CambridgeMolecularEngineering/SCQA_FirstTurn

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 13 1.96k	question stringclasses 124 values	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "text": [ "6.92 ± 0.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }	10.1039/B925245B	The short-circuit current density (JSC) of the DSSC with Pt-CE is 14.62 ± 0.19 mA cm−2, and its power-conversion efficiency (η) is 6.92 ± 0.07%.	What is the value of η?	67926
{ "text": [ "0.711V" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }	10.1016/j.diamond.2019.03.009	The DSSC-based on Gr/PANI counter electrode has shown 10.683mA/cm2 short circuit current density (Jsc), 0.473 fill factor (FF), 0.711V open circuit voltage (Voc) resultantly, 3.589% photoconversion efficiency (PCE).	What is the value of Voc?	53558
{ "text": [ "0.70 V" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }	10.1039/C9CP02439E	The dye HD-2–DCA resulted in a Voc of 0.66 V, the dye HD-2–LTz-1 resulted in a Voc of 0.70 V, the dye HD-2–LTz-2 resulted in a Voc of 0.68 V and the dye HD-2–LTz-3 resulted in a Voc of 0.67 V.The use of LTz-3 as a co-adsorbent was shown to be more efficient.	What is the value of Voc?	61169
{ "text": [ "13.86%" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }	10.1039/C8TA02288G	The devices with the optimized 2D perovskite interface achieved a comparable PCE of 13.86% as compared to those without such an interfacial layer.	What is the value of PCE?	17702
{ "text": [ "9.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.02.104	The device with AgNWs electrode shows a favorable PCE of 9.21%, with short-circuit current density of 19.74 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage of 1.02 V and fill factor of 0.45.	What is the value of PCE?	9033
{ "text": [ "14" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.012	Additionally, it can be observed that all the device TiO2 film thickness was maintained 14 ± 1 µm and the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs are about 8.5, 9.1, 9.7 and 8.6% for GO/TiO2, NiO/TiO2, NGE/NiO/TiO2, and TiO2 respectively.	What is TiO2?	49427
{ "text": [ "55%" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.06.007	In detail, at 20 nm the PCE increase is mainly ascribed to Voc (from 0.65 V to 0.79 V) and FF (from 55% to 66%) improvements, while at 68 nm the PCE increase is mainly contributed by Jsc improvement (from 3.71 mAcm−2 to 5.21 mAcm−2).	What is the value of FF?	51612
{ "text": [ "20.19%" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.04.039	As shown in (d), the NYES-30 device achieves a PCE of 20.19%, while the NYE-30 device and the N-30 device achieve PCEs of 19.32% and 17.84%, indicating 4.31% and 7.67% UC luminescence contribution brought by Sc3+ and by the three rare-earth ions of the total PCE, and 2.24% PCE enhancement induced by scattering effect.	What is the value of PCE?	880
{ "text": [ "0.77V" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.10.025	Under the same conditions, the GO/Yb (1:1) CE had a JSC of 17.67mA/cm2, VOC of 0.77V, FF of 0.42, and PCE of 5.69%, which was lower than that of the tested Pt CE.	What is the value of VOC?	24015
{ "text": [ "623 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }	10.1016/j.physe.2015.02.023	The corresponding Voc is also enhanced from 623 mV to 653 and 672 mV.	What is the value of Voc?	37008
{ "text": [ "49" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }	10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.08.011	However, the maximal absorption peaks for T0, WY5 and WY6 are red-shifted by 7, 47 and 49 nm from 392, 406 and 403 nm in the solution to 399, 453 and 452 nm on TiO2 films, respectively.	What is TiO2?	50106
{ "text": [ "0.641V" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.071	As seen in the data, the N3 based device co-sensitized with 0.2mM of dye A1 carrying barbituric acid showed improved VOC value of 0.641V than 0.618V of N3 sensitized device.	What is the value of VOC?	34611
{ "text": [ "55.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.045	There is an improvement in the fill factor (FF) from 55.8% to 62.0% due to the increased carrier mobility obtained by increasing the annealing temperature from 60 °C to 100 °C.	What is the value of FF?	3172
{ "text": [ "27.32 mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143646	QSDSC-0.50 reached the highest PCE (8.846%) among all the tested QSDSCs, with an increase of ~30% compared to that of QSDSC-0 that resulted mainly from the significant Jsc increase (from 20.07 to 27.32 mAcm−2), despite the Voc decrease (to 0.624V).	What is the value of Jsc?	42352
{ "text": [ "2.5mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.191	By introducing alkyl ester substituents at the C15 and C17 positions of the chlorin macrocycle of chlorin e6, the short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc), the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), and the solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells were improved from 2.5mAcm−2, 0.47V, and 0.9% to 6.6mAcm−2, 0.60V, and 2.9%, respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	48203
{ "text": [ "5.17%" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }	10.1039/C6TA11091F	The higher VOC (∼150 mV higher) and lower JSC in the cobalt-based electrolyte are attributed to the more positive redox potential and the mass transfer limit of the cobalt complex, respectively.Compared to the DCE4-based DSSC (5.17%), the DCE2-based DSSC provides a much higher η.	What is the value of η?	65513
{ "text": [ "10.85%" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }	10.1039/C5TA05026J	As a result, the 60 separate devices show an average PCE as high as 10.85% (Table 1).	What is the value of PCE?	14719
{ "text": [ "8.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }	10.1039/C8RA10014D	The results of the present study at low illumination intensity are sufficiently novel to report advancement over previous results, viz., power 649.6 μW, conversion efficiency 8.12%, and power storage capacity 59 minutes.The chemicals metanil yellow (70% assay-purity), formic acid (HCOOH), sodium lauryl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as the photo-sensitizer, reductant, surfactant, and alkaline medium, respectively.	What is the value of efficiency?	72311
{ "text": [ "3.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }	10.1039/C8TC03542C	The other organic dye, D21 L6, was slightly less performing with a VOC of 645 mV, JSC of 7.92 mA cm−2, FF of 0.59 and PCE of 3.05%; while the Ru-based dye proved to be poorly compatible with PEDOP yielding a device with a VOC of 440 mV, JSC of 1.97 mA cm−2, FF of 0.53 and PCE of 0.46%.Zhang et al.	What is the value of PCE?	70985
{ "text": [ "5.89%" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.160	With TiO2 photoanodes rinsed with DI water, η (Jsc) is 5.89% (11.68mA/cm2) and 6.57% (12.75mA/cm2) for the reference cell (No NaCl) and the DSSC (1wt% NaCl), respectively.	What is the value of η?	59518
{ "text": [ "17.83%" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.10.024	A more significant enhancement in Jsc was observed, leading to a higher PCE of 17.83%, with a Jsc of 23.35 mA/cm2, Voc of 1.04 V and FF of 0.737.	What is the value of PCE?	12082
{ "text": [ "20.8mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.128	Here, in , PSCs based on TDB-TiO2 ETL exhibit a PCE of 13.9% with Jsc of 20.8mAcm−2, Voc of 1.06V and FF of 63%.	What is the value of Jsc?	8736
{ "text": [ "14.91 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2012.01.035	With adoption of highly textured FTO, the JSC, power conversion efficiency and peak IPCE of DSSCs increased from (14.91 mA/cm2, 7.51%, 73.2%) of device D-FTO2%-Pt0°(200) (on FTO with haze = 2%) to (17.63 mA/cm2, 9.52%, 87.4%) of device D-FTO17%-Pt0°(200) (on FTO with haze = 17%).	What is the value of JSC?	58511
{ "text": [ "23.77mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.07.099	Results revealed that the performance of PSCs with double-layer mesoporous structure was better than that of the other mesoporous structures, especially PSC with the structure of mp-TiO2+Al2O3 obtained the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.97V and the current density (Jsc) of 23.77mAcm−2, respectively, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 11.3% because of the function of the mesoporous layer in separating TiO2 and carbon, thereby avoiding direct contact and reducing the leakage of the current.	What is the value of Jsc?	8923
{ "text": [ "20.5 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.008	Devices employing PDPP3T as HTL showed a high PCE of 12.3%, with a very high Jsc of 20.5 mA/cm2, a Voc of 0.98 V and a FF of 61.2%.	What is the value of Jsc?	9156
{ "text": [ "2.37%" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }	10.1039/C6RA08530J	TC3 showed a higher short-circuit current (JSC = 9.03 mA cm−2) and overall power conversion efficiency (η = 4.08%) than TC4 (η = 2.37%).This is due to the addition of a bulky MTPA unit, which increases the donor ability of the carbazole group and reduces dye aggregation at the TiO2 interface.	What is the value of η?	69710
{ "text": [ "12.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }	10.1039/C6TA06987H	It was noticed that devices with longer alkyloxy chains in HTM 36 had lower photovoltaic properties than devices with methoxy chains terminated on HTM 33; albeit, devices based on doped HTM 36 still achieved a moderate photocurrent of 18.6 mA cm−2, a VOC of 0.98 V, and an FF of 67.2%, leading to a PCE of 12.6%.	What is the value of PCE?	13109
{ "text": [ "500" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2017.07.047	Therefore, by controlling the solution concentration and growth time, the length of the ZnO NRs was optimized to 500nm to reach the highest performance of solar cell.	What is ?	4167
{ "text": [ "17.09 mA·cm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.008	In J-V measurements, the Co3O4@f-MWCNTs@N-RGO based cell has achieved the “Short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) is 17.09 mA·cm−2”, “Open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.75 V”, “Fill-factor (FF) is 65.7%” and PCE of DSSCs is 8.42%, which is comparable to the Pt cells photovoltaic characteristic of DSSCs used as reference: “Short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) is 15.22 mA·cm−2”, “Open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.77 V”, “Fill-factor (FF) is 66.6 %” and PCE of DSSCs is 7.81%.	What is the value of Jsc?	29704
{ "text": [ "11.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }	10.1039/C4CC01962H	The PCE of Device A is up to 11.7%, with a Jsc of 17.2 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.04 V, and a FF of 0.65, which is the highest efficiency for CH3NH3PbI3−xClxvia the solution process containing a mesoporous TiO2 layer based on our knowledge, much higher than that of 7.6% obtained via the spin-coating process with the mesoporous TiO2 layer as reported listed in Table 1.	What is the value of PCE?	16343
{ "text": [ "9.20%" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }	10.1039/C5EE02641E	The optimized ternary solar cells achieve a PCE as high as 9.20% by incorporating 20 wt% PID2 into the PTB7-Th:PC71BM matrix without further device engineering.	What is the value of PCE?	15102
{ "text": [ "I−/I3−" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }	10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.098	According to the matched curves of the middle semicircle, we can calculate the charge transfer resistance of the redox reaction of I−/I3− at the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface (Rct2).(b), the electron lifetime (τ) could be estimated from the following Where π is constant and fmax is the peak frequency of the largest phase angle at intermediate frequencies.The calculating results of charge transfer resistance (Rct2) and the electron lifetime (τ) were listed in .	What is redox reaction?	37915
{ "text": [ "Al" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.010	Herein, we observe the photovoltaic parameters of a Voc of 0.82V, a Jsc of 14.01mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.46, corresponding to a PCE of 5.28% for the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.85V, a JSC of 18.16mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.42, corresponding to a PCE of 6.46% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.84V, a JSC of 19.00mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.47, corresponding to a PCE of 7.55% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 with MA vapor-assisted/C60/BCP/Al device.	What is ITO?	11952
{ "text": [ "4.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }	10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.044	As a result, the DSSCs based on the X69 sensitizer showed a PCE of 4.21% with high JSC, which is higher than that of X66 (1.65%), X67 (3.67%) and X68 (3.24%).	What is the value of PCE?	24992
{ "text": [ "120 s" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }	10.1039/C5TA08262E	In the second step, MAI solution was dropped on the PbI2 film, a loading time varying from 0 s to 120 s was carefully controlled before spinning.	What is the value of time?	23137
{ "text": [ "0.25cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }	10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.052	The active area of the DSSC device was 0.25cm2.To a solution of tris(4-bromophenyl)amine (200mg, 0.415mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (24mg, 5mol%) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (20mL) was added 1.2equiv.	What is the value of active area?	36721
{ "text": [ "SnO2" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }	10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.026	The chemical effects between the acidic SnO2 NFs and electrolyte improved the performance of the DSSCs.	What is ?	55296
{ "text": [ "11.34±0.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.161	It shows that the PCE of the devices based on MAPbI3, MAPbI3:ZnAc2 and MAPbI3:NH4Ac film are mainly scattered in the range of 9.79±1.32%, 11.34±0.96%, 13.15±0.73%,respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	8034
{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }	10.1016/j.optmat.2018.09.026	Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with configuration FTO/TiO2/N3-dye/GPE/Pt/FTO have been fabricated and tested under white light of intensity 100mWcm−2.	What is the value of solar?	57899
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2016.06.044	Further increasing the perovskite film thickness on FTO substrate will further increase photo current as well as PCE of FTO based compact-layer free solar cell device, which means FTO may be a better choice for compact-layer free perovskite solar cell.Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at The cross-section SEM images of ITO/CH3NH3PbI3, AZO/CH3NH3PbI3 and FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films.	What is perovskite?	10569
{ "text": [ "7.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.061	In this research work, the deposition of an Al2O3 layer can improve the PCE from 7.44% to 7.96%.	What is the value of PCE?	44361
{ "text": [ "17.85mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 331 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.078	This spectral response-to-current generation is pivotal in the present case for the reason that surface plasmon behaviour in the silver nanoparticle-incorporated system is wavelength-dependant.As explained earlier, the DSSC with 7wt% of Ag incorporation (SNA7) showed a reduced value of conversion efficiency of 4.47% and a Jsc of 17.85mA/cm2.	What is the value of Jsc?	41074
{ "text": [ "15.90%" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.068	The best photovoltaic parameters achieved at nD=10mM are 15.77/15.90% PCE, 20.13/20.59mAcm−2 Jsc, 1.01/1.00V Voc, and 77.53/77.21% FF for forward/reverse scans, as summarized in .	What is the value of PCE?	8407
{ "text": [ "1.10 V" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }	10.1039/C9TA02389E	However, reference device E with an opaque Ag (100 nm) electrode and PEAI-treated perovskite layer achieved a PCE of 21.34% with a VOC of 1.10 V, JSC of 24.22 mA cm−2, and FF of 80.44%.	What is the value of VOC?	14276
{ "text": [ "0.61 V" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }	10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.013	For JK-14: Jsc=6.58 mA cm−2; Voc=0.61 V; ff=0.73) was obtained ().	What is the value of Voc?	32267
{ "text": [ "74.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.029	While incorporating 5vol % AMH into PEDOT:PSS as the HTL, the average VOC, JSC and FF are increased to 0.910V, 21.68mA/cm2 and 74.06%, respectively.	What is the value of FF?	11860
{ "text": [ "18.93%" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }	10.1039/C9TA01319A	The champion device with Cl-FACl shows a PCE up to 20.36% with negligible hysteresis, while the control devices show a champion PCE of 18.93% with a larger hysteresis.	What is the value of PCE?	20554
{ "text": [ "14.75mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.112	Consequently, PEDOT:PSS with 200mg TiO2 NPs counter electrode has the best cell performance of 0.72V of VOC, 16.39mAcm−2 of JSC, 0.72 of FF, and 8.27% of efficiency, better than 0.73V of VOC, 14.75mAcm−2 of JSC, 0.71 of FF, and 7.59% of efficiency for a DSC with Pt.Finally, we evaluated the stability of three kinds of DSCs based on Pt, PEDOT:PSS, and PEDOT:PSS-TiO2 NP counter electrodes and their efficiencies were normalized by their initial efficiencies.	What is the value of JSC?	59079
{ "text": [ "CZTS 3 h" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }	10.1039/C5GC02814K	For the CZTS 3 h CE, the corresponding RCt value is 6.64 Ω cm−2, which is comparable to that of the Pt CE.	What is CE?	72508
{ "text": [ "13.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.025	The PCE decreases from 13.66% to 11.44% when the precursor concentration is increased from 1.45 M to 1.65 M.	What is the value of PCE?	11488
{ "text": [ "7.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2016.12.032	The solar cells exhibited the best PCEs of ~7.76%, ~13.54% and average PCEs of ~6.59% and ~11.51% for the films prepared at 80 °C and 110 °C, respectively, and the statistical charts of PCEs of twenty cells corresponding to different devices are shown in .	What is the value of PCE?	51
{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.010	The second one represents the Nernst diffusion impedance (ZN) in bulk electrolyte, deriving from mass transport limitation due to the diffusion of I3−/I− redox couple in the electrolyte .	What is redox couple?	23816
{ "text": [ "518 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }	10.1039/C3TA10320J	The open circuit voltages (Voc) have been found to be 576, 548, and 518 mV for DSSCs based on TiO2 nanopopcorns on the Ti foil grown at the VR(H2O2:HF:H2O) of 1:1:1000, 1:2.5:1000, and 2.5:1:1000, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	68987
{ "text": [ "1.1 V" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }	10.1039/C5EE01050K	The semi-transparent planar sandwich cell exhibited values of 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 74% FF, and 15.7% η for the forward scan condition and 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 75% FF, and 15.9% η for the reverse scan condition, thereby showing a 15.8% ηavg (see the detailed deviation of Jsc, Voc, FF and ηavg in Fig.	What is the value of Voc?	18451
{ "text": [ "6.94%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.218	The maximal Jsc of 14.72mAcm−2 and PCE of 6.94% are obtained in the optimal DSSC with 10wt% TNT-Au, significantly higher than those of the DSSC with pure TiO2 photoanode by 24.3% and 21.8%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	45655
{ "text": [ "3.33%" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }	10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.09.039	As the photovoltaic performance tests demonstrated, the ID1 exhibits broader absorption spectra, higher maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (η) of 3.33% under 100 mW/cm2 simulated AM 1.5G solar irradiation.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were first reported by O’Regan and Grätzel in 1991 Many metal-free organic dyes have been used in DSSC, such as, coumarin dyes Considering the electron donors, acceptor/anchoring groups and the alkyl groups play a crucial role in determining the overall conversion efficiency, three organic sensitizers constructed from different moieties (triphenylamine with alkoxy chain for ID1, isoindigo with one anchor group for ID2 and two for ID3) were applied in DSSCs.	What is the value of η?	51119
{ "text": [ "1.82%" ], "answer_start": [ 291 ] }	10.1016/j.cplett.2017.11.035	The ionic liguid comprising propyl substituted imidazolium iodine salt exhibited a Jsc of 14.41mA cm−2, Voc of 650mV, FF of 0.53 and yielded an overall power conversion efficiency of 4.96%.The corresponding device parameters (Voc, Jsc, FF and η) are obtained as 8.95mA cm−2, 550mV, 0.37 and 1.82% for device 5, respectively.	What is the value of η?	37132
{ "text": [ "0.76V" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.092	As summarized in , Voc is significantly improved from 0.72V to 0.76V by the introduction of single Al2O3 overcoat (Al).	What is the value of Voc?	38565
{ "text": [ "13.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.029	The device based on B2F exhibited a high PCE of 15.0%, which was more than 15% increase compared to those based on B2T (PCE of 13.0%).	What is the value of PCE?	1472
{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.036	The treated film exhibits a smoother and more continuous surface without remarkable deep valley, the SEM and AFM results reveal that the grain boundaries are reduced and the ability of charge transport is improved with the help of GuaI ((a), the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite films with and without the treatment of GuaI is tested by fabricating planar heterojunction PSCs (device structure: indiumtin oxide (ITO)/SnO2/perovskite /spiro-OMeTAD/Au) and measuring the current density-voltage (J-V) curves under simulated AM 1.5G illumination at 100mW/cm2.	What is the value of illumination?	8141
{ "text": [ "13.41±2.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2017.03.005	The perovskite solar cells based on the TiO2 nanorod array and 560 nm-thickness CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx absorber layer exhibited the best photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.93% and the average PCE of 13.41±2.52%, while the corresponding planar perovskite solar cells without the TiO2 nanorod array and with 530 nm-thickness CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx absorber layer gave the best PCE of 12.82% and the average PCE of 10.54±2.28% at the relative humidity of 50–54%.Over the last decades, TiO2 nanorod arrays have been widely applied as one of the efficient charge separation and electron transporting materials in the fields of dye-sensitized solar cells In this work, the TiO2 nanorod arrays with the length of 70 nm, the diameter of 20 nm, and the areal density of 1000 µm−2 were prepared by the hydrothermal method using the aqueous grown solution of 38 mM titanium isopropoxide and 6 M hydrochloric acid at 170 °C for 60 min.	What is the value of PCE?	10129
{ "text": [ "0.664 V" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }	10.1039/C8NJ00847G	Among these, the carbazole donor group based sensitizer, R3, exhibited excellent photocurrent efficiency (η = 4.40%, Jsc = 9.91 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.678 V, FF = 63%) compared to R1 (η = 3.51%, Jsc = 8.44 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.670 V, FF = 62%) and R2 (η = 3.92%, Jsc = 9.24 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.664 V, FF = 63%) based devices.	What is the value of Voc?	73784
{ "text": [ "0.93 V" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }	10.1039/C7RA04611A	2c and Table 1, PSC devices based pristine PCPDTBT show an maximum overall efficiency of only 9.2%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.93 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.9 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 0.62, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	15689
{ "text": [ "I−/I3−" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.075	The CV measurement involving the I−/I3− redox reaction on the PProDOT-Et2 electrode showed no major difference, compared to that of the sputtered-Pt electrode.	What is redox reaction?	47434
{ "text": [ "70.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.098	The 0.2M Ru-TiO2 champion device shows JSC=21.81 mAcm−2, VOC of 1.109V, and FF=70.51%, yielding PCE=16.95%.	What is the value of FF?	6126
{ "text": [ "40%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }	10.1039/C6RA17879K	S5.On the other hand, the fill factor (FF) of CuO nanomaterials based p-DSSC is higher (above 40%) than that of NiO (around 30–35%) (Table 2).	What is the value of FF?	73580
{ "text": [ "17.01" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }	10.1039/C5TA09661H	Early in 2014, the PCEs of PSCs were further increased to 16.2% and 16.7% by using the spiro-OMeTAD derivatives as the HTM, which subsequently grew to 17.01% via controlling the size of the MAPbI3 cuboids.	What is ?	16897
{ "text": [ "∼30" ], "answer_start": [ 384 ] }	10.1039/C3EE24125D	Despite this disadvantage caused by etching treatment, higher efficiencies were achieved by DSCs based on the etched rutile TiO2 NRAs compared to DSC-0, implying that further improvement can be highly expected by suppressing the electron recombination process.In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that single-crystalline rutile TiO2 NRAs with a film thickness of up to ∼30 μm can be successfully prepared on the FTO substrate through a one-pot hydrothermal method.	What is TiO2?	60005
{ "text": [ "6.49%" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }	10.1039/C4RA16493H	30) containing an additional phenyl group between the diarylamine donor and the diphenylquinoxaline π-spacer to achieve an η of 6.49%.	What is the value of η?	72821
{ "text": [ "Pt" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.020	The DSSCs with the Ni 15% CE achieved the highest η of 5.50% with Voc= 0.649 and Jsc= 12.12 mA cm−2, which is higher than that of a CoS2, NiS CEs and nearly the same as that of DSSC with conventional Pt as its CE (5.12%).	What is CEs?	40354
{ "text": [ "I−/I3-" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.10.008	The cells were filled (by vacuum backfilling method) with a commercial liquid electrolyte (Iodolyte AN-50, Solaronix SA) containing the I−/I3- redox couple ([I2]=50mM) in ACN solution.For ultrafast transient absorption experiments a commercial femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectrometer (Helios, Ultrafast Systems) was used in a single-beam configuration, with all reflective white light continuum generator and depolarizer in the pump beam to avoid influence of rotational dynamics.	What is redox couple?	46188
{ "text": [ "954 ± 8 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }	10.1039/C5NR08344C	Additionally, the integrated photocurrent densities of the PSCs prepared at 90/90, 120/120 and 130/120 °C are 12.19, 18.52 and 20.02 mA cm−2, respectively, and they are consistent with the J–V results.For PSCs prepared at 90/90, 100/100, 110/110, 120/120 and 130/130 °C, the variation of Voc with temperature is approximately consistent with that of Jsc; Voc increases with the temperature increasing and reaches the maximum value of 954 ± 8 mV at 120/120 °C.	What is the value of Voc?	20567
{ "text": [ "4.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }	10.1039/C4DT03102D	On the other hand, the performance of the TZ3C and TZ4C electrodes was much lower than that with the TZ2C (η = 4.15% and Jsc = 8.10 mA cm−2 for TZ3C and η = 2.96% and Jsc = 5.87 mA cm−2 for TZ3C).	What is the value of η?	75350
{ "text": [ "2.97%" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }	10.1039/C1EE01873F	If PEDOT:PSS was used as an ABL, the ZnO CBL-based inverted solar cells with a ITO cathode and Ag anode showed a PCE of 3.5%, which is larger than that of the corresponding inverted solar cells without an ABL (PCE 2.97%).By replacing the Ag anode with an Au anode or an ITO cathode with an FTO cathode, all the fabricated solar cells exhibited lower PCEs.	What is the value of PCE?	61984
{ "text": [ "8.69%" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }	10.1039/C8TA00968F	also reported that the DSSC with a MoSe2 CE shows an η of 9.00%, which is higher than that of the cell with a MoS2 CE (8.69%).	What is the value of η?	72200
{ "text": [ "6.82%" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.208	Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MoS2@RGO CE reached 6.82%, which is higher than that of Pt CE (6.44%).	What is the value of PCE?	50371
{ "text": [ "4.11%" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }	10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.052	Under the same conditions, the TPA-T2 sensitized cell exhibited a Jsc of 8.38–10.79mAcm−2, Voc of 0.61–0.65V and FF of 0.55–0.59, corresponding to an η of 2.68–4.11%.	What is the value of η?	36731
{ "text": [ "0.78V" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2019.03.022	Whereas, device in which film is annealed by hot plate gives 10.92% PCE, 20.69 mA/cm2Jsc, 0.78V Voc and 67.22% fill factor.	What is the value of Voc?	3578
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }	10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.012	Therefore, optimum conditions of fabricating a working electrode of TiO2 (P-25)/Ni-doped TiO2 particles are worthy of continued study, and it can be accomplished through the assistance of these constructed chemical-photo-electricity diagrams.	What is ?	40272
{ "text": [ "0.85V" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.010	Herein, we observe the photovoltaic parameters of a Voc of 0.82V, a Jsc of 14.01mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.46, corresponding to a PCE of 5.28% for the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.85V, a JSC of 18.16mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.42, corresponding to a PCE of 6.46% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.84V, a JSC of 19.00mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.47, corresponding to a PCE of 7.55% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 with MA vapor-assisted/C60/BCP/Al device.	What is the value of Voc?	11955
{ "text": [ "8.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }	10.1039/C5TA06382E	In the case of the cell with Pt/FTO, a good η of 8.07% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 15.71 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72 is obtained due to the outstanding electro-catalytic ability of Pt.The J–V curves for the cells with the CEs on the CC substrates, including PPy:PCL/CC, PEDOT:PSS/CC, s-PT/CC, and Pt/CC, are shown in Fig.	What is the value of η?	68973
{ "text": [ "1.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }	10.1039/C4RA03949A	Notably, devices with photoanodes comprising HM-SnO2 spheres on a multi-functional om-SnO2 IF layer had a Voc of 0.56 V, Jsc of 10.7 mA cm−2, and FF of 0.57, resulting in an η of 3.4%, which is much higher than the η of the NP-SnO2 sphere system (1.9%).	What is the value of η?	70001
{ "text": [ "1.00V" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.037	The device based on P-Perovskite exhibits reverse short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of 15.20mAcm−2, 1.00V and 0.64, respectively, with a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.73%.	What is the value of VOC?	5891
{ "text": [ "15.45%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104036	The average PCE of FA0.1-based P-PSC improves from 12.72% to 15.45%, including a champion device having 16.50% obtained from backward scan.	What is the value of PCE?	2983
{ "text": [ "1.1 V" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025	Whereas a device with both ETL and HTM selective contacts showed a PCE~9.1%, PSCs employing either an ETL or HTM only showed a PCE of 1.8% and 5%, respectively An improved hole extraction efficiency at HTM/perovskite interface is directly reflected in improvement in PV performance, particularly, the VOC and the FF One of the remarkable feature of PSCs is their high output voltage; the VOC is ~1.1 V and ~1.61 V for CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3, respectively, which accounts for EG−qVOC~0.45 V and ~0.7 V respectively ().	What is the value of VOC?	2414
{ "text": [ "0.25%" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.055	It can be seen that no I2 is introduced, the PCE of Device A (0.25%) is low.	What is the value of PCE?	33288
{ "text": [ "4.69%" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }	10.1039/C4SC00814F	The device fabricated without HTM shows PCE of only 4.69%, which confirms that an HTM must be an integral component of the device for obtaining high PCE.	What is the value of PCE?	15079
{ "text": [ "3.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1016/j.cap.2011.04.028	The DSSCs with a MWNTs counter electrode has shown an Eff of 3.0%, whereas that of a graphene counter electrode is only 1%.	What is the value of Eff?	36198
{ "text": [ "7.41 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.058	It can be seen that the maximum conversion efficiency, fill factor (FF) and Jsc values of Al–10Si alloy counter electrode substrate-based DSSCs were significantly lower than the other DSSCs, η= 1.98%, FF = 39.1%, and Jsc= 7.41 mA/cm2 respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	33807
{ "text": [ "5.32%" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }	10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.11.062	The significantly increased short-circuit current density (Jsc, 10.75mAcm−2) of the DSSCs with PVdF-co-HFP:SCLCP-based polymer electrolytes afforded a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.32% and a fill factor (FF) of 0.64 under standard light intensity of 100mWcm−2 irradiation of AM 1.5 sunlight.The conversion of solar to electrical energy has become important due to the crisis in conventional energy sources.	What is the value of PCE?	45533
{ "text": [ "6.05 Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }	10.1039/C6RA27211H	Similarly, the Rs increased from 4.85 Ω to 6.85 Ω, and then decreased to 6.05 Ω for PVW-20.	What is the value of Rs?	67729
{ "text": [ "0.63 V" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }	10.1039/C4RA00985A	The PCE values were of 3.61% (Jsc = 8.82 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.63 V, and FF = 0.65) and 4.46% (Jsc = 9.94 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.66 V, and FF = 0.68), respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	75068
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }	10.1039/C1JM12071A	Finally, the hole was also sealed with the Surlyn film.A compact TiO2 layer (TiO2 underlayer) was firstly deposited onto the FTO substrate by spray pyrolysis, and then TiO2 particles (Dyesol, 18 NR-T) were deposited by doctor-blading method to obtain a ∼2.2 μm thick mesoporous film including the TiO2 underlayer.	What is substrate?	74487
{ "text": [ "0.96V" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.191	Compared with NiO-PSC, the performance of reference PSC is worse, current density (Jsc) is 19.27mAcm-2, output potential difference (Voc) is 0.96V, FF is 0.55, PCE is 10.5%.	What is the value of Voc?	3505
{ "text": [ "2.04 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }	10.1016/j.photonics.2015.01.007	As for the TiO2 electrode with successive adsorption of monascus and gardenia yellow dyes, the solar cell yields a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.04 mA/cm2, a photovoltage (Voc) of 0.63 V, and a fill factor of 0.64, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.82%.Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is comprised of an adsorbed dye, a nanoporous semiconductor electrode-adsorbed dye, an electrolyte, and a counter electrode To this end, the adsorption characteristics from electron harvesting point of view and electrochemical properties from electron transfer point of view using gardenia yellow dissolved in water and monoscus dissolved in DMSO, mixtures thereof, or successive adsorptions of both dyes were investigated.	What is the value of Jsc?	29129
{ "text": [ "300–800" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }	10.1039/C3CE41648H	Also, a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimazu UV-2550) was employed to obtain the absorption spectra of the photoanodes within the range of 300–800 nm.	What is photoanodes?	74564
{ "text": [ "∼25" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.099	As shown in a, the surfaces of bare TiO2 films have their characteristics in terms of certain roughness, multiple level sized pores and particle agglomerations in size of ∼25 nm.	What is TiO2?	34232
{ "text": [ "5.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }	10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.077	Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the power conversion efficiencies (η) of the cells sensitized with TC, TP, and TT were 3.63%, 4.84%, and 5.12%, respectively, which were higher than that sensitized with T(2.79%), illustrating that the introduction of branched conjugatedarms would improve the conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs.	What is the value of η?	54645
{ "text": [ "8.21±0.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.019	Thus, the cell with MOF-525/s-PT-3 exhibited the highest η of 8.91±0.02%, which is better than that of the cell with traditional Pt (8.21±0.02%).	What is the value of η?	28281
{ "text": [ "703mV" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.143	Under the same condition, the quasi-solid-state DSSCs based on sensitizer FNE58 provided a Jsc of 9.08mAcm−2, a Voc of 628mV, and an FF of 0.70, corresponding to a PCE of 3.99%, while FNE59 based quasi-solid-state DSSC gave a Jsc of 12.06mAcm−2, a Voc of 703mV, and an FF of 0.71, corresponding to a PCE of 6.02%.	What is the value of Voc?	54572

{ "text": [ "6.92 ± 0.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }

10.1039/B925245B

The short-circuit current density (JSC) of the DSSC with Pt-CE is 14.62 ± 0.19 mA cm−2, and its power-conversion efficiency (η) is 6.92 ± 0.07%.

What is the value of η?

67926

{ "text": [ "0.711V" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }

10.1016/j.diamond.2019.03.009

The DSSC-based on Gr/PANI counter electrode has shown 10.683mA/cm2 short circuit current density (Jsc), 0.473 fill factor (FF), 0.711V open circuit voltage (Voc) resultantly, 3.589% photoconversion efficiency (PCE).

What is the value of Voc?

53558

{ "text": [ "0.70 V" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }

10.1039/C9CP02439E

The dye HD-2–DCA resulted in a Voc of 0.66 V, the dye HD-2–LTz-1 resulted in a Voc of 0.70 V, the dye HD-2–LTz-2 resulted in a Voc of 0.68 V and the dye HD-2–LTz-3 resulted in a Voc of 0.67 V.The use of LTz-3 as a co-adsorbent was shown to be more efficient.

What is the value of Voc?

61169

{ "text": [ "13.86%" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }

10.1039/C8TA02288G

The devices with the optimized 2D perovskite interface achieved a comparable PCE of 13.86% as compared to those without such an interfacial layer.

What is the value of PCE?

17702

{ "text": [ "9.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.02.104

The device with AgNWs electrode shows a favorable PCE of 9.21%, with short-circuit current density of 19.74 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage of 1.02 V and fill factor of 0.45.

What is the value of PCE?

9033

{ "text": [ "14" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.012

Additionally, it can be observed that all the device TiO2 film thickness was maintained 14 ± 1 µm and the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs are about 8.5, 9.1, 9.7 and 8.6% for GO/TiO2, NiO/TiO2, NGE/NiO/TiO2, and TiO2 respectively.

What is TiO2?

49427

{ "text": [ "55%" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.06.007

In detail, at 20 nm the PCE increase is mainly ascribed to Voc (from 0.65 V to 0.79 V) and FF (from 55% to 66%) improvements, while at 68 nm the PCE increase is mainly contributed by Jsc improvement (from 3.71 mAcm−2 to 5.21 mAcm−2).

What is the value of FF?

51612

{ "text": [ "20.19%" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.04.039

As shown in (d), the NYES-30 device achieves a PCE of 20.19%, while the NYE-30 device and the N-30 device achieve PCEs of 19.32% and 17.84%, indicating 4.31% and 7.67% UC luminescence contribution brought by Sc3+ and by the three rare-earth ions of the total PCE, and 2.24% PCE enhancement induced by scattering effect.

What is the value of PCE?

880

{ "text": [ "0.77V" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.10.025

Under the same conditions, the GO/Yb (1:1) CE had a JSC of 17.67mA/cm2, VOC of 0.77V, FF of 0.42, and PCE of 5.69%, which was lower than that of the tested Pt CE.

What is the value of VOC?

24015

{ "text": [ "623 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }

10.1016/j.physe.2015.02.023

The corresponding Voc is also enhanced from 623 mV to 653 and 672 mV.

What is the value of Voc?

37008

{ "text": [ "49" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }

10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.08.011

However, the maximal absorption peaks for T0, WY5 and WY6 are red-shifted by 7, 47 and 49 nm from 392, 406 and 403 nm in the solution to 399, 453 and 452 nm on TiO2 films, respectively.

What is TiO2?

50106

{ "text": [ "0.641V" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.071

As seen in the data, the N3 based device co-sensitized with 0.2mM of dye A1 carrying barbituric acid showed improved VOC value of 0.641V than 0.618V of N3 sensitized device.

What is the value of VOC?

34611

{ "text": [ "55.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.045

There is an improvement in the fill factor (FF) from 55.8% to 62.0% due to the increased carrier mobility obtained by increasing the annealing temperature from 60 °C to 100 °C.

What is the value of FF?

3172

{ "text": [ "27.32 mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143646

QSDSC-0.50 reached the highest PCE (8.846%) among all the tested QSDSCs, with an increase of ~30% compared to that of QSDSC-0 that resulted mainly from the significant Jsc increase (from 20.07 to 27.32 mAcm−2), despite the Voc decrease (to 0.624V).

What is the value of Jsc?

42352

{ "text": [ "2.5mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.191

By introducing alkyl ester substituents at the C15 and C17 positions of the chlorin macrocycle of chlorin e6, the short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc), the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc), and the solar energy-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells were improved from 2.5mAcm−2, 0.47V, and 0.9% to 6.6mAcm−2, 0.60V, and 2.9%, respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

48203

{ "text": [ "5.17%" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }

10.1039/C6TA11091F

The higher VOC (∼150 mV higher) and lower JSC in the cobalt-based electrolyte are attributed to the more positive redox potential and the mass transfer limit of the cobalt complex, respectively.Compared to the DCE4-based DSSC (5.17%), the DCE2-based DSSC provides a much higher η.

What is the value of η?

65513

{ "text": [ "10.85%" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }

10.1039/C5TA05026J

As a result, the 60 separate devices show an average PCE as high as 10.85% (Table 1).

What is the value of PCE?

14719

{ "text": [ "8.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }

10.1039/C8RA10014D

The results of the present study at low illumination intensity are sufficiently novel to report advancement over previous results, viz., power 649.6 μW, conversion efficiency 8.12%, and power storage capacity 59 minutes.The chemicals metanil yellow (70% assay-purity), formic acid (HCOOH), sodium lauryl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as the photo-sensitizer, reductant, surfactant, and alkaline medium, respectively.

What is the value of efficiency?

72311

{ "text": [ "3.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }

10.1039/C8TC03542C

The other organic dye, D21 L6, was slightly less performing with a VOC of 645 mV, JSC of 7.92 mA cm−2, FF of 0.59 and PCE of 3.05%; while the Ru-based dye proved to be poorly compatible with PEDOP yielding a device with a VOC of 440 mV, JSC of 1.97 mA cm−2, FF of 0.53 and PCE of 0.46%.Zhang et al.

What is the value of PCE?

70985

{ "text": [ "5.89%" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.160

With TiO2 photoanodes rinsed with DI water, η (Jsc) is 5.89% (11.68mA/cm2) and 6.57% (12.75mA/cm2) for the reference cell (No NaCl) and the DSSC (1wt% NaCl), respectively.

What is the value of η?

59518

{ "text": [ "17.83%" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.10.024

A more significant enhancement in Jsc was observed, leading to a higher PCE of 17.83%, with a Jsc of 23.35 mA/cm2, Voc of 1.04 V and FF of 0.737.

What is the value of PCE?

12082

{ "text": [ "20.8mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.128

Here, in , PSCs based on TDB-TiO2 ETL exhibit a PCE of 13.9% with Jsc of 20.8mAcm−2, Voc of 1.06V and FF of 63%.

What is the value of Jsc?

8736

{ "text": [ "14.91 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2012.01.035

With adoption of highly textured FTO, the JSC, power conversion efficiency and peak IPCE of DSSCs increased from (14.91 mA/cm2, 7.51%, 73.2%) of device D-FTO2%-Pt0°(200) (on FTO with haze = 2%) to (17.63 mA/cm2, 9.52%, 87.4%) of device D-FTO17%-Pt0°(200) (on FTO with haze = 17%).

What is the value of JSC?

58511

{ "text": [ "23.77mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.07.099

Results revealed that the performance of PSCs with double-layer mesoporous structure was better than that of the other mesoporous structures, especially PSC with the structure of mp-TiO2+Al2O3 obtained the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.97V and the current density (Jsc) of 23.77mAcm−2, respectively, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 11.3% because of the function of the mesoporous layer in separating TiO2 and carbon, thereby avoiding direct contact and reducing the leakage of the current.

What is the value of Jsc?

8923

{ "text": [ "20.5 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.008

Devices employing PDPP3T as HTL showed a high PCE of 12.3%, with a very high Jsc of 20.5 mA/cm2, a Voc of 0.98 V and a FF of 61.2%.

What is the value of Jsc?

9156

{ "text": [ "2.37%" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }

10.1039/C6RA08530J

TC3 showed a higher short-circuit current (JSC = 9.03 mA cm−2) and overall power conversion efficiency (η = 4.08%) than TC4 (η = 2.37%).This is due to the addition of a bulky MTPA unit, which increases the donor ability of the carbazole group and reduces dye aggregation at the TiO2 interface.

What is the value of η?

69710

{ "text": [ "12.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }

10.1039/C6TA06987H

It was noticed that devices with longer alkyloxy chains in HTM 36 had lower photovoltaic properties than devices with methoxy chains terminated on HTM 33; albeit, devices based on doped HTM 36 still achieved a moderate photocurrent of 18.6 mA cm−2, a VOC of 0.98 V, and an FF of 67.2%, leading to a PCE of 12.6%.

What is the value of PCE?

13109

{ "text": [ "500" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2017.07.047

Therefore, by controlling the solution concentration and growth time, the length of the ZnO NRs was optimized to 500nm to reach the highest performance of solar cell.

What is ?

4167

{ "text": [ "17.09 mA·cm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.008

In J-V measurements, the Co3O4@f-MWCNTs@N-RGO based cell has achieved the “Short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) is 17.09 mA·cm−2”, “Open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.75 V”, “Fill-factor (FF) is 65.7%” and PCE of DSSCs is 8.42%, which is comparable to the Pt cells photovoltaic characteristic of DSSCs used as reference: “Short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) is 15.22 mA·cm−2”, “Open-circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.77 V”, “Fill-factor (FF) is 66.6 %” and PCE of DSSCs is 7.81%.

What is the value of Jsc?

29704

{ "text": [ "11.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }

10.1039/C4CC01962H

The PCE of Device A is up to 11.7%, with a Jsc of 17.2 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.04 V, and a FF of 0.65, which is the highest efficiency for CH3NH3PbI3−xClxvia the solution process containing a mesoporous TiO2 layer based on our knowledge, much higher than that of 7.6% obtained via the spin-coating process with the mesoporous TiO2 layer as reported listed in Table 1.

What is the value of PCE?

16343

{ "text": [ "9.20%" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }

10.1039/C5EE02641E

The optimized ternary solar cells achieve a PCE as high as 9.20% by incorporating 20 wt% PID2 into the PTB7-Th:PC71BM matrix without further device engineering.

What is the value of PCE?

15102

{ "text": [ "I−/I3−" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }

10.1016/j.matdes.2016.09.098

According to the matched curves of the middle semicircle, we can calculate the charge transfer resistance of the redox reaction of I−/I3− at the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface (Rct2).(b), the electron lifetime (τ) could be estimated from the following Where π is constant and fmax is the peak frequency of the largest phase angle at intermediate frequencies.The calculating results of charge transfer resistance (Rct2) and the electron lifetime (τ) were listed in .

What is redox reaction?

37915

{ "text": [ "Al" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.010

Herein, we observe the photovoltaic parameters of a Voc of 0.82V, a Jsc of 14.01mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.46, corresponding to a PCE of 5.28% for the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.85V, a JSC of 18.16mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.42, corresponding to a PCE of 6.46% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.84V, a JSC of 19.00mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.47, corresponding to a PCE of 7.55% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 with MA vapor-assisted/C60/BCP/Al device.

What is ITO?

11952

{ "text": [ "4.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }

10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.044

As a result, the DSSCs based on the X69 sensitizer showed a PCE of 4.21% with high JSC, which is higher than that of X66 (1.65%), X67 (3.67%) and X68 (3.24%).

What is the value of PCE?

24992

{ "text": [ "120 s" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }

10.1039/C5TA08262E

In the second step, MAI solution was dropped on the PbI2 film, a loading time varying from 0 s to 120 s was carefully controlled before spinning.

What is the value of time?

23137

{ "text": [ "0.25cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }

10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.052

The active area of the DSSC device was 0.25cm2.To a solution of tris(4-bromophenyl)amine (200mg, 0.415mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (24mg, 5mol%) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (20mL) was added 1.2equiv.

What is the value of active area?

36721

{ "text": [ "SnO2" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }

10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.026

The chemical effects between the acidic SnO2 NFs and electrolyte improved the performance of the DSSCs.

What is ?

55296

{ "text": [ "11.34±0.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.161

It shows that the PCE of the devices based on MAPbI3, MAPbI3:ZnAc2 and MAPbI3:NH4Ac film are mainly scattered in the range of 9.79±1.32%, 11.34±0.96%, 13.15±0.73%,respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

8034

{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }

10.1016/j.optmat.2018.09.026

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with configuration FTO/TiO2/N3-dye/GPE/Pt/FTO have been fabricated and tested under white light of intensity 100mWcm−2.

What is the value of solar?

57899

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2016.06.044

Further increasing the perovskite film thickness on FTO substrate will further increase photo current as well as PCE of FTO based compact-layer free solar cell device, which means FTO may be a better choice for compact-layer free perovskite solar cell.Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at The cross-section SEM images of ITO/CH3NH3PbI3, AZO/CH3NH3PbI3 and FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films.

What is perovskite?

10569

{ "text": [ "7.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.061

In this research work, the deposition of an Al2O3 layer can improve the PCE from 7.44% to 7.96%.

What is the value of PCE?

44361

{ "text": [ "17.85mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 331 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.078

This spectral response-to-current generation is pivotal in the present case for the reason that surface plasmon behaviour in the silver nanoparticle-incorporated system is wavelength-dependant.As explained earlier, the DSSC with 7wt% of Ag incorporation (SNA7) showed a reduced value of conversion efficiency of 4.47% and a Jsc of 17.85mA/cm2.

What is the value of Jsc?

41074

{ "text": [ "15.90%" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.068

The best photovoltaic parameters achieved at nD=10mM are 15.77/15.90% PCE, 20.13/20.59mAcm−2 Jsc, 1.01/1.00V Voc, and 77.53/77.21% FF for forward/reverse scans, as summarized in .

What is the value of PCE?

8407

{ "text": [ "1.10 V" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }

10.1039/C9TA02389E

However, reference device E with an opaque Ag (100 nm) electrode and PEAI-treated perovskite layer achieved a PCE of 21.34% with a VOC of 1.10 V, JSC of 24.22 mA cm−2, and FF of 80.44%.

What is the value of VOC?

14276

{ "text": [ "0.61 V" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }

10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.013

For JK-14: Jsc=6.58 mA cm−2; Voc=0.61 V; ff=0.73) was obtained ().

What is the value of Voc?

32267

{ "text": [ "74.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.029

While incorporating 5vol % AMH into PEDOT:PSS as the HTL, the average VOC, JSC and FF are increased to 0.910V, 21.68mA/cm2 and 74.06%, respectively.

What is the value of FF?

11860

{ "text": [ "18.93%" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }

10.1039/C9TA01319A

The champion device with Cl-FACl shows a PCE up to 20.36% with negligible hysteresis, while the control devices show a champion PCE of 18.93% with a larger hysteresis.

What is the value of PCE?

20554

{ "text": [ "14.75mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.12.112

Consequently, PEDOT:PSS with 200mg TiO2 NPs counter electrode has the best cell performance of 0.72V of VOC, 16.39mAcm−2 of JSC, 0.72 of FF, and 8.27% of efficiency, better than 0.73V of VOC, 14.75mAcm−2 of JSC, 0.71 of FF, and 7.59% of efficiency for a DSC with Pt.Finally, we evaluated the stability of three kinds of DSCs based on Pt, PEDOT:PSS, and PEDOT:PSS-TiO2 NP counter electrodes and their efficiencies were normalized by their initial efficiencies.

What is the value of JSC?

59079

{ "text": [ "CZTS 3 h" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }

10.1039/C5GC02814K

For the CZTS 3 h CE, the corresponding RCt value is 6.64 Ω cm−2, which is comparable to that of the Pt CE.

What is CE?

72508

{ "text": [ "13.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2016.10.025

The PCE decreases from 13.66% to 11.44% when the precursor concentration is increased from 1.45 M to 1.65 M.

What is the value of PCE?

11488

{ "text": [ "7.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2016.12.032

The solar cells exhibited the best PCEs of ~7.76%, ~13.54% and average PCEs of ~6.59% and ~11.51% for the films prepared at 80 °C and 110 °C, respectively, and the statistical charts of PCEs of twenty cells corresponding to different devices are shown in .

What is the value of PCE?

51

{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.010

The second one represents the Nernst diffusion impedance (ZN) in bulk electrolyte, deriving from mass transport limitation due to the diffusion of I3−/I− redox couple in the electrolyte .

What is redox couple?

23816

{ "text": [ "518 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }

10.1039/C3TA10320J

The open circuit voltages (Voc) have been found to be 576, 548, and 518 mV for DSSCs based on TiO2 nanopopcorns on the Ti foil grown at the VR(H2O2:HF:H2O) of 1:1:1000, 1:2.5:1000, and 2.5:1:1000, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

68987

{ "text": [ "1.1 V" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }

10.1039/C5EE01050K

The semi-transparent planar sandwich cell exhibited values of 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 74% FF, and 15.7% η for the forward scan condition and 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 75% FF, and 15.9% η for the reverse scan condition, thereby showing a 15.8% ηavg (see the detailed deviation of Jsc, Voc, FF and ηavg in Fig.

What is the value of Voc?

18451

{ "text": [ "6.94%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.218

The maximal Jsc of 14.72mAcm−2 and PCE of 6.94% are obtained in the optimal DSSC with 10wt% TNT-Au, significantly higher than those of the DSSC with pure TiO2 photoanode by 24.3% and 21.8%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

45655

{ "text": [ "3.33%" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }

10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.09.039

As the photovoltaic performance tests demonstrated, the ID1 exhibits broader absorption spectra, higher maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) and maximum photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (η) of 3.33% under 100 mW/cm2 simulated AM 1.5G solar irradiation.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were first reported by O’Regan and Grätzel in 1991 Many metal-free organic dyes have been used in DSSC, such as, coumarin dyes Considering the electron donors, acceptor/anchoring groups and the alkyl groups play a crucial role in determining the overall conversion efficiency, three organic sensitizers constructed from different moieties (triphenylamine with alkoxy chain for ID1, isoindigo with one anchor group for ID2 and two for ID3) were applied in DSSCs.

What is the value of η?

51119

{ "text": [ "1.82%" ], "answer_start": [ 291 ] }

10.1016/j.cplett.2017.11.035

The ionic liguid comprising propyl substituted imidazolium iodine salt exhibited a Jsc of 14.41mA cm−2, Voc of 650mV, FF of 0.53 and yielded an overall power conversion efficiency of 4.96%.The corresponding device parameters (Voc, Jsc, FF and η) are obtained as 8.95mA cm−2, 550mV, 0.37 and 1.82% for device 5, respectively.

What is the value of η?

37132

{ "text": [ "0.76V" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.092

As summarized in , Voc is significantly improved from 0.72V to 0.76V by the introduction of single Al2O3 overcoat (Al).

What is the value of Voc?

38565

{ "text": [ "13.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.029

The device based on B2F exhibited a high PCE of 15.0%, which was more than 15% increase compared to those based on B2T (PCE of 13.0%).

What is the value of PCE?

1472

{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.036

The treated film exhibits a smoother and more continuous surface without remarkable deep valley, the SEM and AFM results reveal that the grain boundaries are reduced and the ability of charge transport is improved with the help of GuaI ((a), the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite films with and without the treatment of GuaI is tested by fabricating planar heterojunction PSCs (device structure: indiumtin oxide (ITO)/SnO2/perovskite /spiro-OMeTAD/Au) and measuring the current density-voltage (J-V) curves under simulated AM 1.5G illumination at 100mW/cm2.

What is the value of illumination?

8141

{ "text": [ "13.41±2.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2017.03.005

The perovskite solar cells based on the TiO2 nanorod array and 560 nm-thickness CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx absorber layer exhibited the best photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.93% and the average PCE of 13.41±2.52%, while the corresponding planar perovskite solar cells without the TiO2 nanorod array and with 530 nm-thickness CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx absorber layer gave the best PCE of 12.82% and the average PCE of 10.54±2.28% at the relative humidity of 50–54%.Over the last decades, TiO2 nanorod arrays have been widely applied as one of the efficient charge separation and electron transporting materials in the fields of dye-sensitized solar cells In this work, the TiO2 nanorod arrays with the length of 70 nm, the diameter of 20 nm, and the areal density of 1000 µm−2 were prepared by the hydrothermal method using the aqueous grown solution of 38 mM titanium isopropoxide and 6 M hydrochloric acid at 170 °C for 60 min.

What is the value of PCE?

10129

{ "text": [ "0.664 V" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }

10.1039/C8NJ00847G

Among these, the carbazole donor group based sensitizer, R3, exhibited excellent photocurrent efficiency (η = 4.40%, Jsc = 9.91 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.678 V, FF = 63%) compared to R1 (η = 3.51%, Jsc = 8.44 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.670 V, FF = 62%) and R2 (η = 3.92%, Jsc = 9.24 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.664 V, FF = 63%) based devices.

What is the value of Voc?

73784

{ "text": [ "0.93 V" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }

10.1039/C7RA04611A

2c and Table 1, PSC devices based pristine PCPDTBT show an maximum overall efficiency of only 9.2%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.93 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.9 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 0.62, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

15689

{ "text": [ "I−/I3−" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.075

The CV measurement involving the I−/I3− redox reaction on the PProDOT-Et2 electrode showed no major difference, compared to that of the sputtered-Pt electrode.

What is redox reaction?

47434

{ "text": [ "70.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.098

The 0.2M Ru-TiO2 champion device shows JSC=21.81 mAcm−2, VOC of 1.109V, and FF=70.51%, yielding PCE=16.95%.

What is the value of FF?

6126

{ "text": [ "40%" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }

10.1039/C6RA17879K

S5.On the other hand, the fill factor (FF) of CuO nanomaterials based p-DSSC is higher (above 40%) than that of NiO (around 30–35%) (Table 2).

What is the value of FF?

73580

{ "text": [ "17.01" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }

10.1039/C5TA09661H

Early in 2014, the PCEs of PSCs were further increased to 16.2% and 16.7% by using the spiro-OMeTAD derivatives as the HTM, which subsequently grew to 17.01% via controlling the size of the MAPbI3 cuboids.

What is ?

16897

{ "text": [ "∼30" ], "answer_start": [ 384 ] }

10.1039/C3EE24125D

Despite this disadvantage caused by etching treatment, higher efficiencies were achieved by DSCs based on the etched rutile TiO2 NRAs compared to DSC-0, implying that further improvement can be highly expected by suppressing the electron recombination process.In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that single-crystalline rutile TiO2 NRAs with a film thickness of up to ∼30 μm can be successfully prepared on the FTO substrate through a one-pot hydrothermal method.

What is TiO2?

60005

{ "text": [ "6.49%" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }

10.1039/C4RA16493H

30) containing an additional phenyl group between the diarylamine donor and the diphenylquinoxaline π-spacer to achieve an η of 6.49%.

What is the value of η?

72821

{ "text": [ "Pt" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.020

The DSSCs with the Ni 15% CE achieved the highest η of 5.50% with Voc= 0.649 and Jsc= 12.12 mA cm−2, which is higher than that of a CoS2, NiS CEs and nearly the same as that of DSSC with conventional Pt as its CE (5.12%).

What is CEs?

40354

{ "text": [ "I−/I3-" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.10.008

The cells were filled (by vacuum backfilling method) with a commercial liquid electrolyte (Iodolyte AN-50, Solaronix SA) containing the I−/I3- redox couple ([I2]=50mM) in ACN solution.For ultrafast transient absorption experiments a commercial femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectrometer (Helios, Ultrafast Systems) was used in a single-beam configuration, with all reflective white light continuum generator and depolarizer in the pump beam to avoid influence of rotational dynamics.

What is redox couple?

46188

{ "text": [ "954 ± 8 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }

10.1039/C5NR08344C

Additionally, the integrated photocurrent densities of the PSCs prepared at 90/90, 120/120 and 130/120 °C are 12.19, 18.52 and 20.02 mA cm−2, respectively, and they are consistent with the J–V results.For PSCs prepared at 90/90, 100/100, 110/110, 120/120 and 130/130 °C, the variation of Voc with temperature is approximately consistent with that of Jsc; Voc increases with the temperature increasing and reaches the maximum value of 954 ± 8 mV at 120/120 °C.

What is the value of Voc?

20567

{ "text": [ "4.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }

10.1039/C4DT03102D

On the other hand, the performance of the TZ3C and TZ4C electrodes was much lower than that with the TZ2C (η = 4.15% and Jsc = 8.10 mA cm−2 for TZ3C and η = 2.96% and Jsc = 5.87 mA cm−2 for TZ3C).

What is the value of η?

75350

{ "text": [ "2.97%" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }

10.1039/C1EE01873F

If PEDOT:PSS was used as an ABL, the ZnO CBL-based inverted solar cells with a ITO cathode and Ag anode showed a PCE of 3.5%, which is larger than that of the corresponding inverted solar cells without an ABL (PCE 2.97%).By replacing the Ag anode with an Au anode or an ITO cathode with an FTO cathode, all the fabricated solar cells exhibited lower PCEs.

What is the value of PCE?

61984

{ "text": [ "8.69%" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }

10.1039/C8TA00968F

also reported that the DSSC with a MoSe2 CE shows an η of 9.00%, which is higher than that of the cell with a MoS2 CE (8.69%).

What is the value of η?

72200

{ "text": [ "6.82%" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.208

Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MoS2@RGO CE reached 6.82%, which is higher than that of Pt CE (6.44%).

What is the value of PCE?

50371

{ "text": [ "4.11%" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }

10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.052

Under the same conditions, the TPA-T2 sensitized cell exhibited a Jsc of 8.38–10.79mAcm−2, Voc of 0.61–0.65V and FF of 0.55–0.59, corresponding to an η of 2.68–4.11%.

What is the value of η?

36731

{ "text": [ "0.78V" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2019.03.022

Whereas, device in which film is annealed by hot plate gives 10.92% PCE, 20.69 mA/cm2Jsc, 0.78V Voc and 67.22% fill factor.

What is the value of Voc?

3578

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }

10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.012

Therefore, optimum conditions of fabricating a working electrode of TiO2 (P-25)/Ni-doped TiO2 particles are worthy of continued study, and it can be accomplished through the assistance of these constructed chemical-photo-electricity diagrams.

What is ?

40272

{ "text": [ "0.85V" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.010

Herein, we observe the photovoltaic parameters of a Voc of 0.82V, a Jsc of 14.01mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.46, corresponding to a PCE of 5.28% for the glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.85V, a JSC of 18.16mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.42, corresponding to a PCE of 6.46% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/C60/BCP/Al device, and a VOC of 0.84V, a JSC of 19.00mA/cm2, and a FF of 0.47, corresponding to a PCE of 7.55% for the glass/ITO/1wt% CZTS hybrid PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 with MA vapor-assisted/C60/BCP/Al device.

What is the value of Voc?

11955

{ "text": [ "8.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }

10.1039/C5TA06382E

In the case of the cell with Pt/FTO, a good η of 8.07% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 15.71 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.72 is obtained due to the outstanding electro-catalytic ability of Pt.The J–V curves for the cells with the CEs on the CC substrates, including PPy:PCL/CC, PEDOT:PSS/CC, s-PT/CC, and Pt/CC, are shown in Fig.

What is the value of η?

68973

{ "text": [ "1.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }

10.1039/C4RA03949A

Notably, devices with photoanodes comprising HM-SnO2 spheres on a multi-functional om-SnO2 IF layer had a Voc of 0.56 V, Jsc of 10.7 mA cm−2, and FF of 0.57, resulting in an η of 3.4%, which is much higher than the η of the NP-SnO2 sphere system (1.9%).

What is the value of η?

70001

{ "text": [ "1.00V" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.037

The device based on P-Perovskite exhibits reverse short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) of 15.20mAcm−2, 1.00V and 0.64, respectively, with a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.73%.

What is the value of VOC?

5891

{ "text": [ "15.45%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104036

The average PCE of FA0.1-based P-PSC improves from 12.72% to 15.45%, including a champion device having 16.50% obtained from backward scan.

What is the value of PCE?

2983

{ "text": [ "1.1 V" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025

Whereas a device with both ETL and HTM selective contacts showed a PCE~9.1%, PSCs employing either an ETL or HTM only showed a PCE of 1.8% and 5%, respectively An improved hole extraction efficiency at HTM/perovskite interface is directly reflected in improvement in PV performance, particularly, the VOC and the FF One of the remarkable feature of PSCs is their high output voltage; the VOC is ~1.1 V and ~1.61 V for CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3, respectively, which accounts for EG−qVOC~0.45 V and ~0.7 V respectively ().

What is the value of VOC?

2414

{ "text": [ "0.25%" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.055

It can be seen that no I2 is introduced, the PCE of Device A (0.25%) is low.

What is the value of PCE?

33288

{ "text": [ "4.69%" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }

10.1039/C4SC00814F

The device fabricated without HTM shows PCE of only 4.69%, which confirms that an HTM must be an integral component of the device for obtaining high PCE.

What is the value of PCE?

15079

{ "text": [ "3.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1016/j.cap.2011.04.028

The DSSCs with a MWNTs counter electrode has shown an Eff of 3.0%, whereas that of a graphene counter electrode is only 1%.

What is the value of Eff?

36198

{ "text": [ "7.41 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.058

It can be seen that the maximum conversion efficiency, fill factor (FF) and Jsc values of Al–10Si alloy counter electrode substrate-based DSSCs were significantly lower than the other DSSCs, η= 1.98%, FF = 39.1%, and Jsc= 7.41 mA/cm2 respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

33807

{ "text": [ "5.32%" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }

10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.11.062

The significantly increased short-circuit current density (Jsc, 10.75mAcm−2) of the DSSCs with PVdF-co-HFP:SCLCP-based polymer electrolytes afforded a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.32% and a fill factor (FF) of 0.64 under standard light intensity of 100mWcm−2 irradiation of AM 1.5 sunlight.The conversion of solar to electrical energy has become important due to the crisis in conventional energy sources.

What is the value of PCE?

45533

{ "text": [ "6.05 Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }

10.1039/C6RA27211H

Similarly, the Rs increased from 4.85 Ω to 6.85 Ω, and then decreased to 6.05 Ω for PVW-20.

What is the value of Rs?

67729

{ "text": [ "0.63 V" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }

10.1039/C4RA00985A

The PCE values were of 3.61% (Jsc = 8.82 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.63 V, and FF = 0.65) and 4.46% (Jsc = 9.94 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.66 V, and FF = 0.68), respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

75068

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }

10.1039/C1JM12071A

Finally, the hole was also sealed with the Surlyn film.A compact TiO2 layer (TiO2 underlayer) was firstly deposited onto the FTO substrate by spray pyrolysis, and then TiO2 particles (Dyesol, 18 NR-T) were deposited by doctor-blading method to obtain a ∼2.2 μm thick mesoporous film including the TiO2 underlayer.

What is substrate?

74487

{ "text": [ "0.96V" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.191

Compared with NiO-PSC, the performance of reference PSC is worse, current density (Jsc) is 19.27mAcm-2, output potential difference (Voc) is 0.96V, FF is 0.55, PCE is 10.5%.

What is the value of Voc?

3505

{ "text": [ "2.04 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }

10.1016/j.photonics.2015.01.007

As for the TiO2 electrode with successive adsorption of monascus and gardenia yellow dyes, the solar cell yields a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.04 mA/cm2, a photovoltage (Voc) of 0.63 V, and a fill factor of 0.64, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 0.82%.Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is comprised of an adsorbed dye, a nanoporous semiconductor electrode-adsorbed dye, an electrolyte, and a counter electrode To this end, the adsorption characteristics from electron harvesting point of view and electrochemical properties from electron transfer point of view using gardenia yellow dissolved in water and monoscus dissolved in DMSO, mixtures thereof, or successive adsorptions of both dyes were investigated.

What is the value of Jsc?

29129

{ "text": [ "300–800" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }

10.1039/C3CE41648H

Also, a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimazu UV-2550) was employed to obtain the absorption spectra of the photoanodes within the range of 300–800 nm.

What is photoanodes?

74564

{ "text": [ "∼25" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.099

As shown in a, the surfaces of bare TiO2 films have their characteristics in terms of certain roughness, multiple level sized pores and particle agglomerations in size of ∼25 nm.

What is TiO2?

34232

{ "text": [ "5.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }

10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.077

Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the power conversion efficiencies (η) of the cells sensitized with TC, TP, and TT were 3.63%, 4.84%, and 5.12%, respectively, which were higher than that sensitized with T(2.79%), illustrating that the introduction of branched conjugatedarms would improve the conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs.

What is the value of η?

54645

{ "text": [ "8.21±0.02%" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.019

Thus, the cell with MOF-525/s-PT-3 exhibited the highest η of 8.91±0.02%, which is better than that of the cell with traditional Pt (8.21±0.02%).

What is the value of η?

28281

{ "text": [ "703mV" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.143

Under the same condition, the quasi-solid-state DSSCs based on sensitizer FNE58 provided a Jsc of 9.08mAcm−2, a Voc of 628mV, and an FF of 0.70, corresponding to a PCE of 3.99%, while FNE59 based quasi-solid-state DSSC gave a Jsc of 12.06mAcm−2, a Voc of 703mV, and an FF of 0.71, corresponding to a PCE of 6.02%.

What is the value of Voc?

54572