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Leucadendron comosum subsp. homaeophyllum | Table of Content | linkrot, References |
Template:NCORPcheck/doc | Documentation subpage | This template creates a row in a source assessment table, corresponding to a single source being assessed as to establishing the notability of the topic with respect to two criteria only: whether the source contains sufficient in-depth independent content about the topic. It is meant for use in deletion discussions. It must be enclosed in template .
The use of this template does not imply a final or consensus view of how any given source should be assessed. Though it may be used to summarize a developing consensus, it may also reflect the assessments of a single editor in the course of a discussion. It is intended to focus discussion on the two primary reasons why sourcing (for organizations in particular) fails to establish notability. |
Template:NCORPcheck/doc | Background | Background
The ORGDEPTH and ORGIND sections of [[WP:NCORP|NCORP] guidelines assist in applying GNG for the presumed notability of organizations. ORGIND defines an independent source as both "functional independence", that is the publisher and author are unrelated to the topic, and "intellectual independent". This template focuses on the latter, that is to assess whether the source contains sufficient "original and independent opinion, analysis, investigation, and fact checking that are clearly attributable to a source unaffiliated to the subject". The template also assesses the independent content using ORGDEPTH to assess that the content contains "Deep or significant coverage provides an overview, description, commentary, survey, study, discussion, analysis, or evaluation" of the topic itself.
This template (with ) provides a visually clear means of presenting as assessment of sources against each of these two criteria, as well as an overall assessment derived from these criterion assessments. |
Template:NCORPcheck/doc | Usage | Usage
{{ NCORPcheck
| source = <!-- Source (link or citation template) -->
| ind = <!-- y/n/-/? -->
| ind_just = <!-- Justification re: Independent Content -->
| dep = <!-- y/n/-/? -->
| dep_just = <!-- In-depth Content about the Topic -->
}}
Abbreviated:
{{NCORPcheck
| src =
| i = | ij =
| d = | dj =
}}
Argument Purpose Notes source or src The source being assessed Should contain, at the very least, a link to the source being assessed; it may contain any other useful information, including templates. ind or i (independence) Assess Depth and Independence of the Content Value Output Meaning "y" (or equivalent per template ) 13px [justification] The source meets the criterion "n" (or equivalent per template ) 13px [justification] The source does not meet the criterion "-" (hyphen) – [justification] The source partially meets the criterion "?" 13px [justification] It has not been or cannot be determined whether the source meets the criterion [blank, or any other value] It has not been determined whether the source meets the criterion dep or d (in-depth) ind_just or ij Justification for the corresponding assessment These arguments are not strictly required, but their use is highly encouraged; deletion discussions are evaluated on the basis of well-supported arguments based on policy and guidelines. dep_just or dj |
Template:NCORPcheck/doc | "Overall" assessment | "Overall" assessment
The template computes an overall summary assessment of the source, based on the two criteria. This overall assessment is determined as follows:
If... Overall assessment Meaning All two criteria are "yes" 13px The source supports the case that the article meets NCORP Any of the criteria are "no" 13px The source does not support the case that the article meets NCORP Any of the criteria are "?" or blank, but none are "no" 13px The value of the source with respect to ORGDEPTH and ORGIND has not been or cannot be determined |
Template:NCORPcheck/doc | See also | See also
/ – similar templates for assessing against the general notability guideline |
Template:NCORPcheck/doc | Table of Content | Documentation subpage, Background, Usage, "Overall" assessment, See also |
File:Tornado nearing Grinnell, KS.png | Orphaned non-free revisions | |
File:Tornado nearing Grinnell, KS.png | Summary | Summary |
File:Tornado nearing Grinnell, KS.png | Table of Content | Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary |
Draft:Tough Luck (song) | Use dmy dates | "Tough Luck" is a song by the Icelandic singer-songwriter Laufey. |
Draft:Tough Luck (song) | Background and release | Background and release
https://billboardphilippines.com/music/news/laufey-bids-farewell-to-a-toxic-relationship-in-upcoming-new-single-tough-luck-may-2025/ - Announced single release on May 8
https://www.billboard.com/music/features/coco-jones-laufey-samara-joy-grammy-u-conference-1235956814/ - First live performance
https://www.nme.com/news/music/laufey-announces-new-album-a-matter-of-time-with-fiery-single-tough-luck-3862674 - Background on album |
Draft:Tough Luck (song) | Composition and lyrics | Composition and lyrics
https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/friday-music-guide-rihanna-morgan-wallen-jin-1235973774/
https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/music/a64793419/laufey-tough-luck-lyrics/
https://variety.com/2025/music/news/laufey-third-album-matter-of-time-single-tough-luck-1236399385/ |
Draft:Tough Luck (song) | Credits and personnel | Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from Apple Music.
Laufey lead vocals, vocals, cello, songwriter, producer
Spencer Stewart synthesizer, piano, drums, electric guitar, electric bass guitar, acoustic guitar, songwriter, producer
Junia Lin violin
Steve Kaye mixing engineer
Jannick Frampton assistant mixing engineer
Joe LaPorta mastering engineer |
Draft:Tough Luck (song) | References | References |
Draft:Tough Luck (song) | Table of Content | Use dmy dates, Background and release, Composition and lyrics, Credits and personnel, References |
Inter Ibiza CD | short description | Inter Ibiza Club Deportivo is a Spanish football club based in Ibiza, in the island of the same name, in the Balearic Islands. Founded in 2014, they play in , holding home games at Estadio Can Cantó, with a capacity of 1,000 people. |
Inter Ibiza CD | History | History
thumb|right|250px|Inter Ibiza's lineup in 2014
Founded in 2014, Inter Ibiza achieved a first-ever promotion to Tercera División RFEF in June 2021. After suffering immediate relegation, the club returned to the fifth tier in May 2025. |
Inter Ibiza CD | Season to season | Season to season
Source:
SeasonTierDivisionPlaceCopa del Rey2014–155Reg. Pref.11th2015–165Reg. Pref.7th2016–175Reg. Pref.5th2017–185Reg. Pref.4th2018–195Reg. Pref.3rd2019–205Reg. Pref.2nd2020–215Reg. Pref.1st2021–2253ª RFEF14th2022–236Reg. Pref.1st2023–246Reg. Pref.2nd2024–256Div. Hon.1st2025–2653ª Fed.
2 seasons in Tercera Federación |
Inter Ibiza CD | References | References |
Inter Ibiza CD | External links | External links
Soccerway team profile
Category:Sport in Ibiza
Category:Football clubs in the Balearic Islands
Category:Association football clubs established in 2014
Category:2014 establishments in Spain |
Inter Ibiza CD | Table of Content | short description, History, Season to season, References, External links |
Template:Editnotices/Page/Canaan | Contentious topics/editnotice | |
Template:Editnotices/Page/Canaan | Table of Content | Contentious topics/editnotice |
Jorge Caldara | Use dmy dates | Jorge Caldara (17 September 1924 – 24 August 1967) was a bandoneonist, orchestra conductor, and composer dedicated to the tango genre. In addition to leading his own orchestra, he played in the orchestras of Francisco Lauro, Alberto Pugliese, Emilio Orlando, and Osvaldo Pugliese, where he reached his peak as a musician, arranger, and composer, among others. As a composer, he is remembered for his tangos Pastoral, Pasional, and Por pecadora, among others. |
Jorge Caldara | Life | Life
Jorge Caldara was born in the Abasto neighborhood and was 4 years old when his family moved to La Paternal, still within the city of Buenos Aires. He liked music from a young age, especially the piano, but his father, who was a tango enthusiast, convinced him to study bandoneón with a local teacher. Due to financial reasons, he had to abandon those studies and work as a laborer, first in a cardboard factory and later in another that made rocker arms. |
Jorge Caldara | Professional career | Professional career
At the age of 14, he managed to join the orchestra of "El Cieguito" Tarantini, which performed at Café El Nacional on Avenida Corrientes. There, he realized he lacked the necessary knowledge, so he sought to acquire it by taking lessons from Minotto Di Cicco, Carlos Marcucci, and later, Félix Lipesker. Better prepared, he formed a neighborhood group with fellow students called the Orquesta Juvenil Buenos Aires, whose singer would later achieve success under the name Rodolfo Galé. This group performed at Café Germinal on Corrientes Street on Tuesdays, alternating with Aníbal Troilo’s orchestra.
The group disbanded, and Caldara was hired by Francisco Lauro to join his Orquesta Típica Los Mendocinos, a name that came from their performances at the restaurant Un Rincón de Mendoza. In 1939, he joined the bandoneon section of the orchestra led by violinist Alberto Pugliese, which that year performed at summer dances on the grounds of the Argentine Rural Society in Palermo and on Radio Del Pueblo.
In 1944, Caldara left his musical activities to fulfill mandatory military service in the Regiment of Patricians, located in the Palermo neighborhood, until—thanks to permission from his superiors—he was able to join the orchestra of bandoneonist Emilio Orlando, which performed on Radio El Mundo with singer José Berón. There, his talent earned him the role of bandoneonista cadenero (lead bandoneonist), despite being the orchestra's second bandoneon player.
Around 1944, Osvaldo Pugliese had to reorganize his orchestra due to the departure of bandoneonists Enrique Alessio, Quiroga, and Osvaldo Roscini. He replaced them with Caldara, Esteban Enrique Gilardi, and Oscar Castagniaro. Pugliese himself stated that he chose Caldara because of his strong personality, which had the power to drive and inspire the other bandoneonists during performances. Alongside Osvaldo Ruggiero, who had been with the orchestra since August 1939, Caldara formed an outstanding duo that was highly appreciated by the orchestra's followers.
For more than 10 years, he worked with Pugliese, performing on Radio El Mundo, at dances, on tours, and in recordings. Among those recordings were his tangos Patético (1948), Pastoral (1950), Pasional (1951), and Por pecadora (1952). His affection, respect, and admiration for Maestro Pugliese were expressed through the tribute he paid him with his tango Puglieseando, as well as his unique rendition of La yumba.
At the end of 1954, he left the orchestra and embarked on a new project. In 1953, while still associated with Pugliese's orchestra, he had been heard playing at a gathering by the Japanese singer Ranko Fujisawa, who was also the wife of the spouse of Shanpei Hayakawa, director of the Orquesta Típica Tokio, then visiting Argentina. Hayakawa invited him to travel to Japan to form an orchestra there. At that time, Caldara declined due to his commitment to Pugliese, but when Fujisawa returned for another visit, he accepted the offer and traveled to Japan with his entire family.
After a careful selection process, the orchestra was assembled and made its debut on Radio Tokyo. It later performed on the radio stations Nipon, Binca, and N.H.K., on the television channel J.O.R.K., and at the Kokusai and Nibiahai theaters. The orchestra also made some recordings, including the orchestral tangos Lorenzo by Agustín Bardi and Jueves by Udelino Toranzo and Rafael Rossi.
After a year, he returned to Argentina and formed his own ensemble, which was active between 1955 and 1960. Among its members were, among others, double bassist Norberto Samonta; bandoneonists Alberto Caracciolo, Elbio Garbuglia, Daniel Lomuto, Alfredo Marcucci, Carlos Niesi, Jacinto Nieves, Armando Rodríguez, and Ricardo Varela; pianist Rodolfo Mansilla; and violinists César Rilla, Juan Potenza, Norberto Bernasconi, Roberto Gallardo, Armando Cabrera, Alfio Messina, Eduardo Walczak, and Fernando Suárez Paz.
Initially, the vocalists were Raúl Ledesma and Carlos Montalvo. At the end of 1957, Ledesma was replaced by Horacio Dugan, who was later succeeded by Miguel Martino. The group debuted on Radio Splendid, beginning their performance with the tango El irresistible by Lorenzo Logatti. They recorded with Odeon featuring the voices of Ledesma and Montalvo, and the following year they began performing on Radio El Mundo.
Without stepping down from leading his orchestra, in 1960 he joined violinist Hugo Baralis, pianist Armando Cupo, and bassist Kicho Díaz to form the quartet Estrellas de Buenos Aires, which toured across the Americas, appeared on Peruvian television, and recorded several tracks for Odeon.
In the 1960s, he restructured his orchestra by teaming up with singers Ricardo Ruiz and Rodolfo Lesica. However, Ruiz left shortly afterward, though not before recording the tango Mi malacara y yo by Luis Stazo and Federico Silva—performed as a duet with Lesica—for the Music-Hall label. Lesica also recorded the tango Mis consejos by Héctor Marcó. The group was then renamed Caldara-Lesica and, under the same label, recorded the instrumental pieces Nochero soy, Mi bandoneón y yo, and La yumba, along with vocal tracks sung by Lesica: Confesión, Ríe payaso, and Por la vuelta.
Later on, he formed a new orchestra with bandoneonists Carlos Goliat, Miguel Incardona, Omar Nacir, and himself; double bassist Fernando Romano; pianist Rodolfo Mansilla; violinists Mario Abramovich, Antonio Agri, Carlos Arnaiz, Mario Grossi, Antonio Magnético, Félix Molino, and Fernando Suárez Paz; and cellist José Federighi.
In 1966, Roberto Echagüe replaced Lesica, and during the year he was with the group—before being succeeded by Raúl Funes—he recorded the tangos La novia ausente and Madame Ivonne.
In 1963, doctors diagnosed Caldara with Hodgkin's disease (cancer of the lymph nodes), and after a four-year battle, he died in Buenos Aires on 24 August 1967. |
Jorge Caldara | References | References
Category:Orquesta Osvaldo Pugliese
Category:Argentine conductors (music)
Category:1924 births
Category:1967 deaths |
Jorge Caldara | Table of Content | Use dmy dates, Life, Professional career, References |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fredericksburg Theater Company | [[:Fredericksburg Theater Company]] | :Fredericksburg Theater Company
– (View AfDView log | edits since nomination)
()
doesn't meet WP:GNG not enough sources independent of the subject nor is there significant coverage of any sort SapphicVibes (talk) 18:36, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Theatre, Organizations, and Texas. Shellwood (talk) 18:40, 19 May 2025 (UTC) |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fredericksburg Theater Company | Table of Content | [[:Fredericksburg Theater Company]] |
Lisandra | '''Lisandra''' | Lisandra is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Lisandra Espinosa (born 1986), Cuban team handball player
Lisandra Guerra (born 1987), Cuban racing cyclist
Lisandra Ramos Martinez (born 1987), artist and designer from Cuba
Lisandra Rodriguez (born 1986), Cuban female discus thrower
Lisandra Salvador (born 1990), Angolan handball player
Lisandra Tena, American actress
Lisandra Teresa Ordaz Valdés (born 1988), Cuban chess player |
Lisandra | Table of Content | '''Lisandra''' |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | AFC submission |
Nicky Dare is an Indonesian-American author, speaker, consultant, certified firearms instructor, and founder of iDARE® Inc., a nonprofit focused on disaster preparedness and resilience. She is recognized for her work in tactical training, leadership development, and community safety education. |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Early Life and Education | Early Life and Education
Nicky Dare was born in Indonesia and immigrated to the United States in the 1970s. She graduated high school at age 16 and started college at the University of Houston the same year. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management and later completed an MBA at IPMI International Business School. She is currently pursuing a degree in aerospace engineering.
Dare’s lifelong commitment to education, innovation, and integrity was inspired by her late father, a distinguished professor who earned his PhD at the University of Houston and taught at institutions including Stanford, MIT, Université Grenoble Alpes, and the University of Colorado Boulder. Her grandfather, a district attorney in Indonesia, influenced her dedication to public service. |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Career | Career
At 21, Dare founded Global Meta Management Consultants, specializing in change management and strategic planning. She later launched iDARE® Inc. to advance disaster risk reduction, women’s empowerment, and community outreach.
Dare is also a certified firearms instructor and Range Safety Officer (RSO), trained in tactical systems including rifle, shotgun, M16, and Uzi. Her focus on situational awareness stems from surviving a violent home invasion while in college, prompting her mission to train others in crisis preparedness. |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Certifications and Training | Certifications and Training
- A three-day emergency preparedness and Homeland Security exercise was held November 16–18, 2016, at Del Valle Regional Training Center in Castaic, California. Dare and her team represented iDARE® Inc. as volunteer civilians in the LAFD and National Guard–hosted drill, coordinated with FEMA and other agencies.
- NRA-certified instructor: Rifle, Shotgun, Handgun
- CompTIA A+
- Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE)
- ABCO Technical certification
- California Real Estate Sales Agent License issued by the California Department of Real Estate (1999–2005)
- California Property and Casualty Broker-Agent License issued by the California Department of Insurance (2014)
- California Insurance License (inactive)
- LAFD CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) trained
- Participated in City of Santa Clarita emergency preparedness simulation (College of the Canyons, 2015) |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Authorship | Authorship
Dare has written several books:
- The Audacity of Veracity
- Safety and Survival: Personal Preparedness Assessment Guide
- Dare’s Guide to Pandemic Survival
- Dare to Live Life Fearlessly
- The Kaizen Currency of Sustainable Success
- Situational Leadership: Incorporating Situational Awareness |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Media and Public Recognition | Media and Public Recognition
- Featured in Western Outdoor News for firearms training
- Profiled by Elite Magazine Santa Clarita
- Appeared on SCVTV (Santa Clarita Valley Television)
- Featured on the cover of Habitat for Humanity event material
- Coverage by The Signal and other Santa Clarita outlets
- Recognized on GreatNonprofits.org for community impact |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Nonprofit Work | Nonprofit Work
iDARE® Inc. (Integrity, Diversity, Adaptation, Resilience, Empowerment) supports crisis education, women’s empowerment, and sustainable preparedness. The organization has received recognition on GreatNonprofits and hosts community trainings, including active shooter preparedness workshops. |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Cultural Representation | Cultural Representation
In 2025, Dare was invited for the second time by the local Chamber of Commerce to serve as an Indonesian ambassador to the Valley Asian Pacific Islanders Cultural Festival. For the first time, she partnered with the Indonesian Consulate of Los Angeles, which formally collaborated with her in supporting the cultural representation and community outreach at the event. |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Podcast and Education | Podcast and Education
Dare hosts the Leadership365° podcast and is a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), attending aerospace workshops and leadership panels. |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | References | References
|
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | External Links | External Links
Official Website
iDARE® Inc.
Leadership365° Podcast
Amazon Author Page |
Draft:Nicky Dare (Author) | Table of Content | AFC submission, Early Life and Education, Career, Certifications and Training, Authorship, Media and Public Recognition, Nonprofit Work, Cultural Representation, Podcast and Education, References, External Links |
Draft:Satpal Sidhu | AFC submission |
Satpal Sidhu is an American politician based out of Whatcom County. He was elected to the Whatcom County Council from 2015-2019, before getting elected as Whatcom County Executive in 2020..
Satpal Singh Sidhu, a first-generation immigrant from India, came to Whatcom County in 1988 from Canada. He is a Fulbright scholar, an Electrical Engineer and holds an MBA degree. He has held senior business executive positions in USA, Canada and India and worked in Europe as well. He is a citizen of USA, Canada and India. He lives in Whatcom County with his wife of 45 years, have lived in Lynden for 30 years. They have three grown sons and two granddaughters |
Draft:Satpal Sidhu | References | References |
Draft:Satpal Sidhu | Table of Content | AFC submission, References |
File:Koto Shopno Koto Asha.jpeg | Orphaned non-free revisions | |
File:Koto Shopno Koto Asha.jpeg | Summary | Summary |
File:Koto Shopno Koto Asha.jpeg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Koto Shopno Koto Asha.jpeg | Table of Content | Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing |
Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/College of DuPage/Research, Writing, and the Production of Knowledge (Summer 2025) | course details
| Course Catalog Description: Builds upon the rhetoric, reading, and writing concepts introduced in English Composition I by having students compose inquiry-driven research projects. In their research process, students find and select the most appropriate sources to address research questions that are intended for a discourse community. Students integrate sources meaningfully for support and present their findings via the forms of media and genre that suit the project’s objectives. Repeatable for credit: No. Prerequisite: ENGLI 1101 English Composition 1 with a grade of "C" or better, or equivalent.
Section Overview: This class will teach the basics of discourse, persuasive writing, and research methods through a rigorous inquiry of one of the world's most popular websites: Wikipedia. According to its own entry, Wikipedia is a user-driven, free-access, free-content encyclopedia, supported and hosted by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, and constitutes the Internet’s "largest and most popular general reference work."
And yet, many academics frown upon the use of Wikipedia, while some even go so far as to ban students from using it. Why? This class will pursue that debate and many more related to research, writing, and the production of knowledge. Course assignments involve 4 major research-based projects: (1) an analysis essay, (2) an annotated bibliography, (3) a reflection essay, and (4) a Wikipedia article written and edited by you. In order to successfully produce each project, we will have to explore a variety of conventions related to writing, as well as some theoretical ideas related to epistemology. We will familiarize ourselves with the policies and procedures set forth by Wikipedia’s community of contributors. We will evaluate print and digital texts by conducting research in the library and online. We will hone your skills in academic research, argumentative writing, and discourse analysis. We will practice summarizing, paraphrasing, quoting, analyzing, and synthesizing the views of other writers. Ultimately, you will begin to apprehend the fundamental role of rhetoric (i.e., persuasion) within the world of online and academic discourse, while also learning about knowledge creation, bias, credibility, objectivity, and community writing in the digital world. In sum, through classroom discussions, writing assignments, and your own online inquiries, this class promises to make you a better writer, reader, researcher, and thinker.
COURSE OBJECTIVES :: Upon successful completion of the course the student should be able to do the following:
Practice writing as a process involving inquiry, research, feedback, and revision
Analyze a rhetorical situation within a discourse community
Identify an issue relevant to a discourse community, a research question, a research plan, and digital and/or print media and genre(s) in which to present research findings to an audience
Assess the feasibility of the research inquiry
Build a body of research in the various stages of the research process
Evaluate the credibility of a variety of sources
Analyze arguments presented in sources
Develop research-supported arguments that address an issue relevant to a discourse community
Incorporate responses from instructor(s) and peers as part of the revision and editing process
Create researched print and/or digital texts that respond to rhetorical situations
Use suitable methods of citation |
Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/College of DuPage/Research, Writing, and the Production of Knowledge (Summer 2025) | Table of Content | course details
|
Draft:Three Tree Roofing | AFC submission |
Three Tree Roofing is family owned North American roofing company Headquartered in Seattle, WA. |
Draft:Three Tree Roofing | References | References
Official Website |
Draft:Three Tree Roofing | Table of Content | AFC submission, References |
Template:NCORPcheck table/doc | Documentation subpage | This template encloses one or more calls to template . It generates a source assessment table, which contains assessments of sources with respect to independent content (ORGIND) and in-depth information (ORGDEPTH) from the notability guideline for organizations (NCORP)]]. It is meant for use in deletion discussions.
The use of this template does not imply a final or consensus view of how any given source should be assessed. Though it may be used to summarize a developing consensus, it may also reflect the assessments of a single editor in the course of a discussion. |
Template:NCORPcheck table/doc | Background | Background
independent content (ORGIND) and in-depth information (ORGDEPTH) from the notability guideline for organizations (NCORP)]]
ORGIND and ORGDEPTH from NCORP and other guidelines expand on what is meant by "independence" (both independence of author/publisher and independence of content), and "in-depth information" about the topic. This template (with ) provides a visually clear means of presenting as assessment of sources against each of these two criteria, as well as an overall assessment derived from these criterion assessments. |
Template:NCORPcheck table/doc | Usage | Usage
{{ NCORPcheck table |
{{ NCORPcheck | ... }} <!--See description of arguments at {{tl|NCORPcheck}}-->
{{ NCORPcheck | ... }}
{{ NCORPcheck | ... }}
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Template:NCORPcheck table/doc | Table of Content | Documentation subpage, Background, Usage |
Robert Orford | '''Robert Orford''' | Robert Orford or Robert of Orford may refer to:
Robert of Orford (Dominican) (), theologian at Oxford
Robert Orford (bishop) (died 1310), prior and then bishop of Ely |
Robert Orford | Table of Content | '''Robert Orford''' |
File:Rina Brown.jpeg | Orphaned non-free revisions | |
File:Rina Brown.jpeg | Summary | Summary |
File:Rina Brown.jpeg | Licensing | Licensing |
File:Rina Brown.jpeg | Table of Content | Orphaned non-free revisions, Summary, Licensing |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | AfC submission | thumb|Entrance to the company premises and its halls (2015)
thumb|Repair of electric motors in the company's halls (1970s)
Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki is a company based in Mińsk Mazowiecki, Poland, specializing in the production, modernization, and repair of rolling stock.
The company was founded on 29 November 1952 as the Mińsk Mazowiecki Railway Rolling Stock Repair Works (ZNTK). Initially, it operated under a state-owned industrial association until 1982, when it became part of Polish State Railways (PKP). From 1982 to 1991, it functioned within PKP's structure before becoming an independent state-owned enterprise. On 2 January 1996, it was transformed into a joint-stock company. In 2008, it joined the Pesa capital group, and on 18 February 2022, it was renamed Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki.
Originally, the company focused on repairing electric rolling stock and electric machines. In the 1990s, it expanded to include repairs of other vehicle types. Between 2010 and 2014, it produced budget versions of Pesa's railbuses. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | History | History |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Origins | Origins
After World War II, Poland's railway infrastructure was heavily damaged, and Polish State Railways lacked a dedicated facility for repairing electric rolling stock. Initial repairs were conducted at the Warszawa Grochów locomotive depot, followed by workshops in Pruszków, Lubań, and Gdańsk. More complex repairs, particularly those requiring rewinding of electric machines, were outsourced to the Warsaw Commuter Railway depot in Grodzisk Mazowiecki and the Dolmel factory in Wrocław. The need for a specialized repair facility near the electrified Warsaw railway hub led to the design of the Mińsk Mazowiecki works in 1948, under the direction of engineer Wiktor Tyszka.
In 1951, due to the development of the railway system in Poland, and in particular the Warsaw Railway Junction, a decision was made to establish Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego in Mińsk Mazowiecki. These were intended to serve as a maintenance and repair base for the rolling stock primarily operating suburban routes. On 29 November 1952, the Polish United Workers' Party and the state government passed a resolution to build these facilities, a decision that is considered the founding moment of the company. The plant was allocated an area of over 26 hectares, located near the Mińsk Mazowiecki railway station, between the and the then . |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Part of the industrial association and PKP (1952–1991) | Part of the industrial association and PKP (1952–1991)
The design for the Mińsk Mazowiecki works was developed in 1951 by the Warsaw Industrial Construction Design Bureau, incorporating innovative conoidal structural roofs with a 25-meter span, designed by , , Witold Sielicki, W. Zaleski, and S. Walczyna. At the beginning of 1953, construction began on the plant named PKP – Mińsk Mazowiecki Electric Rolling Stock Repair Plant (under construction). On 22 July 1954, despite ongoing works, the first electric multiple unit entered the repair hall. That same year, the first three halls were completed, the company's name was changed to Mińsk Mazowiecki Rolling Stock Repair Plant, and its first director was Julian Grodzicki. From the start, the plant operated as an independent enterprise on a full economic accounting basis but was subordinate to the Directorate of Production Plants, established in 1950 (later Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego).
In spring 1954, employees formed a football team, which later became part of the Mazovia Mińsk Mazowiecki sports club. The company also sponsored a table tennis section, formed by merging two clubs, one of which was established by ZNTK workers. Employees also participated in the club's athletics section and later served on its board.
During the 1950s and 1960s, additional facilities were built, including two auxiliary workshop halls, a boiler house, a housing estate, a 735 m² component warehouse, additional repair halls, a fire station, a mechanical carpentry shop, paint and lubricant storage, a steel warehouse, an electrical substation, a carbide storage, and deep wells. The facility's tracks were electrified.
The company initially repaired EMUs of the EW51, , , , and series. At the end of 1957, a new hall with an area of over 3,000 m² was commissioned, housing a workshop for the repair of electric traction machinery. It specialized in all types of repairs of all electric machines in use at the time and was the first such workshop within the United Rolling Stock Repair Plants Association (ZNTK). In April 1958, a rotor winding workshop was launched, where machines were rewound using pre-manufactured imported components. In August 1959, in cooperation with the Electric Traction Department of the Electrotechnical Institute, the plant began manufacturing its own winding inductors, and later also commutators and other components. Additionally, the plant produced leaf springs and plastic parts for railway rolling stock.
On 1 March 1961, a Central Design and Technological Bureau for Electric Rolling Stock Repairs was established to handle documentation and organizational tasks for electric motor repairs and to develop technical documentation for PKP's electric rolling stock across all ZNTK facilities. That year, administrative, social, and gatehouse buildings, as well as a paint shop, hydro station, plastic processing workshop, test station, impregnation facility, battery room, waste storage, and diesel locomotive garage were constructed.
In 1962, the company implemented technically justified standards and a two-stage technical-organizational subordination program. It collaborated with the Railway Institute in Warsaw, the Institute of Paints and Varnishes in Gliwice, the Institute of Plastics in Gliwice, and Warsaw University of Technology. By 1963, the facility's expansion was completed. In the early 1960s, repairs began on EMUs of the EW55 and EN57 series.
From 1973 to 1990, the company was named after Cuban revolutionary Camilo Cienfuegos. On 1 January 1982, the ZNTK Association was dissolved, and all repair works were integrated into PKP's structure. In 1988, additional halls for EMU repairs were built. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | State-owned enterprise (1991–1996) | State-owned enterprise (1991–1996)
In 1991, the Mińsk Mazowiecki works were separated from PKP and operated as an independent state-owned enterprise named the Mińsk Mazowiecki Railway Rolling Stock Repair Works. Due to the poor financial condition of the railway sector, orders decreased, leading to reduced employment. However, the company retained a skilled workforce and essential machinery.
In the mid-1990s, repairs focused primarily on EN57 EMUs (94%), EN71 (5%), and the phasing-out EW55 (1%). Between 1993 and 1995, the company conducted revision repairs combined with modernization of railbuses. In 1995, modernization of EU07 electric locomotives into the EP07 series began. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Joint-stock company (from 1996) | Joint-stock company (from 1996)
thumb|Frame of the front of an EMU modernized to the EN71KM series (2009)
thumb|Inside the company hall, on the left frames of 18WE type EMUs (2009)
thumb|VT627 carriage and ED74 set in the company hall (2009)
thumb|Company grounds seen from above (2013)
thumb|Forklifts on the ZNTK grounds, with their service hall visible in the background (2015)
thumb|EN57 series EMU undergoing modernization (2016)
thumb|EW51-36 near the end of renovation (2019)
On 2 January 1996, the company was converted into a sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury named Mińsk Mazowiecki Railway Rolling Stock Repair Works S.A. and included in the National Investment Fund "Foksal" under Poland's Universal Privatization Program, marking the start of its privatization. On 1 May 1996, the company transferred its residential blocks to the newly formed Kolejarz Housing Cooperative.
Between 1998 and 2002, a restructuring reduced employment by 24.8%, from 879 in 1998 to 661 in 2001, though production growth in 2002 led to the hiring of 27 additional workers. Between 1999 and 2000, the company fulfilled an order for Croatian Railways, performing major repairs and modernization of two EMUs equivalent to the EN71 series.
In the early 2000s, the company expanded its operations to include repairs of electric locomotives and railroad cars. By mid-2000, it employed 780 people. Adtranz Polska expressed interest in acquiring a 33% stake to expand its rolling stock servicing operations. In 2001, Siemens showed interest in purchasing a majority stake.
In mid-2002, the company began minor modernizations of EN57 EMUs during major repairs, focusing on interior upgrades. On 29 August 2002, the first such modernization was completed for unit EN57-1400 for Przewozy Regionalne in Katowice. On 1 July 2002, 60% of the company's shares were acquired by private investors Surfinia and Feniks Inwestycje, with 25% owned by the State Treasury and 15% by employees.
In 2004, the company undertook more advanced EN57 modernizations, including electrical system upgrades, control system modifications, and bogie redesigns. On 31 May 2004, the first such modernization was completed for unit EN57-1441 for ZPR Wrocław. In late 2005, Škoda Transportation proposed forming a joint venture to supply trams and EMUs to the Polish market. On 30 April 2006, the company completed the most advanced EN57 modernization to date under the Sectoral Operational Programme Transport, upgrading unit EN57-1417 with new electrical systems, control systems, bogies, interiors, driver's cabs, and streamlined front ends designed by Wojciech Maliński. At that time, the company employed around 700 people. On 19 May 2006, the 60% stake held by Surfinia and Feniks Inwestycje was acquired by the Slovak company Prema Trade, based in Trnava.
In 2007, the company completed two modernizations of EW60 units and nine EN57 modernizations with impulse start systems, which were later discontinued due to unsatisfactory traction performance.
In early 2007, the company's technical department began designing a new three-car EMU, Shirley, in collaboration with Autosan. By mid-2008, the body and bogie frames of the first unit were tested at the Tabor Railway Vehicle Institute in Poznań, with completion planned for later that year. The management expressed interest in producing vehicles for Central and Eastern Europe and discussed building and servicing high-speed rail trains with a Western European manufacturer. At the time, the company employed 1,000 people, including 180 administrative staff and 18 in the technical-design department. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Part of Pesa group (from 2008) | Part of Pesa group (from 2008)
On 5 July 2008, Prema was established, with Prema Trade contributing its 60% stake in ZNTK. In early August 2008, Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz acquired 99.99% of Prema's shares, gaining control of 60% of ZNTK's shares. The remaining 40% was held by the State Treasury and employees, with the company employing 800 people.
On 1 March 2009, due to the economic crisis and reduced orders, the company reduced working hours to four days a week, initially avoiding layoffs, though staff reductions later occurred. The Shirley EMU project was halted.
On 23 October 2009, Pesa acquired an additional 25.31% of shares at a Ministry of State Treasury auction, integrating the company into its corporate group, which ensured stable development and access to new markets.
In 2009, the company began modernizing EN57 units with asynchronous drive systems. In 2011, for an order from the Lublin Voivodeship, it introduced sliding plug doors to these units for the first time. Modernizations continued, with increasing scope, using front ends identical to those in the SPOT program or modified designs by Wojciech Maliński and Maciej Kucharski.
The 2009 economic crisis prompted production diversification. The company expanded into railbus production and tram repairs. In late 2009, a consortium of Pesa and ZNTK won a contract for diesel multiple units for the Lublin Voivodeship, assigned entirely to Mińsk Mazowiecki as a test project for railbus production. In Q1 2010, an unused hall was adapted for railbus production. The company won subsequent tenders, either with Pesa or independently, producing SA135 and SA134 units with simpler, more angular front-end designs compared to Pesa's Bydgoszcz models. In early 2010, the consortium secured its first tram modernization contract for Grudziądz.
In February 2010, the company introduced a strategy to improve its financial health, establishing three internal divisions: repairs, mechanical, and construction. The construction division supplied components, including tram body panels, to Pesa and the other divisions. Between 2011 and 2012, the company repaired passenger cars for PKP Intercity. By mid-2012, with 670 employees, it performed two fifth-level and twelve fourth-level repairs monthly, the highest among Polish repair facilities.
Between late 2012 and early 2013, Andrzej Rudkiewicz, Jakub Rudkiewicz, and Radosław Fafara designed a modernized front end for EN57 modernizations for the Łódź Voivodeship, which was applied to subsequent upgrades. In early March 2014, Pesa's Bydgoszcz locomotive depot was listed as a heritage site, halting its expansion. As a result, Pesa increased employment and expanded the Mińsk Mazowiecki facility, driven by modernization contracts and an order for 20 Dart units for PKP Intercity, to be serviced in Mińsk.
In September 2015, a new hall was completed to service up to three Dart units simultaneously, up to the P4 maintenance level. Acceptance of the facility followed, and by late 2015, the first ED161 unit arrived for staff training, with the company tasked with 15-year maintenance of these EMUs.
Between 2015 and 2016, EN57 modernization costs ranged from 7 to 9 million PLN per unit, depending on the scope and order size, roughly half the cost of a new vehicle with similar capacity. In 2006, SPOT program modernizations cost approximately 1.8 million PLN per unit. In 2017, after debates on the cost-effectiveness of modernizations, most operators and regional authorities announced plans to phase out modernizations in favor of new rolling stock. Robert Świechowicz, Pesa's president, stated that Mińsk Mazowiecki would focus on P4 and P5 maintenance for all Pesa-produced EMUs if EN57 modernizations ended.
In early 2018, the company completed its first modernization of an ED72Ac EMU, with a front end styled after Pesa's Elf II. On 26 February 2019, the company presented the restored EW51-36, Poland's oldest EMU from 1936. In January 2022, it completed the restoration of EN57-038, repainted in its historical yellow-navy livery. On 31 May 2023, the company delivered the last of 14 modernized ED74 units and announced it would focus on maintenance, servicing, and periodic repairs of Gama locomotives. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Operations | Operations |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Railway | Railway
The company serves both local governments and business partners, offering:
Production of railbuses.
Modernization of locomotives, EMUs, passenger cars, and trams.
Major and revision repairs of railway vehicles and their components. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Order summary | Order summary
VehicleQuantityDelivery yearsRecipientProductionSA135 Mińsk62010Koleje Dolnośląskie52010–2011Marshal's Office of Subcarpathian VoivodeshipSA134 Mińsk 252010Marshal's Office of Lublin Voivodeship22011Marshal's Office of Lubusz Voivodeship12011Marshal's Office of Subcarpathian Voivodeship32011Koleje Dolnośląskie32013Marshal's Office of Lublin Voivodeship12014Marshal's Office of Subcarpathian VoivodeshipModernizationsEN57422006–2007Przewozy RegionalneEW6022007Masovian Railways2013–2014EN57KM52007Masovian RailwaysEN57AKM2013EN5742007Szybka Kolej MiejskaEN57AKM2016EN7112007Masovian RailwaysEN5722008SKM WarszawaEN57AKM62009–2010Masovian RailwaysEN7112010Masovian RailwaysEN71KM42010Masovian RailwaysEN57AKM32010–2011Marshal's Office of Łódź VoivodeshipEN57AL52011Marshal's Office of Lublin VoivodeshipED72A22011Przewozy RegionalneEN57AL12011Marshal's Office of Pomeranian VoivodeshipEN57AL32012Marshal's Office of Pomeranian VoivodeshipEN57AL12012Marshal's Office of Lower Silesian VoivodeshipEN57AL32012–2013Marshal's Office of Podlaskie VoivodeshipEN57AL42012–2013Marshal's Office of Łódź VoivodeshipED72A42012–2013Marshal's Office of Kuyavian–Pomeranian VoivodeshipEN57AL42012–2014Marshal's Office of Opole VoivodeshipEN57AKM72013–2014Masovian RailwaysEN57AL72013–2014Marshal's Office of West Pomeranian VoivodeshipEN57AKM212013–2014Szybka Kolej MiejskaEN57AL12014Marshal's Office of Lower Silesian VoivodeshipEN57AL12014Marshal's Office of Podlaskie VoivodeshipEN57AL42014–2015Marshal's Office of Łódź VoivodeshipEN57AL272014–2015Masovian RailwaysEN57AL12015Marshal's Office of Lower Silesian VoivodeshipEN57AL22015Marshal's Office of Podlaskie VoivodeshipEN57AL212015Przewozy RegionalneEN57AL102015–2016Marshal's Office of West Pomeranian VoivodeshipEN57AL12016Marshal's Office of Pomeranian VoivodeshipEN57AL392016–2017Masovian RailwaysEN57AL52017Marshal's Office of Greater Poland VoivodeshipEN57ALc362017–2018Przewozy RegionalneEN57ALdED72Ac122017–2018Przewozy RegionalneEN57ALc12018Marshal's Office of Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | District heating | District heating
In April 2008, the company obtained the necessary licenses from the Energy Regulatory Office and in June 2011 began operations in the heating sector. The company produced thermal energy in an on-site boiler plant equipped with two WR-5 boilers and four WLM-2.5 boilers with a total installed capacity of 29.9 MW and an operational capacity of 23.1 MW. It was also responsible for the transmission and distribution of heat, as well as for the maintenance of district heating substations in residential, commercial, public utility, and industrial buildings within Mińsk Mazowiecki. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Presence at trade fairs | Presence at trade fairs |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki at Trako trade fair | ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki at Trako trade fair
YearStandVehiclesSource1999yes–2003yes–2005yesEN57-1920 (presented by Masovian Railways)2007yesEN57KM-1486 (presented by Masovian Railways), EN57-1094 (presented by SKM Tricity)2015noEN57AL-2101 (presented by Przewozy Regionalne) |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Cooperation with education and science | Cooperation with education and science
From 23 April 2009 to 31 March 2012, ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki together with the Tabor Railway Vehicle Institute from Poznań implemented a targeted project titled Electric multiple unit for power supply voltages 3 kV; 15 kV – 16.6 Hz; 25 kV – 50 Hz. The total value of the project was 27,410,000 PLN, of which 5,493,500 PLN was co-financed by the National Centre for Research and Development.
On 23 June 2015, the management of ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki signed a letter of intent with the authorities of Mińsk County and the management of Vocational School Complex No. 2 named after the Warsaw Insurgents in Mińsk Mazowiecki, specifying the conditions of cooperation aimed at improving the technical knowledge and skills of the school's graduates and better preparing its students for the labor market requirements. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Financial results | Financial results
Between 1998 and 2001, the plant incurred losses, although they were decreasing year by year. From 2002 to 2007, ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki recorded profits, but from 2008 to 2011 the company returned to losses. Between 2012 and 2022, the enterprise once again achieved positive financial results. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Company presidents | Company presidents
Presidents of the company after its privatization in July 2002:
FromToPersonSourceNovember 2002November 2002Władysław NowakNovember 2002September 2009Slavomír MamatejSeptember 2009April 2010Stanisław CichońMay 2010November 2010Ryszard KędziorNovember 2010March 2011Michał BohuszewiczMay 2011March 2013Krzysztof AdamskiMarch 2013February 2016Sławomir PiątekFebruary 2016December 2016Sebastian KameckiDecember 2016April 2021Krzysztof AdamskiApril 2021PresentJacek Bilski |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Awards and honors | Awards and honors
1998 – distinction at the Kolej na kolej '98 exhibition in for ecological toilets installed in modernized electric multiple units.
1998 – award for the best product at the Trako '98 fair in Gdynia for an automatic passenger information system designed for railway stations.
1998 – distinction at the Kolej '98 fair in Bydgoszcz for electromagnetic direction boards installed in modernized electric multiple units.
2020 – 25th place in the national ranking and 8th place in the regional ranking for the Masovian Voivodeship in the category of large companies with revenues exceeding 250 million PLN, in the Forbes Diamonds ranking. |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | References | References |
Draft:Pesa Mińsk Mazowiecki | Table of Content | AfC submission, History, Origins, Part of the industrial association and PKP (1952–1991), State-owned enterprise (1991–1996), Joint-stock company (from 1996), Part of Pesa group (from 2008), Operations, Railway, Order summary, District heating, Presence at trade fairs, ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki at Trako trade fair, Cooperation with education and science, Financial results, Company presidents, Awards and honors, References |
Robert of Orford (Dominican) | '''Robert of Orford''' | Robert of Orford (), also called Robert of Oxford, Robert of Colletorto or Robert of Torto Collo, was an English Dominican master of theology at the University of Oxford and an early defender of Thomas Aquinas. |
Robert of Orford (Dominican) | Life | Life
Robert studied at either Oxford or Cambridge, and is said to have been a bachelor of divinity. He may have afterwards gone to the University of Paris before returning to Oxford, but this conjectural. The date at which he became a master is unknown. He was the in a disputation with a certain Richard Clive (known from a Cambridge manuscript) and another with Alan of Wakerfield, the Franciscan master of theology at Oxford, around 1285. He preached a sermon at Oxford on 22 February 1293.
Robert's name is incorrectly given as William in one manuscript. Leandro Alberti placed his activity as early 1242, but all other evidence puts it much later. |
Robert of Orford (Dominican) | Works | Works
Robert's writings include:
, a defence of Thomism against the criticism of William de la Mare's
, a critical response to Henry of Ghent
, a treatise against Giles of Rome, anonymous in its sole manuscript witness
The was written between 1289 and 1293. It is a response to Henry's quodlibeta 1–14, the last of which was only disputed in 1290 or 1291. Robert's response was circulating before Henry's death in 1293, since it was used by Remigio dei Girolami while Henry was still living.
There is general consensus that Robert's surviving writings seem to have been written in a hurry, resulting at times in superficiality.
The and are listed under Robert of Orford's name in the 14th-century Stams Catalogue of Dominican authors. The 16th-century bibliographer John Pits records that he also wrote against James of Viterbo. The treatise , formerly attributed to Aquinas, may be by Robert. |
Robert of Orford (Dominican) | Notes | Notes |
Robert of Orford (Dominican) | Bibliography | Bibliography
Category:Thomists
Category:English Dominicans
Category:13th-century writers in Latin |
Robert of Orford (Dominican) | Table of Content | '''Robert of Orford''', Life, Works, Notes, Bibliography |
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida) | Short description | County Road 615 (CR 615), or 66th Avenue, is a major north–south county road in Indian River County, Florida. Starting at State Road 60 (SR 60) in West Vero Corridor, CR 615 heads North until eventually ending at CR 510 in Wabasso. The county road was built in 1951.
CR 615 mainly passes through rural areas in Indian River County. |
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida) | Route description | Route description
CR 615 begins at SR 60 (20th Street) in West Vero Corridor. The county road heads north, intersecting CR 630 (41st Street) in Gifford. In Winter Beach, CR 615 intersects CR 632 (65th Street) and CR 508 (69th Street), then narrows to two lanes. Finally, CR 615 ends at CR 510 in Wabasso. |
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida) | Future | Future
Since 2021, a project to improve CR 615 has taken place. Phase 1, spanning from 49th Street to CR 508 (69th Street), finished in late 2024. Phase 1 included adding traffic lights at 53rd Street and CR 508 (69th Street), with improvements to the traffic light at 57th Street. Phase 1 involved widening CR 615 from two to four lanes. Phase 2, spanning from CR 508 to CR 510, is under construction. CR 615 will be widened from two to four lanes, and a traffic circle will be constructed at the intersection with CR 510. The total cost for both phases is $48,436,408. |
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida) | Major Intersections | Major Intersections |
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida) | References | References
615 |
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida) | Table of Content | Short description, Route description, Future, Major Intersections, References |
Draft:Young Vamp Life | AFC submission |
New carti label with apollored1 |
Draft:Young Vamp Life | References | References |
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