answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 13
1.96k
| question
stringclasses 124
values | id
stringlengths 1
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3−xClx"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} | 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.08.002 | Because the Cl content was still very low in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx thin films of B(0.80+0.20), C(0.80+0.40) and D(0.80+0.60), the planar perovskite solar cell based on a 300 nm-thick perovskite thin film with the mixture of 0.80 M PbI2 and 0.20 M PbCl2 gave a best PCE of 10.12% with an average PCE of 9.93±0.19%.The PbI2 thin film and the mixed PbI2-PbCl2 thin films were successfully prepared by spin-coating the precursor solution of 0.80 M PbI2, 0.80 M PbI2+0.20 M PbCl2, 0.80 M PbI2+0.40 M PbCl2 and 0.80 M PbI2+0.60 M PbCl2. | What is perovskite? | 3024 |
{
"text": [
"1035 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.029 | The increase in Voc (from 986 for the TiO2-N/A GC based device to 1035 mV for the TiO2-50 mM GC based PSC) is attributed to an increased conduction band edge and thus up-shifted quasi Fermi energy level as a result of increase in the charge-carrier (electron) density, which leads to a better matched energy band edge between perovskite and TiO2 and thus boosts the charge extraction and collection within the cell b. | What is the value of Voc? | 1584 |
{
"text": [
"6.75%"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.04.019 | The η of the DSSC using NTP thin film electrode was about 5.23% with a 14.84mA/cm2 JSC, 0.80eV VOC, and 0.44 FF; while the η of the DSSC using NTT thin film electrode reached 6.75% with a 22.05mA/cm2 JSC, 0.70eV VOC, and 0.44 FF. | What is the value of η? | 59835 |
{
"text": [
"8.23%"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.056 | The black trace in (a) shows the J-V curve obtained from pure FAPbI3, with Jsc= 20.24 mA cm−2, Voc= 905 mV, FF= 0.452, and PCE= 8.23%. | What is the value of PCE? | 7123 |
{
"text": [
"7.42%"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} | 10.1039/C2DT31046E | The cells C3, C5 and C7, based on TiO2 PL–NP composite nanostructures with n = 3, 5 and 7, have η of 7.51, 8.06 and 7.42%, respectively, which is higher than that of CM, based on the TiO2 PL–NP mechanical mixture (6.93%). | What is the value of η? | 68207 |
{
"text": [
"21.96mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.105 | A concentration of 5wt% yields an average PCE of 17.05%, with a corresponding average Jsc of 21.96mA/cm2, Voc of 1.062V and F·F of 72.99. | What is the value of Jsc? | 3217 |
{
"text": [
"990 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} | 10.1039/C6QM00309E | An optimal PPDIDTT thickness is based on the concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1; increasing the thickness leads to a lower short-circuit current density (JSC) and a lower FF mainly due to higher series resistance, while decreasing the thickness leads to weaker trap-passivation, electron-extraction and lower JSC.With the introduction of the dual-function PPDIDTT interfacial layer, the modified devices exhibit a maximum PCE of 16.5%, with a JSC of 21.1 mA cm−2, a VOC of 990 mV and a vFF of 79.1% (Fig. | What is the value of VOC? | 15658 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.089 | The results indicates that the values of Rs and Rct1 for three cells are not significantly different due to the same component of FTO substrate, counter electrode and electrolyte used in the DSSCs. | What is substrate? | 48288 |
{
"text": [
"4 mm2"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} | 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.036 | The perovskite devices were masked with a metal aperture to define the active area of 4 mm2. | What is the value of active area? | 10451 |
{
"text": [
"4.02%"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA02335H | The energy conversion efficiency (η) of ZLD14 (4.20%) is 4.5% higher than that of ZLD13 (4.02%) because of the enhancement of Jsc values from ZLD13 to ZLD14. | What is the value of η? | 70219 |
{
"text": [
"10.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | 10.1039/C4CC09888A | The best performing metal-free organic sensitizers to date are D–A dyes C219, with a 10.1% PCE and RK1 with 10.2% (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 13538 |
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.062 | The active area of testing cell was 0.25 cm2.Light irradiation from a 500 W xenon lamp was focused through a monochromator onto the testing photovoltaic cell. | What is the value of active area? | 42285 |
{
"text": [
"62%"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA03370E | The perovskite cells with 80 nm-thick c-TiO2 and 600 nm-thick-m-TiO2 layers showed the highest photovoltaic parameters: JSC of 21.0 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.89 V, FF of 62%, and efficiency (η) of 11.5%. | What is the value of FF? | 14934 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA18758G | However, a higher amount of g-C3N4 can prominently decrease the electron transport from the TiO2 to the FTO substrate, and might partially cut off the effective connection among TiO2 nanoparticles, which can interrupt the fast transport of electrons from TiO2 to FTO substrates, thus resulting in the increase of electron transport resistance and subsequently the decrease of JSC.Ag nanoparticles deposited on the TiO2 surface also play a crucial role as a bridge for electron conduction by which the electrons can transfer to TiO2, and electron–hole pair separation in g-C3N4 becomes more efficient due to the formed Schottky barrier at the interface of the Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles. | What is substrate? | 76998 |
{
"text": [
"8.10%"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | 10.1039/C6CS00752J | The DSSC with the CoTe CE showed a PCE of 8.10%, which is highly comparable to that of the device with Pt CE (8.20%). | What is the value of PCE? | 66701 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | 10.1039/C6SC00876C | Thus, it is concluded that the introduction of the TPA groups to create a multi-armed structure in tetra-TPA is favorable for intermolecular charge transport in the amorphous film.Planar MAPbI3 hybrid solar cells with a device structure of FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/Au were prepared using the three HTMs. | What is ? | 13754 |
{
"text": [
"7.57%"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.034 | Profiting from the increase of Jsc and FF, the cell based on NiCo2S4/C CE yielded a higher PCE of 8.44% than that of NiCo2S4 (7.57%) and Pt CEs (8.19%).In summary, we have successfully designed the NiCo2S4/C nanoparticles via a facile solvothermal as CEs. | What is the value of PCE? | 25932 |
{
"text": [
"5.12%"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.061 | Under standard global AM 1.5 solar condition, an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 5.12% for JK-5 and 4.78% for JK-6 sensitized cells (for JK-5: short-circuit photocurrent density, Jsc=10.47 mA cm−2; open-circuit voltage, Voc=0.69 V; fill factor, ff=0.71. | What is the value of η? | 32474 |
{
"text": [
"14.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA04246B | Decreasing the ED-UL heating temperature from 450 °C to 150 °C resulted in a drastic decrease in PCE to 14.1%, mainly due to a significant decrease of the VOC by ∼0.09 V, and of the FF, from 0.66 to 0.59. | What is the value of PCE? | 15964 |
{
"text": [
"3 s"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA06870C | The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices fabricated from DMF solution increases from 0.55% to 6.95% as the spin-coating time is decreased from 30 s to 3 s, and the PCE of devices fabricated from DMSO solution also increases from 0.22% to 13.85% as the spin-coating time is decreased from 90 s to 15 s, indicating that the device performance becomes better as the spin-coating time is decreased. | What is the value of time? | 17382 |
{
"text": [
"7.77%"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.023 | The PV37 composite electrode delivers short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) of 16.22 mA/cm2, 0.76 V, and 0.63, respectively, generating its power-conversion efficiency (η) of 7.77%, which is superior to 7.31% for the bared PtNP electrode with Jsc, Voc, and FF of 15.63 mA/cm2, 0.82 V, and 0.57, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 37761 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.012 | The TiO2 colloid and mesoporous TiO2 anodes were prepared according to our previous reports The DSSC was fabricated by sandwiching redox electrolyte between a dye-sensitized TiO2 anode and a CE under an open system without any sealing. | What is anodes? | 55676 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | 10.1039/C2EE21569A | After cooling to 80 °C, the TiO2 electrodes were immersed into a solution of 0.5 mM bis(tetrabutylammonium)-cis-di(thiocyanato)-N,N′-bis(4-carboxylato-4′-carboxylic acid-2,2-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) (N719) in a mixture of acetonitrile and tert-butyl alcohol (v/v, 1:1), and kept at room temperature for 14 h.The solar cells were assembled by placing a nanocomposite plate (counter electrode) on the N719 dye-sensitized photo-electrode (working electrode). | What is ? | 63208 |
{
"text": [
"4.96%"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.079 | The device with a single CeOx layer as the ETL showed a very low PCE of 4.96% with a low Voc of 0.87V, a low Jsc of 10.12mAcm−2, and an FF of 56.51%. | What is the value of PCE? | 11265 |
{
"text": [
"18.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | 10.1039/C8NR06899B | Moreover, the PCE (17.8%) measured under reverse scanning mode for the 3D-RTNDA film-based device is very similar to that (18.0%) measured under forward scanning mode (Table 1), while the PCE (13.8%) measured under reverse scanning mode for the 1D-RTNRA film-based device is much lower than that (15.0%) measured in the forward scanning mode (Table 1). | What is the value of PCE? | 17886 |
{
"text": [
"ITO"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.04.016 | The optimized device with ITO(O2 plasma)/TP-FTzF-TP thin film electrode achieves a PCE of ~ 16.4%, with a JSC of ~ 21.94mAcm−2, VOC of ~ 1.04V, and a FF of ~ 0.72. | What is ? | 6707 |
{
"text": [
"0 days"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.12.034 | Although the p-type conductivity of CuSCN progressively increases even up to 30 days of reaction time, the solar cell performance of the DSSC made using CuSCN with 30 days reaction time is inferior to that made using CuSCN with 20 days reaction time. | What is the value of time? | 53832 |
{
"text": [
"0.51%"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.12.005 | In contrast, Pg3G (1) and Mv3G (5) did not show such an increase in η%, with values of 0.51% and 0.56%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 54931 |
{
"text": [
"6.11%"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.036 | We note that DSSC performance enhancement closely depends on the Co/Zn molar ratio, achieving a remarkably enhanced and optimal η of 6.11% for CZ-3 CE, with Voc, Jsc and FF values are 0.65 V, 15.1 mA/cm2 and 62.2%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 34563 |
{
"text": [
"0.71V"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104099 | As a result, the VOC values of the 1:3 Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells were improved significantly from 0.71V to 0.78V due to the suppressed nonradiative recombination, leading to high efficiencies of over 15%. | What is the value of VOC? | 9736 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.118 | But much surface states in both of TiO2-B NP and NW surface result in lower η. | What is ? | 42735 |
{
"text": [
"12.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA09691J | The device measured in the reverse direction showed a PCE of 12.6% with short-circuit current (Jsc) of 17.9 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.92 V, and fill factor (FF) of 76.3%, while the cell measured in the forward direction exhibited a low PCE of 11.7%, mainly due to the decreased FF (72.3%). | What is the value of PCE? | 23151 |
{
"text": [
"0.09 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} | 10.1039/C6NR07689K | All solar cells were covered with a black mask which was used to define the active area of the devices, and in this case it was 0.09 cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 18534 |
{
"text": [
"9.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} | 10.1039/C7TC04952H | Further adjustment of the selenization process, wherein a rapid thermal processing (RTP) furnace capable of delivering a constant supply of Se vapour to CZTS film was introduced, led to an enhanced performance of 9.3% PCE. | What is the value of PCE? | 17830 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.043 | Therefore, the employing of TEOS additive into perovskite precursor can result in reducing the non-radiative recombination and in facilitating charge extraction, consequently improving the device performance.In summary, we introduced TEOS additive into the pristine CH3NH3PbI3 precursor to fabricate high-qualified perovskite film. | What is perovskite? | 1972 |
{
"text": [
"MAPbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR02866C | Furthermore, decreasing the gaps between grains is expected to improve the quality of such large grains based perovskite films.PHJ solar cells with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3 (400 nm)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (50 nm)/BCP (8 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated and characterized under standard air-mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) illumination. | What is perovskite? | 14701 |
{
"text": [
"0.68V"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1016/j.spmi.2019.05.030 | As the amount of DMF was increased to 70μL, the PCE was significantly improved to 5.61% (VOC=0.68V, JSC=16.69mA/cm2 and FF=0.49). | What is the value of VOC? | 6346 |
{
"text": [
"100 mW/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.11.085 | Current–voltage (J–V) characteristics of DSSCs were measured with a potentiostat under AM 1.5G irradiation at 100 mW/cm2 using a solar simulator (CEP-2000, Bunko-keiki). | What is the value of solar? | 23439 |
{
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | 10.1039/C2TA00688J | The sealed DSSCs were used for the photocurrent–voltage tests with an active area of 0.25 cm2.The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEOL JEM-2010F, F20, 200 kV) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, HITACHI S4800). | What is the value of active area? | 76951 |
{
"text": [
"7.05%"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.05.015 | As observed in , the T-CG-25, T-CG-50, T-CG-75, and T-CG-100 photoanodes with CeO2:Gd nanoparticles showed 8.03%, 7.05%, 6.88% and 6.81% of PCE, respectively, which are higher than that of the reference photoanode. | What is the value of PCE? | 26466 |
{
"text": [
"15.19mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.086 | Use of bio-based SC in Ta-based bimetallic oxides resulted in increased Jsc values in DSSCs from 14.53mAcm−2 (FeTa2O6), 11.71mAcm−2 (CoTa2O6) and 11.07mAcm−2 (CuTa10O26) to 15.16mAcm−2 (FeTa2O6/SC), 15.79mAcm−2 (CoTa2O6/SC) and 15.19mAcm−2 (CuTa10O26/SC), respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 43713 |
{
"text": [
"FTO"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143646 | The Rs value decreased with increasing the MOF content, indicating that the composites provide better contact with the FTO substrate than pristine TiO2 aerogel which might be due to the following facts as explained follows: The rough surface due to enhanced porosity in composites allows deeper penetration of electrolyte and achieved good interfacial contact with the FTO substrate and dye-adsorbed TiO2 aerogel composite. | What is substrate? | 42346 |
{
"text": [
"0.65V"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} | 10.1016/j.flatc.2019.100105 | The photoconversion parameters of GO-b based devices are VOC=0.66V, JSC=11.83mAcm−2, FF=71.5% and PCE=5.58%., whereas, the Pt CE based exhibited VOC=0.65V, JSC=14.87mAcm−2 and FF=78.1% with PCE of 7.57%. | What is the value of VOC? | 32294 |
{
"text": [
"6.97%"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.152 | For references, the DSSCs from Se-only, Fe-only, and Pt-only CEs are also measured under the same conditions, giving a η of 5.75%, 2.74%, and 6.97%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 31785 |
{
"text": [
"0.714 V"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.121 | The DSSC device containing pure TiO2 crystallites has a Jsc of 12.27 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.714 V, and η of 6.13%. | What is the value of Voc? | 35996 |
{
"text": [
"0.92 V"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} | 10.1039/C5RA17129F | In contrast, after PABA modification, the best device exhibits a PCE of 10.58% with Jsc of 22.29 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.92 V and FF of 0.52, which is superior to the performance of the former. | What is the value of Voc? | 12197 |
{
"text": [
"0.776 V"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | 10.1039/C7SC03543H | The device using TTPA-OMeTPA exhibited a smaller η value of 10.8% due to the smaller Voc and Jsc values (Voc = 0.776 V, Jsc = 20.1 mA cm−2 and FF = 69.3). | What is the value of Voc? | 19861 |
{
"text": [
"5.29%"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.038 | However, the fabricated device with 1% Al doping content in ZnO nanostructure demonstrated Jsc=15.61mAcm−2, Voc=0.67V and fill factor of 50% leading to a PCE 5.29%. | What is the value of PCE? | 6664 |
{
"text": [
"5.24%"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} | 10.1039/C7SE00068E | D11 exhibited a better cell performance (η = 5.24%, Jsc = 11.33 mA cm−2, Voc = 650 mV and FF = 0.71) compared to D9 and D10 due to its extended π-conjugation spacer (phenyl-thiophene-phenyl). | What is the value of η? | 64926 |
{
"text": [
"7.97%"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA09911K | This doping process using a blend with AgOTf in the presence of a CH3NH3PbI3−xClx absorber layer significantly improved the PCE (11.90%) compared to conventional devices with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)/ITO (PCE ∼ 9.67%) or PET/aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO)/silver (Ag)/AZO (PCE ∼ 7.97%). | What is the value of PCE? | 14165 |
{
"text": [
"Au"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA04762B | To the best of our knowledge, the achieved PCE (18.87%) is the highest conversion efficiency among the devices with the structure of FTO/compact TiO2/meso-porous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3−xClx/HTM/Au employing small-molecular HTMs. | What is FTO? | 22637 |
{
"text": [
"1.02 V"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA10470C | The J–V curve of the device fabricated with 1.8 mg mL−1 Ni nanobelts exhibits the best photovoltaic performance with a Voc of 1.02 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.64 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 73.3%, yielding a champion PCE of 16.18% under simulated AM 1.5 100 mW cm−2 solar irradiation, as listed in Table 1. | What is the value of Voc? | 19459 |
{
"text": [
"6.10%"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.05.027 | The N-doped TiO2–B NW/TiO2 NP composite DSSCs have the highest η of 7.21% than that of TiO2 NP DSSCs (5.16%), N-doped TiO2 NP DSSCs (5.37%) and TiO2–B NW/TiO2 NP DSSCs (6.10%). | What is the value of η? | 39107 |
{
"text": [
"4.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA03425F | While the photovoltaic parameters (Jsc, Voc, FF and η) of the cells based on PPAT5 and PPAT6 are 700 mV, 8.05 mA, 0.65, 3.7% and 650 mV, 9.8 mA, 0.64, 4.1%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 66296 |
{
"text": [
"0.72 V"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2007.04.007 | shows that the Voc value of the cell fabricated using the (N3, PAA–en–N3)/TiO2 film electrode increased to 0.72 V relative to the value of 0.69 V of the reference cell. | What is the value of Voc? | 25764 |
{
"text": [
"1.70%"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC03542C | The addition of selenium sulfide increased the performance to a VOC of 750 mV, JSC of 5.04 mA cm−2, FF of 0.45 and PCE of 1.70% (compared to an efficiency of 1.09% of a device with S:DIB fabricated at the same time).Inorganic semiconducting materials are a class of compounds with great potential for energy conversion and transport. | What is the value of PCE? | 70993 |
{
"text": [
"0.868 V"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | 10.1039/C5TC01856K | When PBDTTT-C was used as the HTM, the PCE was increased to 9.95% with a JSC of 17.68 mA cm−2, a VOC of 0.868 V, and an FF of 64.83%. | What is the value of VOC? | 21506 |
{
"text": [
"0.2cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.028 | The two electrodes were clipped together and the active area was 0.2cm2.X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a Bruker D8 Focus diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.5406Å) operated at 40kV and 40mA. | What is the value of active area? | 32218 |
{
"text": [
"15.36%"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} | 10.1039/C9CS00059C | Eventually, the Zn-22 PSC provided a PCE of 17.78%, with a JSC of 22.68 mA cm−2, a VOC of 1.099 V, and a FF of 71.3%, whereas Cu-22 PSCs showed a slightly lower PCE of 15.36%, with the corresponding values of 21.60 mA cm−2, 1.072 V, and 66.3%.Remarkably, Cu-22 showed a lower VOC than Zn-22 in PSCs, in spite of the slightly deeper HOMO level of the former. | What is the value of PCE? | 13731 |
{
"text": [
"4.26%"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00788A | The overall conversion efficiencies (η) of DSSCs based on these dyes are in the range of 3.04 to 4.26% and highly dependent upon their donor moiety. | What is the value of η? | 70483 |
{
"text": [
"5.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA11398A | Moreover, a η of 5.2% has been achieved for a FNE48 based quasi-solid-state DSSC and this remained at 100% of the initial value after continuous light irradiation for 1500 h.Thiophene, 1,2-dithienylethane-1,2-dione, benzothiadiazole, and N-bromosuccinimide were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd, China. | What is the value of η? | 70342 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 10.1039/C4TC02249A | CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells were fabricated using the as-made TiO2 NRs as an ETM, which showed that shorter nanorods tend to achieve better photovoltaic performance, and the highest efficiency of ∼11% was obtained for the 0.7 μm NR-device. | What is perovskite? | 17412 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.064 | The next step was to deposit the Ureasil sol enriched with the above additives and the I−/I3− redox couple and to apply the counter electrode. | What is redox couple? | 32868 |
{
"text": [
"I−/I3−"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.009 | These results suggest that BMFG is better than BMG for application as CEs in DSCs.The cyclic voltammograms obtained for the redox reaction of I−/I3− with two graphite CEs and Pt CE are shown in . | What is redox reaction? | 33883 |
{
"text": [
"2.84%"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.07.021 | The FDSSCs with the ACNFs-900 nanofibers film gets a conversion efficiency (η) of 2.84%, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.71 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.9 mA·cm− 2 and fill factor (FF) of 31%. | What is the value of η? | 33606 |
{
"text": [
"7.65%"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA05436A | Finally, the QSS-DSSC with the POEI-II/MWCNT gel electrolyte has achieved the highest η of 7.65% with a VOC of 784 mV, a JSC of 14.50 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.67, and at the same time shown an unfailing durability of greater than 1000 h under 50 °C. | What is the value of η? | 61687 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} | 10.1016/j.mser.2008.09.001 | Researchers have measured τe as ∼0.6 s for TiO2 and 1 s for ZnO where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and e is the elementary charge. | What is ? | 34438 |
{
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.043 | The J–V curves of DSSCs were obtained in simulated AM 1.5 illumination (100mWcm−2, Peccell, PEC-L15) with a Keithley digital source meter (Keithley 2601, USA). | What is the value of illumination? | 24302 |
{
"text": [
"6.45%"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.011 | This indicates a 12.4% increase in PCE than that of the reference device based on the pure TiO2 photoanode (Jsc=17.17mAcm−2, Voc=0.715V, FF=0.53, PCE=6.45%). | What is the value of PCE? | 56544 |
{
"text": [
"1057 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | 10.1039/C7TC02954C | This suppressed non-radiative recombination should entail an increase in VOC and the VOC of the perovskite solar cell treated with polymer was 1057 mV larger than that of the reference with 1002 mV. | What is the value of VOC? | 13866 |
{
"text": [
"0.86V"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.008 | The DSSC sensitized with B1 with balanced length of conjugated bridge shows the highest photo-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency and the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.86V.In recent years, energy demands and global warming have aroused intense attention in clean renewable solar energy sources. | What is the value of Voc? | 42813 |
{
"text": [
"20.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA02142F | 4f, S12).The internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) and external quantum efficiencies (EQE) as well as reflectance spectra of the best performing cell (PCE = 20.6%) are shown in Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 12246 |
{
"text": [
"21.3"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.02.007 | The a-SnO2 based device yielded relatively higher PV parameters with a PCE of ~14.8%, a JSC of ~21.3 mAcm−2, a VOC ~1.05V and a FF ~66.3%. | What is ? | 8239 |
{
"text": [
"9.64%"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.088 | The PCEs of Co-MoSx-1/2, Co-MoSx-1/3, Co-MoSx-1/4 NBs, CoSx NPs and Pt based DSSCs are 8.72%, 9.64%, 9.23%, 7.78% and 8.39%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 33620 |
{
"text": [
"0.16cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2012.02.012 | The active area of the cell was typically 0.16cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 51510 |
{
"text": [
"0.85 V"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA01595B | DCB and DMSO treatments barely changed the short current density (Jsc), but obviously increased the open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.85 V to 0.90 V, and also enlarged the fill factor (FF) from 65.8% to more than 70%. | What is the value of Voc? | 21183 |
{
"text": [
"10.15%"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA04340A | 4a), achieving a significant PCE improvement from 8.81% to 10.15%. | What is the value of PCE? | 14968 |
{
"text": [
"22.38mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} | 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.035 | As the NH4Cl additive was further increased to 1: 1: 0.8, the values of Voc, Jsc, FF and PCE were 878.9mV, 22.38mA/cm2, 0.503 and 9.89%, among which Voc and FF increased by 2.1% and 20.9% compared with not added, respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 4760 |
{
"text": [
"0.73 V"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} | 10.1039/C6RA06220B | Especially, in the case of CPhT2PA/CDCA-based cell its RCT value (92.37 ohm) is nearly 4 times higher than that of CPhT2PA-based cell (21.69 ohm), agreeing with a huge improve of its VOC from 0.67 to 0.73 V. | What is the value of VOC? | 68941 |
{
"text": [
"71%"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | 10.1039/C6TC03621J | In comparison with the 62-based device showing a PCE of 2.71%, the higher performance of the 63-based one was attributed to the better intercalation of PC71BM into the lamellar structure of the film, which was revealed by TEM images and DFT-calculations.In short, the BHJ solar cells using QA derivatives as electron donors show large Voc and high FF values because of their low HOMO levels and strong π–π stacking, respectively. | What is the value of FF? | 76520 |
{
"text": [
"21.31%"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA11524A | 4i, the PCE of the CsFAMA devices was reduced to zero after 500 h, while the CsFAMA devices by co-passivation still maintained 97% of their initial efficiency even after 2500 h.It should be noted that the achieved 53.3% PCE enhancement in the MAPbI3 type PSCs as well as a champion PCE of 21.31% in the CsFAMA type PSCs based on the presented surface & GB co-passivation strategy are among the best in the records of the defect passivation related PSC performance, as shown in Table 2. | What is the value of PCE? | 21807 |
{
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.136 | For the perovskite layer, solution of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) was prepared by dissolution of 1:1 ratio of methyl ammonium iodide powder (Dye sol) and lead(II) iodide powder (Aldrich) in γ-butyrolactone:dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent (7:3, volume ratio) at 60°C. | What is perovskite? | 7696 |
{
"text": [
"0.69 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | 10.1039/C7RA05716D | In contrast, TD-T and DT show poorer Jsc, Voc, and FF values of (13.39 mA cm−2, 0.69 mV, 0.65) and (7.09 mA cm−2, 0.62 mV, 0.79), respectively, leading to inferior conversion efficiencies of 5.96% and 3.68%, respectively. | What is the value of Voc? | 71623 |
{
"text": [
"4.20%"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA02335H | The energy conversion efficiency (η) of ZLD14 (4.20%) is 4.5% higher than that of ZLD13 (4.02%) because of the enhancement of Jsc values from ZLD13 to ZLD14. | What is the value of η? | 70223 |
{
"text": [
"20.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} | 10.1039/C9SC01184F | 4-fold HTM-FX and HTM-FX’ exhibited PCEs of 19.5% and 20.8%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 21442 |
{
"text": [
"3.39%"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} | 10.1016/j.poly.2014.04.059 | The DSSC device using the Ru(II) dye with the 9-tolylcarbazole chromophore exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (η) up to 3.39%, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 8.06 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.62 V and a high fill factor (ff) of 0.68 under illumination of an AM 1.5 solar cell simulator.Because of the ascending demand for energy and the limited amount of fossil fuel available in our Earth, solar energy is expected to play a strategic role to deal with the energy crisis as it is abundant, unlimited in supply and clean Optimizing the energy levels of the photosensitizers is also a very important factor for high photovoltaic performance of DSSCs because the energy levels of the semiconductor anode and the redox electrolyte need to show a good match as they would affect the electron injection and dye regeneration The aim of this study is to design and synthesize a series of thiocyanate-free cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes (D1–D5), [Ru(dcbpy)2(L)]+PF6− (LH = 3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9-p-tolyl-9H-carbazole (D1), 2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (D2), 9-butyl-3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (D3), N-(4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (D4), 9,9-diethyl-7-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-9H-fluorenyl-2-amine (D5)), for DSSC application (). | What is the value of η? | 30244 |
{
"text": [
"12.78%"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR01864A | The as-prepared optimized device exhibits a PCE of 12.78%, and a maximum PCE of 14.87% is obtained for the device after a short storage under ambient conditions in the dark. | What is the value of PCE? | 12840 |
{
"text": [
"4.2 Ωcm2"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.032 | In contrast, the Rct value of Pt was 4.8 Ωcm2, higher than those of the SCS, OCS, and HSC (4.6, 3.7, and 4.2 Ωcm2). | What is the value of Rct? | 56497 |
{
"text": [
"TiO2"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | 10.1039/C2CP40900C | Dye (ruthenium-based dye, Z907) soaking for 16 h was done to ensure sufficient dye uptake by TiO2 before assembly with the counter electrode, where a ring spacer (SX1170-25, Solaronix) held them together and sealed off the cell active volume. | What is ? | 60196 |
{
"text": [
"16.31%"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.236 | When using 5%Y-NiO as a HTL, the device exhibited the champion performance with a Voc of 1.00V, a Jsc of 23.82mAcm−2, a FF of 68% and a PCE of 16.31%, resulting in a 27.62% enhancement in PCE in comparison with the device using a pristine NiO HTL. | What is the value of PCE? | 3560 |
{
"text": [
"15.88mAcm−2"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.09.083 | The highest Jsc of 15.88mAcm−2 and Voc of 730mV were obtained in the Au2.0-DSSC, showing 20.8% and 38mV enhancements, respectively, compared with that of the Au0.0-DSSCs. | What is the value of Jsc? | 48392 |
{
"text": [
"14.67mA/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.066 | The Jsc of DSSC with SnSe-1L is 14.67mA/cm2 and later decreased ~12.71mA/cm2 with SnSe-3L to 12.39mA/cm2 with SnSe-7L but Jsc of the DSSC with devices SnSe-9L to SnSe-15L shows lesser than 10.0mA/cm2. | What is the value of Jsc? | 47737 |
{
"text": [
"412 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} | 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.026 | ZnChl-2 gave a Jsc of 3.5 mA/cm2, Voc of 412 mV, FF of 0.56 and an overall conversion efficiency of 0.81 at full sun (1000 W m−2).Over the past two decades dye sensitized solar cells have emerged as an important technology for the development of low-cost, easy processable, clean energy production The efficient light harvesting potential of chlorophyll dyes, exemplified by their primary role in photosynthesis, makes them promising candidates for light harvesting antennas in dye sensitized solar cells A major challenge in designing molecular based solar cells lies in the choice and organization of the light absorbing pigments. | What is the value of Voc? | 34942 |
{
"text": [
"9%"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | 10.1039/C4MH00236A | Devices based on FTO/bl-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au yielded the highest PCE of 14.9%, with an average PCE of 13.4%, which is higher than pure FAPbI3- (11%) and MAPbI3- (12.5%) based devices. | What is the value of PCE? | 13366 |
{
"text": [
"6.75%"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16265B | P2 gained 80% efficiency (η = 5.42%) of that of P1 (η = 6.75%). | What is the value of η? | 64150 |
{
"text": [
"95 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} | 10.1039/C7SE00060J | Values of the short-circuit current density (JSC) = 4.06 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 95 mV and photoconversion efficiency (η) = 0.139% are the highest achieved for state-of-the-art cyclometallated ruthenium dyes in p-type DSCs; data are confirmed using duplicate devices. | What is the value of VOC? | 60997 |
{
"text": [
"0.13 cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA08799J | The small area devices were completed by depositing an 80 nm Au layer onto the Spiro-OMeTAD through shadow masks, defining an active area of 0.13 cm2. | What is the value of active area? | 14423 |
{
"text": [
"7.09%"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.166 | The overall PCEs of the four dyes lay in the range of 4.35–7.09%, with an order of QX24<QX25<QX22<QX23. | What is the value of PCE? | 40833 |
{
"text": [
"569 mV"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} | 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.006 | Furthermore, the Voc of the 11-cell (being 569 mV) was more than 200 mV larger than that of the dye 10 (Voc= 390 mV), implying less recombination or a positive shift of the conduction band edge of the TiO2 caused by the protons that dissociate from the carboxyl groups of the ruthenium dyes grafted on titania , was published in 2002. | What is the value of Voc? | 28080 |
{
"text": [
"3.10%"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA03810C | DSSCs based on rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays show a photoconversion efficiency (η) of 3.10%, with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.78 V and a short current density (JSC) of 6.44 mA cm−2, respectively, and so the fill factor (FF) was calculated to be 65.9%. | What is the value of η? | 60070 |
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