answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
1.96k
| question
stringclasses 124
values | id
stringlengths 1
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"6.25%"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
}
|
10.1039/C7SE00586E
|
The MLCT band shows a blue-shift from 494 to 488 nm after the addition of ≥1 equivalent of base, and a decrease in εmax from 10600 to 7900 dm3 mol−1 cm−1.The addition of one equivalent of nBu4NOH with respect to H41 to the anchoring ligand solution resulted in an ≈15% increase in DSC efficiency (a rise from η = 1.72 to 1.97% versus 6.25% for an N719 reference DSC, Table 1) demonstrating that deprotonation can have a beneficial effect.
|
What is the value of η?
|
70553
|
{
"text": [
"1000 W/m2"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
}
|
10.1016/j.mssp.2015.06.066
|
Photovoltaic measurements were performed under standard test conditions (AM 1.5 simulated sunlight with irradiance of 1000 W/m2) using Zahner Cimps pcs solar simulator (Zahner, Kronach, Germany).The annealing temperature of 0.025 mol% Zr-doped TiO2 (ZT25) paste was determined by simultaneous differential thermal analysis (SDT) performed in air atmosphere, as shown in .
|
What is the value of irradiance?
|
31641
|
{
"text": [
"2.01%"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.031
|
When the voltage is scanned in the opposite direction, the PCEs for the mesoporous device and the planar device decrease to 7.69% and 2.01%, respectively.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
9300
|
{
"text": [
"iodide/triiodide"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
}
|
10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.01.033
|
Apparently, their Eox are all sufficiently positive than the iodide/triiodide redox couple (0.4V vs.
|
What is redox couple?
|
56659
|
{
"text": [
"1.01V"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2019.07.029
|
Perovskite solar cells with liquid-chalk coated CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite photoactive layer exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.04% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.01V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 23.39mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 67% by a painting speed of 0.5cm/s, annealing at 100°C for 15min, employing TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD as the electron-transporting layer and the hole-transporting layer, respectively.Methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI2 (99.99%, Alfa-Aesar) powder were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:1 (MAI 190mg, PbI2 553mg) and dissolved in 1mL γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (7:3, v/v).
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
7891
|
{
"text": [
"904 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
}
|
10.1039/C6TA06782D
|
The devices were studied under full sun AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm−2) and with a 0.25 cm2 black mask with the same area as the active area of the DSSC devices.The devices based on the [Cu(bpye)2]+/2+ redox system showed a 904 mV open-circuit voltage (VOC), a 13.8 mA cm−2 short-circuit current density (JSC) and a 72% fill factor (FF), yielding 9.0% in overall conversion efficiency (η).
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
72569
|
{
"text": [
"11.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
}
|
10.1039/C6TA07972E
|
Third, the high PCE of 11.3% fabricated by inkjet printing of the perovskite absorber is just 12% lower than that of the spin-cast reference device which reaches a PCE of 12.8%.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
15779
|
{
"text": [
"42.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031
|
The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite device fabricated with mixing solvent of 5:5 exhibites a best performance (17.35mAcm−2/0.83V/72.2%/10.40%), whereas devices from pure DMSO (0:10) and DMF (10:0) yield poor performance including Jsc of 12.98 and 12.74mAcm−2, Voc of 0.68 and 0.65, FF of 42.6% and 36.7%, and PCE of 3.76% and 3.04%, respectively.
|
What is the value of FF?
|
4707
|
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solmat.2008.09.045
|
As a result, the η of the DSSC device using spin-coated PVDF-HFP films showed low value.In addition, to investigate the photovoltaic effect of I2 concentration on DSSC using electrospun PVDF-HFP nanofiber films, we prepared FTO/TiO2/dye/electrolyte/Pt/FTO devices with various mole ratios of I2 to TBAI in electrolyte solutions.
|
What is ?
|
41418
|
{
"text": [
"2.75%"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solener.2017.03.091
|
The suitable thickness of 9.2 μm results in good performance with PCE of 2.75%.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
32171
|
{
"text": [
"7.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
}
|
10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.12.007
|
The solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (η) of the SY-02-based DSC was 7.5%, which is higher than that (6.1%) of N749-based DSC under the same cell fabrication conditions.All of the reactions were performed under nitrogen atmosphere, and solvents were distilled from appropriate drying agents prior to use.
|
What is the value of η?
|
29978
|
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.127
|
The DSSCs were fabricated into a sandwich structure and illuminated by a standard solar simulator (XM-500W, Trusttech) under 100mWcm−2 irradiation, which was calibrated by a standard silicon solar cell (91150V, Newport Corporation).
|
What is the value of solar?
|
47060
|
{
"text": [
"0.16 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
}
|
10.1039/C6CP00129G
|
The thickness and the active area (0.16 cm2) of the films were measured using a DEKTAK 150™ profilometer.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
69677
|
{
"text": [
"61.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.008
|
Devices employing PDPP3T as HTL showed a high PCE of 12.3%, with a very high Jsc of 20.5 mA/cm2, a Voc of 0.98 V and a FF of 61.2%.
|
What is the value of FF?
|
9157
|
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
}
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.039
|
DSCs were assembled by sandwiching the dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode and the counter electrode.
|
What is ?
|
24286
|
{
"text": [
"5.27%"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
}
|
10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.133
|
Under the similar conditions, the N719 dye gives a η value of 5.27%.
|
What is the value of η?
|
28188
|
{
"text": [
"0.0919 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
}
|
10.1039/C8ME00031J
|
110 nm thick silver electrodes were thermally evaporated at 1 × 10−6 mbar through a shadow mask to create solar cells with a total active area of 0.0919 cm2, as defined by the overlap between FTO and silver.The current density–voltage (J–V) curves were measured (2400 Series SourceMeter, Keithley Instruments) in ambient conditions under simulated AM1.5 sunlight at (100 mW cm−2) irradiance generated by an Abet Class AAB sun 2000 simulator, with the intensity calibrated with an NREL calibrated KG5 filtered Si reference cell.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
18489
|
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2019.105395
|
Photocurrent-voltage (J-V) curves of all obtained DSSCs were measured under the irradiation of a solar simulator providing solar AM1.5 light of 100mWcm−2 (SolarIV, Zolix, China).
|
What is the value of solar?
|
30569
|
{
"text": [
"0 h"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
}
|
10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63470-4
|
It can be seen that the crystallite size of TiO2 steady decreases from 17.1 nm (T0 sample) to 13.4 nm (T3.0 sample) with the increase in the hydrothermal time from 0 to 3.0 h.
|
What is the value of time?
|
37863
|
{
"text": [
"0.98 V"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.004
|
On the other hand, the photovoltaic properties when incorporating NH4F, NH4Cl and NH4Br were VOC: 0.98 V, JSC: 19.10 mA/cm2, FF: 80.42% and PCE: 15.15% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 0.98 V, JSC: 19.13 mA/cm2, FF: 79.90% and PCE: 15.02% under the forward scan direction; VOC: 0.99 V, JSC: 21.01 mA/cm2, FF: 80.80% and PCE: 16.88% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 0.99 V, JSC: 21.03 mA/cm2, FF: 80.31% and PCE: 16.78% under the forward scan direction; and VOC: 1.02 V, JSC: 20.33 mA/cm2, FF: 81.14% and PCE: 16.85% under the reverse scan direction and VOC: 1.02 V, JSC: 20.10 mA/cm2, FF: 80.51% and PCE: 16.53% under the forward scan direction, respectively.The improved device performance of the MAPbI3 PvSCs with NH4X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) incorporated into them additive can be attributed to the enhanced VOC, JSC and FF values.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
11500
|
{
"text": [
"9.39%"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.117
|
The PCE of the DSSC with CoS/rGO0.2 counter electrode reaches 9.39%, which is increased by 27.93% compared with the DSSC with Pt counter electrode.A sponge-like cobalt sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (CoS/rGO) hybrid film is deposited on FTO glass by electrophoretic deposition and ion exchange deposition, following by NaBH4 and H2SO4 solution treatment.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
23925
|
{
"text": [
"0 s"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
}
|
10.1039/C6TA05053K
|
Meanwhile, the similar sub-bandgap absorption between perovskite films prepared with 0 s and 120 s MAI loading times indicates a similar defect density.
|
What is the value of time?
|
13936
|
{
"text": [
"0.21 μmol/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
}
|
10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.03.006
|
The dye-loading amount from BS-TiO2 photoanode calculated by dye desorption is found to be 0.21 μmol/cm2, which is much higher than that of P25-TiO2 photoanode, as shown in .
|
What is the value of loading?
|
52633
|
{
"text": [
"11.82mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
}
|
10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.02.001
|
Among these dyes, the dye UY11 with D–(–π–π–A)2 framework exhibits the best photovoltaic performance with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 11.82mAcm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 548mV and a fill factor (ff) of 0.70, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 4.52% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100mWcm−2).
|
What is the value of Jsc?
|
24599
|
{
"text": [
"1.23%"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
}
|
10.1016/j.synthmet.2016.04.027
|
In comparison to MEH-PPV/ZnO-NA binary solar cells, the photovoltaic performance of MEH-PPV/ZC-NA ternary cells has been significantly improved with η being increased by 7-fold from original 0.15% to 1.23% at the optimized CdS shell thickness (i.e., L= 6 nm) TiO2/CuInS2-core/shell nanoarrays (TCIS-NAs) were synthesized by using TiO2-NA as template (c) were fabricated by infiltrating MEH-PPV into TCIS-NA.
|
What is the value of η?
|
5125
|
{
"text": [
"60 s"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
}
|
10.1039/C5TA08262E
|
However, when the MAI loading time is increased to 60 s, the size of the crystal is significantly increased with the largest lateral dimension more than 1 μm.
|
What is the value of time?
|
23126
|
{
"text": [
"19.06%"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
}
|
10.1039/C7TA09716F
|
The p–i–n planar pero-SCs with the Si-OMeTPA HTL showed a high PCE of 19.06% with negligible hysteresis and excellent device stability.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
20119
|
{
"text": [
"0.16cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
}
|
10.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.042
|
The sealed cells with an active area of 0.16cm2 were tested.X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Empyrean, PANalytical B.V., Holland) with Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.5406Å).
|
What is the value of active area?
|
48795
|
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
}
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.224
|
Under the standard condition, consists of Air Mass 1.5 (AM 1.5) illumination at 100mWcm−2, the DSC equipped by N719-sensitized TiO2 photoanode and the nanocomposite counter electrode shows significant improvements in photovoltaic parameters including short-circuit current density (JSC), power-conversion efficiency (PCE), and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) as 27.29mAcm−2, 11%, and 85%, respectively.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are photoelectrochemical cells containing a sensitized mesoporous-semiconductor photoanode, a counter electrode (CE) and a redox electrolyte which fills the space between the two electrodes [].
|
What is the value of illumination?
|
59787
|
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
}
|
10.1039/C2JM13961H
|
The active area was controlled at a dimension of 0.25 cm2 by adhering 60 μm thick polyester tape on the Pt electrode.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
62622
|
{
"text": [
"649 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
}
|
10.1039/C7TA00793K
|
This trend is normal since the Voc of a DSSC is determined by the quasi-Fermi-level of the metal oxide (correlated with its conduction band edge) that is itself dependent on the electron density and the rate of recombination between semiconductor electrons and oxidized electrolyte species.PK3 reveals a lower electron lifetime and this can explain the lower Voc value of 649 mV measured for the corresponding solar cells and their lower performances.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
75126
|
{
"text": [
"20.28±0.33mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.018
|
On the other hand, solar cells with 2c-/m-TiO2 and 3c-/m-TiO2 layers showed PCE=12.24±0.42% and PCE=9.92±0.36% with lower JSC (20.28±0.33mAcm−2 and 18.67±0.21mAcm−2) and VOC (1.00±0.008V and 0.98±0.012V) values, respectively.
|
What is the value of JSC?
|
298
|
{
"text": [
"6.52%"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
}
|
10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.041
|
The M21 and M22 sensitized cells with the iodide electrolyte exhibit a comparable JSC and a remarkably decreased VOC around 760mV, leading to a relatively lower PCE of 6.37 and 6.52%, respectively.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
59921
|
{
"text": [
"8.6"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.056
|
Even though the photo-electrodes of these DSSCs based on a single TiO2 layer with thickness around 8.6μm, energy conversion efficiencies of 7.3%–7.9% have been achieved.
|
What is TiO2?
|
59401
|
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
}
|
10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.04.018
|
Generally, a dye oxidation potential more positive than that for I−/I3− redox couple is necessary to forbid the backward electron recombination with the electrolyte solution and ensure forward electron injection into the TiO2 electrode in the DSSC, therefore the recombination current (Jrec) is one of the factors which can determine a JSC and VOC loss resulted more positive than the iodine redox potential reported in literature in similar experimental conditions seem to approximately follow the trend of the oxidation potentials, then Epa1Pg> Epa1Pn> Epa1Mv> Epa1Cy> Epa1Dpvs JSCPg> JSCPn> JSCDp> JSCCy> JSCMvvs VOCPg> VOCPn> VOCMv> VOCDp> VOCMv.We have investigated the use of the five main anthocyanidins as sensitisers for DSSC applications.
|
What is redox couple?
|
35697
|
{
"text": [
"I-/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
}
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.100
|
Furthermore, the DSSC with Co0.42Ni0.58Se CE exhibits photoelectrical conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.15%, which is considerably higher than that of the DSSC with Pt CE (5.53%).With the development of economy and society, renewable and clean energy resources are already being exploited to replace nonrenewable fossil fuels, such as solar, wind, hydrogen, and geothermal energy A typical DSSC consists of TiO2 film with dye molecules, an electrolyte consisted of I-/I3− redox couple and platinum counter electrode (Pt CE) in a sandwich structure.
|
What is redox couple?
|
38662
|
{
"text": [
"14.71%"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
}
|
10.1039/C8NA00064F
|
In the recent past, MAPbI3 nanowires were synthesized by a two-step spin-coating preparation technique and moderately efficient (PCE = 14.71%) PSCs based on these nanowires were fabricated.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
17931
|
{
"text": [
"10.92%"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2017.05.025
|
As can be seen from here, the best reference perovskite solar cell showed an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.84V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 17.96mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.64 and a reasonable overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.92% for a cell with a thin perovskite layer of ∼200nm (vide infra).
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
3440
|
{
"text": [
"1013 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
}
|
10.1039/C6TA04053E
|
Moreover, the low exciton binding energy of the continuous upper perovskite layer will be beneficial for the dissociation of excitons into free carriers and thus would be expected to improve charge transfer, which is reflected in the observed high Voc of 1013 mV.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
22611
|
{
"text": [
"0.78 V"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
}
|
10.1016/j.matlet.2013.06.009
|
The results demonstrate that the highest energy-conversation efficiency of 6.38% was obtained in DSSC using NFC/P25 photoanode with 5:5 mass ratio, presenting Jsc and Voc of 13.57 mA and 0.78 V, respectively.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
58953
|
{
"text": [
"8.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
1100
]
}
|
10.1039/C5TA09661H
|
It is significant that the prepared fiber-shaped solar cells were flexible and could be woven into various structures, such as self-powering textiles, which are urgently required for miniature electronic devices.Because of the high-temperature requirement for the fabrication of TiO2 compact layers via universal methods, most flexible PSCs based on ITO–PET/PEN substrates would adopt p–i–n structures (or inverted planar structures), in most cases composed of PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM architectures (Table 1), which are able to be deposited at a low temperature (<150 °C) and thus suitable for the organization of flexible PSCs using PET substrates.Specially, Snaith's group employed a device structure of PET–ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3−xClx/PCBM/TiOx/Al and achieved a high PCE of over 6% for flexible PSCs (Table 1), while Kim and Lee's groups used a self-organized HTM (SOHEL) composed of a conducting polymer (e.g., PEDOT:PSS) and a perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) of tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene-sulfonic acid copolymer to fabricate the flexible PSCs with a PCE as high as 8.0% (Table 1).
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
16935
|
{
"text": [
"39.72%"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solener.2016.04.017
|
The device with the thickness of FPDI film of 75 nm shows a highest FF of 58.26%, better than that of the device with thinner FPDI film of 25 nm (39.72%).
|
What is the value of FF?
|
2612
|
{
"text": [
"5 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
}
|
10.1016/j.mssp.2017.05.013
|
Active area of the cell was 5 cm2.
|
What is the value of Active area?
|
57874
|
{
"text": [
"8.22%"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.048
|
Impressively, the DSSC based on NiS2/CoS2-0.1 CE possessed the best photovoltaic performance with Jsc of 17.45mA/cm2, FF of 0.654, Voc of 0.72V, and then the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 8.22% among these DSSCs.
|
What is the value of η?
|
58209
|
{
"text": [
"0.08%"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
}
|
10.1039/C3TA12031G
|
It can be seen that the Jsc and Voc of electrolyte A are 0.78 mA cm−2 and 0.312 V, respectively, which gave a PCE of 0.08% under AM 1.5 illumination of 100 mW cm−2.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
66184
|
{
"text": [
"23.85 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
}
|
10.1016/j.cej.2017.08.045
|
Specifically, the Jsc of cells was significantly increased from 22.46 to 23.91 mA/cm2 for reverse scan and 22.19–23.85 mA/cm2 for forward scan after doping Li element.
|
What is the value of Jsc?
|
4564
|
{
"text": [
"1.13 V"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
}
|
10.1039/C9TA01452G
|
As a result, the YT3-based cell achieved a champion PCE of 20.23% with a Jsc of 23.25 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.13 V, and a FF of 0.77.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
22907
|
{
"text": [
"5.49%"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
}
|
10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.018
|
Under standard global AM 1.5 solar condition, the JK-16 sensitized cell gave a short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 15.33 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V, and a fill factor of 0.66, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency η of 7.43%, and the JK-17 sensitized cell gave a Jsc of 12.66 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.67 V, and a fill factor of 0.65, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency η of 5.49%.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted great attention over the last 15 years owing to their prospect of high energy conversion efficiency and low production cost.
|
What is the value of η?
|
59931
|
{
"text": [
"0.22cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.051
|
Screen-printing was repeated three times until the thickness of the nanoporous TiO2 layer reached ∼10μm with an active area of 0.22cm2.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
31479
|
{
"text": [
"4.85%"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.051
|
PSC devices derived from BChls-1, 2, and 3 as HTMs exhibited the best PCE values of 1.38%, 10.95%, and 4.85%, respectively.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
6944
|
{
"text": [
"4.92mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
}
|
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.193
|
In addition, the MK-162 sensitized cell under standard global AM 1.5 solar condition exhibited photovoltaic performance with Jsc of 4.92mAcm−2, Voc of 0.52V, and a FF of 0.59, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency η of 1.52%, while the standard Ru dye Z907-sensitized TiO2 exhibited an efficiency, η of 4.08% with a Jsc of 14.51mAcm−2, a Voc of 0.62V, and a FF of 0.54.FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra of initial compounds and MK dyes.Supplementary data related to this article can be found at
|
What is the value of Jsc?
|
49001
|
{
"text": [
"B"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
}
|
10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.042
|
The carbon CE composed of graphite flakes and CB particles with a weight ratio of 3:1 under hot-press pressure of 0.25 MPa can present the best cell performance.
|
What is CE?
|
10841
|
{
"text": [
"0.4 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
}
|
10.1039/C5CP02367J
|
We immersed the TiO2 coated FTO (TiO2 thickness 7 ± 0.5 μm, active area 0.4 × 0.4 cm2) in a THF solution containing trans-2S2A (1 × 10−4 M) and cis-2S2A (2 × 10−4 M) at 40 °C for 3 h.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
69496
|
{
"text": [
"3.06%"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
}
|
10.1039/C2DT30482A
|
Using an ionic liquid based electrolyte, efficiencies up to η = 3.06% have been attained under 1 sun irradiation.
|
What is the value of η?
|
66216
|
{
"text": [
"0.27"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
}
|
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.03.047
|
The small charge transfer resistances at the interface of Pt/electrolyte (RCE) values (1.19Ω for FSD101, 0.27Ω for FSD102 and 0.21Ω for FSD103) mean the rapid reduction of I- 3 ions at Pt counter electrode All reagents obtained from commercial sources were used as received, unless otherwise noted.
|
What is RCE?
|
30267
|
{
"text": [
"485 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
}
|
10.1039/C7SE00068E
|
Device studies showed the power conversion efficiencies of these two dyes in the presence of iodine as well as cobalt electrolytes.In presence of I−/I3− electrolyte D16 performed with a Jsc of 9.26 mA cm−2, Voc of 485 mV and FF of 0.72, resulting in an efficiency of 3.19%.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
64931
|
{
"text": [
"0.669 V"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
}
|
10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.08.058
|
The value of VOC increases from 0.628 to 0.669 V with the increase of printing layers from 6 to 8, as shown in b.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
33782
|
{
"text": [
"5.56%"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
}
|
10.1039/C0CP02704A
|
Turning to the overall conversion efficiency, device A exhibits a Voc of 706 mV, a Jsc of 11.02 mA cm−2 and a ff of 0.72, yielding a maximum overall photo-to-energy conversion efficiency (η) among the devices under investigation of 5.56%, .Apart from charge transport in the viscous electrolyte, the electrolyte also interacts with adsorbed dye molecules and the mesoporous semiconductor, implying that the electrolyte influences many more processes in the DSC device.
|
What is the value of η?
|
74177
|
{
"text": [
"5.19%"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
}
|
10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.07.083
|
Further increasing the VDMSO/ACN to 6:4, the device PCE decreased dramatically to 5.19%, which might be caused by smaller grain size (300nm) and thinner film thickness of the prepared CH3NH3PbI3 film (PL and TRPL measurement were conducted on the perovskite films with different VDMSO/ACN to further certify the tendency above.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
9387
|
{
"text": [
"73.70%"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
}
|
10.1016/j.cej.2019.121930
|
In comparison with PCE of 6.37% (Voc=1.431V, Jsc=6.04mAcm−2, FF=73.70%) for the control PSC, the optimal device based on CsPb0.995Zn0.005Br3 has a much higher PCE of 9.18% with a Voc of 1.56V, a Jsc of 7.30mAcm−2 and a FF of 80.61%.
|
What is the value of FF?
|
2041
|
{
"text": [
"0.481V"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.002
|
The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of DCF were 0.481V, 7.49mAcm−2, 0.27, and 0.98%, respectively.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
52436
|
{
"text": [
"15.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
}
|
10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.160
|
The photocurrent density-voltage (J-V) curves of perovskite solar cells with Ti doped MoO2 ((e)) indicate that the Ti doped MoO2 HTM based device has 1.01 V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 20.0 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 75.9% fill factor (FF), and 15.3% power conversion efficiency (η) for forward scan condition and 1.02 V Voc, 20.1 mA/cm2 Jsc, 77.3% FF, and 15.8% η for reverse scan condition, whereas the pristine MoO2 HTM based one has 1.01 V Voc, 19.7 mA/cm2 Jsc, 75.8% FF, and 15.1% η for forward scan condition and 1.01 V Voc, 19.9 mA/cm2 Jsc, 78.2% FF, and 15.7% η for reverse scan condition.
|
What is the value of η?
|
1952
|
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
}
|
10.1039/C4DT01598C
|
The active area of the TiO2 film electrodes was 0.25 cm2.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
75907
|
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
}
|
10.1039/C1EE01062J
|
A barrel cell with steel plates was used; the samples were pressed into pellets 13 mm in diameter and with thicknesses of 1–2 mm, accurately measured using a digital calliper, under a N2 atmosphere.For the solar cellassembly and testing, the working electrodes were prepared by screen printing one transparent layer (∼6 μm each) from a paste of 18 nm TiO2 particles (JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd., Kitakyushu-Shi, Japan) onto FTO glass and one scattering layer of 400 nm TiO2 (∼6 μm thick), followed by sintering (working electrode area 0.16 cm2).
|
What is ?
|
72654
|
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.064
|
a shows the J-V characteristics of the champion PSCs without and with t-BP modified layer under simulated solar illumination of AM 1.5G conditions (100mWcm−2) with reverse scan, and the corresponding parameters including current density (Jsc), Voc, FF and PCE are summarized in .
|
What is the value of illumination?
|
5818
|
{
"text": [
"0.60 V"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
}
|
10.1039/C4CP00298A
|
1(a), the device with the ITO-1 as the positive electrode and C60 as the electron acceptor (device 1) delivered a VOC of 0.60 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 6.12 mA cm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.52, and a PCE of 1.93%.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
12712
|
{
"text": [
"0.158cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
}
|
10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.021
|
Cell active area tested with a mask of 0.158cm2.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
24937
|
{
"text": [
"1.3 mA"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
}
|
10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.026
|
fruticosa leaves is 0.5% with short-circuit current (Isc) of 1.3 mA/cm− 2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.62 V and fill factor (FF) of 60.16%.
|
What is the value of Isc?
|
31559
|
{
"text": [
"0.48 V"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
}
|
10.1039/C2JM30660C
|
The results showed a Jsc of 3.36 mA·cm−2, a Voc of 0.48 V, an F of 0.35, and a conversion efficiency η of 1.07%.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
73813
|
{
"text": [
"0.94Ω"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152817
|
Meanwhile, the Rct of Co–Ni–Se-1:1 (0.94Ω) is much lower than Co–Ni–Se-2:1 (1.41Ω), Co–Ni–Se-1:2 (1.69Ω), Pt (2.64Ω), Co–Se (4.03Ω) and Ni–Se (4.67Ω), indicating that Co–Ni–Se-1:1 NFs possess a driving role in the I3− reduction, which is expected to accelerate the electrons transfer and dye regeneration, thus resulting in a better photovoltaic performance.The Tafel polarization curves of different samples are shown in a.
|
What is the value of Rct?
|
56443
|
{
"text": [
"HG"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
}
|
10.1039/C7TA00278E
|
Moreover, DSSCs with NHG-2 CEs display a PCE of 9.07%, which is superior to that of the control devices using Pt as the CE (8.19%), suggesting that the NHG materials are of great potential as efficient and low-cost CEs for DSSCs.
|
What is CE?
|
70466
|
{
"text": [
"58%"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
}
|
10.1016/j.mssp.2014.08.012
|
DSSC-3 built with solid state electrolyte showed the photovoltaic parameters Voc=620 mV, Jsc=15.5 mA/cm2, FF=58% and η=5.57%.
|
What is the value of FF?
|
45206
|
{
"text": [
"7.30%"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
}
|
10.1039/C6CS00752J
|
used CoSe as CE for DSSCs and obtained a PCE of 7.30%, higher than that of the device with Pt CE (6.91%).
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
66691
|
{
"text": [
"0.79V"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.146
|
The optimal photovoltaic performances are: Voc=0.79V, Jsc=13.69mAcm−2, FF=0.76, and PCE=8.24%.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
52747
|
{
"text": [
"Ag"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
}
|
10.1039/C4TA05012F
|
These combined findings prove that alkyl halide additives can play multiple roles in modulating the dynamics of perovskite crystal growth.All the studied devices were fabricated using a low-temperature solution process (<150 °C) with a conventional p-i-n PHJ configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS (35–40 nm)/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx (∼350 nm)/PC61BM (∼55 nm)/bis-C60 (10 nm)/Ag (150 nm) (Fig.
|
What is ITO?
|
16302
|
{
"text": [
"1 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
}
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.064
|
The actual active area of the cells was 1 cm2 but JV curves were traced by employing a mask of 0.2 cm2.
|
What is the value of active area?
|
32872
|
{
"text": [
"21"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solener.2014.08.012
|
Titanium dioxide (TiO2, Uniregion Biotech P-25) particles (average particle size of 21 nm) and the LixNi1−xO powder were loaded into the chamber of the Mechanofusion system with a rotor speed of 6000 rpm for 1 h.
|
What is Titanium dioxide?
|
37832
|
{
"text": [
"18.42 mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
}
|
10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.025
|
While the thickness increases from 4 cycles to 5 cycles, the Jsc declines from 18.42 mA/cm2 to 17.72 mA/cm2 and the PCE drops to 13.29%.
|
What is the value of Jsc?
|
10477
|
{
"text": [
"MWCNT"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
}
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.012
|
As a result, the PPy/MWCNT CE is a promising candidate as highly efficient and Pt-free CE material.
|
What is CE?
|
55686
|
{
"text": [
"1.072 V"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
}
|
10.1039/C7RA12049D
|
The pristine MAPbI3 champion device exhibits an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.026 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 23.41 mA cm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 67.08%, and a PCE of 16.10%, whereas the MAPbI3 champion device with 1 vol% of GO achieves a VOC of 1.072 V, a JSC of 23.73 mA cm−2, a FF of 69.14%, and a PCE of 17.59%, which obviously is the best among all the fabricated champion devices with an amount of GO from 0 to 3 vol%.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
13886
|
{
"text": [
"727 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
}
|
10.1039/C4RA16493H
|
11), utilizing a methyl-substituted indoline moiety as the electron donor, shows a high VOC of 727 mV and an η of 4.26%.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
72788
|
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
}
|
10.1039/C8RA02765J
|
The intercepts with the real axis in the high frequency range represent the Rs (overall ohmic series resistance) values, including the bulk resistance of the CE materials, the FTO substrate and the contact resistance.
|
What is substrate?
|
71784
|
{
"text": [
"0.59 V"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
}
|
10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.087
|
In the case of electrolyte B, the Voc was 0.59 V which was larger than that with electrolyte A.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
40287
|
{
"text": [
"15.76%"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
}
|
10.1039/C6RA07536C
|
1(b)).In summary, planar HBr modified MAPbI3−xClx-based perovskite solar cells were successfully fabricated with a high PCE of 15.76% and a high quality perovskite film prepared from a modified precursor solution process.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
15616
|
{
"text": [
"0.678 V"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
}
|
10.1016/j.matlet.2011.03.044
|
The dye-sensitized solar cell based on multilayer porous TiO2 films exhibited a high η of 1.27% with Jsc of 3.49 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.678 V, and the fill factor FF of 53.63%.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
23848
|
{
"text": [
"c-TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.033
|
As the Rrec is inversely proportional to the recombination rate, it can be demonstrated that nonradiative recombination process in NMP devices is efficiently suppressed due to lower trap density.We compared the photovoltaic performance of PSCs based on FA-perovskite films produced from different additive-based methods with a FTO/c-TiO2/meso-TiO2/FA-perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au device architecture.
|
What is FTO?
|
6415
|
{
"text": [
"15.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2017.03.019
|
In contrast, after the introduction of 2% ammonia in PEDOT:PSS, a higher PCE of 15.2% is achieved.
|
What is the value of PCE?
|
5787
|
{
"text": [
"0.650V"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2019.05.009
|
The thickness of the ACSC layer on FTO can be estimated to be 52μm., the J-V curve of the DSC with the ACSC CE is compared with that of the otherwise identical DSC except that the CE used is usual FTO-Pt.The DSC with FTO-Pt CE gives Jsc of 19.52mAcm−2, VOC of 0.689V and FF of 0.70 giving rise to the conversion efficiency of 9.41% whereas the DSC with ACSC gives the corresponding values of 19.49mAcm−2, VOC of 0.650V and FF of 0.62 giving rise to the conversion efficiency of 7.85%.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
38803
|
{
"text": [
"1.19%"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
}
|
10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.05.027
|
In comparison, Jsc, Voc, and η were 5.52 mA/cm2, 0.57 V, and 1.19%, respectively, for TiO2-72 electrode.
|
What is the value of η?
|
35370
|
{
"text": [
"0.665 ± 0.023 V"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
}
|
10.1039/C0EE00533A
|
Compared to the CH3COOH-based TNT paste, substitution with HCl resulted in the improvement of all major photovoltaic characteristics (Table 5), the EQE measured at λmax increased from 43.1 ± 1.1 to 48.4 ± 2.3% (or ∼12%), the VOC was improved by 2.3% from 0.650 ± 0.014 to 0.665 ± 0.023 V, and consistent with EQE increase the JSC was enhanced from 8.44 ± 0.28 to 9.39 ± 0.49 mA cm−2 (or ∼11%).
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
60564
|
{
"text": [
"19.0mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.100
|
Using the vapor treatment improved the parameters of the best device from 0.97V, 10.3mAcm−2, 0.49 and 4.8% for Voc, Jsc, FF and η, respectively to 1.02V, 19.0mAcm−2, 0.54 and 10.5%.
|
What is the value of Jsc?
|
1656
|
{
"text": [
"6.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
}
|
10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.12.007
|
SY-01 gave JSC=12.9mAcm−2, VOC=708.5mV, and ff=0.7135, corresponding to η=6.5%, while the SY-02 sensitizer gave the best performance data, JSC=13.1mAcm−2, VOC=783.8mV, ff=0.7263, and η=7.5%.
|
What is the value of η?
|
29974
|
{
"text": [
"glass"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2015.05.027
|
Firstly, a 40 nm layer of PEDOT:PSS (Clevios P VP AI 4083) was spin-coated on the pre-rinsed ITO-coated glass substrates and baked at 140 °C for 10 min to remove any residual solvent.
|
What is ?
|
5234
|
{
"text": [
"(BA)2(MA)2Pb3I10"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
}
|
10.1039/C8TA02288G
|
Perovskite solar cells with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/(BA)2(MA)2Pb3I10/PC61BM/BCP/Ag exhibited an average PCE of 6.82% (n = 3) and 8.79% (n = 4), with impressive shelf stability in the ambient environment.
|
What is Perovskite?
|
17682
|
{
"text": [
"0.66V"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
}
|
10.1016/j.solener.2018.12.037
|
It is obvious that the average values of the PCE, FF, Voc, and Jsc are 7.38%, 0.64, 0.66V, and 17.64mAcm−2, respectively.In summary, we have demonstrated a potentiostatic deposition technology to fabricate Co-Ni-Se films with tunable Co/Ni ratios by improving the interface between Co-Ni-Se films and FTO glass.
|
What is the value of Voc?
|
53090
|
{
"text": [
"PPy"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
}
|
10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.004
|
The information on different CE materials in suggests the following: (1) spherical PPy yields a PCE of 7.73% in I-mediated DSSCs with N719 dye, that is the highest PCE that has been reported for PPy CEs in different types of DSSCs The superior performance of DSSCs depends strongly on the use of optimized cell components and matching of energy levels of cell components.
|
What is CEs?
|
31189
|
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
}
|
10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.07.053
|
The photocurrent density-voltage (I-V characteristics) of synthesized Zn(II) porphyrin dyes are shown in a and the corresponding photovoltaic data under AM 1.5G solar light illumination (power 100mWcm−2) with an active area of 0.16cm2, is listed in .
|
What is the value of illumination?
|
33818
|
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
}
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.127
|
The photocurrent density–voltage characteristics of the DSSCs were evaluated by a source meter (Keithley 2400) under a solar simulator (Oriel 92250A-1000, Newport, 100mWcm−2).
|
What is the value of solar?
|
44076
|
{
"text": [
"0.91 V"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
}
|
10.1039/C6TA06987H
|
Meanwhile, devices with single deposition of HTM 14 suffer from poor performance, with a JSC of 2.2 mA cm−2, a VOC of 0.91 V, and a fill factor of 48.0%, leading to a low PCE of 0.9%.
|
What is the value of VOC?
|
12986
|
{
"text": [
"GO"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
}
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.048
|
More importantly, the devices with these non-corrosive HTLs exhibit significantly improved stability, as compared to those with pristine PEDOT:PSS and GO HTLs, demonstrating the contribution of ammonia treated HTL on the device stability.
|
What is HTL?
|
3948
|
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