CambridgeMolecularEngineering/SCQA_FirstTurn

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 13 1.96k	question stringclasses 124 values	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "text": [ "4.34%" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }	10.1039/C8TC03542C	The device with the D35 dye was the best-performing one, with a VOC of 825 mV, JSC of 7.99 mA cm−2, FF of 0.66 and PCE of 4.34%.	What is the value of PCE?	70983
{ "text": [ "PbI2−xClx" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.001	Moreover, the porous nature of the PbI2−xClx precursor film has been confirmed to be essential for the realization of uniform perovskite film with large grain size as it provides a sufficient space for the coming structure expansion followed with the perovskite film formation.	What is perovskite?	2299
{ "text": [ "5.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }	10.1039/C3NR04462A	The NM DSSC fabricated from nanorod microspheres shows a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 10.9 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 738 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 63.6%, leading to an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 5.12%, whereas the NC DSSC fabricated from nanocrystalline particles shows a higher efficiency of 7.00%.	What is the value of η?	75452
{ "text": [ "17.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }	10.1039/C6TA06987H	The best device efficiency of 17.7% was achieved by applying HTM 16 with added Li-TFSI, TBP, and FK209, which performed better than devices based on doped HTM Sp01 (PCE = 17.1%).	What is the value of PCE?	13038
{ "text": [ "1.70%" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.02.014	The DSSC based on dye A showed an efficiency of η=1.70% (Jsc=4.49mAcm−2, VOC=0.61V, FF=0.62) under 100mWcm−2 simulated AM 1.5G solar irradiation compared to η=4.1% of the standard N3 obtained under same conditions.► New donor-acceptor dyes derived from naturally occurring luciferin.	What is the value of η?	59806
{ "text": [ "3.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }	10.1039/C5TA09763K	However, although the corresponding DSSC exhibited very broad IPCE spectra over the whole visible range extending into the near infrared (NIR) region up to 900 nm, the η value was limited to only 3.7% due to the insufficient driving force for the electron injection from the excited organic dyes into the TiO2 film.	What is the value of η?	69330
{ "text": [ "6.22mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.050	The cubic CsPbBr3(Cl) exhibits a champion Jsc of 8.47mAcm−2 and a PCE of 6.21%, superior to that of pure orthorhombic CsPbBr3 (6.22mAcm−2 and 3.78%).	What is the value of Jsc?	6228
{ "text": [ "8.59%" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }	10.1016/j.spmi.2018.07.024	Thus, the PCE gradually enhances from 5.37% to 8.59%.	What is the value of PCE?	6185
{ "text": [ "5.26%" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.12.006	The further study has shown that the highest η of 5.26%, with a short circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 9.68mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 740mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 73.48%, was achieved for 4b-sensitized solar cell in which the meso IDB moiety functions as an electron pushing group, and under the same conditions cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)bis(tetrabutylammonium) namely N719-based DSSC reached a η of 6.02%.	What is the value of η?	33107
{ "text": [ "5428 Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }	10.1039/C6RA27211H	As the anodization time increased from 0 to 25 h, the resulting Rct sharply increased from 4.11 Ω for PVW-0 to 5428 Ω for PVW-8.5, followed by a remarkable drop to 322.7 Ω for PVW-20.	What is the value of Rct?	67721
{ "text": [ "0.618 V" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1039/C7TA00990A	The DSSC based on PEDOT CE prepared using 0.005 M has a low efficiency of 1.31% (Jsc of 3.986 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.618 V, and FF of 53.26%).	What is the value of Voc?	62347
{ "text": [ "0.89%" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }	10.1039/C4RA16399K	The short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and solar energy-to-electricity conversion yield (η) also increase in the order of OUJ-1 (2.00 mA cm−2, 0.54%) < NI-6 (2.96 mA cm−2, 0.79%) ≈ OUK-1 (2.99 mA cm−2, 0.89%) (Fig.	What is the value of η?	64751
{ "text": [ "11.09%" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2015.05.027	Solvent engineering of the electron transport layer using 1,8-diiodooctane for improving the performance of perovskite solar cellsIn this work, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was improved by 14.8% (from 11.09% to 12.73%) by using 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as a solvent additive during the deposition of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layers.	What is the value of PCE?	5229
{ "text": [ "11.8" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }	10.1039/B007840I	It is speculated that an interesting interactionoccurs between the dye and the TiO2 surface or betweenadjacent dye molecules, just like aggregates.The best incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE=11.8%) was observed on the TiO2 electrode with cyaninedye C1-D (n=1), and the efficiency dramatically decreasedfor n2.	What is IPCE?	64406
{ "text": [ "3.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.117	When the light casted from the rear side, the device based on PPy electrode shows lower Jsc (5.75mAcm−2) and η (3.06%), but higher FF (0.58) compared to the front-illumination.	What is the value of η?	57448
{ "text": [ "Pt" ], "answer_start": [ 971 ] }	10.1039/C8TC00611C	Our finding sheds light on why the ternary metal selenides are better than the corresponding binary metal selenides in terms of photovoltaic performance.We are thankful to the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21673049), the STCSM (168014342), the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), and the personalized support from Fudan University for original research for providing the financial support.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The photovoltaic performances for DSSCs with the multinary metal selenides CEs reported in the literatures, XRD patterns of the ternary selenides with different stoichiometric ratios, atomic ratios (Ni:Co:Se) of the as-prepared samples detected by ICP-AES, comparison of photovoltaic performance for DSSCs with various CEs, EDS spectrum and SEM-EDS elemental mapping for Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles on FTO, electrochemical stability against potential cycling of the Pt and Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles CEs.	What is CE?	64816
{ "text": [ "0.76 V" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.035	The phase pure Zn2SnO4 fiber exhibited a relatively higher open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of 0.76 V and 59.78%, respectively, compared to the ZnO-SnO2-Zn2SnO4 composite fiber which exhibited a lower Voc of 0.70 V and FF of 42.54%.	What is the value of Voc?	46476
{ "text": [ "9.98%" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }	10.1016/j.cclet.2016.07.002	The PCEs of these dyes are lying between 3.98% and 9.98%.	What is the value of PCE?	51398
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }	10.1039/C9DT00930B	The schematic structure of the device is glass/ITO/NiOx/CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x/PC61BM/BCP/Ag.	What is glass?	18686
{ "text": [ "platinum" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }	10.1039/C5EE00599J	The experimental setup consisted of a glassy carbon working electrode, platinum wire counter electrode and platinum reference electrode.	What is electrode?	20655
{ "text": [ "15.49 mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }	10.1039/C0DT01374A	5 and Table 2) for A597 gives a respectable short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 11.83 mAcm−2, which is lower than observed for Z907 (15.49 mAcm−2).	What is the value of JSC?	71943
{ "text": [ "16.54 mA·cm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.014	The reason for this result is that the LCMO@N-rGO composites achieve a higher Jsc of 16.54 mA·cm−2, Voc of 0.765 V, and FF of 62.32%.	What is the value of Jsc?	38035
{ "text": [ "8.65%" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.012	Notably, the DSSC with PtNi alloy CE yields a remarkable power conversion efficiency (η) of 8.65% (Jsc=17.6mAcm−2, Voc=0.702V, and FF=0.701) in comparison to 7.86% for pristine Pt CE based solar cell.	What is the value of η?	41217
{ "text": [ "0.87 V" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.112	When 15% content of carbon black was induced into LTCEs, Voc, Jsc and PCE of the device were increased to 0.87 V, 16.20 mA cm−2 and 5.73% respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	6259
{ "text": [ "78.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }	10.1039/C8NR06586A	The sputtered ITO/PET film-based flexible MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell exhibited a 1.1 V open circuit voltage (Voc), 17.7 mA cm−2 short circuit current density (Jsc), 76.9% fill factor (FF), and 15.0% power conversion efficiency (η) for the forward scan condition and a 1.1 V Voc, 17.8 mA cm−2Jsc, 78.8% FF, and 15.4% η for the reverse scan condition, whereas the ion-plated grown ITO/PET film based flexible solar cell had a 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 77.8% FF, and 16.5% η for the forward scan condition and 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 79.0% FF, and 16.8% η for the reverse scan condition.	What is the value of FF?	15087
{ "text": [ "53%" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.005	When the thickness of the ZrO2 film changed from 305nm to 167nm, the PCE of the device increased from 8.53% to 11.33%, Voc changed from 0.89V to 0.94V, Jsc changed from 20.87mA·cm−2 to 22.72mA·cm−2, and FF changed from 45.9% to 53%.	What is the value of FF?	10774
{ "text": [ "23.4mA·cm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }	10.1016/j.chempr.2017.03.011	Correspondingly, theefficient charge collection in X55-based devices can be related to fast hole transport and interfacial hole transfer, which also explains their high FF (0.77) and JSC(23.4mA·cm−2).In conclusion, two SFX-based 3D oligomers, X54 and X55, have been tailor-made via a simple one-pot reaction and successfully applied as efficient HTMs for high-performance PSCs.	What is the value of JSC?	7289
{ "text": [ "6.14%" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.242	The structure of NP/NF-based device and NP/NF/ZrO2-based device were showed in , the NP/NF-based device achieved Voc of 0.725V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.25mAcm−2, PCE of 6.14% and fill factor (FF) of 69.13%.	What is the value of PCE?	31792
{ "text": [ "51.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }	10.1039/C4CP03788J	This result was achieved with a 30 nm MoOx buffer layer, yielding an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 821 mV, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 14.5 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 51.9%.	What is the value of FF?	16468
{ "text": [ "13.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.018	Surprisingly, the improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of η=16.4% have been achieved for perovskite based solar cells employing BP nanosheets+Spiro-OMeTAD as an HTM as compared to spiro-OMeTAD (η=13.1%).	What is the value of η?	9906
{ "text": [ "15.4" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }	10.1039/C5TA09661H	A sequential layer by-layer vacuum sublimation method was developed to form a uniform perovskite film with unusual large-scale homogeneous crystalline structures, presenting a PCE as high as 15.4% for PSC devices (Table 3, AA = 5 mm2).	What is ?	16889
{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }	10.1016/j.jtice.2015.12.004	Photovoltaic measurements of fabricated solar cells were carried out using Zahner Cimps pcs solar simulator (Zahner, Kronach, Germany) under standard test conditions (STC i.e., irradiance of 100mW/cm2, AM 1.5 spectrum) with reference Si cell.a) had spherical morphology with narrow particle size distribution in the range 30–40nm.	What is the value of solar?	54726
{ "text": [ "532" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.03.135	In this work, 10%, 20% and 40% by weight of pre-oxidized silicon carbide was coupled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to form nanocomposite semiconductor via elegant pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique using second harmonic 532 nm wavelength of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser.	What is titanium dioxide?	24805
{ "text": [ "7.10%" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }	10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.018	Consequently, DSSC devices based on Co-N-CNFs CEs showed an impressive PCE of 9.05%, which is considerably higher than that of Pt (7.10%) measured under 100 mWcm–2 illumination (AM 1.5 G).	What is the value of PCE?	49490
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }	10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.07.019	Moreover, the performance of the DSSC containing the S2 nanohybrid as the CE and a TiO2-based photoanode (2.7–2.8μm) is superior to that of a previously reported DSSC containing NiO/graphene as the photoanode [In summary, rGO/NiO nanohybrids were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route with different amounts of Ni2+/Ni3+ species over an rGO surface.	What is photoanode?	32067
{ "text": [ "1.03 V" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }	10.1039/C8TA01408F	The PSCs built on the ESL with five layers of BPQDs exhibits a much higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.77 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 1.03 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.652, achieving a PCE of up to 11.26%, which is more than three times the efficiency of the device without an electron-selective material.Incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements were conducted to demonstrate the significant improvement of the device performance.	What is the value of Voc?	20056
{ "text": [ "730 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }	10.1039/C7CP04642A	Interestingly, the highest PCE of 6.04% corresponding to a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 11.67 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 730 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71, was achieved for the LX1-based DSC, in which the simple acrylic acid is employed as a π-bridged acceptor.	What is the value of Voc?	72605
{ "text": [ "5.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }	10.1016/j.cattod.2013.09.019	Thus we developed a simplified method for the preparation of thick mesoporous nanofiber electrodes with improved solar efficiency of 5.51% which outperforms that of pure mesoporous film (4.96%).The dye sensitized solar cell (DSC) is a cost effective alternative of solid-state photovoltaics The optimum TiO2 photoanode was sought among broad array of materials ranging from single crystals Most of the cited previous works on DSCs used pure nanofiber films, which were deposited either directly on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) Nanofibers (NF) were prepared by electrospinning from appropriate polymer templates and Ti-precursors by the Nanospider™ technology Mesoporous TiO2 films were prepared by supramolecular templating with a block copolymer Pluronic P-123.	What is the value of efficiency?	50451
{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }	10.1039/C6CP07592D	After baking at 150 °C for 1 hour for the formation of rubrene thin films (∼20 nm), the perovskite precursor solution (HI added) was spin-coated on the rubrene/ITO substrate and subsequently annealed at 100 °C for 2 min to form perovskite films (see ref.	What is substrate?	14577
{ "text": [ "0.688 V" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.024	The values of Voc, Jsc and FF of the DSSC with 0.05 M of DEOX were 0.688 V, 5.29 mA cm−2, and 0.597, respectively, yielding an overall conversion efficiency of 2.17%.	What is the value of Voc?	47281
{ "text": [ "0.73V" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.03.015	Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the LI-40 sensitized cell exhibited good photovoltaic performances: a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.59mAcm-2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.73V, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.64, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 6.75%, While LI-41 showed much lower η value of 2.63%, mainly due to the decreased Jsc (6.43mAcm-2).	What is the value of Voc?	39685
{ "text": [ "1.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.051	The DSSC based on PMn-HT-SCN dye shows a better comprehensive properties with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.61 V, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 4.32 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.58, corresponding to a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 1.53% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2), while PGa-HT-SCN sensitized one yields η=1.05% with Voc=0.65 V, Jsc=2.74 mA cm−2, and ff=0.59.	What is the value of η?	39304
{ "text": [ "14.92mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.04.003	For comparison, control groups sensitized by AZ360 or AZ362 were fabricated, which produce PCEs of 6.60% (Jsc=14.92mAcm−2, Voc=680.1mV, and FF=0.65) and 7.00% (Jsc=15.56mAcm−2, Voc=690.1mV, and FF=0.65), respectively.Next, different molar percentages of SE (10%, 30%, and 50%) were added into AZ362 for optimizing co-sensitized conditions, and corresponding devices exhibit PCEs of 7.46% (Jsc=15.91mAcm−2, Voc=700.0mV), 7.65% (Jsc=16.24mAcm−2, Voc=720.0mV), and 7.26% (Jsc=14.97mAcm−2, Voc=688.8mV), respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	56058
{ "text": [ "500 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }	10.1039/C3RA42852D	Similarly, the device based on the TPA-th-CN dye exhibits a short circuit current density (JSC) of 4.7 mA cm−2, an open circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 500 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.48%.	What is the value of VOC?	74650
{ "text": [ "0.584 V" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2013.11.020	Among the three dyes, DSSCs based on CSG2 exhibited the best overall light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 3.8% (JSC= 8.90 mA cm−2, VOC= 0.584 V, FF= 0.73) under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2).	What is the value of VOC?	45683
{ "text": [ "67.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.190	When the light is illuminated from the TFSA-GR side, the FPSC exhibits 0.97/0.97V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 16.04/16.32mAcm−2 current density (Jsc), 67.85/67.52% fill factor (FF), and 10.56/10.69% PCE for forward/reverse scans, respectively.	What is the value of FF?	8700
{ "text": [ "12.78%" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }	10.1039/C5TA05026J	The device exhibits a good PCE of 12.78%, with a high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.997 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 18.83 mW cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 68.04%.	What is the value of PCE?	14712
{ "text": [ "0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }	10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.003	The TiO2 paste was deposited on the FTO conductive glass using the doctor-blade technique to obtain suitable thickness of TiO2 film, as the photo anode, to prepare an active area of 0.25 cm2Subsequently, the TiO2 film was treated in 40 mM TiCl4 solution at 70 °C for 30 min, and after cooling to the room temperature, the sintered TiO2 thin film electrode was immersed in an ethanolic solution of natural dye for 24 h A solar simulator (Sharif Solar, Iran) was used to simulate solar irradiation (AM 1.5) under the light of 150 W, to inspect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC.	What is the value of active area?	57033
{ "text": [ "16.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }	10.1039/C7SE00377C	The 3D TiO2 nanoarray based PSCs exhibited higher PCEs of 12.27% for RTNR@RTB, 14.71% for RTNR@ATB and 16.06% for RTNR@Am-TB.	What is the value of PCE?	12827
{ "text": [ "3.04%" ], "answer_start": [ 316 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031	The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite device fabricated with mixing solvent of 5:5 exhibites a best performance (17.35mAcm−2/0.83V/72.2%/10.40%), whereas devices from pure DMSO (0:10) and DMF (10:0) yield poor performance including Jsc of 12.98 and 12.74mAcm−2, Voc of 0.68 and 0.65, FF of 42.6% and 36.7%, and PCE of 3.76% and 3.04%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	4708
{ "text": [ "0.2 Sun" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }	10.1039/C4TA00563E	Although DSCs using EP/PEDOT/PET counter electrodes show a lower efficiency at 1 Sun illumination compared to those using Pt/FTO electrodes and those reported in the literature for EP/FTO and PEDOT:PSS graphene composite/FTO counter electrodes, the efficiencies at 0.2 Sun are comparable.	What is the value of illumination?	68845
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }	10.1039/C4TA04704D	Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid induces tilted oriented dye geometry when it binds to the TiO2 surface for dyes JP1–JP3, and this will help suppress dye aggregation and prevent the I3− of the electrolyte penetrating into the TiO2 surface.	What is ?	66504
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2017.12.043	The increase in band-edge absorption around 600–750nm proves the improvement in the crystallinity of perovskites processed using NH4I additive (In summary, we have used NH4I as an additive for the first time, and it has been successfully applied as a halogen additive into PbI2 solution, resulting in the improvement of morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer.	What is perovskite?	1884
{ "text": [ "6.35%" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }	10.1039/C4DT03602F	The individually N719 sensitized device was found to exhibit a η value of 5.11% (with Jsc = 11.19 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.70 V and FF = 0.65), while the co-sensitized solar cell devices Zn1/N719, Zn2/N719 and Zn3/N719 showed η values of 5.63% (with Jsc = 13.88 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.69 V and FF = 0.58), 6.35% (with Jsc = 14.81 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.71 V and FF = 0.60), and 6.94% (with Jsc = 16.59 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.72 V and FF = 0.58), respectively (Table 5).	What is the value of η?	74730
{ "text": [ "5.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.086	The neat N719 and ETRC absorption spectrum shows broad absorption in the wavelength range of 300–705nm and 300–550nm respectively, wherein the N719 /ETRC mixture exhibits broader and higher absorption intensity.As per AM 1.5G (1 sun, 100mW/cm2), the conventional electrolyte based DSSCs exhibited a PCE of 5.72% (Jsc=11.10mA/cm2, Voc=0.747V and FF=0.69%) and on the other hand, the ETRC-1 and ETRC-2 displayed a higher PCE of 8.02% (Jsc=14.09mA/cm2, Voc=0.780V and FF=0.73%) and 7.60% (Jsc=13.65mA/cm2, Voc=0.770V and FF=0.72%) respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	48881
{ "text": [ "0.56 V" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }	10.1039/C6RA04915J	Substitution of PDT with PBA adversely impacts the performance, yielding a Jsc of 4.33 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.56 V and a FF of 66% and η of 1.5%.	What is the value of Voc?	76586
{ "text": [ "12.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.077	The Voc and Jsc values of the as-fabricated perovskite solar cells were increased from 0.86 to ∼0.93V, and from 17.21 to 21.56mAcm−2, respectively, resulting in significant improvements in PCE from 9.36% to 12.79%, which are mainly attributed to the passivation of Al2O3 at the TiO2 surface, and efficient reduction of charge recombination.	What is the value of PCE?	6049
{ "text": [ "1.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }	10.1039/C6CP06513A	The I–V curves show that the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and η increase in the order of OF-Py-Cat (0.40 mA cm−2, 0.06%) ≈ OF-Cat-Cat (0.47 mA cm−2, 0.07%) < OF-Car-Car (4.60 mA cm−2, 1.37%) < OF-Py-Car (5.28 mA cm−2, 1.51%) < OF-Py-Py (5.88 mA cm−2, 2.04%) (Fig.	What is the value of η?	69076
{ "text": [ "1.20%" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2012.02.026	With the improvement of NAs length, the Jsc and η of ZnO@TiO2 NAs increased (T1, 1.20%; T2, 2.94%; T3, 3.80%), which is similar to the case of ZnO NAs.	What is the value of η?	49382
{ "text": [ "60 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }	10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.036	The conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated using this electrolyte was 2.65%, which was higher than that of undoped polyvinylidene fluoride/KI/I2 polymer electrolyte (1.18%) under an illumination of 60 mW/cm2.	What is the value of illumination?	33318
{ "text": [ "980" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }	10.1039/C5NR08319B	S2).The interaction between TiO2 and YbF3-Ho are revealed under excitation at 980 nm.	What is TiO2?	75413
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.092	Even though the origin of Rs is due to the presence of FTO and contact wires, the presence of a hole-selective layer helps decrease the Rsg).	What is ?	5922
{ "text": [ "17.44mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.078	Interestingly, this cell presents a high value of short-circuit current density (Jsc) of ∼17.44mA/cm2 and can be attributed to the small size (∼7nm, b) of the SnO2 nanoparticles and its higher electron mobility [].	What is the value of Jsc?	41049
{ "text": [ "1.11 V" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }	10.1039/C8EE00995C	To begin with, the remarkably enhanced PCE is primarily ascribed to an increase in VOC from 1.06 V to 1.11 V and FF from 79.0% to 81.5%.	What is the value of VOC?	15556
{ "text": [ "iodide/triiodide" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.059	However, the Eox values of the dyes are much more positive than the iodide/triiodide (I2−/I3−) electrolyte (0.4V), indicating that the oxidized dyes can achieve a sufficient driving force to regenerate the dyes from the redox couple.	What is redox couple?	24960
{ "text": [ "1.42%" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.12.005	The highest η% value was obtained from the DSSC of Pt3G at 1.42% ().	What is the value of η?	54938
{ "text": [ "5.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }	10.1039/C5DT03834K	The PCE values measured for free-base 29 and zinc porphyrin 30 were 3.28% and 5.12%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	66094
{ "text": [ "11.75 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.03.021	In the case of the linker 1,6-diaminohexane, the Jsc, Voc and conversion efficiency of the pertaining cell were found to be 11.75 mA/cm2, 0.70 V and 4.5%, respectively, as against the values of 10.55 mA/cm2, 0.68 V and 4.0%, respectively, for a DSSC with ordinary N3 dye.	What is the value of Jsc?	54799
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.04.005	MR-1 has a smaller E0-0 than MR-2, providing more efficient light harvesting and electron injection into the CB edge of TiO2, which was also proven by the theoretical study of frontier molecular orbitals.	What is ?	53977
{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }	10.1039/C7RA09824C	Finally, an Ag–Al electrode (70 nm) was thermally evaporated at an atmospheric pressure of 10−7 Torr to match the work function.The morphology, structure and composition of the TiO2 arrays were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, HitachiS-4800), and X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Davinci instrument, Cu-Kα: λ = 0.15406 nm).	What is electrode?	20590
{ "text": [ "920 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }	10.1039/C6TA10506H	Moreover, owing to the highest VOC of 920 mV and a FF of 75.8%, dye SC-3 affords an impressive PCE of 11.5%, in spite of a slightly reduced JSC of 16.50 mA cm−2 compared to SC-2.	What is the value of VOC?	62271
{ "text": [ "4.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.089	Cell-TiO2-S reveals a Voc of 0.901 V, a Jsc of 7.21 mA cm−2 and a η of 4.66%, whereas Cell-TiO2-P presents a Voc of 0.842 V, a Jsc of 10.23 mA cm−2 and a η of 6.29%.	What is the value of η?	48287
{ "text": [ "62.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }	10.1039/C7NR03963H	The device with only PEDOT as the HTL showed a moderate PCE of 10.3% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.94 V, a current–density (JSC) of 17.5 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 62.7%.	What is the value of FF?	17428
{ "text": [ "10–12" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }	10.1039/C5RA17898C	A thin film of TiO2 (10–12 µm transparent + 5 µm scattering) was coated on a 0.25 cm2 FTO glass substrate, which was then immersed in a THF or CH2Cl2 solution containing 3 × 10−4 M dye sensitisers for 12 h, then rinsed with anhydrous acetonitrile and dried.	What is TiO2?	75764
{ "text": [ "68.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }	10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.036	However, the filling factor (FF) of the 0D TiO2 nanoparticle-based device was 68.4% while the 1D TiO2 nanofiber-based device exhibits only 66.4%.	What is the value of FF?	1966
{ "text": [ "7.54%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113522	Comparing with the Pt-based DSSC, the PCE of the DSSC with the optimized sulfur-doped CoSex (sulfur-doped NiSex) CE is enhanced from 6.38% to 7.44% (7.54%).Sulfur-doped MSex films were fabricated by the potential reversal electrodeposition technique.	What is the value of PCE?	58833
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2010.02.017	The transplanting process was effective to increase the power conversion efficiency of DSCs based on TiO2 nanotube arrays.	What is ?	28799
{ "text": [ "60 s" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }	10.1039/C5TA08262E	However, interestingly, when the MAI loading time is further increased to 120 s, the PCE drops unexpectedly to only 7.05% due to the significant reduction in Jsc (15.65 mA cm−2) and FF (49.79%), where the Voc is still comparable to the best devices prepared with 60 s loading time.	What is the value of time?	23128
{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.088	These data reveal that the reaction of the I3−/I− redox couples at Pt–NiO/Co3O4 CEs is diffusion-controlled and the I3−/I− redox couples do not interact with Pt–NiO/Co3O4 CEs The electrochemical stability of Pt–NiO CE is investigated by measuring 100 consecutive CV cycles as shown in .	What is redox couples?	45886
{ "text": [ "0.72 V" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.171	The Jsc increased from 14.15 to 15.69 mA cm−2 and the Voc increased from 0.70 to 0.72 V.	What is the value of Voc?	50635
{ "text": [ "10 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 734 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.096	As a result, the DSSC fabricated using the p-n junction can be suitable for high powered DSSC applications.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent a low-cost alternative to conventional photovoltaic devices and have recently attracted much research interest As we have seen, the research of novel architectures and high performance flexible electrodes, such as that with a p-n junction structure, good electroconductivity, and excellent flexibility is still a challenge for the science development In this paper, integrating the merits of the Ti-based substrates and PEDOT, we report on low temperature fabrication a new p-n junction of dye-sensitized TiO2-PEDOT/Ti and using in a large-area flexible DSSC with an active area of 10 cm2 (shown in 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer (EDOT) was purchased from Aldrich, USA.	What is the value of active area?	38318
{ "text": [ "0.13 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.040	The active area of the DSSC was 0.13 cm2 (diameter 0.4 cm).Electrochemical deposition was used to platinize FTO conduct glass which is used as a counter electrode.	What is the value of active area?	23755
{ "text": [ "0.67%" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }	10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163567	Such patterns suggest that the thicker Pt volume solution provided better performances as there was a high surface area for efficient catalytic capability towards redox reaction of electrolyte, retarding the implications of charge recombination and back reaction formation, giving higher Jsc and PCE from 0.67% to 1.09%.	What is the value of PCE?	38435
{ "text": [ "4.68%" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.042	The PCE of the resulting DSSCs (4.68% for a photoactive area of 0.36 cm2), which were assembled by electrospraying for 3 h, was higher than that of DSSCs assembled by dip coating for 30 h (4.28% for a photoactive area of 0.36 cm2), owing to the fact that the amount of dye adsorbed in the former case was much higher.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which were first proposed by Gräzel et al.	What is the value of PCE?	25251
{ "text": [ "17.24±0.70mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031	When increasing the thickness of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film up to ∼410nm from spray PbI2 concentration of 11%, comprehensive improvement in photovoltaic parameters (an average Jsc of 17.24±0.70mAcm−2, a Voc of 0.80±0.03V, a FF of 68.7±3.4%, and a PCE of 9.70±0.40% (10.40% in maximum)), even much higher than those of the devices with the other two higher concentration (13% and 15%) of PbI2 precursor ink.	What is the value of Jsc?	4712
{ "text": [ "8.62%" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.013	For a fair comparison, analogous films with similar thickness composed of pure NP-TiO2 were used to fabricate DSSCs under the same condition, whereas, only a PCE value of 8.62% was achieved ().	What is the value of PCE?	43789
{ "text": [ "0.34 V" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.073	The DSSC based on TO50 sample exhibits a Jsc of 2.32 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.34 V and FF of 0.30, which lead to the overall PCE of 0.23%.	What is the value of Voc?	38113
{ "text": [ "10.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.059	Benefited from the significantly enhanced Jsc and Voc, dye JY55 finally give the highest PCE of 10.06% with Jsc of 19.46mAcm−2, Voc of 829mV, and FF of 0.63.	What is the value of PCE?	48684
{ "text": [ "8.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.055	The PCE increase in the order of Ni-Co-Se-140 (7.41%) < Pt (8.07%) < Ni-Co-Se-160 (8.39%) < Ni-Co-Se-200 (8.72%) < Ni-Co-Se-180 (9.04%), which shows Ni-Co-Se alloy CEs achieve excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of I3−.	What is the value of PCE?	46820
{ "text": [ "7.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }	10.1039/C8TA09146C	After adding NH4Cl, the JSC, VOC, FF and PCE rise up to 10.78 mA cm−2, 1.00 V, 69% and 7.44%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	14036
{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.072	A solar simulator (Model 96160 Newport Co., USA) equipped with a 300W Xenon lamp was used as a light source, where the light intensity was adjusted to 100mWcm−2 using a NREL-calibrated silicon solar cell.	What is the value of solar?	791
{ "text": [ "10.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }	10.1039/C8ME00031J	Their J–V determined power conversion efficiency (PCE) also increases from an average of 8.6% to 10.4%.	What is the value of PCE?	18492
{ "text": [ "1.05 V" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.010	The MAPbI3−xClx mixed halide perovskite solar cells prepared by one step spin-coating of MAPbI3−xClx mixed halide perovskite powder/DMSO solution showed 1.05V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 20.1mAcm−2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 72% fill factor (FF), and 15.2% power conversion efficiency (η) for forward scan condition and 1.05 Voc, 20.1mAcm−2, 74% FF, and 15.6% η for reverse scan condition.	What is the value of Voc?	8856
{ "text": [ "18.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }	10.1039/C8NR06899B	Both can efficiently retard the interface charge recombination, and thus result in a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0%, improved by 20% as compared to that (15.0%) of the device fabricated with the 1D-RTNRA film.	What is the value of PCE?	17883
{ "text": [ "15.04 ± 0.04 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 427 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.054	DSSCs fabricated based on the ZnO coated photoeletrodes exhibit an IPCE of 71% with η-value of 7.51 ± 0.06% [short-circuit current density (JSC) = 17.93 ± 0.07 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 0.66 ± 0.01 V, fill factor (FF) = 0.62 ± 0.01] under Air Mass 1.5 sunlight, higher as compared to the reference DSSCs fabricated under similar conditions for ZnO free photoelectrodes, which exhibited η-value of 6.11 ± 0.02% (JSC= 15.04 ± 0.04 mA/cm2, VOC= 0.68 ± 0.01 V, FF = 0.60 ± 0.01) with platinum decorated counter electrodes.	What is the value of JSC?	50262
{ "text": [ "11.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1039/C7TC04649A	Optimized PSCs with a CdSe compact layer gave a PCE of 11.7%.Non-ETLs, such as Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2, have also been selected for the construction of mesoporous PSCs.	What is the value of PCE?	16763
{ "text": [ "6.14%" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }	10.1039/C4TC00169A	A similar pattern was found in DSSCs with the Co(II)/(III) electrolyte and their highest PCE of 6.14% was also shown by DSSCs based on DOBT-V, with Jsc = 11.35 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.760 V and FF = 71.16% under standard global AM1.5 solar conditions.Despite the advantages in Voc and FF, DSSCs based on DOBT-IV to VI with the Co(II)/(III) electrolyte have much lower PCEs than their counterparts with the I−/I3− electrolyte as a result of the considerably lower Jsc.	What is the value of PCE?	68338
{ "text": [ "7.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }	10.1039/C6TA02755E	The temperature gradients of both −5 and +5 K were created and observed to lead to a significant increase to 10.07% and decrease to 7.76% of the PCE in the DSSC with 10 wt% CNCs, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	73967
{ "text": [ "778 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }	10.1039/C4RA16493H	24), with bithiazole motifs flanked by a thiophene and triphenylamine, exhibited an η of 7.51% (JSC = 15.69 mA cm−2, VOC = 778 mV, FF = 0.61).	What is the value of VOC?	72813
{ "text": [ "15" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }	10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.065	The average crystallite sizes of the ZnO nanoparticles prepared using calcination temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °C were 15, 18, and 22 nm, respectively, as calculated using the size strain plot method (see Fig.	What is ZnO?	53639

{ "text": [ "4.34%" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }

10.1039/C8TC03542C

The device with the D35 dye was the best-performing one, with a VOC of 825 mV, JSC of 7.99 mA cm−2, FF of 0.66 and PCE of 4.34%.

What is the value of PCE?

70983

{ "text": [ "PbI2−xClx" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.001

Moreover, the porous nature of the PbI2−xClx precursor film has been confirmed to be essential for the realization of uniform perovskite film with large grain size as it provides a sufficient space for the coming structure expansion followed with the perovskite film formation.

What is perovskite?

2299

{ "text": [ "5.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }

10.1039/C3NR04462A

The NM DSSC fabricated from nanorod microspheres shows a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 10.9 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 738 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 63.6%, leading to an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 5.12%, whereas the NC DSSC fabricated from nanocrystalline particles shows a higher efficiency of 7.00%.

What is the value of η?

75452

{ "text": [ "17.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }

10.1039/C6TA06987H

The best device efficiency of 17.7% was achieved by applying HTM 16 with added Li-TFSI, TBP, and FK209, which performed better than devices based on doped HTM Sp01 (PCE = 17.1%).

What is the value of PCE?

13038

{ "text": [ "1.70%" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.02.014

The DSSC based on dye A showed an efficiency of η=1.70% (Jsc=4.49mAcm−2, VOC=0.61V, FF=0.62) under 100mWcm−2 simulated AM 1.5G solar irradiation compared to η=4.1% of the standard N3 obtained under same conditions.► New donor-acceptor dyes derived from naturally occurring luciferin.

What is the value of η?

59806

{ "text": [ "3.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }

10.1039/C5TA09763K

However, although the corresponding DSSC exhibited very broad IPCE spectra over the whole visible range extending into the near infrared (NIR) region up to 900 nm, the η value was limited to only 3.7% due to the insufficient driving force for the electron injection from the excited organic dyes into the TiO2 film.

What is the value of η?

69330

{ "text": [ "6.22mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.050

The cubic CsPbBr3(Cl) exhibits a champion Jsc of 8.47mAcm−2 and a PCE of 6.21%, superior to that of pure orthorhombic CsPbBr3 (6.22mAcm−2 and 3.78%).

What is the value of Jsc?

6228

{ "text": [ "8.59%" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }

10.1016/j.spmi.2018.07.024

Thus, the PCE gradually enhances from 5.37% to 8.59%.

What is the value of PCE?

6185

{ "text": [ "5.26%" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.12.006

The further study has shown that the highest η of 5.26%, with a short circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 9.68mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 740mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 73.48%, was achieved for 4b-sensitized solar cell in which the meso IDB moiety functions as an electron pushing group, and under the same conditions cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II)bis(tetrabutylammonium) namely N719-based DSSC reached a η of 6.02%.

What is the value of η?

33107

{ "text": [ "5428 Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }

10.1039/C6RA27211H

As the anodization time increased from 0 to 25 h, the resulting Rct sharply increased from 4.11 Ω for PVW-0 to 5428 Ω for PVW-8.5, followed by a remarkable drop to 322.7 Ω for PVW-20.

What is the value of Rct?

67721

{ "text": [ "0.618 V" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1039/C7TA00990A

The DSSC based on PEDOT CE prepared using 0.005 M has a low efficiency of 1.31% (Jsc of 3.986 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.618 V, and FF of 53.26%).

What is the value of Voc?

62347

{ "text": [ "0.89%" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }

10.1039/C4RA16399K

The short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and solar energy-to-electricity conversion yield (η) also increase in the order of OUJ-1 (2.00 mA cm−2, 0.54%) < NI-6 (2.96 mA cm−2, 0.79%) ≈ OUK-1 (2.99 mA cm−2, 0.89%) (Fig.

What is the value of η?

64751

{ "text": [ "11.09%" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2015.05.027

Solvent engineering of the electron transport layer using 1,8-diiodooctane for improving the performance of perovskite solar cellsIn this work, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was improved by 14.8% (from 11.09% to 12.73%) by using 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as a solvent additive during the deposition of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layers.

What is the value of PCE?

5229

{ "text": [ "11.8" ], "answer_start": [ 211 ] }

10.1039/B007840I

It is speculated that an interesting interactionoccurs between the dye and the TiO2 surface or betweenadjacent dye molecules, just like aggregates.The best incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE=11.8%) was observed on the TiO2 electrode with cyaninedye C1-D (n=1), and the efficiency dramatically decreasedfor n2.

What is IPCE?

64406

{ "text": [ "3.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.117

When the light casted from the rear side, the device based on PPy electrode shows lower Jsc (5.75mAcm−2) and η (3.06%), but higher FF (0.58) compared to the front-illumination.

What is the value of η?

57448

{ "text": [ "Pt" ], "answer_start": [ 971 ] }

10.1039/C8TC00611C

Our finding sheds light on why the ternary metal selenides are better than the corresponding binary metal selenides in terms of photovoltaic performance.We are thankful to the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21673049), the STCSM (168014342), the Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), and the personalized support from Fudan University for original research for providing the financial support.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The photovoltaic performances for DSSCs with the multinary metal selenides CEs reported in the literatures, XRD patterns of the ternary selenides with different stoichiometric ratios, atomic ratios (Ni:Co:Se) of the as-prepared samples detected by ICP-AES, comparison of photovoltaic performance for DSSCs with various CEs, EDS spectrum and SEM-EDS elemental mapping for Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles on FTO, electrochemical stability against potential cycling of the Pt and Ni0.12Co0.80Se nanoparticles CEs.

What is CE?

64816

{ "text": [ "0.76 V" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.035

The phase pure Zn2SnO4 fiber exhibited a relatively higher open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of 0.76 V and 59.78%, respectively, compared to the ZnO-SnO2-Zn2SnO4 composite fiber which exhibited a lower Voc of 0.70 V and FF of 42.54%.

What is the value of Voc?

46476

{ "text": [ "9.98%" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }

10.1016/j.cclet.2016.07.002

The PCEs of these dyes are lying between 3.98% and 9.98%.

What is the value of PCE?

51398

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }

10.1039/C9DT00930B

The schematic structure of the device is glass/ITO/NiOx/CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x/PC61BM/BCP/Ag.

What is glass?

18686

{ "text": [ "platinum" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }

10.1039/C5EE00599J

The experimental setup consisted of a glassy carbon working electrode, platinum wire counter electrode and platinum reference electrode.

What is electrode?

20655

{ "text": [ "15.49 mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }

10.1039/C0DT01374A

5 and Table 2) for A597 gives a respectable short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 11.83 mAcm−2, which is lower than observed for Z907 (15.49 mAcm−2).

What is the value of JSC?

71943

{ "text": [ "16.54 mA·cm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.014

The reason for this result is that the LCMO@N-rGO composites achieve a higher Jsc of 16.54 mA·cm−2, Voc of 0.765 V, and FF of 62.32%.

What is the value of Jsc?

38035

{ "text": [ "8.65%" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.012

Notably, the DSSC with PtNi alloy CE yields a remarkable power conversion efficiency (η) of 8.65% (Jsc=17.6mAcm−2, Voc=0.702V, and FF=0.701) in comparison to 7.86% for pristine Pt CE based solar cell.

What is the value of η?

41217

{ "text": [ "0.87 V" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.112

When 15% content of carbon black was induced into LTCEs, Voc, Jsc and PCE of the device were increased to 0.87 V, 16.20 mA cm−2 and 5.73% respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

6259

{ "text": [ "78.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }

10.1039/C8NR06586A

The sputtered ITO/PET film-based flexible MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell exhibited a 1.1 V open circuit voltage (Voc), 17.7 mA cm−2 short circuit current density (Jsc), 76.9% fill factor (FF), and 15.0% power conversion efficiency (η) for the forward scan condition and a 1.1 V Voc, 17.8 mA cm−2Jsc, 78.8% FF, and 15.4% η for the reverse scan condition, whereas the ion-plated grown ITO/PET film based flexible solar cell had a 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 77.8% FF, and 16.5% η for the forward scan condition and 1.1 V Voc, 19.3 mA cm−2Jsc, 79.0% FF, and 16.8% η for the reverse scan condition.

What is the value of FF?

15087

{ "text": [ "53%" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.005

When the thickness of the ZrO2 film changed from 305nm to 167nm, the PCE of the device increased from 8.53% to 11.33%, Voc changed from 0.89V to 0.94V, Jsc changed from 20.87mA·cm−2 to 22.72mA·cm−2, and FF changed from 45.9% to 53%.

What is the value of FF?

10774

{ "text": [ "23.4mA·cm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }

10.1016/j.chempr.2017.03.011

Correspondingly, theefficient charge collection in X55-based devices can be related to fast hole transport and interfacial hole transfer, which also explains their high FF (0.77) and JSC(23.4mA·cm−2).In conclusion, two SFX-based 3D oligomers, X54 and X55, have been tailor-made via a simple one-pot reaction and successfully applied as efficient HTMs for high-performance PSCs.

What is the value of JSC?

7289

{ "text": [ "6.14%" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.242

The structure of NP/NF-based device and NP/NF/ZrO2-based device were showed in , the NP/NF-based device achieved Voc of 0.725V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.25mAcm−2, PCE of 6.14% and fill factor (FF) of 69.13%.

What is the value of PCE?

31792

{ "text": [ "51.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }

10.1039/C4CP03788J

This result was achieved with a 30 nm MoOx buffer layer, yielding an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 821 mV, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 14.5 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 51.9%.

What is the value of FF?

16468

{ "text": [ "13.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.018

Surprisingly, the improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of η=16.4% have been achieved for perovskite based solar cells employing BP nanosheets+Spiro-OMeTAD as an HTM as compared to spiro-OMeTAD (η=13.1%).

What is the value of η?

9906

{ "text": [ "15.4" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }

10.1039/C5TA09661H

A sequential layer by-layer vacuum sublimation method was developed to form a uniform perovskite film with unusual large-scale homogeneous crystalline structures, presenting a PCE as high as 15.4% for PSC devices (Table 3, AA = 5 mm2).

What is ?

16889

{ "text": [ "100mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }

10.1016/j.jtice.2015.12.004

Photovoltaic measurements of fabricated solar cells were carried out using Zahner Cimps pcs solar simulator (Zahner, Kronach, Germany) under standard test conditions (STC i.e., irradiance of 100mW/cm2, AM 1.5 spectrum) with reference Si cell.a) had spherical morphology with narrow particle size distribution in the range 30–40nm.

What is the value of solar?

54726

{ "text": [ "532" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.03.135

In this work, 10%, 20% and 40% by weight of pre-oxidized silicon carbide was coupled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to form nanocomposite semiconductor via elegant pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique using second harmonic 532 nm wavelength of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser.

What is titanium dioxide?

24805

{ "text": [ "7.10%" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }

10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.10.018

Consequently, DSSC devices based on Co-N-CNFs CEs showed an impressive PCE of 9.05%, which is considerably higher than that of Pt (7.10%) measured under 100 mWcm–2 illumination (AM 1.5 G).

What is the value of PCE?

49490

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }

10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.07.019

Moreover, the performance of the DSSC containing the S2 nanohybrid as the CE and a TiO2-based photoanode (2.7–2.8μm) is superior to that of a previously reported DSSC containing NiO/graphene as the photoanode [In summary, rGO/NiO nanohybrids were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route with different amounts of Ni2+/Ni3+ species over an rGO surface.

What is photoanode?

32067

{ "text": [ "1.03 V" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }

10.1039/C8TA01408F

The PSCs built on the ESL with five layers of BPQDs exhibits a much higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.77 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 1.03 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.652, achieving a PCE of up to 11.26%, which is more than three times the efficiency of the device without an electron-selective material.Incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements were conducted to demonstrate the significant improvement of the device performance.

What is the value of Voc?

20056

{ "text": [ "730 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }

10.1039/C7CP04642A

Interestingly, the highest PCE of 6.04% corresponding to a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 11.67 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 730 mV and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71, was achieved for the LX1-based DSC, in which the simple acrylic acid is employed as a π-bridged acceptor.

What is the value of Voc?

72605

{ "text": [ "5.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }

10.1016/j.cattod.2013.09.019

Thus we developed a simplified method for the preparation of thick mesoporous nanofiber electrodes with improved solar efficiency of 5.51% which outperforms that of pure mesoporous film (4.96%).The dye sensitized solar cell (DSC) is a cost effective alternative of solid-state photovoltaics The optimum TiO2 photoanode was sought among broad array of materials ranging from single crystals Most of the cited previous works on DSCs used pure nanofiber films, which were deposited either directly on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) Nanofibers (NF) were prepared by electrospinning from appropriate polymer templates and Ti-precursors by the Nanospider™ technology Mesoporous TiO2 films were prepared by supramolecular templating with a block copolymer Pluronic P-123.

What is the value of efficiency?

50451

{ "text": [ "ITO" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }

10.1039/C6CP07592D

After baking at 150 °C for 1 hour for the formation of rubrene thin films (∼20 nm), the perovskite precursor solution (HI added) was spin-coated on the rubrene/ITO substrate and subsequently annealed at 100 °C for 2 min to form perovskite films (see ref.

What is substrate?

14577

{ "text": [ "0.688 V" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.024

The values of Voc, Jsc and FF of the DSSC with 0.05 M of DEOX were 0.688 V, 5.29 mA cm−2, and 0.597, respectively, yielding an overall conversion efficiency of 2.17%.

What is the value of Voc?

47281

{ "text": [ "0.73V" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.03.015

Under standard global AM 1.5 solar conditions, the LI-40 sensitized cell exhibited good photovoltaic performances: a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.59mAcm-2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.73V, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.64, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 6.75%, While LI-41 showed much lower η value of 2.63%, mainly due to the decreased Jsc (6.43mAcm-2).

What is the value of Voc?

39685

{ "text": [ "1.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.051

The DSSC based on PMn-HT-SCN dye shows a better comprehensive properties with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.61 V, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 4.32 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (ff) of 0.58, corresponding to a solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 1.53% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2), while PGa-HT-SCN sensitized one yields η=1.05% with Voc=0.65 V, Jsc=2.74 mA cm−2, and ff=0.59.

What is the value of η?

39304

{ "text": [ "14.92mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.04.003

For comparison, control groups sensitized by AZ360 or AZ362 were fabricated, which produce PCEs of 6.60% (Jsc=14.92mAcm−2, Voc=680.1mV, and FF=0.65) and 7.00% (Jsc=15.56mAcm−2, Voc=690.1mV, and FF=0.65), respectively.Next, different molar percentages of SE (10%, 30%, and 50%) were added into AZ362 for optimizing co-sensitized conditions, and corresponding devices exhibit PCEs of 7.46% (Jsc=15.91mAcm−2, Voc=700.0mV), 7.65% (Jsc=16.24mAcm−2, Voc=720.0mV), and 7.26% (Jsc=14.97mAcm−2, Voc=688.8mV), respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

56058

{ "text": [ "500 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }

10.1039/C3RA42852D

Similarly, the device based on the TPA-th-CN dye exhibits a short circuit current density (JSC) of 4.7 mA cm−2, an open circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 500 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.48%.

What is the value of VOC?

74650

{ "text": [ "0.584 V" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2013.11.020

Among the three dyes, DSSCs based on CSG2 exhibited the best overall light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 3.8% (JSC= 8.90 mA cm−2, VOC= 0.584 V, FF= 0.73) under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2).

What is the value of VOC?

45683

{ "text": [ "67.52%" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.190

When the light is illuminated from the TFSA-GR side, the FPSC exhibits 0.97/0.97V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 16.04/16.32mAcm−2 current density (Jsc), 67.85/67.52% fill factor (FF), and 10.56/10.69% PCE for forward/reverse scans, respectively.

What is the value of FF?

8700

{ "text": [ "12.78%" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }

10.1039/C5TA05026J

The device exhibits a good PCE of 12.78%, with a high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.997 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 18.83 mW cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 68.04%.

What is the value of PCE?

14712

{ "text": [ "0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }

10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.003

The TiO2 paste was deposited on the FTO conductive glass using the doctor-blade technique to obtain suitable thickness of TiO2 film, as the photo anode, to prepare an active area of 0.25 cm2Subsequently, the TiO2 film was treated in 40 mM TiCl4 solution at 70 °C for 30 min, and after cooling to the room temperature, the sintered TiO2 thin film electrode was immersed in an ethanolic solution of natural dye for 24 h A solar simulator (Sharif Solar, Iran) was used to simulate solar irradiation (AM 1.5) under the light of 150 W, to inspect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC.

What is the value of active area?

57033

{ "text": [ "16.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }

10.1039/C7SE00377C

The 3D TiO2 nanoarray based PSCs exhibited higher PCEs of 12.27% for RTNR@RTB, 14.71% for RTNR@ATB and 16.06% for RTNR@Am-TB.

What is the value of PCE?

12827

{ "text": [ "3.04%" ], "answer_start": [ 316 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031

The CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite device fabricated with mixing solvent of 5:5 exhibites a best performance (17.35mAcm−2/0.83V/72.2%/10.40%), whereas devices from pure DMSO (0:10) and DMF (10:0) yield poor performance including Jsc of 12.98 and 12.74mAcm−2, Voc of 0.68 and 0.65, FF of 42.6% and 36.7%, and PCE of 3.76% and 3.04%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

4708

{ "text": [ "0.2 Sun" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }

10.1039/C4TA00563E

Although DSCs using EP/PEDOT/PET counter electrodes show a lower efficiency at 1 Sun illumination compared to those using Pt/FTO electrodes and those reported in the literature for EP/FTO and PEDOT:PSS graphene composite/FTO counter electrodes, the efficiencies at 0.2 Sun are comparable.

What is the value of illumination?

68845

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }

10.1039/C4TA04704D

Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid induces tilted oriented dye geometry when it binds to the TiO2 surface for dyes JP1–JP3, and this will help suppress dye aggregation and prevent the I3− of the electrolyte penetrating into the TiO2 surface.

What is ?

66504

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2017.12.043

The increase in band-edge absorption around 600–750nm proves the improvement in the crystallinity of perovskites processed using NH4I additive (In summary, we have used NH4I as an additive for the first time, and it has been successfully applied as a halogen additive into PbI2 solution, resulting in the improvement of morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer.

What is perovskite?

1884

{ "text": [ "6.35%" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }

10.1039/C4DT03602F

The individually N719 sensitized device was found to exhibit a η value of 5.11% (with Jsc = 11.19 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.70 V and FF = 0.65), while the co-sensitized solar cell devices Zn1/N719, Zn2/N719 and Zn3/N719 showed η values of 5.63% (with Jsc = 13.88 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.69 V and FF = 0.58), 6.35% (with Jsc = 14.81 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.71 V and FF = 0.60), and 6.94% (with Jsc = 16.59 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.72 V and FF = 0.58), respectively (Table 5).

What is the value of η?

74730

{ "text": [ "5.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.086

The neat N719 and ETRC absorption spectrum shows broad absorption in the wavelength range of 300–705nm and 300–550nm respectively, wherein the N719 /ETRC mixture exhibits broader and higher absorption intensity.As per AM 1.5G (1 sun, 100mW/cm2), the conventional electrolyte based DSSCs exhibited a PCE of 5.72% (Jsc=11.10mA/cm2, Voc=0.747V and FF=0.69%) and on the other hand, the ETRC-1 and ETRC-2 displayed a higher PCE of 8.02% (Jsc=14.09mA/cm2, Voc=0.780V and FF=0.73%) and 7.60% (Jsc=13.65mA/cm2, Voc=0.770V and FF=0.72%) respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

48881

{ "text": [ "0.56 V" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }

10.1039/C6RA04915J

Substitution of PDT with PBA adversely impacts the performance, yielding a Jsc of 4.33 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.56 V and a FF of 66% and η of 1.5%.

What is the value of Voc?

76586

{ "text": [ "12.79%" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.077

The Voc and Jsc values of the as-fabricated perovskite solar cells were increased from 0.86 to ∼0.93V, and from 17.21 to 21.56mAcm−2, respectively, resulting in significant improvements in PCE from 9.36% to 12.79%, which are mainly attributed to the passivation of Al2O3 at the TiO2 surface, and efficient reduction of charge recombination.

What is the value of PCE?

6049

{ "text": [ "1.51%" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }

10.1039/C6CP06513A

The I–V curves show that the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and η increase in the order of OF-Py-Cat (0.40 mA cm−2, 0.06%) ≈ OF-Cat-Cat (0.47 mA cm−2, 0.07%) < OF-Car-Car (4.60 mA cm−2, 1.37%) < OF-Py-Car (5.28 mA cm−2, 1.51%) < OF-Py-Py (5.88 mA cm−2, 2.04%) (Fig.

What is the value of η?

69076

{ "text": [ "1.20%" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2012.02.026

With the improvement of NAs length, the Jsc and η of ZnO@TiO2 NAs increased (T1, 1.20%; T2, 2.94%; T3, 3.80%), which is similar to the case of ZnO NAs.

What is the value of η?

49382

{ "text": [ "60 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }

10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.08.036

The conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated using this electrolyte was 2.65%, which was higher than that of undoped polyvinylidene fluoride/KI/I2 polymer electrolyte (1.18%) under an illumination of 60 mW/cm2.

What is the value of illumination?

33318

{ "text": [ "980" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }

10.1039/C5NR08319B

S2).The interaction between TiO2 and YbF3-Ho are revealed under excitation at 980 nm.

What is TiO2?

75413

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.092

Even though the origin of Rs is due to the presence of FTO and contact wires, the presence of a hole-selective layer helps decrease the Rsg).

What is ?

5922

{ "text": [ "17.44mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.078

Interestingly, this cell presents a high value of short-circuit current density (Jsc) of ∼17.44mA/cm2 and can be attributed to the small size (∼7nm, b) of the SnO2 nanoparticles and its higher electron mobility [].

What is the value of Jsc?

41049

{ "text": [ "1.11 V" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }

10.1039/C8EE00995C

To begin with, the remarkably enhanced PCE is primarily ascribed to an increase in VOC from 1.06 V to 1.11 V and FF from 79.0% to 81.5%.

What is the value of VOC?

15556

{ "text": [ "iodide/triiodide" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.04.059

However, the Eox values of the dyes are much more positive than the iodide/triiodide (I2−/I3−) electrolyte (0.4V), indicating that the oxidized dyes can achieve a sufficient driving force to regenerate the dyes from the redox couple.

What is redox couple?

24960

{ "text": [ "1.42%" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.12.005

The highest η% value was obtained from the DSSC of Pt3G at 1.42% ().

What is the value of η?

54938

{ "text": [ "5.12%" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }

10.1039/C5DT03834K

The PCE values measured for free-base 29 and zinc porphyrin 30 were 3.28% and 5.12%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

66094

{ "text": [ "11.75 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.03.021

In the case of the linker 1,6-diaminohexane, the Jsc, Voc and conversion efficiency of the pertaining cell were found to be 11.75 mA/cm2, 0.70 V and 4.5%, respectively, as against the values of 10.55 mA/cm2, 0.68 V and 4.0%, respectively, for a DSSC with ordinary N3 dye.

What is the value of Jsc?

54799

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.04.005

MR-1 has a smaller E0-0 than MR-2, providing more efficient light harvesting and electron injection into the CB edge of TiO2, which was also proven by the theoretical study of frontier molecular orbitals.

What is ?

53977

{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }

10.1039/C7RA09824C

Finally, an Ag–Al electrode (70 nm) was thermally evaporated at an atmospheric pressure of 10−7 Torr to match the work function.The morphology, structure and composition of the TiO2 arrays were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, HitachiS-4800), and X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Davinci instrument, Cu-Kα: λ = 0.15406 nm).

What is electrode?

20590

{ "text": [ "920 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }

10.1039/C6TA10506H

Moreover, owing to the highest VOC of 920 mV and a FF of 75.8%, dye SC-3 affords an impressive PCE of 11.5%, in spite of a slightly reduced JSC of 16.50 mA cm−2 compared to SC-2.

What is the value of VOC?

62271

{ "text": [ "4.66%" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.089

Cell-TiO2-S reveals a Voc of 0.901 V, a Jsc of 7.21 mA cm−2 and a η of 4.66%, whereas Cell-TiO2-P presents a Voc of 0.842 V, a Jsc of 10.23 mA cm−2 and a η of 6.29%.

What is the value of η?

48287

{ "text": [ "62.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }

10.1039/C7NR03963H

The device with only PEDOT as the HTL showed a moderate PCE of 10.3% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.94 V, a current–density (JSC) of 17.5 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 62.7%.

What is the value of FF?

17428

{ "text": [ "10–12" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }

10.1039/C5RA17898C

A thin film of TiO2 (10–12 µm transparent + 5 µm scattering) was coated on a 0.25 cm2 FTO glass substrate, which was then immersed in a THF or CH2Cl2 solution containing 3 × 10−4 M dye sensitisers for 12 h, then rinsed with anhydrous acetonitrile and dried.

What is TiO2?

75764

{ "text": [ "68.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }

10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.06.036

However, the filling factor (FF) of the 0D TiO2 nanoparticle-based device was 68.4% while the 1D TiO2 nanofiber-based device exhibits only 66.4%.

What is the value of FF?

1966

{ "text": [ "7.54%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113522

Comparing with the Pt-based DSSC, the PCE of the DSSC with the optimized sulfur-doped CoSex (sulfur-doped NiSex) CE is enhanced from 6.38% to 7.44% (7.54%).Sulfur-doped MSex films were fabricated by the potential reversal electrodeposition technique.

What is the value of PCE?

58833

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2010.02.017

The transplanting process was effective to increase the power conversion efficiency of DSCs based on TiO2 nanotube arrays.

What is ?

28799

{ "text": [ "60 s" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }

10.1039/C5TA08262E

However, interestingly, when the MAI loading time is further increased to 120 s, the PCE drops unexpectedly to only 7.05% due to the significant reduction in Jsc (15.65 mA cm−2) and FF (49.79%), where the Voc is still comparable to the best devices prepared with 60 s loading time.

What is the value of time?

23128

{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.088

These data reveal that the reaction of the I3−/I− redox couples at Pt–NiO/Co3O4 CEs is diffusion-controlled and the I3−/I− redox couples do not interact with Pt–NiO/Co3O4 CEs The electrochemical stability of Pt–NiO CE is investigated by measuring 100 consecutive CV cycles as shown in .

What is redox couples?

45886

{ "text": [ "0.72 V" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.171

The Jsc increased from 14.15 to 15.69 mA cm−2 and the Voc increased from 0.70 to 0.72 V.

What is the value of Voc?

50635

{ "text": [ "10 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 734 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.096

As a result, the DSSC fabricated using the p-n junction can be suitable for high powered DSSC applications.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent a low-cost alternative to conventional photovoltaic devices and have recently attracted much research interest As we have seen, the research of novel architectures and high performance flexible electrodes, such as that with a p-n junction structure, good electroconductivity, and excellent flexibility is still a challenge for the science development In this paper, integrating the merits of the Ti-based substrates and PEDOT, we report on low temperature fabrication a new p-n junction of dye-sensitized TiO2-PEDOT/Ti and using in a large-area flexible DSSC with an active area of 10 cm2 (shown in 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer (EDOT) was purchased from Aldrich, USA.

What is the value of active area?

38318

{ "text": [ "0.13 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.040

The active area of the DSSC was 0.13 cm2 (diameter 0.4 cm).Electrochemical deposition was used to platinize FTO conduct glass which is used as a counter electrode.

What is the value of active area?

23755

{ "text": [ "0.67%" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }

10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163567

Such patterns suggest that the thicker Pt volume solution provided better performances as there was a high surface area for efficient catalytic capability towards redox reaction of electrolyte, retarding the implications of charge recombination and back reaction formation, giving higher Jsc and PCE from 0.67% to 1.09%.

What is the value of PCE?

38435

{ "text": [ "4.68%" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.09.042

The PCE of the resulting DSSCs (4.68% for a photoactive area of 0.36 cm2), which were assembled by electrospraying for 3 h, was higher than that of DSSCs assembled by dip coating for 30 h (4.28% for a photoactive area of 0.36 cm2), owing to the fact that the amount of dye adsorbed in the former case was much higher.Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which were first proposed by Gräzel et al.

What is the value of PCE?

25251

{ "text": [ "17.24±0.70mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.04.031

When increasing the thickness of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film up to ∼410nm from spray PbI2 concentration of 11%, comprehensive improvement in photovoltaic parameters (an average Jsc of 17.24±0.70mAcm−2, a Voc of 0.80±0.03V, a FF of 68.7±3.4%, and a PCE of 9.70±0.40% (10.40% in maximum)), even much higher than those of the devices with the other two higher concentration (13% and 15%) of PbI2 precursor ink.

What is the value of Jsc?

4712

{ "text": [ "8.62%" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.013

For a fair comparison, analogous films with similar thickness composed of pure NP-TiO2 were used to fabricate DSSCs under the same condition, whereas, only a PCE value of 8.62% was achieved ().

What is the value of PCE?

43789

{ "text": [ "0.34 V" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.073

The DSSC based on TO50 sample exhibits a Jsc of 2.32 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.34 V and FF of 0.30, which lead to the overall PCE of 0.23%.

What is the value of Voc?

38113

{ "text": [ "10.06%" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.059

Benefited from the significantly enhanced Jsc and Voc, dye JY55 finally give the highest PCE of 10.06% with Jsc of 19.46mAcm−2, Voc of 829mV, and FF of 0.63.

What is the value of PCE?

48684

{ "text": [ "8.72%" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.055

The PCE increase in the order of Ni-Co-Se-140 (7.41%) < Pt (8.07%) < Ni-Co-Se-160 (8.39%) < Ni-Co-Se-200 (8.72%) < Ni-Co-Se-180 (9.04%), which shows Ni-Co-Se alloy CEs achieve excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of I3−.

What is the value of PCE?

46820

{ "text": [ "7.44%" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }

10.1039/C8TA09146C

After adding NH4Cl, the JSC, VOC, FF and PCE rise up to 10.78 mA cm−2, 1.00 V, 69% and 7.44%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

14036

{ "text": [ "100mWcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.072

A solar simulator (Model 96160 Newport Co., USA) equipped with a 300W Xenon lamp was used as a light source, where the light intensity was adjusted to 100mWcm−2 using a NREL-calibrated silicon solar cell.

What is the value of solar?

791

{ "text": [ "10.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }

10.1039/C8ME00031J

Their J–V determined power conversion efficiency (PCE) also increases from an average of 8.6% to 10.4%.

What is the value of PCE?

18492

{ "text": [ "1.05 V" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.02.010

The MAPbI3−xClx mixed halide perovskite solar cells prepared by one step spin-coating of MAPbI3−xClx mixed halide perovskite powder/DMSO solution showed 1.05V open-circuit voltage (Voc), 20.1mAcm−2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 72% fill factor (FF), and 15.2% power conversion efficiency (η) for forward scan condition and 1.05 Voc, 20.1mAcm−2, 74% FF, and 15.6% η for reverse scan condition.

What is the value of Voc?

8856

{ "text": [ "18.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }

10.1039/C8NR06899B

Both can efficiently retard the interface charge recombination, and thus result in a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0%, improved by 20% as compared to that (15.0%) of the device fabricated with the 1D-RTNRA film.

What is the value of PCE?

17883

{ "text": [ "15.04 ± 0.04 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 427 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.054

DSSCs fabricated based on the ZnO coated photoeletrodes exhibit an IPCE of 71% with η-value of 7.51 ± 0.06% [short-circuit current density (JSC) = 17.93 ± 0.07 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 0.66 ± 0.01 V, fill factor (FF) = 0.62 ± 0.01] under Air Mass 1.5 sunlight, higher as compared to the reference DSSCs fabricated under similar conditions for ZnO free photoelectrodes, which exhibited η-value of 6.11 ± 0.02% (JSC= 15.04 ± 0.04 mA/cm2, VOC= 0.68 ± 0.01 V, FF = 0.60 ± 0.01) with platinum decorated counter electrodes.

What is the value of JSC?

50262

{ "text": [ "11.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1039/C7TC04649A

Optimized PSCs with a CdSe compact layer gave a PCE of 11.7%.Non-ETLs, such as Al2O3, ZrO2 and SiO2, have also been selected for the construction of mesoporous PSCs.

What is the value of PCE?

16763

{ "text": [ "6.14%" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }

10.1039/C4TC00169A

A similar pattern was found in DSSCs with the Co(II)/(III) electrolyte and their highest PCE of 6.14% was also shown by DSSCs based on DOBT-V, with Jsc = 11.35 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.760 V and FF = 71.16% under standard global AM1.5 solar conditions.Despite the advantages in Voc and FF, DSSCs based on DOBT-IV to VI with the Co(II)/(III) electrolyte have much lower PCEs than their counterparts with the I−/I3− electrolyte as a result of the considerably lower Jsc.

What is the value of PCE?

68338

{ "text": [ "7.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }

10.1039/C6TA02755E

The temperature gradients of both −5 and +5 K were created and observed to lead to a significant increase to 10.07% and decrease to 7.76% of the PCE in the DSSC with 10 wt% CNCs, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

73967

{ "text": [ "778 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }

10.1039/C4RA16493H

24), with bithiazole motifs flanked by a thiophene and triphenylamine, exhibited an η of 7.51% (JSC = 15.69 mA cm−2, VOC = 778 mV, FF = 0.61).

What is the value of VOC?

72813

{ "text": [ "15" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }

10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.065

The average crystallite sizes of the ZnO nanoparticles prepared using calcination temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °C were 15, 18, and 22 nm, respectively, as calculated using the size strain plot method (see Fig.

What is ZnO?

53639