churned up chaos with his erratic and volatile Twitter feed. But he has not torpedoed the alliances he has questioned. He hasn't started any new wars and, by and large, he's followed the script of his predecessor, Barack Obama, for the old ones. So, while he may have shaken things up, he hasn't blown anything up. But has this unorthodox commander-in-chief edged us closer to some sort of global crisis? Here are my takeaways. Middle East victory - Islamic State Since he became president, the Islamic State group has been all but defeated in Iraq and Syria - the IS caliphate has been eliminated and its remnants are on the run. Yes, the group has spawned active affiliates in other parts of the world, and it's a brand that continues to inspire extremist violence. But its nerve centre has been severed, making its threat less potent. One can argue about whether Mr Trump is entitled to claim credit or whether he simply completed what Mr Obama started. He did follow Mr Obama's template - supporting local forces with bombs from the air and special operations forces on the ground - but accelerated the campaign and gave American commanders more authority to run it. That \"had a major impact\", says Brett McGurk, the special envoy for the global coalition to counter the IS group, who has worked for both presidents. Either way, it happened on Mr Trump's watch, and is arguably his biggest foreign policy success. Middle East instability - Iran A year ago, the Americans and five other world powers had reduced the threat of an Iranian atomic bomb with an agreement that limited its nuclear programme. The deal is broadly seen to be working, but Mr Trump says it's deeply flawed and needs to be \"fixed\". He's threatening to abandon it unless the Europeans who helped negotiate it take a harder line. Mr Trump wants to make the nuclear restrictions permanent, restrict Iran's ballistic weapons programme and counter \"malign\" Iranian activities not covered in the accord, such as its support for regional proxies that threaten Western allies. These are things the Europeans agree need to be addressed, but not by enfeebling the nuclear deal which, they say, is crucial to their security. There are three potential dangers if the agreement unravels - greater instability in the Middle East, especially given Trump's strong support for Iran's regional rival, Saudi Arabia; and a weakening of the transatlantic alliance, which has been a cornerstone of global security since World War Two. It could also undermine the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty on which the Iran deal was built, says Angela Kane, until recently the UN's top disarmament official: \"We need to have this as a gold standard.\" Nuclear war back on radar North Korea's Kim Jong-un has made the world a more dangerous place by building nuclear weapons and threatening the US with them. But Mr Trump has made the situation more dangerous by responding with fiery rhetoric, increasing the risk of accidental conflict with the reclusive and paranoid regime. True, he swings between hurling insults and threats to expressing a willingness to talk. Right now he's doing the latter, going with the flow of the Olympic détente between the Koreas. And the administration has built a strong coalition of international support for a higher-pressure strategy, united in its demand that Pyongyang give up its nuclear weapons. That, says John Negroponte, deputy secretary of state under George W Bush, shows Mr Trump is trying to make the world safer. People \"got all upset because he called Kim Jong-un 'Rocket Man' at the… United Nations, and that's endangering world peace? Come on!\" he says. \"Sticks and stones will break my bones but names will never hurt me!\" Patrick Cronin, an Asia expert at the Center for a New American Security, says Mr Trump's brinkmanship serves a purpose: \"Kim thinks we don't use force and that's why President Trump is right to kind of stress, in his maniacal way, that 'you don't know that.'\" Still, this is the first time the US has threatened to attack a nuclear-armed state since the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. That was dangerous, and less… unorthodox. Read more on Trump's first year Return to Cold War Speaking of the Cold War, the recent false alert in Hawaii that warned of an incoming missile was caused by a worker who pushed the wrong button during a shift change. William Perry, secretary of defence under Bill Clinton, is all too familiar with false alerts - he was awakened by a call from a nightwatch officer in 1979 and thought he was \"about to experience the holocaust\". Mr Perry presided over the dismantlement of nuclear weapons in the 1990s but now warns the threat is back - \"because the US and Russia today are confronting each other with a hostility that's recreating the geopolitical dangers of the Cold War,\" he said at a recent forum. \"And because the US and Russia are rebuilding their nuclear arsenals that's recreating the military dangers of the Cold War.\" This is not Mr Trump's fault, per se. The Russian leader, Vladimir Putin, upped the ante with his interventions in Ukraine, and under Mr Obama the presidents stopped talking to each other in any meaningful way. Mr Trump wants to talk to Mr Putin, probably too much. But he can't, because the controversy over whether his campaign colluded with Moscow to influence his election has created such a toxic climate in Washington. Ironically the relationship is worse now than it was under Barack Obama. Downgraded diplomacy Donald Trump has made it clear that he prefers generals to diplomats. He's proposed deep budget cuts to the state department and presided over the marginalisation of diplomatic influence in national security decision-making. The militarisation of US foreign policy has been under way for some time, especially since the 9/11 attacks, but Mr Trump has accelerated it. He doesn't seem to understand or care much for diplomacy. When asked about unfilled positions at the state department, he famously channelled Louis XIV, telling a Fox News presenter he was the only one who mattered because \"when it comes to it, that's what the policy is going to be\". Diplomacy is a bit like preventive health care - it solves problems before they become wars. So if you weaken it, you're more likely to have wars. And if Mr Trump wants to #MAGA [Make America Great Again], he'd do well to remember that many of the critical successes of American foreign policy have been diplomatic - think the Marshall Plan, the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty. Its military adventures less so - think Vietnam, Iraq. America in retreat? Mr Trump has begun to unpick America's commitment to a network of agreements that are supposed to collectively solve the world's problems. Withdrawing from the Paris Climate Accord has been the most consequential so far. It's true that the process takes four years and that other factors are mitigating the effects - American states and private companies are continuing with their own clean-power plans. But the US will be doing far less to fight global warming than it might have done. More broadly, Mr Trump's America First rhetoric seems aimed at disrupting the alliances and institutions that have kept the world peaceful since World War Two. Or at least, he is retreating from America's traditional lead role in maintaining them. If Mr Trump \"succeeds in dismantling that order the world will be a lot more dangerous\", says David Ignatius, who writes about foreign affairs for the Washington Post. But, he told me, American power has \"a durability that transcends Trump and his government by tweet\". Richard Haass, of the Council on Foreign Relations, is more pessimistic. He writes in The Atlantic that no other power is capable of taking America's place if it withdraws from actively promoting international order. \"The alternative to a US-led international order is less international order.\" Unreliable and unpredictable You can argue that Donald Trump is driven more by his volatile personality than his commitment to America First. That has introduced an almost permanent element of disruption into US foreign policy, channelled by his Twitter feed and often contradicting his more stable senior officials. Mr Trump's supporters claim the unpredictability of his tweets can be used as leverage in international dealings. Or that they should be ignored as he rarely follows through with his threats. But it confuses allies and adversaries alike about what exactly US policy is and decreases international confidence in American leadership. And that's not a comfortable place to be - having to live with an unpredictable White House in an unpredictable world."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"US tycoon Mr Trump hopes to build the \"world's greatest golf resort\" at Menie, north of Aberdeen. Molly Forbes, 86, raised judicial review proceedings at the Court of Session but has dropped her case. A judge has ruled Trump International Golf Links and Aberdeenshire Council were entitled to expenses. Lord Kinclaven said: \"On the information before me the appropriate course is to find the petitioner (Mrs Forbes) liable in expenses to date. \"There is no good reason for withholding that finding.\" The judge said that the motions for an award by the local authority and golf developer were \"irresistible\". But he said the court did not have to pass decree for immediate payment and he was prepared to allow Mrs Forbes an opportunity to make further submissions on modification of her liability for expenses. Andrew Smith QC, for Mrs Forbes, earlier told the court: \"Mrs Forbes couldn't afford to meet any award of expenses.\" 'Baseless claim' Trump International Scotland said in a statement: \"It is regrettable that an elderly woman has been used to front this frivolous court action. \"There are consequences for filing a baseless claim and her son and lawyers should pay the expenses.\" A spokesman for Aberdeenshire Council said: \"The court has fixed a further hearing for 11 January at which Mrs Forbes will be allowed to seek to have these expenses modified if her Legal Aid position has been resolved. \"The court has wide discretion regarding expenses and may modify her liability to nil, or otherwise limit the amount recoverable. \"Any decision on action to be taken by the council to enforce the award against Mrs Forbes before that hearing would therefore be premature.\" Work on Mr Trump's golf course development got under way earlier this year. The billionaire has said the total cost of the project is likely to be about £750m. Some residents object to the plans, and have refused to sell their land. Many opponents of the development have bought a stake in a one-acre stretch of land at the heart of the resort site in a bid to disrupt it. As well as a championship golf course, the development includes a 450-room hotel, 950 holiday apartments and 500 residential homes."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"In a related case, the court ruled that this information did not have to be shared with Congress. Mr Trump has come under fire for not making his tax returns public like his predecessors. His lawyers had argued that he enjoyed total immunity while in office and that Congress had no valid justification to seek the records. Two Democratic-controlled House of Representatives committees and New York District Attorney Cyrus Vance - also a Democrat - had demanded Mr Trump's tax documents over several years in order to determine whether current conflict-of-interest laws on a US president were tough enough. Mr Trump, a Republican, denies wrongdoing and has called the investigation into his tax affairs a \"witch hunt\". \"The Supreme Court sends case back to Lower Court, arguments to continue. This is all a political prosecution,\" he wrote in a series of tweets following the court rulings. What do the rulings mean? In the case regarding the request from the New York prosecutors, the Supreme Court ruled by a majority of seven to two that the president did not have absolute immunity from criminal investigation. \"Two hundred years ago, a great jurist of our Court established that no citizen, not even the President, is categorically above the common duty to produce evidence when called upon in a criminal proceeding,\" the court said. \"We reaffirm that principle today.\" But the two cases regarding Congressional committees were closely watched, as they could have had implications on how far US lawmakers could scrutinise the activities of a sitting president. The court ruled that Congress had significant, but not limitless, power to request the president's personal information. In this case, the court returned the case to the lower courts. A political win for Trump Those wanting to see President Donald Trump's tax returns before the November presidential election shouldn't hold their breath. In a series of high-stakes rulings on Thursday, the US Supreme Court swatted down the president's defence that, by dint of his high office, he was somehow above the law when it came to state-level criminal subpoenas. That's good news for the president's critics, advocates of limited executive power, and New York prosecutors seeking to investigate Trump's personal finances. The opinion is not-so-good news for anyone wanting a quick resolution to this case, however. Chief Justice John Roberts sent the lawsuit back down to the lower courts and offered a few new legal avenues for Mr Trump's lawyers to pursue that could continue to put off a day when the president's accounting firm ultimately hands over the documents. And if that day comes, there's still no guarantee that the request, by a secret grand jury, will ever lead to a public disclosure. In the other case, involving a request by congressional Democrats for Mr Trump's financial records, the court was even more circumspect. It simply punted the case down to the lower court with instructions to further balance presidential privileges with legislative power. The gears of justice will grind even more slowly there. While legally these decisions may have been, at best, a draw for the president, by pushing the final day of reckoning further down the road, it's a political win. Why do Trump's tax returns matter? Two of the cases centred on the ability of the House intelligence, oversight and financial services committees to compel Deutsche Bank and Mazars USA, Mr Trump's long-time accounting firm, to turn over his tax and financial documents. The committees argued that they needed this information to determine whether current conflict-of-interest laws on a US president were sufficiently rigorous. The case of Trump v Vance was based on on Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance's criminal subpoena - an order to hand over evidence. Mr Vance argued Mr Trump's documents were needed to determine if financial records had been doctored to cover up hush-money payments to two women in 2016 who say they had affairs with Mr Trump. Following the ruling Mr Vance said the investigation into Mr Trump's financial affairs would resume. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat, said she would continue to campaign for Mr Trump's financial records to be handed over to Congress. \"Congress will continue to conduct oversight for the people, upholding the separation of powers that is the genius of our constitution,\" she told reporters. Will we get to see his tax returns? It is not clear whether this will happen. Even if Mr Trump's financial records are turned over to prosecutors, they may remain hidden from public view until charges are filed."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Three of the study's authors said they could not longer vouch for its veracity because Surgisphere, a healthcare firm behind the data, would not allow an independent review of its dataset. Its findings led the WHO to suspend its testing on the anti-malaria drug. But leaders including US President Donald Trump continue to tout its use. Surgisphere chief executive Sapan Desai, the study's fourth author, told The Guardian newspaper he would co-operate with an independent audit but said transferring the data would \"violate client agreements and confidentiality requirements\". What did the study say? Research for the article, published last month in medical journal The Lancet, involved 96,000 coronavirus patients across 671 hospitals worldwide. Nearly 15,000 were given hydroxychloroquine - or a related form, chloroquine - either alone or with an antibiotic. It concluded that the drug showed no benefits against coronavirus and increased the risk patients developing irregular heart rhythms and dying. Mandeep Mehra, a Harvard University professor who led the study, together with Frank Ruschitzka of the University Hospital Zurich and Amit Patel of the University of Utah, said in a statement that they had tried to arrange for a third-party peer review of the data, but Surgisphere had refused to co-operate. \"We deeply apologize to you, the editors, and the journal readership for any embarrassment or inconvenience that this may have caused,\" the group added. Is there any evidence the drug works against coronavirus? There is concern in the scientific community about using such drugs to treat coronavirus. Hydroxychloroquine is safe for treating malaria, and conditions like lupus or arthritis, but so far no clinical trials have recommended it for use against Covid-19. Results from one clinical trial at the University of Minnesota have shown that hydroxychloroquine is not effective at preventing coronavirus. The WHO said on 3 June that it would resume its trials after halting them last month. Other studies are also taking place in several countries including the UK, US and Senegal. In March, the US Food and Drug Administration granted an \"emergency use\" authorisation for its use on a limited number of hospitalised cases. But the following month, it issued a warning about its use because of reports of heart problems in some patients. Why has it gained prominence? Despite concerns for its safety and efficacy, US President Donald Trump revealed in May that he was taking hydroxychloroquine as a preventative measure against Covid-19, but later said he'd stopped. Mr Trump has repeatedly referred to its potential. At a press conference in April, he said: \"What do you have to lose? Take it.\" Following Mr Trump's comments, there was a sharp increase reported in prescriptions in the US for both hydroxychloroquine and the related drug, chloroquine. Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has also claimed in a video that \"hydroxychloroquine is working in all places.\" This was removed by Facebook for breaching its misinformation guidelines. There has also been a global surge in demand for them."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"At a council meeting on Tuesday next year's budget was set. The controlling Labour group described it as the \"toughest\" budget the city has faced as it announced plans to cut 500 jobs in the coming year. The meeting attracted protests from council workers and residents who use the council's services including parents of disabled children. The parents were protesting over an after school club which is due to be cut. Deputy leader Councillor George Duggins said: \"We're facing unprecedented cuts to public services, and councils like Coventry have to tackle the massive challenge of continuing to deliver good services to local people with far fewer resources.\" 'Good position' But he added the council was in a \"good position\" compared to others because it had taken early action. The council had earlier said it was facing an overall reduction of £18.7m to its grant funding from the government. This is in addition to another £20m which will go following cuts to specific grants. These specific grants include a scheme to provide short breaks for disabled children, the Connexions Service and a £2m cut from education services."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Councillors passed the budget at a meeting which was interrupted by hecklers. The cuts include £1m at children's centres and about £2m savings from waste collection changes. The council's Labour leader Sir Albert Bore said they would be the largest made by any local authority. Sir Albert opened the meeting by saying the council faced \"the largest cuts in local government funding any British government has attempted in the modern era. \"Of course we knew when Labour took office last year that there were tough times ahead. But the situation is in fact much worse than we first thought.\" The authority, which serves one million people and is also said to be Europe's largest local authority, has to save a total of £615m by 2017. Ahead of the meeting ,Godfrey Webster, of Birmingham Against The Cuts, said: \"If these proposed cuts go ahead it will be devastating for Birmingham. \"It will mean adult services cut, children's homes closed and lots of other things we can't afford to lose.\" Some protesters attempted to block car park entrances before the debate started and during the meeting."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Contingency plans were drawn up in advance by Denbighshire council due to fears over Wrexham-based GHA Coaches. About 320 people were made redundant when the firm collapsed in July owing £5.2m in taxes. Its directors face expulsion after a hearing was told upkeep of buses was neglected to keep services running. Denbighshire was one of the worst affected areas as GHA ran a large number of school contracts and operated all local services in the south of the county, most of which were supported by the county council. In a report to cabinet, transport manager Peter Daniels said: \"In April concerns regarding GHA resulted in officers raising a risk and developing a contingency plan. \"In July, officers immediately reinstated school transport as their top priority [and] during August officers tendered all GHA's school contracts that were closed to the general public.\" The aim of the contingency plan was to ensure all communities which had previously been served by GHA would receive some level of service. \"Initially, passengers seemed content and even relieved that at least some form of service had continued. With time, there was a growing concern that reduced reinstatements placed passengers in detriment,\" the report added. Stepping into the breach is expected to cost the council an extra £175,000 on school transport this year and next year the figure is likely to be £275,000. The council has not yet decided its budget for next year, but the report, ahead of a meeting next week, states: \"We do know that costs, post GHA, are increasing sharply and that any additional government mitigation for 2016-17 will cease. \"It is also unclear whether the standard government grant will continue as it is. It is therefore prudent to consider exactly what the council can afford in future.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By James WilliamsBBC Wales political correspondent Mark Drakeford said it attended Defence and Security Equipment International (DSEI) in London to support cyber security businesses, not those in the arms trade. But Plaid Cymru AM Leanne Wood called the event \"abhorrent\" and condemned his government for attending. Organisers said visitors must comply with UK and international law. The event, which ends on Friday and is held every two years, is sponsored by the UK government's Ministry of Defence. Speaking there on Wednesday, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said the sector brought in \"sales worth more than £19bn\" to the UK economy. The UK government has invited representatives of countries it has on a human rights watch list, including Israel and Saudi Arabia, to attend the event. In June, judges ruled that the UK government's decision to allow arms sales to Saudi Arabia, which is engaged in the long-running war in Yemen, was unlawful. Ms Wood said: \"This is an event where weapons and warfare equipment ranging from tear gas and missiles to fighter planes and warships will be promoted and traded between governments known for their human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law, such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt.\" The Welsh Government has had a presence at the show for eight years, with ministers attending in 2015 and 2017. In marketing material for this year's event, it said: \"Wales is a cornerstone of UK defence operations, through training the defence industry workforce of the future, as well as the availability of secure sites and airspace.\" Mr Drakeford said the Welsh Government's stall was \"to support important Welsh companies\" involved in cyber-security, \"not directly in the arms area\". \"Those companies need to be able to display what they have to offer to people who want to buy their products - that's why we will be supporting them at that event,\" he added. \"But I will be reviewing whether or not this is the best way to support those companies from now on.\" Ms Wood, Plaid Cymru's social justice spokeswoman said: \"That the Labour Welsh Government is a sponsor and has a stall at such an abhorrent event is disgraceful and should be unequivocally condemned.\" Campaign Against Arms Trade spokesman Andrew Smith said: \"The Welsh government should not be supporting this event, or using it as a promotional vehicle of any kind. \"The weapons being sold at this arms fair could be used in abuses and atrocities for years to come. DSEI needs to be closed down for good, not celebrated.\" DSEI organiser Clarion Defence and Security said on its website visitors must adhere to the \"highest regulatory scrutiny, complying with UK and international laws, treaties and conventions\". It said it worked closely with the UK government, which invited all international delegations, to ensure strict compliance."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Dominic O'ConnellToday business presenter The announcement by the defence, aerospace and electronics giant will stoke controversy over weapons sales to the Arab kingdom. However, it will hold out a lifeline to aircraft factories in the North West. The UK has been one of the biggest suppliers of defence equipment to Saudi Arabia for more than 40 years, including the 1980s al-Yamamah deal. That deal - worth more than £40bn, according to former BAE chief executive Mike Turner - was credited with saving the company from a near financial crisis. But the supply of arms has come under renewed scrutiny after Saudi Arabia's recent attacks on Yemen. The BBC's Newsnight recently revealed that an influential select committee had compiled a draft report calling for a ban on all exports. A final report from the committee has yet to be released. Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson has told the Commons that the government had accepted Saudi assurances that British weapons were being used in accordance with international law. For BAE, a new Saudi deal would be an important fillip and a big step towards another contract for the Eurofighter Typhoon. Talks have been underway for more than two years over a five year deal centred on the sale of 48 Typhoon combat aircraft to Saudi Arabia. Typhoon production in the UK - which takes places at factories in Warton in Lancashire - is slowly winding down because of a lack of export orders. At current rates, production would cease in about five years' time. The sale of another 48 aircraft would significantly extend the factories' lives. BAE told the Stock Exchange on Thursday: \"Discussions between BAE Systems, the UK government and the Saudi Arabian government are progressing to define the scope and terms of the next five-year Saudi-British Defence Co-operation Programme.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"So far eighteen men have been arrested by the Saudi authorities in connection with the killing in Istanbul. Mrs May told MPs if any of them had British visas, they would be revoked. The PM said the claim the journalist had died in a fight was not credible and there was an \"urgent need\" to establish what had happened. Two senior officials have been removed from their posts after the Saudi authorities admitted that Mr Khashoggi had died during an incident in its consulate in Istanbul. Mrs May told MPs that the Home Secretary, Sajid Javid, was taking action against all suspects to prevent them entering the UK. This follows a similar move by the United States. The PM also confirmed that no UK minister or official was attending the so-called \"Davos in the desert\" conference currently taking place in Riyadh. The event was intended to showcase Saudi Arabia's attempts at domestic reform and attract foreign investment to the country, but has been boycotted by leading politicians and companies. Downing Street has declined to comment on the number of individuals to whom visa restrictions would apply, but said it was speaking to the US and other allies about its response. Later on Wednesday, the prime minister spoke to King Salman, the head of Saudi Arabia's ruling family, by telephone to reiterate the UK's \"grave concerns\" about the murder of Mr Khashoggi, Downing Street said. A spokeswoman said: \"The prime minister said the current explanation lacks credibility so there remains an urgent need to establish exactly what happened \"She strongly urged Saudi Arabia to cooperate with the Turkish investigation and to be transparent about the results.\" Labour has called for much stronger action against the Saudi authorities, including a ban on all UK arms sales to the desert kingdom and an end to the UK's backing for the Saudi-led bombing campaign against Houthi insurgents in Yemen. A spokesman for its leader Jeremy Corbyn said Mr Khashoggi's killing was \"a shocking act by a dictatorial regime involved in multiple human rights abuses at home and abroad\". The country's de facto ruler, Crown Prince Mohamed bin Salman, has vowed to punish all the \"culprits\" responsible as he spoke publicly about the case for the first time. Speaking in Riyadh, he said \"the crime was painful to all Saudis\" and there would never be a rift with Turkey. He has been widely accused of ordering the murder of the journalist, who was a critic of the ruling House of Saud and the Crown Prince's record in particular."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Louis Naudi says many reviews for his Royal Sportsman Hotel in Porthmadog, Gwynedd, are positive, but a few \"malicious\" ones affect his rating. TripAdvisor said it could not comment on threatened or pending litigation. But the website said every review was screened, and those deemed suspicious were investigated. Mr Naudi, who runs the hotel with his wife Viorica, said he was unhappy with how TripAdvisor handled complaints from businesses about postings. The owner of the Sportsman's for the past 12 years said he took it \"personally\" if people complained unfairly. \"We've turned the business around here, and employ 16 staff full-time,\" he said. \"We're in the Good Food Guide, we've got a rosette, we educate staff, sending them to college. 'Heart and soul' \"I've put my heart and soul into this, and care very much for the people that come here. Mr Naudi said that 60% of his customers returned and he was \"very upset\" when he was not given an opportunity to right anything that customers felt was wrong. He said that younger people - aged below 40 - were too quick to visit an online website such as TripAdvisor to post a negative comment whilst those \"post 40-50 come to reception and we sort it out\". \"How can we defend ourselves, or improve... our hands are tied behind our backs with this. \"[These websites] have lost a sense of purpose and those hiding behind anonymous comments are cowards,\" he added. Since the planned mass action was revealed Mr Naudi has been speaking about his experiences across the media. \"I've had a lot of support and received e-mails from other hoteliers who did not realise they could fight back,\" he said. The mass action is being put together by KwikChex, a company which monitors online reputations. Chris Emmins, from KiwkChex, said more businesses from around the world were contacting him about the situation. \"It's over 600, from all over the world, but the scale is well into the thousands, and we are now more into quality not quantity, trying to prioritise those [comments] which are most critically damaging to businesses,\" he said. Mr Emmins added that many of those were smaller business which could not afford to fight back. In a statement TripAdvisor said it could not comment on either threatened or pending litigation but stressed there were measures in place to reassure travellers and hoteliers that it \"takes its responsibility as the world's largest travel site extremely seriously\". \"We believe our more than 35m reviews and opinions are authentic and honest from real travellers,\" it said. \"If the reviews people read didn't paint an accurate picture users would not keep coming back. \"It is also worth noting that the majority of reviews posted are in fact positive, with an average rating of just under four out of five.\" There are guidelines in place on what is and is not acceptable and every review is screened, with \"suspicious\" reviews being investigated. Hoteliers were also given the option of posting a management response to any review on their property, it added. The average traveller read \"dozens\" of reviews before booking and the advice would be to \"throw out the anomalies that appear overly critical or overly complimentary\". \"What is left is the collective wisdom of the community,\" the statement said. We asked you for your views, and here are a selection of your comments."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Joe Lynam BBC Business Reporter Many of the hosts that the BBC has spoken to have had no negative reviews and the owners are unable to appeal. It is not clear how many of Airbnb's 52,000 UK-based hosts have been delisted, but it could be in the hundreds. Airbnb said: \"We routinely carry out initiatives for quality purposes.\" Its answer was insufficient for William, who owns a townhouse built in 1730 in Soho, in London's West End. He has been renting out a flat at the top of the house through Airbnb since 2013 - until he was told two weeks ago that the property would be delisted. \"We found it a bit insulting,\" William said. \"We really try to arrange the flat to give people a good experience. We provide fresh flowers and breakfast for guests. We take a lot of trouble and we've had uniformly positive reviews over three years.\" He received an email from Airbnb on 27 January that said: \"Unfortunately, our systems have shown that the listing mentioned below is not delivering the kind of local hospitality experience guests are looking for. In line with our Terms of Service, '2-bed Flat in Historic Soho House and 1-bed flat in 1730s Soho house' will be removed from our platform on 9 February 2016. Please understand that this determination was not made due to a single attribute, but an overall combination of various criteria.\" For others, the removal was just as sudden but will have a far greater impact. Guneep Luther had 14 of his 17 properties on Airbnb delisted with just two weeks' notice. His rental income of up to £45,000 a year was mostly dependent on the California-based company, which is registered for tax in Ireland. 'In the dark' \"Initially I had nothing but praise for Airbnb. The website is incredibly easy to use, customer service were very friendly and replied to any questions instantly,\" Mr Luther said. \"Now, I feel as if Airbnb has completely ruined my business. They have not only left me in the dark, I have many bills to pay for all properties and I employ two cleaners and I am very concerned about their future. Airbnb are not being transparent in what ever is going on inside the company and I feel this is not fair on hosts or guests as many guests are worried about their bookings.\" And some Airbnb forums have been dotted with hosts who have also been suddenly delisted without any clear reasons being given. But Airbnb says the entire customer experience is central to the success of its offering. Positive reviews lead to more guests trying out the service. Negative reviews damage the host, the company and the informal \"sharing economy\" that the travel app Uber has also made famous. When contacted by the BBC, the company said: \"Our mission is to allow Airbnb guests to connect with hosts who provide local and authentic experiences that make cities better places to live, work and visit. We routinely carry out initiatives for quality purposes and adherence to this mission... \"As said previously, this is not unusual or unique. It's routine activity that happens around the world. \" Possible flotation Airbnb was established in 2008 in San Francisco when its founders offered air mattresses as an alternative to hotels and guesthouses to conference attendees in Silicon Valley. Now it is worth an estimated $25bn and may be about to float on the stock exchange. If it does list, investors may wish to see the technology giant be stricter on all sources of revenue in future. \"It has unfortunate consequences for people who've been de-listed and there is an opportunity cost of re-advertising a property,\" according to Paul Maher from Positive Marketing. \"But we have to remember that although it's called the 'sharing economy', it is a business after all. And for any reason if the business decides to delist you, that's their prerogative.\" New regulations Airbnb provides a platform for anyone with spare space, houses, chalets and even castles to rent out for a day at a time. The company does not inspect each property but offers a free photography service to hosts. Guests and hosts both pay separate commissions to Airbnb, on top of the rental fee, and all the money is retained by the company until the guest arrives at the property. Mr Maher believed that these delistings may be Airbnb trying to get ahead of the game before new regulatory restrictions come into force, including taxes similar to those payable by hotels and guesthouses. \"Slowly the sharing economy is having some of the problems that traditional business faced. It may be that they are getting very vigorous about revenue streams. And if that involves de-listing some people, that's the consequence,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By George HerdBBC News A private firm targets those dropping rubbish or letting dogs foul our pavements and hits the offenders with fines of up to £100. The company supplies the manpower and knowhow, with fines covering their bills and no cost to the local council. But is type of relationship with private enforcement firms on the rocks in north Wales, especially with Cheshire-based Kingdom Services? It has been the chosen company to handle litter enforcement by many councils. But it seems some in north Wales are now considering a break up in the relationship. This week, councillors in Flintshire signalled their wish to review how they deal with litter bugs in the future - and their relationship with Kingdom amid claims of \"overbearing behaviour\". Last week it was Denbighshire council making very similar noises. The problem may be one of perception and politics as much as facts and figures. It was highlighted again on Thursday, when an adventure park owner in Conwy county voiced anger over Kingdom enforcement officers handing out fixed penalty fines on its land. Kingdom was quick to point out it had permission to be there from its employer - the local council - and also had the law on its side as enforcement agents are allowed on to private land if a littering offence is occurring. But there is clearly some resentment towards those dishing out the fines. 'Vigilante threats' Tempers were frayed when the issue was discussed by Denbighshire council a week ago. The firm was due to attend a scrutiny committee to discuss future arrangements, with its contract due to end in November. Instead it sent a letter - stating it feared for safety of staff from a \"vigilante group\" that could have been present. \"Over the last year, due to a malicious disinformation campaign, Kingdom employees have been the subject of threats, with their address posted on social media next to captions such as 'we know where you live',\" wrote the company. \"Pictures of our employees and even their children have been posted online, prompting Kingdom to call the police. Car windows have been smashed and recently two tyres were vandalised using a drill, to name but a few of the serious incidents. \"In what has become a highly charged environment, Kingdom continues to take a view on a case by case basis as to whether we can continue working under such circumstances. \"We are confident that the report will confirm the quality of service we have always provided, and would be happy to answer any committee questions in writing, or meet in a closed session.\" Indeed, the report's authors did recommend that the council support the partnership with Kingdom. But councillors saw red over the non-appearance, with one calling it \"disgusting\" that the company was not present. Instead of backing the report, the scrutiny group ordered the council to re-examine how it tackles environmental crime, including looking at bringing services in-house or collaborating with other councils. Colleagues in neighbouring Flintshire council have also adopted the same approach, and have asked its cabinet to review how it enforces action on litter louts. Pilot partnerships with Kingdom in both Anglesey and Gwynedd ended sooner than anticipated earlier this year, when the company withdrew from the arrangement with both authorities after taking a \"commercial decision\". So what about the last two outstanding councils; Conwy and Wrexham? Wrexham has a two-year deal with Kingdom with an option to extend the contract by a further year to 2019. It must take a decision on that in the autumn, and is setting up a group to consider the matter. But the authority has been consistent in its support of a \"zero tolerance\" approach to littering, and has backed how Kingdom has enforced it, stating last December that the enforcement work by Kingdom was \"proving to be a success for the council\". It is also make-your-mind up time for Conwy too. Kingdom has been working for the council across the county since 2013. It will be discussing its future litter enforcement strategy in July. The company itself said it was relaxed about the approaches being adopted by councils in north Wales. It stressed it was the firm's own decision to withdraw from the arrangements with Anglesey and Gwynedd. It also noted contracts with most of the councils always had fixed end dates, when new contracts would then need to be put out for tender. Kingdom said recent discussions at councils like Flintshire and Denbighshire simply reflected that reality. And if those councils want to keep private firms on their books to handle enforcement in the future - Kingdom will then be able to decide whether to bid for them or not."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Nick ParryBBC Wales News But she still insisted on doing the washing-up. Those who remember the first time Richard Burton brought his new wife to the village near Port Talbot in south Wales where he was born, said the occasion resembled a royal visit. Taylor, who has died at the age of 79, was to return again and again. Near neighbour Lillian Howell was one of those invited in to share a cup of tea with the Hollywood couple in the house on Penhydd Street. \"Everybody came out to welcome them - she was such a glamorous person,\" she recalled. \"She had a double row of eye lashes and her eyes were violet blue. Absolutely beautiful. \"We sat in the house and she was very down to earth and so lovely, as was Richard. When we finished she wanted to do the washing up.\" The house is now home to Burton's niece, the actress Sian Owen. She too remembers the day her uncle brought his new wife to Wales for the first time. \"When they arrived you could not move as people had come from everywhere,\" she said. \"The press had come down from London and rented rooms in the houses opposite hoping to get a picture. \"When the men went to the pub that night they all had money for beer, but they did not need it as uncle Ritch paid. It was an open bar for everybody and anybody. \"Elizabeth had her first pint of beer there.\" That pub was the Miner's Arms which today is home to the village rugby club. A photograph of Burton hangs on the wall and is one of several reminders of the actor in the village, the most prominent being a sign welcoming visitors to Pontrhydyfen. News of Taylor's death spread quickly, prompting recollections of a glamorous time. One woman, living opposite the Miner's, said those who lived there at the time all had fond memories of Taylor's visits. \"The first time it was a like a royal visit. They went to the school and I remember there was a big motorbike in front of the car - the children loved it,\" she said. \"And she returned after Richard had died.\" Once again Taylor stayed in the front bedroom on Penhydd Street. \"Elizabeth was the only one of uncle Richard's wives to ever stay in this house,\" said Ms Owen."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Princess Anne met with members of the Royal Yacht Squadron (RYS) on the Isle of Wight - the prestigious club the Duke of Edinburgh was once admiral of. The duke's only daughter spoke of her links and \"early memories of sailing\" at the Cowes-based club. The princess's visit comes ahead of her father's funeral on Saturday at Windsor Castle. Prince Philip, who died aged 99 on Friday, was Admiral of the Royal Yacht Squadron, patron of a number of clubs and president of the Royal Yachting Association. Asked by club commodore Jamie Sheldon about the vessels she had sailed on, she said: \"I started really with Bloodhound [yacht]. I then regressed to dinghy sailing for a bit.\" She smiled as she spoke with some of the younger sailors and asked about their experiences on the water before leaving on a boat called \"Warrior\" and heading to the Royal Victoria Yacht Club in Fishbourne. It was announced at the weekend that the royals and their households would observe two weeks of mourning, with members of the royal family \"continuing to undertake engagements appropriate to the circumstances\", according to a royal official. In a statement on the Royal Family's website following the duke's death, Princess Anne described him as her \"teacher, supporter and critic\". She said she \"most wanted to emulate\" her father's example of a \"life well lived and service freely given\". Prince Philip will be remembered in a service at St George's Chapel in the grounds of Windsor Castle on Saturday. The televised event will be carried out in line with Covid restrictions but there will be a military presence with personnel from the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Army and RAF. Buckingham Palace said the plans \"very much\" reflected the duke's wishes."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Pascale Sellick, 49, wore her slippers and pyjamas as she committed to the \"most intimate and reliable\" relationship she has ever had. About 120 people attended the ceremony in Exeter, where anyone was welcome as long as they wore bedroom attire. It is not yet known if Ms Sellick, who has a long-term, human boyfriend called Johnny, will change her surname. According to the \"wedding register\", the duvet's surname is \"10tog\". The duvet's outfit, which was a secret until the big day, featured slogans such as \"Duvet I love you\" and \"Be unique\". The Devon-based artist said her big day was inspired by friend and fellow artist Anna Fitzgerald, whom she hired to be her wedding planner. Other performers played the roles of \"mother of the duvet\" and \"mother of the bride\", while an element of audience participation was involved during the vows, when the duvet remained tight-lipped."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Robbie MeredithBBC News NI Education Correspondent That is according to figures just published by the University and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). Almost half (46.9%) of all 18 year olds in Northern Ireland applied to UCAS by 30 June 2019, a fall of 0.7% from 2018. There has, however, been a 7% rise in the number of non-EU students applying through UCAS to study in Northern Ireland. Meanwhile, the number of 18 year olds in England applying to go to university has risen. However, Northern Ireland still has the biggest proportion of the 18-year-old population applying to go to university of the four countries in the UK. International students In 2019, 10,510 18 year olds in Northern Ireland applied to go to university, down from 11,050 in 2018. As there has been a fall in the 18-year-old population compared to 2018, the percentage drop in the proportion applying is lower than the numerical drop. Overall there were 18,520 university applicants of all ages from Northern Ireland in 2019, compared to 19,310 in 2018. There are a record number of international students applying through UCAS to study in the UK in 2019. 81,340 students from outside the European Union (EU) have applied, up 8% on 2018. UCAS figures also show that there has been a 7% rise in the number of international students applying to begin studying at universities in Northern Ireland in 2019: 2,410 have applied this year, compared to 2,260 in 2018. However, Northern Ireland's universities also admit some international students outside the UCAS system through partnerships with other global universities, so the number of international students applying is likely to be higher than the UCAS figures. The final deadline for applying for up to five universities or colleges simultaneously through UCAS was 30 June 2019. While there has been a rise in the number of unconditional offers made in recent years, most UK applicants will only have their university place confirmed when they receive their A-level results on 15 August."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A* and A grades were awarded to 25.9% of entries, down from 26% last year. But in a year of \"stable\" results, passes rose by 0.1 percentage point. The Ucas university admissions service says 409,000 places have been confirmed, up 3% on last year. Universities minister Jo Johnson hailed the rising numbers as \"great news\". Hundreds of thousands of teenagers in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are receiving their A-level results on Thursday. The exam boards say that the number of A-levels taken this year has risen to over 850,000, with maths, English and biology the most popular. There was a sharp increase in pupils taking computing. A-level results, 2015 25.9% received A or A* grade 98.1% overall pass rate (A-E) - up 0.1 percentage point 8.2% received A* grade - no change on last year 409,000 degree places confirmed, up 3 percentage points 13,415 more female entrants in 2015 than last year \"The over-riding message from this year's figures is one of stability. There have been no significant changes to the system,\" said Michael Turner, director of the Joint Council for Qualifications. The overall pass rate has risen marginally to 98.1% and the proportion getting the very top A* grade remained the same at 8.2%, with A grades down by 0.1%. Schools minister Nick Gibb said the results showed the impact of the government's drive for \"core academic subjects\" with a 20% increase in maths entries since 2010. \"As a result thousands more pupils, from all backgrounds, are studying subjects that will secure them a place at a top university or an apprenticeship and that will help to secure well paid employment,\" said Mr Gibb. Chris Keates, leader of the Nasuwt teachers' union, said that the results showed that the \"gold standard\" A-level system had been maintained, despite the pressure on schools to prepare for forthcoming changes to exams. The ASCL head teachers' union said that it was \"disappointing\" to see a decline in some subjects, such as music, German and design and technology. Heads linked the decline to budget pressures making it difficult to sustain subjects with smaller numbers of pupils. The British Council highlighted the further fall in pupils taking French and said the numbers taking languages were \"disappointingly low\". The CBI director general, John Cridland, emphasised the importance of providing high status vocational options for students. \"For too long vocational choices have been seen as the understudy to academic subjects, but this simply won't wash anymore. Vocational qualifications should have the same A-level brand, which is well-respected by businesses,\" said Mr Cridland. Gender gap But this year's lifting of the cap on university places in England has seen more students than ever accepted on to courses. Initial figures from Ucas show a 5% increase in places for 18 year olds in the UK, but a reduction among older age groups. The gender gap has widened further, with 27,000 more women than men about to start university courses this year. The number of international students and from the European Union has also increased. A-level results What if my grades are disappointing? Results Day: It was different in my day... A-level expert advice Newsbeat listeners send in their experiences Analysis: What lessons can be drawn from this year's results? Northern Ireland: Pass rate rises Wales: Top grades rise, but below UK average With no fixed limit on the number of places universities are permitted to offer, there is likely to be more competition for students. In the run-up to results day, some universities have been attempting to secure students on to courses by revising conditional offers into unconditional ones. Clearing Any unallocated university places will be matched with students with the right grades through the process known as Clearing. Pam Tatlow, chief executive of the Million+ university group, said Clearing would not be too different from previous years, despite the removal of the cap on student numbers. \"A lot of activity has gone on before Clearing in terms of unconditional offers, and as usual there will be competition and students will have choices to make,\" she said. \"Students will have to keep calm and think about what is the right course for them.\" Labour's shadow education secretary Tristram Hunt warned that there still needed to be more effort to get female students to take science subjects. \"We still waste far too much potential. These results remind us that progress on increasing the number of young women taking subjects like physics, maths and computing is still too slow.\" Nansi Ellis, assistant general secretary of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, congratulated students and teachers on the results. \"Although this year's results are stable, this is unlikely to be the case when the A-level reforms kick in and all A-levels are only assessed by end of course exams.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Barra BestBBC News It follows funding from the Department of Employment and Learning (DEL). The investment is aimed at improving the skills of graduates to meet the needs of local employers and support economic growth. There is currently a high demand for computer science graduates across Northern Ireland. While thousands hold posts in large international companies many small indigenous firms struggle to fill posts. Origin Partners, based in Holywood, County Down, told the BBC last month that it had taken them a year to fill three positions. The University of Ulster will have room for an additional 70 students, 40 of which will be based in computational intelligence at its Magee campus in Londonderry. The other 30 spaces will complement the Msc in advanced composites and polymers, and Msc biomedical engineering. 'Highly-skilled graduates' \"The courses draw extensively from the faculty's internationally recognised research in computer science and engineering to ensure that the students are equipped with highly sought-after expertise,\" said Prof Richard Millar from the University of Ulster. \"These valuable scholarships will cover the university's fee for these one-year masters degrees.\" Queen's University in Belfast will receive funding for 30 places in courses including biological sciences, electrical engineering and computer science. \"As part of Queen's role as a key driver of growth, the additional places announced today will enable the university to continue to strengthen local industry through the provision of an increased pool of highly-skilled graduates in STEM-related sectors,\" said Prof Tony Gallagher from the university. The latest figures show that more than 8,500 people work in the computing industry in Northern Ireland. \"I am committed to the continuing expansion of higher education to give Northern Ireland the skills profile required to compete globally,\" said DEL minister, Stephen Farry. \"One of the goals of the strategy is to increase the proportion of those leaving from our higher education institutions with graduate and post-graduate level qualifications in STEM subjects.\" The number of university places in STEM subjects had already increased by 1,200 before the additional places were announced."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 36-year-old, from Inverkip in Inverclyde, was reported missing by her two carers on 28 October. The last independent sighting of her was on 17 December 1999. Specialist teams have been searching the house and garden where Ms Fleming lived with her carers Edward Cairney, 75, and Avril Jones, 56. It is believed they are looking for any documentation, clothing or personal items which could help find her. Officers were also continuing to make inquiries in the wider Inverclyde area. Det Ch Insp Paul Livingstone, the senior investigating officer, said: \"Today, Saturday 17 December, marks 17 years to the day that Margaret was seen at a family gathering. \"This is the only independent sighting we have of Margaret so far, and I would like to re-appeal to people in the local community of Inverkip and beyond for their help with our inquiries. \"A priority for the inquiry team is to establish Margaret's movements and lifestyle between 1999 and when she was reported missing on Friday 28 October by her carers.\" He added: \"We have had an encouraging response to our previous appeals and I would like to thank everyone who has taken the time to come forward with information. \"If Margaret is reading this, I would ask her to get in touch with police. She is not is any trouble, we just want to ensure she is safe and well.\" Ms Fleming, who is believed to have learning difficulties, is thought to have attended James Watt College in Greenock between 1996 and 1998. Police officers had gone to Ms Fleming's house on 28 October about a social work issue. Her carers said she had left that day. They later reported her missing. It is believed Ms Fleming lived with her father in Port Glasgow before he died in October 1995. She then lived with her grandparents and mother but moved in with the carers in 1997. She is thought to have been estranged from her mother since then."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 25-year-old was last seen at a party at a Ballyhalbert caravan site in County Down. Despite extensive land and sea searches, her body has never been found. Police have made several arrests but no-one has been charged with her murder. On Tuesday, Joanne Dorrian, said the family was grateful that the police investigation was still active, but that they were unable to move on as her sister's body had not been found. \"It is very difficult, it is hard to believe it is seven years on, it only feels like yesterday that this all began,\" she said. \"The one thing we want is to have Lisa back and we haven't got that so we are no further on.\" The Dorrian family have tried a number of initiatives since she went missing, including linking up with Snow Patrol singer Gary Lightbody and releasing a short film at cinemas. A £10,000 reward was also offered for information leading to the recovery of her body. Joanne said they had received a number of confidential messages. However, the quest for the conclusive piece of information continues. She said: \"That person who could help us has not come forward yet, they just haven't contacted us with the information that we need. \"It was a high-profile campaign at the time and the support we received from people all over the world and Northern Ireland was very humbling. \"I would ask people if they have heard anything, it may have been a rumour, they may have overheard a conversation, no information is too insignificant. \"We are not asking for who did it, we are just asking for a location, the location of where my sister is so that we can give her a proper Christian burial. \"Please come forward, it is never too late to tell us what you have heard, anything at all, just to try and help us find Lisa.\" Babies Joanne also highlighted the impact of Lisa's disappearance on the Dorrian family. \"We have a younger sister who is 15 who has not been able to go to school today because she has been up all night crying for her sister,\" she added. \"We have a younger nephew who is 11. \"They have memories of Lisa as a young girl and they can't accept that she is gone and we can't accept it. \"There are babies in the family who will never meet Lisa.\" She said that the family had accepted that Lisa would not be found alive, but that it needed closure. \"There is going to be no anger, there is going to be no repercussions, now is the time to do the right thing,\" she added. \"We are not finding her alive, the hope is we are able to lay her to rest. \"In the greater scheme of things, it is not a great hope to have, but it is the only hope we have.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 21-year-old disappeared on 1 February after a night out in Hull and her body was found in the Humber estuary almost seven weeks later. Polish national Pawel Relowicz, 25, was remanded in custody when he appeared at Hull Crown Court. He did not enter any pleas during the hearing. A provisional trial date has been set for June 2020 at Sheffield Crown Court. The body of Ms Squire, from High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, was discovered in the Humber estuary following extensive searches involving hundreds of police officers and members of the public. Follow BBC East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Martin Hall renovated the shed in Monmouth after seeing its potential due to the views of the Black Mountains. The £275,000 renovation is now up for the gold medal for architecture at the National Eisteddfod. Architects Hall and Bednarczyk said the barn was \"abandoned for several decades and in a rundown state\". The gold medal recognises architectural excellence and the winner will be announced during the festival in August."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The South Block studio complex was named the Andrew Doolan Best Building in Scotland by the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland. A gold medal and cheque for £25,000 was presented to Nord Architecture, which designed the revamped interiors. South Block is run by Wasps Studios - a charity that provides affordable studios to artists and arts groups. The judges' citation said that for 20 years the \"behemoth city block at King Street\" had been \"occupied on an ad hoc basis by charities and largely under used\". 'Extraordinary rigour' It said the structure, originally designed to house large, open plan factory spaces, had been transformed for contemporary arts use. \"Nord has crafted and choreographed the renovation of this existing building with extraordinary rigour,\" the judges said. \"With great sensitivity and the slimmest of budgets, the architects have produced a specific environment for creative industries. \"Normally office buildings speak of generic environments. Here, within a tailored set of spaces, interaction and the promise of collaboration is easy to imagine.\" South Block was chosen from a shortlist of 12 other projects around Scotland. The award was presented at the Scottish Parliament on Thursday evening by Culture Secretary Fiona Hyslop. She said: \"The winning scheme is a tremendous and inspiring focus for creativity and innovation and, like previous winners of the award, it is a building of which Scotland can be proud.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The cash will enable a design team to be appointed and other fundraising to start, Culture Minister Fiona Hyslop said. Japanese architect Kengo Kuma will head up the team after winning the competition to design the £45m building, due to be opened in 2014. The museum will be sited at Craig Harbour on the banks of the River Tay. The V&A at Dundee is being built in collaboration with the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Local partners in the project include the University of Dundee, the University of Abertay, Dundee City Council and Scottish Enterprise. 'Iconic building' Announcing the funding at Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design - part of Dundee University - the culture minister said: \"The V&A at Dundee will be great for the city as well as benefitting the whole of Scotland, acting as a magnet for visitors from all over the world. \"Scotland's strong and vibrant creative industries are a high growth sector which already employ more than 63,000 people and contribute more than £5.2bn to the Scottish economy annually. \"Alongside the city's very successful games sector, the V&A at Dundee presents quite an opportunity to grow Dundee's reputation as a centre for the creative industries sector.\" Ms Hyslop said that the Scottish government's pledge provided a \"sound funding basis\" to which the partnership could add, creating an \"iconic building\" on the waterfront. Competition Professor Pete Downes, Principal of the University of Dundee, said the project would now progress at \"full speed\" in the year ahead. He added: \"It is particularly fitting that we are here in Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design for this announcement today. \"The college's reputation for excellence is a significant part of what attracted the V&A to Dundee in the first place and contributing to the growth of creative industries is a major part of the university's future strategy.\" Mr Kuma beat off competition from five other short-listed companies in November with his vision for the development. More than 120 firms took part in the competition to design the landmark building. The Japanese architect said the V&A at Dundee would combine the tradition and heritage of London's Victoria and Albert Museum with new ideas."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The director of the Welsh NHS Confederation said the service will \"fail\" if it continues to do the same things with less money. Helen Birtwhistle told AMs the public should have confidence in changes. Meanwhile, it emerged ministers will not accept new bids for NHS capital investment projects until the new year. The Welsh government said it was pleased the confederation recognised the need for change. In evidence to the assembly's Finance Committee, Ms Birtwhistle said there was a \"pressing need for major changes\" to the way services are delivered to patients. Clinical evidence She refused to give a guarantee that local health boards would be able to break even in coming years despite extra government cash. The NHS is to meet a legal obligation to break-even by the end of next March. Health boards also need to find efficiency savings of at least 5% a year. \"We have to look at the clinical evidence, that shows us that for some sorts of specialist services, services do need to be concentrated in specialist centres,\" Ms Birtwhistle said. She added: \"If the NHS continues to do the same things in the same way but with less money then it will fail.\" Responding to members' questions, she said services within district general hospitals would have to change, which could include, for example, centralisation of accident and emergency departments. \"Hospitals will always be important for some services, but... we have to start getting beyond that hospitals are the be all and end all,\" said Ms Birtwhistle. Public confidence \"I'm a patient, I'm a member of the public, I don't like change either... that's normal, that's natural. \"What we have to do is help the public recognise, and to demonstrate through some of the good work and the good examples that are already happening, to give the public confidence, and you as politicians confidence that the NHS can do things, is doing things and will do things in a different way.\" She appealed to AMs to support the health service when the reconfiguration proposals were made public in the coming months. Her comments follow a report from the Wales Audit Office which said the NHS faces a tougher funding settlement in Wales than the rest of the UK. Ministers have rejected calls to maintain health spending in line with inflation, but at more than £5bn a year, health and social services still account for the biggest item of expenditure in the Welsh government's budget. The Welsh government said more than 43% of its budget was being spent on health and social services \"despite a tough budget settlement from the UK government\". 'Mind-boggling ignorance' A spokesman said Health Minister Lesley Griffiths \"has been clear that the NHS cannot continue to do the same things in the same way\". NHS organisations will shortly submit their plans for delivering \"safe, modern, effective health care for their local communities\", which will be reviewed by a panel of professionals appointed by the minister. \"District general hospitals will continue to be district general hospitals,\" the spokesman said. \"However, some services may change based on clear evidence and driven by health professionals locally, as we strive to continually improve services.\" Giving evidence to a separate committee on Thursday, Ms Griffiths said new building projects had been put on hold until health boards submit their plans in the new year. Approved and contractually-committed work will continue as planned. A spokesman said the \"short pause\" had been introduced because it would be \"totally irresponsible\" to sign off bids for capital investment before \"we understand their relevance with their final plans for service delivery\". Plaid Cymru health spokeswoman Elin Jones said the \"amazing admission by the health minister suggests mind-boggling ignorance of the economic crisis that we're in\". Welsh Liberal Democrat leader Kirsty Williams has tabled a formal question asking the minister to \"come clean\" on which projects will be affected. For the Conservatives, shadow health minister Darren Millar attacked a \"shocking confession\" by the government that left a \"very dark shadow over the future of those hospitals\"."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Rates are now at the lowest levels since monitoring began seven years ago. Between April and June the number of people with C. difficile fell by more than a tenth compared to the previous three months, and there was a third less MRSA cases. Health Secretary Nicola Sturgeon said despite the improvement there was no room from complacency. She said: \"I have made tackling hospital infections like C. diff and MRSA my top priority because I believe it's vital that we both reduce the misery caused by these infections and increase public confidence in our NHS.\" The government said some of the initiatives which had been introduced to tackle healthcare-associated infections included independent, unannounced inspections, tripling funding to tackle the issue, hundreds more cleaning staff and revamping the senior charge nurse role. Scottish Labour's health spokeswoman Jackie Baillie said she welcomed the fall in rates but warned that the progress should not be \"put at risk by SNP cuts to nurses and cleaning staff\". Related Internet Links Scottish Government"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The new money is aimed at reducing waits for pre-arranged surgery, diagnostics and specialist therapies. Health Secretary Vaughan Gething said the cash, which will come from government reserves, will help the NHS deal with extra demand. But Angela Burns of the Welsh Conservatives said better planning was also required. Mr Gething said: \"The demand on the NHS in Wales, as well as across the other nations in the UK, continues to grow. \"This places additional pressures on the service to deliver timely care for patients.\" The £50m, which is for the current financial year, is 0.68% of the overall £7.3bn Welsh Government health, wellbeing and sport budget. The health secretary added: \"While I expect health boards to plan and deliver sustainable services that meet the needs of their local populations, the £50m investment I'm announcing will help NHS Wales deal with the extra demand by further reducing waiting times in key areas - such as elective surgery, diagnostics and therapies.\" Referrals to hospital-based services have increased by 20% from 2013 to 2016 - from 1.07m in the 12 months ending March 2013 to 1.27m in 12 months ending in 2016, according to the Welsh Government. The number of people who had been waiting more than eight weeks for diagnostics services stood at 7,252 in May, down from 24,952 in May 2014. But in May 2010, that figure was much lower at 2,588. The number of people waiting more than 36 weeks from a GP referral to treatment stood at 12,354 in March 2017. The Welsh Government said this was down from 28,654 in August 2015. Angela Burns, the Welsh Conservative health spokeswoman, said suffering endured by patients \"idling on waiting lists\" is \"intolerably cruel\" and added that \"while extra cash is always welcome, it isn't just about money\". \"It's about planning and more effective use of existing resources and cutting down on waste,\" she said. Ms Burns calls on Mr Gething to \"not delay in bringing forward a decisive, innovative and target-led strategy informed by science and the expertise of professional bodies in order to address the perennial issues that hold our health service back\". Rhun ap Iorwerth, Plaid Cymru's health spokesman, said the \"announcement is a small percentage of the overall budget\". \"This is yet another example of the Labour Welsh Government doing too little too late,\" he said, adding \"waiting times have long been a scandal in Wales with patients here enduring far longer waits than their counterparts in Scotland and England over recent years\". UKIP's health spokesperson Caroline Jones said the extra money should result in a \"win/win situation\" for patients and the NHS. \"The sooner treatment commences for a patient, the demand on both primary and secondary care services lessens,\" she said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Steve JamesBBC Wales Sport It was an exclusive and often misunderstood, even unwelcome club. Maybe I would catch up with someone and ride along for a few miles exchanging friendly conversation. Or perhaps there would be a subtle wave or a barely noticeable nod as a rider passed the other way. We both knew the secret. Cycling is fun. It is healthy, sociable, challenging, invigorating, practical. Cycling is whatever you want it to be. In the last few years though, the secret is out. Now I never leave my house, on foot, by bike or in the car without passing a seemingly ever increasing number of riders. All ages, genders, shapes and sizes. Yes, there are the oft-derided \"middle-aged-men in Lycra\" spending their disposable on flashy steeds instead of sports cars and motorbikes. Sneered at by the old guard for having \"all the gear, no idea\". Sniggered at by the public as they clatter across the pub in cycling shoes and skin-tight uniforms that reveal more miles and a fewer pints might be better. But cycling is truly democratic. Cheap bike, flash bike? It does not matter. All day epic or short spin? Fast or slow? Serious or sociable? It does not matter. Remember, cycling is whatever you want it to be. Young wannabe racers, middle-aged mothers, weather-beaten old-timers, they will all get a smile from me. This weekend there will be 15,000 riders on those roads in south Wales, paying £50 for the privilege of spending five or six hours in the saddle. At the same time 100 professionals from around Europe and the UK will cover a greater distance, 120 miles, in far less time. All around the course the racers, the weekend warriors, the charity riders and those just revelling in riding on temporarily car-free routes will be cheered by thousands at the roadside. Wales has been bitten by the bike bug. So why? What has happened in the last decade? How is it that cycling has gone from the margins to the mainstream? Back in the 1990s road cycling seemed almost dead in the UK. Bike shops kept themselves open on the back of the new mud and mountains craze. It was the Noughties before road bikes became really sexy again, all space age titanium, cutting edge carbon and gadget enhanced. In Wales there was a slow but steady rise in the number of people getting out on their bikes. Whenever Nicole Cooke grabbed more headlines, I would see a few new faces in the lanes. Then in 2008 she grabbed the Olympic gold that began the avalanche. From the track to Le Tour, Britain was a successful biking nation. It was 2012 that really got bums on saddles big time. Sir Bradley Wiggins won France's famous maillot jaune and the crowds flocked to London to see him become an Olympic champion too. And people rode the roads the racers raced. Can you imagine just anyone who fancies it being allowed to go out and play rugby in the Millennium Stadium just before a Six Nations game? Or turn up and have a kickabout at Wembley or the Bernabeu whenever they feel like it? With GPS tracking devices feeding social media sites, any ride any day of the week can be compared with friends and even to the performances of \"the pros\". This is part of the appeal to the ever growing numbers of riders in recent years crossing the Channel to ride the routes of Europe's Grand Tours. In 2004 council worker and bike enthusiast Lou Lusardi (the Italian heritage obvious in the name) decided there was an appetite in Wales for Italy's Gran Fondo, and the Dragon Ride was born. The 12th edition was held over the hills flanking the Rhondda Valleys just last week with one of the 5,000 available places again like gold dust. It has been joined on a packed Welsh calendar by many others including The Monster (Llangadog, July), The Daisy Chain (Builth Wells, May), The Devil's Challenge (Llanwrtyd Wells, July). Which brings us back to Velothon Wales. An initial 12,000 places were made available at the end of last year, within weeks they were gone. The ride will be one of the world's largest with more entrants than the famous Etapes du Tour that follow stages of the Tour de France. The chance to ride with so many others, on carefully marked traffic-free routes backed by feed stations and medical and mechanical back-up is obvious. And next week there may be a few sore bodies that will not feel like getting back on the bike, but there will be many, many more inspired by what they see this weekend. I am certain the number of cyclists in Wales will grow even more. Whether it is town or country, the roads and lanes of Wales are full of groups, pairs and individuals riding bikes for fun. No more long hours in the saddle for me with barely a like-minded soul with whom to exchange a knowing acknowledgment. The secret is out. Intrigued and inspired in the 1970s by Eddy Merckx, Francesco Moser and most of all diminutive Belgian climber Lucien Van Impe, Steve James fell in love with continental cycling and pretty soon after bikes took over his life. Over the past 40 years he has ridden on road, off-road and on tracks around the world. Besides countless hours watching others ride, he has commuted, raced, written a book on cycling and collected way too many bikes and cycling magazines. He regularly tweets about cycling (and other things) @GMWalesSport"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The group of Olympians - including gold medallists Jason Kenny and Laura Trott - said encouraging more people to use bikes instead of cars would be \"the best way\" to honour their success. They called on the PM to address \"chronic underfunding\" in cycling. The Department for Transport said investment had tripled since 2010. Team GB enjoyed a record-breaking Olympics and topped the cycling medal table at Rio 2016 for the third games in a row. Downing Street has since implied there would be \"no limit\" to the number of honours given to Olympic heroes. 'Slow lane' But signatories to the letter - including Mark Cavendish, Joanna Rowsell Shand, Becky James and Sir Chris Hoy - said the best way to mark their achievements would be to invest in cycling. A \"lack of leadership\" has kept cycling as a mode of transport \"in the slow lane\", they said. Cycling \"does not enjoy the government investment or political leadership given to roads, rail or aviation,\" the letter added. \"Only networks of segregated cycle lanes in towns and cities across the country can achieve and influence growth,\" it said. The letter called for 5% of the government's transport spending to go on cycling, saying this was the \"only way\" to give it \"the priority it deserves\". \"Investment in cycling as a form of transport isn't purely an investment in cycle lanes,\" it said. \"It is an investment that will pay off for the nation's health, wealth, transport infrastructure and the vibrancy of our towns and cities. It has the added benefit of just making it easier for ordinary families to get to work and get to school. \"Our athletes have inspired the country and now we urge the government to take cycling seriously as a transport option for everyone.\" Chris Boardman, Elinor Barker, Owain Doull and Katy Marchant also signed the letter. Boardman, a former Olympic champion who is now British Cycling's policy advisor, said cycling \"isn't only a sport\", but a way for people to get to school and to the shops. He told BBC Radio 5 live the death of his mother - who was killed while cycling in North Wales in July - had made him more determined to campaign for new cycling routes. He described her death as \"needless\" and called for \"protected spaces\" not mixed in with fast-moving traffic. In March, the government unveiled proposals to encourage people to cycle and walk more in England. The Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy includes the ambition of doubling the number of people using bikes by 2025. The government is now considering feedback on the draft plan. The Department for Transport said it was spending £300m on cycling funding - as well as a further £500m for infrastructure in local communities. \"The number of people choosing to get about by bike has grown over recent years and, following the success of our Rio Olympians, we want to see this trend continue,\" a spokesman said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The image went viral after it was taken on 28 October in Virginia, close to a Trump golf resort. Juli Briskman, who was identified as the cyclist in the image, alleges she was fired by employers Akima LLC after she posted it to her online profiles. The company did not respond to the BBC's request for comment. Ms Briskman told US media the firm had called her into a meeting a day after she informed their HR department she was the subject of the widely circulated image. She told the Huffington Post news website that executives had told her they classified the image as \"lewd\" or \"obscene\", and therefore deemed that it violated their social media policies after she had posted it to her Twitter and Facebook accounts. However Ms Briskman said she had emphasised to management that she had not been in working hours when the photograph was taken and had not mentioned her employers on the social media pages. Ms Briskman also alleges that a male colleague was allowed to keep his job after deleting a post deemed as offensive in a separate incident. She therefore questions why she was immediately dismissed from her role. The 50-year-old mother-of-two had reportedly been at the government contractor firm for six months working in communications. Despite losing her job, Ms Briskman said she did not regret making the gesture. \"In some ways, I'm doing better than ever,\" she told The Huffington Post \"I'm angry about where our country is right now. I am appalled. This was an opportunity for me to say something.\" The press photographer, Brendan Smialowski, told the AFP website that it was common to see people protesting or making obscene gestures at presidents as they drove by. He said that he had been struck by the \"tenacity\" of Ms Briskman after she made the gesture several times and made attempts to catch up with the motorcade."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Ben Hope, 39, was accused by co-defendant Jason Richards of being \"covered in blood\" after Aamir's death. Mr Hope denied this at Swansea Crown Court and called Mr Richards a fantasist who \"lives in his own world\". The pair deny murdering Aamir in a bungled contract killing and the attempted murder of his parents. 'Drug stupor' Mr Hope told the court that on the day that Aamir was killed in April 2010, he had gone round to Mr Richards' home in North Road to look at his television because Freeview was not working. Mr Hope said he took his second dose of drugs that day at the house and they \"sent me into a stupor,\" he told the court. Mr Hope said he was not aware what was going on until Mr Richards woke him up. A CCTV clip was replayed to the jury of the two defendants walking along North Road around an hour after Aamir's murder. When Mr Aubrey asked him about the manner in which he was walking, Mr Hope said: \"I am walking all over the place because of the drugs I had taken\". Mr Hope said he was carrying an envelope containing £1,500 which he said he had made from selling drugs. He also told the court he was the more substantial drug dealer of the two defendants and was dealing in half a kilo and a kilo quantity of drugs as well as selling thousands of Valium tablets a week. Mr Hope said he had gone to the store Footlocker the day Aamir was attacked to buy trainers because his old ones were \"past their sell-by date\". He said he also went to PC World to buy a laptop because he intended to swap it for his mother's desktop computer. When asked why he called himself \"Dave\" in the computer store, Mr Hope replied that it was \"just an alias I use\" and he did not want to end up on a junk mail database. He said he changed his trainers in the back of a taxi and put his old trainers in the box which had contained the new shoes. Mr Hope said he then threw the box in a bin a couple of hundred yards from his home in Janner House. He also said he borrowed clothes that day from Mr Richards and left his old ones at Mr Richards' home. When asked why he did this, Mr Hope said when he injected his arm with drugs it was bleeding and the blood became smeared down him when he had fallen asleep in a stupor. He told the court that he did not see the clothing again and did not ask what had happened to it. Mr Hope told jurors that when he and Mr Richards went to Cardiff Addictions Unit the day after Aamir was killed, Mr Richards said \"he might have killed someone or words to that effect\". Koran lesson Mr Hope said he did not believe the statement and, when asked why, replied that Mr Richards was a \"bit of a fantasist\" who \"lives in his own world\". The jury was also told Mr Hope had previously been charged with murder. Mr Hope said he had previously stood trial with three other people but the judge had directed the jury to find him and another person not guilty. David Aubrey QC, defending Mr Hope, asked his client whether he was involved in the killing of Aamir or the attack on his parents and Mr Hope replied: \"No, I was not.\" The court has heard that just before he died, Aamir had been upstairs in his bedroom awaiting the arrival of an imam for a Koran lesson. He came downstairs on hearing the doorbell and was attacked as he opened the door of the family home in Roath. Aamir's father Iqbal Ahmad told how he and his wife, Parveen, were also injured while trying to fight off two attackers. The trial continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Tcherno Ly, 21, died after being stabbed in the chest in August 2019. Prosecution witness Teo Barros, who was with him on the day, told a jury Mr Ly had been attacked by two men who then ran off. Beni Nami, 20, and Hussein Semusu, 21, both on trial at Leeds Crown Court, deny the charge of murder When asked by defence barrister Alistair Webster QC if he had in fact stabbed Mr Ly himself, Mr Barros replied: \"I stabbed my own friend. Why?\" Mr Ly was attacked at the junction of Chapeltown Road and Button Hill at about 21:50 BST on 25 August. Prosecutors allege Beni Nami, 20, was \"without question the knifeman\" and Hussein Semusu, 21, was \"part of the attack\", though both men deny murdering Mr Ly. Giving evidence, Mr Barros said he had seen Mr Ly talking to two men behind a food stall in Button Hill. He said one of the men punched Mr Ly in the face, before Mr Ly was able to push him away and both men ran off. He said Mr Ly then fell to the floor and he could see he was bleeding. He said did not see who stabbed him. Mr Webster, however, claimed Mr Barros had stabbed Mr Ly and then told Mr Nami to hide the knife. He alleged Mr Barros was involved in \"county lines\" drug dealing and that he had used Mr Nami to sell drugs at the carnival. He also said the two men had been in contact with each other twice after Mr Ly's death. Mr Barros said he did not remember contacting Mr Nami, adding: \"Whatever Beni is trying to put in your head is all lies.\" Mr Nami, of Nassau Place, Chapeltown, and Mr Semusu, of Grange Avenue, Chapeltown, deny charges of murder and possession of an offensive weapon. The trial continues. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected] or send video here."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Dubbed Monkey Dust, the \"highly unpredictable\" substance has caused people to jump off buildings and run into traffic, police said. Stoke-on-Trent, resembled a scene from a zombie film thanks to the drug, one paramedic told the BBC. Staffordshire Police said it was working on ways to tackle supply. The force said it had 950 reports in three months - roughly 10 a day - related to Monkey Dust. 'Like Night of the Living Dead' Ch Supt Jeff Moore said those under the influence of Monkey Dust were \"difficult to deal with\" and posed \"a risk not just to other people but to themselves as well\". \"We have seen cases where we've got people running into traffic, we've seen cases where we've got people climbing onto buildings,\" he said. \"It is that unpredictability that is causing that concern.\" West Midlands Ambulance Service said it has also seen a monthly increase in call-outs since December. \"The effect on the patient can vary considerably; our staff often treat legal high users who have suffered seizures, heart attacks and strokes,\" a spokesman said. \"Some patients are left with long-term illnesses whilst others never wake up. \"Because it is impossible to tell what substances are used within the drugs, it can make it extremely difficult for our staff to provide treatment.\" 'One of the worst' Paramedic Steven Rust said: \"There is no regular pattern of behaviour and there is a psychosis of being paranoid, mixed in with all that and superhuman strength in some cases, and they have no fear of doing anything. \"There was a comment from a colleague who said he drove through Stoke-on-Trent a couple of nights ago and it was like a scene from the Night of the Living Dead. \"It is not a problem, it is already an epidemic.\" What is Monkey Dust? Last month, neighbouring force West Mercia Police issued its own warning after the deaths of two men thought to be linked to Monkey Dust. As part of the force's investigation, a 43-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of possession of drugs with intent to supply and released on bail. Debbie Moores, a service manager for One Recovery North Staffordshire, said: \"It is of epidemic proportions in Stoke-on-Trent but it is bleeding more into our area. She said: \"The impact on agencies is huge and it takes us away from what we are supposed to be doing. \"It is one of the worst drugs we have seen and the worst thing is, when people come around, they have no recollection of what has happened. \"We are hoping it is a fad...people are using it because they are bored and it's cheap.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Kevin PeacheyPersonal finance reporter Chancellor Philip Hammond announced an increase in the National Insurance rate for the self-employed, with one rise taking effect next April and another increase due in April 2019. So, what does this all mean? How does National Insurance work? Workers - whether they are employees or self-employed - pay National Insurance to qualify for certain benefits, such as the state pension. As the self-employed do not have access to some benefits they pay less in National Insurance. This discount also reflects the greater risks the self-employed take. For example, they do not get statutory sick pay if they cannot work owing to illness. Technically, there are four different classes of National Insurance. Class 1 is paid by employees. Class 2 and Class 4 are paid by the self-employed, and Class 3 is for voluntary top-ups. Employers also pay a contribution, of which more later. What is changing? In March last year, the chancellor at the time, George Osborne, confirmed that Class 2 contributions would be abolished in April 2018. In other words, that means a tax cut of £146 a year for anyone who is self-employed and making profits of more than £5,965 a year. A year on, and the current chancellor, Philip Hammond, said that the amount the self-employed pay in Class 4 contributions would rise from April 2018. Class 4 contributions will increase from a rate of 9% to 10% on profits above £8,060, going up to 11% the following year. Taken on its own, this means the self-employed, with profits of more than £8,060, will have a tax rise averaging £240 a year. Mr Hammond in his speech and afterwards, while under fire for the move, has chosen to explain the impact by taking into account both the Class 4 and the Class 2 changes. He says that only the self-employed with profits over £16,250 will have to pay more as a result of these changes - at an average cost of £31 a year to those affected. Treasury has 'taken the easy route' Alettia Elwin, who is self-employed and teaches music to children, says that Mr Hammond should have targeted large businesses, who are seeing a cut in corporation tax, rather than the self-employed. \"Why is he targeting small business when there are so many global companies out there that pay very little tax at all in the UK?\" she asks. \"They [the government] have taken the easy route by taxing us. It is a bit lazy of them.\" Sarah Lawrence, a self-employed bookkeeper from Somerset, says that employees and the self-employed should be treated differently. \"The biggest difference between me and the employed person getting the same gross income as my profit is the frequency of being paid,\" the 62-year-old says. \"I cannot and never have been able to rely on when I get paid. The employed person typically gets paid at the end of the month. \"I do not have holiday pay or sick pay or maternity pay, so how can I be deemed have parity with my employed counterpart? \"With no illness or holiday I may get the same but if I am ill my income will drop. Who will be hit? There are 4.8 million self-employed people in the UK. Of these, the Treasury says there are more than 2.5 million who make enough money to end up paying more tax from April 2018 owing to the Class 4 change announced by Mr Hammond. Taking the Class 2 change into account as well, then 1.6 million will end up paying more. The more money workers make, the more National Insurance they will pay. By April 2019, a self-employed worker will pay 11% on profits between £8,060 and £45,000, and 2% on profits over £45,000. The Institute for Fiscal Studies says that, overall, any self-employed person with profits of less than about £15,570 will be better off. The maximum loss, affecting those with profits of more than £45,000, will be £589 per year. What is the justification? Mr Hammond says that changes, primarily to the pension system, mean that the difference in benefit entitlement between employees and the self-employed is now narrower. The new state pension, introduced last year, gives the self-employed better access to more than just the minimum possible amount. What is the bigger picture? The way we work is changing. More flexible, some say. More insecure, say others. The number of self-employed workers has risen from 3.23 million at the end of 2000 to 4.8 million now. Average wages for self-employed workers were lower last year than in 1994-95, research from the Resolution Foundation suggests, although it also says that the rise in self-employment was driven by higher earners. The Treasury is missing out on some tax revenue as a result. So, with the chancellor under pressure to pay for social care, he decided to raise taxes from this group. In total, the National Insurance increase announced in the Budget will bring in £2bn for the Treasury by 2021-22. Why don't employers pay more? Employers who use self-employed workers do not have to pay national insurance contributions. Indeed, they also avoid paying pension contributions, holiday pay, sick pay and the like. They pay 13.8% of a traditional employee's salary in National Insurance. So questions have been raised as to why the chancellor chose to raise money from the self-employed, rather than from the businesses that use their services. That is part of a wider review led by Matthew Taylor, the chief executive of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. He is balancing the extra efficiency and lower prices that have resulted from new businesses such as Uber, with the lower tax revenue that results."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Douglas FraserBusiness/economy editor, Scotland But do they make sense to you and where do the figures used come from? Here, I've looked at the SNP's claim that its tax plans would raise an extra £2bn over the next parliament. How might an extra £2bn be possible? Most of the potential revenue is from a change to the threshold at which higher rate payers would start to pay tax, already rising to £43,000 with the start of the new financial year. The SNP said it would not implement the full increase being planned by George Osborne for the rest of the UK, but restricting the increase to inflation. The Chancellor has started raising that threshold faster than inflation, and the Conservative manifesto last year set out to raise it to £50,000. This is a tax cut, because each pound earned between the current and future threshold for 40% will be taxed at only half the rate (20%) if it falls into the basic rate band. So, where does Ms Sturgeon find £1.2bn extra as she claims, from a tax cut. It involves part of the Fiscal Framework agreed with the Treasury in London. In future, if Westminster policy means an impact on Scottish revenue, Westminster has to compensate Holyrood for that. By cutting tax for higher earners, but not doing so for Scotland, George Osborne is reckoned by Scottish government economists to owe £120m in 2016-17, rising to £350m in 2020-21. Add up the years, and you get £1.25bn. And what about the rest of the £2bn claimed by the SNP? Changes to local taxes How much more could be raised? 3% Rate at which councils can up tax £350m If all 32 used 3% rise £500m Changes to bands £650m Business tax rises The party is proposing that councils should be allowed to increase Council Tax rates by 3%. If all 32 local authorities do so, that would bring in an extra £350m if you add up the figures over five years (the annual revenue is now just under £2bn, so the first year would bring in an extra £60m). In addition to that, a re-organisation of council tax bands is expected to draw another £500m from owners of more valuable homes - again, in tranches increasing over the five years, and totalling that half billion. And big business faces a tax hike of £650m from non-domestic rates. The total of that comes to £2.7bn. But as some of it depends on council decisions, and perhaps because the SNP doesn't want to sound too keen on high tax, it has been rounded down to \"two billion\". How do rivals of the SNP see things? Scotland's 40p tax payers 372,000 Approximate total number 10% Working population £190m Value of 40p tax cut plan 14,000 Workers removed if cut adopted in Scotland Unsurprisingly, opponents see things differently to the SNP. One aspect of the arithmetic highlighted by rivals of the SNP is that higher rate tax-payers will be paying more tax - up to £323 more - relative to people with the same taxable income in the rUK. So one interpretation of this is that Holyrood gains from compensation through an adjustment to its block grant from Westminster - though that calculation is open to dispute between parties in the campaign, and between governments from next year. The other way of looking at this is how much Scottish taxpayers have to fork out. And under SNP plans, higher earners would be handing more money to Holyrood, so you can choose to see this as a (relative) tax raid on higher earners."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Kamal AhmedEconomics editor@bbckamalon Twitter The review is set to call for a new category of worker called a \"dependent contractor\". Those workers - likely to cover riders for firms like Deliveroo and Uber - should receive benefits such as sick pay and holiday leave, it will say. And they will be covered by some of the minimum wage requirements. This will help clear up the present grey area between a fully employed and a self-employed person - presently called a \"worker\" in employment law. The review by Matthew Taylor, the head of the Royal Society of Arts and a former Tony Blair adviser, will outline a structure obliging firms to show that a person working for them can earn at least 1.2 times the present national living wage of £7.50 an hour for over-25s. The companies will do that by modelling the number of tasks - or \"gigs\" - an average person working at an average rate can achieve. An estimated 1.1 million people work in the gig economy. 'New world' I understand the review, due to be published on Tuesday, has looked at the agriculture sector where \"piece work\" calculations - how much a crop picker can pick in an hour, for example - work in a similar way. The review has seen evidence that hourly rates in the sector are set at 1.2 times the national minimum wage. The review will call for the new \"dependent contractor\" payment system to be overseen by the Low Pay Commission, the official body which sets the minimum wage. The review of the new world of work - set up by Theresa May before the last election - has also looked positively at models where gig workers can log on at any time and see \"real time\" earnings potential. If the company can only offer enough work to earn, say, £5 an hour, because it is a quiet period, then it is up to the gig worker whether they accept that rate. They would not subsequently be able to take action against the gig company for not paying the minimum wage, the review will suggest. Sources have told me that Mr Taylor and his review panel have been impressed by how many gig firms have transformed the economy both for workers and for consumers. But Mr Taylor wants to ensure that the relationship between the worker and the digital platform firm is a fair one, offering \"two-way flexibility\" so that workers receive benefits while at the same time retaining the ability to work when they want. Firms like Uber, Deliveroo and CitySprint at present insist that their drivers and riders are self-employed and therefore can work when they want. In return for that flexibility, the workers do not receive the same benefits as full-time employees, such as the guaranteed minimum wage, sick pay, holiday entitlement and pension provision. 'Out of date' The companies also avoid paying national insurance contributions for the people who work for them. They have been criticised for exploiting the law on \"self-employment\" to keep costs down. Though firms like Deliveroo point out that their riders earn on average between £9.50 and £10 an hour - well above the minimum wage. Critics say their model also undermines the government's tax base as self-employed people pay lower taxes than the fully employed. A report by the Trades Union Congress suggested that the Treasury could be losing up to £4bn a year in revenue due to the rapid growth of \"insecure\" work. Last week Will Shu, the founder and chief executive of Deliveroo, told me he wanted to offer a wider range of benefits to delivery riders but believed that he was constrained by present-day employment law, which he described as \"out of date\". In the BBC interview, Mr Shu said the company would consider paying holiday and pension rights as well as sickness and injury benefits if the law changed. Sources say that Mr Taylor's report will not name firms but will recognise that the gig economy has raised challenges for the way employment law works. Uber and the courier firm CitySprint have lost court cases over whether their drivers are truly self-employed or are in fact \"workers\" who are employed largely by one firm, and therefore should receive more rights. Turning down work is often not seen as an option by riders and drivers. It is this category which will become \"dependent contractors\" if the review's recommendations are implemented. It could also mean gig firms are obliged to pay national insurance contributions, which they avoid at the moment. Quality of work The report goes far wider than the \"gig\" economy, and also looks at the quality of work on offer. In an earlier interview with me, Mr Taylor said that the UK had been very good at creating a large number of jobs - which was an economic good - and that now the question was how to make those jobs of a high, and rewarding, quality. The report will say that the quality of work and enhancing skills should be at the heart of the debate on employment in the UK. Controversies such as the overuse of zero-hours contracts, for example, also have to be tackled, it will say. But it will not back Labour's policy of banning zero-hours contracts, saying they are useful for some forms of work where demand fluctuates rapidly, such as organising conferences or in the retail sector."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Grade II-listed Capel Carmel in Porth Amlwch built in 1826 has suffered from vandalism since closing in 2003. Villagers have claimed the plan to convert it into seven flats would cause parking problems in the area. Anglesey councillors backed the development after highways officers said they were satisfied with the parking arrangements. Capel Carmel was given its listed status for being \"a good mid-19th Century chapel with fine Neoclassical facade\". The chapel, which was boarded up and put up for sale in 2003, suffered substantial damage in a 2013 arson attack, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service. Application documents said the building was \"in a state of disrepair, attracting vandalism and vermin, causing a devaluation of the area and degrading the conservation guidelines\". They added: \"Careful regard to the design of the existing listed building has been incorporated into the plans so that the residential apartments marries in well with the current location and surroundings.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Surrey cathedral costs £1.17m a year to run and is currently operating with an annual £100,000 deficit, the Very Reverend Dianna Gwilliams said. She said the cathedral had never had financial security but the sell-off would give it a future. Land on Stag Hill will be sold off for housing, and staff and clergy homes will be replaced, under the proposals. The housing would be a mix of social and private housing, and a new Cathedral Close would accommodate cathedral staff. Urgent repairs Dean Gwilliams said: \"Our belief is that fulfilling our strategy for 2020 will have a positive impact on Guildford as a whole by delivering much-needed affordable housing as well as creating a more welcoming and attractive environment: a centre of worship, culture, music, education and social activity.\" She said the seven-year plan included providing enhanced public open space on Stag Hill, better links with the town centre and a major programme of urgent repairs to the cathedral Public consultation will follow and the cathedral will be working with both Guildford Borough Council and English Heritage to ensure the plans are appropriate and sustainable, she added. A tender process to find a developer is under way."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The government first said the vacant site would be sold for residential use after officials rejected plans for a hotel and leisure development. Yet a week later, it said it would give developers a week to revise the leisure aspect of the plans. Tony Brown said David Cretney, minister for Community, Culture and Leisure, was right to give the developers more time. Mr Brown said: \"We can be dogmatic and then people will say we never even listened to anybody or sometimes we make a decision, somebody comes forward, we actually listen to them and say 'OK we will give you a bit longer to look at it again'. \"Ultimately the decision is we are selling the Summerland site unless there is a very good reason. \"We do have to make some decisions based on our responsibilities.\" The site in Douglas, which is currently being looked at by developers GB Building Solutions and Springham Ltd, has been unused since the Summerland Complex was demolished in 2005. Douglas Corporation bought the site in 1964 and developed it as the Summerland Complex which opened in 1971. Two years later fire swept through the complex killing more than 50 people. The Summerland disaster led to a major change in fire regulations on the Isle of Man and in the UK. It was rebuilt in 1976 and reopened in 1978."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A judge in Los Angeles will decide whether he has violated the terms of his court order. Brown, 23, tested positive for cannabis in June in the US state of Virginia, where he's doing his community service. The star was sentenced to five years probation after admitting an assault on then-girlfriend Rihanna. Brown produced a marijuana prescription card from California after testing positive. The state is among 16 in America that allows cannabis to be used for medical purposes. His lawyer, Mark Geragos, said his client had \"completed all of his community service\" which included picking up rubbish, washing cars, painting and mucking out stables. A court will also look at whether he has broken travel restrictions by flying to France. Los Angeles Superior Court judge Patricia Schnegg warned Brown that he was seen by many young people as a role model. She said: \"You are not an ordinary person who can sit in your living room and do whatever you want to do. \"More importantly, a lot of people look up to you, a lot of kids. \"What you do and what you say impacts a lot of people.\" The singer was sentenced to five years probation and six months community service after pleading guilty to criminal assault for beating Rihanna up before the Grammy awards in 2009. He has already completed anger management and domestic violence counselling."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Beauty queen Baylee Curran told the LA Times Mr Brown had pointed the gun at her face after she had been admiring his friend's jewellery. Mr Brown came out of his home after a stand-off with police on Tuesday. Mr Brown's lawyer tweeted that his client was later freed, adding that the accusations were \"demonstrably false\". Associated Press reported that Mr Brown was released on $250,000 (£190,000) bail. The singer has several convictions for violence, including a 2009 assault on his then girlfriend, pop star Rihanna. Chris Brown 'considered suicide' after Rihanna assault Police went to Mr Brown's home following the emergency call early on Tuesday from Ms Curran, who by that time had left the property. Ms Curran told the LA Times that she and a friend had gone to Mr Brown's house with a business associate on Monday evening. She said she had been admiring the diamond necklace of a man who had been showing off his jewellery when the man got angry and told her to back away. That is when she says Mr Brown pulled out a gun, pointed it at her face and told her to get out. \"If somebody put a gun to your head, what would you do? Call the police,\" Ms Curran said on her Instagram account, AFP news agency reported. Once at Mr Brown's sprawling mansion, police officers were allegedly denied entry and had to wait for a judge to approve a search warrant before going inside to search for a weapon. It wasn't until Mr Brown's lawyer arrived that the singer eventually emerged. Police said about half a dozen people had been escorted out of the residence and would be interviewed. During the stand-off, Mr Brown posted videos online accusing the police of harassment. \"When you get the warrant for whatever you need to do, you're going to walk right up in here and you're going to see nothing, you idiots,\" he said in one Instagram video, posted to 30m followers. In another, Mr Brown also voiced support for the Black Lives Matter movement against police brutality, saying: \"You're all the worst gang in the world, the police.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A judge ruled some content amounted to prima facie harassment of the man and risked infringing his human rights. Facebook was given 72 hours to take down the page 'Keeping our kids safe from predators'. The page has been taken down, but two with similar names then appeared on Friday afternoon. Mr Justice McCloskey said: \"Society has dealt with the plaintiff in accordance with the rule of law.\" \"He has been punished by incarceration and he is subject to substantial daily restrictions on his lifestyle.\" 'Degrading treatment' The man, who cannot be identified, was given a six year jail sentence for a string of child sex offences committed more than two decades ago. The man, known only as XY, issued proceedings against the social networking site after discovering his photograph and threatening comments posted on the page. He claimed harassment, misuse of private information, and a breach of his right to privacy and freedom from inhuman or degrading treatment. The court heard that he fears being attacked or burnt out of his home. In a statement he described the published material as an attempt to vilify and stir up hatred against him. Details of some of the comments posted about him since his case against Facebook Ireland Ltd gained publicity had been disclosed earlier in court. One said: \"So the man, or I mean mess of a human being, that's taken this page to court, he must want to be the head paedophile and rule over all sex offenders. He will be like a god to them.\" Another stated: \"Put him down like an animal.\" Interim relief It was also set out how he is suffering from ill health. Although Facebook has already removed his photo and comments made about the man, his legal team insisted the page should be shut down down. They are also seeking disclosure of the identity of those who set up and ran it. Lawyers for Facebook argued that it was neither necessary nor proportionate to remove a page used by 4,000 people. However, balancing the competing rights to privacy and freedom of expression, Mr Justice McCloskey ruled in favour of the plaintiff. He pointed out that only interim relief was being sought at this stage, and that granting it would cause minimal disruption to Facebook. \"I conclude that the pendulum of the rule of law swings in the plaintiff's favour,\" the judge said. \"The order of the court will be that the removal from facebook.com of the page entitled 'Keeping our kids safe from predators'... is to be effected within 72 hours.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Officers were called to The Mall in Luton at about 14:30 GMT on Sunday, along with crews from the East of England Ambulance Service. The two boys sustained \"serious injuries\" and remain in hospital. Both have been arrested on suspicion of violent disorder. Bedfordshire Police said there will be \"increased patrols\" around The Mall. 'Broad daylight' Images on social media showed a large knife on the ground outside WHSmith in the shopping centre. Det Insp Jackie Dadd, from Bedfordshire Police, said: \"This happened in broad daylight in a busy shopping centre and has obviously caused some real concern to members of the public. \"We are aware that there are a lot of images and video being circulated on social media, and would urge anyone who captured the incident on their phones to contact police.\" Police have asked anyone with information to contact them on the non-emergency number 101 or call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The 14-year-old was left seriously injured after the brawl involving a group of youths on Princess Avenue in St Helens at 18:55 GMT on Tuesday. Merseyside Police said the boy was taken to hospital for treatment to his \"serious wounds\". A Section 60 stop and search order was authorised for an area of St Helens in response to the stabbing. The order, which gives officers the ability to stop people they believe may be carrying weapons, began at 20:00 on Tuesday and concluded at 11:00 on Wednesday. 'Appalling' The force said officers were also in the area to carry out forensic, CCTV and witness inquiries. No arrests have been made and police have asked anyone with information to contact them. Det Insp Yoseph Al-Ramadhan said: \"This is an appalling incident and we are working to establish the exact circumstances and identify those involved. \"The use of weapons on our streets is unacceptable and, as we have seen tonight, can result in serious injury or worse.\" Related Internet Links Merseyside Police"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mr Johnson said retail staff were \"excited\" and had done \"a huge amount of work\" to allow for safer shopping. But he said people must continue to respect social distancing measures. It comes as a further 36 deaths from coronavirus were announced in the past 24 hours. It brings the UK death toll - across all settings - to 41,698. The latest daily figure is the lowest since before lockdown began on 23 March, but there tends to be fewer deaths reported at the weekend, because of a reporting lag. While food shops and pharmacies, as well as other essential retailers including banks and petrol stations, have been open throughout lockdown, non-essential stores, such as book shops and fashion outlets, have been shuttered since 23 March. The prime minister said he was \"very optimistic about the opening [of shops]\", but stressed \"the most important thing is public safety and the health of our country\". He said it was difficult to tell whether there would be \"a huge wave... or a trickle\" of customers on Monday, but urged the public returning to the shops \"to observe the rules on social distancing and do it safely\". With \"fewer than 1 in 1000 cases in the population\", people had made \"a huge sacrifice...and we can't throw it away\", Mr Johnson said. Analysis: A re-imagined shopping experience By Katy Austin, business correspondent Not all shops will raise the shutters on day one: the reopening will be gradual. But for many, it's an important opportunity to welcome spending customers back in store. Having spent time and money preparing safety measures, in line with \"Covid-secure\" guidelines, shop owners are hoping the public will have the confidence to return, and that they will follow rules on queuing and hygiene. Some expect an initial surge of activity; others expect much lower levels of trade in the coming months, compared to before the crisis. One reason is that social distancing will limit the number of customers in store, another is that the experience will be different. There will be less spontaneous browsing, for example, and no relaxing at a café or restaurant while most hospitality venues remain closed. The lockdown also accelerated the move towards online shopping, with fewer physical stores likely to be needed in future. Mr Johnson's comments echoed those of Chancellor Rishi Sunak who earlier praised retailers' \"extraordinary\" efforts to create a 'Covid-secure' environment. From Monday, most retailers can open as long as they follow safety guidelines. Those who fail to ensure their premises are Covid-secure could face enforcement notices. Plastic screens at the tills and floor markings to keep shoppers 2m (6ft 5ins) apart - already a regular fixture in supermarkets - will be a key feature. Other measures will include pleas not to touch items unless customers intend to purchase them and decontaminating shopping baskets after each use. It comes as Mr Johnson faces increased pressure to ease the 2m social distancing rule, which many ministers see as crucial to the further reopening of the economy. Mr Sunak told the BBC the government would \"actively\" look again at the measure, given its \"enormous impact\" on the profitability of businesses. \"You are right to highlight the impact it has on business - it is the difference between maybe three-quarters and a third of pubs opening, for example, so it is important we look at it.\" It is understood the review will aim to report back by 4 July - currently the earliest mooted date for the reopening of pubs, bars, restaurants and hairdressers in England. While other countries have enforced a lesser distance of 1m (just over 3ft), in keeping with the World Health Organization's recommendation, the UK government's scientific advisers have so far maintained that being 1m apart carries up to 10 times the risk of being 2m apart. \"Ultimately it is for ministers [to decide],\" said Mr Sunak. \"We are the people who are elected to make decisions in this country. People should hold us responsible and accountable for making those decisions.\" The chancellor acknowledged many people would be \"anxious\" at the prospect of going out shopping again after almost three months in lockdown. But he stressed \"it is a safe environment and we should all be able to go out knowing that we should be able to shop in confidence\". \"Shops up and down the country are desperate to welcome us all back and I think we all want to see our High Streets spring back to life again,\" he said. 'If we don't innovate, we won't be here for long' Designer men's clothing retailer Brother2Brother will be reopening its Reading store on Monday for the first time since March. Buying director Steven Hall said the firm \"could not wait\" to reopen, although the shopping experience might be different from what customers are used to - with staff provided with PPE and a limit of six customers at a time. In addition to \"cleaning of counters after every purchase [and] cleaning of the changing rooms after use... we will also have to quarantine the goods for at least 24 hours before they are put back into circulation\". He added that customers will be encouraged to try things on at home and return them where possible and \"pretty much everything\" will be given a sale price as the company looks to shift its seasonal stock. One way the store is attempting to drum up business is by letting customers book 30-minute slots, allowing staff to prepare a selection of items suited to their tastes. \"If we don't try to innovate and make sure business can operate at some sort of level we probably wouldn't be here for very long,\" Mr Hall said. More than half of UK customers expect they will now go shopping less, according to a survey of more than 1,000 people by accountancy giant EY. And Andrew Goodacre, chief executive of The British Independent Retailers Association, believes people may \"soon become weary of queuing\". The British Retail Consortium (BRC), the trade body for retailers, is urging the public to \"play their part\" in making shopping safer. Along with 25 other retailers, it says customers should follow five steps: Do you work in a shop that is reopening? You can get in touch by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The minister for regional development said: \"We need to create an environment which invites people to walk and cycle as much as possible. \"That is my vision for Northern Ireland and I am committed to making it happen.\" Mr Kennedy was speaking after a three-day fact-finding trip to Copenhagen in Denmark and Malmo in Sweden. He said the benefits of a cycling culture went far beyond a healthy lifestyle. He added: \"It has been very impressive to see at first hand how 'normal' cycling is for the majority of the populations in these cities. \"One of the key learning points for me is that cycling is not a goal in itself but is a means to an end. \"People here cycle for convenience because the infrastructure is so good. \"There are miles of wide cycle lanes all with excellent links across the cities and out to the suburbs with easy access to public transport. \"The knock-on effects are a healthier population putting less strain on health services. Traders too, reap the benefits from the numbers of people travelling round the city with countless bike stands for people to stop and shop.\" In May, Northern Ireland hosts the first three stages of the Giro d'Italia, the world's second biggest cycle race."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The group of Olympians - including gold medallists Jason Kenny and Laura Trott - said encouraging more people to use bikes instead of cars would be \"the best way\" to honour their success. They called on the PM to address \"chronic underfunding\" in cycling. The Department for Transport said investment had tripled since 2010. Team GB enjoyed a record-breaking Olympics and topped the cycling medal table at Rio 2016 for the third games in a row. Downing Street has since implied there would be \"no limit\" to the number of honours given to Olympic heroes. 'Slow lane' But signatories to the letter - including Mark Cavendish, Joanna Rowsell Shand, Becky James and Sir Chris Hoy - said the best way to mark their achievements would be to invest in cycling. A \"lack of leadership\" has kept cycling as a mode of transport \"in the slow lane\", they said. Cycling \"does not enjoy the government investment or political leadership given to roads, rail or aviation,\" the letter added. \"Only networks of segregated cycle lanes in towns and cities across the country can achieve and influence growth,\" it said. The letter called for 5% of the government's transport spending to go on cycling, saying this was the \"only way\" to give it \"the priority it deserves\". \"Investment in cycling as a form of transport isn't purely an investment in cycle lanes,\" it said. \"It is an investment that will pay off for the nation's health, wealth, transport infrastructure and the vibrancy of our towns and cities. It has the added benefit of just making it easier for ordinary families to get to work and get to school. \"Our athletes have inspired the country and now we urge the government to take cycling seriously as a transport option for everyone.\" Chris Boardman, Elinor Barker, Owain Doull and Katy Marchant also signed the letter. Boardman, a former Olympic champion who is now British Cycling's policy advisor, said cycling \"isn't only a sport\", but a way for people to get to school and to the shops. He told BBC Radio 5 live the death of his mother - who was killed while cycling in North Wales in July - had made him more determined to campaign for new cycling routes. He described her death as \"needless\" and called for \"protected spaces\" not mixed in with fast-moving traffic. In March, the government unveiled proposals to encourage people to cycle and walk more in England. The Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy includes the ambition of doubling the number of people using bikes by 2025. The government is now considering feedback on the draft plan. The Department for Transport said it was spending £300m on cycling funding - as well as a further £500m for infrastructure in local communities. \"The number of people choosing to get about by bike has grown over recent years and, following the success of our Rio Olympians, we want to see this trend continue,\" a spokesman said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Clodagh RiceBusiness Reporter, BBC News NI That is down from £27.3m for the same period last year. This is because of an increase in loan impairment charges. Operating profit rose to £22m, up from £20m the previous year. Lending is 9% higher year-on-year and deposits grew by 6%. Danske Bank UK CEO Kevin Kingston, said: \"As the biggest bank in Northern Ireland, we look forward to making more possible for customers and supporting the wider economy in the year ahead\". Danske Bank is one of the largest banks in Northern Ireland, with 44 branches."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Tracey and David Hannell ran Merseypride Travel which operated the coach travelling back from the Isle of Wight's Bestival. A 20-year-old tyre burst on the way back to Merseyside in September 2012. The firm's licence was revoked by the Traffic Commissioner who has now disqualified the pair indefinitely. Traffic Commissioner for the North West of England Beverley Bell disqualified Mr and Ms Hannell from operating buses and coaches in their absence at a disqualification hearing. The pair have 28 days to appeal against the decision. Driver Colin Daulby, 63, from Warrington, passengers Kerry Ogden, 23, of Maghull in Liverpool, and Michael Molloy, 18, from Woolton in Liverpool, were killed when the coach crashed into a fence and tree. After a public inquiry in December, Mrs Bell revoked the firm's licence and banned Ms Hannell from working as a transport manager in the industry indefinitely. She was fined £4,300 in August after admitting allowing the use of a vehicle with a tyre with ply or cord exposed, and permitting the number of passengers to exceed the number of seats on the vehicle. A verdict of accidental death was recorded at the inquest held in Woking, Surrey in July."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Mohamed Chache died and his nine passengers were injured in the crash at a small bridge on the B9161 near Munlochy on 11 January. A fatal accident inquiry heard that the bus had been travelling at 52mph and the speed limit at the bridge was 40mph. A sheriff has determined the cause of the crash was excessive speed. Mr Chache, known by the nickname Smiler, lived in Inverness but was originally from Zanzibar. In her determination, Sheriff Margaret Neilson said the inquiry heard that the 50-year-old had been a \"long-standing and valued\" employee and colleague at bus firm Stagecoach with an \"excellent safety record\". Mr Chache was driving a Stagecoach service bus from Inverness to Cromarty. The crash happened at about 17:40 at Littlemill Bridge. The bus failed to take the corner and crashed through a bridge parapet and rolled before coming to a stop on its side in a field. One passenger told the inquiry of telling her grandson to \"hold on\" as the bus approached the bridge. She said the lights went out and it felt like she was on \"a merry-go-round and floating in the air\". The inquiry heard bus drivers would usually negotiate the bend at the bridge at speeds of 20-30mph. Sheriff Neilson said she wished to formally express the court service's condolences to Mr Chache's family. She said: \"Mr Chache was clearly a much valued and respected employee who was well liked by both his employers and passengers.\" Related Internet Links Police Scotland"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Holly WallisBBC News So what are the views of some of those workers who travel in the helicopters to get to and from their jobs? \"I'm due offshore today but I'll be back in two weeks and I'm very scared about it,\" says Amy, who works in the same part of the oil industry as Sarah Darnley, 45, from Elgin - one of those who died in Friday's crash. She says she will \"personally refuse\" to get into a Super Puma if they are reinstated and \"will consider a job change if something is not done by the industry to address the issue of safety\". The Super Puma AS332 L2 had been carrying 16 passengers and two crew from the Borgsten Dolphin oil rig to Sumburgh airport in Shetland when the incident happened on Friday evening. Along with Ms Darnley, Duncan Munro, 46, from Bishop Auckland, Gary McCrossan, 59, from Inverness, and George Allison, 57, from Winchester died. An investigation now under way has not yet established the cause of the crash. \"It´s a terrible loss,\" says Amy. \"I only wish that they had grounded the Super Pumas when they had previous warnings.\" Friday's crash was the fifth time in four years that Super Pumas have been involved in North Sea incidents, and another model - the Super Puma EC225 - was grounded following two emergencies in 2012. Those aircraft were only given the go-ahead to resume flying earlier this month. Commenting on Friday's fatal crash, Super Puma manufacturer, Eurocopter, says: \"At this point in time, limited technical information is available regarding the cause of this accident. \"Eurocopter's experts are in Aberdeen working closely with the investigation authorities to determine the cause.\" 'Safety concerns' Other employees describe the cramped conditions of some Super Pumas. \"The EC225 is a flying death trap,\" says one oil worker who has been travelling offshore for 20 years and wants to remain anonymous. \"The internal seat layout means [those] in the back... are so close that your knees are interlocked with the passenger sitting opposite you. \"In an emergency it would be nigh-on impossible to get out of such a small space.\" About 26,000 people, from technicians to catering staff, work for more than 100 nights a year offshore in the UK, according to Oil and Gas UK. The number rises to more than 50,000 when others working offshore for a few nights a year are included. Aviation experts argue the Super Puma has a relatively good safety record, having been service in the North Sea for some 30 years and with over 800 aircraft operating around the world. Another unnamed oil worker, who accepts the helicopters are doing hundreds and hundreds of flights a day without any problems, goes on to say: \"If a fixed-wing airplane had as many accidents as the Super Puma nobody would fly in it.\" He says he will have his reservations about taking the helicopter again. \"Everyone who gets on tries to get a window seat in case of an emergency.\" An oil worker from Fochabers in Moray, based on a platform near Shetland, agrees many workers have lost faith in the aircraft. \"The general feedback from the guys out here is that if they were asked to go on Super Puma helicopters they would certainly have doubts - to the point of refusing point blank. \"But you are then put between a rock and a hard place because if you don't go to work you can't support your family, pay your mortgage etc.\" RMT union's Jake Molloy says: \"There's certainly a groundswell of concern across the industry, but workers say they can't comment openly because of worries about their employment.\" 'Vastly improved' safety The partner of someone who works on a rig west of Shetland says: \"Morale regarding flights is at an all time low, with many people extremely nervous to fly.\" But she says most of them are reluctant to speak out. \"The fact that workers are put in this position... where they feel speaking the truth about safety issues concerning transport to and from work may result in lost jobs, is an absolute disgrace.\" However, Duncan Trapp from CHC - which operated the helicopter that crashed on Friday - says: \"We understand the concerns and anger among the workforce and we are devastated by Friday's tragedy. It is too early to identify the cause of the accident. \"Any offshore worker should be assured that no helicopter operator and no pilot will fly unless they believe it is safe to do so. We do not and will not cut corners on safety.\" The company also stresses that \"significant work by those involved in safety\" in the oil and gas industry has \"vastly improved the safety of those travelling to offshore installations\" in the last four years. And a spokeswoman from Oil and Gas UK, representing the industry, says \"questions and any concerns\" should be flagged up to the Helicopter Safety Steering Group (HSS), which is now deciding whether to continue suspending Super Pumas. \"Helicopter safety remains a focus\" for the industry, she adds."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Salih Khater aimed his car at members of the public before swerving towards police officers in Parliament Square, his trial at the Old Bailey heard. His actions of 14 August 2018 were \"designed to cause maximum death and injury\", the jury was told. Mr Khater, 30, of Birmingham, denies two counts of attempted murder. 'Terrorist motive' Opening the case for the prosecution, Alison Morgan QC said the defendant first drove at cyclists waiting at traffic lights, before driving at officers guarding the side entrance to the Palace of Westminster and then crashing into a security barrier. She said: \"He caused widespread fear and chaos but miraculously, and contrary to his intentions, he did not kill anyone that day. \"Those who were faced with a vehicle being driven at them at high velocity somehow, and largely by their quick responses, managed to avoid death or very serious injury.\" Ms Morgan told jurors Mr Khater's reason for the attack was unclear. But she suggested that by targeting officers guarding the Palace of Westminster, the defendant had a \"terrorist motive\". She added: \"Using his car in the way that he did, driving in the manner and direction he did, the prosecution alleges that it is obvious that he intended to kill as many people as possible.\" Jurors were shown CCTV footage of the defendant's silver Ford Fiesta driving at cyclists before crashing into barriers as two uniformed police officers dived out of the way. Footage also showed Mr Khater driving through Parliament Square at 01:00 BST, allegedly conducting reconnaissance. He returned about six hours later and completed four laps of the square before launching the attack, jurors were told. The Sudanese national, who was granted asylum in the UK in 2010, had shown signs of \"paranoia\" about British authorities in the months leading up to the attack, the court heard. Ms Morgan told the jury: \"The defendant selected an iconic site. This was no coincidence.\" Mr Khater has also pleaded not guilty to two alternative charges of attempting to cause grievous bodily harm. The trial continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Khairi Saadallah, 26, attacked James Furlong, 36, David Wails, 49, and Joseph Ritchie-Bennett, 39, in the Forbury Gardens in June. A hearing to decide if he was motivated by a religious or ideological cause has been told he was \"no radical Islamist\". The hearing at the Old Bailey is part of his sentencing. Saadallah, of Basingstoke Road, Reading, has pleaded guilty to three murders and three attempted murders. An examination of his mobile phone revealed extremist material, including an image of the Islamic State flag and the 9/11 Twin Towers attack, the court was told. The prosecution is seeking a whole-life prison order, meaning he would never be considered for release. Rossano Scamardella QC, defending, said the sentence should be one of life imprisonment with a starting point of 30 years, due to a lack of serious premeditation, the \"fleeting\" strength of his commitment to Islamist jihad, and his mental health issues. He said while the attack in Reading was \"terrifying\" and \"senseless\", it did not justify the failed Libyan asylum seeker being jailed for more than 30 years. He added that \"as brutal as these killings were\", the suggestion they were \"ruthlessly efficient\" had been \"exaggerated\". Saadallah took \"certain steps to facilitate the killings\", he said, but \"significant planning or premeditation simply does not exist\". He told the hearing Saadallah had \"come to the attention of the authorities on hundreds of occasions\", and had a history of frequent interactions with the police, criminal justice system and mental health services. He said Saadallah had developed an emotionally unstable and anti-social personality disorder and \"right up until the day of killing he was plainly suffering from episodes of psychosis\". Mr Scamardella said there is no suggestion this caused his offending but insisted his \"culpability [for the attack] is reduced\". The court heard earlier that a psychiatrist has since concluded the attack on June 20 was \"unrelated to the effects of either mental disorder or substance misuse\". Saadallah had described himself in interview as \"part Muslim and part Catholic\", said Mr Scamardella, adding: \"No radical Islamist would countenance adoption of another faith, it's inconceivable.\" He said portraying Saadallah as a committed jihadist was a \"superficially attractive proposition\" based on \"pieces of evidence that exist that demonstrate or at least might demonstrate a fleeting interest\". Three others - Stephen Young, Patrick Edwards and Nishit Nisudan - were also injured by Saadallah. The hearing continues. Related Internet Links HM Courts & Tribunals Service"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Kyle Urquhart, 22, and Patrick Noble, 52, both of Aberdeen, Ian Ewing, 44, of Stonehaven and Ian Yeomans, 57, of Peterhead, deny various charges. It follows an incident on the A98, close to Cullen, in September 2018. An allegation they attempted to murder a man called Alistair Thompson was withdrawn on the fifth day of the trial at the High Court in Edinburgh. It was claimed the four men drove a car, with a registration plate number BK67 NUH, at Mr Thompson. The Crown also withdrew an allegation which claimed the four men committed a breach of the peace at the same location. The Crown also amended another charge of attempted murder facing the four men. It was claimed that they attempted to murder a motorcyclist called John Sutherland. However, the men are now alleged to have assaulted Mr Sutherland to his severe injury and permanent disfigurement. Clawhammer claim Prosecutors also claim that the four men assaulted a man called Colin Sutherland. It is claimed they drove the same car at him, collided with him and this caused him to fall from his bike and lose consciousness. Prosecutors say they then repeatedly struck Mr Sutherland on the head and body with a claw hammer, a tyre iron and a baseball bat before repeatedly kicking him on the body. It is claimed they then cut Mr Sutherland's clothing with a knife and that they attempted to murder him. The Crown also claims that they assaulted a man called Edward Forrest by striking him on the head and body with a clawhammer which rendered him unconscious. Prosecutors say these alleged actions were to Mr Forrest's \"severe injury permanent disfigurement and to the danger\" of his life. They are also alleged to have assaulted Nicky Syratt to his injury and danger of his life. The trial, before Lady Scott, continues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Haroldas Ivanovas, Salius Mickus, Tomas Bakierskis and Rogertas Slekaitis, were sentenced at Truro Crown Court for conspiracy to rob and using an imitation firearm with the intent of causing fear of violence. A jury found them guilty of carrying out a violent raid at Michael Spiers jewellery store in Truro, Cornwall. Agris Davidonis was given 21 months for perverting the course of justice. Andruis Buinevicius and Gytis Inokaitis were jailed for on Thursday for their part in the raid. Police described the raid in January as the \"biggest armed robbery\" the Devon and Cornwall force has ever seen. The stolen property, which included a £95,000 ring, has never been recovered. Read more stories from Devon and Cornwall In sentencing, Judge Simon Carr told the men they had been part of a \"meticulously planned and executed armed robbery\" which had been carried out using \"almost military precision\". He said he had taken into account \"the sophistication and care with which the robbery was planned\" when deciding on the length of the jail terms. \"In just under two minutes you succeeded in stealing almost £1m of jewellery from the Michael Spiers store,\" he said. A jury heard how four masked men entered the shop, threatened staff and put £965,000 worth of goods into holdalls before getting away in a car. Staff were threatened with an imitation pistol, pepper spray and told \"to get down\" while crowbars were used to force open cabinets. Harijus Jaciaskas was found not guilty on Thursday of assisting an offender but pleaded guilty to breaching a deportation order by residing in the UK and was sentenced for three months in jail. The men, all from Lithuania, entered the UK shortly before the robbery. The full sentences were:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Aaron Blackburn, 18, Matthew Wallis, 17, and a 16-year-old, carried out the raid at the Foreways store in Carlisle in November. Wallis, who was wearing a red gas mask and brandishing a large meat cleaver, vaulted the counter before snatching packets of cigarettes. Appearing at Carlisle Crown Court, all three admitted robbery. The judge sentenced Blackburn to 40 months, Wallis to three years, and the 16-year-old, who cannot be named for legal reasons, received a two-year detention training order. Wallis emptied the cigarettes into a makeshift bag made from a duvet cover, along with the contents of a till drawer and some alcoholic drinks. Meanwhile, the youngest robber, who had turned 16 that day, was keeping lookout. Referring to the two employees at the store, Judge Nicholas Barker said: \"What met them can only be described as a truly horrifying sight.\" There were no injuries, but one employee said in a statement: \"The memory of seeing the lads with the gas masks is one that I can't get out of my head.\" Footprint on counter The teenagers escaped on foot but were found hiding in a loft the following morning. They were linked to the crime scene by forensic evidence from clothing and masks, and a footprint left on the shop counter. Wallis, from Blackpool, Blackburn, of Queen's Road, Kendal, and the 16-year-old, of Carnforth, admitted robbery, and Wallis also pleaded guilty to possession of an offensive weapon. Judge Barker said: \"All three of you were there for the same purpose. All three of you were equally involved.\" Related Internet Links HM Courts & Tribunals Service"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"He spotted Michael Stokes and Arthur O'Leary acting suspiciously outside the Melmerby home of Douglas Bell, 71, on the evening of 7 February. The man gave police the registration number of the car the pair were using and they were later arrested. Stokes, 25, and O'Leary, 35, admitted burglary and were each jailed for three years at Carlisle Crown Court. The court was told the dog walker, who was wearing a head torch, spoke to the two men, who engaged in distraction chat before leaving the scene and driving away. But he made a note of their registration number and they were traced by police to Appleby and arrested. The pair had smashed their way into Mr Bell's house and stole cash, watches and jewellery belonging to his partner. In an impact statement the householder said: \"I would not wish this on my worst enemy. \"The fact they were arrested and are currently in prison makes me feel better that they are not able to do this to any other vulnerable people.\" Stokes, of Westmorland Rise, Appleby, and O'Leary, of no fixed address, admitted burglary. Handing down the pair's punishment, Judge Nicholas Barker said of the dog walker's timely intervention on the night of their crime: \"He is to be applauded and thanked for his efforts.\" Follow BBC North East & Cumbria on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The city council told BBC Radio Sheffield it was working with the university to agree a lease to run the Woodbourn Road stadium. Don Valley Stadium is to be demolished in September as part of the council's £50m budget cuts. Jessica Ennis-Hill's coach said she could be forced to train outside Sheffield after Don Valley closes. 'Fantastic opportunity' The council said work was under way to get the athletic track and field ready at Woodbourn Road, which is expected to open on 1 October. It announced it was closing the Don Valley Stadium to save £700,000 a year operating costs and repair works estimated at £1.6m. Plans were announced to reopen the smaller Woodbourn Road stadium as a new home for athletics in Sheffield. It was closed in 2011 and the council estimated the cost of refurbishing the Woodbourn Road stadium at £150,000, with a £70,000 a year running costs. Sheffield Hallam University said the stadium would be used for elite sport, university athletics and public use. Richard McGloin, assistant facilities director at Sheffield Hallam University, said: \"This is another fantastic opportunity to create a first class facility for our students to use, but also the public and wider community. \"We're already looking at all the events that were previously down at Don Valley Stadium - all the schools events - and we're looking to move as many of those down here as possible, once we know we've got the lease secured.\" Mr McGloin admitted Woodbourn Road lacked the \"infrastructure and the grand stands that Don Valley's got\", but he said the site had a better track than Don Valley Stadium. Toni Minichiello, Jessica Ennis-Hill's coach, said he thought the Woodbourn Road stadium was \"unlikely\" to meet a \"standard that would cater for all the athletic events\". He said the running track was up to standard, but claimed the facilities for javelin throwing and other parts of the heptathlon were not good enough and could force Ennis-Hill to seek alternative training venues."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The facility, on the site of the former Ravenscraig steelworks, has full-size indoor and outdoor artificial pitches. It also caters for athletics with a six-lane running track and throw and jump areas. The Ravenscraig Regional Sports Facility, run by North Lanarkshire Leisure, officially opens on Thursday. The British Steel works at Ravenscraig shut in 1992 and the site was cleared four years later. The new sports facility is part of one of the largest regeneration projects in Europe. It also includes a £70m campus for Motherwell College and 850 new houses now under construction. The sports facility incorporates a strength and conditioning area, a multi-sports hall, a fitness gym, dance studios and a sports injuries clinic. Mr Levein hopes it will have a positive impact on the future of football in Scotland. \"Facilities are a key element of Henry McLeish's review of Scottish football and an integral part of improving the stream of young talent into the Scotland national teams,\" he said. \"As we've seen with similar centres in Glasgow and Aberdeen, a facility like the one here at Ravenscraig has the potential to have a massive impact on football at all levels, and the local community in general. \"From my point of view, giving players access to good quality public facilities around the country can only be a good thing for the future of the national team.\" Funding for the new centre came from North Lanarkshire Council and Ravenscraig Ltd with an additional £7.3m from the Scottish government, through the national sports agency, sportscotland. Council Leader Jim McCabe said: \"It's been a real pleasure watching this magnificent building gradually transform the once derelict landscape of Ravenscraig. \"Now that it's open, it will provide the people of North Lanarkshire with some of the best facilities in the country and will help encourage our young people to adopt a healthy lifestyle through sports.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Sainsbury's wants to build a new store at Bristol Rovers' Memorial Stadium in Horfield which would fund the club's move to a new site in Frenchay. TRASHorfield was concerned about the impact on traders on nearby Gloucester Road and sought a judicial review. A High Court judge dismissed the group's legal challenge on Thursday. 'Two clear decisions' Campaign group TRASHorfield had argued that when granting planning permission for the store, councillors had failed to consider the full impact on local shops in Gloucester Road. But the judge found in favour of Bristol City Council, which said the proper planning processes were followed. The group then sought an appeal and has also announced local Green councillor Daniella Radice was standing down as a director. Ms Radice said she did not have \"sufficient confidence in the process\" to continue. A Bristol City Council spokesman said: \"We are pleased to hear that permission to appeal has been refused. \"Although there is now another week in which TRASHorfield can appeal this finding, we hope that they will accept what are two very clear decisions.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The jobs, some of which are in the Connexions service which helps young people, are being cut due to a smaller government grant, the council said. Staff have been given formal notice of a 90-day consultation process on the service's future. Earlier this year, it was revealed 1,300 jobs were at risk while another 800 job cuts were announced in October. The council said services under review were Connexions, a service which offers advice on education and careers for young people, and other roles within the youth support service. The Children's Commissioning Team is also being reviewed. \"Following the government's reduction of the area-based grant, the immediate impact of this for the children, young people and families directorate is a potential loss of £6.1m to be achieved by the end of November this year and a greater loss at the end of the financial year,\" a council statement said. A spokesman for the Unison union said the cuts would have an effect on young people in Birmingham. A council spokesman said the move was a response to \"current financial pressures\". 'Mitigate job losses' Staff are due to meet council officials on Friday. In a statement, a spokesman said: \"The city is taking a structured and strategic review through our workforce planning to respond to our current financial pressures. \"Through this planning framework we'll review and look to mitigate job losses where we can. \"We have got a framework to control the financial situation the city council faces.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The council announced the news as it set a new budget designed to save £10.3m in the coming financial year and £5.8m the following year. A spokesman said council tax would be frozen and management jobs cut but most frontline services would be safeguarded. Council leader Roger Phillips said the council had to absorb an \"unprecedented level\" of cuts. The 250 jobs will go over the next two years. More than 30 of these are management posts. Free travel Areas affected by the cuts include concessionary bus fares although free travel for bus pass holders will remain, except for during weekday morning commuter periods. Rural bus services may be affected with consultations being held over the spring and summer. The county's mobile library service is also under review. Councillor Phillips said the Conservative-run council's strategy was to cut the cost of services, rather than the services. \"We have an unprecedented level of government cuts that we have to absorb but we are doing everything we can to minimise the impact on those front line services that are valued across the county,\" he said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Its shops in England, Wales and Northern Ireland will reopen briefly so the remaining stock can be sold before closing for good. Fashion retailer Boohoo has bought the Debenhams brand and its website but it will not take on any of its stores or workforce. A total of 647 staff in Scotland are now being made redundant. The department store chain is being wound down and in total about 12,000 jobs are risk. In a statement, Debenhams said it intended to re-open stores in England, Wales and Northern Ireland \"for a short period... as soon as government restrictions allow\". According to the latest UK government guidance, all shops in England will be allowed to open from 12 April at the earliest. However non-essential shops in Scotland are likely remain shut for additional two weeks after that date. First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has said they will reopen on 26 April at the earliest, when the country is likely to return to a tiered system of local restrictions. \"Because this timeline does not align with those expected in other parts of the UK and therefore with the planned wind-down of the Debenhams business, regrettably our 15 stores in Scotland will now not reopen and are closed permanently,\" the statement said. The affected stores are in: Debenhams has struggled for years with falling profits and rising debts, as more shopping has moved online. It called in administrators twice in two years, more recently in April. Its position became untenable during the coronavirus pandemic as non-essential retailers were forced to close for prolonged periods. Joint administrator Geoff Rowley said: \"The Debenhams liquidation clearance continues online, and will restart in stores in England, Wales and Northern Ireland once restrictions allow. \"We regret that Debenhams' Scottish stores will not be able to reopen, and would like to thank all those employees affected for their commitment to Debenhams during what I know has been an extremely unsettling time.\""
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Jonathan BallBBC News An international team looked for evidence of current or past infection in more than 800 dromedary camels. They found that more than 90% of animals became infected by the age of two and virus shedding was more common in calves than in adults. The scientists argue that changes in animal husbandry may reduce the occurrence of human Mers infections. The study is published in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases. The first reports of human Mers coronavirus infection emerged in June 2012, although cases are likely to have occurred before then. More than 1,100 cases have been recorded and more than 400 people have died. Infections have been seen in 25 countries across Europe, Asia and Africa, but Saudi Arabia has experienced the biggest burden. Because of its devastating effects in humans scientists have been searching for the source of the virus, to try to identify ways in which human infections can be prevented. Speaking to BBC's Science in Action, Dr Müller who was involved in the earlier ground-breaking research looking for the origins or Mers said, \"We could identify, in South Africa, bats that were carrying ancestral viruses: viruses that are [evolutionary] older than the Mers virus that we are seeing today\". Out of Africa But, whilst related, these bat viruses were distinct from the Mers virus cropping up in humans. There had to be another source. Following a brainstorming meeting between the Bonn scientists and colleagues based at the Erasmus Medical College in the Netherlands, the researchers focussed their efforts on animals that had close contact with humans living in the Middle East: horses, cattle, sheep, goats and dromedary camels. The finding from their initial work was clear. Dromedary camels living in the Middle East had antibodies that recognised Mers virus protein - a strong sign of past infection. None of the other animals tested contained these. To gain further insight into the origins of this emerging human infection and the link to camels, the team then looked at samples obtained from dromedary camels living in other countries. The presence of Mers-reactive antibodies alone is not sufficient evidence - some antibodies can occasionally recognise several viruses belonging to the same families. So, rather than rely on the presence of antibodies alone, the team decided to look for the presence of neutralising antibodies - the antibodies that are able to stop a virus from infecting a cell - as these tend to be far more specific. \"What we could see is that dromedary camels, not only in the Arabian Peninsula but also in Africa where most of the camels are bred then exported to the Arabian Peninsula, have really high levels of neutralising antibodies, which means that they must have been infected with Mers, or a very similar virus,\" Dr Müller said. \"And we could see that, even in [samples obtained in] 1983, camels in Sudan and Somalia had neutralising antibodies.\" Clearly, Mers infection of camels in Africa and the Middle East was rife and this data highlighted that camels had been infected for decades. The buoyant international camel trade running between the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula would have provided ample opportunity for the virus to spread. Blame the little ones This past work provided a powerful argument that Mers virus was circulating in camels but it still wasn't clear whether particular groups of animals posed the biggest risks to humans. Knowing this might help in the development of measures aimed at reducing human infections. In the current study published in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, an international team drawn from Bonn, Hong Kong and Dubai, looked at more than 900 camels living in Dubai for signs of both past and current Mers infection, in order to answer this camel conundrum. The camels were being farmed for their milk and meat and for racing. Blood, nose swabs or saliva samples were tested for the presence of Mers antibodies or for the presence of virus itself. The vast majority of samples from animals aged more than two years contained Mers antibodies, showing that the virus is a common camel juvenile infection. Crucially, active virus infection was observed far more frequently in animals less than four years old, with approximately 30% of camels aged less than one, shedding lots of virus. So, it's these very young animals that pose the greatest threat to humans. How the virus spreads to humans is still unknown. It might be through direct contact with body fluids from infected camels. Juvenile camels are very wary of humans and will normally avoid contact with them. However, when the juveniles are separated from their mothers - usually at or before the age of two - they are brought into contact with humans and this provides the perfect opportunity to pass on any virus that they are shedding. Alternatively, infection might also occur through drinking unpasteurised milk; possibly contaminated by transfer of virus present in the saliva of an infected calf onto the mother's teat during suckling. Commenting on the infection risk, Dr Müller said \"When it comes to being infected, I think you really need close contact and in particular behaviour like kissing camels, drinking raw milk, touching the nostrils and then touching your eyes. That's the way to get infected. \"It's not airborne, that's for sure, and you need quite a dose.\" The authors of the latest study argue that simple changes in animal husbandry, like delaying the age that calves are taken away from their mothers, is likely to reduce the chance of human infection."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News But it adds that the policy would lead to more than 40,000 badgers being culled a year. The report says that such high levels of culling may not be publicly acceptable. The authors urge the government to accelerate the development of non-lethal controls, such as vaccination. The findings were published in a review led by Prof Sir Charles Godfray of Oxford University. But one expert said the report had little to say about the effectiveness of the current badger culls. The report was commissioned by Michael Gove, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, in February. He asked an independent group of scientists to review Defra's strategy for controlling the spread of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. According to Prof Godfray he was \"explicitly asked\" not to look at the effectiveness of the current culls. Instead Prof Godfray and his team drew on the results of the Randomised Badger Control Trials carried out between 1998 and 2007. Natural boundaries These showed that culling tended to increase TB in badgers because of increased movement. It did, however, find that a reduction of between 12% and 16% in the rate of new cases of cattle TB was theoretically possible, but with significant caveats: the culling had to be carried out over a large area with natural boundaries for between eight to twelve days each year for four years and that more than 70% of badgers had to be killed. Since culling began in 2013, scientists and campaigners have expressed concerns that the culls that have been rolled out by Defra have not been in accordance with the strict criteria set out by the expert group because they have proved too expensive or too difficult. They say that improperly conducted trials could actually increase cattle TB rates. But Prof Godfray notes that, in principle, culling is one of the tools ministers have at their disposal and it should be up to them whether its marginal benefit was worthwhile. \"We conclude that culling does have an effect on the disease. The phrase we use is 'a real but modest effect',\" he said. \"If nothing else is involved then one would obviously cull, because if one does not cull one is throwing away one of the tools. But of course there are many other factors involved.\" Another argument Prof Godfray puts forward in favour of culling is that it makes affected farmers more amenable to carry out unpopular and costly disease control measures on their farms and in transporting their cattle. \"It is likely that the farming industry would be more willing to accept other interventions that could negatively affect dairy and beef profitability if they believed that the threat of transmission from badgers was being robustly addressed,\" he said. The report warns however that continued culling \"would not be acceptable to some (possibly large) sections of the public, and the costs of policing could be substantial\" and says that a shift away from culling is \"highly desirable\". Specifically, it emphasises the need for a proper evaluation of badger vaccination. Testing regime Prof Godfray's report also states that infections from cattle to cattle is higher than had been thought, possibly because the current so called skin test used to test for the disease is less reliable than experts once believed. It therefore urges that Defra adopts more sensitive tests. The farming minister welcomed the report and said that Defra would give its response by next summer. ''We welcome this review of the government's 25-year Bovine TB strategy and I extend my thanks to Sir Charles Godfray and his team for their hard work in producing the report. \"Sir Charles' report is an important contribution that will inform next steps in the strategy to achieve officially TB free status for England by 2038.'' Prof Rosie Woodroffe of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) said that the report had many good ideas but said nothing about the effectiveness of the current badger culls. \"The report contains little critical evaluation of whether the current farmer-led culls are effectively reducing cattle TB,\" she said. \"It reports results from the first two years of monitoring without mentioning any of the caveats included by the original authors. It makes no mention of more recent data, which have suggested incidence might be falling in two areas but rising in a third.\" Prof Lord John Krebs from Oxford University, who led the Randomised Badger Control Trials, said that the report indicated that Defra and farmers need to do more if cattle TB is to be stamped out. \"Currently, much of the spread of TB in cattle arises from a combination of disappointingly low uptake of measures to prevent cattle coming into contact with badgers, trading of infected cattle, and the low sensitivity of the standard skin test for TB, which means that there is likely to be a hidden reservoir of infection in many cattle herds in high risk areas,\" he said. \"Unless the government and the farming industry tackle these problems now, TB will not be eradicated or controlled.\" Follow Pallab on Twitter"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Scientists say the variant accounts for 90% of new Covid cases in South Africa. The trial, involving some 2,000 people, found that the vaccine offered \"minimal protection\" against mild and moderate cases. But experts are hopeful that the vaccine will still be effective at preventing severe cases. South Africa has recorded almost 1.5 million coronavirus cases and more than 46,000 deaths since the pandemic began - a higher toll than any other country on the continent. The country has received one million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca jab and was preparing to start vaccinating people. On Monday, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned against jumping to conclusions about the efficacy of Covid vaccines. Dr Katherine O'Brien, the WHO's director of immunisation, said it was very plausible that the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine would still have a meaningful impact on the South African variant, especially when it came to preventing hospitalisations and death. \"Comparing from one piece of evidence to the next really can't be done without a sort of level playing field,\" she said, referring to the evaluation of different trials in different populations and age groups. Dr O'Brien stressed that the WHO's expert panel held \"a very positive view\" of proceeding with the use of the vaccine, including in areas where variants were circulating, but that more data and information would be needed as the pandemic continued. South Africa's Health Minister Zweli Mkhize said his government would wait for further advice on how best to proceed with the AstraZeneca vaccine in light of the findings. In the meantime, he said, the government would offer vaccines produced by Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer in the coming weeks. What does it mean for serious cases? The trial was carried out by researchers at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa and the UK's Oxford University, but has not yet been peer reviewed. The trial's chief investigator, Prof Shabir Madhi, said it showed that \"unfortunately, the AstraZeneca vaccine does not work against mild and moderate illness\". Prof Madhi said the study had not been able to investigate the vaccine's efficacy in preventing more serious infections, as participants had an average age of 31 and so did not represent the demographic most at risk of severe symptoms from the virus. The vaccine's similarity to one produced by Johnson & Johnson, which was found in a recent study to be highly effective at preventing severe disease in South Africa, suggested it would still prevent serious illness, according to Prof Madhi. \"There's still some hope that the AstraZeneca vaccine might well perform as well as the Johnson & Johnson vaccine in a different age group demographic that I address of severe disease,\" he told the BBC. Other experts were also hopeful that the vaccine remained effective at combating more serious cases. \"What we're seeing from other vaccine developers is that they have a reduction in efficacy against some of the variant viruses and what that is looking like is that we may not be reducing the total number of cases, but there's still protection in that case against deaths, hospitalisations and severe disease,\" Prof Sarah Gilbert, Oxford's lead vaccine developer, told the Andrew Marr Show on Sunday. She said developers were likely to have a modified version of the injection against the South Africa variant, also known as 501.V2 or B.1.351, later this year. Ministers in the UK have sought to reassure the public over the effectiveness of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Vaccines Minister Nadhim Zahawi said the injection appeared to work well against dominant variants in the UK, while Health Minister Edward Argar said there was \"no evidence\" the vaccine was not effective at preventing severe illness. Early results from Moderna suggest its vaccine is still effective against the South Africa variant, while AstraZeneca has said its vaccine provides good protection against the UK variant first identified late last year. Early results also suggest the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine protects against the new variants. We should be careful about rushing to judgement Viruses mutate - so what is happening is not surprising. The mutations seen in South Africa change the part of the virus that the vaccines target. It means all the vaccines that have been produced so far are likely to be affected in some way. Trials for Novavax and Janssen vaccines that were carried out in South Africa showed less effectiveness against this variant. Both are currently before the UK regulator. Therefore the news about Oxford-AstraZeneca does not come out of the blue. The fact it now only has \"minimal\" effect according to reports is concerning - the other vaccines showed effectiveness in the region of 60% against the South African variant. But we should be careful about rushing to judgement. The study was small so there is only limited confidence in the findings. What is more, there is still hope the vaccine will prevent serious illness and hospitalisation. What this once again illustrates is the pandemic is not going to end with one Big Bang. Vaccines are likely to have to change to keep pace with the virus. Progress will be incremental. But vaccines are still the way out of this. What do we know about the variant? The South Africa variant carries a mutation that appears to make it more contagious or easy to spread. However, there is no evidence that it causes more serious illness for the vast majority of people who become infected. As with the original version, the risk is highest for people who are elderly or have significant underlying health conditions. At least 20 other countries including Austria, Norway and Japan, have found cases of the variant. Health officials say all is not lost Many South Africans have reacted with shock and disappointment at news that the 1.5 million doses of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines will not be as effective as experts had hoped against the new variant first discovered here in November. While there are now more questions than ready answers, the message from health officials is that all is not lost. They believe the vaccine may still be effective in preventing severe illness and go some way in reducing the number of people who need to be admitted into hospital for treatment. This is important in a country where some 80% of the population cannot afford private health care and rely on state hospitals - which are currently overstretched - for health care. So what's the plan now? South Africa's health minister has said they will take a steer from local scientists on how to repurpose the vaccine to get the most out of it. It has been suggested that the vaccine may be useful if given to the older population and to people with co-morbidities. In terms of managing people's concerns, the government and scientists may need to go the extra mile in reassuring citizens that there is still a plan in place and lives can and will be saved. You might be interested in watching:"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"The Welsh Government is considering making it a crime for people to cause a nuisance or disturbance in GP surgeries and hospitals. Staff said there were no legal powers covering this, whereas England has had a law in effect since 2009. The Welsh Government said NHS staff should be able to work without fear of violence, abuse or harassment. Hospital staff in Wales were physically or verbally attacked about 30,000 times between 2011 and 2016, not all of which were covered by existing laws. Since 2009, police officers and health boards in England have had the power to throw people out who are disrupting NHS staff. The offence, which applies to non-patients, can result in fines of up to £1,000 and gives powers to eject people by force if necessary. Following a petition submitted to the assembly, the Welsh Government is looking to give its NHS staff greater protection. A spokesman said: \"We have made significant progress in raising awareness of the issue, encouraging staff to report incidents of violence and aggression so that prosecutions can be pursued. \"We are currently considering a decision to commence section 119 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 in Wales to provide further support to ensure staff working in NHS Wales are protected.\" Jeremy Davies, a mental health nurse at Wrexham Maelor Hospital, said the introduction of the offence could also help to get rid of people who turned up at hospitals for no reason, distracting staff and draining resources. In 2011 a man turned up at the hospital's A&E department with a pony and asked for doctors to treat the animal, but all the health board could do was politely ask him to leave. As a young doctor, David Bailey had a computer thrown at him by a patient in his surgery. Currently, anyone who physically attacks a member of NHS staff at a GP surgery in Wales is de-listed from their doctors and referred to an alternative treatment centre for 12 months. Dr Bailey, chairman of BMA Cymru, said about 20-30 patients from each health board were sent to the centres which have security. But he said some people's behaviour was unacceptable: \"They are a huge drain on NHS time. They don't keep to appointments, they turn up demanding to be seen straight away before other people, swearing, making noise, it can make patients and staff feel threatened.\" Have you ever experienced or witnessed disruptive behaviour towards NHS staff in Wales?"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Groups including the British Medical Association have written to ministers saying medical workers fear they could be at risk of unlawful killing charges. It comes as the UK's chief medical officers said the NHS could be overwhelmed in weeks. The government said staff should not have to fear legal action. The letter from the health organisations points out that the prime minister warned in November that the NHS being overwhelmed would be a \"medical and moral disaster\", where \"doctors and nurses could be forced to choose which patients to treat, who would live and who would die\". It said: \"With the chief medical officers now determining that there is a material risk of the NHS being overwhelmed within weeks, our members are worried that not only do they face being put in this position but also that they could subsequently be vulnerable to a criminal investigation by the police.\" Co-ordinated by the Medical Protection Society (MPS), the letter was signed by the British Medical Association, the Doctors' Association UK, the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association, the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin and Medical Defence Shield. It calls for emergency legislation to protect doctors and nurses from \"inappropriate\" legal action when dealing with circumstances outside their control. Existing guidance for doctors and nurses on when to administer or withdraw treatment does not give legal protection, the letter says. It also says the guidance does not consider the circumstances of the pandemic where demand for healthcare may outstrip supply. \"The first concern of a doctor is their patients and providing the highest standard of care at all times,\" the medical bodies said. \"We do not believe it is right that healthcare professionals should suffer from the moral injury and long-term psychological damage that could result from having to make decisions on how limited resources are allocated, while at the same time being left vulnerable to the risk of prosecution for unlawful killing.\" The medical organisations said no healthcare professional should be \"above the law\" and that the emergency legislation should only apply to decisions made \"in good faith\" and \"in circumstances beyond their control and in compliance with relevant guidance\". They said the change in the law should be temporary and should apply retrospectively from the start of the pandemic. Medical staff in the NHS are protected financially from clinical negligence claims by indemnity schemes where the state pays the costs of claims. But if someone dies as a result of a lack of treatment, doctors and nurses fear prosecutors could bring charges such as gross negligence manslaughter, which can carry a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. Earlier this month, a survey by the MPS of 2,420 of its members found that 61% were concerned about facing an investigation following a decision made in a high-pressure situation. About 36% were concerned about being investigated for a decision to withdraw or withhold life-prolonging treatment due to pressure on resources during the pandemic. A Department of Health and Social Care spokesman said: \"Dedicated frontline NHS staff should be able to focus on treating patients and saving lives during the pandemic without fear of legal action.\" NHS staff have been told that existing indemnity arrangements will continue and will cover \"the vast majority of liabilities\", the spokesman said."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"By Rachel FlintBBC News Police forces in Wales have broken up parties, football matches and fined people for visiting beauty spots this weekend while Wales is in lockdown. Two motorists were reported by North Wales Police in Anglesey after driving from Scotland to visit friends. While in Swansea, eight people were fined after a party was held in a shed. The drivers from Scotland were stopped by police at Valley, near Holyhead, and reported for driving without insurance and breaching Covid travel restrictions. Officers from North Wales Police on Saturday also stopped a car from Portsmouth as the driver was travelling to \"collect a front bumper\". \"Travelling nearly 300 miles for a piece of cosmetic plastic for your car is not essential at this time,\" said North Wales Police's Intercept team. \"The regulations have been broadcast far and wide. Please be mindful you will be reported if your journey is not essential.\" Even though national parks have shut car parks in a bid to stop people visiting, North Wales Police said it received about 100 calls on Saturday about potential Covid breaches - and officers told people they need to take \"personal responsibility\" and \"stay home\". South Wales Police officers issued fixed penalty notices after finding people from \"all different households\" in a shed - which had been converted into a bar - in the Sketty area of Swansea all \"mixing together\". A further nine fixed penalty notices were given out in the Townhill area of the city after different households attended a baby reveal party on Sunday. Five people were warned about breaking laws in Neath Port Talbot after a group travelled to a field to play football, while four people were fined after a house party in Aberavon. Under coronavirus rules people are only allowed to leave their homes for \"essential\" reasons, including to shop for food, get medical treatment and to exercise. While exercise is allowed, people are not allowed to drive to a spot for a walk, run or cycle, and the law means exercising with people you do not live with (or who are your bubble if you live alone) is banned. Those found to be in breach of Covid laws can be fined £60 for the first offence, with the penalties increasing up to £1,920. If prosecuted, however, a court can impose an unlimited fine. Until recently police had been using an education first approach, but the Welsh Government has repeatedly said it wants to see stricter enforcement of the rules. In Powys, road officers from Dyfed-Powys Police stopped cars and turned around people driving to exercise. In Port Talbot, two people sat on a bench drinking alcohol were fined by South Wales Police for \"leaving home without a reasonable excuse\". Gwent Police officers broke-up a house party in Glyn-Gaer, Caerphilly county, on Friday evening and issued fines."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Lubaina Himid and Michael Landy prints can also be claimed by those who donate to the Art Fund's Together For Museums crowd funding appeal. Rewards include a set of David Shrigley tea towels for a donation of £25. Higher up the scale, donors who contribute £4,000 can receive a limited edition Kapoor print. A £100 donation will earn a print of Landy's Look Around logo, while a signed Himid print will set you back £500. The appeal hopes to raise £1m for UK museums and galleries facing financial problems due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The Art Fund charity has already distributed £2.25m in \"Respond and Reimagine\" grants to help institutions cope. Last month it decided to split its £200,000 Museum of the Year prize five ways, rather than give it to a single recipient. According to the Art Fund's own research, six out of every 10 museums are worried about their survival. More than 60% of workers in the sector fear for their jobs, while only a third of closed museums expect to reopen in the coming months. Nine out of 10 institutions say that they will need to adapt and innovate in order to survive the virus and its aftermath. More than 200 museums, galleries and historic houses took part in the survey, conducted this month by market research agency Opinium. Harry Hill may seem an unlikely advocate for visiting museums. Yet the comedian says such institutions provide a much-needed \"mental workout\". \"If I'm ever stuck for an idea, or just not in a particularly sunny mood, I'll go to an art gallery or a museum, because museums are full of ideas,\" he told the PA news agency. \"Museums, on the whole, don't close,\" he said. \"But we're in this bizarre situation where perhaps half of them are faced with closure if they don't get some sort of bailout. \"When this pandemic is over, the last thing we want is for none of these places to be open. We're not going to go abroad and we'll want something to do.\" 'Hugely inspiring' Over the last six months the Art Fund received funding applications from more than 450 organisations amounting to more than £16.9m. The Postal Museum in London, the Roald Dahl Museum in Buckinghamshire and Glasgow's Gallery of Modern Art are among the institutions to benefit from its latest round of grants. Art Fund director Jenny Waldman said the \"innovative\" ideas put forward by museums had been \"hugely inspiring\" and that it had been \"heartbreaking\" not to be able to support them all. \"We are urging everyone who loves and uses museums to come together now to help so many more museums thrive,\" she continued. Museums and galleries also have the option of applying for money from the £1.57bn Culture Recovery Fund that the government unveiled in July. Follow us on Facebook, or on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Painted by the Flemish artist shortly before he died, possibly of plague, in 1641, it has been described as \"one of the finest and most important self-portraits\" in British art. Recently sold to a collector who wishes to take it abroad, it has become subject to a temporary export ban. The National Portrait Gallery has three months to raise the cash to buy it. It has already secured £1.2m, including a £500,000 grant from the Art Fund and £700,000 from its own budget. The painting will go on display at the gallery while it tries to find the remaining £11.3m. 'Loud and dramatic' \"Van Dyck is one of the greatest artists to have worked in Britain,\" said National Portait Gallery director Sandy Nairne. \"No other artist has had such a dramatic impact on British portraiture. He decisively turned it away from the stiff, formal approach of Tudor and Jacobean painting, developing a distinctive fluid, painterly style that was to dominate portraiture well into the 20th century. \"It is very rare to have the opportunity to make a painting as important as Van Dyck's last self-portrait available to everyone in Britain.\" Artist Julian Opie, whose portraits of pop band Blur hang in the National Portrait Gallery, said the work would be an important addition to the national collection. \"Although not large, this is a loud and dramatic painting,\" he said. \"You see Van Dyck as the artist, utterly confident and masterful with whipping brushstrokes of glistening paint. He is also the subject, witty, lively, a little cocky and very present. \"This is such a focused painting powerfully evoking a turbulent era. Nearly 400 years on and it sparkles with life and light.\" Sir Anthony Van Dyck was born in Antwerp and became court artist for King Charles I in London in 1632. The monarch gave him a knighthood, a golden chain and a £200 salary for his flattering portraits, which made the frail king seem imposing and powerful. He painted only three self-portraits while in England, and it is the last of those that the National Portrait Gallery wishes to save. Made only months before he died aged 42, it is housed in an elaborate, Italianate-English frame with a sunflower motif associated with the artist. In 2009, it was sold for £8.3m at auction - nearly three times the estimate - breaking the previous auction record of £3.06m for his painting A Rearing Stallion. It is believed to have been sold again in the interim. If the campaign is successful, the gallery says the painting will be displayed both at its London home and at partner museums and galleries around the country. Several works have recently been retained by the UK via similar fund-raising efforts. Two 18th century George Stubbs paintings, featuring a kangaroo and a dingo, were obtained by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich last month. In September, the Jane Austen's House Museum in Hampshire raised £150,000 to keep a ring once owned by the author in the UK. The gold and turquoise band, one of only three items of jewellery known to have belonged to Jane Austen, had previously been bought by US pop star Kelly Clarkson."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"Breast Cancer Haven said it had taken the decision to protect its future after seeing a 50% drop in donations. The charity's sites in Solihull, West Midlands, and its Wessex site in Titchfield, Hampshire, are currently closed and will not reopen. Chief executive Sally Hall said the decision had \"not been taken lightly\". \"Unfortunately, the financial conditions imposed by the pandemic have left us very little choice, and we must put the people who have breast cancer and their families at the heart of our decisions, to ensure we are able to be there for them in the future,\" she said. The charity has 60 employees, many of whom have been on furlough. Recently it made 13 members of staff redundant and a further nine roles are now at risk. It said it would continue to support patients remotely and it planned to reopen sites in London, Leeds and Hereford when it is safe to do so. It also has outreach services at Whittington Hospital, London, and at the Worcestershire Royal Hospital. BBC Midlands Today Arts and Culture Correspondent Satnam Rana was supported by the Solihull team after her breast cancer diagnosis. She said: \"A couple of months after my mastectomy and reconstruction the emotional impact of breast cancer struck me. \"No one can really understand what it feels like and it was at Breast Cancer Haven that I found specialist help. Bit by bit I rebuilt my crushed soul. It's sad to see it go as the Solihull centre was my safe haven.\" Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to: [email protected]"
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"A nuclear-armed state, it carried out tests in the 1970s and again in the 1990s in defiance of world opinion. However, India is still tackling huge social, economic and environmental problems. The vast and diverse Indian sub-continent - from the mountainous Afghan frontier to the jungles of Burma - was under foreign rule from the early 1800s until the demise of the British Raj in 1947. The subsequent partition of the sub-continent - into present-day India and Pakistan - sowed the seeds for future conflict. There have been three wars between India and its arch-rival Pakistan since 1947, two of them over the disputed territory of Kashmir. A peace process, which started in 2004, stayed on track despite tension over Kashmir and several high-profile bombings until the Mumbai attacks of November 2008, carried out by Islamist militants overwhelmingly from Pakistan and organised by the Pakistani movement Lashkar-e-Taiba. India announced that the process was on pause the following month. Communal strife With its many languages, cultures and religions, India is highly diverse. This is also reflected in its federal political system, whereby power is shared between the central government and 28 states. However, communal, caste and regional tensions continue to haunt Indian politics, sometimes threatening its long-standing democratic and secular ethos. In 1984 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was gunned down by her Sikh bodyguards after ordering troops to flush out Sikh militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. And in 1992, widespread Hindu-Muslim violence erupted after Hindu extremists demolished the Babri mosque at Ayodhya. Economic progress Independent India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, dreamed of a socialist society and created a vast public infrastructure, much of which became a burden on the state. From the late 1980s India began to open up to the outside world, encouraging economic reform and foreign investment. It is now courted by the world's leading economic and political powers, including its one-time foe China. The country has a burgeoning urban middle class and has made great strides in fields such as information technology. Its large, skilled workforce makes it a popular choice for international companies seeking to outsource work. But economic progress is hampered by corruption, widely regarded as endemic and engulfing every level of politics and society. The vast mass of the rural population remains impoverished. Their lives continue to be influenced by the ancient Hindu caste system, which assigns each person a place in the social hierarchy. Discrimination on the basis of caste is now illegal and various measures have been introduced to empower disadvantaged groups and give them easier access to opportunities - such as education and work. Nuclear tests carried out by India in May 1998 and similar tests by Pakistan just weeks later provoked international condemnation and concern over the stability of the region. The US quickly imposed sanctions on India, but more recently the two countries have improved their ties, and even agreed to share nuclear technology. India launches its own satellites and in 2008 sent its first spacecraft to the moon. It also boasts a massive cinema industry, the products of which are among the most widely-watched films in the world."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"1838-42 - British forces invade, install King Shah Shujah. He is assassinated in 1842. British and Indian troops are massacred during retreat from Kabul. 1878-80 - Second Anglo-Afghan War. A treaty gives Britain control of Afghan foreign affairs. 1919 - Emir Amanullah Khan declares independence from British influence. 1926-29 - Amanullah tries to introduce social reforms, which however stir civil unrest. He flees. 1933 - Zahir Shah becomes king and Afghanistan remains a monarchy for next four decades. 1953 - General Mohammed Daud becomes prime minister. Turns to Soviet Union for economic and military assistance. Introduces social reforms, such as abolition of purdah (practice of secluding women from public view). 1963 - Mohammed Daud forced to resign as prime minister. 1964 - Constitutional monarchy introduced - but leads to political polarisation and power struggles. 1973 - Mohammed Daud seizes power in a coup and declares a republic. Tries to play off USSR against Western powers. 1978 - General Daud is overthrown and killed in a pro-Soviet coup. The People's Democratic Party comes to power but is paralysed by violent infighting and faces opposition by US-backed mujahideen groups. Soviet intervention 1979 December - Soviet Army invades and props up communist government. 1980 - Babrak Karmal installed as ruler, backed by Soviet troops. But opposition intensifies with various mujahideen groups fighting Soviet forces. US, Pakistan, China, Iran and Saudi Arabia supply money and arms to the mujahideen. 1985 - Mujahideen come together in Pakistan to form alliance against Soviet forces. Half of Afghan population now estimated to be displaced by war, with many fleeing to neighbouring Iran or Pakistan. 1986 - US begins supplying mujahideen with Stinger missiles, enabling them to shoot down Soviet helicopter gunships. Babrak Karmal replaced by Najibullah as head of Soviet-backed regime. 1988 - Afghanistan, USSR, the US and Pakistan sign peace accords and Soviet Union begins pulling out troops. Red Army quits 1989 - Last Soviet troops leave, but civil war continues as mujahideen push to overthrow Najibullah. 1992 - Najibullah's government toppled, but a devastating civil war follows. 1996 - Taliban seize control of Kabul and introduce hard-line version of Islam, banning women from work, and introducing Islamic punishments, which include stoning to death and amputations. 1997 - Taliban recognised as legitimate rulers by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. They now control about two-thirds of country. 1998 - US launches missile strikes at suspected bases of militant Osama bin Laden, accused of bombing US embassies in Africa. 1999 - UN imposes an air embargo and financial sanctions to force Afghanistan to hand over Osama bin Laden for trial. 2001 September - Ahmad Shah Masood, leader of the main opposition to the Taliban - the Northern Alliance - is assassinated. US-led invasion 2001 October - US-led bombing of Afghanistan begins following the September 11 attacks on the United States. Anti-Taliban Northern Alliance forces enter Kabul shortly afterwards. 2001 December - Afghan groups agree deal in Bonn, Germany for interim government. Hamid Karzai is sworn in as head of an interim power-sharing government. 2002 January - Deployment of first contingent of foreign peacekeepers - the Nato-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) - marking the start of a protracted fight against the Taliban. 2002 April - Former king Zahir Shah returns, but makes no claim to the throne and dies in 2007. 2002 June - Loya Jirga, or grand council, elects Hamid Karzai as interim head of state. Karzai picks members of his administration which is to serve until 2004. 2003 August - Nato takes control of security in Kabul, its first-ever operational commitment outside Europe. Elections 2004 January - Loya Jirga adopts new constitution which provides for strong presidency. 2004 October-November - Presidential elections. Hamid Karzai is declared winner. 2005 September - Afghans vote in first parliamentary elections in more than 30 years. 2005 December - Parliament opens with warlords and strongmen in most of the seats. 2006 October - Nato assumes responsibility for security across the whole of Afghanistan, taking command in the east from a US-led coalition force. 2007 August - Opium production has soared to a record high, the UN reports. 2008 June - President Karzai warns that Afghanistan will send troops into Pakistan to fight militants if Islamabad fails to take action against them. 2008 July - Suicide bomb attack on Indian embassy in Kabul kills more than 50. 2008 September - US President George Bush sends an extra 4,500 US troops to Afghanistan, in a move he described as a \"quiet surge\". 2009 January - US Defence Secretary Robert Gates tells Congress that Afghanistan is new US administration's \"greatest test\". 2009 February - Nato countries pledge to increase military and other commitments in Afghanistan after US announces dispatch of 17,000 extra troops. New US approach 2009 March - US President Barack Obama unveils new strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan. An extra 4,000 US personnel will train and bolster the Afghan army and police and there will be support for civilian development. 2009 August - Presidential and provincial elections are marred by widespread Taliban attacks, patchy turnout and claims of serious fraud. 2009 October - Mr Karzai declared winner of August presidential election, after second-placed opponent Abdullah Abdullah pulls out before the second round. 2009 December - US President Obama decides to boost US troop numbers in Afghanistan by 30,000, bringing total to 100,000. He says US will begin withdrawing its forces by 2011. An Al-Qaeda double agent kills seven CIA agents in a suicide attack on a US base in Khost. 2010 February - Nato-led forces launch major offensive, Operation Moshtarak, in bid to secure government control of southern Helmand province. 2010 July - Whistleblowing website Wikileaks publishes thousands of classified US military documents relating to Afghanistan. General David Petraeus takes command of US, ISAF forces. 2010 August - Dutch troops quit. Karzai says private security firms - accused of operating with impunity - must cease operations. He subsequently waters down the decree. 2010 September - Parliamentary polls marred by Taliban violence, widespread fraud and a long delay in announcing results. 2010 November - Nato - at summit in Lisbon - agrees plan to hand control of security to Afghan forces by end of 2014. 2011 January - President Karzai makes first official state visit to Russia by an Afghan leader since the end of the Soviet invasion in 1989. 2011 February - Number of civilians killed since the 2001 invasion hit record levels in 2010, Afghanistan Rights Monitor reports. 2011 April - Burning of Koran by a US pastor prompts country-wide protests in which foreign UN workers and several Afghans are killed. Some 500 mostly Taliban prisoners break out of prison in Kandahar. 2011 July - President's half-brother and Kandahar governor Ahmad Wali Karzai is killed in Taliban campaign against prominent figures. 2011 September - Ex-president Burhanuddin Rabbani - a go-between in talks with the Taliban - is assassinated. 2011 October - As relations with Pakistan worsen after a series of attacks, Afghanistan and India sign a strategic partnership to expand co-operation in security and development. Military pact 2011 November - President Karzai wins the endorsement of tribal elders to negotiate a 10-year military partnership with the US at a loya jirga traditional assembly. The proposed pact will see US troops remain after 2014, when foreign troops are due to leave the country. 2011 December - At least 58 people are killed in twin attacks at a Shia shrine in Kabul and a Shia mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif. Pakistan and the Taleban boycott the scheduled Bonn Conference on Afghanistan. Pakistan refuses to attend after a Nato air strike killed Pakistani soldiers on the Afghan border. 2012 January - Taliban agree to open office in Dubai as a move towards peace talks with the US and the Afghan government. 2012 February - At least 30 people are killed in protests about the burning of copies of the Koran at the US Bagram airbase. US officials believed Taliban prisoners were using the books to pass messages, and that they were extremist texts not Korans. Two soldiers are also killed in reprisal attacks. 2012 March - US Army Sgt Robert Bales is accused of killing 16 civilians in an armed rampage in the Panjwai district of Kandahar. 2012 April - Taliban announce \"spring offensive\" with audacious attack on the diplomatic quarter of Kabul. The government blamed the Haqqani Network. Security forces kill 38 militants. Nato withdrawal plan 2012 May - Nato summit endorses the plan to withdraw foreign combat troops by the end of 2014. New French President Francois Hollande says France will withdraw its combat mission by the end of 2012 - a year earlier than planned. Arsala Rahmani of the High Peace Council is shot dead in Kabul. A former Taliban minister, he was crucial in reaching out to rebel commanders. The Taliban deny responsibility. 2012 July - Tokyo donor conference pledges $16bn in civilian aid to Afghanistan up to 2016, with US, Japan, Germany and UK supplying bulk of funds. Afghanistan agrees to new conditions to counter corruption. 2012 August - The US military discipline six soldiers for accidentally burning copies of the Koran and other religious texts in Afghanistan. They will not face criminal prosecution. Three US Marines are also disciplined for a video in which the bodies of dead Taliban fighters were urinated on. 2012 September - US hands over Bagram high-security jail to the Afghan government, although it retains control over some foreign prisoners until March 2013. The US also suspends training new police recruits in order to carry out checks on possible ties to Taliban following series of attacks on foreign troops by apparent police and Afghan soldiers. 2013 February - President Karzai and Pakistan's Asif Ali Zardari agree to work for an Afghan peace deal within six months after talks hosted by Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron. They back the opening of an Afghan office in Doha and urge the Taliban to do the same for talks to take place. 2013 March - Two former Kabul Bank chiefs, Sherkhan Farnood and Khalilullah Ferozi, are jailed for the multi-million dollar fraud that almost led to its collapse and that of the entire Afghan banking system in 2010. 2013 June - Afghan army takes command of all military and security operations from Nato forces. President Karzai suspends security talks with the US after Washington announces it plans to hold direct talks with the Taliban. Afghanistan insists on conducting the talks with the Taliban in Qatar itself. 2014 January - Taliban suicide squad hits a restaurant in Kabul's diplomatic quarter, the worst attack on foreign civilians since 2001. The 13 foreign victims include IMF country head. 2014 April - The presidential election produces an inconclusive result and goes on to a second round between Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani. 2014 June - Second round of presidential election is held, with more than 50 reported killed in various incidents during the vote. 2014 July - Election officials begin recount of all votes cast in June's presidential run-off, as part of a US-mediated deal to end dispute between candidates over widespread claims of fraud. Election deal 2014 September - The two rivals for the Afghan presidency, Ashraf Ghani and Abdullah Abdullah, sign a power-sharing agreement, following a two-month audit of disputed election results. Ashraf Ghani is sworn in as president. 2014 October - The US and Britain end their combat operations in Afghanistan. Opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan reaches an all-time high, according to a US report 2014 December - NATO formally ends its 13-year combat mission in Afghanistan, handing over to Afghan forces. Despite the official end to Isaf's combat role, violence persists across much of the country, with 2014 said to be the bloodiest year in Afghanistan since 2001. 2015 January - NATO-led follow-on mission \"Resolute Support\" gets underway, with some 12,000 personnel to provide further training and support for Afghan security forces. Islamic State (IS) group emerges in eastern Afghanistan and within a few months captures a large swathe of Taliban-controlled areas in Nangarhar province. 2015 March - US President Barack Obama announces that his country will delay its troop withdrawal from Afghanistan, following a request from President Ashraf Ghani. The lynching of a woman wrongly accused of burning a Koran in Kabul provokes widespread revulsion and criticism of hard-line clerics. Police face accusations of doing too little to save her. The incident leads to widespread protests against the treatment of women. Four men are later convicted of murder. Taliban offensives 2015 May - Taliban representatives and Afghan officials hold informal peace talks in Qatar. Both sides agree to continue the talks at a later date, though the Taliban insist they will not stop fighting until all foreign troops leave the country. 2015 July - Taliban admits that reclusive founder, Mullah Omar, died a few years ago, and appoints Mullah Akhter Mansour as his replacement. 2015 September - Taliban briefly capture major northern city of Kunduz in their most significant advance since being forced from power in 2001. 2015 October - Powerful earthquake kills more than 80 people in northeast of country. 2015 October - US President Barack Obama announces that 9,800 US troops will remain in Afghanistan until the end of 2016, backtracking on an earlier pledge to pull all but 1,000 troops from the country. 2015 November - A new Taliban splinter group, headed by Mullah Rasool, announces its presence in southern Afghanistan. However, the group is totally crushed by the mainstream Taliban by spring 2016. 2015 December - Taliban make bid to capture Sangin, a town and district in Helmand Province. US warplanes deploy in support of Afghan security forces' attempt to repel insurgents. 2015 December - NATO extends its \"Resolute Support\" follow-on mission by 12 months to the end of 2016. 2016 - Over one million Afghans are on the go during the year, either due to internal displacement because of the war, or are forced to repatriate by Pakistan, Iran and the European Union, according to the United Nations. Heavy US air strikes reverse Islamic State's gains in the east, and the group is cornered in a few districts in Nangarhar. 2016 May - New Taliban leader Mullah Mansour is killed in a US drone attack in Pakistan's Baluchestan province. 2016 July - US President Barack Obama says 8,400 US troops will remain in Afghanistan into 2017 in light of the \"precarious security situation\". NATO also agrees to maintain troop numbers and reiterates a funding pledge for local security forces until 2020. 2016 August to October - Taliban advance to the outskirts of Lashkar Gah, the capital of Helmand, and to the northern city of Kunduz. The group has brought much of the two provinces under its control since the bulk of NATO forces withdrew by end of 2014. 2016 September - The Afghan government signs a peace agreement with the militant group Hezb-e-Islami and grants immunity to the group's leader, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. 2017 January - A bomb attack in Kandahar kills six UAE diplomats. 2017 February - Rise in Islamic State activities reported in a number of northern and southern provinces. 2017 March - Thirty people are killed and more than 50 wounded in an attack by so-called Islamic State on a military hospital in Kabul. 2017 June - Islamic State militants capture the mountainous region of Tora Bora in Nangarhar province, which was formerly used as a base by the late al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden. 2017 August - US President Donald Trump says he's sending more troops to fight a resurgent Taliban. 2018 January - Bomb-laden ambulance explodes in Kabul, killing more than 100 people. It is one of ongoing attacks attributed to the Taliban. 2019 September - Protracted peace talks between the Taliban and the United States break down."
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"Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:",
"President Rajapakse told media at Thirupathy in Andhra Pradesh that he saw nothing wrong leaders having their own security when they travel abroad, a statement issued by the President's Media Unit said. Answering to a question about a statement by the LTTE's political leader, P.Nadesan that the government was not willing to re-open negotiations President Rajapakse said government was ready even today. \"I am ready today. Let them keep their weapons down” and he said that there was no deadline but it was up to the LTTE to decide. \"See what happened in Kabul. Terrorism strikes in Kabul, New York, London and Colombo. It is all the same. You cannot achieve anything through terrorism\", the statement said quoting President. Asked whether he was interested in mediation, he said it should be possible to settle this matter by direct discussions. We are all Sri Lankans; we are all brothers, whether we are from the north, east or south. Surely we can settle this by talking to each other\", President said"
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