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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Island_(Alaska)
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Swan Island (Alaska)
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["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 57°55′53″N 134°14′12″W / 57.93139°N 134.23667°W / 57.93139; -134.23667Swan Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago, east of Admiralty Island, near the head of Seymour Canal, Southeast Alaska, United States. To its south is Tiedeman Island. It was named in 1890 by Lieutenant Commander Mansfield of the United States Navy. The first European to discover and chart the island was Joseph Whidbey, master of HMS Discovery during George Vancouver's 1791–1795 expedition, in 1794.
References
^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Swan Island
^ Vancouver, George, and John Vancouver (1801). A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and round the world. London: J. Stockdale.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
57°55′53″N 134°14′12″W / 57.93139°N 134.23667°W / 57.93139; -134.23667
This article about a location in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"reference":"Vancouver, George, and John Vancouver (1801). A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and round the world. London: J. Stockdale.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=qwol8bPaYxsC","url_text":"A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific ocean, and round the world"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Khamenei
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Mohammad Khamenei
|
["1 Biography","2 Political activism","2.1 Before 1979 Revolution","2.2 After 1979 Revolution","3 Assassination attempt","4 Scientific and Islamic activities","5 Cyrus The Great and Ancient Iran","6 See also","7 References"]
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Iranian Ayatollah
AyatollahSayyidMohammad Khameneiمحمد خامنهایAyatollah Mohammad Khamenei in 2015Member of the Islamic Consultative AssemblyIn office28 May 1980 – 27 May 1988ConstituencyMashhadMajority472,446 (76.4%)Member of the Assembly of Experts for ConstitutionIn office19 August 1979 – 19 November 1979ConstituencyKhorasan ProvinceMajority640,958 (60.3%)
Personal detailsBorn (1935-12-25) 25 December 1935 (age 88)Mashhad, Imperial State of IranParent(s)Javad KhameneiKhadijeh MirdamadiRelativesAli Khamenei (brother)Hadi Khamenei (brother)Badri Khamenei (sister)Alma materQom HawzaUniversity of Tehran
Sayyid Mohammad Khamenei (Persian: سید محمد خامنهای, born 25 December 1935) is an Iranian cleric and politician. He is the older brother of Ali Khamenei, the current Supreme Leader of Iran, and Hadi Khamenei. Currently, he is the president of Iranology Foundation, and Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation, he is a professor at Allameh Tabataba'i University, School of International Relations and Al-Zahra University. He was also one of the compilers of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and a member for the Islamic Consultative Assembly representing Mashhad.
Biography
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei was born on 25 December 1935 to a religious family in Mashhad. He is the oldest son of Javad Khamenei and Khadijeh Mirdamadi. He is the older brother of current Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei. He studied religious sciences and Arabic with his father at a young age, when he was 12 he started studying Tajweed and the meanings and interpretation of the Quran at Nawab School in Howzah in Mashhad a with teachers such as Ayatollah Mohammad Hadi al-Milani, Ayatollah Hashem Qazvini, Ayatollah Mirza Javad Tehrani. In 1955 he went to Qom where he was taught philosophy with Ayatollah Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, and other subjects with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Hossein Borujerdi. In 1964 he graduated from Tehran School of Law and Political Science in Criminal Justice.
Political activism
Before 1979 Revolution
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei started his political activities from 1951 to 1953 with the Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. He supported Abol-Ghasem Kashani and other clergy who advocated for the Nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry, he was very vocal about these ideas when he was a student in Nawab School, where he would often participate in rallies and lectures.
With the arrival of Ruhollah Khomeini on the political scene in Iran, he was very supportive of him and would distribute his tapes in Qom, Tehran, and Mashhad among others. Although he was heavily involved with the ongoing political climate in Iran during the '70s, he was never prosecuted by SAVAK as they didn't have files on him unlike his brothers. As the struggles intensified, he alongside others formed a secret group consisting of 11 members whose aim was to try and establish a centre to fight the Pahlavi regime. The members of this group was, Ali Khamenei, Ali Meshkini, Ahmad Azari Qomi, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi, Hussein-Ali Montazeri, Abdulrahim Shirazi, Mehdi Haeri Tehrani, Ali Qoddusi and Ebrahim Amini. The responsibility of Mohammad Khamenei in this group was to draft the group's charter, he wrote in Arabic for safety precautions however in the end SAVAK infiltrated the group and some members were arrested.
After 1979 Revolution
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei was involved with drafting of the Constitution as he was one of the 75 members of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution. He served in the first term as a representative of Razavi Khorasan. He was one of the 53 voters in favour for Velayat Faqih to be a part of the constitution. He was also involved with the drafting of the Algiers Accords between Iran and United States of America to help free the American hostages during the Iran hostage crisis.
He served the head of the Judicial Commissions during his first term in Islamic Consultative Assembly. He was one of the first opponents of the president at the time, Abolhassan Banisadr. During his second term, he was one of the eight lawmakers who was vocal against the Iran–Contra affair and was questioning the credibility of the foreign minister at the time, Ali Akbar Velayati.
Assassination attempt
On 10 January 1982, gunmen opened fire on Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei as he was leaving the assembly. He was shot in the back by the assailants and spent some time in hospital to recover from his injuries. However, his two bodyguards died during the attack.
Scientific and Islamic activities
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei resigned from political activities after the end of his second term in the Islamic Consultative Assembly and primarily focused on Islamic Philosophy, and Islamic Sciences. He was one of the founders of the Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation in 2000. Here he focused on his Islamic Sciences, as they have several departments that have been active since. He has also been in involved with research and teaching in Allameh Tabataba'i University, School of International Relations, Al-Zahra University and Islamic Azad University.
He has both translated and written many books such as.
Secrets of the Earth in the Quran (Translated from English)
Insurance in Islamic Law (Translated from Arabic)
Religion and Theology (Written)
Judicial Sciences (Written)
Spirit and Soul (Written)
Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy (Written)
Philosophy of being a Woman (Written)
Imam Ali and World Peace (Written)
Mulla Sadra’s Life, Character, and Philosophy (Written)
Characteristics of the Islamic Worldview (Translated from Arabic)
The Course of Wisdom in Iran and the World (Written)
And many more.
Cyrus The Great and Ancient Iran
Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei has also done some research into the philosophy, wisdom, and history of Ancient Iran (Pre-Islamic Iran). He published a book about this called 'The Cours of Wisdom in Iran and the World'. Currently he is the president of the Iranology Foundation, and said in an event held by Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation:
In ancient Iran, whether Aryan or indigenous Iranian governments (such as the Elamites or the northern Caspians or the Manichaean civilizations and the central regions in Kashan and Kerman) are all the founders of rich cultures and the production of science and art. And have typically been promoters of monotheism and morality. For example, Cyrus the Great and his son, with their seemingly military cultural jihad, spread monotheism in Mesopotamia, Sumer, Egypt, and Athens (Greece), and the clergy of that time were the greatest scientists and philosophers of their time.
See also
List of ayatollahs
Khamenei family
References
^ a b "مرکز پژوهشها - سیدمحمد حسینی خامنه ای". rc.majlis.ir. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
^ a b "موضوع رأي ندادن ۹۹ نفر براي امام، شوك بزرگي بود... - تابناک". www.tabnak.ir. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
^ "آیت الله سیدمحمد حسینی خامنه ای". qurantv.ir | شبکه قرآن (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ a b "یکی از خامنهای ها؛ نگاهی به خاطرات محمد خامنهای برادر بزرگتر رهبر ایران". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). 2013-06-03. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ "زندگینامه: سید محمد حسینی خامنهای (۱۳۱۴ -)". همشهری آنلاین (in Persian). 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ a b محمد،, خامنهاى، (2013). خاطرات آیتالله سیدمحمد خامنهای (جلد 1) (in Persian). ISBN 978-964-419-630-0.
^ "پاسخ به برخی ابهامهای تاریخی در "خاطرات آیتالله سیدمحمد خامنهای"". تاریخ شفاهی. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ "اعضای خبرگان قانون اساسی چه سرنوشتی یافتند؟". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). 2016-05-24. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ "ترور نافرجام حجتالاسلام "سيدمحمد خامنه اي" نماينده مجلس شوراي اسلامي (1360ش)". rasekhoon.net. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ a b "پايگاه اطلاع رساني بنياد حکمت اسلامي صدرا". www.mullasadra.org. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ "| مرکز دائرةالمعارف بزرگ اسلامی". www.cgie.org.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-01-22.
vteAli KhameneiPolitics
Ahl Al-Bayt World Assembly
Assassination attempt
October 1981 Iranian presidential election
1985 Iranian presidential election
Supreme Leader of Iran
Statement of 14 Political Activists
Executive Order 13876
Mahsa Amini protests
Policies
Fatwa against nuclear weapons
Islamic clerics in politics
Iran Slogan of the Year
Second Phase of the Revolution
Sex segregation
Anti-Zionism
8-Article Command to the Chiefs of Branches
Books and messages
A 250 Years Old Person
An Outline of Islamic Thought in the Quran
Four main books of Biographical-Evaluation
Ghena
Palestine
Ruhe-Tawhid, Nafye Obudiate GheireKhoda
Sharh-e Esm
Fatwa against insulting revered Sunni figures
To the Youth in Europe and North America
To the Youth in Western Countries
Family
Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh (wife)
Mostafa (son)
Mojtaba (son)
Masoud (son)
Javad (father)
Mohammad (brother)
Hadi (brother)
Badri (sister)
Ali Tehrani (brother-in-law)
Farideh Moradkhani (niece)
Mahmoud Moradkhani (nephew)
Co-fathers-in-law:
Azizollah Khoshvaght
Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
Mohsen Kharazi
Mohammad Mohammadi Golpayegani
Category
|
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He is the oldest son of Javad Khamenei and Khadijeh Mirdamadi. He is the older brother of current Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei. He studied religious sciences and Arabic with his father at a young age, when he was 12 he started studying Tajweed and the meanings and interpretation of the Quran at Nawab School in Howzah in Mashhad a with teachers such as Ayatollah Mohammad Hadi al-Milani, Ayatollah Hashem Qazvini, Ayatollah Mirza Javad Tehrani. In 1955 he went to Qom where he was taught philosophy with Ayatollah Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, and other subjects with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Hossein Borujerdi. In 1964 he graduated from Tehran School of Law and Political Science in Criminal Justice.[4][5]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Political activism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalization_of_the_Iranian_oil_industry"},{"link_name":"Abol-Ghasem Kashani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abol-Ghasem_Kashani"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-6"},{"link_name":"Ruhollah Khomeini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini"},{"link_name":"SAVAK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAVAK"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-4"},{"link_name":"Pahlavi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty"},{"link_name":"Ali Khamenei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei"},{"link_name":"Ali Meshkini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Meshkini"},{"link_name":"Ahmad Azari Qomi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Azari_Qomi"},{"link_name":"Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani"},{"link_name":"Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad-Taqi_Mesbah-Yazdi"},{"link_name":"Hussein-Ali Montazeri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein-Ali_Montazeri"},{"link_name":"Abdulrahim Shirazi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdulrahim_Shirazi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Mehdi Haeri Tehrani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mehdi_Haeri_Tehrani&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ali Qoddusi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qoddusi"},{"link_name":"Ebrahim Amini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrahim_Amini"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-6"}],"sub_title":"Before 1979 Revolution","text":"Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei started his political activities from 1951 to 1953 with the Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. He supported Abol-Ghasem Kashani and other clergy who advocated for the Nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry, he was very vocal about these ideas when he was a student in Nawab School, where he would often participate in rallies and lectures.[6]With the arrival of Ruhollah Khomeini on the political scene in Iran, he was very supportive of him and would distribute his tapes in Qom, Tehran, and Mashhad among others. Although he was heavily involved with the ongoing political climate in Iran during the '70s, he was never prosecuted by SAVAK as they didn't have files on him unlike his brothers.[4] As the struggles intensified, he alongside others formed a secret group consisting of 11 members whose aim was to try and establish a centre to fight the Pahlavi regime. The members of this group was, Ali Khamenei, Ali Meshkini, Ahmad Azari Qomi, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi, Hussein-Ali Montazeri, Abdulrahim Shirazi, Mehdi Haeri Tehrani, Ali Qoddusi and Ebrahim Amini.[7][6] The responsibility of Mohammad Khamenei in this group was to draft the group's charter, he wrote in Arabic for safety precautions however in the end SAVAK infiltrated the group and some members were arrested.","title":"Political activism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran"},{"link_name":"Assembly of Experts for Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts_for_Constitution"},{"link_name":"Razavi Khorasan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Province"},{"link_name":"Velayat Faqih","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Algiers Accords","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algiers_Accords"},{"link_name":"Iran hostage crisis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Islamic Consultative Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly"},{"link_name":"Abolhassan Banisadr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolhassan_Banisadr"},{"link_name":"Iran–Contra affair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair"},{"link_name":"Ali Akbar Velayati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Velayati"}],"sub_title":"After 1979 Revolution","text":"Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei was involved with drafting of the Constitution as he was one of the 75 members of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution. He served in the first term as a representative of Razavi Khorasan. He was one of the 53 voters in favour for Velayat Faqih to be a part of the constitution.[8] He was also involved with the drafting of the Algiers Accords between Iran and United States of America to help free the American hostages during the Iran hostage crisis.[2]He served the head of the Judicial Commissions during his first term in Islamic Consultative Assembly. He was one of the first opponents of the president at the time, Abolhassan Banisadr. During his second term, he was one of the eight lawmakers who was vocal against the Iran–Contra affair and was questioning the credibility of the foreign minister at the time, Ali Akbar Velayati.","title":"Political activism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"On 10 January 1982, gunmen opened fire on Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei as he was leaving the assembly. He was shot in the back by the assailants and spent some time in hospital to recover from his injuries. However, his two bodyguards died during the attack.[9]","title":"Assassination attempt"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Islamic Consultative Assembly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly"},{"link_name":"Islamic Philosophy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy"},{"link_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allameh_Tabataba%27i_University"},{"link_name":"School of International Relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_International_Relations"},{"link_name":"Al-Zahra University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zahra_University"},{"link_name":"Islamic Azad University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"}],"text":"Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei resigned from political activities after the end of his second term in the Islamic Consultative Assembly and primarily focused on Islamic Philosophy, and Islamic Sciences. He was one of the founders of the Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation in 2000. Here he focused on his Islamic Sciences, as they have several departments that have been active since. He has also been in involved with research and teaching in Allameh Tabataba'i University, School of International Relations, Al-Zahra University and Islamic Azad University.He has both translated and written many books such as.[10]Secrets of the Earth in the Quran (Translated from English)\nInsurance in Islamic Law (Translated from Arabic)\nReligion and Theology (Written)\nJudicial Sciences (Written)\nSpirit and Soul (Written)\nMulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy (Written)\nPhilosophy of being a Woman (Written)\nImam Ali and World Peace (Written)\nMulla Sadra’s Life, Character, and Philosophy (Written)\nCharacteristics of the Islamic Worldview (Translated from Arabic)\nThe Course of Wisdom in Iran and the World (Written)And many more.","title":"Scientific and Islamic activities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pre-Islamic Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Iran"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:3-10"},{"link_name":"Iranology Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranology_Foundation"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Cyrus the Great","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great"},{"link_name":"Mesopotamia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia"}],"text":"Seyyed Mohammad Khamenei has also done some research into the philosophy, wisdom, and history of Ancient Iran (Pre-Islamic Iran). He published a book about this called 'The Cours of Wisdom in Iran and the World'.[10] Currently he is the president of the Iranology Foundation, and said in an event held by Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation:[11]In ancient Iran, whether Aryan or indigenous Iranian governments (such as the Elamites or the northern Caspians or the Manichaean civilizations and the central regions in Kashan and Kerman) are all the founders of rich cultures and the production of science and art. And have typically been promoters of monotheism and morality. For example, Cyrus the Great and his son, with their seemingly military cultural jihad, spread monotheism in Mesopotamia, Sumer, Egypt, and Athens (Greece), and the clergy of that time were the greatest scientists and philosophers of their time.","title":"Cyrus The Great and Ancient Iran"}]
|
[]
|
[{"title":"List of ayatollahs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ayatollahs"},{"title":"Khamenei family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamenei_family"}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaniline
|
Fuchsine
|
["1 History","2 Acid fuchsine","3 Basic fuchsine","4 Properties","5 Chemical structure","6 See also","7 References","8 Further reading"]
|
For the sodium sulfonate derivative, see acid fuchsin.
Not to be confused with fuscin.
Fuchsine
Solid Basic FuchsineSolid basic fuchsine
Basic Fuchsine in aqueous solutionBasic fuchsine in aqueous solution
Names
IUPAC name
4-aniline hydrochloride
Identifiers
CAS Number
632-99-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:87665 Y
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1979636 Y
ChemSpider
10468578 Y
ECHA InfoCard
100.010.173
EC Number
209-321-2
KEGG
C19252
PubChem CID
12447
RTECS number
8053-09-6
UNII
8UUC89LHB2 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID6021246
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H19N3.ClH/c1-13-12-16(6-11-19(13)23)20(14-2-7-17(21)8-3-14)15-4-9-18(22)10-5-15;/h2-12,21H,22-23H2,1H3;1H/b20-14-,21-17?; NKey: NIKFYOSELWJIOF-SVFFXJIWSA-N NInChI=1/C20H19N3.ClH/c1-13-12-16(6-11-19(13)23)20(14-2-7-17(21)8-3-14)15-4-9-18(22)10-5-15;/h2-12,21H,22-23H2,1H3;1H/b20-14-,21-17?;Key: NIKFYOSELWJIOF-SVFFXJIWBQ
SMILES
.=C\1/C=C\C(C=C/1)=C(\c2ccc(N)c(C)c2)c3ccc(N)cc3
Properties
Chemical formula
C20H19N3·HCl
Molar mass
337.86 g/mol (hydrochloride)
Appearance
Dark green powder
Melting point
200 °C (392 °F; 473 K)
Solubility in water
2650 mg/L (25 °C (77 °F))
log P
2.920
Vapor pressure
7.49×10−10 mmHg (25 °C)
Henry's lawconstant (kH)
2.28×10−15 atm⋅m3/mole (25 °C)
Atmospheric OH rate constant
4.75×10−10 cm3/molecule⋅sec (25 °C)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Ingestion, inhalation, skin and eye contact, combustible at high temperature, slightly explosive around open flames and sparks.
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
1
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Fuchsine (sometimes spelled fuchsin) or rosaniline hydrochloride is a magenta dye with chemical formula C20H19N3·HCl. There are other similar chemical formulations of products sold as fuchsine, and several dozen other synonyms of this molecule.
It becomes magenta when dissolved in water; as a solid, it forms dark green crystals. As well as dying textiles, fuchsine is used to stain bacteria and sometimes as a disinfectant. In the literature of biological stains the name of this dye is frequently misspelled, with omission of the terminal -e, which indicates an amine. American and English dictionaries (Webster's, Oxford, Chambers, etc.) give the correct spelling, which is also used in the literature of industrial dyeing. It is well established that production of fuchsine results in development of bladder cancers by production workers. Production of magenta is listed as a circumstance known to result in cancer.
History
Fuchsine was first created by Jakub Natanson in 1856 from aniline and 1,2-Dichloroethane. In 1858 August Wilhelm von Hofmann obtained it from aniline and carbon tetrachloride. François-Emmanuel Verguin discovered the substance independently of Hofmann the same year and patented it. Fuchsine was named by its original manufacturer Renard frères et Franc, is usually cited with one of two etymologies: from the color of the flowers of the plant genus Fuchsia, named in honor of botanist Leonhart Fuchs, or as the German translation Fuchs of the French name Renard, which means fox. An 1861 article in Répertoire de Pharmacie said that the name was chosen for both reasons.
Acid fuchsine
Acid fuchsine is a mixture of homologues of basic fuchsine, modified by addition of sulfonic groups. While this yields twelve possible isomers, all of them are satisfactory despite slight differences in their properties.
Basic fuchsine
Basic fuchsine is a mixture of rosaniline, pararosaniline, new fuchsine and Magenta II. Formulations usable for making of Schiff reagent must have high content of pararosanilin. The actual composition of basic fuchsine tends to somewhat vary by vendor and batch, making the batches differently suitable for different purposes.
In solution with phenol (also called carbolic acid) as an accentuator it is called carbol fuchsin and is used for the Ziehl–Neelsen and other similar acid-fast staining of the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis, leprosy etc. Basic fuchsine is widely used in biology to stain the nucleus, and is also a component of Lactofuchsin, used for Lactofuchsin mounting.
Properties
Basic fuchsine pieces. The two magenta stains on the paper were made by placing one drop of ethanol-water azeotrope, centre, and water, right, on the streaks remaining on the paper after the 'crystals' were removed. The 'crystals' were then replaced and the photograph taken.
The crystals pictured at the right are of basic fuchsine, also known as basic violet 14, basic red 9, pararosanaline or CI 42500. Their structure differs from the structure shown above by the absence of the methyl group on the upper ring, otherwise they are quite similar.
They are soft, with a hardness of less than 1, about the same as or less than talc. They possess a strong metallic lustre and a green yellow color. They leave dark greenish streaks on paper and when these are moistened with a solvent, the strong magenta colour appears.
Chemical structure
Fuchsine is an amine salt and has three amine groups, two primary amines and a secondary amine. If one of these is protonated to form ABCNH+, the positive charge is delocalized across the whole symmetrical molecule due to pi cloud electron movement.
The positive charge can be thought of as residing on the central carbon atom and all three "wings" becoming identical aromatic rings terminated by a primary amine group. Other resonance structures can be conceived, where the positive charge "moves" from one amine group to the next, or one third of the positive charge resides on each amine group. The ability of fuchsine to be protonated by a stronger acid gives it its basic property. The positive charge is neutralized by the negative charge on the chloride ion. The positive "basic fuchsinium ions" and negative chloride ions stack to form the salt "crystals" depicted above.
See also
New fuchsine and Acid fuchsine are related dyes
Fuchsine is a component in the Schiff test
Fuchsine is now often used in the Gram stain procedure in microbiology.
Basic Fuchsine is a component in the Lactofuchsin mount
References
^ a b "Basic chemical data". Discovery Series online database, Developmental Therapeutics Program, U.S. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
^ Goyal, S.K. "Use of rosaniline hydrochloride dye for atmospheric SO2 determination and method sensitivity analysis". Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 3, 666–670, doi:10.1039/b106209n. Retrieved on 2007-10-08.
^ Baker JR (1958) Principles of Biological Microtechnique. London: Methuen.
^ Hunger K (2003) Industrial Dyes. Chemistry, Properties, Applications. Weinheim: wiley-VHC.
^ MAGENTA AND MAGENTA PRODUCTION (PDF). IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS. Vol. 99. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 2010. pp. 297 to 324. Retrieved January 12, 2013. Magenta production is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).
^ "The battle for magenta".
^ von Hofmann, August Wilhelm (1859). "Einwirkung des Chlorkohlenstoffs auf Anilin. Cyantriphenyldiamin". Journal für Praktische Chemie. 77: 190–191. doi:10.1002/prac.18590770130.
^ von Hofmann, August Wilhelm (1858). "Action of Bichloride of Carbon on Aniline". Philosophical Magazine: 131–142.
^ "Necrologie. Verguin". Le Moniteur Scientifique du Docteur Quesneville: Journal des Sciences pures et appliquées (in French). Paris, France: 42–46. 1865.
^ Béchamp, M. A. (January–June 1860.) "Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. 1860. (T. 50)." French Academy of Sciences, Mallet-Bachelier: Paris, tome 50, page 861. Retrieved on 2007-09-25.
^ (2004.) "Fuchsin" The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, via dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-20
^ "Fuchsine." Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine (Website.) ARTFL Project: 1913 Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-09-25
^ Chevreul, M. E. (July 1860). "Note sur les étoffes de soie teintes avec la fuchsine, et réflexions sur le commerce des étoffes de couleur." Répertoire de Pharmacie, tome XVII, p. 62. Retrieved on 2007-09-25.
^ Belt, H. V. D.; Hornix, Willem J.; Bud, Robert; Van Den Belt, Henk (1992). "Why Monopoly Failed: The Rise and Fall of Société La Fuchsine". The British Journal for the History of Science. 25 (1): 45–63. doi:10.1017/S0007087400045325. JSTOR 4027004. S2CID 80725880.
^ Horobin RW & Kiernan JA 20002. Conn's Biological Stains, 10th ed. Oxford: BIOS, p. 184–191
^ "StainsFile - Stain theory - Accentuators". Archived from the original on 2016-10-03. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
^ Clark G 1973 Staining Procedures Used by the Biological Stain Commission, 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, pp. 252–254
Further reading
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fuchsine" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 273. This provides a detailed account of early experimentation on related chemicals.
vteMicrobial and histological stainsIron/hemosiderin
Perls Prussian blue
Lipids
Sudan stain
Sudan II
Sudan III
Sudan IV
Oil Red O
Sudan Black B
Carbohydrates
Alcian blue
Mucicarmine
Periodic acid–Schiff stain
Amyloid
Congo red
Thioflavin
Bacteria
Gram stain
Methyl violet/Gentian violet
Safranin
Acid-fast
Ziehl–Neelsen stain/Kinyoun stain
Carbol fuchsin/Fuchsine
Methylene blue
Auramine–rhodamine stain
Auramine O
Rhodamine B
Auramine phenol stain
Connective tissue
trichrome stain: Masson's trichrome stain/Lillie's trichrome
Light Green SF yellowish
Biebrich scarlet
Phosphomolybdic acid
Fast Green FCF
Sirius Red
Van Gieson's stain
Other
Cresyl violet
Cyanine
Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain
H&E stain
Haematoxylin
Eosin Y
Janus Green B
Giemsa stain
Gömöri trichrome stain
Luxol fast blue stain
Methyl blue
Moeller stain
Movat's stain
Neutral red
Schaeffer–Fulton stain
Silver stain
Bielschowsky stain
Grocott's methenamine silver stain
Warthin–Starry stain
Wright's stain
Tissue stainability
Acidophilic
Basophilic
Chromophobic
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"acid fuchsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_fuchsin"},{"link_name":"fuscin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuscin"},{"link_name":"magenta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magenta"},{"link_name":"dye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye"},{"link_name":"chemical formula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nih-basic-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nih-basic-1"},{"link_name":"water","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water"},{"link_name":"solid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid"},{"link_name":"green","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green"},{"link_name":"crystals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal"},{"link_name":"textiles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile"},{"link_name":"stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining_(biology)"},{"link_name":"bacteria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria"},{"link_name":"disinfectant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant"},{"link_name":"terminal -e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_e#Truly_silent_e"},{"link_name":"amine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"circumstance known to result in cancer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_1_carcinogens"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"For the sodium sulfonate derivative, see acid fuchsin.Not to be confused with fuscin.Chemical compoundFuchsine (sometimes spelled fuchsin) or rosaniline hydrochloride is a magenta dye with chemical formula C20H19N3·HCl.[1][2] There are other similar chemical formulations of products sold as fuchsine, and several dozen other synonyms of this molecule.[1]It becomes magenta when dissolved in water; as a solid, it forms dark green crystals. As well as dying textiles, fuchsine is used to stain bacteria and sometimes as a disinfectant. In the literature of biological stains the name of this dye is frequently misspelled, with omission of the terminal -e, which indicates an amine.[3] American and English dictionaries (Webster's, Oxford, Chambers, etc.) give the correct spelling, which is also used in the literature of industrial dyeing.[4] It is well established that production of fuchsine results in development of bladder cancers by production workers. Production of magenta is listed as a circumstance known to result in cancer.[5]","title":"Fuchsine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Jakub Natanson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakub_Natanson"},{"link_name":"aniline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline"},{"link_name":"1,2-Dichloroethane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2-Dichloroethane"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"August Wilhelm von Hofmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann"},{"link_name":"aniline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline"},{"link_name":"carbon tetrachloride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"François-Emmanuel Verguin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-Emmanuel_Verguin&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Emmanuel_Verguin"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Fuchsia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsia"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fuchsin2004-11"},{"link_name":"Leonhart Fuchs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhart_Fuchs"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Fuchsine was first created by Jakub Natanson in 1856 from aniline and 1,2-Dichloroethane.[6] In 1858 August Wilhelm von Hofmann obtained it from aniline and carbon tetrachloride.[7][8] François-Emmanuel Verguin [fr] discovered the substance independently of Hofmann the same year and patented it.[9] Fuchsine was named by its original manufacturer Renard frères et Franc,[10] is usually cited with one of two etymologies: from the color of the flowers of the plant genus Fuchsia,[11] named in honor of botanist Leonhart Fuchs, or as the German translation Fuchs of the French name Renard, which means fox.[12] An 1861 article in Répertoire de Pharmacie said that the name was chosen for both reasons.[13][14]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Acid fuchsine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_fuchsine"},{"link_name":"sulfonic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonic_acid"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Acid fuchsine is a mixture of homologues of basic fuchsine, modified by addition of sulfonic groups. While this yields twelve possible isomers, all of them are satisfactory despite slight differences in their properties. [citation needed]","title":"Acid fuchsine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pararosaniline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pararosaniline"},{"link_name":"new fuchsine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_fuchsine"},{"link_name":"Magenta II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magenta_II&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Schiff reagent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiff_reagent"},{"link_name":"phenol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol"},{"link_name":"accentuator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accentuator_(of_staining)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"carbol fuchsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbol_fuchsin"},{"link_name":"Ziehl–Neelsen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl%E2%80%93Neelsen_stain"},{"link_name":"acid-fast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fast"},{"link_name":"mycobacteria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium"},{"link_name":"tuberculosis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis"},{"link_name":"leprosy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"nucleus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_nucleus"},{"link_name":"Lactofuchsin mounting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactofuchsin_mount"}],"text":"Basic fuchsine is a mixture of rosaniline, pararosaniline, new fuchsine and Magenta II.[15] Formulations usable for making of Schiff reagent must have high content of pararosanilin. The actual composition of basic fuchsine tends to somewhat vary by vendor and batch, making the batches differently suitable for different purposes.In solution with phenol (also called carbolic acid) as an accentuator[16] it is called carbol fuchsin and is used for the Ziehl–Neelsen and other similar acid-fast staining of the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis, leprosy etc.[17] Basic fuchsine is widely used in biology to stain the nucleus, and is also a component of Lactofuchsin, used for Lactofuchsin mounting.","title":"Basic fuchsine"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basic_Fuchsine_Crystals.JPG"},{"link_name":"ethanol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol"},{"link_name":"azeotrope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeotrope"},{"link_name":"CI 42500","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_Index_International"},{"link_name":"methyl group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_group"},{"link_name":"hardness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness"}],"text":"Basic fuchsine pieces. The two magenta stains on the paper were made by placing one drop of ethanol-water azeotrope, centre, and water, right, on the streaks remaining on the paper after the 'crystals' were removed. The 'crystals' were then replaced and the photograph taken.The crystals pictured at the right are of basic fuchsine, also known as basic violet 14, basic red 9, pararosanaline or CI 42500. Their structure differs from the structure shown above by the absence of the methyl group on the upper ring, otherwise they are quite similar.They are soft, with a hardness of less than 1, about the same as or less than talc. They possess a strong metallic lustre and a green yellow color. They leave dark greenish streaks on paper and when these are moistened with a solvent, the strong magenta colour appears.","title":"Properties"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"primary amines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_amines"},{"link_name":"secondary amine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_amine"},{"link_name":"protonated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonation"},{"link_name":"aromatic rings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_ring"},{"link_name":"clarification needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"},{"link_name":"resonance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance_(chemistry)"},{"link_name":"basic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)"}],"text":"Fuchsine is an amine salt and has three amine groups, two primary amines and a secondary amine. If one of these is protonated to form ABCNH+, the positive charge is delocalized across the whole symmetrical molecule due to pi cloud electron movement.The positive charge can be thought of as residing on the central carbon atom and all three \"wings\" becoming identical aromatic rings terminated by a primary amine group.[clarification needed] Other resonance structures can be conceived, where the positive charge \"moves\" from one amine group to the next, or one third of the positive charge resides on each amine group. The ability of fuchsine to be protonated by a stronger acid gives it its basic property. The positive charge is neutralized by the negative charge on the chloride ion. The positive \"basic fuchsinium ions\" and negative chloride ions stack to form the salt \"crystals\" depicted above.","title":"Chemical structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chisholm, Hugh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm"},{"link_name":"\"Fuchsine\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fuchsine"},{"link_name":"Encyclopædia Britannica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Stains"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Stains"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stains"},{"link_name":"Microbial and histological stains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staining"},{"link_name":"Iron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron"},{"link_name":"hemosiderin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemosiderin"},{"link_name":"Perls Prussian blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perls_Prussian_blue"},{"link_name":"Lipids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid"},{"link_name":"Sudan stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_stain"},{"link_name":"Sudan II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_II"},{"link_name":"Sudan III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_III"},{"link_name":"Sudan IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_IV"},{"link_name":"Oil Red O","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_Red_O"},{"link_name":"Sudan Black B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_Black_B"},{"link_name":"Carbohydrates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate"},{"link_name":"Alcian blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcian_blue_stain"},{"link_name":"Mucicarmine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucicarmine_stain"},{"link_name":"Periodic acid–Schiff stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_acid%E2%80%93Schiff_stain"},{"link_name":"Amyloid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid"},{"link_name":"Congo red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_red"},{"link_name":"Thioflavin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioflavin"},{"link_name":"Bacteria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria"},{"link_name":"Gram stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_stain"},{"link_name":"Methyl violet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_violet"},{"link_name":"Gentian violet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_violet"},{"link_name":"Safranin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safranin"},{"link_name":"Acid-fast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-fastness"},{"link_name":"Ziehl–Neelsen stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl%E2%80%93Neelsen_stain"},{"link_name":"Kinyoun stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinyoun_stain"},{"link_name":"Carbol fuchsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbol_fuchsin"},{"link_name":"Fuchsine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Methylene blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_blue"},{"link_name":"Auramine–rhodamine stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auramine%E2%80%93rhodamine_stain"},{"link_name":"Auramine O","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auramine_O"},{"link_name":"Rhodamine B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamine_B"},{"link_name":"Auramine phenol stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auramine_phenol_stain"},{"link_name":"Connective tissue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connective_tissue"},{"link_name":"trichrome stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichrome_stain"},{"link_name":"Masson's trichrome stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masson%27s_trichrome_stain"},{"link_name":"Lillie's trichrome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillie%27s_trichrome"},{"link_name":"Light Green SF yellowish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Green_SF_yellowish"},{"link_name":"Biebrich scarlet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biebrich_scarlet"},{"link_name":"Phosphomolybdic acid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphomolybdic_acid"},{"link_name":"Fast Green FCF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Green_FCF"},{"link_name":"Sirius Red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius_Red"},{"link_name":"Van Gieson's stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Gieson%27s_stain"},{"link_name":"Cresyl violet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresyl_violet"},{"link_name":"Cyanine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanine"},{"link_name":"Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh%E2%80%93Bhattacharji_(JSB)_stain"},{"link_name":"H&E stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%26E_stain"},{"link_name":"Haematoxylin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematoxylin"},{"link_name":"Eosin Y","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosin_Y"},{"link_name":"Janus Green B","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_Green_B"},{"link_name":"Giemsa stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giemsa_stain"},{"link_name":"Gömöri trichrome stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6m%C3%B6ri_trichrome_stain"},{"link_name":"Luxol fast blue stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxol_fast_blue_stain"},{"link_name":"Methyl blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_blue"},{"link_name":"Moeller stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeller_stain"},{"link_name":"Movat's stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movat%27s_stain"},{"link_name":"Neutral red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_red"},{"link_name":"Schaeffer–Fulton stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaeffer%E2%80%93Fulton_stain"},{"link_name":"Silver stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_stain"},{"link_name":"Bielschowsky stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielschowsky_stain"},{"link_name":"Grocott's methenamine silver stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grocott%27s_methenamine_silver_stain"},{"link_name":"Warthin–Starry stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthin%E2%80%93Starry_stain"},{"link_name":"Wright's stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright%27s_stain"},{"link_name":"Acidophilic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidophile_(histology)"},{"link_name":"Basophilic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic"},{"link_name":"Chromophobic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromophobe"}],"text":"Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Fuchsine\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 273. This provides a detailed account of early experimentation on related chemicals.vteMicrobial and histological stainsIron/hemosiderin\nPerls Prussian blue\nLipids\nSudan stain\nSudan II\nSudan III\nSudan IV\nOil Red O\nSudan Black B\nCarbohydrates\nAlcian blue\nMucicarmine\nPeriodic acid–Schiff stain\nAmyloid\nCongo red\nThioflavin\nBacteria\nGram stain\nMethyl violet/Gentian violet\nSafranin\nAcid-fast\nZiehl–Neelsen stain/Kinyoun stain\nCarbol fuchsin/Fuchsine\nMethylene blue\nAuramine–rhodamine stain\nAuramine O\nRhodamine B\nAuramine phenol stain\nConnective tissue\ntrichrome stain: Masson's trichrome stain/Lillie's trichrome\nLight Green SF yellowish\nBiebrich scarlet\nPhosphomolybdic acid\nFast Green FCF\nSirius Red\nVan Gieson's stain\nOther\nCresyl violet\nCyanine\nJaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain\nH&E stain\nHaematoxylin\nEosin Y\nJanus Green B\nGiemsa stain\nGömöri trichrome stain\nLuxol fast blue stain\nMethyl blue\nMoeller stain\nMovat's stain\nNeutral red\nSchaeffer–Fulton stain\nSilver stain\nBielschowsky stain\nGrocott's methenamine silver stain\nWarthin–Starry stain\nWright's stain\nTissue stainability\nAcidophilic\nBasophilic\nChromophobic","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Solid Basic Fuchsine","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Sample_of_Basic_Fuchsine.jpg/100px-Sample_of_Basic_Fuchsine.jpg"},{"image_text":"Basic Fuchsine in aqueous solution","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Basic_Fuchsine_in_aqueous_solution.jpg/100px-Basic_Fuchsine_in_aqueous_solution.jpg"},{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Basic fuchsine pieces. The two magenta stains on the paper were made by placing one drop of ethanol-water azeotrope, centre, and water, right, on the streaks remaining on the paper after the 'crystals' were removed. The 'crystals' were then replaced and the photograph taken.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Basic_Fuchsine_Crystals.JPG/220px-Basic_Fuchsine_Crystals.JPG"}]
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[{"title":"New fuchsine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_fuchsine"},{"title":"Acid fuchsine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_fuchsine"},{"title":"Schiff test","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiff_test"},{"title":"Gram stain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_stain"},{"title":"microbiology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology"},{"title":"Lactofuchsin mount","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactofuchsin_mount"}]
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[{"reference":"MAGENTA AND MAGENTA PRODUCTION (PDF). IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS. Vol. 99. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 2010. pp. 297 to 324. Retrieved January 12, 2013. Magenta production is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).","urls":[{"url":"http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol99/mono99-12.pdf","url_text":"MAGENTA AND MAGENTA PRODUCTION"}]},{"reference":"\"The battle for magenta\".","urls":[{"url":"https://edu.rsc.org/feature/the-battle-for-magenta/2020242.article","url_text":"\"The battle for magenta\""}]},{"reference":"von Hofmann, August Wilhelm (1859). \"Einwirkung des Chlorkohlenstoffs auf Anilin. Cyantriphenyldiamin\". Journal für Praktische Chemie. 77: 190–191. doi:10.1002/prac.18590770130.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fprac.18590770130","url_text":"10.1002/prac.18590770130"}]},{"reference":"von Hofmann, August Wilhelm (1858). \"Action of Bichloride of Carbon on Aniline\". Philosophical Magazine: 131–142.","urls":[{"url":"http://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/jportal_jpvolume_00057523?XSL.view.objectmetadata=false&jumpback=true&maximized=true&page=PMS_1859_Bd17_%200089.tif","url_text":"\"Action of Bichloride of Carbon on Aniline\""}]},{"reference":"\"Necrologie. Verguin\". Le Moniteur Scientifique du Docteur Quesneville: Journal des Sciences pures et appliquées [The Scientific Monitor of Doctor Quesneville: Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences] (in French). Paris, France: 42–46. 1865.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=z-MEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA42","url_text":"\"Necrologie. Verguin\""}]},{"reference":"Belt, H. V. D.; Hornix, Willem J.; Bud, Robert; Van Den Belt, Henk (1992). \"Why Monopoly Failed: The Rise and Fall of Société La Fuchsine\". The British Journal for the History of Science. 25 (1): 45–63. doi:10.1017/S0007087400045325. JSTOR 4027004. S2CID 80725880.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007087400045325","url_text":"10.1017/S0007087400045325"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4027004","url_text":"4027004"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:80725880","url_text":"80725880"}]},{"reference":"\"StainsFile - Stain theory - Accentuators\". Archived from the original on 2016-10-03. Retrieved 2012-06-28.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161003122706/http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/theory/accent.htm","url_text":"\"StainsFile - Stain theory - Accentuators\""},{"url":"http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/theory/accent.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Fuchsine\" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 273.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm","url_text":"Chisholm, Hugh"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fuchsine","url_text":"\"Fuchsine\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonely_No_More
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Lonely No More
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["1 Song information","2 Music video","3 Awards and nominations","3.1 APRA Awards","4 Track listings","5 Credits and personnel","6 Charts","6.1 Weekly charts","6.2 Year-end charts","7 Sales and certifications","8 Release history","9 See also","10 References"]
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2005 single by Rob Thomas
"Lonely No More"Single by Rob Thomasfrom the album ...Something to Be B-side"Fallen"ReleasedFebruary 14, 2005 (2005-02-14)Studio
The Hit Factory (New York City)
BiCoastal Music (Ossining, New York)
Conway, Henson (Los Angeles)
Length3:47Label
Atlantic
Melisma
Songwriter(s)Rob ThomasProducer(s)Matt SerleticRob Thomas singles chronology
"A New York Christmas" (2003)
"Lonely No More" (2005)
"This Is How a Heart Breaks" (2005)
Music video"Lonely No More" on YouTube
"Lonely No More" is the first single from Matchbox Twenty frontman Rob Thomas' debut studio album, ...Something to Be (2005). It was released on February 14, 2005, and became his biggest solo hit. The song peaked at number one in Hungary, number three in Australia, number six on the US Billboard Hot 100, and number 11 on the UK Singles Chart.
Song information
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The single was written by Thomas and produced by Matt Serletic. Although he was featured on Santana's "Smooth", "Lonely No More" is notable for being the proper solo debut single of Thomas. Starting over a series of chordless industrial rhythmic beats, the song sees Thomas explaining to a prospective romantic interest why he is not exactly comfortable heading into a relationship with her at the moment. Although she seems to know what to say to him, he points out that words are only words. She needs to show him something else, or even swear allegiance to reassure his insecurities. To explain exactly how hurt he has been in previous relationships, Thomas belts, "I don't wanna be lonely no more / I don't wanna have to pay for this / I don't want to know the lover at my door / Is just another heartache on my list".
The song was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 2006 Grammys. In March 2014, British group Rixton interpolated portions of the song for their single "Me and My Broken Heart".
Music video
The official music video for "Lonely No More" was directed by Joseph Kahn. Thomas can be seen in various scenes as they shift or fold violently into each other (while Thomas remains immobile) from being his bedroom, to a nightclub, and to an office. Although the shifting scenes and objects seem to move by themselves, at one point Thomas can be seen physically prodding them to move. The video does try to incorporate some elements of the loneliness of "Lonely No More" by showing Thomas looking forlorn in a paparazzi scene and expressing mixed feelings about some women in the video.
Awards and nominations
APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).
Year
Nominee / work
Award
Result
2006
"Lonely No More" (Rob Thomas) – Rob Thomas
Most Performed Foreign Work
Won
Track listings
Australian and European maxi-CD single
"Lonely No More" – 3:47
"Lonely No More" (acoustic) – 4:03
"Fallen" – 4:36
UK CD single
"Lonely No More" (album version)
"Lonely No More" (acoustic)
UK DVD single
"Lonely No More" (album version audio) – 3:46
"Lonely No More" (Dolby 5.1 surround sound mix audio) – 3:46
"Fallen" (audio) – 4:36
"Lonely No More" (video) – 3:36
"Lonely No More" (teaser video clip) – 1:29
Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the Australian CD single liner notes and the ...Something to Be booklet.
Studios
Recorded at The Hit Factory (New York City), BiCoastal Music (Ossining, New York), Conway Studios, and Henson Studios (Los Angeles)
Mixed at The Hit Factory (New York City)
Mastered at Gateway Mastering (Portland, Maine, US)
Personnel
Rob Thomas – writing, vocals
Wendy Melvoin – guitar
Jeff Trott – guitar
Mike Elizondo – bass
Matt Serletic – keys, production
Gerald Heyward – drums
Greater Anointing – background vocals
Jimmy Douglass – recording, mixing
Greg Collins – recording
Mark Dobson – recording, digital editing
Tony Maserati – additional mixing
John O'Brien – programming
Bob Ludwig – mastering
Ria Lewerke – art direction
Norman Moore – art direction
Mark Seliger – photography
Charts
Weekly charts
Weekly chart performance for "Lonely No More"
Chart (2005–2006)
Peakposition
Australia (ARIA)
3
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)
24
Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders)
2
Canada AC Top 30 (Radio & Records)
1
Canada CHR/Pop Top 30 (Radio & Records)
9
Canada Hot AC Top 30 (Radio & Records)
1
Denmark (Tracklisten)
12
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)
16
France (SNEP)
28
Germany (Official German Charts)
16
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)
1
Hungary (Dance Top 40)
40
Ireland (IRMA)
19
Italy (FIMI)
47
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)
21
Netherlands (Single Top 100)
39
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)
9
Norway (VG-lista)
17
Poland (Nielsen Music Control)
1
Scotland (OCC)
8
Spain (PROMUSICAE)
6
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)
10
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)
24
UK Singles (OCC)
11
US Billboard Hot 100
6
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)
1
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)
1
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)
1
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)
17
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)
9
Year-end charts
Year-end chart performance for "Lonely No More"
Chart (2005)
Position
Australia (ARIA)
23
CIS (TopHit)
16
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)
3
Romania (Romanian Top 100)
2
Russia Airplay (TopHit)
13
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)
83
UK Singles (OCC)
125
US Billboard Hot 100
22
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)
7
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)
3
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)
28
Venezuela (Record Report)
11
Chart (2006)
Position
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)
8
Chart (2012)
Position
Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)
168
Sales and certifications
Certifications and sales for "Lonely No More"
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)
Platinum
70,000^
United States (RIAA)
Platinum
1,000,000‡
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Release history
Release dates and formats for "Lonely No More"
Region
Date
Format(s)
Label(s)
Ref.
United States
February 14, 2005
Contemporary hithot ACtriple A radio
Atlantic
February 28, 2005
Adult contemporary radio
Australia
March 28, 2005
CD
AtlanticMelisma
United Kingdom
May 16, 2005
See also
List of Adult Top 40 number-one songs of the 2000s
List of number-one dance singles of 2005 (U.S.)
List of Billboard Adult Contemporary number ones of 2005 and 2006
References
^ "Grammy Awards Winners & Nominees for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance". Grammy Awards. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
^ Hampp, Andrew (April 22, 2014). "Rixton's 'Heart' Breaking in the U.S." Billboard. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
^ "APRA History". Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
^ "2006 Winners – APRA Music Awards". APRA. Archived from the original on March 8, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
^ a b Lonely No More (Australian maxi-CD single liner notes). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. 7567936802.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ a b "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ Lonely No More (UK CD single liner notes). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. AT0203CD.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Lonely No More (UK DVD single liner notes). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. AT0203DVD.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ ...Something to Be (US CD album booklet). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. 2-93435.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More" (in Dutch). Ultratip. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "R&R Canada AC Top 30" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1615. July 15, 2005. p. 46. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
^ "R&R Canada CHR/Pop Top 30" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1599. March 25, 2005. p. 32. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
^ "R&R Canada Hot AC Top 30" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1599. March 25, 2005. p. 55. Retrieved April 18, 2024.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". Tracklisten. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "The ARIA Report: European Top 20 Charts – Week Commencing 30th May 2005" (PDF). ARIA. May 30, 2005. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2008. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Dance Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Lonely No More". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". Top Digital Download. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 23, 2005" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". VG-lista. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Nielsen Music Control". Archived from the original on October 23, 2007.
^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". Singles Top 100. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "Rob Thomas Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
^ "Rob Thomas Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ "ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2005". ARIA. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
^ "Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart 2005". TopHit. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
^ "Rádiós Top 100 – hallgatottsági adatok alapján – 2005" (in Hungarian). Mahasz. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
^ "Romanian Top 100: Top of the Year 2005" (in Romanian). Romanian Top 100. Archived from the original on April 10, 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
^ "Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2005". TopHit. Archived from the original on April 21, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
^ "Årslista Singlar, 2005" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
^ "The Official UK Singles Chart 2005" (PDF). UKChartsPlus. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
^ "Billboard Top 100 – 2005". Billboardtop100of.com. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
^ a b "2005 The Year in Music & Touring". Billboard. Vol. 117, no. 52. December 24, 2005. p. YE-76.
^ "2005 The Year in Charts: Top Mainstream Top 40 Songs". Billboard Radio Monitor. Vol. 13, no. 50. December 16, 2005. p. 26.
^ "Top 50 – Pop Rock: Cierre de Año, 2005" (PDF) (in Spanish). Record Report. December 24, 2005. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
^ "Adult Contemporary Songs: 2006". Billboard. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
^ "Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart 2012" (in Russian). TopHit. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
^ "American single certifications – Rob Thomas – Lonely No More". Recording Industry Association of America.
^ "Going for Adds" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1593. February 11, 2005. p. 27. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
^ "Going for Adds" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1595. February 25, 2005. p. 23. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
^ "The ARIA Report: New Releases Singles – Week Commencing 28th March 2005" (PDF). ARIA. March 28, 2005. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2005. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
^ "New Releases: Singles". Music Week. May 14, 2005. p. 31.
vteRob ThomasDiscographyStudio albums
...Something to Be
Cradlesong
The Great Unknown
Chip Tooth Smile
Singles
"Lonely No More"
"This Is How a Heart Breaks"
"Ever the Same"
"...Something to Be"
"Streetcorner Symphony"
"Her Diamonds"
"Give Me the Meltdown"
"Someday"
"Mockingbird"
"One Less Day (Dying Young)"
Featured singles
"Smooth"
"Sunshine of Your Love"
Soundtrack singles
"Little Wonders"
Tours
Something to Be Tour
Cradlesong Tour
The Great Unknown Tour
Related articles
Matchbox Twenty
Tabitha's Secret
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz release group
MusicBrainz work
|
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Although the shifting scenes and objects seem to move by themselves, at one point Thomas can be seen physically prodding them to move. The video does try to incorporate some elements of the loneliness of \"Lonely No More\" by showing Thomas looking forlorn in a paparazzi scene and expressing mixed feelings about some women in the video.","title":"Music video"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Awards and nominations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"APRA Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APRA_Awards_(Australia)"},{"link_name":"Australasian Performing Right Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasian_Performing_Right_Association"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-APRAMusic-3"}],"sub_title":"APRA Awards","text":"The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).[3]","title":"Awards and nominations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auscd-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aus-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"Australian and European maxi-CD single[5][6]\n\n\"Lonely No More\" – 3:47\n\"Lonely No More\" (acoustic) – 4:03\n\"Fallen\" – 4:36\nUK CD single[7]\n\n\"Lonely No More\" (album version)\n\"Lonely No More\" (acoustic)\n\n\nUK DVD single[8]\n\n\"Lonely No More\" (album version audio) – 3:46\n\"Lonely No More\" (Dolby 5.1 surround sound mix audio) – 3:46\n\"Fallen\" (audio) – 4:36\n\"Lonely No More\" (video) – 3:36\n\"Lonely No More\" (teaser video clip) – 1:29","title":"Track listings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"...Something to Be","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...Something_to_Be"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auscd-5"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"The Hit Factory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hit_Factory"},{"link_name":"Ossining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossining_(town),_New_York"},{"link_name":"Conway Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway_Recording_Studios"},{"link_name":"Henson Studios","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henson_Recording_Studios"},{"link_name":"Portland, Maine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Maine"},{"link_name":"Wendy Melvoin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Melvoin"},{"link_name":"Jeff Trott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Trott"},{"link_name":"Mike Elizondo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Elizondo"},{"link_name":"Matt Serletic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Serletic"},{"link_name":"Greater Anointing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tye_Tribbett"},{"link_name":"Jimmy Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Douglass"},{"link_name":"Greg Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Collins_(record_producer)"},{"link_name":"Tony Maserati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Maserati"},{"link_name":"Bob Ludwig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Ludwig"},{"link_name":"Mark Seliger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Seliger"}],"text":"Credits are adapted from the Australian CD single liner notes and the ...Something to Be booklet.[5][9]StudiosRecorded at The Hit Factory (New York City), BiCoastal Music (Ossining, New York), Conway Studios, and Henson Studios (Los Angeles)\nMixed at The Hit Factory (New York City)\nMastered at Gateway Mastering (Portland, Maine, US)PersonnelRob Thomas – writing, vocals\nWendy Melvoin – guitar\nJeff Trott – guitar\nMike Elizondo – bass\nMatt Serletic – keys, production\nGerald Heyward – drums\nGreater Anointing – background vocals\nJimmy Douglass – recording, mixing\nGreg Collins – recording\nMark Dobson – recording, digital editing\nTony Maserati – additional mixing\nJohn O'Brien – programming\nBob Ludwig – mastering\nRia Lewerke – art direction\nNorman Moore – art direction\nMark Seliger – photography","title":"Credits and personnel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lonely_No_More&action=edit§ion=8"},{"link_name":"ARIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARIA_Charts"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aus-6"},{"link_name":"Ö3 Austria Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%963_Austria_Top_40"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Austria_Rob_Thomas-10"},{"link_name":"Ultratip Bubbling Under","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultratop#Ultratip"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Flanders_Tip_Rob_Thomas-11"},{"link_name":"Radio & Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_%26_Records"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Radio & Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_%26_Records"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Radio & Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_%26_Records"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Tracklisten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitlisten"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Denmark_Rob_Thomas-15"},{"link_name":"Eurochart Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Hot_100_Singles"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"SNEP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndicat_National_de_l%27%C3%89dition_Phonographique"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_France_Rob_Thomas-17"},{"link_name":"Official German Charts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Germany_Rob_Thomas-18"},{"link_name":"Rádiós Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Hungarian_Record_Companies"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Hungary_-19"},{"link_name":"Dance Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Hungarian_Record_Companies"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Hungarydance_-20"},{"link_name":"IRMA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Ireland2_-21"},{"link_name":"FIMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Italy_Rob_Thomas-22"},{"link_name":"Dutch Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Top_40"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Dutch40_-23"},{"link_name":"Single Top 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Single_Top_100"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Dutch100_Rob_Thomas-24"},{"link_name":"Recorded Music NZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_New_Zealand_Rob_Thomas-25"},{"link_name":"VG-lista","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VG-lista"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Norway_Rob_Thomas-26"},{"link_name":"Nielsen Music Control","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Music_Charts"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Singles_and_Albums_Charts"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Scotland_-28"},{"link_name":"PROMUSICAE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productores_de_M%C3%BAsica_de_Espa%C3%B1a"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Spain_Rob_Thomas-29"},{"link_name":"Sverigetopplistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverigetopplistan"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Sweden_Rob_Thomas-30"},{"link_name":"Schweizer Hitparade","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Hitparade"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Switzerland_Rob_Thomas-31"},{"link_name":"UK Singles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_UK_-32"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboardhot100_Rob_Thomas-33"},{"link_name":"Adult Contemporary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Contemporary_(chart)"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboardadultcontemporary_Rob_Thomas-34"},{"link_name":"Adult Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Top_40"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboardadultpopsongs_Rob_Thomas-35"},{"link_name":"Dance Club Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboarddanceclubplay_Rob_Thomas-36"},{"link_name":"Dance/Mix Show Airplay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance/Mix_Show_Airplay"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboarddanceairplay_Rob_Thomas-37"},{"link_name":"Mainstream Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Billboardpopsongs_Rob_Thomas-38"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lonely_No_More&action=edit§ion=9"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"CIS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States"},{"link_name":"TopHit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TopHit"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-usadultye-47"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-usadultye-47"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"Record Report","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_Report"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"}],"text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\nWeekly chart performance for \"Lonely No More\"\n\n\nChart (2005–2006)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nAustralia (ARIA)[6]\n\n3\n\n\nAustria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[10]\n\n24\n\n\nBelgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders)[11]\n\n2\n\n\nCanada AC Top 30 (Radio & Records)[12]\n\n1\n\n\nCanada CHR/Pop Top 30 (Radio & Records)[13]\n\n9\n\n\nCanada Hot AC Top 30 (Radio & Records)[14]\n\n1\n\n\nDenmark (Tracklisten)[15]\n\n12\n\n\nEurope (Eurochart Hot 100)[16]\n\n16\n\n\nFrance (SNEP)[17]\n\n28\n\n\nGermany (Official German Charts)[18]\n\n16\n\n\nHungary (Rádiós Top 40)[19]\n\n1\n\n\nHungary (Dance Top 40)[20]\n\n40\n\n\nIreland (IRMA)[21]\n\n19\n\n\nItaly (FIMI)[22]\n\n47\n\n\nNetherlands (Dutch Top 40)[23]\n\n21\n\n\nNetherlands (Single Top 100)[24]\n\n39\n\n\nNew Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[25]\n\n9\n\n\nNorway (VG-lista)[26]\n\n17\n\n\nPoland (Nielsen Music Control)[27]\n\n1\n\n\nScotland (OCC)[28]\n\n8\n\n\nSpain (PROMUSICAE)[29]\n\n6\n\n\nSweden (Sverigetopplistan)[30]\n\n10\n\n\nSwitzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[31]\n\n24\n\n\nUK Singles (OCC)[32]\n\n11\n\n\nUS Billboard Hot 100[33]\n\n6\n\n\nUS Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[34]\n\n1\n\n\nUS Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[35]\n\n1\n\n\nUS Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[36]\n\n1\n\n\nUS Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[37]\n\n17\n\n\nUS Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[38]\n\n9\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\nYear-end chart performance for \"Lonely No More\"\n\n\nChart (2005)\n\nPosition\n\n\nAustralia (ARIA)[39]\n\n23\n\n\nCIS (TopHit)[40]\n\n16\n\n\nHungary (Rádiós Top 40)[41]\n\n3\n\n\nRomania (Romanian Top 100)[42]\n\n2\n\n\nRussia Airplay (TopHit)[43]\n\n13\n\n\nSweden (Sverigetopplistan)[44]\n\n83\n\n\nUK Singles (OCC)[45]\n\n125\n\n\nUS Billboard Hot 100[46]\n\n22\n\n\nUS Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[47]\n\n7\n\n\nUS Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[47]\n\n3\n\n\nUS Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[48]\n\n28\n\n\nVenezuela (Record Report)[49]\n\n11\n\n\n\nChart (2006)\n\nPosition\n\n\nUS Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[50]\n\n8\n\n\n\nChart (2012)\n\nPosition\n\n\nUkraine Airplay (TopHit)[51]\n\n168","title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Sales and certifications"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Release history"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"List of Adult Top 40 number-one songs of the 2000s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Adult_Top_40_number-one_songs_of_the_2000s#2005"},{"title":"List of number-one dance singles of 2005 (U.S.)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number-one_dance_singles_of_2005_(U.S.)"},{"title":"List of Billboard Adult Contemporary number ones of 2005","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Adult_Contemporary_number_ones_of_2005"},{"title":"2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Billboard_Adult_Contemporary_number_ones_of_2006"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Grammy Awards Winners & Nominees for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance\". Grammy Awards. Retrieved November 11, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/190","url_text":"\"Grammy Awards Winners & Nominees for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards","url_text":"Grammy Awards"}]},{"reference":"Hampp, Andrew (April 22, 2014). \"Rixton's 'Heart' Breaking in the U.S.\" Billboard. Retrieved April 25, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/pro/rixtons-heart-breaking-in-the-us/","url_text":"\"Rixton's 'Heart' Breaking in the U.S.\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"\"APRA History\". Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved May 6, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100920230857/http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/APRAAwards/MusicAwards/History.aspx","url_text":"\"APRA History\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasian_Performing_Right_Association","url_text":"Australasian Performing Right Association"},{"url":"http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/APRAAwards/MusicAwards/History.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"2006 Winners – APRA Music Awards\". APRA. Archived from the original on March 8, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110308003717/http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/APRAAwards/MusicAwards/History/2006Winners.aspx","url_text":"\"2006 Winners – APRA Music Awards\""},{"url":"http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/apraawards/musicawards/history/2006Winners.aspx","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Lonely No More (Australian maxi-CD single liner notes). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. 7567936802.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Thomas_(musician)","url_text":"Rob Thomas"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Records","url_text":"Atlantic Records"}]},{"reference":"Lonely No More (UK CD single liner notes). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. AT0203CD.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Lonely No More (UK DVD single liner notes). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. AT0203DVD.","urls":[]},{"reference":"...Something to Be (US CD album booklet). Rob Thomas. Atlantic Records, Melisma Records. 2005. 2-93435.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...Something_to_Be","url_text":"...Something to Be"}]},{"reference":"\"R&R Canada AC Top 30\" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1615. July 15, 2005. p. 46. 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Retrieved April 17, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2005.pdf","url_text":"\"The Official UK Singles Chart 2005\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKChartsPlus","url_text":"UKChartsPlus"}]},{"reference":"\"Billboard Top 100 – 2005\". Billboardtop100of.com. Retrieved April 17, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"http://billboardtop100of.com/2005-2/","url_text":"\"Billboard Top 100 – 2005\""}]},{"reference":"\"2005 The Year in Music & Touring\". Billboard. Vol. 117, no. 52. December 24, 2005. p. YE-76.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"2005 The Year in Charts: Top Mainstream Top 40 Songs\". Billboard Radio Monitor. Vol. 13, no. 50. December 16, 2005. p. 26.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Radio_Monitor","url_text":"Billboard Radio Monitor"}]},{"reference":"\"Top 50 – Pop Rock: Cierre de Año, 2005\" (PDF) (in Spanish). Record Report. December 24, 2005. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2006. Retrieved June 23, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060708013144/http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/Resumen-2005.pdf","url_text":"\"Top 50 – Pop Rock: Cierre de Año, 2005\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_Report","url_text":"Record Report"},{"url":"http://www.recordreport.com.ve/publico/Resumen-2005.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Adult Contemporary Songs: 2006\". Billboard. Retrieved September 21, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2006/adult-contemporary-songs","url_text":"\"Adult Contemporary Songs: 2006\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart 2012\" (in Russian). TopHit. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023. Retrieved March 25, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230325115726/https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ukraine/annual/2012-01-01","url_text":"\"Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart 2012\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TopHit","url_text":"TopHit"},{"url":"https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ukraine/annual/2012-01-01","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Singles\" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dropbox.com/sh/k9o2q7p7o4awhqx/AABxMKk3Lrf-VUHrS4_CfKrba/2005%20Accreds.pdf","url_text":"\"ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Singles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association","url_text":"Australian Recording Industry Association"}]},{"reference":"\"American single certifications – Rob Thomas – Lonely No More\". Recording Industry Association of America.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Rob+Thomas&ti=Lonely+No+More&format=Single&type=#search_section","url_text":"\"American single certifications – Rob Thomas – Lonely No More\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America","url_text":"Recording Industry Association of America"}]},{"reference":"\"Going for Adds\" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1593. February 11, 2005. p. 27. Retrieved May 21, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/2000s/2005/RR-2005-02-11.pdf","url_text":"\"Going for Adds\""}]},{"reference":"\"Going for Adds\" (PDF). Radio & Records. No. 1595. February 25, 2005. p. 23. Retrieved May 21, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-RandR/2000s/2005/RR-2005-02-25.pdf","url_text":"\"Going for Adds\""}]},{"reference":"\"The ARIA Report: New Releases Singles – Week Commencing 28th March 2005\" (PDF). ARIA. March 28, 2005. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2005. Retrieved April 17, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20050419140000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20050420-0000/issue787.pdf","url_text":"\"The ARIA Report: New Releases Singles – Week Commencing 28th March 2005\""},{"url":"http://www.aria.com.au/issue787.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"New Releases: Singles\". Music Week. May 14, 2005. p. 31.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Week","url_text":"Music Week"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyan_province
|
Abyan Governorate
|
["1 Geography","1.1 Adjacent governorates","1.2 Districts","2 Settlements","3 References"]
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Coordinates: 13°20′N 45°23′E / 13.333°N 45.383°E / 13.333; 45.383Governorate of Yemen
"Abyan" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see Abyan, Iran.
Governorate in Aden Region, YemenAbyan
أَبْيَنْGovernorateCountry YemenRegionAden RegionSeatZinjibarArea • Total21,939 km2 (8,471 sq mi)Population (2012) • Total513,701 • Density23/km2 (61/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+3 (Arabia Standard Time)
Abyan (Arabic: أَبْيَنْ ʾAbyan) is a governorate of Yemen. The Abyan region was historically part of the Fadhli Sultanate. It was a base to the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army militant group. Its capital is the city of Zinjibar. This governorate is noted for its agriculture, in particular the cultivation of date palms and animal husbandry.
On 31 March 2011, Al Bawaba reported that Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) had declared Abyan an "Al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen" after seizing control of the region. The New York Times reported that those in control, while Islamic militants, are not in fact Al-Qaeda. This takeover was confirmed on May 28. Yemeni government forces launched an effort to re-establish control of the region, resulting in the Battle of Zinjibar.
In addition to Zinjibar, the towns of Jaʿār and Shuqrah were firmly under the control of the Islamists. In early May 2012 the Yemeni Army and Southern Resistance began a major offensive to wrest control of the province from militants. Government forces captured Zinjibar and Jaar on 12 June after a month of heavy fighting. Militants reportedly retreated towards the town of Shuqrah. In 2017, a military campaign led by Southern security forces and Southern resistance freed Abyan from the Islamist militants who escaped to their mountains in the Al Bayda and Marib Governorates.
Geography
Adjacent governorates
Aden Governorate (southwest)
Al Bayda Governorate (north)
Lahij Governorate (west)
Shabwa Governorate (north, east)
Districts
Abyan Governorate is divided into the following 11 districts. These districts are further divided into sub-districts, and then further subdivided into villages:
Ahwar District
Al Mahfad District
Al Wade'a District
Jayshan District
Khanfir District
Lawdar District
Mudiyah District
Rasad District
Sarar District
Sibah District
Zinjibar District
Settlements
Abu `amir • Ad dirjaj • Ad diyyu • Ahl fashshash • Ahl fulays • Ahmad ash shaykh • Al `alam • Al bahitah • Al habil • Al hamam • Al hisn • Al jawl • Al kawd • Al kawr • Al khamilah • Al khawr • Al ma`ar • Al ma`jalah • Al mahal • Al mahlaj • Al makhzan al fawqi • Al makhzan al qa`i • Al masani` • Al qarn • Al qashabah • Al qurna`ah • An nashsh • Ar rawdah • Ar rawwa • As samn • As sarriyah • As suda' • Ash sha`bah • Ash sharaf • Ash sharqiyah • At tariyah • Ath thalib • `Ali hadi • `Amudiyah • `Arabah • `Arqub umm kubayr • `Aryab • `Aslan • `Awrumah • Ba tays • Ba zulayfah • Barkan • Bathan • Bayt samnah • Dor Salamah • Far`an • Faris • Ja`ar • Jahrah • Jawf umm maqbabah • Jiblat al faraj • Jiblat al waznah • Jiblat badr • Jirshab • Kabaran • Kadamat al faysh • Kawd al `abadil • Kawkab • Kawrat halimah • Khabt al aslum • Khanfar • Khuban • Kuwashi • Lawdar • Maghadih • Makrarah • Mansab • Maqasir • Maqdah • Marta`ah • Masadi`ah • Mishal • Mudiyah • Mukayras • Munab • Musaymir • Na`ab • Na`b • Namir • Naq`al • Qarn al wadi` • Qaryat ahl hidran • Qaryat husayn umm muhammad • Sakin ahl hidran • Sakin ahl mahathith • Sakin ahl sadah • Sakin ahl wuhaysh • Sakin hazm • Sakin wu`ays • Sayhan • Shams ad din • Shaykh `abdallah • Shaykh salim • Shubram • Shuqrah • Shurjan • Thirah • Wadibah • Zinjibar • Zughaynah
References
^ "Statistical Yearbook 2012". Central Statistical Organisation. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
^ a b The Resiliency of Yemen's Aden-Abyan Islamic Army
^ Al Bawaba News "Yemen: Al Qaeda Declares South province As “Islamic Emirate”" Archived 4 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine Eurasia Review 31 March 31, 2011
^ New York Times Islamist Seize a Yemeni City, Stoking Fears
^ Islamic Militants suddenly take over Zinjibar, Abyan province
^ "alarabiya.net 17 August 2011". Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
^ Yemeni army, in major victory, retakes two cities
Places adjacent to Abyan Governorate
Al Bayda' Governorate
Shabwah Governorate
Lahij Governorate
Abyan Governorate
'Adan Governorate
Arabian Sea
vteGovernorates of Yemen
Abyan
Aden
Al Mahrah
Hadramaut
Lahij
Shabwah
Dhale
'Amran
Al Bayda
Al Hudaydah
Al Jawf
Al Mahwit
Amanat Al Asimah
Dhamar
Hajjah
Ibb
Ma'rib
Raymah
Saada
Sanaa
Taiz
Socotra
Yemen portal
vte Abyan GovernorateCapital: ZinjibarDistricts
Ahwar District
Al Mahfad District
Al Wade'a District
Jayshan District
Khanfir District
Lawdar District
Mudiyah District
Rasad District
Sarar District
Sibah District
Zinjibar District
Authority control databases: National
Israel
13°20′N 45°23′E / 13.333°N 45.383°E / 13.333; 45.383
|
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For the village in Iran, see Abyan, Iran.Governorate in Aden Region, YemenAbyan (Arabic: أَبْيَنْ ʾAbyan) is a governorate of Yemen. The Abyan region was historically part of the Fadhli Sultanate.[2] It was a base to the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army militant group.[2] Its capital is the city of Zinjibar. This governorate is noted for its agriculture, in particular the cultivation of date palms and animal husbandry.On 31 March 2011, Al Bawaba reported that Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) had declared Abyan an \"Al-Qaeda Emirate in Yemen\" after seizing control of the region.[3] The New York Times reported that those in control, while Islamic militants, are not in fact Al-Qaeda.[4] This takeover was confirmed on May 28.[5] Yemeni government forces launched an effort to re-establish control of the region, resulting in the Battle of Zinjibar.In addition to Zinjibar, the towns of Jaʿār and Shuqrah were firmly under the control of the Islamists.[6] In early May 2012 the Yemeni Army and Southern Resistance began a major offensive to wrest control of the province from militants. Government forces captured Zinjibar and Jaar on 12 June after a month of heavy fighting. Militants reportedly retreated towards the town of Shuqrah.[7] In 2017, a military campaign led by Southern security forces and Southern resistance freed Abyan from the Islamist militants who escaped to their mountains in the Al Bayda and Marib Governorates.","title":"Abyan Governorate"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aden Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Al Bayda Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Bayda_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Lahij Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahij_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Shabwa Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabwa_Governorate"}],"sub_title":"Adjacent governorates","text":"Aden Governorate (southwest)\nAl Bayda Governorate (north)\nLahij Governorate (west)\nShabwa Governorate (north, east)","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ahwar District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahwar_District"},{"link_name":"Al Mahfad District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Mahfad_District"},{"link_name":"Al Wade'a District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Wade%27a_District"},{"link_name":"Jayshan District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayshan_District"},{"link_name":"Khanfir District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanfir_District"},{"link_name":"Lawdar District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawdar_District"},{"link_name":"Mudiyah District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudiyah_District"},{"link_name":"Rasad District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasad_District"},{"link_name":"Sarar District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarar_District"},{"link_name":"Sibah District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibah_District"},{"link_name":"Zinjibar District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinjibar_District"}],"sub_title":"Districts","text":"Abyan Governorate is divided into the following 11 districts. These districts are further divided into sub-districts, and then further subdivided into villages:Ahwar District\nAl Mahfad District\nAl Wade'a District\nJayshan District\nKhanfir District\nLawdar District\nMudiyah District\nRasad District\nSarar District\nSibah District\nZinjibar District","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Abu `amir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_%60amir"},{"link_name":"Ad dirjaj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_dirjaj"},{"link_name":"Ad diyyu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_diyyu"},{"link_name":"Ahl fashshash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_fashshash"},{"link_name":"Ahl fulays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_fulays"},{"link_name":"Ahmad ash shaykh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ash_shaykh"},{"link_name":"Al `alam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_%60alam"},{"link_name":"Al bahitah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_bahitah"},{"link_name":"Al habil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_habil"},{"link_name":"Al hamam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_hamam"},{"link_name":"Al hisn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_hisn"},{"link_name":"Al jawl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_jawl"},{"link_name":"Al kawd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_kawd"},{"link_name":"Al kawr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_kawr"},{"link_name":"Al khamilah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_khamilah"},{"link_name":"Al khawr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_khawr"},{"link_name":"Al ma`ar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_ma%60ar"},{"link_name":"Al ma`jalah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_ma%60jalah"},{"link_name":"Al mahal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_mahal"},{"link_name":"Al mahlaj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_mahlaj"},{"link_name":"Al makhzan al fawqi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_makhzan_al_fawqi"},{"link_name":"Al makhzan al qa`i","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_makhzan_al_qa%60i"},{"link_name":"Al masani`","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_masani%60,_Abyan"},{"link_name":"Al qarn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_qarn"},{"link_name":"Al qashabah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_qashabah"},{"link_name":"Al qurna`ah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_qurna%60ah"},{"link_name":"An nashsh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_nashsh"},{"link_name":"Ar rawdah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar_rawdah,_Abyan"},{"link_name":"Ar rawwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar_rawwa"},{"link_name":"As samn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_samn"},{"link_name":"As sarriyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_sarriyah"},{"link_name":"As suda'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_suda%27"},{"link_name":"Ash sha`bah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_sha%60bah"},{"link_name":"Ash sharaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_sharaf,_Abyan"},{"link_name":"Ash sharqiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_sharqiyah,_Abyan"},{"link_name":"At tariyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_tariyah"},{"link_name":"Ath thalib","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ath_thalib"},{"link_name":"`Ali hadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%60Ali_hadi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"`Amudiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%60Amudiyah"},{"link_name":"`Arabah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%60Arabah"},{"link_name":"`Arqub umm kubayr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%60Arqub_umm_kubayr"},{"link_name":"`Aryab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%60Aryab"},{"link_name":"`Aslan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%60Aslan"},{"link_name":"`Awrumah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%60Awrumah"},{"link_name":"Ba tays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_tays"},{"link_name":"Ba zulayfah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_zulayfah"},{"link_name":"Barkan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkan,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Bathan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathan"},{"link_name":"Bayt samnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_samnah"},{"link_name":"Dor Salamah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dor_Salamah_(Sabah)"},{"link_name":"Far`an","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%60an"},{"link_name":"Faris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faris,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Ja`ar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%60ar"},{"link_name":"Jahrah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahrah,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Jawf umm maqbabah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawf_umm_maqbabah"},{"link_name":"Jiblat al faraj","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiblat_al_faraj"},{"link_name":"Jiblat al waznah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiblat_al_waznah"},{"link_name":"Jiblat badr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiblat_badr"},{"link_name":"Jirshab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirshab"},{"link_name":"Kabaran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaran"},{"link_name":"Kadamat al faysh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadamat_al_faysh"},{"link_name":"Kawd al `abadil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawd_al_%60abadil"},{"link_name":"Kawkab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawkab,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Kawrat halimah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawrat_halimah"},{"link_name":"Khabt al aslum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khabt_al_aslum"},{"link_name":"Khanfar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanfar,_Abyan"},{"link_name":"Khuban","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuban,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Kuwashi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwashi"},{"link_name":"Lawdar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawdar"},{"link_name":"Maghadih","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghadih"},{"link_name":"Makrarah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makrarah"},{"link_name":"Mansab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansab,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Maqasir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqasir"},{"link_name":"Maqdah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqdah"},{"link_name":"Marta`ah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta%60ah"},{"link_name":"Masadi`ah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masadi%60ah"},{"link_name":"Mishal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishal"},{"link_name":"Mudiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudiyah"},{"link_name":"Mukayras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukayras"},{"link_name":"Munab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munab"},{"link_name":"Musaymir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musaymir"},{"link_name":"Na`ab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%60ab"},{"link_name":"Na`b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%60b"},{"link_name":"Namir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namir"},{"link_name":"Naq`al","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naq%60al"},{"link_name":"Qarn al wadi`","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarn_al_wadi%60"},{"link_name":"Qaryat ahl hidran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaryat_ahl_hidran"},{"link_name":"Qaryat husayn umm muhammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaryat_husayn_umm_muhammad"},{"link_name":"Sakin ahl hidran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakin_ahl_hidran"},{"link_name":"Sakin ahl mahathith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakin_ahl_mahathith"},{"link_name":"Sakin ahl sadah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakin_ahl_sadah"},{"link_name":"Sakin ahl wuhaysh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakin_ahl_wuhaysh"},{"link_name":"Sakin hazm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakin_hazm"},{"link_name":"Sakin wu`ays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakin_wu%60ays"},{"link_name":"Sayhan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayhan"},{"link_name":"Shams ad din","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams_Ad_Din,_Yemen"},{"link_name":"Shaykh `abdallah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaykh_%60abdallah"},{"link_name":"Shaykh salim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaykh_salim"},{"link_name":"Shubram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shubram"},{"link_name":"Shuqrah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuqrah"},{"link_name":"Shurjan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shurjan"},{"link_name":"Thirah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirah"},{"link_name":"Wadibah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadibah"},{"link_name":"Zinjibar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinjibar"},{"link_name":"Zughaynah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zughaynah"}],"text":"Abu `amir • Ad dirjaj • Ad diyyu • Ahl fashshash • Ahl fulays • Ahmad ash shaykh • Al `alam • Al bahitah • Al habil • Al hamam • Al hisn • Al jawl • Al kawd • Al kawr • Al khamilah • Al khawr • Al ma`ar • Al ma`jalah • Al mahal • Al mahlaj • Al makhzan al fawqi • Al makhzan al qa`i • Al masani` • Al qarn • Al qashabah • Al qurna`ah • An nashsh • Ar rawdah • Ar rawwa • As samn • As sarriyah • As suda' • Ash sha`bah • Ash sharaf • Ash sharqiyah • At tariyah • Ath thalib • `Ali hadi • `Amudiyah • `Arabah • `Arqub umm kubayr • `Aryab • `Aslan • `Awrumah • Ba tays • Ba zulayfah • Barkan • Bathan • Bayt samnah • Dor Salamah • Far`an • Faris • Ja`ar • Jahrah • Jawf umm maqbabah • Jiblat al faraj • Jiblat al waznah • Jiblat badr • Jirshab • Kabaran • Kadamat al faysh • Kawd al `abadil • Kawkab • Kawrat halimah • Khabt al aslum • Khanfar • Khuban • Kuwashi • Lawdar • Maghadih • Makrarah • Mansab • Maqasir • Maqdah • Marta`ah • Masadi`ah • Mishal • Mudiyah • Mukayras • Munab • Musaymir • Na`ab • Na`b • Namir • Naq`al • Qarn al wadi` • Qaryat ahl hidran • Qaryat husayn umm muhammad • Sakin ahl hidran • Sakin ahl mahathith • Sakin ahl sadah • Sakin ahl wuhaysh • Sakin hazm • Sakin wu`ays • Sayhan • Shams ad din • Shaykh `abdallah • Shaykh salim • Shubram • Shuqrah • Shurjan • Thirah • Wadibah • Zinjibar • Zughaynah","title":"Settlements"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Statistical Yearbook 2012\". Central Statistical Organisation. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151015075547/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2012/population.xls","url_text":"\"Statistical Yearbook 2012\""},{"url":"http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2012/population.xls","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"alarabiya.net 17 August 2011\". Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110818060422/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/17/162813.html","url_text":"\"alarabiya.net 17 August 2011\""},{"url":"http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/17/162813.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abyan_Governorate¶ms=13_20_N_45_23_E_region:YE-AB_type:adm1st_source:dewiki","external_links_name":"13°20′N 45°23′E / 13.333°N 45.383°E / 13.333; 45.383"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151015075547/http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2012/population.xls","external_links_name":"\"Statistical Yearbook 2012\""},{"Link":"http://www.cso-yemen.org/publiction/yearbook2012/population.xls","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=838&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=181&no_cache=1","external_links_name":"The Resiliency of Yemen's Aden-Abyan Islamic Army"},{"Link":"http://www.eurasiareview.com/yemen-al-qaeda-declares-south-province-as-islamic-emirate-31032011/","external_links_name":"\"Yemen: Al Qaeda Declares South province As “Islamic Emirate”\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110404011947/http://www.eurasiareview.com/yemen-al-qaeda-declares-south-province-as-islamic-emirate-31032011/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/world/middleeast/31yemen.html/","external_links_name":"Islamist Seize a Yemeni City, Stoking Fears"},{"Link":"http://yemenpost.net/Detail123456789.aspx?ID=3&SubID=3618","external_links_name":"Islamic Militants suddenly take over Zinjibar, Abyan province"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110818060422/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/17/162813.html","external_links_name":"\"alarabiya.net 17 August 2011\""},{"Link":"http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/17/162813.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-jaar-idUSBRE85B0O320120612","external_links_name":"Yemeni army, in major victory, retakes two cities"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567130305171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abyan_Governorate¶ms=13_20_N_45_23_E_region:YE-AB_type:adm1st_source:dewiki","external_links_name":"13°20′N 45°23′E / 13.333°N 45.383°E / 13.333; 45.383"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations
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China–Trinidad and Tobago relations
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["1 See also","2 References","3 Further reading"]
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Bilateral relationsChinese-Trinidadian relations
China
Trinidad and Tobago
Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago were established on 20 June 1974.
The Chinese government established an embassy in Port of Spain in April 1975, with Trinidad and Tobago establishing their own embassy in Beijing on 26 February 2014. Prime Minister Eric Williams was the first Trinidadian head of government to visit China in 1974. In 2002, the trade balance between the two countries was US$47.15 million, with China exporting all but $4.81 million of that. The current Chinese ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago is Mr. Yang Youming.
China and Trinidad and Tobago share friendly association with the Chinese-based Shanghai Construction Co. having built the Trinidad & Tobago's prime minister's official residence, otherwise known as the Saint Ann's Diplomatic Centre, and the National Academy for the Performing Arts (NAPA), among other developments.
On 26 February 2014, the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago officially opened its embassy in Beijing (Peking).
See also
Foreign relations of China
Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean–China relations
References
^ a b c d "Trinidad and Tobago". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 26 November 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ "Chinese Embassy in Trinidad and Tobago". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 15 December 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ "Top Chinese troupe performs in T&T". Trinidad Guardian. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ Charan, Richard (3 September 2014). "NAPA still world class". Local. Trinidad Express Newspaper. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
^ Why is China spending billions in the Caribbean? - By Ezra Fieser, April 22, 2011, Public Radio Int.
^ Trinidad Express Newspapers
Further reading
Ellis, Evan (26 March 2019). "China's engagement with Trinidad and Tobago". Features. Global Americans. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
Staff writer (1 February 2022). "PoS mayor: The Chinese, an important part of Trinidad and Tobago's fabric". Features. Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Republic of Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FMPRC-1"},{"link_name":"embassy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy"},{"link_name":"Port of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FMPRC-1"},{"link_name":"Prime Minister","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago"},{"link_name":"Eric Williams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Williams"},{"link_name":"head of government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FMPRC-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FMPRC-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Shanghai Construction Co.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Construction_Co."},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago were established on 20 June 1974.[1]\nThe Chinese government established an embassy in Port of Spain in April 1975, with Trinidad and Tobago establishing their own embassy in Beijing on 26 February 2014.[1] Prime Minister Eric Williams was the first Trinidadian head of government to visit China in 1974.[1] In 2002, the trade balance between the two countries was US$47.15 million, with China exporting all but $4.81 million of that.[1] The current Chinese ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago is Mr. Yang Youming.[2][3]China and Trinidad and Tobago share friendly association with the Chinese-based Shanghai Construction Co. having built the Trinidad & Tobago's prime minister's official residence, otherwise known as the Saint Ann's Diplomatic Centre, and the National Academy for the Performing Arts (NAPA), among other developments.[4][5]On 26 February 2014, the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago officially opened its embassy in Beijing (Peking).[6]","title":"China–Trinidad and Tobago relations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"China's engagement with Trinidad and Tobago\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//theglobalamericans.org/2019/03/chinas-engagement-with-trinidad-and-tobago/"},{"link_name":"\"PoS mayor: The Chinese, an important part of Trinidad and Tobago's fabric\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//newsday.co.tt/2022/02/01/pos-mayor-the-chinese-an-important-part-of-trinidad-and-tobagos-fabric/"},{"link_name":"Trinidad and Tobago Newsday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Newsday"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_China"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_China"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_China"},{"link_name":"Foreign relations of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China"},{"link_name":"Algeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Angola","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Benin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Botswana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Burkina Faso","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Burundi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Cameroon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Cape Verde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Central African Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Chad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Comoros","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Comoros_relations"},{"link_name":"Congo, Democratic Republic of the","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_relations"},{"link_name":"Congo, Republic of the","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Republic_of_the_Congo_relations"},{"link_name":"Djibouti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Djibouti_relations"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Egypt_relations"},{"link_name":"Equatorial Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Equatorial_Guinea_relations"},{"link_name":"Eritrea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Eritrea_relations"},{"link_name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations"},{"link_name":"Gabon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gabon_relations"},{"link_name":"Gambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Gambia_relations"},{"link_name":"Ghana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ghana_relations"},{"link_name":"Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea_relations"},{"link_name":"Guinea-Bissau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations"},{"link_name":"Ivory Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations"},{"link_name":"Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kenya_relations"},{"link_name":"Lesotho","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lesotho_relations"},{"link_name":"Liberia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Liberia_relations"},{"link_name":"Libya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Libya_relations"},{"link_name":"Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Madagascar_relations"},{"link_name":"Malawi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malawi_relations"},{"link_name":"Mali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mali_relations"},{"link_name":"Mauritania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritania_relations"},{"link_name":"Mauritius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Morocco_relations"},{"link_name":"Mozambique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mozambique_relations"},{"link_name":"Namibia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Namibia_relations"},{"link_name":"Niger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niger_relations"},{"link_name":"Nigeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nigeria_relations"},{"link_name":"Rwanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations"},{"link_name":"São Tomé and Príncipe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_relations"},{"link_name":"Senegal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Senegal_relations"},{"link_name":"Seychelles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations"},{"link_name":"Sierra Leone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sierra_Leone_relations"},{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Somalia_relations"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations"},{"link_name":"South Sudan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations"},{"link_name":"Sudan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sudan_relations"},{"link_name":"Tanzania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations"},{"link_name":"Togo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Togo_relations"},{"link_name":"Tunisia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations"},{"link_name":"Uganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uganda_relations"},{"link_name":"Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zambia_relations"},{"link_name":"Zimbabwe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations"},{"link_name":"Antigua and Barbuda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Argentina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Bahamas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Barbados","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Bolivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Colombia_relations"},{"link_name":"Costa Rica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Costa_Rica_relations"},{"link_name":"Cuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cuba_relations"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Dominican_Republic_relations"},{"link_name":"Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ecuador_relations"},{"link_name":"El Salvador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93El_Salvador_relations"},{"link_name":"Grenada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Grenada_relations"},{"link_name":"Haiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Haiti_relations"},{"link_name":"Honduras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Honduras_relations"},{"link_name":"Jamaica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Jamaica_relations"},{"link_name":"Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mexico_relations"},{"link_name":"Nicaragua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations"},{"link_name":"Panama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Panama_relations"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Peru_relations"},{"link_name":"Suriname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Suriname_relations"},{"link_name":"Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations"},{"link_name":"Uruguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations"},{"link_name":"Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations"},{"link_name":"Afghanistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Armenia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Azerbaijan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Bhutan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Brunei","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Cambodia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"East Timor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93East_Timor_relations"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Georgia_relations"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations"},{"link_name":"Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations"},{"link_name":"Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iran_relations"},{"link_name":"Iraq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iraq_relations"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Israel_relations"},{"link_name":"Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations"},{"link_name":"history","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China%E2%80%93Japan_relations"},{"link_name":"Kazakhstan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kazakhstan_relations"},{"link_name":"Kyrgyzstan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kyrgyzstan_relations"},{"link_name":"Laos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Laos_relations"},{"link_name":"Lebanon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations"},{"link_name":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations"},{"link_name":"Maldives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Maldives_relations"},{"link_name":"Mongolia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_relations"},{"link_name":"Myanmar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations"},{"link_name":"Nepal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nepal_relations"},{"link_name":"North Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations"},{"link_name":"History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations"},{"link_name":"Palestine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations"},{"link_name":"Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Philippines_relations"},{"link_name":"Qatar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Qatar_relations"},{"link_name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations"},{"link_name":"Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Singapore_relations"},{"link_name":"South Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations"},{"link_name":"History","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sino%E2%80%93Korean_relations"},{"link_name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations"},{"link_name":"Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Syria_relations"},{"link_name":"Taiwan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations"},{"link_name":"Tajikistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations"},{"link_name":"Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Thailand_relations"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations"},{"link_name":"Turkmenistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations"},{"link_name":"United Arab Emirates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations"},{"link_name":"Uzbekistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations"},{"link_name":"Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations"},{"link_name":"Northern Domination","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_under_Chinese_rule"},{"link_name":"Yemen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yemen_relations"},{"link_name":"Albania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Austria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Belarus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Croatia_relations"},{"link_name":"Cyprus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Cyprus_relations"},{"link_name":"Czech Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Czech_Republic_relations"},{"link_name":"Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Denmark_relations"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Finland_relations"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93France_relations"},{"link_name":"Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Greece_relations"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Hungary_relations"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Iceland_relations"},{"link_name":"Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ireland_relations"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Italy_relations"},{"link_name":"Kosovo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kosovo_relations"},{"link_name":"Lithuania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lithuania_relations"},{"link_name":"Luxembourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Luxembourg_relations"},{"link_name":"Moldova","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Moldova_relations"},{"link_name":"Montenegro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Montenegro_relations"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Netherlands_relations"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Norway_relations"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Poland_relations"},{"link_name":"Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Portugal_relations"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Romania_relations"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations"},{"link_name":"San Marino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93San_Marino_relations"},{"link_name":"Serbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Spain_relations"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Sweden_relations"},{"link_name":"Switzerland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations"},{"link_name":"Ukraine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations"},{"link_name":"Vatican City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations"},{"link_name":"Fiji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Fiji_relations"},{"link_name":"Kiribati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Kiribati_relations"},{"link_name":"Micronesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Federated_States_of_Micronesia_relations"},{"link_name":"Nauru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Nauru_relations"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations"},{"link_name":"Niue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Niue_relations"},{"link_name":"Papua New Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Papua_New_Guinea_relations"},{"link_name":"Samoa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Samoa_relations"},{"link_name":"Solomon Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Solomon_Islands_relations"},{"link_name":"Tonga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tonga_relations"},{"link_name":"Vanuatu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_relations"},{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations"},{"link_name":"BCIM Economic Corridor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCIM_Economic_Corridor"},{"link_name":"BIMSTEC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation"},{"link_name":"Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-African_relations"},{"link_name":"Arab League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Arab_relations"},{"link_name":"BRICS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS"},{"link_name":"Caribbean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Caribbean_relations"},{"link_name":"China–Japan–South Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit"},{"link_name":"European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations"},{"link_name":"Latin America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations"},{"link_name":"Oceania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Pacific_relations"},{"link_name":"Third World","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Third_World_relations"},{"link_name":"United Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations"},{"link_name":"Arctic policy of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_China"},{"link_name":"China and the 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it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Bilateralrelations-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Bilateralrelations-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bilateralrelations-stub"}],"text":"Ellis, Evan (26 March 2019). \"China's engagement with Trinidad and Tobago\". Features. Global Americans. Retrieved 19 February 2022.\nStaff writer (1 February 2022). \"PoS mayor: The Chinese, an important part of Trinidad and Tobago's fabric\". Features. Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Retrieved 3 February 2022.vteForeign relations of ChinaBilateral relationsAfrica\nAlgeria\nAngola\nBenin\nBotswana\nBurkina Faso\nBurundi\nCameroon\nCape Verde\nCentral African Republic\nChad\nComoros\nCongo, Democratic Republic of the\nCongo, Republic of the\nDjibouti\nEgypt\nEquatorial Guinea\nEritrea\nEthiopia\nGabon\nGambia\nGhana\nGuinea\nGuinea-Bissau\nIvory Coast\nKenya\nLesotho\nLiberia\nLibya\nMadagascar\nMalawi\nMali\nMauritania\nMauritius\nMorocco\nMozambique\nNamibia\nNiger\nNigeria\nRwanda\nSão Tomé and Príncipe\nSenegal\nSeychelles\nSierra Leone\nSomalia\nSouth Africa\nSouth Sudan\nSudan\nTanzania\nTogo\nTunisia\nUganda\nZambia\nZimbabwe\nAmericas\nAntigua and Barbuda\nArgentina\nBahamas\nBarbados\nBolivia\nBrazil\nCanada\nChile\nColombia\nCosta Rica\nCuba\nDominican Republic\nEcuador\nEl Salvador\nGrenada\nHaiti\nHonduras\nJamaica\nMexico\nNicaragua\nPanama\nPeru\nSuriname\nTrinidad and Tobago\nUnited States\nUruguay\nVenezuela\nAsia\nAfghanistan\nArmenia\nAzerbaijan\nBangladesh\nBhutan\nBrunei\nCambodia\nEast Timor\nGeorgia\nIndia\nIndonesia\nIran\nIraq\nIsrael\nJapan\nhistory\nKazakhstan\nKyrgyzstan\nLaos\nLebanon\nMalaysia\nMaldives\nMongolia\nMyanmar\nNepal\nNorth Korea\nHistory\nPakistan\nPalestine\nPhilippines\nQatar\nSaudi Arabia\nSingapore\nSouth Korea\nHistory\nSri Lanka\nSyria\nTaiwan\nTajikistan\nThailand\nTurkey\nTurkmenistan\nUnited Arab Emirates\nUzbekistan\nVietnam\nNorthern Domination\nYemen\nEurope\nAlbania\nAustria\nBelarus\nBelgium\nBulgaria\nCroatia\nCyprus\nCzech Republic\nDenmark\nFinland\nFrance\nGermany\nGreece\nHungary\nIceland\nIreland\nItaly\nKosovo\nLithuania\nLuxembourg\nMoldova\nMontenegro\nNetherlands\nNorway\nPoland\nPortugal\nRomania\nRussia\nSan Marino\nSerbia\nSpain\nSweden\nSwitzerland\nUkraine\nUnited Kingdom\nVatican City\nOceania\nAustralia\nFiji\nKiribati\nMicronesia\nNauru\nNew Zealand\nNiue\nPapua New Guinea\nSamoa\nSolomon Islands\nTonga\nVanuatu\nFormer states\nSoviet Union\nYugoslavia\nMultilateral relations\nBCIM Economic Corridor\nBIMSTEC\nAfrica\nArab League\nBRICS\nCaribbean\nChina–Japan–South Korea\nEuropean Union\nLatin America\nOceania\nThird World\nUnited Nations\nArctic policy of China\nChina and the Antarctic\nDiplomacy\nCentral Foreign Affairs Commission (General Secretary)\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs (Foreign Minister)\nDiplomatic missions of China / in China\nBelt and Road Initiative\nChina's peaceful rise\nChinese Century\nConfucius Institute\nDates of diplomatic recognition\nForeign policy of China\nForeign Relations Law\nForeign relations of Hong Kong\nNine-dash line\nPanda diplomacy\nPolitical status of Taiwan\nChinese unification\nRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership\nStadium diplomacy\nString of Pearls\nMajor historical splits\nAlbania\nSoviet\nShanghai Cooperation Organisation\nTreaties\nTheater diplomacy\nWolf warrior diplomacy\nXi Jinping Thought on Diplomacyvte Foreign relations of Trinidad and TobagoAfrica\nSouth Africa\nAmericas\nBarbados\nBrazil\nCanada\nChile\nCuba\nDominica\nDominican Republic\nGrenada\nGuyana\nJamaica\nMexico\nPeru\nSaint Lucia\nSaint Kitts and Nevis\nSuriname\nUnited States\nVenezuela\nAsia\nBangladesh\nChina\nIndia\nJapan\nSingapore\nTurkey\nEurope\nFrance\nRussia\nSpain\nUnited Kingdom\nOceania\nAustralia\nFormer\nYugoslavia\nInternationalorganizations\nCARICOM\nUnited Nations\nDiplomatic missions\nDiplomatic missions of / in Trinidad and TobagoThis article about government in the People's Republic of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vteThis Trinidad and Tobago article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vteThis article about bilateral relations is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Foreign relations of China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China"},{"title":"Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago"},{"title":"Caribbean–China relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean%E2%80%93China_relations"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Trinidad and Tobago\". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 26 November 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/ldmzs/gjlb/3528/","url_text":"\"Trinidad and Tobago\""}]},{"reference":"\"Chinese Embassy in Trinidad and Tobago\". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 15 December 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zwjg/2490/2497/t14528.htm","url_text":"\"Chinese Embassy in Trinidad and Tobago\""}]},{"reference":"\"Top Chinese troupe performs in T&T\". Trinidad Guardian. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://guardian.co.tt/news/entertainment/2010/01/27/top-chinese-troupe-performs-tt","url_text":"\"Top Chinese troupe performs in T&T\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_Guardian","url_text":"Trinidad Guardian"}]},{"reference":"Charan, Richard (3 September 2014). \"NAPA still world class\". Local. Trinidad Express Newspaper. Retrieved 15 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://trinidadexpress.com/news/local/napa-still-world-class/article_622396d1-3b4f-5ba2-8cbb-ad35cfd39fd4.html","url_text":"\"NAPA still world class\""}]},{"reference":"Ellis, Evan (26 March 2019). \"China's engagement with Trinidad and Tobago\". Features. Global Americans. Retrieved 19 February 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://theglobalamericans.org/2019/03/chinas-engagement-with-trinidad-and-tobago/","url_text":"\"China's engagement with Trinidad and Tobago\""}]},{"reference":"Staff writer (1 February 2022). \"PoS mayor: The Chinese, an important part of Trinidad and Tobago's fabric\". Features. Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Retrieved 3 February 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://newsday.co.tt/2022/02/01/pos-mayor-the-chinese-an-important-part-of-trinidad-and-tobagos-fabric/","url_text":"\"PoS mayor: The Chinese, an important part of Trinidad and Tobago's fabric\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Newsday","url_text":"Trinidad and Tobago Newsday"}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zzjg/ldmzs/gjlb/3528/","external_links_name":"\"Trinidad and Tobago\""},{"Link":"http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjb/zwjg/2490/2497/t14528.htm","external_links_name":"\"Chinese Embassy in Trinidad and Tobago\""},{"Link":"http://guardian.co.tt/news/entertainment/2010/01/27/top-chinese-troupe-performs-tt","external_links_name":"\"Top Chinese troupe performs in T&T\""},{"Link":"https://trinidadexpress.com/news/local/napa-still-world-class/article_622396d1-3b4f-5ba2-8cbb-ad35cfd39fd4.html","external_links_name":"\"NAPA still world class\""},{"Link":"https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-04-22/why-china-spending-billions-caribbean","external_links_name":"Why is China spending billions in the Caribbean?"},{"Link":"https://theglobalamericans.org/2019/03/chinas-engagement-with-trinidad-and-tobago/","external_links_name":"\"China's engagement with Trinidad and Tobago\""},{"Link":"https://newsday.co.tt/2022/02/01/pos-mayor-the-chinese-an-important-part-of-trinidad-and-tobagos-fabric/","external_links_name":"\"PoS mayor: The Chinese, an important part of Trinidad and Tobago's fabric\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_FIBA_Asia_Champions_Cup
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2007 FIBA Asia Champions Cup
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["1 Preliminary round","1.1 Group A","1.2 Group B","2 Knockout round","2.1 Championship","2.2 5th–7th places","2.3 Quarterfinals","2.4 Semifinals","2.5 Finals","3 Final standings","4 Awards","5 External links"]
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The FIBA Asia Champions Cup 2007 was the 18th staging of the FIBA Asia Champions Cup, the basketball club tournament of FIBA Asia. The tournament was held in Tehran, Iran. Saba Battery of Tehran, Iran won the tournament after beating Al-Jalaa of Aleppo, Syria
Preliminary round
Group A
Team
Pld
W
L
PF
PA
PD
Pts
Blue Stars
2
2
0
177
128
+49
4
Al-Rayyan
2
1
1
168
123
+45
3
Young Cagers
2
0
2
107
201
−94
2
Arena
Withdrew
Al-Qadsia
Withdrew
May 12 19:00
Blue Stars
76–68
Al-Rayyan
Scoring by quarter: 19–18, 22–16, 15–12, 20–22
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 13 18:30
Al-Rayyan
100–47
Young Cagers
Scoring by quarter: 21–10, 22–16, 37–10, 20–11
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 15 18:30
Blue Stars
101–60
Young Cagers
Scoring by quarter: 32–21, 29–16, 25–7, 15–16
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
Group B
Team
Pld
W
L
PF
PA
PD
Pts
Saba Battery Tehran
4
4
0
352
267
+85
8
Al-Jalaa
4
3
1
350
290
+60
7
Astana Tigers
4
2
2
291
298
−7
6
San Miguel-Magnolia
4
1
3
333
370
−37
5
Al-Muharraq
4
0
4
233
334
−101
4
May 12 16:45
Saba Battery
78–48
Al-Muharraq
Scoring by quarter: 18–11, 20–8, 26–10, 14–19
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 12 21:15
Astana Tigers
70–94
Al-Jalaa
Scoring by quarter: 18–29, 13–21, 10–25, 29–19
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 13 16:15
San Miguel
88–101
Saba Battery
Scoring by quarter: 25–32, 13–19, 26–27, 24–23
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 13 20:45
Al-Muharraq
57–79
Astana Tigers
Scoring by quarter: 15–25, 18–18, 16–15, 8–21
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 14 18:30
Al-Jalaa
78–48
Al-Muharraq
Scoring by quarter: 18–11, 11–17, 26–11, 23–9
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 14 20:45
Astana Tigers
75–66
San Miguel
Scoring by quarter: 14–16, 19–11, 22–18, 20–21
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 15 16:15
Saba Battery
81–67
Astana Tigers
Scoring by quarter: 25–21, 16–17, 18–14, 22–15
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 15 20:45
San Miguel
80–114
Al-Jalaa
Scoring by quarter: 20–22, 14–35, 22–24, 24–33
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 16 16:15
Al-Jalaa
64–92
Saba Battery
Scoring by quarter: 19–17, 20–19, 11–26, 14–30
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 16 20:45
Al-Muharraq
80–99
San Miguel
Scoring by quarter: 17–20, 21–23, 24–36, 18–20
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
Knockout round
Championship
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal May 18 – Tehran Astana Tigers 75 May 19 – Tehran Al-Rayyan 86
Al-Rayyan 70 May 18 – Tehran Saba Battery74
Bye May 20 – Tehran Saba Battery Saba Battery 83 May 18 – Tehran Al-Jalaa 75
San Miguel 94 May 19 – Tehran Blue Stars 83
San Miguel77 May 18 – Tehran Al-Jalaa 109
Third place Young Cagers 79 May 20 – Tehran Al-Jalaa 102
Al-Rayyan 95 San Miguel 75
5th–7th places
Semi-finalsFifth place May 19 – Tehran Blue Stars115 May 20 – Tehran Young Cagers 73
Blue Stars 97 May 19 – Tehran Astana Tigers 82 Bye Astana Tigers
Quarterfinals
May 18 16:15
San Miguel
94–83
Blue Stars
Scoring by quarter: 27–26, 30–13, 13–24, 24–20
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 18 18:30
Astana Tigers
75–86
Al-Rayyan
Scoring by quarter: 23–25, 10–22, 20–21, 22–18
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 18 20:45
Young Cagers
79–102
Al-Jalaa
Scoring by quarter: 24–24, 7–31, 24–26, 24–21
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
Semifinals
May 19 18:30
5th–7th
Blue Stars
115–73
Young Cagers
Scoring by quarter: 25–15, 27–16, 34–14, 29–28
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 19 16:15
Semis
Al-Rayyan
70–74
Saba Battery
Scoring by quarter: 25–14, 11–22, 22–16, 12–22
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 19 20:45
Semis
San Miguel
77–109
Al-Jalaa
Scoring by quarter: 14–30, 28–24, 15–31, 20–24
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
Finals
May 20 14:00
5th–6th
Blue Stars
97–82
Astana Tigers
Scoring by quarter: 23–19, 26–17, 24–21, 24–25
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 20 16:15
Bronze
Al-Rayyan
95–75
San Miguel
Scoring by quarter: 20–19, 24–16, 27–17, 24–23
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
May 20 18:30
Gold
Saba Battery
83–75
Al-Jalaa
Scoring by quarter: 20–13, 21–26, 15–15, 27–21
Pts: S. Nikkhah 25
Pts: Madanly 28
Azadi Basketball Hall, Tehran
Final standings
Rank
Team
Record
Saba Battery Tehran
6–0
Al-Jalaa
5–2
Al-Rayyan
3–2
4th
San Miguel-Magnolia
2–5
5th
Blue Stars
4–1
6th
Astana Tigers
2–4
7th
Young Cagers
0–4
8th
Al-Muharraq
0–4
Awards
Most Valuable Player: S. Nikkhah (Saba Battery Tehran)
External links
Fibaasia.net
vteBasketball Champions League Asia
FIBA
FIBA Asia
Seasons
1981
1984
1988
1990
1992
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2016
2017
2018
2019
2022
2024
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"2007 FIBA Asia Champions Cup"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Preliminary round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blue Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluestars_(Lebanon)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar"},{"link_name":"Al-Rayyan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rayyan_Sports_Club"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Al-Rayyan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rayyan_Sports_Club"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Young Cagers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Cagers"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Blue Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluestars_(Lebanon)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Young Cagers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Cagers"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"}],"sub_title":"Group A","text":"May 12 19:00\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBlue Stars \n76–68\n Al-Rayyan\nScoring by quarter: 19–18, 22–16, 15–12, 20–22\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 13 18:30\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAl-Rayyan \n100–47\n Young Cagers\nScoring by quarter: 21–10, 22–16, 37–10, 20–11\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 15 18:30\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBlue Stars \n101–60\n Young Cagers\nScoring by quarter: 32–21, 29–16, 25–7, 15–16\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, Tehran","title":"Preliminary round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saba Battery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_Battery_Tehran_BC"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain"},{"link_name":"Al-Muharraq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharraq_Club"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Astana Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_Tigers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Jalaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaa_SC_(men%27s_basketball)"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"San 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Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Saba Battery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_Battery_Tehran_BC"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan"},{"link_name":"Astana Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_Tigers"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"San Miguel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel-Philippines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Jalaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaa_SC_(men%27s_basketball)"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Al-Jalaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaa_SC_(men%27s_basketball)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"link_name":"Saba Battery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_Battery_Tehran_BC"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Al-Muharraq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharraq_Club"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"San Miguel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel-Philippines"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"}],"sub_title":"Group B","text":"May 12 16:45\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSaba Battery \n78–48\n Al-Muharraq\nScoring by quarter: 18–11, 20–8, 26–10, 14–19\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 12 21:15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAstana Tigers \n70–94\n Al-Jalaa \nScoring by quarter: 18–29, 13–21, 10–25, 29–19\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 13 16:15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSan Miguel \n88–101\n Saba Battery\nScoring by quarter: 25–32, 13–19, 26–27, 24–23\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 13 20:45\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAl-Muharraq \n57–79\n Astana Tigers\nScoring by quarter: 15–25, 18–18, 16–15, 8–21\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 14 18:30\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAl-Jalaa \n78–48\n Al-Muharraq\nScoring by quarter: 18–11, 11–17, 26–11, 23–9\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 14 20:45\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAstana Tigers \n75–66\n San Miguel\nScoring by quarter: 14–16, 19–11, 22–18, 20–21\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 15 16:15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSaba Battery \n81–67\n Astana Tigers\nScoring by quarter: 25–21, 16–17, 18–14, 22–15\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 15 20:45\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSan Miguel \n80–114\n Al-Jalaa \nScoring by quarter: 20–22, 14–35, 22–24, 24–33\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 16 16:15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAl-Jalaa \n64–92\n Saba Battery\nScoring by quarter: 19–17, 20–19, 11–26, 14–30\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 16 20:45\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAl-Muharraq \n80–99\n San Miguel\nScoring by quarter: 17–20, 21–23, 24–36, 18–20\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, Tehran","title":"Preliminary round"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Knockout round"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Championship","title":"Knockout round"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"5th–7th places","title":"Knockout round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"San Miguel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel-Philippines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"},{"link_name":"Blue Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluestars_(Lebanon)"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Astana Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_Tigers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar"},{"link_name":"Al-Rayyan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rayyan_Sports_Club"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Young Cagers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Cagers"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Jalaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jalaa"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"}],"sub_title":"Quarterfinals","text":"May 18 16:15\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSan Miguel \n94–83\n Blue Stars\nScoring by quarter: 27–26, 30–13, 13–24, 24–20\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 18 18:30\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAstana Tigers \n75–86\n Al-Rayyan\nScoring by quarter: 23–25, 10–22, 20–21, 22–18\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 18 20:45\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nYoung Cagers \n79–102\n Al-Jalaa\nScoring by quarter: 24–24, 7–31, 24–26, 24–21\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, Tehran","title":"Knockout round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blue Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluestars_(Lebanon)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Young Cagers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Cagers"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Al-Rayyan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rayyan_Sports_Club"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"link_name":"Saba Battery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_Battery_Tehran_BC"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"San Miguel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel-Philippines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Jalaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jalaa"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"}],"sub_title":"Semifinals","text":"May 19 18:30\n\n\n\n5th–7th\n\n\n\nBlue Stars \n115–73\n Young Cagers\nScoring by quarter: 25–15, 27–16, 34–14, 29–28\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 19 16:15\n\n\n\nSemis\n\n\n\nAl-Rayyan \n70–74\n Saba Battery\nScoring by quarter: 25–14, 11–22, 22–16, 12–22\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 19 20:45\n\n\n\nSemis\n\n\n\nSan Miguel \n77–109\n Al-Jalaa\nScoring by quarter: 14–30, 28–24, 15–31, 20–24\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, Tehran","title":"Knockout round"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Blue Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluestars_(Lebanon)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan"},{"link_name":"Astana Tigers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astana_Tigers"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Al-Rayyan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rayyan_Sports_Club"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"San Miguel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Miguel-Philippines"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"},{"link_name":"Saba Battery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saba_Battery_Tehran_BC"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Jalaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jalaa"},{"link_name":"Pts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"S. Nikkhah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samad_Nikkhah_Bahrami"},{"link_name":"Madanly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madanly"},{"link_name":"Azadi Basketball Hall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadi_Basketball_Hall"},{"link_name":"Tehran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran"}],"sub_title":"Finals","text":"May 20 14:00\n\n\n\n5th–6th\n\n\n\nBlue Stars \n97–82\n Astana Tigers\nScoring by quarter: 23–19, 26–17, 24–21, 24–25\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 20 16:15\n\n\n\nBronze\n\n\n\nAl-Rayyan \n95–75\n San Miguel\nScoring by quarter: 20–19, 24–16, 27–17, 24–23\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, TehranMay 20 18:30\n\n\n\nGold\n\n\n\nSaba Battery \n83–75\n Al-Jalaa\nScoring by quarter: 20–13, 21–26, 15–15, 27–21\nPts: S. Nikkhah 25\n\nPts: Madanly 28\n\n\n\nAzadi Basketball Hall, Tehran","title":"Knockout round"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Final standings"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"link_name":"S. Nikkhah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samad_Nikkhah_Bahrami"}],"text":"Most Valuable Player: S. Nikkhah (Saba Battery Tehran)","title":"Awards"}]
|
[]
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[]
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[{"Link":"http://www.fibaasia.net/Website%20files/18thFACCup/final%20schedule%20result.pdf","external_links_name":"Fibaasia.net"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Paula_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_la_Rosa
|
Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
|
["1 Biography","2 Orders","2.1 Kingdom of Spain","2.2 Foreign","3 References"]
|
Prime Minister of Spain (1787–1862)
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Martínez de la Rosa and the second or maternal family name is Cornejo.
The Most ExcellentFrancisco Martínez de la RosaPrime Minister of SpainIn office10 January 1834 – 7 June 1835MonarchIsabella IIPreceded byFrancisco Cea BermúdezSucceeded byJosé María Queipo de LlanoIn office28 February 1822 – 5 August 1822MonarchFerdinand VIIPreceded byRamón López Pelegrín (acting)Succeeded byEvaristo Fernández San Miguel y Valledor (acting)Seat C of the Real Academia EspañolaIn office4 January 1821 – 7 February 1862Preceded byManuel de Lardizábal y UribeSucceeded byLuis González BravoDirector of the Real Academia EspañolaIn office21 November 1839 – 7 February 1862Preceded byJosé Gabriel de Silva-BazánSucceeded byÁngel de Saavedra
Personal detailsBornFrancisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo(1787-03-10)10 March 1787Granada, SpainDied7 February 1862(1862-02-07) (aged 74)Madrid, SpainResting placePantheon of Illustrious MenPolitical partyRealista ModeradoAlma materUniversity of GranadaSignature
Tombstone of Martínez de la Rosa and other five Spanish Liberal politicians of the 19th century at the Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Atocha, Madrid, Spain
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.
He became Prime Minister in the opening months of the First Carlist War and his liberal government oversaw the promulgation of a new Spanish constitution: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.
Biography
He was born at Granada, and educated at the university there.
He won popularity with a series of epigrams on local celebrities published under the title of El Cementerio de momo. During the struggle against Napoleon he took the patriotic side, was elected deputy, and at Cadiz produced his first play, Lo que puede un empleo, a prose comedy in the manner of the younger Leandro Fernández de Moratín. La Viuda de Padilia (1814), a tragedy modelled upon Alfieri, was less acceptable to the Spanish public.
Meanwhile, the author became more and more engulfed in politics, and in 1814 was banished to Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera on the Barbary Coast, where he remained until 1820, when he was suddenly recalled and appointed prime minister. During the next three years he was the most unpopular man in Spain; denounced as a revolutionist by the Conservatives and as a reactionary by the Liberals, he alienated the sympathies of all parties, and his rhetoric earned for him the contemptuous nickname of Rosita la Pastelera (Rosie the compromiser/cake maker). In 1822, Francisco Martínez de la Rosa appointed Diego de Medrano y Treviño as Minister of the Interior, replacing Moscoso in the position.
Exiled in 1823, he took refuge in Paris, where he issued his Obras literarias (1827), including his Arte poética, in which he exaggerated the literary theories already promulgated by Luzán.
Returning to Spain in 1831, he became prime minister on the death of Ferdinand VII, but proved incapable of coping with the insurrectionary movement and resigned in 1834. It is worth noting that, before retiring, Martinez de la Rosa, as President of the Cabinet, approved the royal decree that finally abolished the Spanish Inquisition.
He was ambassador at Paris in 1839–1840 and at Rome in 1842–1843, joined the Conservative party, held many important offices, and was president of congress and director of the Royal Spanish Academy at the time of his death, which took place at Madrid on 7 February 1862.
As a statesman, Martinez de la Rosa never rose above mediocrity. It was his misfortune to be in place without real power, to struggle against a turbulent pseudo-democratic movement promoted by unscrupulous soldiers, and to contend with the intrigues of the king, the court camarilla and the clergy. But circumstances which hampered him in politics favoured his career in literature. He was not a great natural force; his early plays and poems are influenced by Leandro Moratín or by Juan Meléndez Valdés; his Espíritu del siglo (1835) is a summary of all the commonplaces concerning the philosophy of history; his Doña Isabel de Solís (1837–1846) is an imitation of Walter Scott's historical novels.
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa
Through the accident of his exile at Paris he was thrown into relations with the leaders of the French Romantic Movement, and was so far impressed with the innovations of the new school as to write in French a romantic piece entitled Abén Humeya (1830), which was played at the Porte Saint-Martin. On his return to Madrid Martinez de la Rosa produced La Conjuracíon de Venecia (April 23, 1834), which entitles him to be called the pioneer of the romantic drama in Spain.
Orders
Kingdom of Spain
Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III.
Foreign
Knight of the Supreme Order of Christ. (Kingdom of Portugal)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honor. (Kingdom of France)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer. (Kingdom of Greece)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross. (Empire of Brazil)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands. (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX. (Papal States)
Knight of the Order of St. Jenaro. (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
Knight of the Order of St. Ferdinand of Merit. (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus. (Kingdom of Sardinia)
Knight of the Order of the Glory. (Ottoman Empire)
References
^ a b c d e f g h Chisholm 1911.
^ Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 684.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Española, Real Academia (1852). Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.
^ Española, Real Academia (1852). Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Martínez de la Rosa, Francisco de Paula". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 800.
Political offices
FirstNone recognized before
Prime Minister of Spain 15 January 1834 – 7 June 1835
Succeeded byThe Count of Toreno
Minister of State 15 January 1834 – 7 June 1835
Preceded byRamón María NarváezActing
Minister of State 21 August 1844 – 12 February 1846
Succeeded byThe Marquis of Miraflores
Preceded byLeopoldo Augusto de Cueto
Minister of State 25 October 1857 – 14 January 1858
Succeeded byFrancisco Javier de Istúriz
vtePrime ministers of SpainActing prime ministers shown in italics.Queen Isabella II(1833–1868)
Martínez de la Rosa
Toreno
Álava
Álvarez Mendizábal
Istúriz
Calatrava
Espartero
Bardají
Heredia-Spínola
Frías
Alaix
Pérez de Castro
A. González
Ferraz
Cortázar
Sancho
Espartero
Ferrer
A. González
Rodil
J. M. López
Gómez Becerra
Olózaga
González Bravo
Narváez
Miraflores
Narváez
Sotomayor
Pacheco
Salamanca
García Goyena
Narváez
Clonard
Bravo Murillo
Roncali
Lersundi
Sartorius
Mendigorría
Rivas
Espartero
O'Donnell
Narváez
Armero
Istúriz
O'Donnell
Arrazola
Mon
Narváez
O'Donnell
Narváez
González Bravo
Havana
Democratic Sexennium(1868–1874)
Madoz
Serrano
Prim
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Spanish name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_name"},{"link_name":"surname","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mausoleo_conjunto_PHI_(Madrid)_02.jpg"},{"link_name":"Panteón de Hombres Ilustres","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pante%C3%B3n_de_Hombres_Ilustres"},{"link_name":"prime minister of Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain"},{"link_name":"First Carlist War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Carlist_War"},{"link_name":"Spanish Royal Statute of 1834","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Statute_of_1834"}],"text":"In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Martínez de la Rosa and the second or maternal family name is Cornejo.Tombstone of Martínez de la Rosa and other five Spanish Liberal politicians of the 19th century at the Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Atocha, Madrid, SpainFrancisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.He became Prime Minister in the opening months of the First Carlist War and his liberal government oversaw the promulgation of a new Spanish constitution: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.","title":"Francisco Martínez de la Rosa"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Granada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"link_name":"epigrams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigram"},{"link_name":"Napoleon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France"},{"link_name":"Cadiz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadiz"},{"link_name":"comedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy"},{"link_name":"Leandro Fernández de Moratín","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn"},{"link_name":"tragedy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy"},{"link_name":"Alfieri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"link_name":"Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera"},{"link_name":"Barbary Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_Coast"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Conservatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism"},{"link_name":"Liberals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism"},{"link_name":"rhetoric","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"link_name":"Diego de Medrano y Treviño","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_de_Medrano_y_Trevi%C3%B1o"},{"link_name":"Paris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris,_France"},{"link_name":"Luzán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Luz%C3%A1n"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"link_name":"Ferdinand VII","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VII"},{"link_name":"insurrectionary movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlist_Wars"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"link_name":"Spanish Inquisition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Rome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome"},{"link_name":"Royal Spanish Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy"},{"link_name":"Madrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"link_name":"camarilla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camarilla_(history)"},{"link_name":"Juan Meléndez Valdés","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Mel%C3%A9ndez_Vald%C3%A9s"},{"link_name":"Walter Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Scott"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FMartinez_de_la_Rosa.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"}],"text":"He was born at Granada, and educated at the university there.[1]He won popularity with a series of epigrams on local celebrities published under the title of El Cementerio de momo. During the struggle against Napoleon he took the patriotic side, was elected deputy, and at Cadiz produced his first play, Lo que puede un empleo, a prose comedy in the manner of the younger Leandro Fernández de Moratín. La Viuda de Padilia (1814), a tragedy modelled upon Alfieri, was less acceptable to the Spanish public.[1]Meanwhile, the author became more and more engulfed in politics, and in 1814 was banished to Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera on the Barbary Coast,[2] where he remained until 1820, when he was suddenly recalled and appointed prime minister. During the next three years he was the most unpopular man in Spain; denounced as a revolutionist by the Conservatives and as a reactionary by the Liberals, he alienated the sympathies of all parties, and his rhetoric earned for him the contemptuous nickname of Rosita la Pastelera (Rosie the compromiser/cake maker).[1] In 1822, Francisco Martínez de la Rosa appointed Diego de Medrano y Treviño as Minister of the Interior, replacing Moscoso in the position.Exiled in 1823, he took refuge in Paris, where he issued his Obras literarias (1827), including his Arte poética, in which he exaggerated the literary theories already promulgated by Luzán.[1]Returning to Spain in 1831, he became prime minister on the death of Ferdinand VII, but proved incapable of coping with the insurrectionary movement and resigned in 1834.[1] It is worth noting that, before retiring, Martinez de la Rosa, as President of the Cabinet, approved the royal decree that finally abolished the Spanish Inquisition.[citation needed]He was ambassador at Paris in 1839–1840 and at Rome in 1842–1843, joined the Conservative party, held many important offices, and was president of congress and director of the Royal Spanish Academy at the time of his death, which took place at Madrid on 7 February 1862.[1]As a statesman, Martinez de la Rosa never rose above mediocrity. It was his misfortune to be in place without real power, to struggle against a turbulent pseudo-democratic movement promoted by unscrupulous soldiers, and to contend with the intrigues of the king, the court camarilla and the clergy. But circumstances which hampered him in politics favoured his career in literature. He was not a great natural force; his early plays and poems are influenced by Leandro Moratín or by Juan Meléndez Valdés; his Espíritu del siglo (1835) is a summary of all the commonplaces concerning the philosophy of history; his Doña Isabel de Solís (1837–1846) is an imitation of Walter Scott's historical novels.[1]Francisco de Paula Martínez de la RosaThrough the accident of his exile at Paris he was thrown into relations with the leaders of the French Romantic Movement, and was so far impressed with the innovations of the new school as to write in French a romantic piece entitled Abén Humeya (1830), which was played at the Porte Saint-Martin. On his return to Madrid Martinez de la Rosa produced La Conjuracíon de Venecia (April 23, 1834), which entitles him to be called the pioneer of the romantic drama in Spain.[1]","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Orders"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Order of Charles III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Charles_III"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"}],"sub_title":"Kingdom of Spain","text":"Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.[3]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III.[3]","title":"Orders"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kingdom of Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Empire of Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Papal States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of the Two Sicilies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of the Two Sicilies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Kingdom of Sardinia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"},{"link_name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-3"}],"sub_title":"Foreign","text":"Knight of the Supreme Order of Christ. (Kingdom of Portugal)[3]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honor. (Kingdom of France)[3]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer. (Kingdom of Greece)[3]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross. (Empire of Brazil)[3]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands. (Kingdom of the Netherlands)[3]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX. (Papal States)[3]\nKnight of the Order of St. Jenaro. (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)[3]\nKnight of the Order of St. Ferdinand of Merit. (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)[4]\nKnight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus. (Kingdom of Sardinia)[3]\nKnight of the Order of the Glory. (Ottoman Empire)[3]","title":"Orders"}]
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[{"image_text":"Tombstone of Martínez de la Rosa and other five Spanish Liberal politicians of the 19th century at the Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Atocha, Madrid, Spain","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Mausoleo_conjunto_PHI_%28Madrid%29_02.jpg/160px-Mausoleo_conjunto_PHI_%28Madrid%29_02.jpg"},{"image_text":"Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/FMartinez_de_la_Rosa.jpg/200px-FMartinez_de_la_Rosa.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 684.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n690/mode/1up","url_text":"Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862"}]},{"reference":"Española, Real Academia (1852). Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=cFRPg_VIQJAC&dq=ventura+de+la+vega+gran+cruz+isabel+la+cat%C3%B3lica+carlos+iii&pg=PP9","url_text":"Diccionario de la lengua castellana"}]},{"reference":"Española, Real Academia (1852). Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=cFRPg_VIQJAC&dq=ventura+de+la+vega+gran+cruz+isabel+la+cat%C3%B3lica+carlos+iii&pg=PP9","url_text":"Diccionario de la lengua castellana"}]},{"reference":"Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Martínez de la Rosa, Francisco de Paula\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 800.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm","url_text":"Chisholm, Hugh"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mart%C3%ADnez_de_la_Rosa,_Francisco_de_Paula","url_text":"Martínez de la Rosa, Francisco de Paula"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition","url_text":"Encyclopædia Britannica"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Malaysia
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Attorney General of Malaysia
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["1 Article 145","2 List of attorneys general","3 References","4 External links"]
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Principal legal adviser of Malaysia
Attorney General of MalaysiaPeguam Negara MalaysiaIncumbentAhmad Terrirudin Mohd Sallehsince 6 September 2023 (2023-09-06)Attorney General's ChambersStyleThe Honourable (Malay: Yang Berbahagia)Reports toPrime MinisterSeatPutrajayaAppointerYang di-Pertuan Agongon the recommendation of the Prime Minister of MalaysiaTerm lengthNo fixed termConstituting instrumentArticle 145 of the Federal ConstitutionFormation1946 (1946)First holderKenneth O'Connor(as Attorney General of the Malayan Union)DeputySolicitor General of MalaysiaSolicitor General II of MalaysiaSolicitor General III of MalaysiaWebsiteagc.gov.my
The Attorney General of Malaysia (Malay: Peguam Negara also referred to as the AG) is the principal legal adviser of Malaysia. The Attorney General is also the highest ranking public prosecutor in the country and is also known as the Public Prosecutor, or simply PP. The powers with regard to prosecution is contained in Article 145(3) of the Federal Constitution. For instance, exercisable at his discretion, the Attorney General may institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.
Unlike a number of other Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, the head of the prosecuting authority in Malaysia is simply known as the Public Prosecutor, or PP, instead of the Director of Public Prosecutions, or DPP. In Malaysia, a prosecuting officer is known as a Deputy Public Prosecutor, also known as DPP, and it should not be confused with the previous meaning.
The AG is also the head of the Attorney General's Chambers. There are separate chambers for the state of Sabah and Sarawak which deals with civil law matters affecting the respective state government. Criminal prosecution duties in Sabah and Sarawak are handled by the Malaysian AG. The other states in Peninsular Malaysia do not have separate chambers.
The AG has often been accused of being partial towards the executive or offering too much deference towards the executive.
The 8th AG, Tommy Thomas, is the first non-Malay and non-Muslim Attorney General to hold office since the formation of Malaysia in 1963. Pakatan Harapan leader Anwar Ibrahim clarified that his appointment will not adversely affect the status of Islam in the country. Thomas resigned on 28 February 2020.
Article 145
The A-G's overall powers, roles, and responsibilities are provided for in Article 145 of the Federal Constitution:
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint a person who is qualified to be a judge of the Federal Court to be the Attorney General for the Federation.
It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the cabinet or any minister upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under this Constitution or any other written law.
The Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.
Federal law may confer on the Attorney General power to determine the courts in which or the venue at which any proceedings which he has power under Clause (3) to institute shall be instituted or to which such proceedings shall be transferred.
In the performance of his duties the Attorney General shall have the right of audience in, and shall take precedence over any other person appearing before, any court or tribunal in the Federation.
Subject to Clause (6), the Attorney General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and may at any time resign his office and, unless he is a member of the Cabinet, shall receive such remuneration as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may determine.
The person holding the office of Attorney General immediately prior to the coming into operation of this Article shall continue to hold the office on terms and conditions not less favourable than those applicable to him immediately before such coming into operation and shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Federal Court.
List of attorneys general
No.
Attorney General of Malayan Union
Term of office
Took office
Left office
Time in office
1.
Kenneth O'Connor
1946
1948
2 years
No.
Attorney General of Federation of Malaya
Term of office
Took office
Left office
Time in office
-
E. P. S. Bell (Acting)
1948
1948
1.
Stafford Foster Sutton
1948
1950
2 years
2.
Michael Joseph Hogan
1950
1955
5 years
3.
Thomas Vernor Alexander Brodie
1955
1959
4 years
4.
Cecil Majella Sheridan
1959
1963
4 years
No.
Attorney General of Malaysia
Term of office
Took office
Left office
Time in office
1.
Abdul Kadir Yusuf
1963
1977
14 years
2.
Hamzah Abu Samah
1977
1980
3 years
3.
Abu Talib Othman
1980
1993
13 years
4.
Mohtar Abdullah
1994
2000
6 years
5.
Ainum Mohd Saaid
January 2001
December 2001
6.
Abdul Gani Patail
1 January 2002
27 July 2015
13 years, 207 days
7.
Mohamed Apandi Ali
27 July 2015
4 June 2018
2 years, 312 days
–
Engku Nor Faizah Engku Atek (Acting)
2018
2018
8.
Tommy Thomas
4 June 2018
28 February 2020
1 year, 269 days
–
Engku Nor Faizah Engku Atek (Acting)
3 March 2020
6 March 2020
3 days
9.
Idrus Harun
6 March 2020
6 September 2023
3 years, 185 days
10.
Ahmad Terrirudin Mohd Salleh
6 September 2023
Incumbent
284 days
References
^ "Malaysian PM pledges police chief, attorney-general not involved in Anwar's sodomy case". International Herald Tribune. 20 July 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
^ "The trial of opposition parliamentarian Lim Guan Eng:an update". Amnesty International. 1 March 1997. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
^ "Malaysian king consents to appointment of Tommy Thomas as Attorney-General". Channel NewsAsia. Mediacorp. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Appointing Tommy Thomas as Attorney-General will not affect status of Islam: Anwar Ibrahim". Channel NewsAsia. Mediacorp. 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
^ "Tommy Thomas resigns as AG". Malaysiakini. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
^ "Roll of Former Attorney Generals". Attorney General's Chambers. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
^ "Dr M urged to disclose current status of Apandi and appoint new AG". New Straits Times. 2 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ "Solicitor-General is acting AG". The Star. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
External links
Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia Archived 30 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Malaysian Judiciary
Malaysian Bar Council
vteAttorneys General of the British Empire and the United Kingdom
Legend
Current territory
Former territory
* Now a Commonwealth realm
Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations
Europe
1175-1921 Ireland
1708–1757 Menorca
Since 1713 Gibraltar
1763–1782 Menorca
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1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate)
1813–1964 Malta (Colony)
1807–1890 Heligoland
1809–1864 Ionian Islands
1878–1960 Cyprus
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vteNorth America17th century and before18th century19th and 20th century
1579 New Albion
1583–1907 Newfoundland
1605–1979 *Saint Lucia
1607–1776 Virginia
Since 1619 Bermuda
1620–1691 Plymouth Colony
1623–1883 Saint Kitts *(Saint Kitts & Nevis)
1624–1966 *Barbados
1625–1650 Saint Croix
1627–1979 *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1628–1883 Nevis *(Saint Kitts & Nevis)
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since 1632 Montserrat
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1636–1776 Connecticut
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Since 1666 British Virgin Islands
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1670–1973 *Bahamas
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1833–1960 Windward Islands
1833–1960 Leeward Islands
1841–1867 Province of Canada
1849–1866 Vancouver Island
1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands
1858–1866 British Columbia
1859–1870 North-Western Territory
1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda
1862–1863 Stikine Territory
1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia
1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada2
1871–1964 British Honduras (*Belize)
1882–1983 *Saint Kitts and Nevis
1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago
1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland3
1958–1962 West Indies Federation
1. Occupied jointly with the United States.
2. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Canada's name.
3. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.
South America
1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname)
1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands4
1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana)
Since 1833 Falkland Islands5
Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands5
4. Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia.
5. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.
vteAfrica17th and 18th centuries19th century20th century
Since 1658 Saint Helena14
1792–1961 Sierra Leone
1795–1803 Cape Colony
Since 1815 Ascension Island14
Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
1806–1910 Cape Colony
1807–1808 Madeira
1810–1968 Mauritius
1816–1965 The Gambia
1856–1910 Natal
1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho)
1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana)
1882–1922 Egypt
1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana)
1884–1960 British Somaliland
1887–1897 Zululand
1890–1962 Uganda
1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania)
1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi)
1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate
1893–1968 Swaziland
1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate
1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1900–1914 Northern Nigeria
1900–1914 Southern Nigeria
1900–1910 Orange River Colony
1900–1910 Transvaal Colony
1906–1954 Nigeria Colony
1910–1931 South Africa
1914–1954 Nigeria Colony and Protectorate
1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia)
1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon)6
1920–1963 Kenya
1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania)6
1923–1965 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)7
1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
1954–1960 Nigeria
1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)7
6. League of Nations mandate.
7. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
vteAsia17th and 18th century19th century20th century
1652–1950 Madras Presidency
1668-1947 Bombay Presidency
1685–1824 Bencoolen (Sumatra)
1702–1705 Pulo Condore
1757–1947 Bengal Presidency (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh)
1762–1764 Manila and Cavite
1786–1946 Penang (Malaysia)
1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1796–1965 Maldives
1812–1824 Banka (Sumatra) and Billiton (Sumatra)
1819–1826 British Malaya (West Malaysia and Singapore)
1826–1946 Straits Settlements (Malaysia and Singapore)
1839–1967 Colony of Aden
1839–1842 Afghanistan
1841–1997 Hong Kong
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1848–1946 Labuan (Malaysia)
1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma)
1874–1963 British Borneo (East Malaysia and Brunei)
1879–1919 Afghanistan (protectorate)
1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia)
1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei
1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate
1892–1971 Trucial States
1895–1946 Federated Malay States
1898–1930 Weihai Garrison
1878–1960 Cyprus
1907–1949 Bhutan (protectorate)
1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate
1920–1932 Iraq8
1921–1946 Transjordan8
1923–1948 Palestine8
1945–1946 South Vietnam
1946–1963 North Borneo (Malaysia)
1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia)
1946–1963 Singapore
1946–1948 Malayan Union
1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia)
Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus)
Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)
8 League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi TreatyvteOceania18th and 19th centuries20th century
1788–1901 New South Wales
1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania
1807–1863 Auckland Islands9
1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu)
1824–1901 Queensland
1829–1901 Swan River Colony/Western Australia
1836–1901 South Australia
since 1838 Pitcairn Islands
1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand
1851–1901 Victoria
1874–1970 Fiji10
1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories
1884–1949 Territory of Papua
1888–1901 Cook Islands9
1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)9
1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands11
1893–1978 British Solomon Islands12
1900–1970 Tonga (protected state)
1900–1974 Niue9
1901–1942 *Commonwealth of Australia
1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand
1919–1942 Nauru
1945–1968 Nauru
1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea
1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea13
9. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
10. Suspended member.
11. Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu.
12. Now the *Solomon Islands.
13. Now *Papua New Guinea.
Antarctica and South Atlantic
Since 1658 Saint Helena14
Since 1815 Ascension Island14
Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory15
1841–1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia)
1841–1947 Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand)
14. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
15. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Malay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language"},{"link_name":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia"},{"link_name":"prosecutor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor"},{"link_name":"Commonwealth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations"},{"link_name":"Director of Public Prosecutions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions"},{"link_name":"prosecuting officer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor"},{"link_name":"Attorney General's Chambers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attorney_General%27s_Chambers_of_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sabah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah"},{"link_name":"Sarawak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak"},{"link_name":"civil law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ChannelNewsAsia-5June2018-3"},{"link_name":"Pakatan Harapan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan"},{"link_name":"Anwar Ibrahim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim"},{"link_name":"Islam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The Attorney General of Malaysia (Malay: Peguam Negara also referred to as the AG) is the principal legal adviser of Malaysia. The Attorney General is also the highest ranking public prosecutor in the country and is also known as the Public Prosecutor, or simply PP. The powers with regard to prosecution is contained in Article 145(3) of the Federal Constitution. For instance, exercisable at his discretion, the Attorney General may institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.Unlike a number of other Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, the head of the prosecuting authority in Malaysia is simply known as the Public Prosecutor, or PP, instead of the Director of Public Prosecutions, or DPP. In Malaysia, a prosecuting officer is known as a Deputy Public Prosecutor, also known as DPP, and it should not be confused with the previous meaning.The AG is also the head of the Attorney General's Chambers. There are separate chambers for the state of Sabah and Sarawak which deals with civil law matters affecting the respective state government. Criminal prosecution duties in Sabah and Sarawak are handled by the Malaysian AG. The other states in Peninsular Malaysia do not have separate chambers.The AG has often been accused of being partial towards the executive or offering too much deference towards the executive.[1][2]\nThe 8th AG, Tommy Thomas, is the first non-Malay and non-Muslim Attorney General to hold office since the formation of Malaysia in 1963.[3] Pakatan Harapan leader Anwar Ibrahim clarified that his appointment will not adversely affect the status of Islam in the country.[4] Thomas resigned on 28 February 2020.[5]","title":"Attorney General of Malaysia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Federal Court","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts_of_Malaysia"}],"text":"The A-G's overall powers, roles, and responsibilities are provided for in Article 145 of the Federal Constitution:The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint a person who is qualified to be a judge of the Federal Court to be the Attorney General for the Federation.\nIt shall be the duty of the Attorney General to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the cabinet or any minister upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under this Constitution or any other written law.\nThe Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.\nFederal law may confer on the Attorney General power to determine the courts in which or the venue at which any proceedings which he has power under Clause (3) to institute shall be instituted or to which such proceedings shall be transferred.\nIn the performance of his duties the Attorney General shall have the right of audience in, and shall take precedence over any other person appearing before, any court or tribunal in the Federation.\nSubject to Clause (6), the Attorney General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and may at any time resign his office and, unless he is a member of the Cabinet, shall receive such remuneration as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may determine.\nThe person holding the office of Attorney General immediately prior to the coming into operation of this Article shall continue to hold the office on terms and conditions not less favourable than those applicable to him immediately before such coming into operation and shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Federal Court.","title":"Article 145"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"List of attorneys general"}]
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[]
| null |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_thromboembolic_pulmonary_hypertension
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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
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["1 Signs and symptoms","2 Pathogenesis","3 Diagnosis","4 Treatment","4.1 Medical therapy","4.2 Pulmonary endarterectomy","4.3 Balloon pulmonary angioplasty","5 Prognosis","6 Epidemiology","7 References","8 External links"]
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Medical conditionChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertensionOther namesCTEPHSpecialtyPulmonology, cardiologyUsual onset63 years (median)DurationLong termRisk factorsSplenectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic thyroid hormone replacement, blood types other than O, malignancy, infected ventriculo-atrial shunt, permanent intravenous leads Diagnostic methodInvasively measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure combined with specialist imaging TreatmentPulmonary endarterectomy, Balloon pulmonary angioplasty, medical treatment Frequency5 cases per million
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term disease caused by a blockage in the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the lungs (the pulmonary arterial tree). These blockages cause increased resistance to flow in the pulmonary arterial tree which in turn leads to rise in pressure in these arteries (pulmonary hypertension). The blockages either result from organised (or hardened) blood clots that usually originate from the deep veins of the lower limbs of the body (thromboembolism) and lodge in the pulmonary arterial tree after passing through the right side of the heart. The blockages may also result from scar tissue that forms at the site where the clot has damaged the endothelial lining of the pulmonary arteries, causing permanent fibrous obstruction (blood flow blockage). Most patients have a combination of microvascular (small vessel) and macrovascular (large vessel) obstruction. Some patients may present with normal or near-normal pulmonary pressures at rest despite symptomatic disease. These patients are labelled as having chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED).
Diagnosis is made after at least three months of effective blood thinning to discern this condition from subacute pulmonary embolism. Diagnostic findings for CTEPH are:
Invasively (i.e., in the blood) measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg;
Mismatched perfusion defects on lung ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan and specific diagnostic signs for CTEPH seen by multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or conventional pulmonary cineangiography (PAG), such as ring-like stenoses, webs/slits, chronic total occlusions (pouch lesions, or tapered lesions) and tortuous lesions.
Signs and symptoms
Clinical symptoms and signs are often non-specific or absent in early CTEPH, with signs of right heart failure only in advanced disease. The main symptom of CTEPH is exertional breathlessness (shortness of breath during exertion such as exercise), which is unspecific and may often be attributed to other, more common, diseases by physicians. When present, the clinical symptoms of CTEPH may resemble those of acute PE, or of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). Leg oedema (swelling) and haemoptysis (blood in mucus) occur more often in CTEPH, while syncope (fainting) is more common in iPAH.
Pathogenesis
People with CTEPH lack traditional thrombosis risk factors. Current understanding is that CTEPH is a result of “inflammatory thrombosis”: When pro-thrombotic (blood-clot forming) conditions combine with chronic inflammation and infection, non-resolution of thrombus may ensue. Risk factors for CTEPH include splenectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic thyroid hormone replacement, blood types other than 0, malignancy, infected ventriculo-atrial shunt and permanent intravenous leads.
Diagnosis
Example of a side-selective pulmonary artery angiogram (A and B right pulmonary artery, C and D left pulmonary artery) in digital subtraction technique of a patient with CTEPH. Panels A and C represent anterior-posterior projections, panels B and D represent lateral projections.
Early diagnosis still remains a challenge in CTEPH, with a median time of 14 months between symptom onset and diagnosis in expert centres. A suspicion of PH is often raised by echocardiography, but an invasive right heart catheterisation is required to confirm it. Once PH is diagnosed, the presence of thromboembolic disease requires imaging. The recommended diagnostic algorithm stresses the importance of initial investigation using an echocardiogram and V/Q scan and confirmation with right heart catheter and pulmonary angiography (PA).
Both V/Q scanning and modern multidetector CT angiography (CTPA) may be accurate methods for the detection of CTEPH, with excellent diagnostic efficacy in expert hands (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 93.7%, and 96.5% for V/Q and 96.1%, 95.2%, and 95.6% for CTPA). CTPA alone cannot exclude the disease, but may help identify pulmonary artery distension resulting in left main coronary artery compression, pulmonary parenchymal lesions (e.g. as complications from previous pulmonary infarctions), and bleeding from bronchial collateral arteries. Today, the gold standard imaging remains invasive pulmonary angiography (PAG) using native angiograms or a digital subtraction technique.
Treatment
Decision making for patients with CTEPH can be complex and needs to be managed by CTEPH teams in expert centres. CTEPH teams comprise cardiologists and pulmonologists with specialist PH training, radiologists, experienced PEA surgeons with a significant caseload of CTEPH patients per year and physicians with percutaneous interventional expertise. Currently, there are three recognised targeted treatment options available including the standard treatment of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and pulmonary vasodilator drug treatment may be considered for those people that are not suitable for surgery.
Specialist imaging using either magnetic resonance or invasive PA is necessary to determine risks and benefits of interventional treatment with PEA or BPA.
Medical therapy
Standard medical treatment consists of anticoagulants (blood thinners), diuretics, and oxygen. Lifelong anticoagulation is recommended, even after PEA. Routine inferior vena cava filter placement is not recommended.
In patients with non-operable CTEPH or persistent/recurrent PH after PEA, there is evidence for benefit from pulmonary vasodilator drug treatment. The microvascular disease component in CTEPH has provided the rationale for off-label use of drugs approved for PAH. Currently, only riociguat (a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase) is approved for treatment of adults with inoperable CTEPH or persistent or recurrent CTEPH after surgical treatment. Other drug trials are ongoing in patients with inoperable CTEPH, with macitentan recently proving efficacy and safety in MERIT
Pulmonary endarterectomy
Typical specimen harvested during the surgical procedure of pulmonary endarterectomy in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the gold standard treatment for suitable CTEPH patients. Operability of patients with CTEPH is determined by multiple factors among which surgical accessibility of thrombi and the patient-determined risk-benefit ratio are most important. There is no haemodynamic (e.g., considering pulmonary pressure) or age threshold that should exclude patients from surgery, and concomitant cardiac procedures can be included if necessary. About 60% of patients are classified as operable across Europe and Canada.
In contrast to surgical embolectomy for acute PE, treatment of CTEPH necessitates a true bilateral endarterectomy (removal of blockage from the blood vessels) through the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries, which is performed under deep hypothermia (lowering of body temperature) and circulatory arrest (temporary stoppage of blood flow), which is not complicated by cognitive dysfunction. The majority of patients experience substantial relief from symptoms and improvement in haemodynamics after PEA. In Europe, in-hospital mortality during PEA is currently 4.7% or lower in high volume single centres.
Up to 35% of patients may have persistent/recurrent CTEPH following surgery. The definition of post-PEA PH is still not clear, but some data suggest that 500–590 dynes·s·cm−5 may represent a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) threshold for poor long-term outcome. Recent data from National UK PEA cohort suggests residual PH post PEA only impacts on longer term survival when mPAP is >38 mmHg or PVR >425 dynes·s·cm−5.
Bridging therapy with PAH-targeted drugs, complications and additional procedures during PEA, and residual PH after PEA are associated with worse outcomes. Immediate postoperative PVR is a long-term predictor of prognosis.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty
Although BPA technique is still evolving, it may currently be considered for CTEPH patients who are technically non-operable or carry an unfavourable risk-benefit ratio for PEA. The technique has been refined in Japan and initial reports have confirmed the safety and efficacy of the technique, based on data showing haemodynamic improvement and recovery of right ventricular function. Research is ongoing.
Prognosis
Historically the prognosis for patients with untreated CTEPH was poor, with a 5-year survival of <40% if the mPAP was >40 mmHg at presentation. More contemporary data from the European CTEPH registry have demonstrated a 70% 3-year survival in patients with CTEPH who do not undergo the surgical procedure of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Recent data from an international CTEPH registry demonstrate that mortality in CTEPH is associated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV, increased right atrial pressure, and a history of cancer. Furthermore, comorbidities such as coronary disease, left heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for mortality.
Epidemiology
CTEPH is an orphan disease with an estimated incidence of 5 cases per million, but it is likely that CTEPH is under-diagnosed as symptoms are non-specific. Although a cumulative incidence of CTEPH between 0.1% and 9.1% within the first 2 years after a symptomatic PE has been reported, it is currently unclear whether acute symptomatic PE begets CTEPH. Routine screening for CTEPH after PE is not recommended because a significant number of CTEPH cases develops in the absence of previous acute symptomatic PE. In addition, approximately 25% of patients with CTEPH do not present with a clinical history of acute PE. The median age of patients at diagnosis is 63 years (there is a wide age range, but paediatric cases are rare), and both genders are equally affected.
References
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External links
ClassificationDICD-10: I27.2ICD-10-CM: I27.2DiseasesDB: 10998
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"blockage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_occlusion"},{"link_name":"the pulmonary arterial tree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_arteries"},{"link_name":"pulmonary hypertension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_hypertension"},{"link_name":"deep veins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_veins"},{"link_name":"thromboembolism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis"},{"link_name":"endothelial lining","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-8"},{"link_name":"chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_thromboembolic_disease"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:Galie_2015-6"},{"link_name":"blood thinning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant"},{"link_name":"pulmonary embolism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:Galie_2015-6"},{"link_name":"magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging"}],"text":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term disease caused by a blockage in the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the lungs (the pulmonary arterial tree). These blockages cause increased resistance to flow in the pulmonary arterial tree which in turn leads to rise in pressure in these arteries (pulmonary hypertension). The blockages either result from organised (or hardened) blood clots that usually originate from the deep veins of the lower limbs of the body (thromboembolism) and lodge in the pulmonary arterial tree after passing through the right side of the heart. The blockages may also result from scar tissue that forms at the site where the clot has damaged the endothelial lining of the pulmonary arteries, causing permanent fibrous obstruction (blood flow blockage).[8] Most patients have a combination of microvascular (small vessel) and macrovascular (large vessel) obstruction. Some patients may present with normal or near-normal pulmonary pressures at rest despite symptomatic disease. These patients are labelled as having chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED).[6]Diagnosis is made after at least three months of effective blood thinning to discern this condition from subacute pulmonary embolism. Diagnostic findings for CTEPH are:[6]Invasively (i.e., in the blood) measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg;\nMismatched perfusion defects on lung ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan and specific diagnostic signs for CTEPH seen by multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or conventional pulmonary cineangiography (PAG), such as ring-like stenoses, webs/slits, chronic total occlusions (pouch lesions, or tapered lesions) and tortuous lesions.","title":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"right heart failure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure#Right-sided_failure"},{"link_name":"idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_hypertension#Causes"},{"link_name":"oedema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edema"},{"link_name":"haemoptysis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysis"},{"link_name":"syncope","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lang_2013-5"}],"text":"Clinical symptoms and signs are often non-specific or absent in early CTEPH, with signs of right heart failure only in advanced disease. The main symptom of CTEPH is exertional breathlessness (shortness of breath during exertion such as exercise), which is unspecific and may often be attributed to other, more common, diseases by physicians. When present, the clinical symptoms of CTEPH may resemble those of acute PE, or of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). Leg oedema (swelling) and haemoptysis (blood in mucus) occur more often in CTEPH, while syncope (fainting) is more common in iPAH.[5]","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pepke-Zaba_2011-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonderman_2005-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonderman_2009-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonderman_2009b-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lang_2013-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lang_2013-5"},{"link_name":"splenectomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenectomy"},{"link_name":"inflammatory bowel disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease"},{"link_name":"blood types","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_types"},{"link_name":"malignancy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignancy"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bonderman_2009b-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lang_2013-5"}],"text":"People with CTEPH lack traditional thrombosis risk factors.[1][2][3][4][5] Current understanding is that CTEPH is a result of “inflammatory thrombosis”:[5] When pro-thrombotic (blood-clot forming) conditions combine with chronic inflammation and infection, non-resolution of thrombus may ensue. Risk factors for CTEPH include splenectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic thyroid hormone replacement, blood types other than 0, malignancy, infected ventriculo-atrial shunt and permanent intravenous leads.[4][5]","title":"Pathogenesis"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CTEPH_pulmonary_artery_angiogram_(PA_angiogram).tif"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pepke-Zaba_2013-7"},{"link_name":"echocardiography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echocardiography"},{"link_name":"right heart catheterisation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_catheterization"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:Galie_2015-6"},{"link_name":"V/Q scan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilation/perfusion_scan"},{"link_name":"pulmonary angiography (PA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_angiography"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-8"},{"link_name":"CT angiography (CTPA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT_pulmonary_angiogram"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"digital subtraction technique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subtraction_angiography"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Example of a side-selective pulmonary artery angiogram (A and B right pulmonary artery, C and D left pulmonary artery) in digital subtraction technique of a patient with CTEPH. Panels A and C represent anterior-posterior projections, panels B and D represent lateral projections.Early diagnosis still remains a challenge in CTEPH, with a median time of 14 months between symptom onset and diagnosis in expert centres.[7] A suspicion of PH is often raised by echocardiography, but an invasive right heart catheterisation is required to confirm it.[6] Once PH is diagnosed, the presence of thromboembolic disease requires imaging. The recommended diagnostic algorithm stresses the importance of initial investigation using an echocardiogram and V/Q scan and confirmation with right heart catheter and pulmonary angiography (PA).[8]Both V/Q scanning and modern multidetector CT angiography (CTPA) may be accurate methods for the detection of CTEPH, with excellent diagnostic efficacy in expert hands (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 93.7%, and 96.5% for V/Q and 96.1%, 95.2%, and 95.6% for CTPA).[9] CTPA alone cannot exclude the disease, but may help identify pulmonary artery distension resulting in left main coronary artery compression, pulmonary parenchymal lesions (e.g. as complications from previous pulmonary infarctions), and bleeding from bronchial collateral arteries.[10] Today, the gold standard imaging remains invasive pulmonary angiography (PAG) using native angiograms or a digital subtraction technique.[citation needed]","title":"Diagnosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_thromboendarterectomy"},{"link_name":"Balloon pulmonary angioplasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloon_pulmonary_angioplasty"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brenot2017-11"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-8"}],"text":"Decision making for patients with CTEPH can be complex and needs to be managed by CTEPH teams in expert centres. CTEPH teams comprise cardiologists and pulmonologists with specialist PH training, radiologists, experienced PEA surgeons with a significant caseload of CTEPH patients per year and physicians with percutaneous interventional expertise. Currently, there are three recognised targeted treatment options available including the standard treatment of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and pulmonary vasodilator drug treatment may be considered for those people that are not suitable for surgery.[11]Specialist imaging using either magnetic resonance or invasive PA is necessary to determine risks and benefits of interventional treatment with PEA or BPA.[8]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"anticoagulants (blood thinners)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant"},{"link_name":"diuretics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic"},{"link_name":"oxygen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_therapy"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:Galie_2015-6"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-12"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pepke-Zaba_2011-1"},{"link_name":"riociguat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riociguat"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Medical therapy","text":"Standard medical treatment consists of anticoagulants (blood thinners), diuretics, and oxygen. Lifelong anticoagulation is recommended, even after PEA. Routine inferior vena cava filter placement is not recommended.[6]In patients with non-operable CTEPH or persistent/recurrent PH after PEA, there is evidence for benefit from pulmonary vasodilator drug treatment.[12] The microvascular disease component in CTEPH has provided the rationale for off-label use of drugs approved for PAH.[1] Currently, only riociguat (a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase) is approved for treatment of adults with inoperable CTEPH or persistent or recurrent CTEPH after surgical treatment.[13] Other drug trials are ongoing in patients with inoperable CTEPH, with macitentan recently proving efficacy and safety in MERIT[14]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PEA_specimen.tif"},{"link_name":"pulmonary endarterectomy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_thromboendarterectomy"},{"link_name":"Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_thromboendarterectomy"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-15"},{"link_name":"hypothermia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-16"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:5-16"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:6-18"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:7-12"},{"link_name":"pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_resistance"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:8-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:8-20"}],"sub_title":"Pulmonary endarterectomy","text":"Typical specimen harvested during the surgical procedure of pulmonary endarterectomy in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the gold standard treatment for suitable CTEPH patients. Operability of patients with CTEPH is determined by multiple factors among which surgical accessibility of thrombi and the patient-determined risk-benefit ratio are most important. There is no haemodynamic (e.g., considering pulmonary pressure) or age threshold that should exclude patients from surgery, and concomitant cardiac procedures can be included if necessary. About 60% of patients are classified as operable across Europe and Canada.[15]In contrast to surgical embolectomy for acute PE, treatment of CTEPH necessitates a true bilateral endarterectomy (removal of blockage from the blood vessels) through the medial layer of the pulmonary arteries, which is performed under deep hypothermia (lowering of body temperature) and circulatory arrest (temporary stoppage of blood flow),[16] which is not complicated by cognitive dysfunction.[17] The majority of patients experience substantial relief from symptoms and improvement in haemodynamics after PEA.[16][18][19] In Europe, in-hospital mortality during PEA is currently 4.7% or lower in high volume single centres.[16][18]Up to 35% of patients may have persistent/recurrent CTEPH following surgery.[12] The definition of post-PEA PH is still not clear, but some data suggest that 500–590 dynes·s·cm−5 may represent a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) threshold for poor long-term outcome.[20][21] Recent data from National UK PEA cohort suggests residual PH post PEA only impacts on longer term survival when mPAP is >38 mmHg or PVR >425 dynes·s·cm−5.[22]Bridging therapy with PAH-targeted drugs, complications and additional procedures during PEA, and residual PH after PEA are associated with worse outcomes. Immediate postoperative PVR is a long-term predictor of prognosis.[20]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:Galie_2015-6"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brenot2017-11"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"sub_title":"Balloon pulmonary angioplasty","text":"Although BPA technique is still evolving, it may currently be considered for CTEPH patients who are technically non-operable or carry an unfavourable risk-benefit ratio for PEA.[6] The technique has been refined in Japan[23] and initial reports have confirmed the safety and efficacy of the technique, based on data showing haemodynamic improvement and recovery of right ventricular function.[24] Research is ongoing.[11][25]","title":"Treatment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"link_name":"pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_thromboendarterectomy"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-15"},{"link_name":"New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Heart_Association_Functional_Classification"},{"link_name":"left heart failure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure#Left-sided_failure"},{"link_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:4-15"}],"text":"Historically the prognosis for patients with untreated CTEPH was poor, with a 5-year survival of <40% if the mPAP was >40 mmHg at presentation.[26] More contemporary data from the European CTEPH registry have demonstrated a 70% 3-year survival in patients with CTEPH who do not undergo the surgical procedure of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA).[15] Recent data from an international CTEPH registry demonstrate that mortality in CTEPH is associated with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV, increased right atrial pressure, and a history of cancer. Furthermore, comorbidities such as coronary disease, left heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for mortality.[15]","title":"Prognosis"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"orphan disease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_disease"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pepke-Zaba_2013-7"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:Galie_2015-6"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pepke-Zaba_2011-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pepke-Zaba_2011-1"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"text":"CTEPH is an orphan disease with an estimated incidence of 5 cases per million,[7] but it is likely that CTEPH is under-diagnosed as symptoms are non-specific. Although a cumulative incidence of CTEPH between 0.1% and 9.1% within the first 2 years after a symptomatic PE has been reported,[27] it is currently unclear whether acute symptomatic PE begets CTEPH. Routine screening for CTEPH after PE is not recommended because a significant number of CTEPH cases develops in the absence of previous acute symptomatic PE.[6] In addition, approximately 25% of patients with CTEPH do not present with a clinical history of acute PE.[1] The median age of patients at diagnosis is 63 years (there is a wide age range, but paediatric cases are rare), and both genders are equally affected.[1][28][29]","title":"Epidemiology"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Example of a side-selective pulmonary artery angiogram (A and B right pulmonary artery, C and D left pulmonary artery) in digital subtraction technique of a patient with CTEPH. Panels A and C represent anterior-posterior projections, panels B and D represent lateral projections. ","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CTEPH_pulmonary_artery_angiogram_%28PA_angiogram%29.tif/lossless-page1-220px-CTEPH_pulmonary_artery_angiogram_%28PA_angiogram%29.tif.png"},{"image_text":"Typical specimen harvested during the surgical procedure of pulmonary endarterectomy in a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/PEA_specimen.tif/lossy-page1-220px-PEA_specimen.tif.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Pepke-Zaba, Joanna; Delcroix, Marion; Lang, Irene; Mayer, Eckhard; Jansa, Pavel; Ambroz, David; Treacy, Carmen; D'Armini, Andrea M.; Morsolini, Marco (2011-11-01). \"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH): results from an international prospective registry\". Circulation. 124 (18): 1973–1981. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.015008. ISSN 1524-4539. PMID 21969018.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.110.015008","url_text":"\"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH): results from an international prospective registry\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.110.015008","url_text":"10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.015008"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1524-4539","url_text":"1524-4539"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21969018","url_text":"21969018"}]},{"reference":"Bonderman, Diana; Jakowitsch, Johannes; Adlbrecht, Christopher; Schemper, Michael; Kyrle, Paul A.; Schönauer, Verena; Exner, Markus; Klepetko, Walter; Kneussl, Meinhard P. (March 2005). \"Medical conditions increasing the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 93 (3): 512–516. doi:10.1160/TH04-10-0657. ISSN 0340-6245. PMID 15735803. S2CID 21467287.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1160%2FTH04-10-0657","url_text":"10.1160/TH04-10-0657"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0340-6245","url_text":"0340-6245"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15735803","url_text":"15735803"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21467287","url_text":"21467287"}]},{"reference":"Bonderman, Diana; Skoro-Sajer, Nika; Jakowitsch, Johannes; Adlbrecht, Christopher; Dunkler, Daniela; Taghavi, Sharokh; Klepetko, Walter; Kneussl, Meinhard; Lang, Irene M. (2007-04-24). \"Predictors of outcome in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\". Circulation. 115 (16): 2153–2158. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.661041. ISSN 1524-4539. PMID 17420352.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.106.661041","url_text":"\"Predictors of outcome in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.106.661041","url_text":"10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.661041"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1524-4539","url_text":"1524-4539"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17420352","url_text":"17420352"}]},{"reference":"Bonderman, D.; Wilkens, H.; Wakounig, S.; Schäfers, H.-J.; Jansa, P.; Lindner, J.; Simkova, I.; Martischnig, A. M.; Dudczak, J. (February 2009). \"Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\". The European Respiratory Journal. 33 (2): 325–331. doi:10.1183/09031936.00087608. ISSN 1399-3003. PMID 18799507.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1183%2F09031936.00087608","url_text":"\"Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1183%2F09031936.00087608","url_text":"10.1183/09031936.00087608"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1399-3003","url_text":"1399-3003"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18799507","url_text":"18799507"}]},{"reference":"Lang, Irene M.; Simonneau, Gérald; Pepke-Zaba, Joanna W.; Mayer, Eckhard; Ambrož, David; Blanco, Isabel; Torbicki, Adam; Mellemkjaer, Sören; Yaici, Azzedine (July 2013). \"Factors associated with diagnosis and operability of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. A case-control study\". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 110 (1): 83–91. doi:10.1160/TH13-02-0097. ISSN 0340-6245. PMID 23677493. S2CID 36628315.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1160%2FTH13-02-0097","url_text":"10.1160/TH13-02-0097"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0340-6245","url_text":"0340-6245"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23677493","url_text":"23677493"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36628315","url_text":"36628315"}]},{"reference":"Galiè, Nazzareno; Humbert, Marc; Vachiery, Jean-Luc; Gibbs, Simon; Lang, Irene; Torbicki, Adam; Simonneau, Gérald; Peacock, Andrew; Vonk Noordegraaf, Anton (2016-01-01). \"2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)\". European Heart Journal. 37 (1): 67–119. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317. ISSN 1522-9645. PMID 26320113.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feurheartj%2Fehv317","url_text":"\"2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feurheartj%2Fehv317","url_text":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1522-9645","url_text":"1522-9645"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26320113","url_text":"26320113"}]},{"reference":"Pepke-Zaba, Joanna; Jansa, Pavel; Kim, Nick H.; Naeije, Robert; Simonneau, Gerald (April 2013). \"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: role of medical therapy\". 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PMID 27443139.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ccl.2016.04.011","url_text":"10.1016/j.ccl.2016.04.011"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1558-2264","url_text":"1558-2264"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27443139","url_text":"27443139"}]},{"reference":"He, Jia; Fang, Wei; Lv, Bin; He, Jian-Guo; Xiong, Chang-Ming; Liu, Zhi-Hong; He, Zuo-Xiang (May 2012). \"Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: comparison of ventilation/perfusion scanning and multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography with pulmonary angiography\". Nuclear Medicine Communications. 33 (5): 459–463. doi:10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835085d9. ISSN 1473-5628. PMID 22262242. S2CID 22353466.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMNM.0b013e32835085d9","url_text":"10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835085d9"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1473-5628","url_text":"1473-5628"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22262242","url_text":"22262242"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22353466","url_text":"22353466"}]},{"reference":"Tunariu, Nina; Gibbs, Simon J. R.; Win, Zarni; Gin-Sing, Wendy; Graham, Alison; Gishen, Philip; Al-Nahhas, Adil (May 2007). \"Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension\". Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 48 (5): 680–684. doi:10.2967/jnumed.106.039438. ISSN 0161-5505. PMID 17475953.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2967%2Fjnumed.106.039438","url_text":"\"Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2967%2Fjnumed.106.039438","url_text":"10.2967/jnumed.106.039438"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0161-5505","url_text":"0161-5505"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17475953","url_text":"17475953"}]},{"reference":"Brenot, Philippe; Mayer, Eckhard; Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir; Kurzyna, Marcin; Matsubara, Hiromi; Ogo, Takeshi; Meyer, Bernhard C.; Lang, Irene (31 March 2017). \"Balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\". European Respiratory Review. 26 (143): 160119. doi:10.1183/16000617.0119-2016. ISSN 1600-0617. PMC 9489135. PMID 28356406.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489135","url_text":"\"Balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Respiratory_Review&action=edit&redlink=1","url_text":"European Respiratory Review"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1183%2F16000617.0119-2016","url_text":"10.1183/16000617.0119-2016"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1600-0617","url_text":"1600-0617"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9489135","url_text":"9489135"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28356406","url_text":"28356406"}]},{"reference":"Hoeper, Marius M. (June 2015). \"Pharmacological therapy for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\". European Respiratory Review. 24 (136): 272–282. doi:10.1183/16000617.00001015. ISSN 1600-0617. PMC 9487825. PMID 26028639.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9487825","url_text":"\"Pharmacological therapy for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1183%2F16000617.00001015","url_text":"10.1183/16000617.00001015"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1600-0617","url_text":"1600-0617"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9487825","url_text":"9487825"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26028639","url_text":"26028639"}]},{"reference":"Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir; D'Armini, Andrea M.; Grimminger, Friedrich; Hoeper, Marius M.; Jansa, Pavel; Kim, Nick H.; Mayer, Eckhard; Simonneau, Gerald; Wilkins, Martin R. 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil_Bush
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Lil' Bush
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["1 Premise","2 Production","3 Characters","3.1 Main characters","3.2 Lil' Democrats","4 Episodes","4.1 Season 1 (2007-08)","4.2 Season 2 (2008)","5 Critical response","6 Home releases","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
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American TV series or program
Lil' BushCreated byDonick CaryVoices ofChris ParsonDave B. MitchellMara CaryDonick CaryAnn VillellaIggy PopKari WahlgrenCountry of originUnited States BulgariaNo. of seasons2No. of episodes17 (1 unaired)ProductionRunning time22 minutesProduction companiesSugar Shack 2000 (season 1)Amp'd Mobile (season 1)Sugarlab Digital Studios (season 2)Sugarshack AnimationOriginal releaseNetworkComedy CentralReleaseJune 13, 2007 (2007-06-13) –May 15, 2008 (2008-05-15)
Lil' Bush is a satirical adult animated sitcom which premiered on June 13, 2007, on Comedy Central. The series features caricatures of members of the George W. Bush administration, and other American and international political figures, most of which are depicted as children.
The first season's episodes each consist of two story segments, with each featuring a musical performance by a band composed of main characters. The second season, which premiered on March 13, 2008, consists of ten episodes, and features the full twenty-two-minute storylines including the musical number. The second-season finale aired on May 15, 2008.
Premise
Lil' Bush takes place in an alternate reality version of the present day, where George H. W. Bush is president and George W. Bush (referred to as "Lil' George"), along with his associates (members of George W. Bush's real-life former staff), are children attending Beltway Elementary School. Issues in which the latter Bush administration is involved (for example, the Iraq War) are transferred to the elder Bush but feature the younger Bush interacting with them in various ways.
Also, just as George Bush's father is president, the parents of the other kids are members of the elder Bush's cabinet (all depicted as their real-life adult counterparts, with the exception of the elder Cheney, who is depicted as Cheney with a Darth Vader helmet). The show pokes fun at George W. Bush's policies in an direct manner and provides criticism of his administration.
Production
In 2004, Donick Cary created Lil' Bush for Amp'd Mobile cell phones. The series was then picked up by Comedy Central and became one of the first web series to be adapted to television. To handle animation for the series, Cary founded Sugarshack Animation with offices in Los Angeles, Miami, and Sofia, Bulgaria, the show was animated using traditional animation in Adobe Flash.
Characters
Main characters
Lil' George (George W. Bush), voiced by Chris Parson; the leader of the gang, he often makes choices without thinking about the consequences and is seldom corrected by his friends. Like the real George W. Bush, he enjoys giving people various nicknames. He has a crush on the series' caricature Laura Bush, refers to her as a "chubby nerd". Additionally, though the show is entitled Lil Bush, the character himself is always referred to by the other characters (and in the scripts) as Lil' George.
George Sr. (George H. W. Bush), voiced by Dave B. Mitchell; the President of the United States who acts as somewhat of a straight man to Lil' George. He is shown to be extremely weak physically, and possessing a deep love for Saltine crackers. He and Barbara are also swingers and although he loves his wife, he has a specific time scheduled at work for "old people sex" with his secretary. He is also seen to be allergic to people who look Asian as seen in the 'Hall Monitor' episode (a reference to when Bush threw up onto the lap of Japan's Prime Minister).
Barbara Bush, voiced by Mara Cary; the sexually frustrated wife of the President, so much so that she once resorts to having a tryst with Lil' Cheney. She has also admitted to having an affair with Michael Dukakis. She was confused with a polar bear in "Gay Friend". According to George Sr., Barbara Bush was a "Frankenstein of presidential parts" added with woman parts that he brought to life, giving her the head of George Washington.
Jeb Bush, voiced by Dave B. Mitchell; the indestructible but mentally undeveloped brother to Lil' George. His family shows a general apathy towards his well-being. This could possibly be because he is able to withstand things that would kill an ordinary person, and sometimes benefits from them. In one episode, Jeb withstands a nuclear blast, and in another, climbs onto a missile about to be fired, but appears completely unharmed. When Jeb is hit in the head with a frying pan, he speaks normally (then voiced by Colin Meloy) and openly criticizes his father's governmental decisions. Jeb is treated like a pet, as he is taken for walks, given flea dips, and eats from a bowl with his name on it (often next to the actual family dog Barney).
Lil' Cheney (Dick Cheney), voiced by Donick Cary; a friend of Lil' George, he growls incoherently rather than speaking, with the occasional interjection of a contextually relevant word or phrase, (saying "reh-reh-REH-massive heart attack-reh-reh-REH," for instance); the rest of the characters appear to understand him. He has deranged and violent tendencies, such as consuming raw—sometimes living—meat and blood.
Lil' Condi (Condoleezza Rice), voiced by Ann Villella in Season 1 and Kari Wahlgren in Season 2 , acts as the voice of reason for her friends, though they routinely ignore her sensible advice. She has a crush on Lil' George, and attempts to woo him in various ways throughout the series, such as doing his homework for him and gaining an abundance of weight.
Lil' Rummy (Donald Rumsfeld), voiced by Iggy Pop; seems to be the only remotely intelligent character on the show aside from Lil' Condi. He also displays a sadistic side, possibly resulting from the fact that he is abused by his father. He is sometimes used as a scapegoat, such as when George Sr. says one way to cover up a scandal is to blame it on Lil' Rummy.
Lil' Democrats
The series antagonists (also called Lil' Dems).
Lil' Hillary (Hillary Clinton): voiced by Kari Wahlgren (in season 2) ; girlfriend of Lil' Bill, she works at an abortion clinic after school "just for fun" and is also suggested to be bisexual after kissing Lil' Condi.
Lil' Barack Obama: voiced by Tim Meadows; shown laughing at Lil' George, he is "nuked" by Lil' George when he is seen sneaking a cigarette outside of the White House. He also leads Lil' George's friends after Lil' Bush abandons them for Lil' Tony Blair. He attempts to enlist their help in building a "Home for Humanity" for a single mother, but the gang burns it down (assuming that the plan was to commit insurance fraud or turn it into a dungeon and force single mothers to fight to the death) and use the money to buy themselves scooters. He frequently says "Yes we can" to answer questions.
Lil' Al Gore: voiced by Chris Parson; always encouraging others to be eco-friendly and shown with an extremely eco-friendly house with many inventions created by Lil' Al himself (including a time machine, and an interconnected series of ropes which create a net that "catches dreams", he calls the "internet"). Lil' Bush constantly ridicules him for being slightly overweight (to make everyone else think so) despite the fact that Lil' George is shown to have more bodyweight than Lil' Al.
Lil' Nancy Pelosi: shown sewing a flag with rainbow-colored stripes, she is also "nuked" by Lil' George. Voiced by production assistant Martha Cary, who is the show creator's half-sister.
Lil' John Kerry: voiced by Chris Parson, Lil' Kerry's voice bores Lil' Bush and the gang. He loves ketchup, and says that someday he might marry it, in reference to his real-world marriage to condiment heiress Teresa Heinz Kerry.
Lil' John Edwards: apparently obsessed with hair in reference to Edwards' $400 haircuts.
Lil' Bill (Bill Clinton): voiced by Chris Parson; constantly cheats on Lil' Hillary.
Tiny Kucinich: who wants to someday fly with doves. Sometimes has to be handled like an infant. Voiced by Jason Nash, who does a variety of other voices for the show.
Episodes
SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired17June 13, 2007 (2007-06-13)March 11, 2008 (2008-03-11)210March 13, 2008 (2008-03-13)May 15, 2008 (2008-05-15)
Season 1 (2007-08)
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air dateProd.code11"Iraq / First Kiss"June 13, 2007 (2007-06-13)102
Lil' Bush and the Gang go to Iraq to find the perfect Father's Day gift; the Gang bets to see who can kiss a girl first. The gang is shown as Guns N' Roses in a musical number.
22"Nuked / Camp"June 20, 2007 (2007-06-20)101
Lil' Bush learns to stand up to a bully named Lil' Kim Jong-II by bombing, among other things, his residence; Lil' Bush and the Gang go to summer camp and discover a sleeper cell. The Lil' Bush Band is shown as the Sex Pistols, and later as Kiss in this episode.
33"Gay Friend / Mexican"June 27, 2007 (2007-06-27)103
Lil' Bush meets Lil' Tony Blair, and the two become close friends and cheerleaders for the school's football team, while the Gang begins to blindly follow Lil' Barack Obama in Lil' George's place; Under his father's threat of canceling Martin Luther King day, Lil' Bush and the Gang find an alternate way to complete their chores, with the help of illegal immigrant workers. The gang parodies WHAM! and Toni Basil in their musical numbers.
44"Global Warming / Hall Monitor"July 11, 2007 (2007-07-11)104
The gang try to thwart Lil' Al's Lil' Live Earth concert, featuring the Lil' Foo Fighters and Lil' Red Hot Chili Peppers to secure the earth's future as a completely flooded uninhabitable wasteland that the gang sees as an "awesome water park"; Lil' Bush competes with Lil' John McCain for the position of Hall Monitor by exploiting the school's fear of hippies. The band ends up parodying the Red Hot Chili Peppers (wearing only socks during their performance) in the first short, and in the second short, they parody the Grateful Dead.
55"Evolution / Press Corps Dinner"July 18, 2007 (2007-07-18)105
Lil' Cheney goes to hell after perishing of a heart attack, where he proves himself more evil than Satan, and Lil' Bush becomes a born again Christian and denounces evolution; Lil' Bush is the headliner at his father's Press Corps Dinner when he discovers he has a knack for comedy. The Lil' Bush band parodies several rap artists, including Eminem and 50 Cent, in an anti-evolution video.
66"Haunted House / Hot Dog"July 25, 2007 (2007-07-25)106
Lil' Bush and the gang spend the night up in the haunted White House attic, and are visited by the ghosts of the Founding Fathers which turn out to be the Lil' Democrats in disguise (except for the real ghost of George Washington in search for his head)-- this short parodies the chase scenes and imagery of Scooby-Doo; Lil' Bush and the Gang meet Lil' Michael Moore, who attempts to expose their torture of the school cafeteria workers in an attempt to bring back the American institution of hot dogs when the school decides to be in favor of a more multi-cultural menu (based on the Abu Ghraib torture photos). The "Hot Dog" episode also features Jeb with a short-lived but greatly improved intelligence as a result of a frying pan blow to his head.
77"Walter Reed"March 11, 2008 (2008-03-11)107
Lil' Bush and his gang put on a concert at the nearby Walter Reed veteran's hospital, which accidentally brings media attention to the atrocious conditions there. As punishment, he and the gang must raise money for repairs, which the eventually spend on themselves. Featuring Henry Rollins as the voice of an injured veteran that Lil' Bush nicknames "Halfsy".
Note: This 11-minute storyline was produced but never aired as a backup episode. The network was worried that the story of show 105, featuring Lil' Dick Cheney dying of a heart attack, would be insensitive to air if the real Dick Cheney had a heart attack. It appears on the Lil' Bush Season One DVD, along with an introduction from show creator Donick Cary and writer Opus Moreschi.
Season 2 (2008)
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air dateProd.code81"St. Patrick's Day"March 13, 2008 (2008-03-13)201
The Lil' Gang doesn't want the Lil' Dems to ruin St. Patrick's Day with their liberal and tolerant St. Patrick's Day float. They enlist the help of Lil' Karl Rove (voiced by Kevin Federline), who gives them advice and does some bad rapping as his alter-ego, MC Rove. Meanwhile, first lady Barbara gets a tanning bed and inadvertently cooks her liver.
92"Big Pharma"March 20, 2008 (2008-03-20)203
When Beltway Elementary's book fair is taken over by a drug company, it becomes a drug fair, and all the Lil' Cronies get hooked on meds. In order to kick their addiction, they face off against the big pharmaceutical company's charismatic CEO (voiced by The Grateful Dead's Phil Lesh). Meanwhile, George Sr. attempts to appear more manly for the state of the union by taking beard-growth pills. Unfortunately, the side effects involve a prolonged and prominent boner.
103"Crony Break-up"March 27, 2008 (2008-03-27)202
After a big fight, the Lil' Gang break up. Each of them finds comfort in new friends: Lil' Mitt Romney, Lil' Rudy Giuliani, Lil' Fred Thompson and Tiny Dennis Kucinich. When the new friendships turn disastrous, the Lil' Cronies put their differences aside in a heartwarming, vomit-filled reunion. Meanwhile, Jeb Bush inadvertently invents a new diet craze called "The Pudding Hole" which involves leaving a hole in your stomach so food can pour out.
114"Katrina"April 3, 2008 (2008-04-03)204
George Sr. and Barbara punish the Lil' Gang for destroying the White House by sending them to New Orleans to help with the rebuilding effort after Hurricane Katrina. They end up creating a surprise Mardi Gras float (out of a tank that was supposed to be a FEMA trailer and money that was being kept from the residents) trying to cheer up the residents. They instead crash into one of the levees and flood the city. Meanwhile George Sr. and Barbara cannot pay of the mortgages for the White House and look to sell it, with many of the Lil' Politicians looking to buy it. They eventually pay it off with all the money on the Mardi Gras float.
125"Three Dates"April 10, 2008 (2008-04-10)205
With the school dance coming up, Lil' George doesn't know whom to take. His brain advises him to be cautious, but George plows ahead and ends up inviting three dates. Once they get to the dance (featuring Good Charlotte as Good Charlotte cover band "Good Charlotter") George has to silence his brain once and for all. George Sr. is dealing with an annoying houseguest, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, who parties like a frat guy and lords his oil over the president.
136"Weekend at Saddamy's"April 17, 2008 (2008-04-17)206
It's spring break, and Lil' George and the gang join George Sr. on a camping trip to Baghdad. Lil' George tries to impress his father and fix Iraq at the same time by digging up Saddam Hussein's body and turning him into a real puppet dictator, a la "Weekend At Bernies." Meanwhile, Lil' Bill Clinton convinces all the Lil' Democrats to spring break on South Padre island. When some of their antics end up on video, "Lil' Dems Gone Wild" becomes a top-selling DVD.
147"Afghanistan"April 24, 2008 (2008-04-24)207
When Osama bin Laden is diagnosed with a weak heart, he finds the only perfect match for a donor is Lil' Cheney. Al Qaeda kidnaps Lil' Cheney, forcing Lil' George and the gang to smoke him out of his hole in Afghanistan. Meanwhile, Barbara gets her groove back in Jamaica.
158"Wedding"May 1, 2008 (2008-05-01)208
When Lil' Bill Clinton invites Lil' George to his "Rainbow Party," Barbara and George realize he's growing up too fast. They decide the best way to preserve George's innocence is in a "purity wedding" in which he marries Barbara. When Lil' George decides his own father's a better match, they are forced to have a gay wedding, sending Barbara into the arms of super-smooth man-about-town Colin Powell.
169"Pooty-Poot"May 8, 2008 (2008-05-08)209
When Lil' Vladimir Putin and Lil' George start a schoolyard rivalry, it escalates to Lil' Putin poisoning Lil' George, whose head swells to five times its normal size. After some training from former wrestling champ Barbara Bush, Lil' George faces off against Lil' Putin in a classic playground battle. Meanwhile, Lil' Cheney has been partnered with Lil' Nancy Pelosi, and given a watermelon to care for as their child. When it becomes apparent that their watermelon is a lesbian, Lil' Cheney has some hard choices to make.
1710"Anthem / China"May 15, 2008 (2008-05-15)210
The first story pits the Lil' Gang against the Lil' Dems in a battle of the bands for who can write the best new national anthem. Featuring a secret super-surprise awesome musical guest star. In the second, the Lil' Gang faces off against China, where they must win the Olympics to save America from being recalled by the Chinese.
Critical response
The show has received negative reviews from critics, with an aggregate metascore of 31/100. A common complaint is that the show comes too late in Bush's presidency to remain topical. Other complaints accuse it of immaturity and lack of subtlety.
Not all the reviews, however, have been negative. Among others, The Hollywood Reporter gave the show a positive review. A review from About.com cited the show's "cleverness and maturity," likening it to "a less bloody South Park". Likewise, in a Netscape review, the show was credited as a political satire which "pinpoints the logical extreme of real life."
Home releases
Season
Number of episodes
Release date
Additional information
Season 1
7
March 11, 2008
The seventh unaired season finale
Season 2
10
October 14, 2008
See also
That's My Bush!
Our Cartoon President
References
^ Breaking News - "LI'L BUSH" SIGNS-ON FOR A SECOND TERM WITH COMEDY CENTRAL | TheFutonCritic.com
^ Li'l Bush: Resident Of The United States. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
^ TELEVISION REVIEW; The President and His Friends, Younger and More Animated. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
^ Li'l Bush episode 2 quoting The New York Times
^ Li'l Bush Review Archived 2007-11-05 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 13th, 2007.
^ Bush: a Cartoon Take on the Prez. Retrieved July 13th, 2007.
External links
Li'l Bush at IMDb
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Everybody Still Hates Chris (TBA)
The New Kings & Queens of Comedy (TBA)
The Ren & Stimpy Show (TBA)
Former1990s debuts
Clash! (1991)
Comedy Central Presents (1998–2011)
Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist (1995–2002)
Exit 57 (1995–96)
Frank Leaves for the Orient (1999)
Make Me Laugh (1997–98)
The Man Show (1999–2004)
Mystery Science Theater 3000 (1991–96)
Night After Night with Allan Havey (1991–92)
Politically Incorrect (1993–96)
Premium Blend (1997–2006)
Pulp Comics (1997–99)
Short Attention Span Theater (1991–94)
Strangers with Candy (1999–2000)
The Unnaturals (1991)
Upright Citizens Brigade (1998–2000)
The Vacant Lot (1994)
Viva Variety (1997–98)
Vs. (1999)
Win Ben Stein's Money (1997–2003)
2000s debuts
American Body Shop (2007)
Atom TV (2008–10)
BattleBots (2000–02)
Beat the Geeks (2001–02)
Blue Collar TV (2004–06)
Chappelle's Show (2003–06)
Chocolate News (2008)
The Colbert Report (2005–14)
The Comedians of Comedy (2005)
Comedy Central Roast (2003–19)
Con (2005)
Contest Searchlight (2002)
Crossballs: The Debate Show (2004)
Distraction (2005–06)
Dog Bites Man (2006)
Don't Forget Your Toothbrush (2000)
Drawn Together (2004–07)
Freak Show (2006)
Futurama (2008–13)
Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust (2003)
The Gong Show with Dave Attell (2008)
The Graham Norton Effect (2004)
Halfway Home (2007)
The Hollow Men (2005)
I'm with Busey (2003)
Important Things with Demetri Martin (2009–10)
Insomniac with Dave Attell (2001–04)
The Jeff Dunham Show (2009)
Kid Notorious (2003)
Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire (2009)
Let's Bowl (2001–02)
Lewis Black's Root of All Evil (2008)
Lil' Bush (2007–08)
Live at Gotham (2006–09)
Michael & Michael Have Issues (2009)
Mind of Mencia (2005–08)
The Naked Trucker and T-Bones Show (2007)
Primetime Glick (2001–03)
Reality Bites Back (2008)
Reno 911! (2003–09)
The Sarah Silverman Program (2007–10)
Secret Girlfriend (2009)
Shorties Watchin' Shorties (2004)
The Showbiz Show with David Spade (2005–07)
Stella (2005)
Straight Plan for the Gay Man (2004)
Strip Mall (2000–01)
That's My Bush! (2001)
Too Late with Adam Carolla (2005)
Tosh.0 (2009–20)
Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn (2003–04)
Travel Sick (2001–02)
Trigger Happy TV (2003)
TV Funhouse (2000–01)
Wanda Does It (2004)
Weekends at the D.L. (2005)
2010s debuts
@midnight with Chris Hardwick (2013–17)
Adam Devine's House Party (2013–16)
Alternatino with Arturo Castro (2019)
Another Period (2015–18)
The Ben Show (2013)
The Benson Interruption (2010)
Big Lake (2010)
Big Time in Hollywood, FL (2015)
Brickleberry (2012–15)
Broad City (2014–19)
Brody Stevens: Enjoy It! (2013–14)
The Burn with Jeff Ross (2012–13)
The Comedy Awards (2011–12)
Comedy Central Stand-Up Presents (2012-19)
Comedy Underground with Dave Attell (2014)
Corporate (2018–20)
Detroiters (2017–18)
Drunk History (2013–19)
Gabriel Iglesias Presents Stand Up Revolution (2011–14)
The Gorburger Show (2017)
The High Court with Doug Benson (2017)
Idiotsitter (2016–17)
Inside Amy Schumer (2013–16)
Jeff & Some Aliens (2017)
The Jeselnik Offensive (2013)
The Jim Jefferies Show (2017–19)
John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show (2010–13)
Jon Benjamin Has a Van (2011)
Key & Peele (2012–15)
Klepper (2019)
Kroll Show (2013–15)
Legends of Chamberlain Heights (2016–17)
Lights Out with David Spade (2019–20)
The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail (2014–16)
Moonbeam City (2015)
Nathan for You (2013–17)
Nick Swardson's Pretend Time (2010–11)
The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore (2015–16)
Not Safe with Nikki Glaser (2016)
Onion SportsDome (2011)
The Opposition with Jordan Klepper (2017–18)
The Other Two (2019)
The President Show (2017)
Problematic with Moshe Kasher (2017)
Review (2014–17)
South Side (2019)
Sports Show with Norm Macdonald (2011)
This Is Not Happening (2015–19)
Time Traveling Bong (2016)
TripTank (2014–16)
Ugly Americans (2010–12)
Why? with Hannibal Buress (2015)
Workaholics (2011–17)
2020s debuts
Fairview (2022)
Hell of a Week with Charlamagne tha God (2021–22)
Robbie (2020)
Tooning Out the News (2022–23)
vteComedy Central animated seriesCurrent
South Park (since 1997)
Digman! (since 2023)
Former
Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist (1995–99, 2002)
TV Funhouse (2000–01)
Kid Notorious (2003)
Shorties Watchin' Shorties (2004)
Drawn Together (2004–07)
Golden Age (2006)
Freak Show (2006)
Lil' Bush (2007–08)
Futurama (2008–13)
Ugly Americans (2010–12)
Brickleberry (2012–15)
TripTank (2014–16)
Moonbeam City (2015)
Legends of Chamberlain Heights (2016–17)
Jeff & Some Aliens (2017)
Fairview (2022)
Tooning Out the News (2022–23)
Upcoming
Everybody Still Hates Chris (TBA)
The Ren & Stimpy Show (TBA)
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"satirical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire"},{"link_name":"adult","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_animation"},{"link_name":"animated sitcom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_sitcom"},{"link_name":"Comedy Central","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central"},{"link_name":"caricatures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caricature"},{"link_name":"George W. Bush administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration"},{"link_name":"American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_politician"},{"link_name":"international political figures","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Politics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"American TV series or programLil' Bush is a satirical adult animated sitcom which premiered on June 13, 2007, on Comedy Central. The series features caricatures of members of the George W. Bush administration, and other American and international political figures, most of which are depicted as children.The first season's episodes each consist of two story segments, with each featuring a musical performance by a band composed of main characters. The second season, which premiered on March 13, 2008, consists of ten episodes, and features the full twenty-two-minute storylines including the musical number.[1] The second-season finale aired on May 15, 2008.","title":"Lil' Bush"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"alternate reality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_universe_(fiction)"},{"link_name":"George H. W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush"},{"link_name":"George W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush"},{"link_name":"Beltway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)"},{"link_name":"Elementary School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_School"},{"link_name":"Bush administration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush"},{"link_name":"Iraq War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War"},{"link_name":"Cheney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney"},{"link_name":"Darth Vader","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darth_Vader"}],"text":"Lil' Bush takes place in an alternate reality version of the present day, where George H. W. Bush is president and George W. Bush (referred to as \"Lil' George\"), along with his associates (members of George W. Bush's real-life former staff), are children attending Beltway Elementary School. Issues in which the latter Bush administration is involved (for example, the Iraq War) are transferred to the elder Bush but feature the younger Bush interacting with them in various ways.Also, just as George Bush's father is president, the parents of the other kids are members of the elder Bush's cabinet (all depicted as their real-life adult counterparts, with the exception of the elder Cheney, who is depicted as Cheney with a Darth Vader helmet). The show pokes fun at George W. Bush's policies in an direct manner and provides criticism of his administration.","title":"Premise"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Donick Cary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donick_Cary"},{"link_name":"Amp'd Mobile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%27d_Mobile"},{"link_name":"cell phones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phones"},{"link_name":"web series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_series"},{"link_name":"Los Angeles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles"},{"link_name":"Miami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami"},{"link_name":"Sofia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia"},{"link_name":"Bulgaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria"},{"link_name":"traditional animation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_animation"},{"link_name":"Adobe Flash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash"}],"text":"In 2004, Donick Cary created Lil' Bush for Amp'd Mobile cell phones. The series was then picked up by Comedy Central and became one of the first web series to be adapted to television. To handle animation for the series, Cary founded Sugarshack Animation with offices in Los Angeles, Miami, and Sofia, Bulgaria, the show was animated using traditional animation in Adobe Flash.","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"George W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush"},{"link_name":"Chris Parson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Parson"},{"link_name":"George W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush"},{"link_name":"Laura Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Bush"},{"link_name":"George H. W. Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush"},{"link_name":"Dave B. Mitchell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_B._Mitchell"},{"link_name":"President of the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"straight man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_act"},{"link_name":"Barbara Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Bush"},{"link_name":"Mara Cary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara_Cary"},{"link_name":"tryst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtship"},{"link_name":"Michael Dukakis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dukakis"},{"link_name":"polar bear","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear"},{"link_name":"George Washington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington"},{"link_name":"Jeb Bush","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeb_Bush"},{"link_name":"Dave B. Mitchell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_B._Mitchell"},{"link_name":"Colin Meloy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Meloy"},{"link_name":"Dick Cheney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney"},{"link_name":"Donick Cary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donick_Cary"},{"link_name":"massive heart attack","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney#Health_problems"},{"link_name":"Condoleezza Rice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice"},{"link_name":"Ann Villella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Villella"},{"link_name":"Kari Wahlgren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Wahlgren"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20100825012701/http://www.kariwahlgren.net/news.html"},{"link_name":"Donald Rumsfeld","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld"},{"link_name":"Iggy Pop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iggy_Pop"}],"sub_title":"Main characters","text":"Lil' George (George W. Bush), voiced by Chris Parson; the leader of the gang, he often makes choices without thinking about the consequences and is seldom corrected by his friends. Like the real George W. Bush, he enjoys giving people various nicknames. He has a crush on the series' caricature Laura Bush, refers to her as a \"chubby nerd\". Additionally, though the show is entitled Lil Bush, the character himself is always referred to by the other characters (and in the scripts) as Lil' George.\nGeorge Sr. (George H. W. Bush), voiced by Dave B. Mitchell; the President of the United States who acts as somewhat of a straight man to Lil' George. He is shown to be extremely weak physically, and possessing a deep love for Saltine crackers. He and Barbara are also swingers and although he loves his wife, he has a specific time scheduled at work for \"old people sex\" with his secretary. He is also seen to be allergic to people who look Asian as seen in the 'Hall Monitor' episode (a reference to when Bush threw up onto the lap of Japan's Prime Minister).\nBarbara Bush, voiced by Mara Cary; the sexually frustrated wife of the President, so much so that she once resorts to having a tryst with Lil' Cheney. She has also admitted to having an affair with Michael Dukakis. She was confused with a polar bear in \"Gay Friend\". According to George Sr., Barbara Bush was a \"Frankenstein of presidential parts\" added with woman parts that he brought to life, giving her the head of George Washington.\nJeb Bush, voiced by Dave B. Mitchell; the indestructible but mentally undeveloped brother to Lil' George. His family shows a general apathy towards his well-being. This could possibly be because he is able to withstand things that would kill an ordinary person, and sometimes benefits from them. In one episode, Jeb withstands a nuclear blast, and in another, climbs onto a missile about to be fired, but appears completely unharmed. When Jeb is hit in the head with a frying pan, he speaks normally (then voiced by Colin Meloy) and openly criticizes his father's governmental decisions. Jeb is treated like a pet, as he is taken for walks, given flea dips, and eats from a bowl with his name on it (often next to the actual family dog Barney).\nLil' Cheney (Dick Cheney), voiced by Donick Cary; a friend of Lil' George, he growls incoherently rather than speaking, with the occasional interjection of a contextually relevant word or phrase, (saying \"reh-reh-REH-massive heart attack-reh-reh-REH,\" for instance); the rest of the characters appear to understand him. He has deranged and violent tendencies, such as consuming raw—sometimes living—meat and blood.\nLil' Condi (Condoleezza Rice), voiced by Ann Villella in Season 1 and Kari Wahlgren in Season 2 [1], acts as the voice of reason for her friends, though they routinely ignore her sensible advice. She has a crush on Lil' George, and attempts to woo him in various ways throughout the series, such as doing his homework for him and gaining an abundance of weight.\nLil' Rummy (Donald Rumsfeld), voiced by Iggy Pop; seems to be the only remotely intelligent character on the show aside from Lil' Condi. He also displays a sadistic side, possibly resulting from the fact that he is abused by his father. He is sometimes used as a scapegoat, such as when George Sr. says one way to cover up a scandal is to blame it on Lil' Rummy.","title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hillary Clinton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton"},{"link_name":"Kari Wahlgren","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Wahlgren"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20100825012701/http://www.kariwahlgren.net/news.html"},{"link_name":"bisexual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexual"},{"link_name":"Barack Obama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama"},{"link_name":"Tim Meadows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Meadows"},{"link_name":"nuked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon"},{"link_name":"Al Gore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore"},{"link_name":"Chris Parson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Parson"},{"link_name":"catches dreams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamcatcher"},{"link_name":"internet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore_controversies"},{"link_name":"Nancy Pelosi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi"},{"link_name":"a flag with rainbow-colored stripes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_pride"},{"link_name":"nuked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapon"},{"link_name":"John Kerry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry"},{"link_name":"Chris Parson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Parson"},{"link_name":"condiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment"},{"link_name":"Teresa Heinz Kerry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_Heinz_Kerry"},{"link_name":"John Edwards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edwards"},{"link_name":"haircuts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haircut"},{"link_name":"Bill Clinton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton"},{"link_name":"Chris Parson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Parson"},{"link_name":"cheats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal"},{"link_name":"Kucinich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich"}],"sub_title":"Lil' Democrats","text":"The series antagonists (also called Lil' Dems).Lil' Hillary (Hillary Clinton): voiced by Kari Wahlgren (in season 2) [2]; girlfriend of Lil' Bill, she works at an abortion clinic after school \"just for fun\" and is also suggested to be bisexual after kissing Lil' Condi.\nLil' Barack Obama: voiced by Tim Meadows; shown laughing at Lil' George, he is \"nuked\" by Lil' George when he is seen sneaking a cigarette outside of the White House. He also leads Lil' George's friends after Lil' Bush abandons them for Lil' Tony Blair. He attempts to enlist their help in building a \"Home for Humanity\" for a single mother, but the gang burns it down (assuming that the plan was to commit insurance fraud or turn it into a dungeon and force single mothers to fight to the death) and use the money to buy themselves scooters. He frequently says \"Yes we can\" to answer questions.\nLil' Al Gore: voiced by Chris Parson; always encouraging others to be eco-friendly and shown with an extremely eco-friendly house with many inventions created by Lil' Al himself (including a time machine, and an interconnected series of ropes which create a net that \"catches dreams\", he calls the \"internet\"). Lil' Bush constantly ridicules him for being slightly overweight (to make everyone else think so) despite the fact that Lil' George is shown to have more bodyweight than Lil' Al.\nLil' Nancy Pelosi: shown sewing a flag with rainbow-colored stripes, she is also \"nuked\" by Lil' George. Voiced by production assistant Martha Cary, who is the show creator's half-sister.\nLil' John Kerry: voiced by Chris Parson, Lil' Kerry's voice bores Lil' Bush and the gang. He loves ketchup, and says that someday he might marry it, in reference to his real-world marriage to condiment heiress Teresa Heinz Kerry.\nLil' John Edwards: apparently obsessed with hair in reference to Edwards' $400 haircuts.\nLil' Bill (Bill Clinton): voiced by Chris Parson; constantly cheats on Lil' Hillary.\nTiny Kucinich: who wants to someday fly with doves. Sometimes has to be handled like an infant. Voiced by Jason Nash, who does a variety of other voices for the show.","title":"Characters"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Season_1_(2007-08)"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Season_2_(2008)"}],"text":"SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired17June 13, 2007 (2007-06-13)March 11, 2008 (2008-03-11)210March 13, 2008 (2008-03-13)May 15, 2008 (2008-05-15)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 1 (2007-08)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Season 2 (2008)","title":"Episodes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"metascore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metascore"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"The Hollywood Reporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"South Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Netscape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"The show has received negative reviews from critics, with an aggregate metascore of 31/100.[2] A common complaint is that the show comes too late in Bush's presidency to remain topical.[3] Other complaints accuse it of immaturity and lack of subtlety.[4]Not all the reviews, however, have been negative. Among others, The Hollywood Reporter gave the show a positive review.[citation needed] A review from About.com cited the show's \"cleverness and maturity,\" likening it to \"a less bloody South Park\".[5] Likewise, in a Netscape review, the show was credited as a political satire which \"pinpoints the logical extreme of real life.\"[6]","title":"Critical response"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Home releases"}]
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[]
|
[{"title":"That's My Bush!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_My_Bush!"},{"title":"Our Cartoon President","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President"}]
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[]
|
[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100825012701/http://www.kariwahlgren.net/news.html","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100825012701/http://www.kariwahlgren.net/news.html","external_links_name":"[2]"},{"Link":"http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=20071001comedycentral01","external_links_name":"Breaking News - \"LI'L BUSH\" SIGNS-ON FOR A SECOND TERM WITH COMEDY CENTRAL | TheFutonCritic.com"},{"Link":"https://www.metacritic.com/tv/shows/lilbush","external_links_name":"Li'l Bush: Resident Of The United States"},{"Link":"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E7D7173FF930A25755C0A9619C8B63","external_links_name":"TELEVISION REVIEW; The President and His Friends, Younger and More Animated"},{"Link":"http://animatedtv.about.com/od/showsaz/gr/lilbushreview.htm","external_links_name":"Li'l Bush Review"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071105005159/http://animatedtv.about.com/od/showsaz/gr/lilbushreview.htm","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.netscape.com/viewstory/2007/06/11/lil-bush-a-cartoon-take-on-the-prez/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsvine.com%2F_news%2F2007%2F06%2F11%2F774790-lil-bush-a-cartoon-take-on-the-prez&frame=true:`Li%27l","external_links_name":"Bush: a Cartoon Take on the Prez"},{"Link":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0913742/","external_links_name":"Li'l Bush"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Hauer
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Karen Hauer
|
["1 So You Think You Can Dance","2 Strictly Come Dancing","2.1 Series 10: with celebrity partner Nicky Byrne","2.2 Series 11: with celebrity partner Dave Myers","2.3 Series 12: with celebrity partner Mark Wright","2.4 Series 13: with celebrity partner Jeremy Vine","2.5 Series 14: with celebrity partner Will Young","2.6 Series 15: with celebrity partner Simon Rimmer","2.7 Series 16: with celebrity partner Charles Venn","2.8 Series 17: with celebrity partner Chris Ramsey","2.9 Series 18: with celebrity partner Jamie Laing","2.10 Series 19: with celebrity partner Greg Wise","2.11 Series 20: with celebrity partner Jayde Adams","2.12 Series 21: with celebrity partner Eddie Kadi","3 Dance tours and other professional engagements","4 Personal life","5 References"]
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Professional dancer
Karen Hauer Wyn-JonesBornKaren Vanessa Girez Kardenez Andreas (1982-04-20) 20 April 1982 (age 42)Valencia, VenezuelaOccupationProfessional dancerYears active2009–presentTelevisionSo You Think You Can DanceStrictly Come DancingSpouses
Matthew Hauer
(m. 2000; div. 2009)
Kevin Clifton
(m. 2015; div. 2018)
Jordan Wyn-Jones
(m. 2022; div. 2024)
Karen Hauer Wyn-Jones (formerly Clifton; born 20 April 1982) is a Venezuelan-American professional Latin dance specialist and World Mambo Champion, best known for her appearances on the British television series Strictly Come Dancing, having served as a professional dancer on the show since 2012. She is currently the longest serving professional dancer on the show. She also featured on the American TV series So You Think You Can Dance, and was a principal dancer in the touring live dance show Burn the Floor.
So You Think You Can Dance
In 2009, Hauer auditioned for season 6 of the US reality show So You Think You Can Dance. She originally auditioned with her husband at the time, Matthew Hauer, but he was eliminated during Vegas week while Karen moved on to the top 20.
Week
Partner
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)
Results
1
Kevin Hunte
Cha-Cha
"Push It"—Glee Cast
Tony Meredith and Melanie LaPatin
Safe
2
Kevin Hunte
Hip-Hop
"Ice Cream Paint Job"—Dorrough
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo
Safe
3
Kevin Hunte
Hustle
"Come To Me"—France Joli
Maria Torres
Bottom 3
4
Kevin Hunte
Broadway
"If My Friends Could See Me Now"—Christina Applegate
Spencer Liff
Bottom 3
5
Victor Smalley
Tango
"Montserrat"— Orquesta del Plata
Tony Meredith and Melanie LaPatin
Eliminated
5
Victor Smalley
Hip-Hop
"Moving Mountains"—Usher
Laurie Ann Gibson
Eliminated
Strictly Come Dancing
Hauer joined Strictly Come Dancing as a professional dancer in 2012, partnering Westlife singer Nicky Byrne. They reached the quarter-finals in week 10, before losing the dance-off to Denise van Outen and her partner James Jordan.
Hauer returned for series 11 in 2013 to partner television chef Dave Myers; they were voted out of the competition in week 7, after losing the dance-off to Mark Benton and Iveta Lukosiute.
In series 12, she was paired with television personality Mark Wright, and they made it to the final, coming in 4th place.
In series 13, she was partnered with broadcaster Jeremy Vine; they were eliminated in Week 8 after losing a dance-off with Jamelia and Tristan MacManus.
For the fourteenth series in 2016, Hauer was paired with the singer Will Young, who withdrew from the competition after the third week.
In 2016, Hauer won the Children in Need Special with the taekwondo athlete Lutalo Muhammad. She danced with the celebrity chef Ainsley Harriott for the 2016 Christmas special.
In the fifteenth series in 2017, Hauer partnered television chef Simon Rimmer; they were eliminated in 11th place.
She was paired with actor Charles Venn for the sixteenth series in 2018; they reached the quarter-finals.
During the seventeenth series in 2019, Hauer was partnered with comedian Chris Ramsey; they reached the semi-final.
In the eighteenth series in 2020, she was partnered with Made in Chelsea star Jamie Laing, who returned after injuring his foot in the previous series. With Laing, Hauer reached the final for the second time.
For the nineteenth series in 2021, she was partnered with actor Greg Wise. The couple were eliminated in Week 4. With Hauer returning for her eleventh series, she would now serve as the longest-serving female professional dancer in the history of Strictly Come Dancing.
For the twentieth series in 2022, she was partnered with comedienne Jayde Adams. The couple were eliminated in Week 5 after losing their dance off to Molly Rainford and Carlos Gu.
For the 21st series in 2023, she was partnered with comedian and DJ Eddie Kadi. The couple were eliminated in Week 5 after losing their dance off to Zara McDermott and Graziano Di Prima.
Highest and lowest scoring performances per dance
Dance
Partner
Highest
Partner
Lowest
American Smooth
Jayde Adams
31
Simon Rimmer
16
Argentine Tango
Nicky Byrne
30
Cha Cha Cha
Mark Wright
35
Chris Ramsey
13
Charleston
Nicky ByrneMark Wright
36
Simon Rimmer
21
Couple's Choice
Jamie Laing (Street)
39
Greg Wise
23
Foxtrot
Mark Wright
35
Chris Ramsey
28
Jive
Mark Wright
35
Dave Myers
19
Paso Doble
Chris Ramsey
31
Dave Myers
16
Quickstep
Jamie Laing
32
Simon Rimmer
19
Rumba
Charles Venn
35
Nicky Byrne
25
Salsa
Chris Ramsey
33
Dave Myers
17
Samba
Charles Venn
38
Greg WiseSimon Rimmer
19
Showdance
Jamie Laing
39
Mark Wright
35
Something-athon
Charles Venn
3
Mark Wright
2
Tango
Mark WrightJamie Laing
32
Dave Myers
20
Viennese Waltz
Mark Wright
33
Chris Ramsey
26
Waltz
Mark Wright
31
Nicky Byrne
17
Jeremy Vine and Will Young are the only celebrities not to appear on this list.
Series
Partner
Place
AverageScore
10
Nicky Byrne
6th
26.6
11
Dave Myers
10th
18.3
12
Mark Wright
4th
31.7
13
Jeremy Vine
9th
20.3
14
Will Young
13th
29.3
15
Simon Rimmer
11th
18.5
16
Charles Venn
6th
29.7
17
Chris Ramsey
4th
26.2
18
Jamie Laing
2nd
32.0
19
Greg Wise
12th
23.0
20
Jayde Adams
27.4
21
Eddie Kadi
25.0
Series 10: with celebrity partner Nicky Byrne
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Goodman
Tonioli
1
Waltz / "I Wonder Why"
2
5
5
5
17
No elimination
2
Cha Cha Cha / "Dynamite"
4
5
4
5
18
Safe
3
Quickstep / "Hey Pachuco"
6
7
7
7
27
Safe
4
Tango / "Weird Science"
6
6
7
7
26
Safe
5
Rumba / "I Don't Wanna Miss A Thing"
4
7
7
7
25
Safe
6
Foxtrot / "The Best Is Yet to Come"
7
7
8
8
30
Safe
7
Jive / "Jailhouse Rock"
6
8
8
8
30
Bottom two
8
Charleston / "Doop"
9
9
9
9
36
Safe
9
Argentine Tango / "Skyfall"
7
8
7
8
30
Bottom two
10
American SmoothSamba / "Troublemaker"
5
7
8
7
27
Eliminated
Series 11: with celebrity partner Dave Myers
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Goodman
Tonioli
1
Cha Cha Cha / "Moves Like Jagger"
2
5
5
4
16
No elimination
2
American Smooth / "How D'Ya Like Your Eggs in the Morning?"
3
5
5
4
17
Safe
3
Paso Doble / "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)"
2
5
5
4
16
Safe
4
Waltz / "Take It to the Limit"
5
6
6
6
23
Safe
5
Salsa / "Cuban Pete"
3
5
5
4
17
Safe
6
Jive / "Monster Mash"
4
5
6
4
19
Safe
7
Tango / "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)"
4
6
6
4
20
Eliminated
Series 12: with celebrity partner Mark Wright
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Osmond
Goodman
Tonioli
1
Cha Cha Cha / "I'm Your Man"
5
7
–
6
6
24
No elimination
2
American Smooth / "I'm Yours"
6
7
–
7
7
27
Safe
3
Paso Doble / "Superman Theme"
6
6
9*
7
7
35
Safe
4
Quickstep / "Tiger Feet"
7
7
–
7
8
29
Bottom two
5
Samba / "That's the Way (I Like It)"
8
9
–
8
8
33
Safe
6
Jive / "Prologue (Little Shop of Horrors)"
8
9
–
9
9
35
Safe
7
Waltz / "Weekend In New England"
7
8
–
8
8
31
Safe
8
Charleston / "We No Speak Americano"
9
9
–
9
9
36
Safe
9
Tango / "Love Runs Out"
8
8
–
8
8
32
Safe
10
Salsa / "Viva Las Vegas"
7
8
–
9
8
32
Bottom two
11
Foxtrot / "L-O-V-E"Waltz-a-thon / "The Last Waltz"
8Awarded
92
–
9extra
9
points
3537
Safe
12
Viennese Waltz / "I Got You Babe"Rumba / "Fields of Gold"
89
88
–
98
88
3333
Bottom two
13
Cha Cha Cha / "I'm Your Man"Showdance / "Don't Stop Me Now"
88
99
–
99
99
3535
Eliminated
Score awarded by guest judge Donny Osmond
Series 13: with celebrity partner Jeremy Vine
In 2015 she partnered BBC Radio 2 presenter Jeremy Vine, for the thirteenth series of the show.
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Goodman
Tonioli
1
Cha Cha Cha / "September"
2
6
6
5
19
No elimination
2
American Smooth / "Happy Together"
3
5
5
4
17
Safe
3
Charleston / "Top Hat, White Tie and Tails"
3
7
7
7
24
Safe
4
Jive / "Splish Splash"
3
6
6
5
20
Safe
5
Waltz/ "She"
3
5
6
4
18
Safe
6
Salsa / "Thriller"
4
6
6
6
22
Safe
7
Tango / "Go West"
4
6
6
5
21
Safe
8
Quickstep / "Going Underground"
4
6
6
5
21
Eliminated
Series 14: with celebrity partner Will Young
She partnered singer Will Young, for the fourteenth series of the show.
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Goodman
Tonioli
1
Tango / "Let's Dance"
8
8
7
7
30
No elimination
2
Jive / "Rock Around the Clock"
5
7
8
7
27
Safe
3
Salsa / "Jai Ho"
8
8
7
8
31
Safe
4
Viennese Waltz / "Say Something"
–
–
–
–
–
Withdrew
Series 15: with celebrity partner Simon Rimmer
She partnered chef Simon Rimmer, for the fifteenth series of the show.
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Ballas
Tonioli
1
Paso Doble / "Song 2"
3
5
5
4
17
No Elimination
2
Waltz / "You'll Never Walk Alone"
4
4
6
5
19
Safe
3
Quickstep / "You've Got a Friend in Me"
3
5
6
5
19
Bottom two
4
Samba / "Copacabana"
4
5
5
5
19
Safe
5
Charleston / "Fit as a Fiddle (And Ready for Love)"
5
5
6
–
16
Bottom two
6
American Smooth / "Delilah"
2
5
5
4
16
Eliminated
Series 16: with celebrity partner Charles Venn
She partnered actor Charles Venn, for the sixteenth series of the show.
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Bussell
Ballas
Tonioli
1
Cha-cha-cha / "Ain't No Love (Ain't No Use)"
6
6
6
7
25
No Elimination
2
Quickstep / "Sir Duke"
5
6
7
7
25
Safe
3
American Smooth / "Up Where We Belong"
6
6
6
7
25
Bottom Two
4
Salsa / "Use It Up and Wear It Out"
6
6
6
7
25
Bottom Two
5
Street / "Get Up Offa That Thing"
9
9
9
9*
36
Safe
6
Jive / "Time Warp"
6
6
6
7
25
Safe
7
Viennese Waltz / "Piano Man"
6
7
7
8
28
Bottom Two
8
Charleston / "No Diggity"
8
9
9
9
35
Safe
9
Samba / "La Bamba"
9
9
10
10
38
Safe
10
Tango / "Eleanor Rigby"Lindy Hop-a-thon / "Do Your Thing"
6Awarded
83
8extra
8points
3033
Safe
11
Rumba / "Maria"
8
9
9
9
35
Eliminated
Score awarded by guest judge Alfonso Ribeiro
Series 17: with celebrity partner Chris Ramsey
She was partnered with comedian Chris Ramsey, for the seventeenth series. The couple reached the semi-final and finished fourth.
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' score
Total
Result
Craig R. Horwood
Motsi Mabuse
Shirley Ballas
Bruno Tonioli
1
Cha-Cha-Cha / "Juice"
3
4
3
3
13
No Elimination
2
Charleston / "Out of Our Heads"
5
7
7
7
26
Safe
3
American Smooth / "Cheek to Cheek"
4
6
6
6
22
Safe
4
Jive / "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting"
6
7
7
6
26
Safe
5
Quickstep / "Let's Go Crazy"
5
6
7
7*
25
Safe
6
Samba / "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)"
5
6
6
6
23
Safe
7
Street / "Let's Get Ready to Rhumble"
8
9
9
8
34
Safe
8
Tango / "Survivor"
5
7
7
7
26
Safe
9
Salsa / "Uptown Funk"
7
8
9
9
33
Safe
10
Paso Doble / "Run Boy Run"
8
8
8
7
31
Safe
11
Foxtrot / "Consider Yourself"
6
7
8
7
28
Bottom Two
12
Viennese Waltz / "Somebody to Love"Rumba / "Don't Watch Me Cry"
74
78
68
68
2628
Eliminated
Score awarded by guest judge Alfonso Ribeiro
Series 18: with celebrity partner Jamie Laing
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Ballas
Mabuse
1
Cha Cha Cha / "Think About Things"
4
5
5
14
No elimination
2
American Smooth / "Night and Day"
5
6
6
17
Bottom Two
3
Charleston / "Zero to Hero"
7
8
8
23
Safe
4
Samba / "Bamboléo"
8
8
9*
25
Safe
5
Street / "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)"
9
10
10*
29
Safe
6
Tango / "Tanguera"
8
8
8
24
Bottom Two
7
Jive / "Everybody's Talking About Jamie"
8
8
8
24
Bottom Two
8
Salsa / "Last Dance"Quickstep / "Thank God I'm a Country Boy"
88
88
88
2424
Bottom Two
9
Charleston / "Zero to Hero"Showdance / "I'm Still Standing"Street / "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)"
899
91010
91010
262929
Runner-up
Score awarded by Anton Du Beke
Series 19: with celebrity partner Greg Wise
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Mabuse
Ballas
Du Beke
1
American Smooth / "That's Life"
6
6
5
7
24
No elimination
2
Couple's Choice / "If You Could Read My Mind"
3
6
7
7
23
Safe
3
Paso Doble / "James Bond Theme"
6
6
7
7
26
Safe
4
Samba / "Macarena"
3
5
5
6
19
Eliminated
Series 20: with celebrity partner Jayde Adams
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Mabuse
Ballas
Du Beke
1
Samba / "Dirrty"
4
7
6
6
23
No elimination
2
Tango / "Rumour Has It"
6
7
6
7
26
Safe
3
Cha-Cha-Cha / "Flashdance... What a Feeling"
7
8
7
7
29
Safe
4
American Smooth / "Wind Beneath My Wings"
7
8
8
8
31
Safe
5
Charleston / "The Ballard of Barry & Freda (Let's Do It)"
6
7
7
8
28
Eliminated
Series 21: with celebrity partner Eddie Kadi
Week
Dance/Song
Judges' scores
Total
Result
Horwood
Mabuse
Ballas
Du Beke
1
Quickstep / "Two Hearts"
4
6
6
6
22
No elimination
2
Cha-cha-cha / "Rie y Llora"
3
6
5
7
21
Safe
3
Couple's Choice / "Theme from Men in Black"
8
8
10
8
34
Safe
4
American Smooth / "Sex Bomb"
4
7
6
7
24
Bottom two
5
Samba / "Calm Down"
5
6
6
7
24
Eliminated
Dance tours and other professional engagements
In August 2017, Karen & Kevin Clifton announced they would be touring the UK again in 2018 with their theatre tour, following the sell out success of their first nationwide tour in 2017.
In August 2023, Hauer announced that she would be teaching & performing with Gorka Márquez at Donahey's 'Dancing with The Stars Weekends' in 2024.
Hauer has performed on the Strictly Come Dancing Live! tour several times, either with a partner or as an additional dancer.
In 2020, Hauer's 'Firedance' tour with Gorka Márquez was postponed after a number of performances due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Personal life
Hauer was born Karen Vanessa Girez Kardenez Andreas, in Valencia, Venezuela, and took up dancing after moving to New York when she was eight. She studied at the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance, and then the High School of Performing Arts (otherwise known as "The Fame School"), majoring in ballet and contemporary dance before going on to study Ballroom and Latin at the age of 19.
Hauer was named World Mambo Champion in 2008, and Professional American Rhythm Rising Star Champion in 2009.
Hauer became the longest serving female professional dancer on Strictly Come Dancing when she was confirmed to appear in her tenth series in 2021.
Hauer is a certified Personal Trainer and a health and fitness enthusiast, and in 2019 she launched her online fitness programme 'Hauer Power'.
Hauer has been married three times: first to former dance partner Matthew Hauer (until 2009), then to fellow professional dancer Kevin Clifton (2015-2018) and latterly to Jordan Wyn-Jones, who she married at Chewton Glen in 2022.
References
^ "The Secret Talent Show Pasts Of The 'Strictly' Pro Dancers". HuffPost UK. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "Nicky Byrne eliminated from Strictly". 10 December 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Strictly Come Dancing 2013: Hairy Biker Dave Myers sent home". The Independent. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ Finbow, Katy (20 December 2014). "Strictly: Who finished in fourth place?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "Strictly Come Dancing 2015 week 8 results". The Independent. 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ Harp, Justin (18 November 2016). "Which Olympian won Strictly's Children in Need show?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "Who is Ainsley Harriott? Strictly Come Dancing Christmas special contestant guide". Radio Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "Meet Jamie Laing – Strictly Come Dancing 2020 contestant and Made in Chelsea star". Radio Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "Information". Kevinandkarenlive.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
^ "4* Weekend Break with the stars of Strictly Come Dancing". Donaheys.co.uk. 14 April 2010.
^ "Karen Hauer". InterTalent Rights Group. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^ "Karen Hauer Height, Husband, Long Hair, Partner, Wiki, Age, Maiden Name, First Husband, Married, Net Worth |". 10 September 2022.
^ "Karen Hauer". InterTalent Rights Group. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^ "BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Clifton". BBC.
^ "BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ West, Amy (25 March 2021). "Strictly Come Dancing's Karen Hauer celebrates show milestone in Instagram video". Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^ "Karen Hauer". InterTalent Rights Group. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^ Douglas, Nicole (15 March 2018). "Kevin and Karen Clifton CONFIRM split: Strictly Come Dancing couple to divorce". OK! Magazine.
^ "Strictly's Karen Hauer marries Jordan Wyn-Jones in intimate ceremony - EXCLUSIVE". HELLO!. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
vteStrictly Come DancingContestantsSeries
1 (2004)
2 (2004)
3 (2005)
4 (2006)
5 (2007)
6 (2008)
7 (2009)
8 (2010)
9 (2011)
10 (2012)
11 (2013)
12 (2014)
13 (2015)
14 (2016)
15 (2017)
16 (2018)
17 (2019)
18 (2020)
19 (2021)
20 (2022)
21 (2023)
22 (2024)
Specials
WinnersCelebrities
Natasha Kaplinsky
Jill Halfpenny
Darren Gough
Mark Ramprakash
Alesha Dixon
Tom Chambers
Chris Hollins
Kara Tointon
Harry Judd
Louis Smith
Abbey Clancy
Caroline Flack
Jay McGuiness
Ore Oduba
Joe McFadden
Stacey Dooley
Kelvin Fletcher
Bill Bailey
Rose Ayling-Ellis
Hamza Yassin
Ellie Leach
Professionals
Brendan Cole (1)
Darren Bennett (2)
Lilia Kopylova (3)
Karen Hardy (4)
Matthew Cutler (5)
Camilla Dallerup (6)
Ola Jordan (7)
Artem Chigvintsev (8)
Aliona Vilani (9, 13)
Flavia Cacace (10)
Aljaž Škorjanec (11)
Pasha Kovalev (12)
Joanne Clifton (14)
Katya Jones (15)
Kevin Clifton (16)
Oti Mabuse (17, 18)
Giovanni Pernice (19)
Jowita Przystał (20)
Vito Coppola (21)
OtherprofessionalsCurrent
Dianne Buswell
Nadiya Bychkova
Graziano Di Prima
Amy Dowden
Carlos Gu
Karen Hauer
Neil Jones
Nikita Kuzmin
Gorka Márquez
Luba Mushtuk
Lauren Oakley
Johannes Radebe
Kai Widdrington
Nancy Xu
Former
Erin Boag
Andrew Cuerden
Nicole Cutler
Anton Du Beke
Brian Fortuna
Anya Garnis
Hanna Haarala
Izabela Hannah
Hayley Holt
Kylie Jones
James Jordan
Hanna Karttunen
Paul Killick
Natalie Lowe
Iveta Lukošiūtė
Tristan MacManus
Janette Manrara
Jared Murillo
Hazel Newberry
Oksana Platero
AJ Pritchard
Kristina Rihanoff
Gleb Savchenko
Vincent Simone
Katya Virshilas
Ian Waite
Trent Whiddon
Robin Windsor
Related
Come Dancing (1949–1998)
It Takes Two
Tour
The Strictly
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Venezuelan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela"},{"link_name":"American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America"},{"link_name":"Latin dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_dance"},{"link_name":"Mambo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mambo_(dance)"},{"link_name":"Strictly Come Dancing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing"},{"link_name":"So You Think You Can Dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance"},{"link_name":"Burn the Floor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn_the_Floor"}],"text":"Karen Hauer Wyn-Jones (formerly Clifton; born 20 April 1982) is a Venezuelan-American professional Latin dance specialist and World Mambo Champion, best known for her appearances on the British television series Strictly Come Dancing, having served as a professional dancer on the show since 2012. She is currently the longest serving professional dancer on the show. She also featured on the American TV series So You Think You Can Dance, and was a principal dancer in the touring live dance show Burn the Floor.","title":"Karen Hauer"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"season 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance_(season_6)"},{"link_name":"So You Think You Can Dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance_(U.S._TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"In 2009, Hauer auditioned for season 6 of the US reality show So You Think You Can Dance. She originally auditioned with her husband at the time, Matthew Hauer, but he was eliminated during Vegas week while Karen moved on to the top 20.[1]","title":"So You Think You Can Dance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Westlife","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westlife"},{"link_name":"Nicky Byrne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Byrne"},{"link_name":"Denise van Outen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_van_Outen"},{"link_name":"James Jordan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Jordan_(dancer)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Dave Myers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Myers_(presenter)"},{"link_name":"Mark Benton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Benton"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Mark Wright","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Wright_(TV_personality)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Vine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Vine"},{"link_name":"Jamelia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamelia"},{"link_name":"Tristan MacManus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_MacManus"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Will Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Young"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Lutalo Muhammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutalo_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Ainsley Harriott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainsley_Harriott"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Simon Rimmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Rimmer"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Charles Venn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Venn"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Chris Ramsey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Ramsey_(comedian)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Made in Chelsea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_in_Chelsea"},{"link_name":"Jamie Laing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Laing"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Greg Wise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Wise"},{"link_name":"Strictly Come Dancing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing"},{"link_name":"Jayde Adams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayde_Adams"},{"link_name":"Molly Rainford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Rainford"},{"link_name":"Carlos Gu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Gu"},{"link_name":"Eddie Kadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Kadi"},{"link_name":"Zara McDermott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zara_McDermott"},{"link_name":"Graziano Di Prima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graziano_Di_Prima"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Vine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Vine"},{"link_name":"Will Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Young"}],"text":"Hauer joined Strictly Come Dancing as a professional dancer in 2012, partnering Westlife singer Nicky Byrne. They reached the quarter-finals in week 10, before losing the dance-off to Denise van Outen and her partner James Jordan.[2]Hauer returned for series 11 in 2013 to partner television chef Dave Myers; they were voted out of the competition in week 7, after losing the dance-off to Mark Benton and Iveta Lukosiute.[3]In series 12, she was paired with television personality Mark Wright, and they made it to the final, coming in 4th place.[4]In series 13, she was partnered with broadcaster Jeremy Vine; they were eliminated in Week 8 after losing a dance-off with Jamelia and Tristan MacManus.[5]For the fourteenth series in 2016, Hauer was paired with the singer Will Young, who withdrew from the competition after the third week.[6]In 2016, Hauer won the Children in Need Special with the taekwondo athlete Lutalo Muhammad.[7] She danced with the celebrity chef Ainsley Harriott for the 2016 Christmas special.[8]In the fifteenth series in 2017, Hauer partnered television chef Simon Rimmer; they were eliminated in 11th place.[9]She was paired with actor Charles Venn for the sixteenth series in 2018; they reached the quarter-finals.[10]During the seventeenth series in 2019, Hauer was partnered with comedian Chris Ramsey; they reached the semi-final.[11]In the eighteenth series in 2020, she was partnered with Made in Chelsea star Jamie Laing, who returned after injuring his foot in the previous series. With Laing, Hauer reached the final for the second time.[12]For the nineteenth series in 2021, she was partnered with actor Greg Wise. The couple were eliminated in Week 4. With Hauer returning for her eleventh series, she would now serve as the longest-serving female professional dancer in the history of Strictly Come Dancing.For the twentieth series in 2022, she was partnered with comedienne Jayde Adams. The couple were eliminated in Week 5 after losing their dance off to Molly Rainford and Carlos Gu.For the 21st series in 2023, she was partnered with comedian and DJ Eddie Kadi. The couple were eliminated in Week 5 after losing their dance off to Zara McDermott and Graziano Di Prima.Highest and lowest scoring performances per danceJeremy Vine and Will Young are the only celebrities not to appear on this list.","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 10: with celebrity partner Nicky Byrne","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 11: with celebrity partner Dave Myers","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Donny Osmond","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donny_Osmond"}],"sub_title":"Series 12: with celebrity partner Mark Wright","text":"Score awarded by guest judge Donny Osmond","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"BBC Radio 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_2"},{"link_name":"Jeremy Vine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Vine"}],"sub_title":"Series 13: with celebrity partner Jeremy Vine","text":"In 2015 she partnered BBC Radio 2 presenter Jeremy Vine, for the thirteenth series of the show.","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Will Young","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Young"}],"sub_title":"Series 14: with celebrity partner Will Young","text":"She partnered singer Will Young, for the fourteenth series of the show.","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Simon Rimmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Rimmer"}],"sub_title":"Series 15: with celebrity partner Simon Rimmer","text":"She partnered chef Simon Rimmer, for the fifteenth series of the show.","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Charles Venn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Venn"},{"link_name":"Alfonso Ribeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_Ribeiro"}],"sub_title":"Series 16: with celebrity partner Charles Venn","text":"She partnered actor Charles Venn, for the sixteenth series of the show.Score awarded by guest judge Alfonso Ribeiro","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chris Ramsey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Ramsey_(comedian)"},{"link_name":"seventeenth series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_17)"},{"link_name":"Alfonso Ribeiro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_Ribeiro"}],"sub_title":"Series 17: with celebrity partner Chris Ramsey","text":"She was partnered with comedian Chris Ramsey, for the seventeenth series. The couple reached the semi-final and finished fourth.Score awarded by guest judge Alfonso Ribeiro","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Anton Du Beke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Du_Beke"}],"sub_title":"Series 18: with celebrity partner Jamie Laing","text":"Score awarded by Anton Du Beke","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 19: with celebrity partner Greg Wise","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 20: with celebrity partner Jayde Adams","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Series 21: with celebrity partner Eddie Kadi","title":"Strictly Come Dancing"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kevin Clifton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Clifton"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Gorka Márquez","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorka_M%C3%A1rquez"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Strictly Come Dancing Live!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing_Live!"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"In August 2017, Karen & Kevin Clifton announced they would be touring the UK again in 2018 with their theatre tour, following the sell out success of their first nationwide tour in 2017.[13]In August 2023, Hauer announced that she would be teaching & performing with Gorka Márquez at Donahey's 'Dancing with The Stars Weekends' in 2024.[14]Hauer has performed on the Strictly Come Dancing Live! tour several times, either with a partner or as an additional dancer.In 2020, Hauer's 'Firedance' tour with Gorka Márquez was postponed after a number of performances due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[15]","title":"Dance tours and other professional engagements"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Valencia, Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia,_Venezuela"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Graham_Center_of_Contemporary_Dance"},{"link_name":"High School of Performing Arts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Mambo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mambo_(dance)"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Kevin Clifton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Clifton"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Chewton Glen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewton_Glen"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Hauer was born Karen Vanessa Girez Kardenez Andreas, in Valencia, Venezuela, and took up dancing after moving to New York when she was eight.[16] She studied at the Martha Graham School of Contemporary Dance, and then the High School of Performing Arts (otherwise known as \"The Fame School\"), majoring in ballet and contemporary dance before going on to study Ballroom and Latin at the age of 19.[17][18]Hauer was named World Mambo Champion in 2008, and Professional American Rhythm Rising Star Champion in 2009.[19]Hauer became the longest serving female professional dancer on Strictly Come Dancing when she was confirmed to appear in her tenth series in 2021.[20]Hauer is a certified Personal Trainer and a health and fitness enthusiast, and in 2019 she launched her online fitness programme 'Hauer Power'.[21]Hauer has been married three times: first to former dance partner Matthew Hauer (until 2009), then to fellow professional dancer Kevin Clifton (2015-2018)[22] and latterly to Jordan Wyn-Jones, who she married at Chewton Glen in 2022.[23]","title":"Personal life"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"The Secret Talent Show Pasts Of The 'Strictly' Pro Dancers\". HuffPost UK. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/08/20/strictly-come-dancing-professional-dancers_n_8016120.html","url_text":"\"The Secret Talent Show Pasts Of The 'Strictly' Pro Dancers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Nicky Byrne eliminated from Strictly\". 10 December 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2012/1210/442064-strictlycomedancing/","url_text":"\"Nicky Byrne eliminated from Strictly\""}]},{"reference":"\"Strictly Come Dancing 2013: Hairy Biker Dave Myers sent home\". The Independent. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/strictly-come-dancing-2013-hairy-biker-dave-myers-sent-home-8932166.html","url_text":"\"Strictly Come Dancing 2013: Hairy Biker Dave Myers sent home\""}]},{"reference":"Finbow, Katy (20 December 2014). \"Strictly: Who finished in fourth place?\". Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/a617837/strictly-mark-wright-and-karen-hauer-leave-the-competition/","url_text":"\"Strictly: Who finished in fourth place?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Strictly Come Dancing 2015 week 8 results\". The Independent. 15 November 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/strictly-come-dancing-2015-results-jeremy-vine-leaves-competition-after-failing-impress-his-quickstep-a6735356.html","url_text":"\"Strictly Come Dancing 2015 week 8 results\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5PCTf3wTfSNxBFNtqRG2TQ1/karen-hauer","url_text":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"Harp, Justin (18 November 2016). \"Which Olympian won Strictly's Children in Need show?\". Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/a814548/children-in-need-2016-strictly-come-dancing-special-result/","url_text":"\"Which Olympian won Strictly's Children in Need show?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Who is Ainsley Harriott? Strictly Come Dancing Christmas special contestant guide\". Radio Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/talent-shows/who-is-ainsley-harriott-strictly-come-dancing-christmas-special-contestant-guide/","url_text":"\"Who is Ainsley Harriott? Strictly Come Dancing Christmas special contestant guide\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5PCTf3wTfSNxBFNtqRG2TQ1/karen-hauer","url_text":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5PCTf3wTfSNxBFNtqRG2TQ1/karen-hauer","url_text":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5PCTf3wTfSNxBFNtqRG2TQ1/karen-hauer","url_text":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"\"Meet Jamie Laing – Strictly Come Dancing 2020 contestant and Made in Chelsea star\". Radio Times. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/talent-shows/jamie-laing-strictly-come-dancing-2020-contestant/","url_text":"\"Meet Jamie Laing – Strictly Come Dancing 2020 contestant and Made in Chelsea star\""}]},{"reference":"\"Information\". Kevinandkarenlive.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20181008120507/http://kevinandkarenlive.com/information","url_text":"\"Information\""},{"url":"http://www.kevinandkarenlive.com/information","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"4* Weekend Break with the stars of Strictly Come Dancing\". Donaheys.co.uk. 14 April 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.donaheys.co.uk/events/wales-dancing-holiday/","url_text":"\"4* Weekend Break with the stars of Strictly Come Dancing\""}]},{"reference":"\"Karen Hauer\". InterTalent Rights Group. Retrieved 15 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.intertalentgroup.com/client/karen-hauer/","url_text":"\"Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"\"Karen Hauer Height, Husband, Long Hair, Partner, Wiki, Age, Maiden Name, First Husband, Married, Net Worth |\". 10 September 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://primalinformation.com/karen-hauer-height/","url_text":"\"Karen Hauer Height, Husband, Long Hair, Partner, Wiki, Age, Maiden Name, First Husband, Married, Net Worth |\""}]},{"reference":"\"Karen Hauer\". InterTalent Rights Group. Retrieved 15 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.intertalentgroup.com/client/karen-hauer/","url_text":"\"Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Clifton\". BBC.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5PCTf3wTfSNxBFNtqRG2TQ1/karen-clifton","url_text":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Clifton\""}]},{"reference":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\". BBC. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5PCTf3wTfSNxBFNtqRG2TQ1/karen-hauer","url_text":"\"BBC One - Strictly Come Dancing - Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"West, Amy (25 March 2021). \"Strictly Come Dancing's Karen Hauer celebrates show milestone in Instagram video\". Digital Spy. Retrieved 14 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/a35934433/strictly-karen-hauer-longest-serving-female-pro-dancer/","url_text":"\"Strictly Come Dancing's Karen Hauer celebrates show milestone in Instagram video\""}]},{"reference":"\"Karen Hauer\". InterTalent Rights Group. Retrieved 15 June 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.intertalentgroup.com/client/karen-hauer/","url_text":"\"Karen Hauer\""}]},{"reference":"Douglas, Nicole (15 March 2018). \"Kevin and Karen Clifton CONFIRM split: Strictly Come Dancing couple to divorce\". OK! Magazine.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ok.co.uk/celebrity-news/kevin-karen-clifton-split-strictly-14428624","url_text":"\"Kevin and Karen Clifton CONFIRM split: Strictly Come Dancing couple to divorce\""}]},{"reference":"\"Strictly's Karen Hauer marries Jordan Wyn-Jones in intimate ceremony - EXCLUSIVE\". HELLO!. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/20220608142207/karen-hauer-exciting-news-wedding-jordan-wyn-jones/","url_text":"\"Strictly's Karen Hauer marries Jordan Wyn-Jones in intimate ceremony - EXCLUSIVE\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhagan
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Andhagan
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["1 Premise","2 Cast","3 Production","3.1 Development","3.2 Casting","3.3 Filming","4 Music","5 Release","6 References","7 External links"]
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Upcoming film by Thiagarajan
AndhaganPromotional posterDirected byThiagarajanScreenplay byThiagarajanBased onAndhadhunby Sriram RaghavanProduced byShanthi ThiagarajanStarringPrashanthKarthikSimranPriya AnandSamuthirakaniCinematographyRavi YadavEdited bySathish SuriyaMusic bySanthosh NarayananProductioncompanyStaar MoviesDistributed byV CreationsCountryIndiaLanguageTamil
Andhagan (transl. The Blind Man) is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language crime thriller film co-written and directed by Thiagarajan. A remake of the 2018 Hindi film Andhadhun, it stars Prashanth, Karthik, Simran, Priya Anand and Samuthirakani. The film revolves around a blind pianist who unwittingly becomes embroiled in a murder.
Thiagarajan purchased the remake rights of Andhadhun in 2019, and in January 2020 Mohan Raja was announced as director. Raja left the project that October, and was replaced by JJ Fredrick who also left months later, with Thiagarajan taking over directing. The film began production in March 2021, delayed from an April 2020 start date due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was completed by November 2022. Despite that, it has faced repeated delays in its release.
Premise
A blind pianist unwittingly becomes embroiled in a murder.
Cast
Prashanth as the pianist
Karthik as the retired actor
Simran as the retired actor's wife
Priya Anand as the pianist's girlfriend
Samuthirakani as the police inspector
Urvashi
Yogi Babu as the auto driver
K. S. Ravikumar as the doctor
Vanitha Vijayakumar as the possessive wife
Manobala as a police officer
Besant Ravi
Leela Samson
Mohan Vaidya
Poovaiyar
Lakshmi Pradeep
Production
Development
In August 2019, it was announced that Thiagarajan had purchased the rights to remake the Hindi film Andhadhun (2018) in Tamil, outbidding other producers like Dhanush and Siddharth. Thiagarajan said he had been in discussions with the production house of Andhadhun since that film's release, and due to the rapport that they developed, he was able to acquire the remake rights. The remake would be produced under the Staar Movies banner. The team held discussions with Gautham Vasudev Menon in late August 2019 about directing the film, but he ultimately did not sign on the project.
In January 2020, it was announced that Mohan Raja would direct the yet-untitled remake. However, that October, he withdrew from the project and was replaced by JJ Fredrick. Raja's withdrawal was reported to be due to scheduling conflicts with a Telugu film he had previously signed on to direct. The title Andhagan was unveiled on 1 January 2021. In March 2021, Fredrick announced his departure from the film without specifying a reason, and Thiagarajan took over directing. He also wrote the screenplay and Pattukkottai Prabakar wrote the dialogues. Thiagarajan claimed he took over direction to avoid production delays, and "every other remake version of the original was gearing up for release". Cinematographer Ravi Yadav agreed to Thiagarajan's request to set aside three months to work on the film. Editing was handled by Sathish Suriya.
Casting
In August 2019, Thiagarajan announced that his son Prashanth would play the protagonist, a pianist. He noted that since Prashanth was a trained pianist, this benefited the casting. In April 2020, Thiagarajan said there had been discussions with Tabu to reprise her role as the retired actor's wife from Andhadhun, but the actress eventually did not sign on. Ramya Krishnan was also considered for the role, but did not join the project. That August, Thiagarajan said Yogi Babu would play the "crucial role" of an auto driver, and Karthik had also agreed to join the film. In response to reports that Karthik was cast as the retired actor originally played by Anil Dhawan, Thiagarajan said his role had not yet been decided; he expressed his interest in seeing Karthik in the role of the doctor originally played by Zakir Hussain, but Karthik was ultimately confirmed to be cast in Dhawan's role. The producers held discussions with Aishwarya Rai Bachchan to play the role earlier offered to Tabu during October 2020, but she did not sign the film. In December 2020, Simran was confirmed for that role.
In January 2021, K. S. Ravikumar was cast in an undisclosed role, later revealed to be the doctor. Thiagarajan said casting for the role originally played by Radhika Apte was underway, and the makers were searching for an "established actor" to play the role, though by the time filming began, the role was still not cast. On 18 March, it was announced that Priya Anand was cast in the role. She sought not to emulate Apte, but give the character her own unique interpretation. In the same month Vanitha Vijayakumar joined, playing the role originally played by Ashwini Kalsekar. Vanitha had not watched Andhadhun until after she was approached for the role, and chose to act on instinct without being influenced by Kalsekar's performance. Manav Vij was initially chosen to reprise his role from Andhadhun as the police inspector, but ultimately did not remain on the project because of delays in the beginning of production. Samuthirakani was later approached to play the character; despite his busy schedule, he accepted the role. The film is the acting debut of Lakshmi Pradeep, a finalist of the fifth season of Star Vijay's Super Singer.
Filming
Principal photography was supposed to begin in April 2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was later rescheduled to begin in January 2021, but ultimately began on 10 March at Prashanth Gold Tower, Chennai, hours before Fredrick announced his exit. Thiagarajan planned to finish shooting within 35 days without any breaks in schedule. Shooting also took place in a house in T. Nagar which the crew bought and remodelled so it would resemble the house from Andhadhun.
The climax was initially planned to be filmed in London, but those plans were dropped by April due to the COVID-19 lockdown there. Filming was 50% complete by that time, with only small schedules in Chennai and Puducherry remaining, along with a three-day schedule in another European country. By 27 April, filming had been suspended indefinitely due to the second wave of the pandemic in India, with Thiagarajan saying it would resume once the entire crew was vaccinated against COVID-19. Filming ultimately resumed on 6 July at a hotel in Chennai, and the schedule there was completed on 28 July, with only the climax left to be filmed in an overseas country. Principal photography wrapped by mid-2022, with the exception of a song sequence choreographed by Prabhu Deva, which was filmed in mid-November that year.
Music
The music has been composed by Santhosh Narayanan. Thiagarajan chose him as the composer after being impressed with his work in Cuckoo (2014). The audio rights were bought by Sony Music India. Thiagarajan said plans were to have the audio launch in March 2022. The first single, "En Kadhal", was released on 7 March. The second single, "Yosichi Yosichi", was released on 26 May. The third single "Kannile" was released on 23 February 2023. Another single, "Dorra Bujji", is awaiting release.
Track listingNo.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length1."En Kadhal"VivekSid Sriram4:382."Yosichi Yosichi"VivekHaricharan4:283."Kannile"UmadeviAdithya RK3:104."Dorra Bujji"Ekadasi, Uma DeviAnirudh Ravichander, Vijay Sethupathi
Release
In early March 2022, Kalaipuli S. Thanu acquired the rights to distribute the film worldwide via his V Creations. The film, however, faced repeated delays in its release, and the makers seldom posted updates on the film, only releasing new posters on public holidays or festivals.
References
^ a b "Priya Anand and Vanitha Vijayakumar in Prashanth's Andhagan". The Times of India. 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
^ a b c d "Andhagan: JJ Fredrick quits as Andhadhun Tamil remake goes on floors". The Indian Express. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
^ a b "Prashanth and Simran resume 'Andhagan' shoot in Chennai". The Times of India. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
^ a b c Amitabh Bachchan & Prashanth வச்சி ஒரு படம் பண்ணப்போறேன், Story இதான்! – Thiagarajan – Prashanth (in Tamil). Cinema Vikatan. 19 March 2022. From 15:50 to 16:05. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via YouTube.
^ a b c d e f Lakshmi, V (12 April 2021). "When Samuthirakani interrogated Prashanth & Simran for a crime". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
^ a b Suganth, M (16 August 2019). "Not Dhanush or Siddharth, it's now Prashanth in Andhadhun remake". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ Sekar, Raja (23 August 2019). "Andhadhun Tamil remake: Producer Thiagarajan on casting his son Prasanth in Ayushmann Khurrana's role". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ a b "Prashanth's Tamil remake of 'Andhadhun' has been titled 'Andhagan'". The Hindu. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "Gautham Menon to direct Prashanth in Tamil remake of Andhadhun?". India Today. 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ Balachandran, Logesh (30 August 2019). "Gautham Menon likely to direct the Tamil remake of Andhadhun". DT Next. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ Kumar, Karthik (22 January 2020). "Mohan Raja to direct Andhadhun Tamil remake with Prashanth as the lead". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "Mohan Raja opts out of 'Andhadhun' remake!". Sify. 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "'Ponmagal Vandhal' director on board to helm 'Andhadhun' Tamil remake". The News Minute. 14 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ Riaz K Ahmed (8 April 2021). ".@thondankani joins #StaarMovies Production @actorprashanth *ing @actorthiagaraja Dir #Andhagan" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ a b c Lakshmi, V (18 March 2021). "Priya Anand on Andhagan: The character will have my own interpretation". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
^ a b Sangeetha, P (19 February 2022). "Prashanth's Andhadhun remake will have a few additional twists". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
^ Kumar, Karthik (24 April 2020). "Tabu likely to reprise her own role in Andhadhun Tamil remake". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "Ramya for Tabu's role in Andhadhun remake?". DT Next. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ Lakshmi, V (25 August 2020). "Karthik, Yogi Babu in Andhadhun remake". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
^ "Navarasa Nayagan Karthik hospitalized again!". Sify. 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^ Balachandran, Logesh (13 October 2020). "Andhadhun Tamil remake: Aishwarya Rai in talks for Prashanth's upcoming film". India Today. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
^ CR, Sharanya (11 December 2020). "Simran: Playing Tabu's role in Andhadhun's Tamil remake is a huge responsibility". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "KS Ravikumar roped into Prasanth's Andhadhun remake". The Times of India. 9 January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
^ a b Sundar, Anusha (1 January 2021). "'Andhagan', the Tamil Remake of 'Andhadhun', to Release by May–June". Silverscreen India. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ a b Lakshmi, V (10 March 2021). "Thiagarajan returns to direction with Prashanth's Andhadhun Tamil remake". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
^ a b Lakshmi, V (7 April 2021). "Samuthirakani takes on Prashanth in the remake of Andhadhun". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
^ "Watch: Prashanth plays piano in promo of 'Andhadhun' Tamil remake". The News Minute. 25 December 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "'Andhagan' is the title of the Tamil remake of 'Andhadhun'!". Sify. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "JJ Fredrick opts out of Andhagan; Thiagarajan to direct Prashanth again". Cinema Express. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
^ "Karthik takes second dose of COVID-19 vaccine". The Times of India. 27 April 2021. Archived from the original on 29 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
^ "Prashanth's Andhagan to release in September". Cinema Express. 30 July 2021. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
^ Lakshmi, V (1 November 2022). "Vijay Sethupathi, Prabhu Deva, Anirudh team up for a song in Prashanth's Andhagan". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^ "Prashanth's 'Andhagan' shooting wrapped up completely". The Times of India. 20 November 2022. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^ Rajendran, Gopinath (17 December 2020). "Santhosh Narayanan to compose music for Tamil remake of 'Andhadhun'". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
^ "பிரசாந்த் நடிக்கும் 'அந்தகன்' படத்தின் புதிய அப்டேட்!" . Webdunia (in Tamil). 18 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
^ "En Kadhal, the first single from Prashanth's Andhagan The Pianist out". Cinema Express. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
^ "Yosichi Yosichi from Prashanth's Andhagan is a peppy number". OTTPlay. 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^ "WATCH: பிரஷாந்த்தின் 'அந்தகன்' படத்திலிருந்து 'கண்ணிலே' மியூசிக் வீடியோ இதோ". News18 (in Tamil). 23 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
^ "Prabhudheva, Anirudh, Vijay Sethupathi unite for Prashanth's Andhagan". Cinema Express. 1 November 2022. Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
^ "Producer Kalaipuli S Thanu reveals 'Andhagan' will be released in theatres". The Times of India. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
^ Andhagan Movie Delay | அந்தகன் படமும்..வாழ்த்து அட்டை ரகசியமும்! | Actor Prashanth | Sun News (in Tamil). Sun News. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023 – via YouTube.
External links
Andhagan at IMDb
vteAndhadhun and its remakes
Maestro (2021)
Bhramam (2021)
Andhagan (TBA)
|
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Ravikumar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._S._Ravikumar"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CinemaVikatan-4"},{"link_name":"Radhika Apte","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhika_Apte"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-silverscreenindia-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35days-25"},{"link_name":"Priya Anand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priya_Anand"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Priya_Anand-1"},{"link_name":"Vanitha Vijayakumar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanitha_Vijayakumar"},{"link_name":"Ashwini Kalsekar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashwini_Kalsekar"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interpretation-15"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Interrogate-5"},{"link_name":"Manav Vij","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manav_Vij"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Interrogate-5"},{"link_name":"Samuthirakani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuthirakani"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Samuthirakani-26"},{"link_name":"fifth season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Singer_5"},{"link_name":"Star Vijay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Vijay"},{"link_name":"Super Singer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Singer_(Tamil_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Interrogate-5"}],"sub_title":"Casting","text":"In August 2019, Thiagarajan announced that his son Prashanth would play the protagonist, a pianist. He noted that since Prashanth was a trained pianist, this benefited the casting.[6] In April 2020, Thiagarajan said there had been discussions with Tabu to reprise her role as the retired actor's wife from Andhadhun, but the actress eventually did not sign on.[17] Ramya Krishnan was also considered for the role, but did not join the project.[18] That August, Thiagarajan said Yogi Babu would play the \"crucial role\" of an auto driver, and Karthik had also agreed to join the film. In response to reports that Karthik was cast as the retired actor originally played by Anil Dhawan, Thiagarajan said his role had not yet been decided; he expressed his interest in seeing Karthik in the role of the doctor originally played by Zakir Hussain,[19] but Karthik was ultimately confirmed to be cast in Dhawan's role.[20] The producers held discussions with Aishwarya Rai Bachchan to play the role earlier offered to Tabu during October 2020, but she did not sign the film.[21] In December 2020, Simran was confirmed for that role.[22]In January 2021, K. S. Ravikumar was cast in an undisclosed role,[23] later revealed to be the doctor.[4] Thiagarajan said casting for the role originally played by Radhika Apte was underway, and the makers were searching for an \"established actor\" to play the role,[24] though by the time filming began, the role was still not cast.[25] On 18 March, it was announced that Priya Anand was cast in the role.[1] She sought not to emulate Apte, but give the character her own unique interpretation. In the same month Vanitha Vijayakumar joined, playing the role originally played by Ashwini Kalsekar.[15] Vanitha had not watched Andhadhun until after she was approached for the role, and chose to act on instinct without being influenced by Kalsekar's performance.[5] Manav Vij was initially chosen to reprise his role from Andhadhun as the police inspector, but ultimately did not remain on the project because of delays in the beginning of production.[5] Samuthirakani was later approached to play the character; despite his busy schedule, he accepted the role.[26] The film is the acting debut of Lakshmi Pradeep, a finalist of the fifth season of Star Vijay's Super Singer.[5]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"Chennai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chennai"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-floors-2"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35days-25"},{"link_name":"T. Nagar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Nagar"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-interpretation-15"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-silverscreenindia-24"},{"link_name":"COVID-19 lockdown there","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#England"},{"link_name":"Puducherry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Samuthirakani-26"},{"link_name":"second wave of the pandemic in India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#2021"},{"link_name":"vaccinated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India"},{"link_name":"COVID-19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-resume-3"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"wrapped","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrap_(filmmaking)"},{"link_name":"Prabhu Deva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabhu_Deva"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"}],"sub_title":"Filming","text":"Principal photography was supposed to begin in April 2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[27] It was later rescheduled to begin in January 2021,[28] but ultimately began on 10 March at Prashanth Gold Tower, Chennai, hours before Fredrick announced his exit.[2][29] Thiagarajan planned to finish shooting within 35 days without any breaks in schedule.[25] Shooting also took place in a house in T. Nagar which the crew bought and remodelled so it would resemble the house from Andhadhun.[15]The climax was initially planned to be filmed in London,[24] but those plans were dropped by April due to the COVID-19 lockdown there. Filming was 50% complete by that time, with only small schedules in Chennai and Puducherry remaining, along with a three-day schedule in another European country.[26] By 27 April, filming had been suspended indefinitely due to the second wave of the pandemic in India, with Thiagarajan saying it would resume once the entire crew was vaccinated against COVID-19.[30] Filming ultimately resumed on 6 July at a hotel in Chennai,[3] and the schedule there was completed on 28 July, with only the climax left to be filmed in an overseas country.[31] Principal photography wrapped by mid-2022, with the exception of a song sequence choreographed by Prabhu Deva, which was filmed in mid-November that year.[32][33]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Santhosh Narayanan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santhosh_Narayanan"},{"link_name":"Cuckoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo_(2014_film)"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Sony Music India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_India"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-February_2022-16"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"Vivek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivek_(lyricist)"},{"link_name":"Sid Sriram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_Sriram"},{"link_name":"Haricharan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haricharan"},{"link_name":"Anirudh Ravichander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anirudh_Ravichander"},{"link_name":"Vijay Sethupathi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay_Sethupathi"}],"text":"The music has been composed by Santhosh Narayanan. Thiagarajan chose him as the composer after being impressed with his work in Cuckoo (2014).[34] The audio rights were bought by Sony Music India.[35] Thiagarajan said plans were to have the audio launch in March 2022.[16] The first single, \"En Kadhal\", was released on 7 March.[36] The second single, \"Yosichi Yosichi\", was released on 26 May.[37] The third single \"Kannile\" was released on 23 February 2023.[38] Another single, \"Dorra Bujji\", is awaiting release.[39]Track listingNo.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length1.\"En Kadhal\"VivekSid Sriram4:382.\"Yosichi Yosichi\"VivekHaricharan4:283.\"Kannile\"UmadeviAdithya RK3:104.\"Dorra Bujji\"Ekadasi, Uma DeviAnirudh Ravichander, Vijay Sethupathi","title":"Music"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Kalaipuli S. Thanu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaipuli_S._Thanu"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"}],"text":"In early March 2022, Kalaipuli S. Thanu acquired the rights to distribute the film worldwide via his V Creations.[40] The film, however, faced repeated delays in its release, and the makers seldom posted updates on the film, only releasing new posters on public holidays or festivals.[41]","title":"Release"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Priya Anand and Vanitha Vijayakumar in Prashanth's Andhagan\". The Times of India. 18 March 2021. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/priya-anand-and-vanitha-vijayakumar-in-prashanths-andhagan/articleshow/81566225.cms","url_text":"\"Priya Anand and Vanitha Vijayakumar in Prashanth's Andhagan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210318084945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/priya-anand-and-vanitha-vijayakumar-in-prashanths-andhagan/articleshow/81566225.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Andhagan: JJ Fredrick quits as Andhadhun Tamil remake goes on floors\". The Indian Express. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/andhagan-jj-fredrick-quits-as-andhadhun-tamil-remake-goes-on-floors-7222383/","url_text":"\"Andhagan: JJ Fredrick quits as Andhadhun Tamil remake goes on floors\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indian_Express","url_text":"The Indian Express"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210311013606/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/andhagan-jj-fredrick-quits-as-andhadhun-tamil-remake-goes-on-floors-7222383/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Prashanth and Simran resume 'Andhagan' shoot in Chennai\". The Times of India. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prashanth-and-simran-resume-andhagan-shoot-in-chennai/articleshow/84201793.cms","url_text":"\"Prashanth and Simran resume 'Andhagan' shoot in Chennai\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210708094807/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prashanth-and-simran-resume-andhagan-shoot-in-chennai/articleshow/84201793.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Amitabh Bachchan & Prashanth வச்சி ஒரு படம் பண்ணப்போறேன், Story இதான்! – Thiagarajan – Prashanth [We are going to make a film starring Amitabh Bachchan and Prashanth, this is the story! – Thiagarajan – Prashanth] (in Tamil). Cinema Vikatan. 19 March 2022. From 15:50 to 16:05. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via YouTube.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnmG2pM9oow","url_text":"Amitabh Bachchan & Prashanth வச்சி ஒரு படம் பண்ணப்போறேன், Story இதான்! – Thiagarajan – Prashanth"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananda_Vikatan","url_text":"Cinema Vikatan"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220407225540/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnmG2pM9oow&t=960s","url_text":"Archived"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"}]},{"reference":"Lakshmi, V (12 April 2021). \"When Samuthirakani interrogated Prashanth & Simran for a crime\". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/when-samuthirakani-interrogated-prashanth-simran-for-a-crime/articleshow/82017876.cms","url_text":"\"When Samuthirakani interrogated Prashanth & Simran for a crime\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://archive.today/20210412050526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/when-samuthirakani-interrogated-prashanth-simran-for-a-crime/articleshow/82017876.cms?from=mdr","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Suganth, M (16 August 2019). \"Not Dhanush or Siddharth, it's now Prashanth in Andhadhun remake\". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/not-dhanush-or-siddharth-its-now-prashanth-in-andhadhun-remake/articleshow/70689988.cms","url_text":"\"Not Dhanush or Siddharth, it's now Prashanth in Andhadhun remake\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101142313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/not-dhanush-or-siddharth-its-now-prashanth-in-andhadhun-remake/articleshow/70689988.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Sekar, Raja (23 August 2019). \"Andhadhun Tamil remake: Producer Thiagarajan on casting his son Prasanth in Ayushmann Khurrana's role\". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-tamil-remake-producer-thiagarajan-on-casting-his-son-prasanth-in-ayushmann-khurranas-role-7211621.html","url_text":"\"Andhadhun Tamil remake: Producer Thiagarajan on casting his son Prasanth in Ayushmann Khurrana's role\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firstpost","url_text":"Firstpost"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101142316/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/andhadhun-tamil-remake-producer-thiagarajan-on-casting-his-son-prasanth-in-ayushmann-khurranas-role-7211621.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Prashanth's Tamil remake of 'Andhadhun' has been titled 'Andhagan'\". The Hindu. 1 January 2021. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/prashanths-tamil-remake-of-andhadhun-has-been-titled-andhagan/article33472654.ece","url_text":"\"Prashanth's Tamil remake of 'Andhadhun' has been titled 'Andhagan'\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hindu","url_text":"The Hindu"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101121107/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/prashanths-tamil-remake-of-andhadhun-has-been-titled-andhagan/article33472654.ece","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Gautham Menon to direct Prashanth in Tamil remake of Andhadhun?\". India Today. 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/gautham-menon-to-direct-prashanth-in-tamil-remake-of-andhadhun-1592936-2019-08-29","url_text":"\"Gautham Menon to direct Prashanth in Tamil remake of Andhadhun?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Today","url_text":"India Today"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210111165746/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/gautham-menon-to-direct-prashanth-in-tamil-remake-of-andhadhun-1592936-2019-08-29","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Balachandran, Logesh (30 August 2019). \"Gautham Menon likely to direct the Tamil remake of Andhadhun\". DT Next. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210327184439/https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2019/08/30033440/1174375/Gautham-Menon-likely-to-direct-the-Tamil-remake-of-.vpf","url_text":"\"Gautham Menon likely to direct the Tamil remake of Andhadhun\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DT_Next","url_text":"DT Next"},{"url":"https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2019/08/30033440/1174375/Gautham-Menon-likely-to-direct-the-Tamil-remake-of-.vpf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Kumar, Karthik (22 January 2020). \"Mohan Raja to direct Andhadhun Tamil remake with Prashanth as the lead\". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mohan-raja-to-direct-andhadhun-tamil-remake-with-prashanth-as-the-lead/story-pUx45gDzj3GmyflS7JtTDN.html","url_text":"\"Mohan Raja to direct Andhadhun Tamil remake with Prashanth as the lead\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Times","url_text":"Hindustan Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101142242/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mohan-raja-to-direct-andhadhun-tamil-remake-with-prashanth-as-the-lead/story-pUx45gDzj3GmyflS7JtTDN.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Mohan Raja opts out of 'Andhadhun' remake!\". Sify. 13 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101142243/https://www.sify.com/movies/mohan-raja-opts-out-of-andhadhun-remake-news-tamil-uknngyejhbged.html","url_text":"\"Mohan Raja opts out of 'Andhadhun' remake!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sify","url_text":"Sify"},{"url":"https://www.sify.com/movies/mohan-raja-opts-out-of-andhadhun-remake-news-tamil-uknngyejhbged.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"'Ponmagal Vandhal' director on board to helm 'Andhadhun' Tamil remake\". The News Minute. 14 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ponmagal-vandhal-director-board-helm-andhadhun-tamil-remake-135353","url_text":"\"'Ponmagal Vandhal' director on board to helm 'Andhadhun' Tamil remake\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News_Minute","url_text":"The News Minute"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101142307/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ponmagal-vandhal-director-board-helm-andhadhun-tamil-remake-135353","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Riaz K Ahmed [@RIAZtheboss] (8 April 2021). \".@thondankani joins #StaarMovies Production @actorprashanth *ing @actorthiagaraja Dir #Andhagan\" (Tweet) – via Twitter.","urls":[{"url":"https://x.com/RIAZtheboss/status/1380052534367289345","url_text":"\".@thondankani joins #StaarMovies Production @actorprashanth *ing @actorthiagaraja Dir #Andhagan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)","url_text":"Tweet"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter","url_text":"Twitter"}]},{"reference":"Lakshmi, V (18 March 2021). \"Priya Anand on Andhagan: The character will have my own interpretation\". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/priya-anand-on-andhagan-the-character-will-have-my-own-interpretation/articleshow/81571424.cms","url_text":"\"Priya Anand on Andhagan: The character will have my own interpretation\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210323090805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/priya-anand-on-andhagan-the-character-will-have-my-own-interpretation/articleshow/81571424.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Sangeetha, P (19 February 2022). \"Prashanth's Andhadhun remake will have a few additional twists\". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prashanths-andhadhun-remake-will-have-a-few-additional-twists/articleshow/89664312.cms","url_text":"\"Prashanth's Andhadhun remake will have a few additional twists\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220219035025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prashanths-andhadhun-remake-will-have-a-few-additional-twists/articleshow/89664312.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Kumar, Karthik (24 April 2020). \"Tabu likely to reprise her own role in Andhadhun Tamil remake\". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tabu-likely-to-reprise-her-own-role-in-andhadhun-tamil-remake/story-7efb7nkWOxwMaqn4gzrLMN.html","url_text":"\"Tabu likely to reprise her own role in Andhadhun Tamil remake\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Times","url_text":"Hindustan Times"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210101142419/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mohanlal-s-drishyam-2-to-release-on-amazon-prime-watch-teaser/story-SFIYvGOmVzbUuE3of2T4ZI.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Ramya for Tabu's role in Andhadhun remake?\". DT Next. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210327184412/https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2020/01/26021402/1211401/Ramya-for-Tabus-role-in-Andhadhun-remake.vpf","url_text":"\"Ramya for Tabu's role in Andhadhun remake?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DT_Next","url_text":"DT Next"},{"url":"https://www.dtnext.in/News/Cinema/2020/01/26021402/1211401/Ramya-for-Tabus-role-in-Andhadhun-remake.vpf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Lakshmi, V (25 August 2020). \"Karthik, Yogi Babu in Andhadhun remake\". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthik-yogi-babu-in-andhadhun-remake/articleshow/77729720.cms","url_text":"\"Karthik, Yogi Babu in Andhadhun remake\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210103150810/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthik-yogi-babu-in-andhadhun-remake/articleshow/77729720.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Navarasa Nayagan Karthik hospitalized again!\". Sify. 7 April 2021. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. 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Retrieved 8 March 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/mar/07/en-kadhal-the-first-single-from-prashanths-andhagan-the-pianist-out-30134.html","url_text":"\"En Kadhal, the first single from Prashanth's Andhagan The Pianist out\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_Express","url_text":"Cinema Express"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220307134708/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/mar/07/en-kadhal-the-first-single-from-prashanths-andhagan-the-pianist-out-30134.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Yosichi Yosichi from Prashanth's Andhagan is a peppy number\". OTTPlay. 26 May 2022. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ottplay.com/news/yosichi-yosichi-from-prashanths-andhagan-is-a-peppy-number/f521bc9381669","url_text":"\"Yosichi Yosichi from Prashanth's Andhagan is a peppy number\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OTTPlay","url_text":"OTTPlay"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220526124509/https://www.ottplay.com/news/yosichi-yosichi-from-prashanths-andhagan-is-a-peppy-number/f521bc9381669","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"WATCH: பிரஷாந்த்தின் 'அந்தகன்' படத்திலிருந்து 'கண்ணிலே' மியூசிக் வீடியோ இதோ\". News18 (in Tamil). 23 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. 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Retrieved 4 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/01/prabhudheva-anirudh-vijay-sethupathi-unite-for-prashanths-andhagan-36138.html","url_text":"\"Prabhudheva, Anirudh, Vijay Sethupathi unite for Prashanth's Andhagan\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_Express","url_text":"Cinema Express"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221104021048/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/01/prabhudheva-anirudh-vijay-sethupathi-unite-for-prashanths-andhagan-36138.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Producer Kalaipuli S Thanu reveals 'Andhagan' will be released in theatres\". The Times of India. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/producer-kalaipuli-s-thanu-reveals-andhagan-will-be-released-in-theatres/articleshow/89963873.cms","url_text":"\"Producer Kalaipuli S Thanu reveals 'Andhagan' will be released in theatres\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India","url_text":"The Times of India"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220306051226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/producer-kalaipuli-s-thanu-reveals-andhagan-will-be-released-in-theatres/articleshow/89963873.cms","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Andhagan Movie Delay | அந்தகன் படமும்..வாழ்த்து அட்டை ரகசியமும்! | Actor Prashanth | Sun News (in Tamil). Sun News. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023 – via YouTube.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bY4l7598qU","url_text":"Andhagan Movie Delay | அந்தகன் படமும்..வாழ்த்து அட்டை ரகசியமும்! | Actor Prashanth | Sun News"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_News_(Indian_TV_channel)","url_text":"Sun News"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230317115536/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bY4l7598qU","url_text":"Archived"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube","url_text":"YouTube"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Year_of_Tenure
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High Year of Tenure
|
["1 History","2 HYT dates","3 See also","4 References"]
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Maximum number of years an enlisted member may serve in the United States Armed Forces
High Year Tenure (HYT) is a term used by the United States Armed Forces to describe the maximum number of years enlisted members may serve at a given rank without achieving promotion, after which they must separate or retire. HYT is applicable to enlisted personnel of all six military branches of the United States.
Officers are not subject to HYT, but are instead limited to statutory service limits by pay grade. See Defense Officer Personnel Management Act for officer information.
In the United States Army, soldiers will finish their enlistment contract if they exceed HYT or RCP (retention control point), unless they are reduced in rank.
History
In January 2010, the Air Force returned HYT limits to pre-2003 levels.
On 1 August 2017, the Navy extended the HYT for active component sailors to 10 years from 8 years for third class petty officers, to 16 years from 14 years for second class petty officers, and to 22 years from 20 years for first class petty officers.
On 14 December 2017, the Navy announced that it will extend the HYT for seamen from its current five to six years on 1 February 2018.
On 1 February 2019, the Air Force increased the HYT for E-4 through E-6.
On 3 October 2022, the Coast Guard suspended HYT for enlisted active duty members until 1 January 2025.
On 22 December 2022, the Navy suspended HYT until 30 September 2024.
In December 2023, the Air Force did not increase HYT generally, but only for those with a HYT date between Dec 2023 and Sept 2024, which affected less than 2,000 people.
HYT dates
Extensions to the HYT date can be obtained for various reasons such as personal hardships or base closures. HYT dates vary by rank/rate, as follows:
Pay grade
Army
Army(promotable )
Marine Corps(active)
Marine Corps(reserves)
Navy(active)
Navy(reserves)
Air Force
Space Force
Coast Guard(active)
Coast Guard(reserve)
E-1
5
N/A
N/A
4
6
8
8
N/A
N/A
E-2
5
N/A
N/A
4
6
8
8
N/A
N/A
E-3
5
N/A
N/A
6
10
8
8
10
10
E-4
8
8
8
10
12
10
10
10
10
E-5
14
14
12
16
20
20
20
16
22
E-6
20
20
20
22
22
22
22
20
24
E-7
24
26
22
24
24
24
24
24
26
E-8
26
30
27
26
26
26
26
26
28
E-9
30
N/A
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
^ First Sergeant/Master Sergeant (promotable) has a HYT of 30 years.
^ Command sergeants major (CSMs) and sergeants major (SGMs) (at Headquarters, Department of the Army and Army Commands) serving in nominative positions where the CSM/SGM is rated by a general officer, member of the Senior Executive Service, or equivalent, or is serving as CSM at the U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy or as Executive Officer to the Sergeant Major of the Army are authorized to serve beyond 30 years total active service while serving in the position. The Vice Chief of Staff of the Army must approve exceptions for operational reasons.
^ CMDCM/FORCM (9580) selected for a 1- or 2-star flag/general officer assignment to complete a 3-year tour of duty. CMDCM/FORCM/FLTCM (9580) selected for a 3- or 4-star flag/general officer assignment to complete a 3-year tour of duty. CMDCM/FORCM/FLTCM (9580) selected to serve as the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) to complete a 4-year tour of duty. Are authorized to serve beyond 30 years total active service while serving in the position.
See also
Up or out, a similar private-sector concept
References
^ "Air Force Handbook 1, Airman" (PDF). United States Air Force. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
^ Understand High Year Tenure to Maximize Your Career, Story Number: NNS120326-07, 3/26/2012, Navy Personnel Command Public Affairs
^ a b c "Army Directive 2016-19 (Retaining a Quality Noncommissioned Officer Corps)" (PDF). United States Army. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
^ "AF returns enlisted high year of tenure to standards". Joint Base Charleston. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
^ Chief of Naval Personnel Public Affairs (22 June 2017). "Navy Announces New High Year Tenure Policy for E-4 through E-6". Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ a b Chief of Naval Personnel Public Affairs (14 December 2017). "Navy Extends E-3 High Year Tenure". United States Navy. United States Department of the Navy. Retrieved 15 December 2017. As part of ongoing reviews of policies that impact Fleet readiness, the Navy announced it is increasing its high year tenure (HYT) policy for active component and Full Time Support (FTS) E-3 Sailors by one year in NAVADMIN 290/17, Dec. 14. This change will retain experienced Sailors needed for both shore and sea duty as the Navy increases manpower to meet mission requirements and operational tasking. The updated policy sets the maximum length of service (LOS) by pay grade, and will go into effect Feb. 1, 2018, increasing E-3 HYT to six years from the current five years of service. In 2018, 1,280 E-3 Sailors will reach HYT under the current policy, and will now have an opportunity to continue naval service. Increasing HYT also provides these E-3 Sailors two more opportunities to advance. HYT for all other active duty, FTS and Selected Reserve enlisted Sailors pay grades remain unchanged. Sailors in receipt of or have pending HYT separation orders before to Feb. 1, 2018, who wish to remain in the Navy, may request cancellation of those orders by referencing the new HYT policy no later than Jan. 31, 2018. Advancement-eligible Sailors who decide to continue their service in the Navy can take the March, cycle 239, Navy-wide petty officer advancement exam. The Navy will continue to offer HYT waivers for enlisted Sailors who volunteer for sea duty on a case-by-case basis.
^ "Suspension of High Year Tenure (HYT)". 3 October 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ "Navy Pilot Program Temporarily Suspends High-Year Tenure for Enlisted Sailors". United States Naval Institute News. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
^ "MARADMIN 408/19". United States Marine Corps. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ a b "MILPERSMAN 1160-120" (PDF). 8 May 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ "Service Retirements" (PDF). United States Air Force. 23 February 2021. p. 21. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/dafi36-3211/dafi36-3211.pdf
^ "Military Separations" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. 9 December 2019. p. 3-3. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ "Reserve Policy Manual" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. 4 February 2021. p. 8-4. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
This United States military article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States Armed Forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces"},{"link_name":"separate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_(United_States_military)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Defense Officer Personnel Management Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Officer_Personnel_Management_Act"},{"link_name":"United States Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36-31109-3"}],"text":"High Year Tenure (HYT) is a term used by the United States Armed Forces to describe the maximum number of years enlisted members may serve at a given rank without achieving promotion, after which they must separate or retire.[1] HYT is applicable to enlisted personnel of all six military branches of the United States.Officers are not subject to HYT, but are instead limited to statutory service limits by pay grade.[2] See Defense Officer Personnel Management Act for officer information.In the United States Army, soldiers will finish their enlistment contract if they exceed HYT or RCP (retention control point), unless they are reduced in rank.[3]","title":"High Year of Tenure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-E3increase-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"text":"In January 2010, the Air Force returned HYT limits to pre-2003 levels.[4]On 1 August 2017, the Navy extended the HYT for active component sailors to 10 years from 8 years for third class petty officers, to 16 years from 14 years for second class petty officers, and to 22 years from 20 years for first class petty officers.[5]On 14 December 2017, the Navy announced that it will extend the HYT for seamen from its current five to six years on 1 February 2018.[6]On 1 February 2019, the Air Force increased the HYT for E-4 through E-6.On 3 October 2022, the Coast Guard suspended HYT for enlisted active duty members until 1 January 2025.[7]On 22 December 2022, the Navy suspended HYT until 30 September 2024.[8]In December 2023, the Air Force did not increase HYT generally, but only for those with a HYT date between Dec 2023 and Sept 2024, which affected less than 2,000 people.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-17"}],"text":"Extensions to the HYT date can be obtained for various reasons such as personal hardships or base closures. HYT dates vary by rank/rate, as follows:^ First Sergeant/Master Sergeant (promotable) has a HYT of 30 years.\n\n^ Command sergeants major (CSMs) and sergeants major (SGMs) (at Headquarters, Department of the Army and Army Commands) serving in nominative positions where the CSM/SGM is rated by a general officer, member of the Senior Executive Service, or equivalent, or is serving as CSM at the U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy or as Executive Officer to the Sergeant Major of the Army are authorized to serve beyond 30 years total active service while serving in the position. The Vice Chief of Staff of the Army must approve exceptions for operational reasons.\n\n^ CMDCM/FORCM (9580) selected for a 1- or 2-star flag/general officer assignment to complete a 3-year tour of duty. CMDCM/FORCM/FLTCM (9580) selected for a 3- or 4-star flag/general officer assignment to complete a 3-year tour of duty. CMDCM/FORCM/FLTCM (9580) selected to serve as the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (MCPON) to complete a 4-year tour of duty. Are authorized to serve beyond 30 years total active service while serving in the position.","title":"HYT dates"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Up or out","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_or_out"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Air Force Handbook 1, Airman\" (PDF). United States Air Force. 1 November 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/afh1/afh1.pdf","url_text":"\"Air Force Handbook 1, Airman\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force","url_text":"United States Air Force"}]},{"reference":"\"Army Directive 2016-19 (Retaining a Quality Noncommissioned Officer Corps)\" (PDF). United States Army. Retrieved 8 July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/437324.pdf","url_text":"\"Army Directive 2016-19 (Retaining a Quality Noncommissioned Officer Corps)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army","url_text":"United States Army"}]},{"reference":"\"AF returns enlisted high year of tenure to standards\". Joint Base Charleston. Retrieved 5 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.jbcharleston.jb.mil/News/Article/235637/af-returns-enlisted-high-year-of-tenure-to-standards/","url_text":"\"AF returns enlisted high year of tenure to standards\""}]},{"reference":"Chief of Naval Personnel Public Affairs (22 June 2017). \"Navy Announces New High Year Tenure Policy for E-4 through E-6\". Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/1225770/navy-announces-new-high-year-tenure-policy-for-e-4-through-e-6/","url_text":"\"Navy Announces New High Year Tenure Policy for E-4 through E-6\""}]},{"reference":"Chief of Naval Personnel Public Affairs (14 December 2017). \"Navy Extends E-3 High Year Tenure\". United States Navy. United States Department of the Navy. Retrieved 15 December 2017. As part of ongoing reviews of policies that impact Fleet readiness, the Navy announced it is increasing its high year tenure (HYT) policy for active component and Full Time Support (FTS) E-3 Sailors by one year in NAVADMIN 290/17, Dec. 14. This change will retain experienced Sailors needed for both shore and sea duty as the Navy increases manpower to meet mission requirements and operational tasking. The updated policy sets the maximum length of service (LOS) by pay grade, and will go into effect Feb. 1, 2018, increasing E-3 HYT to six years from the current five years of service. In 2018, 1,280 E-3 Sailors will reach HYT under the current policy, and will now have an opportunity to continue naval service. Increasing HYT also provides these E-3 Sailors two more opportunities to advance. HYT for all other active duty, FTS and Selected Reserve enlisted Sailors pay grades remain unchanged. Sailors in receipt of or have pending HYT separation orders before to Feb. 1, 2018, who wish to remain in the Navy, may request cancellation of those orders by referencing the new HYT policy no later than Jan. 31, 2018. Advancement-eligible Sailors who decide to continue their service in the Navy can take the March, cycle 239, Navy-wide petty officer advancement exam. The Navy will continue to offer HYT waivers for enlisted Sailors who volunteer for sea duty on a case-by-case basis.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=103782","url_text":"\"Navy Extends E-3 High Year Tenure\""}]},{"reference":"\"Suspension of High Year Tenure (HYT)\". 3 October 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/ppc/news/Article/3177471/suspension-of-high-year-tenure-hyt/","url_text":"\"Suspension of High Year Tenure (HYT)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Navy Pilot Program Temporarily Suspends High-Year Tenure for Enlisted Sailors\". United States Naval Institute News. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.usni.org/2022/12/22/navy-pilot-program-temporarily-suspends-high-year-tenure-for-enlisted-sailors","url_text":"\"Navy Pilot Program Temporarily Suspends High-Year Tenure for Enlisted Sailors\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute","url_text":"United States Naval Institute"}]},{"reference":"\"MARADMIN 408/19\". United States Marine Corps. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.marines.mil/News/Messages/Messages-Display/Article/1913367/enlisted-active-duty-service-limits-and-high-year-tenure/","url_text":"\"MARADMIN 408/19\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps","url_text":"United States Marine Corps"}]},{"reference":"\"MILPERSMAN 1160-120\" (PDF). 8 May 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Reference/MILPERSMAN/1000/1100Recruiting/1160-120.pdf","url_text":"\"MILPERSMAN 1160-120\""}]},{"reference":"\"Service Retirements\" (PDF). United States Air Force. 23 February 2021. p. 21. Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/afi36-3203/afi36-3203.pdf","url_text":"\"Service Retirements\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force","url_text":"United States Air Force"}]},{"reference":"\"Military Separations\" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. 9 December 2019. p. 3-3. Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://media.defense.gov/2019/Dec/09/2002222065/-1/-1/0/CIM_1000_4.PDF","url_text":"\"Military Separations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard","url_text":"United States Coast Guard"}]},{"reference":"\"Reserve Policy Manual\" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. 4 February 2021. p. 8-4. Retrieved 5 December 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/09/2002579382/-1/-1/0/CIM_1001_28D.PDF","url_text":"\"Reserve Policy Manual\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard","url_text":"United States Coast Guard"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/afh1/afh1.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Air Force Handbook 1, Airman\""},{"Link":"http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=66091","external_links_name":"Understand High Year Tenure to Maximize Your Career"},{"Link":"https://api.army.mil/e2/c/downloads/437324.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Army Directive 2016-19 (Retaining a Quality Noncommissioned Officer Corps)\""},{"Link":"https://www.jbcharleston.jb.mil/News/Article/235637/af-returns-enlisted-high-year-of-tenure-to-standards/","external_links_name":"\"AF returns enlisted high year of tenure to standards\""},{"Link":"https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/1225770/navy-announces-new-high-year-tenure-policy-for-e-4-through-e-6/","external_links_name":"\"Navy Announces New High Year Tenure Policy for E-4 through E-6\""},{"Link":"http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=103782","external_links_name":"\"Navy Extends E-3 High Year Tenure\""},{"Link":"https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/ppc/news/Article/3177471/suspension-of-high-year-tenure-hyt/","external_links_name":"\"Suspension of High Year Tenure (HYT)\""},{"Link":"https://news.usni.org/2022/12/22/navy-pilot-program-temporarily-suspends-high-year-tenure-for-enlisted-sailors","external_links_name":"\"Navy Pilot Program Temporarily Suspends High-Year Tenure for Enlisted Sailors\""},{"Link":"https://www.marines.mil/News/Messages/Messages-Display/Article/1913367/enlisted-active-duty-service-limits-and-high-year-tenure/","external_links_name":"\"MARADMIN 408/19\""},{"Link":"https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Reference/MILPERSMAN/1000/1100Recruiting/1160-120.pdf","external_links_name":"\"MILPERSMAN 1160-120\""},{"Link":"https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/afi36-3203/afi36-3203.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Service Retirements\""},{"Link":"https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/dafi36-3211/dafi36-3211.pdf","external_links_name":"https://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a1/publication/dafi36-3211/dafi36-3211.pdf"},{"Link":"https://media.defense.gov/2019/Dec/09/2002222065/-1/-1/0/CIM_1000_4.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Military Separations\""},{"Link":"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Feb/09/2002579382/-1/-1/0/CIM_1001_28D.PDF","external_links_name":"\"Reserve Policy Manual\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Year_of_Tenure&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_Transbordador
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Puente Transbordador
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["1 History","2 Gallery","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 34°38′18″S 58°21′23″W / 34.638319°S 58.356312°W / -34.638319; -58.356312Bridge in Buenos Aires, ArgentinaPuente TransbordadorThe bridge in 2018.Coordinates34°38′18″S 58°21′23″W / 34.63847°S 58.35625°W / -34.63847; -58.35625CarriesPedestrians, carts, cars and tramsCrossesRiachuelo RiverLocaleBuenos Aires, ArgentinaOfficial nameTransbordador del Riachuelo Nicolás AvellanedaNamed forNicolás AvellanedaHeritage statusNational Historic Monument of ArgentinaCharacteristicsDesignTrussHistoryConstruction start25 September 1908Opened31 May 1914Location
Puente Transbordador (also known as Buenos Aires Transporter Bridge, Puente Transbordador de La Boca Puente Transbordador Nicolás Avellaneda, Antiguo Puente Nicolás Avellaneda or Transbordador del Riachuelo ) is a transporter bridge in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The bridge was in use from its completion in 1914 until 1960, when operation ceased until 2017. Since 1999 the bridge is a National Historic Monument of Argentina.
The transporter bridge was the first link to connect Buenos Aires with the outskirts on the other side of the Riachuelo River. The bridge links the Avenida La Plata in the neighbourhood Island Maciel of Dock Sud with Avenida Almirante Brown in the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires.
The name of the bridge refers to Nicolás Avellaneda, a former president of Argentina, who also gave the name to the Avellaneda Partido on the right bank of the river.
The platform of the transporter bridge measured 8 by 12 metres and could be operated from a control stand on itself or from the machine house. It was designed to carry pedestrians, carts, cars and trams.
History
On September 25, 1908 the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway was authorised to build a transporter bridge uniting the city of Buenos Aires with Buenos Aires Province south of the Riachuelo River. Buenos Aires Province bore all the costs of the bridge despite it also serving the Argentinian capital.
The transporter bridge was inaugurated May 31, 1914 and operated until 1960. The Puente Nicolás Avellaneda road bridge (just 100 metres away), was constructed in 1940.
In 1997, plans were announced to restore the bridge at a cost of US$1.2 million. The bridge was slated to resume operation on Thursday 28 September 2017.
In September 2017, the bridge was finally restored and reopened to the public for the first time in 57 years.
Gallery
Bridge under construction, 1913.
Gondola carrying passengers and cars, 1932.
View from Vuelta de Rocha, 1936.
People boarding, 1936.
Bridge operating in 1951.
The Nuevo Puente Pueyrredón behind the Transbordador, 2011.
The bridge at night, 2007.
The restored bridge, 2017
References
^ a b Buenos Aires, Gobierno de la Ciudad: Transbordador del Riachuelo, visited 2009-06-14
^ Todos Buenos Aires: Puente Transbordador de La Boca, visited 2009-06-14
^ a b Clarin.com, 1997-11-29: Restaurarán el puente Nicolás Avellaneda
^ Clarin.com, 2017-09-25: El Transbordador del Puente de La Boca vuelve a funcionar con un viaje para los vecinos
^ "Tras 60 años de inactividad, volverá a funcionar el Puente Transbordador de la Boca".
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transbordador Nicolás Avellaneda.
Buenos Aires Transporter Bridge at Structurae
Puente Transbordador de La Boca in Todos Buenos Aires (in Spanish)
Transbordador del Riachuelo on the official site of Buenos Aires Government (in Spanish)
Puente Transbordador de La Boca historical photos (in Spanish)
Authority control databases: Geographic
Structurae
34°38′18″S 58°21′23″W / 34.638319°S 58.356312°W / -34.638319; -58.356312
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The bridge was in use from its completion in 1914 until 1960, when operation ceased until 2017. Since 1999 the bridge is a National Historic Monument of Argentina.The transporter bridge was the first link to connect Buenos Aires with the outskirts on the other side of the Riachuelo River. The bridge links the Avenida La Plata in the neighbourhood Island Maciel of Dock Sud with Avenida Almirante Brown in the La Boca neighbourhood of Buenos Aires.The name of the bridge refers to Nicolás Avellaneda, a former president of Argentina, who also gave the name to the Avellaneda Partido on the right bank of the river.The platform of the transporter bridge measured 8 by 12 metres and could be operated from a control stand on itself or from the machine house. It was designed to carry pedestrians, carts, cars and trams.","title":"Puente Transbordador"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Great_Southern_Railway"},{"link_name":"Buenos Aires Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province"},{"link_name":"Riachuelo River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matanza_River"},{"link_name":"Puente Nicolás Avellaneda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-clarin_restoration-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-clarin_resumption-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"On September 25, 1908 the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway was authorised to build a transporter bridge uniting the city of Buenos Aires with Buenos Aires Province south of the Riachuelo River. Buenos Aires Province bore all the costs of the bridge despite it also serving the Argentinian capital.The transporter bridge was inaugurated May 31, 1914 and operated until 1960. The Puente Nicolás Avellaneda road bridge (just 100 metres away), was constructed in 1940.In 1997, plans were announced to restore the bridge at a cost of US$1.2 million.[3] The bridge was slated to resume operation on Thursday 28 September 2017.[4]In September 2017, the bridge was finally restored and reopened to the public for the first time in 57 years.[5]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Construcc_puente_avellaneda.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_-_Puente_Transbordador_Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda_en_1932.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horacio_Coppola_-_Buenos_Aires_1936_-_Riachuelo_desde_la_Vuelta_de_Rocha.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Horacio_Coppola_-_Buenos_Aires_1936_-_Transbordador_Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Puente_avellaneda_1951.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transbordador_Avellaneda_Pueyrred%C3%B3n.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buenos_Aires_-_La_Boca_-_Transbordador_Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda_-_20071225a.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Transbordador_Nicol%C3%A1s_Avellaneda.jpg"}],"text":"Bridge under construction, 1913.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGondola carrying passengers and cars, 1932.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tView from Vuelta de Rocha, 1936.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPeople boarding, 1936.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tBridge operating in 1951.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe Nuevo Puente Pueyrredón behind the Transbordador, 2011.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe bridge at night, 2007.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tThe restored bridge, 2017","title":"Gallery"}]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennai_Vazha_Vidungal
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Pennai Vazha Vidungal
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["1 Plot","2 Cast","3 Production","4 Soundtrack","5 Release and reception","6 References","7 Bibliography","8 External links"]
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1969 film by R. Devarajan
Pennai Vazha VidungalPosterDirected byR. DevarajanProduced byM. KarnanStarringJaishankarK. R. VijayaCinematographyM. KarnanEdited byR. DevarajanMusic byS. M. Subbaiah NaiduProductioncompanyVijaya Chithra FilmsRelease date
1 August 1969 (1969-08-01)
CountryIndiaLanguageTamil
Pennai Vazha Vidungal (transl. Let the woman live) is a 1969 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and edited by R. Devarajan, and produced by M. Karnan who also handled the cinematography. It was released on 1 August 1969, and emerged a commercial success.
Plot
This article needs an improved plot summary. Please help improve the plot summary. (July 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The film revolves around the change of heart of a wayward husband due to his submissive but just wife who, as a lawyer, fights for the rights of her own bigamous husband's other wife who has been deceived and maligned due to his promiscuity. The other woman eventually dies, thereby allowing the family to remain intact.
Cast
Jaishankar as Anand
K. R. Vijaya Amudha
Sheela as Shanathi
Nagesh as Natarajan
M. R. R. Vasu as Vasu
V. K. Ramasamy as Singarapillai
S. V. Sahasranamam
V. S. Raghavan
M. S. Sundari Bai
O. A. K. Thevar
Shylashri as Shyla
Vijayachandrika as Parvathi
Ramamoorthy as Nagarajan
Karikol Raju as Chithambaram
Production
Pennai Vazha Vidungal, made under the Vijaya Chithra Films banner, is the inaugural production of M. Karnan who also handled the cinematography. The film was directed by R. Devarajan who also handled the editing.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, and the lyrics were written by Kannadasan.
Track listingNo.TitleSinger(s)Length1."Nenje Unakkoru Virunthu"P. Susheela, T. M. Soundararajan 2."Madhu Iranga"T. M. Soundararajan, Kusala 3."Samaiyalukkum Maiyalukkum"P. Susheela, T. M. Soundararajan 4."Azhagile"L. R. Eswari
Release and reception
Pennai Vazha Vidungal was released on 1 August 1969, and emerged a commercial success. The Indian Express wrote, "The movie has many an interesting melodramatic moment."
References
^ Pillai 2015, p. 167.
^ a b c Pennai Vazha Vidungal (motion picture) (in Tamil). Vijaya Chithra Films. 1969. Opening credits, from 0:00 to 2:32.
^ Pillai 2015, p. 165.
^ "Pennai Vazha Vidungal". ECRATER. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
^ Pillai 2015, p. 166.
^ Pillai 2015, p. 168.
^ "Credits to writer". The Indian Express. 2 August 1969. p. 5. Retrieved 11 February 2021 – via Google News Archive.
Bibliography
Pillai, Swarnavel Eswaran (24 April 2015). "Tamil B Movie Westerns: The Global South and Genre Subversion". The Western in the Global South. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-73113-1.
External links
Pennai Vazha Vidungal at IMDb
|
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Sundari Bai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._S._Sundari_Bai"},{"link_name":"O. A. K. Thevar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O._A._K._Thevar"},{"link_name":"Shylashri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shylashri"},{"link_name":"Karikol Raju","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karikol_Raju"}],"text":"Jaishankar as Anand [2]\nK. R. Vijaya Amudha[2]\nSheela as Shanathi\nNagesh as Natarajan\nM. R. R. Vasu as Vasu\nV. K. Ramasamy as Singarapillai\nS. V. Sahasranamam\nV. S. Raghavan\nM. S. Sundari Bai\nO. A. K. Thevar\nShylashri as Shyla\nVijayachandrika as Parvathi\nRamamoorthy as Nagarajan\nKarikol Raju as Chithambaram","title":"Cast"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-movie-2"},{"link_name":"M. Karnan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Karnan"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPillai2015165-3"}],"text":"Pennai Vazha Vidungal, made under the Vijaya Chithra Films banner,[2] is the inaugural production of M. Karnan who also handled the cinematography. The film was directed by R. Devarajan who also handled the editing.[3]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"S. M. Subbaiah Naidu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._M._Subbaiah_Naidu"},{"link_name":"Kannadasan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannadasan"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"P. Susheela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._Susheela"},{"link_name":"T. M. Soundararajan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._M._Soundararajan"},{"link_name":"L. R. Eswari","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._R._Eswari"}],"text":"The soundtrack was composed by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, and the lyrics were written by Kannadasan.[4]Track listingNo.TitleSinger(s)Length1.\"Nenje Unakkoru Virunthu\"P. Susheela, T. M. Soundararajan 2.\"Madhu Iranga\"T. M. Soundararajan, Kusala 3.\"Samaiyalukkum Maiyalukkum\"P. Susheela, T. M. Soundararajan 4.\"Azhagile\"L. R. Eswari","title":"Soundtrack"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPillai2015166-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPillai2015168-6"},{"link_name":"The Indian Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indian_Express"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Pennai Vazha Vidungal was released on 1 August 1969, and emerged a commercial success.[5][6] The Indian Express wrote, \"The movie has many an interesting melodramatic moment.\"[7]","title":"Release and reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Tamil B Movie Westerns: The Global South and Genre Subversion\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=GGKhCAAAQBAJ&q=%22Kaalam+Vellum%22&pg=PA167"},{"link_name":"Routledge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-1-315-73113-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-73113-1"}],"text":"Pillai, Swarnavel Eswaran (24 April 2015). \"Tamil B Movie Westerns: The Global South and Genre Subversion\". The Western in the Global South. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-73113-1.","title":"Bibliography"}]
|
[]
| null |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llandovery_Epoch
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Llandovery Epoch
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["1 Beginning of Silurian","1.1 GSSP","2 Subdivisions","2.1 Regional stages","3 Palaeontology","3.1 Plants","3.2 Land animals","4 Reef expansion","5 Ireviken event","5.1 Anatomy of the event","5.2 Casualties","5.3 Geochemistry","6 References"]
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First Series of the Silurian
Llandovery443.8 ± 1.5 – 433.4 ± 0.8 Ma
PreꞒ
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Chronology−444 —–−442 —–−440 —–−438 —–−436 —–−434 —–−432 —–−430 —–−428 —–−426 —–−424 —–−422 —–−420 —–−418 —PaleozoicOSilurianDLate OLlandoveryWenlockLudlowPřídolíEarly DRhuddanianAeronianTelychianSheinwoodianHomerianGorstianLudfordian ←Lau event←Mulde event←Ireviken eventSubdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2021.Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.EtymologyName formalityFormalName ratified1984Usage informationCelestial bodyEarthRegional usageGlobal (ICS)Time scale(s) usedICS Time ScaleDefinitionChronological unitEpochStratigraphic unitSeriesTime span formalityFormalLower boundary definitionFAD of the Graptolite Akidograptus ascensusLower boundary GSSPDob's Linn, Moffat, UK55°26′24″N 3°16′12″W / 55.4400°N 3.2700°W / 55.4400; -3.2700Lower GSSP ratified1984Upper boundary definitionImprecise. Currently placed between acritarch biozone 5 and last appearance of Pterospathodus amorphognathoides. See text for more info.Upper boundary definition candidatesA conodont boundary (Ireviken datum 2) which is close to the murchisoni graptolite biozone.Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s)NoneUpper boundary GSSPHughley Brook, Apedale, UK52°34′52″N 2°38′20″W / 52.5811°N 2.6389°W / 52.5811; -2.6389Upper GSSP ratified1980
In the geological timescale, the Llandovery Epoch (from 443.8 ± 1.5 million years ago to 433.4 ± 0.8 million years ago) occurred at the beginning of the Silurian Period. The Llandoverian Epoch follows the massive Ordovician-Silurian extinction events, which led to a large decrease in biodiversity and an opening up of ecosystems.
Widespread reef building started in this period and continued into the Devonian Period when rising water temperatures are thought to have bleached out the coral by killing their photo symbionts.
The Llandoverian Epoch ended with the Ireviken event which killed off 50% of trilobite species, and 80% of the global conodont species.
Beginning of Silurian
The end of the Ordovician–Silurian extinction event occurred when melting glaciers caused the sea level to rise and eventually stabilize. Biodiversity, with the sustained re-flooding of continental shelves at the onset of the Silurian, rebounded within the surviving orders.
Following the major loss of diversity as the end-Ordovician, Silurian communities were initially less complex and broader niched. Highly endemic faunas, which characterized the Late Ordovician, were replaced by faunas that were amongst the most cosmopolitan in the Phanerozoic, biogeographic patterns that persisted throughout most of the Silurian.
These end Ordovician–Silurian events had nothing like the long-term impact of the Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction events. Nevertheless, a large number of taxa disappeared from the Earth over a short time interval, eliminating and changing diversity.
GSSP
The epoch was named after Llandovery in Wales. The GSSP for the Silurian is located in a section at Dob's Linn (southern Scotland) in an artificial excavation created just north of the Linn Branch Stream. Two lithological units (formations) occur near the boundary. The lower is the Hartfell Shale (48 metres (157 ft) thick), consisting chiefly of pale gray mudstone with subordinate black shales and several interbedded meta-bentonites. Above this is the 43 metres (141 ft) thick Birkhill Shale, which consist predominantly of black graptolitic shale with subordinate gray mudstones and meta-bentonites.
The base was originally defined as the first appearance of the graptolite Akidograptus ascensus at Dob's Linn, but was later discovered to be imprecise. It is currently placed between acritarch biozone 5 and last appearance of Pterospathodus amorphognathoides.
It has been recommended to place the GSSP at a slightly higher and correlatable level on the Ireviken datum 2, which coincides approximately with the base of the murchisoni Graptolite Biozone.
Subdivisions
The Llandovery Epoch is subdivided into three stages: Rhuddanian, Aeronian and Telychian.
Regional stages
In North America a different suite of regional stages is sometimes used:
Ontarian (Early Silurian: late Llandovery)
Alexandrian (Earliest Silurian: early Llandovery)
In Estonia the following suite of regional stages is used:
Adavere stage (Early Silurian: late Llandovery)
Raikküla stage (Early Silurian: middle Llandovery)
Juuru stage (Earliest Silurian: early Llandovery)
Palaeontology
Agnathans of the Llandovery
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images
Jamoytius
Rhuddanian-Telychian
It had an elongated body and a dorsal fin and an anal fin near the back third of its body.
Jamoytius kerwoodi
Cephalopods of the Llandovery
Taxa
Presence
Location
Description
Images
Cameroceras
Dapingian-Homerian
The shallow seas of Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia.
Head was soft muscular tissue at the opening of hard cone-like shell.
Cameroceras, shown feeding on an Aphetoceras, while a quartet of Cyclostomiceras swim by.
Plants
Spores and plant microfossils have been found in China and Pennsylvania. There was some movement to the land during the Llandovery but the earliest known vascular plants (Cooksonia) have only been found in rocks of the middle Silurian.
Land animals
Parioscorpio venator was at first described as the earliest fossil land animal in 2020. It was originally described as the oldest known scorpion (437 million years old), but was later re-described as an enigmatic, marine arthropod.
Reef expansion
Barrier reef systems covered a substantially greater percentage of seafloor than reefs today and they also grew at high latitudes. Possibly the evolution of photo symbionts started in the Llandovery Epoch. Tabulate corals mostly developed as prominent bioherms. Rising water temperatures in the Devonian might have led to bleaching of these corals.
Ireviken event
The Ireviken event was the first of three relatively minor extinction events (the Ireviken, Mulde, and Lau events) during the Silurian Period. The Ireviken overlapped the Llandovery/Wenlock boundary. The event is best recorded at Ireviken, Gotland.
Anatomy of the event
The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the Wenlock Epoch.
It comprises eight extinction "datum points"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 31,000 years, and linked to the Milankovic obliquity cycle. The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka. The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with Milankovic changes.
Casualties
The mechanism responsible for the event originated in the deep oceans, and made its way into the shallower shelf seas. Correspondingly, shallow-water reefs were barely affected, while pelagic and hemipelagic organisms such as the graptolites, conodonts and trilobites were hit hardest. 50% of trilobite species and 80% of the global conodont species become extinct in this interval.
Geochemistry
Subsequent to the first extinctions, excursions in the δ13C and δ18O records are observed; δ13C rises from +1.4‰ to +4.5‰, while δ18O increases from −5.6‰ to −5.0‰.
References
^ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
^ a b c d Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
^ "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
^ Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6: 191. Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..191L. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191.
^ Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System" (PDF). Episodes. 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^ a b c d e "GSSP for the Rhuddanian Stage". International Commission on Stratigraphy.
^ a b c Harper, D. A. T.; Hammarlund, E. U.; Rasmussen, C. M. Ø. (May 2014). "End Ordovician extinctions: A coincidence of causes". Gondwana Research. 25 (4): 1294–1307. Bibcode:2014GondR..25.1294H. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.021.
^ a b c Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. ISBN 9780521786737.
^ "Silurian: Stratigraphy". UCMP Berkeley. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
^ Ogg, James; Ogg, Gabi; Gradstein, Felix (2016). A Concise Geologic Time Scale. ISBN 978-0-444-63771-0.
^ "Silurian Stratigraphy Of Estonia 2015" (PDF). Stratigraafia.info. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
^ Frey, R.C. 1995. "Middle and Upper Ordovician nautiloid cephalopods of the Cincinnati Arch region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey, p.73
^ Wang, Yi; Zhang, Yuandong (2010). "Llandovery sporomorphs and graptolites from the Manbo Formation, the Mojiang County, Yunnan, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 267–275. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0214. PMC 2842664. PMID 19439443.
^ Strother, Paul K.; Traverse, Alfred (1979). "Plant microfossils from Llandoverian and Wenlockian rocks of Pennsylvania". Palynology. 3: 1–21. doi:10.1080/01916122.1979.9989181.
^ Anderson, Evan P; Schiffbauer, James D.; Jacquet, Sarah M.; Lamsdell, James C.; Kluessendorf, Joanne; Mikulic, Donald G. (2021). "Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte". Palaeontology. 64 (3): 429–474. doi:10.1111/pala.12534. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 234812878.
^ Zapalski, Mikołaj K.; Berkowski, Błażej (2019). "The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis". Coral Reefs. 38 (1): 137–147. Bibcode:2019CorRe..38..137Z. doi:10.1007/s00338-018-01761-w.
^ a b c d Jeppsson, L (1997). "The anatomy of the Mid-Early Silurian Ireviken Event and a scenario for P-S events". In Brett, C.E.; Baird, G.C. (eds.). Paleontological Events: Stratigraphic, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 451–492.
vteSilurian PeriodLlandoveryWenlockLudlowPridoli
Rhuddanian
Aeronian
Telychian
Sheinwoodian
Homerian
Gorstian
Ludfordian
vteGeological history of EarthCenozoic Era(present–66.0 Ma)Quaternary (present–2.58 Ma)
Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
Neogene (2.58–23.0 Ma)
Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene (23.0–66.0 Ma)
Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
Mesozoic Era(66.0–252 Ma)Cretaceous (66.0–145 Ma)
Late (66.0–100 Ma)
Early (100–145 Ma)
Jurassic (145–201 Ma)
Late (145–164 Ma)
Middle (164–174 Ma)
Early (174–201 Ma)
Triassic (201–252 Ma)
Late (201–237 Ma)
Middle (237–247 Ma)
Early (247–252 Ma)
Paleozoic Era(252–539 Ma)Permian (252–299 Ma)
Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous (299–359 Ma)
Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian (359–419 Ma)
Late (359–383 Ma)
Middle (383–393 Ma)
Early (393–419 Ma)
Silurian (419–444 Ma)
Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician (444–485 Ma)
Late (444–458 Ma)
Middle (458–470 Ma)
Early (470–485 Ma)
Cambrian (485–539 Ma)
Furongian (485–497 Ma)
Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
Proterozoic Eon(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga)
Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga)
Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Ga)
Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga)
Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga) ka = kiloannum (thousands years ago); Ma = megaannum (millions years ago); Ga = gigaannum (billions years ago). See also: Geologic time scale • Geology portal • World portal
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"geological timescale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_timescale"},{"link_name":"Silurian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian"},{"link_name":"Ordovician-Silurian extinction events","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovician-Silurian_extinction_events"},{"link_name":"biodiversity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity"},{"link_name":"ecosystems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystems"},{"link_name":"reef","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef"},{"link_name":"Devonian Period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonian_Period"},{"link_name":"coral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral"},{"link_name":"symbionts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiont"},{"link_name":"Ireviken event","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireviken_event"},{"link_name":"trilobite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobite"},{"link_name":"conodont","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conodont"}],"text":"In the geological timescale, the Llandovery Epoch (from 443.8 ± 1.5 million years ago to 433.4 ± 0.8 million years ago) occurred at the beginning of the Silurian Period. The Llandoverian Epoch follows the massive Ordovician-Silurian extinction events, which led to a large decrease in biodiversity and an opening up of ecosystems.Widespread reef building started in this period and continued into the Devonian Period when rising water temperatures are thought to have bleached out the coral by killing their photo symbionts.The Llandoverian Epoch ended with the Ireviken event which killed off 50% of trilobite species, and 80% of the global conodont species.","title":"Llandovery Epoch"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Silurian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian"},{"link_name":"orders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Harper_etal-2014-7"},{"link_name":"endemic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic"},{"link_name":"Phanerozoic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanerozoic"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Harper_etal-2014-7"},{"link_name":"Permian–Triassic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event"},{"link_name":"Cretaceous-Paleogene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Harper_etal-2014-7"}],"text":"The end of the Ordovician–Silurian extinction event occurred when melting glaciers caused the sea level to rise and eventually stabilize. Biodiversity, with the sustained re-flooding of continental shelves at the onset of the Silurian, rebounded within the surviving orders.[7]Following the major loss of diversity as the end-Ordovician, Silurian communities were initially less complex and broader niched. Highly endemic faunas, which characterized the Late Ordovician, were replaced by faunas that were amongst the most cosmopolitan in the Phanerozoic, biogeographic patterns that persisted throughout most of the Silurian.[7]These end Ordovician–Silurian events had nothing like the long-term impact of the Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction events. Nevertheless, a large number of taxa disappeared from the Earth over a short time interval,[7] eliminating and changing diversity.","title":"Beginning of Silurian"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Llandovery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llandovery"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-a2004-8"},{"link_name":"GSSP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point"},{"link_name":"Dob's Linn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob%27s_Linn"},{"link_name":"lithological","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithology"},{"link_name":"formations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_formation"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-a2004-8"},{"link_name":"Hartfell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartfell,_Ontario"},{"link_name":"shales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale"},{"link_name":"interbedded","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbedding"},{"link_name":"bentonites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-a2004-8"},{"link_name":"Birkhill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkhill,_Angus"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rhuddanianICS-6"},{"link_name":"graptolite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graptolite"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-berk-9"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rhuddanianICS-6"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Pterospathodus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterospathodus"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rhuddanianICS-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rhuddanianICS-6"}],"sub_title":"GSSP","text":"The epoch was named after Llandovery in Wales.[8] The GSSP for the Silurian is located in a section at Dob's Linn (southern Scotland) in an artificial excavation created just north of the Linn Branch Stream. Two lithological units (formations) occur near the boundary.[8] The lower is the Hartfell Shale (48 metres (157 ft) thick), consisting chiefly of pale gray mudstone with subordinate black shales and several interbedded meta-bentonites.[8] Above this is the 43 metres (141 ft) thick Birkhill Shale, which consist predominantly of black graptolitic shale with subordinate gray mudstones and meta-bentonites.[6]The base was originally defined as the first appearance of the graptolite Akidograptus ascensus[9] at Dob's Linn, but was later discovered to be imprecise.[6] [10] It is currently placed between acritarch biozone 5 and last appearance of Pterospathodus amorphognathoides.[6]It has been recommended to place the GSSP at a slightly higher and correlatable level on the Ireviken datum 2, which coincides approximately with the base of the murchisoni Graptolite Biozone.[6]","title":"Beginning of Silurian"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rhuddanian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhuddanian"},{"link_name":"Aeronian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronian"},{"link_name":"Telychian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telychian"}],"text":"The Llandovery Epoch is subdivided into three stages: Rhuddanian, Aeronian and Telychian.","title":"Subdivisions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Estonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"sub_title":"Regional stages","text":"In North America a different suite of regional stages is sometimes used:Ontarian (Early Silurian: late Llandovery)\nAlexandrian (Earliest Silurian: early Llandovery)In Estonia the following suite of regional stages is used:[11]Adavere stage (Early Silurian: late Llandovery)\nRaikküla stage (Early Silurian: middle Llandovery)\nJuuru stage (Earliest Silurian: early Llandovery)","title":"Subdivisions"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Palaeontology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-China-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-penn-14"},{"link_name":"Cooksonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooksonia"}],"sub_title":"Plants","text":"Spores and plant microfossils have been found in China and Pennsylvania.[13][14] There was some movement to the land during the Llandovery but the earliest known vascular plants (Cooksonia) have only been found in rocks of the middle Silurian.","title":"Palaeontology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Parioscorpio venator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parioscorpio"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Anderson-2021-15"}],"sub_title":"Land animals","text":"Parioscorpio venator was at first described as the earliest fossil land animal in 2020. It was originally described as the oldest known scorpion (437 million years old), but was later re-described as an enigmatic, marine arthropod.[15]","title":"Palaeontology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Barrier reef","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier_reef"},{"link_name":"symbionts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiont"},{"link_name":"Tabulate corals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulate_coral"},{"link_name":"bioherms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioherm"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-coral-16"}],"text":"Barrier reef systems covered a substantially greater percentage of seafloor than reefs today and they also grew at high latitudes. Possibly the evolution of photo symbionts started in the Llandovery Epoch. Tabulate corals mostly developed as prominent bioherms. Rising water temperatures in the Devonian might have led to bleaching of these corals.[16]","title":"Reef expansion"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"extinction events","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_event"},{"link_name":"Mulde","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulde_event"},{"link_name":"Lau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lau_event"},{"link_name":"Ireviken","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireviken"},{"link_name":"Gotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotland"}],"text":"The Ireviken event was the first of three relatively minor extinction events (the Ireviken, Mulde, and Lau events) during the Silurian Period. The Ireviken overlapped the Llandovery/Wenlock boundary. The event is best recorded at Ireviken, Gotland.","title":"Ireviken event"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Munnecke2003-2"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jeppsson1997-17"},{"link_name":"Milankovic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovic_cycles"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jeppsson1997-17"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jeppsson1997-17"},{"link_name":"Milankovic changes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovic_cycle"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jeppsson1997-17"}],"sub_title":"Anatomy of the event","text":"The event lasted around 200,000 years, spanning the base of the Wenlock Epoch.[2][17]It comprises eight extinction \"datum points\"—the first four being regularly spaced, every 31,000 years, and linked to the Milankovic obliquity cycle.[17] The fifth and sixth probably reflect maxima in the precessional cycles, with periods of around 16.5 and 19 ka.[17] The final two data are much further spaced, so harder to link with Milankovic changes.[17]","title":"Ireviken event"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"conodonts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conodont"},{"link_name":"trilobites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobite"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Munnecke2003-2"}],"sub_title":"Casualties","text":"The mechanism responsible for the event originated in the deep oceans, and made its way into the shallower shelf seas. Correspondingly, shallow-water reefs were barely affected, while pelagic and hemipelagic organisms such as the graptolites, conodonts and trilobites were hit hardest. 50% of trilobite species and 80% of the global conodont species become extinct in this interval.[2]","title":"Ireviken event"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"δ13C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9413C"},{"link_name":"δ18O","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9418O"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Munnecke2003-2"}],"sub_title":"Geochemistry","text":"Subsequent to the first extinctions, excursions in the δ13C and δ18O records are observed; δ13C rises from +1.4‰ to +4.5‰, while δ18O increases from −5.6‰ to −5.0‰.[2]","title":"Ireviken event"}]
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[{"image_text":"Jamoytius kerwoodi","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jamoytius_kerwoodi.jpg/220px-Jamoytius_kerwoodi.jpg"},{"image_text":"Cameroceras, shown feeding on an Aphetoceras, while a quartet of Cyclostomiceras swim by.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cameroceras_trentonese.jpg/220px-Cameroceras_trentonese.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). \"The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events\". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0263593300000377","url_text":"10.1017/S0263593300000377"}]},{"reference":"Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). \"The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events\". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-0182%2803%2900304-3","url_text":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3"}]},{"reference":"\"Chart/Time Scale\". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.","urls":[{"url":"https://stratigraphy.org/chart","url_text":"\"Chart/Time Scale\""}]},{"reference":"Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). \"The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review\". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6: 191. Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..191L. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2018.00191","url_text":"\"The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018FrEaS...6..191L","url_text":"2018FrEaS...6..191L"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2018.00191","url_text":"10.3389/feart.2018.00191"}]},{"reference":"Holland, C. (June 1985). \"Series and Stages of the Silurian System\" (PDF). Episodes. 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. Retrieved 11 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf","url_text":"\"Series and Stages of the Silurian System\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F1985%2Fv8i2%2F005","url_text":"10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005"}]},{"reference":"\"GSSP for the Rhuddanian Stage\". International Commission on Stratigraphy.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/Rhuddanian.html","url_text":"\"GSSP for the Rhuddanian Stage\""}]},{"reference":"Harper, D. A. T.; Hammarlund, E. U.; Rasmussen, C. M. Ø. (May 2014). \"End Ordovician extinctions: A coincidence of causes\". Gondwana Research. 25 (4): 1294–1307. Bibcode:2014GondR..25.1294H. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.021.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GondR..25.1294H","url_text":"2014GondR..25.1294H"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2012.12.021","url_text":"10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.021"}]},{"reference":"Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. ISBN 9780521786737.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521786737","url_text":"9780521786737"}]},{"reference":"\"Silurian: Stratigraphy\". UCMP Berkeley. Retrieved 9 June 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/silurian/silustrat.html","url_text":"\"Silurian: Stratigraphy\""}]},{"reference":"Ogg, James; Ogg, Gabi; Gradstein, Felix (2016). A Concise Geologic Time Scale. ISBN 978-0-444-63771-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/wenlock","url_text":"A Concise Geologic Time Scale"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-63771-0","url_text":"978-0-444-63771-0"}]},{"reference":"\"Silurian Stratigraphy Of Estonia 2015\" (PDF). Stratigraafia.info. Retrieved 3 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://stratigraafia.info/materjalid/eesti_strat/Silurian_2015.pdf","url_text":"\"Silurian Stratigraphy Of Estonia 2015\""}]},{"reference":"\"Middle and Upper Ordovician nautiloid cephalopods of the Cincinnati Arch region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio\" (PDF).","urls":[{"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1066p/report.pdf","url_text":"\"Middle and Upper Ordovician nautiloid cephalopods of the Cincinnati Arch region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio\""}]},{"reference":"Wang, Yi; Zhang, Yuandong (2010). \"Llandovery sporomorphs and graptolites from the Manbo Formation, the Mojiang County, Yunnan, China\". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 267–275. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0214. PMC 2842664. PMID 19439443.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842664","url_text":"\"Llandovery sporomorphs and graptolites from the Manbo Formation, the Mojiang County, Yunnan, China\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2009.0214","url_text":"10.1098/rspb.2009.0214"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842664","url_text":"2842664"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439443","url_text":"19439443"}]},{"reference":"Strother, Paul K.; Traverse, Alfred (1979). \"Plant microfossils from Llandoverian and Wenlockian rocks of Pennsylvania\". Palynology. 3: 1–21. doi:10.1080/01916122.1979.9989181.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01916122.1979.9989181","url_text":"10.1080/01916122.1979.9989181"}]},{"reference":"Anderson, Evan P; Schiffbauer, James D.; Jacquet, Sarah M.; Lamsdell, James C.; Kluessendorf, Joanne; Mikulic, Donald G. (2021). \"Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte\". Palaeontology. 64 (3): 429–474. doi:10.1111/pala.12534. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 234812878.","urls":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12534","url_text":"\"Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpala.12534","url_text":"10.1111/pala.12534"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1475-4983","url_text":"1475-4983"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234812878","url_text":"234812878"}]},{"reference":"Zapalski, Mikołaj K.; Berkowski, Błażej (2019). \"The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis\". Coral Reefs. 38 (1): 137–147. Bibcode:2019CorRe..38..137Z. doi:10.1007/s00338-018-01761-w.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00338-018-01761-w","url_text":"\"The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019CorRe..38..137Z","url_text":"2019CorRe..38..137Z"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00338-018-01761-w","url_text":"10.1007/s00338-018-01761-w"}]},{"reference":"Jeppsson, L (1997). \"The anatomy of the Mid-Early Silurian Ireviken Event and a scenario for P-S events\". In Brett, C.E.; Baird, G.C. (eds.). Paleontological Events: Stratigraphic, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 451–492.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Llandovery_Epoch¶ms=55.4400_N_3.2700_W_","external_links_name":"55°26′24″N 3°16′12″W / 55.4400°N 3.2700°W / 55.4400; -3.2700"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Llandovery_Epoch¶ms=52.5811_N_2.6389_W_","external_links_name":"52°34′52″N 2°38′20″W / 52.5811°N 2.6389°W / 52.5811; -2.6389"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0263593300000377","external_links_name":"10.1017/S0263593300000377"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-0182%2803%2900304-3","external_links_name":"10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3"},{"Link":"https://stratigraphy.org/chart","external_links_name":"\"Chart/Time Scale\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2018.00191","external_links_name":"\"The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018FrEaS...6..191L","external_links_name":"2018FrEaS...6..191L"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2018.00191","external_links_name":"10.3389/feart.2018.00191"},{"Link":"https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Series and Stages of the Silurian System\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F1985%2Fv8i2%2F005","external_links_name":"10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005"},{"Link":"http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/Rhuddanian.html","external_links_name":"\"GSSP for the Rhuddanian Stage\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014GondR..25.1294H","external_links_name":"2014GondR..25.1294H"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2012.12.021","external_links_name":"10.1016/j.gr.2012.12.021"},{"Link":"https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/silurian/silustrat.html","external_links_name":"\"Silurian: Stratigraphy\""},{"Link":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/wenlock","external_links_name":"A Concise Geologic Time Scale"},{"Link":"http://stratigraafia.info/materjalid/eesti_strat/Silurian_2015.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Silurian Stratigraphy Of Estonia 2015\""},{"Link":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1066p/report.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Middle and Upper Ordovician nautiloid cephalopods of the Cincinnati Arch region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio\""},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842664","external_links_name":"\"Llandovery sporomorphs and graptolites from the Manbo Formation, the Mojiang County, Yunnan, China\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2009.0214","external_links_name":"10.1098/rspb.2009.0214"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842664","external_links_name":"2842664"},{"Link":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19439443","external_links_name":"19439443"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01916122.1979.9989181","external_links_name":"10.1080/01916122.1979.9989181"},{"Link":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12534","external_links_name":"\"Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpala.12534","external_links_name":"10.1111/pala.12534"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1475-4983","external_links_name":"1475-4983"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234812878","external_links_name":"234812878"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00338-018-01761-w","external_links_name":"\"The Silurian mesophotic coral ecosystems: 430 million years of photosymbiosis\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019CorRe..38..137Z","external_links_name":"2019CorRe..38..137Z"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00338-018-01761-w","external_links_name":"10.1007/s00338-018-01761-w"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_points
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Melting point
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["1 Examples","2 Melting point measurements","2.1 Techniques for refractory materials","3 Thermodynamics","4 Freezing-point depression","5 Carnelley's rule","6 Predicting the melting point of substances (Lindemann's criterion)","6.1 Databases and automated prediction","7 Melting point of the elements","8 See also","9 References","9.1 Citations","9.2 Sources","10 External links"]
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Temperature at which a solid turns liquid
For the EP by Zerobaseone, see Melting Point (EP).
For the physical processes that take place at the melting point, see Melting, Freezing, and Crystallization.
"Freezing point" redirects here. For other uses, see Freezing point (disambiguation).
Ice cubes put in water will start to melt when they reach their melting point of 0 °C
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.
When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Examples
Further information: List of elements by melting point
Melting points (in blue) and boiling points (in pink) of the first eight carboxylic acids (°C)
For most substances, melting and freezing points are approximately equal. For example, the melting and freezing points of mercury is 234.32 kelvins (−38.83 °C; −37.89 °F). However, certain substances possess differing solid-liquid transition temperatures. For example, agar melts at 85 °C (185 °F; 358 K) and solidifies from 31 °C (88 °F; 304 K); such direction dependence is known as hysteresis. The melting point of ice at 1 atmosphere of pressure is very close to 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K); this is also known as the ice point. In the presence of nucleating substances, the freezing point of water is not always the same as the melting point. In the absence of nucleators water can exist as a supercooled liquid down to −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F; 224.8 K) before freezing.
The metal with the highest melting point is tungsten, at 3,414 °C (6,177 °F; 3,687 K); this property makes tungsten excellent for use as electrical filaments in incandescent lamps. The often-cited carbon does not melt at ambient pressure but sublimes at about 3,700 °C (6,700 °F; 4,000 K); a liquid phase only exists above pressures of 10 MPa (99 atm) and estimated 4,030–4,430 °C (7,290–8,010 °F; 4,300–4,700 K) (see carbon phase diagram). Hafnium carbonitride (HfCN) is a refractory compound with the highest known melting point of any substance to date and the only one confirmed to have a melting point above 4,273 K (4,000 °C; 7,232 °F) at ambient pressure. Quantum mechanical computer simulations predicted that this alloy (HfN0.38C0.51) would have a melting point of about 4,400 K. This prediction was later confirmed by experiment, though a precise measurement of its exact melting point has yet to be confirmed. At the other end of the scale, helium does not freeze at all at normal pressure even at temperatures arbitrarily close to absolute zero; a pressure of more than twenty times normal atmospheric pressure is necessary.
List of common chemicals
Chemical
Density (g/cm3)
Melt (K)
Boil (K)
Water @STP
1
273
373
Solder (Pb60Sn40)
461
Cocoa butter
307.2
-
Paraffin wax
0.9
310
643
Hydrogen
0.00008988
14.01
20.28
Helium
0.0001785
—
4.22
Beryllium
1.85
1,560
2,742
Carbon
2.267
—
4,000
Nitrogen
0.0012506
63.15
77.36
Oxygen
0.001429
54.36
90.20
Sodium
0.971
370.87
1,156
Magnesium
1.738
923
1,363
Aluminium
2.698
933.47
2,792
Sulfur
2.067
388.36
717.87
Chlorine
0.003214
171.6
239.11
Potassium
0.862
336.53
1,032
Titanium
4.54
1,941
3,560
Iron
7.874
1,811
3,134
Nickel
8.912
1,728
3,186
Copper
8.96
1,357.77
2,835
Zinc
7.134
692.88
1,180
Gallium
5.907
302.9146
2,673
Silver
10.501
1,234.93
2,435
Cadmium
8.69
594.22
1,040
Indium
7.31
429.75
2,345
Iodine
4.93
386.85
457.4
Tantalum
16.654
3,290
5,731
Tungsten
19.25
3,695
5,828
Platinum
21.46
2,041.4
4,098
Gold
19.282
1,337.33
3,129
Mercury
13.5336
234.43
629.88
Lead
11.342
600.61
2,022
Bismuth
9.807
544.7
1,837
Notes
^ Z is the standard symbol for atomic number; C is the standard symbol for heat capacity; and χ is the standard symbol for electronegativity on the Pauling scale.
^ Helium does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. Helium can only solidify at pressures above 25 atmospheres, which corresponds to a melting point of absolute zero.
^ a b Carbon does not melt at any temperature under standard pressure, instead it sublimes around 4,100 K
Melting point measurements
Main article: Melting-point apparatus
Kofler bench with samples for calibration
Many laboratory techniques exist for the determination of melting points.
A Kofler bench is a metal strip with a temperature gradient (range from room temperature to 300 °C). Any substance can be placed on a section of the strip, revealing its thermal behaviour at the temperature at that point. Differential scanning calorimetry gives information on melting point together with its enthalpy of fusion.
Automatic digital melting point meter
A basic melting point apparatus for the analysis of crystalline solids consists of an oil bath with a transparent window (most basic design: a Thiele tube) and a simple magnifier. Several grains of a solid are placed in a thin glass tube and partially immersed in the oil bath. The oil bath is heated (and stirred) and with the aid of the magnifier (and external light source) melting of the individual crystals at a certain temperature can be observed. A metal block might be used instead of an oil bath. Some modern instruments have automatic optical detection.
The measurement can also be made continuously with an operating process. For instance, oil refineries measure the freeze point of diesel fuel "online", meaning that the sample is taken from the process and measured automatically. This allows for more frequent measurements as the sample does not have to be manually collected and taken to a remote laboratory.
Techniques for refractory materials
For refractory materials (e.g. platinum, tungsten, tantalum, some carbides and nitrides, etc.) the extremely high melting point (typically considered to be above, say, 1,800 °C) may be determined by heating the material in a black body furnace and measuring the black-body temperature with an optical pyrometer. For the highest melting materials, this may require extrapolation by several hundred degrees. The spectral radiance from an incandescent body is known to be a function of its temperature. An optical pyrometer matches the radiance of a body under study to the radiance of a source that has been previously calibrated as a function of temperature. In this way, the measurement of the absolute magnitude of the intensity of radiation is unnecessary. However, known temperatures must be used to determine the calibration of the pyrometer. For temperatures above the calibration range of the source, an extrapolation technique must be employed. This extrapolation is accomplished by using Planck's law of radiation. The constants in this equation are not known with sufficient accuracy, causing errors in the extrapolation to become larger at higher temperatures. However, standard techniques have been developed to perform this extrapolation.
Consider the case of using gold as the source (mp = 1,063 °C). In this technique, the current through the filament of the pyrometer is adjusted until the light intensity of the filament matches that of a black-body at the melting point of gold. This establishes the primary calibration temperature and can be expressed in terms of current through the pyrometer lamp. With the same current setting, the pyrometer is sighted on another black-body at a higher temperature. An absorbing medium of known transmission is inserted between the pyrometer and this black-body. The temperature of the black-body is then adjusted until a match exists between its intensity and that of the pyrometer filament. The true higher temperature of the black-body is then determined from Planck's Law. The absorbing medium is then removed and the current through the filament is adjusted to match the filament intensity to that of the black-body. This establishes a second calibration point for the pyrometer. This step is repeated to carry the calibration to higher temperatures. Now, temperatures and their corresponding pyrometer filament currents are known and a curve of temperature versus current can be drawn. This curve can then be extrapolated to very high temperatures.
In determining melting points of a refractory substance by this method, it is necessary to either have black body conditions or to know the emissivity of the material being measured. The containment of the high melting material in the liquid state may introduce experimental difficulties. Melting temperatures of some refractory metals have thus been measured by observing the radiation from a black body cavity in solid metal specimens that were much longer than they were wide. To form such a cavity, a hole is drilled perpendicular to the long axis at the center of a rod of the material. These rods are then heated by passing a very large current through them, and the radiation emitted from the hole is observed with an optical pyrometer. The point of melting is indicated by the darkening of the hole when the liquid phase appears, destroying the black body conditions. Today, containerless laser heating techniques, combined with fast pyrometers and spectro-pyrometers, are employed to allow for precise control of the time for which the sample is kept at extreme temperatures. Such experiments of sub-second duration address several of the challenges associated with more traditional melting point measurements made at very high temperatures, such as sample vaporization and reaction with the container.
Thermodynamics
Pressure dependence of water melting point.
For a solid to melt, heat is required to raise its temperature to the melting point. However, further heat needs to be supplied for the melting to take place: this is called the heat of fusion, and is an example of latent heat.
From a thermodynamics point of view, at the melting point the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the material is zero, but the enthalpy (H) and the entropy (S) of the material are increasing (ΔH, ΔS > 0). Melting phenomenon happens when the Gibbs free energy of the liquid becomes lower than the solid for that material. At various pressures this happens at a specific temperature. It can also be shown that:
Δ
S
=
Δ
H
T
{\displaystyle \Delta S={\frac {\Delta H}{T}}}
Here T, ΔS and ΔH are respectively the temperature at the melting point, change of entropy of melting and the change of enthalpy of melting.
The melting point is sensitive to extremely large changes in pressure, but generally this sensitivity is orders of magnitude less than that for the boiling point, because the solid-liquid transition represents only a small change in volume. If, as observed in most cases, a substance is more dense in the solid than in the liquid state, the melting point will increase with increases in pressure. Otherwise the reverse behavior occurs. Notably, this is the case of water, as illustrated graphically to the right, but also of Si, Ge, Ga, Bi. With extremely large changes in pressure, substantial changes to the melting point are observed. For example, the melting point of silicon at ambient pressure (0.1 MPa) is 1415 °C, but at pressures in excess of 10 GPa it decreases to 1000 °C.
Melting points are often used to characterize organic and inorganic compounds and to ascertain their purity. The melting point of a pure substance is always higher and has a smaller range than the melting point of an impure substance or, more generally, of mixtures. The higher the quantity of other components, the lower the melting point and the broader will be the melting point range, often referred to as the "pasty range". The temperature at which melting begins for a mixture is known as the solidus while the temperature where melting is complete is called the liquidus. Eutectics are special types of mixtures that behave like single phases. They melt sharply at a constant temperature to form a liquid of the same composition. Alternatively, on cooling a liquid with the eutectic composition will solidify as uniformly dispersed, small (fine-grained) mixed crystals with the same composition.
In contrast to crystalline solids, glasses do not possess a melting point;
on heating they undergo a smooth glass transition into a viscous liquid.
Upon further heating, they gradually soften, which can be characterized by certain softening points.
Freezing-point depression
Main articles: Freezing-point depression and Supercooling
The freezing point of a solvent is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent. This phenomenon is used in technical applications to avoid freezing, for instance by adding salt or ethylene glycol to water.
Carnelley's rule
In organic chemistry, Carnelley's rule, established in 1882 by Thomas Carnelley, states that high molecular symmetry is associated with high melting point. Carnelley based his rule on examination of 15,000 chemical compounds. For example, for three structural isomers with molecular formula C5H12 the melting point increases in the series isopentane −160 °C (113 K) n-pentane −129.8 °C (143 K) and neopentane −16.4 °C (256.8 K). Likewise in xylenes and also dichlorobenzenes the melting point increases in the order meta, ortho and then para. Pyridine has a lower symmetry than benzene hence its lower melting point but the melting point again increases with diazine and triazines. Many cage-like compounds like adamantane and cubane with high symmetry have relatively high melting points.
A high melting point results from a high heat of fusion, a low entropy of fusion, or a combination of both. In highly symmetrical molecules the crystal phase is densely packed with many efficient intermolecular interactions resulting in a higher enthalpy change on melting.
Like many high symmetry compounds, tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane has a very high melting point (m.p.) of 319-321 °C. It tends to sublime, so the m.p. determination requires that the sample be sealed in a tube.
Predicting the melting point of substances (Lindemann's criterion)
An attempt to predict the bulk melting point of crystalline materials was first made in 1910 by Frederick Lindemann. The idea behind the theory was the observation that the average amplitude of thermal vibrations increases with increasing temperature. Melting initiates when the amplitude of vibration becomes large enough for adjacent atoms to partly occupy the same space. The Lindemann criterion states that melting is expected when the vibration root mean square amplitude exceeds a threshold value.
Assuming that all atoms in a crystal vibrate with the same frequency ν, the average thermal energy can be estimated using the equipartition theorem as
E
=
4
π
2
m
ν
2
u
2
=
k
B
T
{\displaystyle E=4\pi ^{2}m\nu ^{2}~u^{2}=k_{\rm {B}}T}
where m is the atomic mass, ν is the frequency, u is the average vibration amplitude, kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the absolute temperature. If the threshold value of u2 is c2a2 where c is the Lindemann constant and a is the atomic spacing, then the melting point is estimated as
T
m
=
4
π
2
m
ν
2
c
2
a
2
k
B
.
{\displaystyle T_{\rm {m}}={\cfrac {4\pi ^{2}m\nu ^{2}c^{2}a^{2}}{k_{\rm {B}}}}.}
Several other expressions for the estimated melting temperature can be obtained depending on the estimate of the average thermal energy. Another commonly used expression for the Lindemann criterion is
T
m
=
4
π
2
m
ν
2
c
2
a
2
2
k
B
.
{\displaystyle T_{\rm {m}}={\cfrac {4\pi ^{2}m\nu ^{2}c^{2}a^{2}}{2k_{\rm {B}}}}.}
From the expression for the Debye frequency for ν,
T
m
=
2
π
m
c
2
a
2
θ
D
2
k
B
h
2
{\displaystyle T_{\rm {m}}={\cfrac {2\pi mc^{2}a^{2}\theta _{\rm {D}}^{2}k_{\rm {B}}}{h^{2}}}}
where θD is the Debye temperature and h is the Planck constant. Values of c range from 0.15 to 0.3 for most materials.
Databases and automated prediction
In February 2011, Alfa Aesar released over 10,000 melting points of compounds from their catalog as open data and similar data has been mined from patents. The Alfa Aesar and patent data have been summarized in (respectively) random forest and support vector machines.
Melting point of the elements
Main article: Melting points of the elements (data page)
vteMelting point of the elements in the periodic table
Group →
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
↓ Period
①
H2 13.99 K(−259.16 °C)
He
②
Li453.65 K(180.50 °C)
Be1560 K(1287 °C)
B 2349 K(2076 °C)
C
N2 63.23 K(−209.86 °C)
O2 54.36 K(−218.79 °C)
F2 53.48 K(−219.67 °C)
Ne24.56 K(−248.59 °C)
③
Na370.944 K(97.794 °C)
Mg923 K(650 °C)
Al933.47 K(660.32 °C)
Si1687 K(1414 °C)
P 317.3 K(44.15 °C)
S 388.36 K(115.21 °C)
Cl2171.6 K(−101.5 °C)
Ar83.81 K(−189.34 °C)
④
K 336.7 K(63.5 °C)
Ca1115 K(842 °C)
Sc1814 K(1541 °C)
Ti1941 K(1668 °C)
V 2183 K(1910 °C)
Cr2180 K(1907 °C)
Mn1519 K(1246 °C)
Fe1811 K(1538 °C)
Co1768 K(1495 °C)
Ni1728 K(1455 °C)
Cu1357.77 K(1084.62 °C)
Zn692.68 K(419.53 °C)
Ga302.9146 K(29.7646 °C)
Ge1211.40 K(938.25 °C)
As
Se494 K(221 °C)
Br2265.8 K(−7.2 °C)
Kr115.78 K(−157.37 °C)
⑤
Rb312.45 K(39.30 °C)
Sr1050 K(777 °C)
Y 1799 K(1526 °C)
Zr2128 K(1855 °C)
Nb2750 K(2477 °C)
Mo2896 K(2623 °C)
Tc2430 K(2157 °C)
Ru2607 K(2334 °C)
Rh2237 K(1964 °C)
Pd1828.05 K(1554.9 °C)
Ag1234.93 K(961.78 °C)
Cd594.22 K(321.07 °C)
In429.7485 K(156.5985 °C)
Sn505.08 K(231.93 °C)
Sb903.78 K(630.63 °C)
Te722.66 K(449.51 °C)
I2 386.85 K(113.7 °C)
Xe161.40 K(−111.75 °C)
⑥
Cs301.7 K(28.5 °C)
Ba1000 K(727 °C)
Lu1925 K(1652 °C)
Hf2506 K(2233 °C)
Ta3290 K(3017 °C)
W 3695 K(3422 °C)
Re3459 K(3186 °C)
Os3306 K(3033 °C)
Ir2719 K(2446 °C)
Pt2041.4 K(1768.3 °C)
Au1337.33 K(1064.18 °C)
Hg234.3210 K(−38.8290 °C)
Tl577 K(304 °C)
Pb600.61 K(327.46 °C)
Bi544.7 K(271.5 °C)
Po527 K(254 °C)
At575 K(302 °C)
Rn202 K(−71 °C)
⑦
Fr300 K(27 °C)
Ra973 K(700 °C)
Lr1900 K(1627 °C)
Rf2400 K(2100 °C)
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn283±11 K(10±11 °C)
Nh700 K(430 °C)
Fl200 K(−73 °C)
Mc670 K(400 °C)
Lv637–780 K(364–507 °C)
Ts623–823 K(350–550 °C)
Og325±15 K(52±15 °C)
La1193 K(920 °C)
Ce1068 K(795 °C)
Pr1208 K(935 °C)
Nd1297 K(1024 °C)
Pm1315 K(1042 °C)
Sm1345 K(1072 °C)
Eu1099 K(826 °C)
Gd1585 K(1312 °C)
Tb1629 K(1356 °C)
Dy1680 K(1407 °C)
Ho1734 K(1461 °C)
Er1802 K(1529 °C)
Tm1818 K(1545 °C)
Yb1097 K(824 °C)
Ac1500 K(1227 °C)
Th2023 K(1750 °C)
Pa1841 K(1568 °C)
U 1405.3 K(1132.2 °C)
Np912±3 K(639±3 °C)
Pu912.5 K(639.4 °C)
Am1449 K(1176 °C)
Cm1613 K(1340 °C)
Bk1259 K(986 °C)
Cf1173 K(900 °C)
Es1133 K(860 °C)
Fm1800 K(1527 °C)
Md1100 K(827 °C)
No1100 K(827 °C)
Notes
^ Values are in Kelvin (K) and Celsius (°C), rounded. For equivalents in Fahrenheit °F, see Melting points of the elements (data page).
^ Values for many highly radioactive elements are not empirically confirmed, or are theoretical predictions only.
^ Helium cannot freeze at STP, and so has no true melting point under these conditions.
^ Carbon does not melt at STP, but sublimes at approximately 4000°C (4273 K).
^ Arsenic does not melt at STP, but sublimes at 615 °C (887 K).
Legend
Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element
s-block
g-block
f-block
d-block
p-block
See also
Boiling point
Congruent melting
Hagedorn temperature
Hafnium carbonitride, a compound with the highest known melting point
List of elements by melting point
Melting points of the elements (data page)
Phase diagram
Simon–Glatzel equation
Slip melting point
Triple point
Zone melting
References
Citations
^ Ramsay, J. A. (1 May 1949). "A New Method of Freezing-Point Determination for Small Quantities". Journal of Experimental Biology. 26 (1): 57–64. doi:10.1242/jeb.26.1.57. PMID 15406812.
^ Haynes, p. 4.122.
^ The melting point of purified water has been measured as 0.002519 ± 0.000002 °C, see Feistel, R. & Wagner, W. (2006). "A New Equation of State for H2O Ice Ih". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 35 (2): 1021–1047. Bibcode:2006JPCRD..35.1021F. doi:10.1063/1.2183324.
^ Kringle, Loni; Thornley, Wyatt A.; Kay, Bruce D.; Kimmel, Greg A. (18 September 2020). "Reversible structural transformations in supercooled liquid water from 135 to 245 K". Science. 369 (6510): 1490–1492. arXiv:1912.06676. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1490K. doi:10.1126/science.abb7542. ISSN 0036-8075.
^ Haynes, p. 4.123.
^ Hong, Q.-J.; van de Walle, A. (2015). "Prediction of the material with highest known melting point from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations". Phys. Rev. B. 92 (2): 020104(R). Bibcode:2015PhRvB..92b0104H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.92.020104.
^ Buinevich, V.S.; Nepapushev, A.A.; Moskovskikh, D.O.; Trusov, G.V.; Kuskov, K.V.; Vadchenko, S.G.; Rogachev, A.S.; Mukasyan, A.S. (March 2020). "Fabrication of ultra-high-temperature nonstoichiometric hafnium carbonitride via combustion synthesis and spark plasma sintering". Ceramics International. 46 (10): 16068–16073. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.158. S2CID 216437833.
^ Holman, S. W.; Lawrence, R. R.; Barr, L. (1 January 1895). "Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 218–233. doi:10.2307/20020628. JSTOR 20020628.
^ a b "Carbon". rsc.org.
^ The exact relationship is expressed in the Clausius–Clapeyron relation.
^ "J10 Heat: Change of aggregate state of substances through change of heat content: Change of aggregate state of substances and the equation of Clapeyron-Clausius". Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2008.
^ Tonkov, E. Yu. and Ponyatovsky, E. G. (2005) Phase Transformations of Elements Under High Pressure, CRC Press, Boca Raton, p. 98 ISBN 0-8493-3367-9
^ Brown, R. J. C. & R. F. C. (2000). "Melting Point and Molecular Symmetry". Journal of Chemical Education. 77 (6): 724. Bibcode:2000JChEd..77..724B. doi:10.1021/ed077p724.
^ Haynes, pp. 6.153–155.
^ Gilman, H.; Smith, C. L. (1967). "Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 8 (2): 245–253. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)91037-4.
^ Lindemann FA (1910). "The calculation of molecular vibration frequencies". Phys. Z. 11: 609–612.
^ Sorkin, S., (2003), Point defects, lattice structure, and melting Archived 5 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Thesis, Technion, Israel.
^ Philip Hofmann (2008). Solid state physics: an introduction. Wiley-VCH. p. 67. ISBN 978-3-527-40861-0. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
^ Nelson, D. R., (2002), Defects and geometry in condensed matter physics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-00400-4
^ a b Bradley, Jean-Claude; Lang, Andrew; Williams, Antony; Curtin, Evan (11 August 2011). "ONS Open Melting Point Collection". Nature Precedings. doi:10.1038/npre.2011.6229.1. Model published on QsarDB retrieved 13 September 2013.
^ a b Tetko, Igor V; m. Lowe, Daniel; Williams, Antony J (2016). "The development of models to predict melting and pyrolysis point data associated with several hundred thousand compounds mined from PATENTS". Journal of Cheminformatics. 8: 2. doi:10.1186/s13321-016-0113-y. PMC 4724158. PMID 26807157. Model published on OCHEM retrieved 18 June 2016.
Sources
Works cited
Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1439855119.
External links
Melting and boiling point tables vol. 1 by Thomas Carnelley (Harrison, London, 1885–1887)
Melting and boiling point tables vol. 2 by Thomas Carnelley (Harrison, London, 1885–1887)
Patent mined data Over 250,000 freely downloadable melting point data. Also downloadable at figshare
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Thermo-dielectric effect
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Melting Point (EP)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_Point_(EP)"},{"link_name":"Melting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting"},{"link_name":"Freezing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing"},{"link_name":"Crystallization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization"},{"link_name":"Freezing point (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_point_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Melting_ice_thermometer.jpg"},{"link_name":"°C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius"},{"link_name":"temperature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature"},{"link_name":"state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"},{"link_name":"solid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid"},{"link_name":"liquid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid"},{"link_name":"phase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"},{"link_name":"equilibrium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium"},{"link_name":"pressure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure"},{"link_name":"standard pressure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure"},{"link_name":"atmosphere","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)"},{"link_name":"kPa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(unit)"},{"link_name":"supercool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling"},{"link_name":"melting point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Melting_point_measurements"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"For the EP by Zerobaseone, see Melting Point (EP).For the physical processes that take place at the melting point, see Melting, Freezing, and Crystallization.\"Freezing point\" redirects here. For other uses, see Freezing point (disambiguation).Ice cubes put in water will start to melt when they reach their melting point of 0 °CThe melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the \"characteristic freezing point\" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always \"the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point.\"[1]","title":"Melting point"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of elements by melting point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_melting_point"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carboxylic.Acids.Melting.%26.Boiling.Points.jpg"},{"link_name":"carboxylic acids","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acids"},{"link_name":"melting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting"},{"link_name":"freezing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing"},{"link_name":"mercury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)"},{"link_name":"kelvins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin"},{"link_name":"°C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius"},{"link_name":"°F","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrenheit"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"agar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agar"},{"link_name":"hysteresis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteresis"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"nucleating substances","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleation"},{"link_name":"supercooled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"tungsten","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"electrical filaments","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_filament"},{"link_name":"incandescent lamps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_lamp"},{"link_name":"carbon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon"},{"link_name":"sublimes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(physics)"},{"link_name":"carbon phase diagram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_basic_phase_diagram.png"},{"link_name":"Hafnium carbonitride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium_carbonitride"},{"link_name":"refractory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"helium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium"},{"link_name":"absolute zero","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero"},{"link_name":"atmospheric pressure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure"}],"text":"Further information: List of elements by melting pointMelting points (in blue) and boiling points (in pink) of the first eight carboxylic acids (°C)For most substances, melting and freezing points are approximately equal. For example, the melting and freezing points of mercury is 234.32 kelvins (−38.83 °C; −37.89 °F).[2] However, certain substances possess differing solid-liquid transition temperatures. For example, agar melts at 85 °C (185 °F; 358 K) and solidifies from 31 °C (88 °F; 304 K); such direction dependence is known as hysteresis. The melting point of ice at 1 atmosphere of pressure is very close[3] to 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K); this is also known as the ice point. In the presence of nucleating substances, the freezing point of water is not always the same as the melting point. In the absence of nucleators water can exist as a supercooled liquid down to −48.3 °C (−54.9 °F; 224.8 K) before freezing.[4]The metal with the highest melting point is tungsten, at 3,414 °C (6,177 °F; 3,687 K);[5] this property makes tungsten excellent for use as electrical filaments in incandescent lamps. The often-cited carbon does not melt at ambient pressure but sublimes at about 3,700 °C (6,700 °F; 4,000 K); a liquid phase only exists above pressures of 10 MPa (99 atm) and estimated 4,030–4,430 °C (7,290–8,010 °F; 4,300–4,700 K) (see carbon phase diagram). Hafnium carbonitride (HfCN) is a refractory compound with the highest known melting point of any substance to date and the only one confirmed to have a melting point above 4,273 K (4,000 °C; 7,232 °F) at ambient pressure. Quantum mechanical computer simulations predicted that this alloy (HfN0.38C0.51) would have a melting point of about 4,400 K.[6] This prediction was later confirmed by experiment, though a precise measurement of its exact melting point has yet to be confirmed.[7] At the other end of the scale, helium does not freeze at all at normal pressure even at temperatures arbitrarily close to absolute zero; a pressure of more than twenty times normal atmospheric pressure is necessary.","title":"Examples"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koflerbank.jpg"},{"link_name":"laboratory techniques","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_techniques"},{"link_name":"Kofler bench","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofler_bench"},{"link_name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry"},{"link_name":"enthalpy of fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kr%C3%BCss_M5000.jpg"},{"link_name":"oil bath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_bath"},{"link_name":"Thiele tube","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiele_tube"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Kofler bench with samples for calibrationMany laboratory techniques exist for the determination of melting points.\nA Kofler bench is a metal strip with a temperature gradient (range from room temperature to 300 °C). Any substance can be placed on a section of the strip, revealing its thermal behaviour at the temperature at that point. Differential scanning calorimetry gives information on melting point together with its enthalpy of fusion.Automatic digital melting point meterA basic melting point apparatus for the analysis of crystalline solids consists of an oil bath with a transparent window (most basic design: a Thiele tube) and a simple magnifier. Several grains of a solid are placed in a thin glass tube and partially immersed in the oil bath. The oil bath is heated (and stirred) and with the aid of the magnifier (and external light source) melting of the individual crystals at a certain temperature can be observed. A metal block might be used instead of an oil bath. Some modern instruments have automatic optical detection.The measurement can also be made continuously with an operating process. For instance, oil refineries measure the freeze point of diesel fuel \"online\", meaning that the sample is taken from the process and measured automatically. This allows for more frequent measurements as the sample does not have to be manually collected and taken to a remote laboratory.[citation needed]","title":"Melting point measurements"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"pyrometer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrometer"},{"link_name":"Planck's law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck%27s_law"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"emissivity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissivity"}],"sub_title":"Techniques for refractory materials","text":"For refractory materials (e.g. platinum, tungsten, tantalum, some carbides and nitrides, etc.) the extremely high melting point (typically considered to be above, say, 1,800 °C) may be determined by heating the material in a black body furnace and measuring the black-body temperature with an optical pyrometer. For the highest melting materials, this may require extrapolation by several hundred degrees. The spectral radiance from an incandescent body is known to be a function of its temperature. An optical pyrometer matches the radiance of a body under study to the radiance of a source that has been previously calibrated as a function of temperature. In this way, the measurement of the absolute magnitude of the intensity of radiation is unnecessary. However, known temperatures must be used to determine the calibration of the pyrometer. For temperatures above the calibration range of the source, an extrapolation technique must be employed. This extrapolation is accomplished by using Planck's law of radiation. The constants in this equation are not known with sufficient accuracy, causing errors in the extrapolation to become larger at higher temperatures. However, standard techniques have been developed to perform this extrapolation.[citation needed]Consider the case of using gold as the source (mp = 1,063 °C). In this technique, the current through the filament of the pyrometer is adjusted until the light intensity of the filament matches that of a black-body at the melting point of gold. This establishes the primary calibration temperature and can be expressed in terms of current through the pyrometer lamp. With the same current setting, the pyrometer is sighted on another black-body at a higher temperature. An absorbing medium of known transmission is inserted between the pyrometer and this black-body. The temperature of the black-body is then adjusted until a match exists between its intensity and that of the pyrometer filament. The true higher temperature of the black-body is then determined from Planck's Law. The absorbing medium is then removed and the current through the filament is adjusted to match the filament intensity to that of the black-body. This establishes a second calibration point for the pyrometer. This step is repeated to carry the calibration to higher temperatures. Now, temperatures and their corresponding pyrometer filament currents are known and a curve of temperature versus current can be drawn. This curve can then be extrapolated to very high temperatures.In determining melting points of a refractory substance by this method, it is necessary to either have black body conditions or to know the emissivity of the material being measured. The containment of the high melting material in the liquid state may introduce experimental difficulties. Melting temperatures of some refractory metals have thus been measured by observing the radiation from a black body cavity in solid metal specimens that were much longer than they were wide. To form such a cavity, a hole is drilled perpendicular to the long axis at the center of a rod of the material. These rods are then heated by passing a very large current through them, and the radiation emitted from the hole is observed with an optical pyrometer. The point of melting is indicated by the darkening of the hole when the liquid phase appears, destroying the black body conditions. Today, containerless laser heating techniques, combined with fast pyrometers and spectro-pyrometers, are employed to allow for precise control of the time for which the sample is kept at extreme temperatures. Such experiments of sub-second duration address several of the challenges associated with more traditional melting point measurements made at very high temperatures, such as sample vaporization and reaction with the container.","title":"Melting point measurements"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Melting_curve_of_water.svg"},{"link_name":"heat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat"},{"link_name":"heat of fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_fusion"},{"link_name":"latent heat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Gibbs free energy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy"},{"link_name":"enthalpy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy"},{"link_name":"entropy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy"},{"link_name":"pressure","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure"},{"link_name":"boiling point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"purity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Purity"},{"link_name":"solidus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidus_(chemistry)"},{"link_name":"liquidus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidus"},{"link_name":"glasses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass"},{"link_name":"glass transition","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition"},{"link_name":"viscous liquid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscous_liquid"},{"link_name":"softening points","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softening_point"}],"text":"Pressure dependence of water melting point.For a solid to melt, heat is required to raise its temperature to the melting point. However, further heat needs to be supplied for the melting to take place: this is called the heat of fusion, and is an example of latent heat.[citation needed]From a thermodynamics point of view, at the melting point the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the material is zero, but the enthalpy (H) and the entropy (S) of the material are increasing (ΔH, ΔS > 0). Melting phenomenon happens when the Gibbs free energy of the liquid becomes lower than the solid for that material. At various pressures this happens at a specific temperature. It can also be shown that:Δ\n S\n =\n \n \n \n Δ\n H\n \n T\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\Delta S={\\frac {\\Delta H}{T}}}Here T, ΔS and ΔH are respectively the temperature at the melting point, change of entropy of melting and the change of enthalpy of melting.The melting point is sensitive to extremely large changes in pressure, but generally this sensitivity is orders of magnitude less than that for the boiling point, because the solid-liquid transition represents only a small change in volume.[10][11] If, as observed in most cases, a substance is more dense in the solid than in the liquid state, the melting point will increase with increases in pressure. Otherwise the reverse behavior occurs. Notably, this is the case of water, as illustrated graphically to the right, but also of Si, Ge, Ga, Bi. With extremely large changes in pressure, substantial changes to the melting point are observed. For example, the melting point of silicon at ambient pressure (0.1 MPa) is 1415 °C, but at pressures in excess of 10 GPa it decreases to 1000 °C.[12]Melting points are often used to characterize organic and inorganic compounds and to ascertain their purity. The melting point of a pure substance is always higher and has a smaller range than the melting point of an impure substance or, more generally, of mixtures. The higher the quantity of other components, the lower the melting point and the broader will be the melting point range, often referred to as the \"pasty range\". The temperature at which melting begins for a mixture is known as the solidus while the temperature where melting is complete is called the liquidus. Eutectics are special types of mixtures that behave like single phases. They melt sharply at a constant temperature to form a liquid of the same composition. Alternatively, on cooling a liquid with the eutectic composition will solidify as uniformly dispersed, small (fine-grained) mixed crystals with the same composition.In contrast to crystalline solids, glasses do not possess a melting point;\non heating they undergo a smooth glass transition into a viscous liquid.\nUpon further heating, they gradually soften, which can be characterized by certain softening points.","title":"Thermodynamics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"solvent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent"},{"link_name":"solution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_(chemistry)"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"The freezing point of a solvent is depressed when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a lower freezing point than a pure solvent. This phenomenon is used in technical applications to avoid freezing, for instance by adding salt or ethylene glycol to water.[citation needed]","title":"Freezing-point depression"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"organic chemistry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_chemistry"},{"link_name":"Thomas Carnelley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Carnelley&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"molecular symmetry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_symmetry"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"structural isomers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_isomer"},{"link_name":"molecular formula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_formula"},{"link_name":"isopentane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopentane"},{"link_name":"n-pentane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-pentane"},{"link_name":"neopentane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopentane"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"xylenes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylene"},{"link_name":"dichlorobenzenes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichlorobenzene"},{"link_name":"meta, ortho and then para","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arene_substitution_patterns"},{"link_name":"Pyridine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine"},{"link_name":"benzene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene"},{"link_name":"diazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazine"},{"link_name":"triazines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triazine"},{"link_name":"adamantane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamantane"},{"link_name":"cubane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubane"},{"link_name":"heat of fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_fusion"},{"link_name":"entropy of fusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_of_fusion"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Si(tms)4.png"},{"link_name":"tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gilman-18"}],"text":"In organic chemistry, Carnelley's rule, established in 1882 by Thomas Carnelley, states that high molecular symmetry is associated with high melting point.[13] Carnelley based his rule on examination of 15,000 chemical compounds. For example, for three structural isomers with molecular formula C5H12 the melting point increases in the series isopentane −160 °C (113 K) n-pentane −129.8 °C (143 K) and neopentane −16.4 °C (256.8 K).[14] Likewise in xylenes and also dichlorobenzenes the melting point increases in the order meta, ortho and then para. Pyridine has a lower symmetry than benzene hence its lower melting point but the melting point again increases with diazine and triazines. Many cage-like compounds like adamantane and cubane with high symmetry have relatively high melting points.A high melting point results from a high heat of fusion, a low entropy of fusion, or a combination of both. In highly symmetrical molecules the crystal phase is densely packed with many efficient intermolecular interactions resulting in a higher enthalpy change on melting.Like many high symmetry compounds, tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane has a very high melting point (m.p.) of 319-321 °C. It tends to sublime, so the m.p. determination requires that the sample be sealed in a tube.[15]","title":"Carnelley's rule"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Frederick Lindemann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Lindemann"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lindemann1910-19"},{"link_name":"root mean square amplitude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square_amplitude"},{"link_name":"equipartition theorem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipartition_theorem"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sorkin-20"},{"link_name":"atomic mass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass"},{"link_name":"frequency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency"},{"link_name":"Boltzmann constant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_constant"},{"link_name":"absolute temperature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature"},{"link_name":"Lindemann constant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindemann_index"},{"link_name":"atomic spacing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_spacing"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hofmann-21"},{"link_name":"Debye frequency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye_frequency"},{"link_name":"Debye temperature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye_temperature"},{"link_name":"Planck constant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Nelson-22"}],"text":"An attempt to predict the bulk melting point of crystalline materials was first made in 1910 by Frederick Lindemann.[16] The idea behind the theory was the observation that the average amplitude of thermal vibrations increases with increasing temperature. Melting initiates when the amplitude of vibration becomes large enough for adjacent atoms to partly occupy the same space. The Lindemann criterion states that melting is expected when the vibration root mean square amplitude exceeds a threshold value.Assuming that all atoms in a crystal vibrate with the same frequency ν, the average thermal energy can be estimated using the equipartition theorem as[17]E\n =\n 4\n \n π\n \n 2\n \n \n m\n \n ν\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n u\n \n 2\n \n \n =\n \n k\n \n \n B\n \n \n \n T\n \n \n {\\displaystyle E=4\\pi ^{2}m\\nu ^{2}~u^{2}=k_{\\rm {B}}T}where m is the atomic mass, ν is the frequency, u is the average vibration amplitude, kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the absolute temperature. If the threshold value of u2 is c2a2 where c is the Lindemann constant and a is the atomic spacing, then the melting point is estimated asT\n \n \n m\n \n \n \n =\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 4\n \n π\n \n 2\n \n \n m\n \n ν\n \n 2\n \n \n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n k\n \n \n B\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{\\rm {m}}={\\cfrac {4\\pi ^{2}m\\nu ^{2}c^{2}a^{2}}{k_{\\rm {B}}}}.}Several other expressions for the estimated melting temperature can be obtained depending on the estimate of the average thermal energy. Another commonly used expression for the Lindemann criterion is[18]T\n \n \n m\n \n \n \n =\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 4\n \n π\n \n 2\n \n \n m\n \n ν\n \n 2\n \n \n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2\n \n k\n \n \n B\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{\\rm {m}}={\\cfrac {4\\pi ^{2}m\\nu ^{2}c^{2}a^{2}}{2k_{\\rm {B}}}}.}From the expression for the Debye frequency for ν,T\n \n \n m\n \n \n \n =\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 2\n π\n m\n \n c\n \n 2\n \n \n \n a\n \n 2\n \n \n \n θ\n \n \n D\n \n \n \n 2\n \n \n \n k\n \n \n B\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n h\n \n 2\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle T_{\\rm {m}}={\\cfrac {2\\pi mc^{2}a^{2}\\theta _{\\rm {D}}^{2}k_{\\rm {B}}}{h^{2}}}}where θD is the Debye temperature and h is the Planck constant. Values of c range from 0.15 to 0.3 for most materials.[19]","title":"Predicting the melting point of substances (Lindemann's criterion)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alfa Aesar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa_Aesar"},{"link_name":"open data","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LangGuha-23"},{"link_name":"mined","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining"},{"link_name":"patents","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tetko-24"},{"link_name":"random forest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_forest"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LangGuha-23"},{"link_name":"support vector machines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_vector_machine"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tetko-24"}],"sub_title":"Databases and automated prediction","text":"In February 2011, Alfa Aesar released over 10,000 melting points of compounds from their catalog as open data[20] and similar data has been mined from patents.[21] The Alfa Aesar and patent data have been summarized in (respectively) random forest[20] and support vector machines.[21]","title":"Predicting the melting point of substances (Lindemann's criterion)"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Melting point of the elements"}]
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[{"image_text":"Ice cubes put in water will start to melt when they reach their melting point of 0 °C","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Melting_ice_thermometer.jpg/220px-Melting_ice_thermometer.jpg"},{"image_text":"Melting points (in blue) and boiling points (in pink) of the first eight carboxylic acids (°C)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Carboxylic.Acids.Melting.%26.Boiling.Points.jpg/290px-Carboxylic.Acids.Melting.%26.Boiling.Points.jpg"},{"image_text":"Kofler bench with samples for calibration","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Koflerbank.jpg/220px-Koflerbank.jpg"},{"image_text":"Automatic digital melting point meter","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kr%C3%BCss_M5000.jpg/170px-Kr%C3%BCss_M5000.jpg"},{"image_text":"Pressure dependence of water melting point.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Melting_curve_of_water.svg/320px-Melting_curve_of_water.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Like many high symmetry compounds, tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane has a very high melting point (m.p.) of 319-321 °C. It tends to sublime, so the m.p. determination requires that the sample be sealed in a tube.[15]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Si%28tms%294.png/180px-Si%28tms%294.png"}]
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[{"title":"Boiling point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point"},{"title":"Congruent melting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruent_melting"},{"title":"Hagedorn temperature","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagedorn_temperature"},{"title":"Hafnium carbonitride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium_carbonitride"},{"title":"List of elements by melting point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_melting_point"},{"title":"Melting points of the elements (data page)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)"},{"title":"Phase diagram","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram"},{"title":"Simon–Glatzel equation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%E2%80%93Glatzel_equation"},{"title":"Slip melting point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_melting_point"},{"title":"Triple point","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_point"},{"title":"Zone melting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_melting"}]
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[{"reference":"Ramsay, J. A. (1 May 1949). \"A New Method of Freezing-Point Determination for Small Quantities\". Journal of Experimental Biology. 26 (1): 57–64. doi:10.1242/jeb.26.1.57. PMID 15406812.","urls":[{"url":"http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15406812","url_text":"\"A New Method of Freezing-Point Determination for Small Quantities\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.26.1.57","url_text":"10.1242/jeb.26.1.57"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15406812","url_text":"15406812"}]},{"reference":"Feistel, R. & Wagner, W. (2006). \"A New Equation of State for H2O Ice Ih\". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 35 (2): 1021–1047. Bibcode:2006JPCRD..35.1021F. doi:10.1063/1.2183324.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006JPCRD..35.1021F","url_text":"2006JPCRD..35.1021F"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2183324","url_text":"10.1063/1.2183324"}]},{"reference":"Kringle, Loni; Thornley, Wyatt A.; Kay, Bruce D.; Kimmel, Greg A. (18 September 2020). \"Reversible structural transformations in supercooled liquid water from 135 to 245 K\". Science. 369 (6510): 1490–1492. arXiv:1912.06676. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1490K. doi:10.1126/science.abb7542. ISSN 0036-8075.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb7542","url_text":"\"Reversible structural transformations in supercooled liquid water from 135 to 245 K\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)","url_text":"arXiv"},{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.06676","url_text":"1912.06676"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Sci...369.1490K","url_text":"2020Sci...369.1490K"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.abb7542","url_text":"10.1126/science.abb7542"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075","url_text":"0036-8075"}]},{"reference":"Hong, Q.-J.; van de Walle, A. (2015). \"Prediction of the material with highest known melting point from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations\". Phys. Rev. B. 92 (2): 020104(R). Bibcode:2015PhRvB..92b0104H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.92.020104.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.92.020104","url_text":"\"Prediction of the material with highest known melting point from ab initio molecular dynamics calculations\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhRvB..92b0104H","url_text":"2015PhRvB..92b0104H"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.92.020104","url_text":"10.1103/PhysRevB.92.020104"}]},{"reference":"Buinevich, V.S.; Nepapushev, A.A.; Moskovskikh, D.O.; Trusov, G.V.; Kuskov, K.V.; Vadchenko, S.G.; Rogachev, A.S.; Mukasyan, A.S. (March 2020). \"Fabrication of ultra-high-temperature nonstoichiometric hafnium carbonitride via combustion synthesis and spark plasma sintering\". Ceramics International. 46 (10): 16068–16073. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.158. S2CID 216437833.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ceramint.2020.03.158","url_text":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.158"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216437833","url_text":"216437833"}]},{"reference":"Holman, S. W.; Lawrence, R. R.; Barr, L. (1 January 1895). \"Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum\". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 218–233. doi:10.2307/20020628. JSTOR 20020628.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20020628","url_text":"10.2307/20020628"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)","url_text":"JSTOR"},{"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20020628","url_text":"20020628"}]},{"reference":"\"Carbon\". rsc.org.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/6/carbon","url_text":"\"Carbon\""}]},{"reference":"\"J10 Heat: Change of aggregate state of substances through change of heat content: Change of aggregate state of substances and the equation of Clapeyron-Clausius\". Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20080228000000/http://mpec.sc.mahidol.ac.th/RADOK/physmath/PHYSICS/j10.htm","url_text":"\"J10 Heat: Change of aggregate state of substances through change of heat content: Change of aggregate state of substances and the equation of Clapeyron-Clausius\""},{"url":"http://mpec.sc.mahidol.ac.th/RADOK/physmath/PHYSICS/j10.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Brown, R. J. C. & R. F. C. (2000). \"Melting Point and Molecular Symmetry\". Journal of Chemical Education. 77 (6): 724. Bibcode:2000JChEd..77..724B. doi:10.1021/ed077p724.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Education","url_text":"Journal of Chemical Education"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JChEd..77..724B","url_text":"2000JChEd..77..724B"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed077p724","url_text":"10.1021/ed077p724"}]},{"reference":"Gilman, H.; Smith, C. L. (1967). \"Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silane\". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 8 (2): 245–253. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)91037-4.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0022-328X%2800%2991037-4","url_text":"10.1016/S0022-328X(00)91037-4"}]},{"reference":"Lindemann FA (1910). \"The calculation of molecular vibration frequencies\". Phys. Z. 11: 609–612.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Lindemann","url_text":"Lindemann FA"}]},{"reference":"Philip Hofmann (2008). Solid state physics: an introduction. Wiley-VCH. p. 67. ISBN 978-3-527-40861-0. Retrieved 13 March 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=XfIpxi4kcM4C&pg=PA67","url_text":"Solid state physics: an introduction"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-527-40861-0","url_text":"978-3-527-40861-0"}]},{"reference":"Bradley, Jean-Claude; Lang, Andrew; Williams, Antony; Curtin, Evan (11 August 2011). \"ONS Open Melting Point Collection\". Nature Precedings. doi:10.1038/npre.2011.6229.1.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnpre.2011.6229.1","url_text":"\"ONS Open Melting Point Collection\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnpre.2011.6229.1","url_text":"10.1038/npre.2011.6229.1"}]},{"reference":"Tetko, Igor V; m. Lowe, Daniel; Williams, Antony J (2016). \"The development of models to predict melting and pyrolysis point data associated with several hundred thousand compounds mined from PATENTS\". Journal of Cheminformatics. 8: 2. doi:10.1186/s13321-016-0113-y. PMC 4724158. PMID 26807157.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724158","url_text":"\"The development of models to predict melting and pyrolysis point data associated with several hundred thousand compounds mined from PATENTS\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13321-016-0113-y","url_text":"10.1186/s13321-016-0113-y"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_(identifier)","url_text":"PMC"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724158","url_text":"4724158"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26807157","url_text":"26807157"}]},{"reference":"Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1439855119.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1439855119","url_text":"978-1439855119"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_Lumi%C3%A8re
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Institut Lumière
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["1 Gallery","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 45°44′42.76″N 4°52′13.47″E / 45.7452111°N 4.8704083°E / 45.7452111; 4.8704083Museum in France
The Instiut Lumière in Lyon
The Institut Lumière (pronounced ; "Lumière Institute") is a French organisation, based in Lyon, for the promotion and preservation of aspects of French film making. The Institut Lumière is a museum that honours the contribution to filmmaking by Auguste and Louis Lumière, inventors of the cinématographe and fathers of the cinema.
It was founded in 1982 by Bernard Chardère and Maurice Trarieux-Lumière, the grandson of Louis Lumière. Bertrand Tavernier was its president and Thierry Frémaux is its director. The museum is located within the house of the Lumière family, in the Monplaisir quarter of Lyon. The film La Sortie de l'usine Lumière à Lyon, one of the earliest motion pictures ever made, was shot in the immediate vicinity of the Institut.
The rehabilitation of the former Lumière factories was confided to the architect Pierre Colboc and the Chief architect of historic monuments Didier Repellin, associated with the agency dUCKS Scéno for the scenography of the cinema and the outer spaces.
Gallery
The present-day entrance to the institute, with a glass projection displaying where factory workers were captured on film leaving the factory
See also
Place Ambroise-Courtois
Jacques Deray Prize, a film award presented by the Institut Lumière
References
^ Mandelbaum, Jacques (24 January 2017). "" Lumière !, l'aventure commence " : les toutes premières fois du cinéma". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 10 February 2017.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Institut Lumière.
Official website
45°44′42.76″N 4°52′13.47″E / 45.7452111°N 4.8704083°E / 45.7452111; 4.8704083
This article related to a film organization is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"title":"Place Ambroise-Courtois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Ambroise-Courtois"},{"title":"Jacques Deray Prize","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Deray_Prize"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament
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1962 NCAA University Division basketball tournament
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["1 Locations","2 Teams","3 Bracket","3.1 East region","3.2 Mideast region","3.3 Midwest region","3.4 West region","3.5 Final Four","3.6 National Third-Place Game","3.7 Regional Third-Place Games","4 See also","5 References"]
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Edition of USA college basketball tournament
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1962 NCAA University Divisionbasketball tournamentSeason1961–62Teams25Finals siteFreedom HallLouisville, KentuckyChampionsCincinnati Bearcats (2nd title, 2nd title game,4th Final Four)Runner-upOhio State Buckeyes (4th title game,7th Final Four)SemifinalistsUCLA Bruins (1st Final Four)Wake Forest Demon Deacons (1st Final Four)Winning coachEd Jucker (2nd title)MOPPaul Hogue (Cincinnati)Attendance177,469Top scorerLen Chappell (Wake Forest)(134 points)
NCAA Division I men's tournaments
«1961
1963»
The 1962 NCAA University Division basketball tournament involved 25 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball in the United States. It began on March 12, 1962, and ended with the championship game on March 24 in Louisville, Kentucky. A total of 29 games were played, including a third-place game in each region and a national third-place game, which was won by Wake Forest.
For the second consecutive season, Cincinnati, coached by Ed Jucker, played Ohio State, coached by Fred Taylor, in the final game. Cincinnati won the national title with a 71–59 victory over Ohio State. Paul Hogue of Cincinnati was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.
The total attendance for the tournament was 177,469, a new record.
Locations
Round
Region
Site
Venue
First Round
East
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The Palestra
Mideast
Lexington, Kentucky
Memorial Coliseum
Midwest
Dallas, Texas
SMU Coliseum
West
Corvallis, Oregon
Oregon State Coliseum
Regionals
East
College Park, Maryland
Cole Field House
Mideast
Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa Field House
Midwest
Manhattan, Kansas
Ahearn Field House
West
Provo, Utah
Smith Fieldhouse
Final Four
Louisville, Kentucky
Freedom Hall
Teams
Region
Team
Coach
Conference
Finished
Final Opponent
Score
East
East
Massachusetts
Matt Zunic
Yankee
First round
NYU
L 70–50
East
NYU
Lou Rossini
Metro NY
Regional third place
Saint Joseph's
W 94–85
East
Saint Joseph's
Jack Ramsay
Middle Atlantic
Regional Fourth Place
NYU
L 94–85
East
Villanova
Jack Kraft
Independent
Regional Runner-up
Wake Forest
L 79–69
East
Wake Forest
Bones McKinney
Atlantic Coast
Third Place
UCLA
W 82–80
East
West Virginia
George King
Southern
First round
Villanova
L 90–75
East
Yale
Joe Vancisin
Ivy League
First round
Wake Forest
L 92–82
Mideast
Mideast
Bowling Green
Harold Anderson
Mid-American
First round
Butler
L 56–55
Mideast
Butler
Tony Hinkle
Independent
Regional third place
Western Kentucky
W 87–86
Mideast
Detroit
Bob Calihan
Independent
First round
Western Kentucky
L 90–81
Mideast
Kentucky
Adolph Rupp
Southeastern
Regional Runner-up
Ohio State
L 74–64
Mideast
Ohio State
Fred Taylor
Big Ten
Runner Up
Cincinnati
L 71–59
Mideast
Western Kentucky
Ed Diddle
Ohio Valley
Regional Fourth Place
Butler
L 87–86
Midwest
Midwest
Air Force
Bob Spear
Independent
First round
Texas Tech
L 68–66
Midwest
Cincinnati
Ed Jucker
Missouri Valley
Champion
Ohio State
W 71–59
Midwest
Colorado
Sox Walseth
Big 8
Regional Runner-up
Cincinnati
L 73–46
Midwest
Creighton
Red McManus
Independent
Regional third place
Texas Tech
W 63–61
Midwest
Memphis State
Bob Vanatta
Independent
First round
Creighton
L 87–83
Midwest
Texas Tech
Gene Gibson
Southwest
Regional Fourth Place
Creighton
L 63–61
West
West
Arizona State
Ned Wulk
Border
First round
Utah State
L 78–73
West
Oregon State
Slats Gill
Independent
Regional Runner-up
UCLA
L 88–69
West
Pepperdine
Duck Dowell
West Coast Athletic
Regional third place
Utah State
W 75–71
West
Seattle
Vince Cazzetta
Independent
First round
Oregon State
L 69–65
West
UCLA
John Wooden
AAWU
Fourth Place
Wake Forest
L 82–80
West
Utah State
LaDell Andersen
Mountain States
Regional Fourth Place
Pepperdine
L 75–71
Bracket
* – Denotes overtime period
East region
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Saint Joseph's
85*
Wake Forest
96
Wake Forest
92
Yale
82*
Wake Forest
79
Villanova
69
NYU
70
Massachusetts
50
NYU
76
Villanova
79
Villanova
90
West Virginia
75
Mideast region
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Kentucky
81
Butler
60
Butler
56
Bowling Green
55
Kentucky
64
Ohio State
74
Ohio State
93
Western Kentucky
73
Western Kentucky
90
Detroit
81
Midwest region
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Colorado
67
Texas Tech
60
Texas Tech
68
Air Force
66
Colorado
46
Cincinnati
73
Cincinnati
66
Creighton
46
Creighton
87
Memphis State
83
West region
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Pepperdine
67
Oregon State
69
Oregon State
69
Seattle
65*
Oregon State
69
UCLA
88
UCLA
73
Utah State
62
Utah State
78
Arizona State
73
Final Four
National Semifinals
National Championship Game
E
Wake Forest
68
ME
Ohio State
84
ME
Ohio State
59
MW
Cincinnati
71
MW
Cincinnati
72
W
UCLA
70
National Third-Place Game
National Third Place Game
E
Wake Forest
82
W
UCLA
80
Regional Third-Place Games
East Regional third place
NYU
94
Saint Joseph's
85
Mideast Regional third place
Butler
87
Western Kentucky
86
Midwest Regional third place
Creighton
63
Texas Tech
61
West Regional third place
Pepperdine
75
Utah State
71
See also
1962 NCAA College Division basketball tournament
1962 National Invitation Tournament
1962 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament
References
^ Smith Barrier, "Unusual West Coast Watch Factory -- They Don't Make Any, Just Win Them", 1972 Official Collegiate Basketball Guide, Published by College Athletics Publishing Service
^ "1954 NCAA basketball tournament Bracket". Retrieved October 14, 2011.
vteNCAA Division I men's basketball tournamentTournaments
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1945
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1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
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1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
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2014
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2018
2019
2020
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2024
2025
Structure
Selection process
Venues
No. 1 seeds
First Four
Elite Eight
Final four
Champions & awards
List of champions
Most Outstanding Player
Media & culture
Blue bloods
Bracketology
Broadcasting
Tournament
Final Four
Cutting down the nets
March Madness pools
"One Shining Moment"
Records & statistics
Team records
Bids by school
Consecutive appearances
Final Four participants
Final Four appearances by coach
Overall records
Upsets
See also: Division I Women's Tournament, Division II Tournament, Division III Tournament
vteCincinnati Bearcats men's basketball 1961–62 NCAA champions
20 Tony Yates
21 Ron Bonham
22 Paul Hogue (MOP)
25 Tom Thacker
32 George Wilson
Head coach
Ed Jucker
Assistant coach
Tay Baker
vteCollege Basketball on ABCRelated articles
ESPN College Basketball
commentators
NBA on ABC
Wide Word of Sports
Raycom Sports
Men's college basketball on television
Commentators
ACC Men's Finals
McDonald's All-American Game
Men's Final Four
SEC Men's Finals
Southwest Conference Men's Finals
Play-by-play
Dave Armstrong
Dave Barnett
Gary Bender
Jason Benetti
Tim Brando
Tim Brant
Bob Carpenter
Bill Doleman
Ron Franklin
Terry Gannon
Mike Goldberg
Keith Jackson
Mark Jones
Jim Lampley
Wayne Larrivee
Chris Marlowe
Al Michaels
Brent Musburger
Brad Nessler
Dave O'Brien
Dave Pasch
Steve Physioc
Robin Roberts
Jon Sciambi
Dan Shulman
Dave Strader
Gary Thorne
Mike Tirico
Barry Tompkins
Al Trautwig
Roger Twibell
Fred White
Bob Wischusen
Colorcommentators
Stephen Bardo
Jay Bilas
Quinn Buckner
Larry Conley
Brad Daugherty
Jimmy Dykes
Len Elmore
Larry Farmer
Fran Fraschilla
Terry Gannon
Doug Gottlieb
Joe B. Hall
Steve Lavin
Tim McCormick
John Mengelt
Ann Meyers
Cheryl Miller
Bob Ortegel
Digger Phelps
David Robinson
Bill Russell
Paul Splittorff
Jon Sundvold
Gary Thompson
Bob Valvano
Jim Valvano
Dick Vitale
Bill Walton
Bob Wenzel
Studio hosts, analysts,and reporters
Thea Andrews
Jack Arute
Bonnie Bernstein
Tom Brennan
Terry Gannon
Doug Gottlieb
Karl Ravech
John Saunders
NCAA Division Imen's tournament
1962
ACC men's tournament
1978
Big Eight ConferenceTournament
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
McDonald'sAll-American Game
1987
1988
1989
1990
Pac-10 Conferencemen's tournament
1987
1988
1989
1990
SEC men's tournament
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
2010
2011
2012
2013
Southwest Conferencemen's tournament
1991
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_(publisher)
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Brill Publishers
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["1 Areas of publication","2 History","2.1 Luchtmans, 1683–1848","2.2 E. J. Brill, 1848–1896","2.3 Brill goes public, 1896–1945; World War II","2.4 Brill's recent history, 1945–present","3 Imprints","3.1 Nijhoff","3.2 Rodopi","3.3 Wageningen Academic","4 Open access","5 Brill Typeface","6 See also","7 Notes","8 Further reading","9 External links"]
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Dutch international academic publisher
Brill PublishersParent companyDe Gruyter BrillFounded1683; 341 years ago (1683)FounderJordaan LuchtmansCountry of originNetherlandsHeadquarters locationLeidenDistributionTurpin DistributionPublication typesBooks, academic journalsImprintsGlobal Oriental, Hotei Publishing, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Rodopi, Brill Wageningen AcademicOfficial websitebrill.com
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
Brill was founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands. With offices in Leiden, Boston, Paderborn and Singapore, Brill today publishes 600 journals and around 2000 new books and reference works each year, "all Brill Open Access articles are subject to external, single or double-blind peer review." In addition, Brill provides primary source materials online and on microform for researchers in the humanities and social sciences.
Main office building of Brill, Leiden
Areas of publication
Brill publishes in the following subject areas:
Humanities:
African Studies
American Studies
Ancient Near East and Egypt Studies
Archaeology, Art & Architecture
Asian Studies (Hotei Publishing and Global Oriental imprints)
Classical Studies
Education
Jewish Studies
Literature and Cultural Studies (under the Brill-Rodopi imprint)
Media Studies
Middle East and Islamic Studies
Philosophy
Religious Studies
Slavic and Eurasian Studies
Law (under the Brill-Nijhoff imprint):
Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
International Law
International Relations
Sciences:
Biology
Social Sciences
Anthropology
Cartography
History
Language and Linguistics
Political Science
Sociology
Ecclesiology
Biblical Studies and Early Christianity
Theology and World Christianity
History
Luchtmans, 1683–1848
The roots of Brill go back to 17 May 1683, when the Leiden booksellers' guild registered Jordaan Luchtmans as a bookseller. As was customary at the time, Luchtmans combined his bookselling business with publishing, primarily in the fields of biblical studies, theology, Asian languages, and ethnography. Luchtmans established close ties with the University of Leiden, which was then a major center of study in these areas.
E. J. Brill, 1848–1896
E. J. Brill (Collection Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum)
In 1848, the business passed from the Luchtmans family to former employee E. J. (Evert Jan) Brill. In order to cover the financial obligations that he inherited, E. J. Brill liquidated the entire Luchtmans book stock in a series of auctions that took place between 1848 and 1850. Brill continued to publish in the traditional core areas of the company, with occasional excursions into other fields. Thus, in 1882, the firm brought out a two-volume Leerboek der Stoomwerktuigkunde ("Handbook of Steam Engineering"). More programmatically, however, in 1855 Het Gebed des Heeren in veertien talen ("The Lord's Prayer in Fourteen Languages") was meant to publicize Brill's ability to typeset non-Latin alphabets, including Hebrew, Aramaic, Samaritan, Sanskrit, Coptic, Syriac, and Arabic, among others.
Brill goes public, 1896–1945; World War II
In 1896, Brill became a public limited company, when E. J. Brill's successors, A. P. M. van Oordt and Frans de Stoppelaar, both businessmen with some academic background and interest, died. A series of directors followed, until Theunis Folkers took over the reins in 1934. At the time, the annual turnover was 132,000 guilders. His directorship marked a period of unprecedented growth in the history of the company, due to a large extent to Folkers' cooperation with the German occupying forces during World War II. For the Germans, Brill printed foreign-language textbooks so that they could manage the territories they occupied, but also military manuals, such as "a manual which trained German officers to distinguish the insignias of the Russian army". By 1943, the company's turnover had reached 579,000 guilders.
Brill's recent history, 1945–present
After the war, the Dutch denazification committee determined the presence of "enemy money" in Brill's accounts. Folkers was arrested in September 1946, and deprived of the right to hold a managerial post. The company itself, however, escaped the aftermath of the war relatively unscathed; after some negotiation its fines were fixed at 57,000 guilders.
Brill's path in the post-war years was again marked by ups and downs, though the company remained faithful in its commitment to scholarly publishing. The late 1980s saw an acute crisis due to over-expansion, poor management, as well as general changes in the publishing industry. Thus, in 1988–91 under new management the company underwent a major restructuring, in the course of which it closed some of its foreign offices, including Cologne. Its London branch was already closed by then. Brill, moreover, sold its printing business, which amounted "to amputat its own limb". This was considered painful, but necessary to save the company as a whole. No jobs were lost in the process. The reorganization saved the company, which has since expanded. As of 2008, Brill was publishing around 600 books and 100 journals each year, with a turnover of 26 million euros.
On 12 October 2023, Brill and the German publisher De Gruyter jointly announced the intent to merge the two firms.
Imprints
Nijhoff
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers was founded in 1853 by Martinus Nijhoff , grandfather of the Dutch poet of the same name and a seller of rare books. In the 1970s and 80s it became well known as an independent international law publisher. It was acquired by Wolters Kluwer in 1970 and subsequently by Brill Publishers in 2003. The name was changed to Brill–Nijhoff in 2013, and it is now an imprint of Brill Publishers. Nijhoff's portfolio focuses on areas in public international law, human rights, on humanitarian law and increasingly on international relations. Its annual publication program consists of over 20 academic journals, 20 annuals, and some 120 new book titles. Its back-list comprises over 2,000 titles.
Rodopi
Rodopi, founded in 1966 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, was an academic publishing company with offices in the Netherlands and the United States. It takes its name from a mountain range in Bulgaria which forms the border with northern Greece.
Rodopi publishes over 150 titles per year in around 70 peer-reviewed book series and journals. Rodopi publications are available in print and electronic formats. Although the main language of publication is English, the multilingual list includes German, French, and Spanish. The backlist contains around 4000 titles.
On 1 January 2014, Rodopi was taken over by Brill.
Wageningen Academic
In April 2022 Brill acquired full ownership of Wageningen Academic Publishers.
Open access
Brill publishes several open access journals and is one of thirteen publishers to participate in the Knowledge Unlatched pilot, a global library consortium approach to funding open access books.
In 2013, Brill created the IFLA/Brill Open Access Award for initiatives in the area of open access monograph publishing together with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
Brill is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.
Brill Typeface
Brill has developed a commercial font, free for personal use, that supports most of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic character ranges, including IPA and historical forms. It has better diacritic rendering than most pre-packaged computer fonts, though not complete IPA coverage.
See also
List of Brill academic journals
Books in the Netherlands
Encyclopaedia of Islam – reference work published by Brill
Notes
^ Ordering from Brill
^ "About". Brill. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
^ "Open Access for Articles". Brill. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
^ "Additional Products".
^ van der Veen, Sytze (2008). Brill, 325 Years of Scholarly Publishing. Leiden: Brill. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-04-17032-2.
^ van der Veen 2008, p. 45.
^ van der Veen 2008, p. 51.
^ a b van der Veen 2008, p. 108.
^ a b van der Veen 2008, pp. 103 and 109.
^ van der Veen 2008, p. 111.
^ van der Veen 2008, p. 115.
^ van der Veen 2008, p. 144.
^ van der Veen 2008, p. 153.
^ "Brill Merges With De Gruyter, Creating World's Largest Humanities Publisher". National Information Standards Organization. October 2023.
^ "Nijhoff (Martinus)". Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Vol. 2. pp. 1010–1011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014.
^ Andriesse, Cornelis (30 November 2008). Dutch Messengers: A History of Science Publishing, 1930-1980. Library of the Written Word. Brill. p. 230. ISBN 978-90-474-2415-4.
^ Annebeth Rosenboom (1997). "Martinus Nijhoff Publishers as Disseminator of UN Information". In Peter I. Hajnal (ed.). International Information: Documents, Publications, and Electronic Information of International Governmental Organizations. Libraries Unlimited. pp. 335–337. ISBN 978-1-56308-147-7.
^ a b Brill Publishers (November 2013). "Change of Martinus Nijhoff Imprint". Archived from the original on 10 November 2013.
^ "Imprints and Trademarks". Brill. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
^ S&P Capital IQ (18 April 2022). "Koninklijke Brill NV acquired Wageningen Academic Publishers B.V. from Enrico Kunst and Mike Jacobs". MarketScreener. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
^ "Open Access with Brill". brill.com.
^ "KU Select For Publishers". knowledgeunlatched.org.
^ "Brill and IFLA announce new OA prize". Research Information. Cambridge, UK: Europa Science Ltd. 15 January 2013. ISSN 1744-8026.
^ Brill Typeface
Further reading
Ophuijsen, J.M. van. (1994). E. J. Brill, three centuries of scholarly publishing, since 1683. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
Verde, Tom (May 2015). "Brill's Bridge to Arabic". Aramco World. Vol. 66, no. 3. Houston: Aramco Services Company. pp. 30–39. ISSN 2376-1075. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
External links
Official website
Brill, Brill Academic, and E. J. Brill at Open Library
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
Spain
France
BnF data
Germany
Israel
United States
Czech Republic
2
Australia
Poland
Portugal
Vatican
Academics
CiNii
Other
IdRef
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"international","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_corporation"},{"link_name":"academic publisher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_publisher"},{"link_name":"journals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_journal"},{"link_name":"Leiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Leiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden"},{"link_name":"Boston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"},{"link_name":"Paderborn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paderborn"},{"link_name":"Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Open Access articles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access_article"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"microform","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microform"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brill_in_Leiden.JPG"}],"text":"Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.Brill was founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands. With offices in Leiden, Boston, Paderborn and Singapore, Brill today publishes 600 journals and around 2000 new books[2] and reference works each year, \"all Brill Open Access articles are subject to external, single or double-blind peer review.\"[3] In addition, Brill provides primary source materials online and on microform for researchers in the humanities and social sciences.[4]Main office building of Brill, Leiden","title":"Brill Publishers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brill-Rodopi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodopi_(publisher)"},{"link_name":"Brill-Nijhoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers"}],"text":"Brill publishes in the following subject areas:Humanities:\nAfrican Studies\nAmerican Studies\nAncient Near East and Egypt Studies\nArchaeology, Art & Architecture\nAsian Studies (Hotei Publishing and Global Oriental imprints)\nClassical Studies\nEducation\nJewish Studies\nLiterature and Cultural Studies (under the Brill-Rodopi imprint)\nMedia Studies\nMiddle East and Islamic Studies\nPhilosophy\nReligious Studies\nSlavic and Eurasian Studies\nLaw (under the Brill-Nijhoff imprint):\nHuman Rights and Humanitarian Law\nInternational Law\nInternational Relations\nSciences:\nBiology\nSocial Sciences\nAnthropology\nCartography\nHistory\nLanguage and Linguistics\nPolitical Science\nSociology\nEcclesiology\nBiblical Studies and Early Christianity\nTheology and World Christianity","title":"Areas of publication"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"University of Leiden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Leiden"}],"sub_title":"Luchtmans, 1683–1848","text":"The roots of Brill go back to 17 May 1683, when the Leiden booksellers' guild registered Jordaan Luchtmans as a bookseller.[5] As was customary at the time, Luchtmans combined his bookselling business with publishing, primarily in the fields of biblical studies, theology, Asian languages, and ethnography. Luchtmans established close ties with the University of Leiden, which was then a major center of study in these areas.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EJBrill.jpg"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen200845-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen200851-7"}],"sub_title":"E. J. Brill, 1848–1896","text":"E. J. Brill (Collection Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum)In 1848, the business passed from the Luchtmans family to former employee E. J. (Evert Jan) Brill. In order to cover the financial obligations that he inherited, E. J. Brill liquidated the entire Luchtmans book stock in a series of auctions that took place between 1848 and 1850.[6] Brill continued to publish in the traditional core areas of the company, with occasional excursions into other fields. Thus, in 1882, the firm brought out a two-volume Leerboek der Stoomwerktuigkunde (\"Handbook of Steam Engineering\"). More programmatically, however, in 1855 Het Gebed des Heeren in veertien talen (\"The Lord's Prayer in Fourteen Languages\") was meant to publicize Brill's ability to typeset non-Latin alphabets, including Hebrew, Aramaic, Samaritan, Sanskrit, Coptic, Syriac, and Arabic, among others.[7]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008108-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008103_and_109-9"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008108-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008103_and_109-9"}],"sub_title":"Brill goes public, 1896–1945; World War II","text":"In 1896, Brill became a public limited company, when E. J. Brill's successors, A. P. M. van Oordt and Frans de Stoppelaar, both businessmen with some academic background and interest, died. A series of directors followed, until Theunis Folkers took over the reins in 1934.[8] At the time, the annual turnover was 132,000 guilders.[9] His directorship marked a period of unprecedented growth in the history of the company, due to a large extent to Folkers' cooperation with the German occupying forces during World War II. For the Germans, Brill printed foreign-language textbooks so that they could manage the territories they occupied, but also military manuals, such as \"a manual which trained German officers to distinguish the insignias of the Russian army\".[8] By 1943, the company's turnover had reached 579,000 guilders.[9]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"denazification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denazification"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008111-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008115-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008144-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Veen2008153-13"},{"link_name":"De Gruyter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Gruyter"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"sub_title":"Brill's recent history, 1945–present","text":"After the war, the Dutch denazification committee determined the presence of \"enemy money\" in Brill's accounts. Folkers was arrested in September 1946, and deprived of the right to hold a managerial post.[10] The company itself, however, escaped the aftermath of the war relatively unscathed; after some negotiation its fines were fixed at 57,000 guilders.[11]Brill's path in the post-war years was again marked by ups and downs, though the company remained faithful in its commitment to scholarly publishing. The late 1980s saw an acute crisis due to over-expansion, poor management, as well as general changes in the publishing industry. Thus, in 1988–91 under new management the company underwent a major restructuring, in the course of which it closed some of its foreign offices, including Cologne. Its London branch was already closed by then. Brill, moreover, sold its printing business, which amounted \"to amputat[ing] its own limb\".[12] This was considered painful, but necessary to save the company as a whole. No jobs were lost in the process. The reorganization saved the company, which has since expanded. As of 2008, Brill was publishing around 600 books and 100 journals each year, with a turnover of 26 million euros.[13]On 12 October 2023, Brill and the German publisher De Gruyter jointly announced the intent to merge the two firms.[14]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Imprints"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Martinus Nijhoff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martinus_Nijhoff_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"nl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_(uitgever)"},{"link_name":"of the same name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"international law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law"},{"link_name":"Wolters Kluwer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolters_Kluwer"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hajnal1997-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brill-18"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Brill-18"},{"link_name":"public international law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_international_law"},{"link_name":"human rights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights"},{"link_name":"humanitarian law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_law"},{"link_name":"international relations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_relations"},{"link_name":"academic journals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_journal"}],"sub_title":"Nijhoff","text":"Martinus Nijhoff Publishers was founded in 1853 by Martinus Nijhoff [nl], grandfather of the Dutch poet of the same name and a seller of rare books.[15] In the 1970s and 80s it became well known as an independent international law publisher. It was acquired by Wolters Kluwer in 1970[16][17] and subsequently by Brill Publishers in 2003.[18] The name was changed to Brill–Nijhoff in 2013,[18] and it is now an imprint of Brill Publishers. Nijhoff's portfolio focuses on areas in public international law, human rights, on humanitarian law and increasingly on international relations. Its annual publication program consists of over 20 academic journals, 20 annuals, and some 120 new book titles. Its back-list comprises over 2,000 titles.","title":"Imprints"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Amsterdam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"a mountain range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains"},{"link_name":"peer-reviewed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review"},{"link_name":"backlist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlist"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"sub_title":"Rodopi","text":"Rodopi, founded in 1966 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, was an academic publishing company with offices in the Netherlands and the United States. It takes its name from a mountain range in Bulgaria which forms the border with northern Greece.Rodopi publishes over 150 titles per year in around 70 peer-reviewed book series and journals. Rodopi publications are available in print and electronic formats. Although the main language of publication is English, the multilingual list includes German, French, and Spanish. The backlist contains around 4000 titles.On 1 January 2014, Rodopi was taken over by Brill.[19]","title":"Imprints"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"sub_title":"Wageningen Academic","text":"In April 2022 Brill acquired full ownership of Wageningen Academic Publishers.[20]","title":"Imprints"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"open access","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Knowledge Unlatched","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Unlatched"},{"link_name":"open access books","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-access_monograph"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Access_Scholarly_Publishers_Association"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"}],"text":"Brill publishes several open access journals[21] and is one of thirteen publishers to participate in the Knowledge Unlatched pilot, a global library consortium approach to funding open access books.[22]In 2013, Brill created the IFLA/Brill Open Access Award for initiatives in the area of open access monograph publishing together with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.[23]Brill is a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.[citation needed]","title":"Open access"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"text":"Brill has developed a commercial font, free for personal use, that supports most of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic character ranges, including IPA and historical forms. It has better diacritic rendering than most pre-packaged computer fonts, though not complete IPA coverage.[24]","title":"Brill Typeface"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"Ordering from Brill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//brill.com/page/Ordering-Trade/ordering"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"About\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//brill.com/page/419226"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"\"Open Access for 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OA prize\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.researchinformation.info/news/brill-and-ifla-announce-new-oa-prize?news_id=1081"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1744-8026","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/1744-8026"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-24"},{"link_name":"Brill Typeface","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//brill.com/page/BrillFont/brill-typeface"}],"text":"^ Ordering from Brill\n\n^ \"About\". Brill. Retrieved 29 January 2024.\n\n^ \"Open Access for Articles\". Brill. Retrieved 29 January 2024.\n\n^ \"Additional Products\".\n\n^ van der Veen, Sytze (2008). Brill, 325 Years of Scholarly Publishing. Leiden: Brill. p. 11. ISBN 978-90-04-17032-2.\n\n^ van der Veen 2008, p. 45.\n\n^ van der Veen 2008, p. 51.\n\n^ a b van der Veen 2008, p. 108.\n\n^ a b van der Veen 2008, pp. 103 and 109.\n\n^ van der Veen 2008, p. 111.\n\n^ van der Veen 2008, p. 115.\n\n^ van der Veen 2008, p. 144.\n\n^ van der Veen 2008, p. 153.\n\n^ \"Brill Merges With De Gruyter, Creating World's Largest Humanities Publisher\". National Information Standards Organization. October 2023.\n\n^ \"Nijhoff (Martinus)\". Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Vol. 2. pp. 1010–1011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014.\n\n^ Andriesse, Cornelis (30 November 2008). Dutch Messengers: A History of Science Publishing, 1930-1980. Library of the Written Word. Brill. p. 230. ISBN 978-90-474-2415-4.\n\n^ Annebeth Rosenboom (1997). \"Martinus Nijhoff Publishers as Disseminator of UN Information\". In Peter I. Hajnal (ed.). International Information: Documents, Publications, and Electronic Information of International Governmental Organizations. Libraries Unlimited. pp. 335–337. ISBN 978-1-56308-147-7.\n\n^ a b Brill Publishers (November 2013). \"Change of Martinus Nijhoff Imprint\". Archived from the original on 10 November 2013.\n\n^ \"Imprints and Trademarks\". Brill. Retrieved 28 December 2021.\n\n^ S&P Capital IQ (18 April 2022). \"Koninklijke Brill NV acquired Wageningen Academic Publishers B.V. from Enrico Kunst and Mike Jacobs\". MarketScreener. Retrieved 9 November 2023.\n\n^ \"Open Access with Brill\". brill.com.\n\n^ \"KU Select For Publishers\". knowledgeunlatched.org.\n\n^ \"Brill and IFLA announce new OA prize\". Research Information. Cambridge, UK: Europa Science Ltd. 15 January 2013. ISSN 1744-8026.\n\n^ Brill Typeface","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Brill's Bridge to Arabic\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/201503/brill.s.bridge.to.arabic.htm"},{"link_name":"ISSN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"2376-1075","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/issn/2376-1075"},{"link_name":"Archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.today/20150729085029/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201503/brill.s.bridge.to.arabic.htm"}],"text":"Ophuijsen, J.M. van. (1994). E. J. Brill, three centuries of scholarly publishing, since 1683. Leiden: Brill Publishers.\nVerde, Tom (May 2015). \"Brill's Bridge to Arabic\". Aramco World. Vol. 66, no. 3. Houston: Aramco Services Company. pp. 30–39. ISSN 2376-1075. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2023.","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"Main office building of Brill, Leiden","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Brill_in_Leiden.JPG/200px-Brill_in_Leiden.JPG"},{"image_text":"E. J. Brill (Collection Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EJBrill.jpg/220px-EJBrill.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"List of Brill academic journals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Brill_Publishers_academic_journals"},{"title":"Books in the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_in_the_Netherlands"},{"title":"Encyclopaedia of Islam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam"}]
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[{"reference":"\"About\". Brill. Retrieved 29 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://brill.com/page/419226","url_text":"\"About\""}]},{"reference":"\"Open Access for Articles\". Brill. 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Retrieved 28 December 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://brill.com/page/ImprintsandTrademarks/imprints-and-trademarks","url_text":"\"Imprints and Trademarks\""}]},{"reference":"S&P Capital IQ (18 April 2022). \"Koninklijke Brill NV acquired Wageningen Academic Publishers B.V. from Enrico Kunst and Mike Jacobs\". MarketScreener. Retrieved 9 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/KONINKLIJKE-BRILL-NV-6354/news/Koninklijke-Brill-NV-acquired-Wageningen-Academic-Publishers-B-V-from-Enrico-Kunst-and-Mike-Jacobs-40096677/","url_text":"\"Koninklijke Brill NV acquired Wageningen Academic Publishers B.V. from Enrico Kunst and Mike Jacobs\""}]},{"reference":"\"Open Access with Brill\". brill.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://brill.com/page/OpenAccess/open-access-at-brill","url_text":"\"Open Access with Brill\""}]},{"reference":"\"KU Select For Publishers\". knowledgeunlatched.org.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/publishers/","url_text":"\"KU Select For Publishers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Brill and IFLA announce new OA prize\". Research Information. Cambridge, UK: Europa Science Ltd. 15 January 2013. ISSN 1744-8026.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.researchinformation.info/news/brill-and-ifla-announce-new-oa-prize?news_id=1081","url_text":"\"Brill and IFLA announce new OA prize\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1744-8026","url_text":"1744-8026"}]},{"reference":"Verde, Tom (May 2015). \"Brill's Bridge to Arabic\". Aramco World. Vol. 66, no. 3. Houston: Aramco Services Company. pp. 30–39. ISSN 2376-1075. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/201503/brill.s.bridge.to.arabic.htm","url_text":"\"Brill's Bridge to Arabic\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2376-1075","url_text":"2376-1075"},{"url":"https://archive.today/20150729085029/https://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201503/brill.s.bridge.to.arabic.htm","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashwamedha_(film)
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Ashwamedha (film)
|
["1 Cast","2 Soundtrack","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"]
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1990 Indian filmAshwamedhaPoster of the filmDirected byC. R. SimhaWritten by
C. R. Simha
Keerthi
Produced byShanthilal JainStarring
Kumar Bangarappa
Geethanjali
CinematographyR. DeviprasadEdited byS. ManoharMusic bySangeetha RajaProductioncompanySri Renukamba EnterprisesRelease date
1990 (1990)
Running time135 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageKannada
Ashwamedha is a 1990 Indian Kannada language action film directed by C. R. Simha. It stars Kumar Bangarappa and Geethanjali with Srividya, Srinath, Balakrishna, Avinash and Ramesh Bhat essaying other important roles.
The story was written by C. R. Simha who co-wrote the screenplay and dialogues with Keerthi. The film was produced by Shanthilal Jain in the banner of Sri Renukamba Enterprises. The film was edited by S. Manohar while R. Deviprasad handled the cinematography.
Cast
Kumar Bangarappa as Raja / Vinu
Geethanjali as Ganga
Srinath as Dayanand
Srividya as Savitri
T. N. Balakrishna as Rama
Keerthiraj as Panku / Manu
Ramesh Bhat as Gunda
Avinash as Muthanna
Ashok Rao as Dhanraj
Ashok Badaradinni
Disco Shanti as dancer
M. S. Karanth
Bank Janardhan
Siddaramaiah
Mandeep Roy as "Sautu", Panku's friend
G. G. Hegde as Panku's friend
Shashikiran as Panku's friend
Pranaya Murthy
Ashok Bhadravathi
Bheema Rao
Vasudeva Girimaji
Michael Madhu as Dhanraj's henchman
Soundtrack
AshwamedhaSoundtrack coverSoundtrack album by Sangeetha RajaReleased26 January 1990GenreFeature film soundtrackLength26:36LanguageKannadaLabelLahari MusicSangeetha Raja chronology
Ekalavya(1990)
Ashwamedha(1990)
Sundara Kanda(1991)
Sangeetha Raja composed the background score for the film and to the soundtrack, with the lyrics for the soundtrack written by Doddarange Gowda. The album consists of five tracks. The track "Hrudaya Samudra Kalaki" sung by actor and playback singer, Dr. Rajkumar, was received very well and is often considered one of his best songs. The song is still played in cultural and religious activities, and concerts across Karnataka.
Track listingNo.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length1."Hrudaya Samudra Kalaki"Doddarange GowdaRajkumar6:252."Yako Eno Nannede"Doddarange GowdaManjula Gururaj, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam4:513."Ee Jaya Nimmade"Doddarange GowdaManjula Gururaj, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam4:574."Ee Jeevanave Ullasa"Doddarange GowdaManjula Gururaj5:315."A B C D"Doddarange GowdaS. P. Balasubrahmanyam4:52Total length:26:36
Notes
^ a b They played one character with two names.
References
^ "R. Deviprasad film list". chiloka.com. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
^ "S. Manohar film list". chiloka.com. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
^ "Sangeetha Raja movies list". chiloka.com. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
^ "Ashwamedha (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP". iTunes. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
^ "The best songs of Rajkumar". Rediff.com. 17 April 2006. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
^ "Cultural festivities refresh students". Deccan Herald. 26 May 2010. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
^ "A spirited performance". The Hindu. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
External links
Ashwamedha at IMDb
This article about a Kannada film of the 1990s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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[]
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussain_Hotaki
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Hussain Hotak
|
["1 See also","2 References","3 External links"]
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Emir of Afghanistan
Shah Hussain Hotakشاه حسين هوتکEmir of AfghanistanReignHotak Empire: 1725–1738Coronation1725PredecessorAshraf HotakSuccessorPosition abolishedBornKandahar, Hotaki DynastyDied1738Mazandaran, Afsharid dynastyBurialKandaharNamesHussain HotakDynastyHotak dynastyFatherMirwais HotakReligionSunni Islam
Shah Hussain Hotak (Pashto/Dari: شاه حسين هوتک), son of Mirwais Hotak, was the fifth and last ruler of the Ghilji Hotak dynasty. An ethnic Pashtun (Afghan) from the Ghilji tribe, he succeeded to the throne after the death of his brother Mahmud Hotak in 1725 at the hand of their cousin Ashraf Hotak. He was also a Pashto language poet. While his cousin Ashraf ruled most of Persia from Isfahan, Hussain ruled Kandahar, but was defeated.
Ashraf's death in 1729 marked the end of the very short-lived Hotak rule in Persia (Iran), but Kandahar was still under Hussain's control until 1738 when Nader Shah conquered it. It was only a short pause before the establishment of the last Afghan Empire in 1747.
See also
Hotak dynasty
History of Afghanistan
Siege of Kandahar
References
^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
^ Mujtaba, Bahaudin Ghulam; Sayed Tayeb Jawad (2006). Afghanistan: Realities of War and Rebuilding. Ilead Academy. p. 10. ISBN 9780977421114. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
^ Vogelsang, Willem (2002). The Afghans. Wiley Blackwell. p. 224. ISBN 0-631-19841-5. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
^ "An Outline of the History of Persia During the Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)". Edward G. Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 31. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
^ "Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
^ "Afghanistan x. Political History". D. Balland. Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
^ Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 146. ISBN 9789004097964. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hussain Hotaki.
An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)
Hotak Rule
Hussain Hotak Hotak dynasty
Preceded byMahmud Hotak
Emir of Afghanistan 1725–1738
Succeeded byPosition abolished
vteMonarchs of Afghanistan Hotak Empire
Mirwais Hotak
Abdul Aziz Hotak
Mahmud Hotak
Ashraf Hotak
Hussain Hotak
Durrani Empire
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Timur Shah Durrani
Zaman Shah Durrani
Mahmud Shah Durrani
Shah Shujah Durrani
Ali Shah Durrani
Ayub Shah Durrani
Barakzai Emirate
Sultan Mohammad Khan
Dost Mohammad Khan
Akbar Khan
Sher Ali Khan
Mohammad Afzal Khan
Mohammad Azam Khan
Mohammad Yaqub Khan
Ayub Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan
Habibullah Khan
Jehandad Khan
Nasrullah Khan
Barakzai Kingdom
Amanullah Khan
Abd-al Karim
Inayatullah Khan
Saqqawist Emirate (unrecognized)
Habibullāh Kalakāni
Barakzai Kingdom (restored)
Mohammad Nadir Shah
Mohammad Zahir Shah
Salemai
Italics indicates a localized rebel monarch
This biography of a member of an Afghan royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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[{"title":"Hotak dynasty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotak_dynasty"},{"title":"History of Afghanistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan"},{"title":"Siege of Kandahar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar"}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_moray_eel
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Green moray
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
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Species of eel
Green moray
At the ABQ BioPark Aquarium
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Anguilliformes
Family:
Muraenidae
Genus:
Gymnothorax
Species:
G. funebris
Binomial name
Gymnothorax funebrisRanzani, 1840
The green moray (Gymnothorax funebris) is a moray eel of the family Muraenidae, found in the western Atlantic Ocean from Long Island, New York, Bermuda, and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, at depths down to 40 metres (130 ft). Its length is up to 2.5 metres (8.2 ft). It is the largest moray species of the tropical Atlantic and one of the largest species of moray eel known. Though it is not considered endangered, the species is particularly under-studied and estimated to be undercounted by up to 400% in single-pass visual surveys.
The common name "green moray" is also sometimes used to refer to the yellow moray, G. prasinus.
Its green color comes from a protective layer of mucus secreted by its specialized goblet cells much like other species of moray. Underneath this mucus layer, the green moray eel is a darker color as can be seen in preserved specimens.
Green morays are typically not eaten and can cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP).
References
^ Smith, D.G.; McCosker, J. (2015). "Gymnothorax funebris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T195731A2409410. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195731A2409410.en. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
^ Gilbert, Marianne; Rasmussen, Joseph B.; Kramer, Donald L. (2005-08-01). "Estimating the density and biomass of moray eels (Muraenidae) using a modified visual census method for hole-dwelling reef fauna". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 73 (4): 415–426. doi:10.1007/s10641-005-2228-2. ISSN 1573-5133.
^ "Gymnothorax funebris". Florida Museum. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
^ "Gymnothorax funebris – Discover Fishes". www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-09.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Gymnothorax funebris" in FishBase. June 2006 version.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gymnothorax funebris.
Wikispecies has information related to Gymnothorax funebris.
National Aquarium - Green Moray Eel Fact Sheet
Florida Museum of Natural History - Green Moray Fact Sheet Archived 2016-01-17 at the Wayback Machine
Photos of Green moray on Sealife Collection
Taxon identifiersGymnothorax funebris
Wikidata: Q1551970
Wikispecies: Gymnothorax funebris
ADW: Gymnothorax_funebris
BOLD: 91570
CoL: 3HVCB
EoL: 46561623
EUNIS: 125880
FishBase: 7546
GBIF: 2403964
iNaturalist: 120125
IRMNG: 10863400
ITIS: 161186
IUCN: 195731
NCBI: 1182252
Observation.org: 153047
OBIS: 158583
Open Tree of Life: 565896
WoRMS: 158583
This Muraenidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"moray eel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moray_eel"},{"link_name":"family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)"},{"link_name":"Muraenidae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraenidae"},{"link_name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean"},{"link_name":"New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)"},{"link_name":"Bermuda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda"},{"link_name":"Gulf of Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico"},{"link_name":"Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"yellow moray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_moray"},{"link_name":"goblet cells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goblet_cell"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"ciguatera fish poisoning","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciguatera_fish_poisoning"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"The green moray (Gymnothorax funebris) is a moray eel of the family Muraenidae, found in the western Atlantic Ocean from Long Island, New York, Bermuda, and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, at depths down to 40 metres (130 ft). Its length is up to 2.5 metres (8.2 ft). It is the largest moray species of the tropical Atlantic and one of the largest species of moray eel known. Though it is not considered endangered, the species is particularly under-studied and estimated to be undercounted by up to 400% in single-pass visual surveys.[2]The common name \"green moray\" is also sometimes used to refer to the yellow moray, G. prasinus.Its green color comes from a protective layer of mucus secreted by its specialized goblet cells much like other species of moray. Underneath this mucus layer, the green moray eel is a darker color as can be seen in preserved specimens.[3]Green morays are typically not eaten and can cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP).[4]","title":"Green moray"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Smith, D.G.; McCosker, J. (2015). \"Gymnothorax funebris\". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T195731A2409410. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195731A2409410.en. Retrieved 11 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/195731/2409410","url_text":"\"Gymnothorax funebris\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List","url_text":"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195731A2409410.en","url_text":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195731A2409410.en"}]},{"reference":"Gilbert, Marianne; Rasmussen, Joseph B.; Kramer, Donald L. (2005-08-01). \"Estimating the density and biomass of moray eels (Muraenidae) using a modified visual census method for hole-dwelling reef fauna\". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 73 (4): 415–426. doi:10.1007/s10641-005-2228-2. ISSN 1573-5133.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-005-2228-2","url_text":"\"Estimating the density and biomass of moray eels (Muraenidae) using a modified visual census method for hole-dwelling reef fauna\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10641-005-2228-2","url_text":"10.1007/s10641-005-2228-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-5133","url_text":"1573-5133"}]},{"reference":"\"Gymnothorax funebris\". Florida Museum. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2023-04-08.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/gymnothorax-funebris/","url_text":"\"Gymnothorax funebris\""}]},{"reference":"\"Gymnothorax funebris – Discover Fishes\". www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/gymnothorax-funebris/","url_text":"\"Gymnothorax funebris – Discover Fishes\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/195731/2409410","external_links_name":"\"Gymnothorax funebris\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195731A2409410.en","external_links_name":"10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T195731A2409410.en"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-005-2228-2","external_links_name":"\"Estimating the density and biomass of moray eels (Muraenidae) using a modified visual census method for hole-dwelling reef fauna\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10641-005-2228-2","external_links_name":"10.1007/s10641-005-2228-2"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-5133","external_links_name":"1573-5133"},{"Link":"https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/gymnothorax-funebris/","external_links_name":"\"Gymnothorax funebris\""},{"Link":"https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/gymnothorax-funebris/","external_links_name":"\"Gymnothorax funebris – Discover Fishes\""},{"Link":"http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Gymnothorax&speciesname=funebris","external_links_name":"\"Gymnothorax funebris\""},{"Link":"https://aqua.org/explore/animals/green-moray-eel","external_links_name":"National Aquarium - Green Moray Eel Fact Sheet"},{"Link":"http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/greenmoray/greenmoray.html","external_links_name":"Florida Museum of Natural History - Green Moray Fact Sheet"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160117030919/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/greenmoray/greenmoray.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://sealifecollection.org/taxon/158583","external_links_name":"Green moray"},{"Link":"https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gymnothorax_funebris/","external_links_name":"Gymnothorax_funebris"},{"Link":"http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=91570","external_links_name":"91570"},{"Link":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3HVCB","external_links_name":"3HVCB"},{"Link":"https://eol.org/pages/46561623","external_links_name":"46561623"},{"Link":"https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/125880","external_links_name":"125880"},{"Link":"https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/7546","external_links_name":"7546"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/2403964","external_links_name":"2403964"},{"Link":"https://inaturalist.org/taxa/120125","external_links_name":"120125"},{"Link":"https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10863400","external_links_name":"10863400"},{"Link":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=161186","external_links_name":"161186"},{"Link":"https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/195731","external_links_name":"195731"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1182252","external_links_name":"1182252"},{"Link":"https://observation.org/species/153047/","external_links_name":"153047"},{"Link":"https://obis.org/taxon/158583","external_links_name":"158583"},{"Link":"https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=565896","external_links_name":"565896"},{"Link":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=158583","external_links_name":"158583"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green_moray&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Cooperstown
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USS Cooperstown
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["1 Design","2 Construction and career","3 Notes","4 References"]
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Freedom-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy
USS Cooperstown at commissioning
History
United States
NameCooperstown
NamesakeCooperstown
Awarded29 December 2010
BuilderMarinette Marine
Laid down14 August 2018
Launched19 January 2020
Sponsored byAlba Tull
Christened29 February 2020
Acquired20 September 2022
Commissioned6 May 2023
HomeportNaval Station Mayport
MottoAmerica's Away Team
StatusIn active service
Badge
General characteristics
Class and typeFreedom-class littoral combat ship
Length378 ft (115 m)
Speed>40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph)
USS Cooperstown (LCS-23) is a Freedom-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy. She is the first naval ship named after Cooperstown, New York.
Ray Mabus, while Secretary of the Navy, announced the naming of Cooperstown on 25 July 2015 during a ceremony at the Baseball Hall of Fame, which is located in Cooperstown. The announcement was part of the ceremony which was honoring baseball players who served in World War II. Her name honors American military veterans from multiple conflicts (starting with Morgan Bulkeley, first president of the National League, in the Civil War) who are members of the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Design
In 2002, the US Navy initiated a program to develop the first of a fleet of littoral combat ships. The Navy initially ordered two monohull ships from Lockheed Martin, which became known as the Freedom-class littoral combat ships after the first ship of the class, USS Freedom. Odd-numbered US Navy littoral combat ships are built using the Freedom-class monohull design, while even-numbered ships are based on a competing design, the trimaran hull Independence-class littoral combat ship from General Dynamics. The initial order of littoral combat ships involved a total of four ships, including two of the Freedom-class design. Cooperstown is the 12th Freedom-class littoral combat ship to be built.
Construction and career
Marinette Marine was awarded the contract to build the ship on 29 December 2010, at their shipyard in Marinette, Wisconsin. On 20 November 2019, United States Vice President Mike Pence toured the ship prior to giving a speech at Marinette Marine. Cooperstown was launched on 19 January 2020 and christened on 29 February 2020. She was delivered to the Navy in September 2022. Her home port is Naval Station Mayport in Jacksonville, Florida.
USS Cooperstown saving stranded mariner
During routine operations on 11 March 2023, Cooperstown provided emergency assistance to a sailing vessel that was in distress.
On 6 May 2023, the ship was commissioned in New York City.
Notes
^ The number of American military veterans who have been inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame was originally reported as 68. Subsequent reports place the number at 70, as both Gil Hodges and Buck O'Neil, who served in World War II, were elected in 2022 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting.
References
This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. The entry can be found here.
^ a b c d "Littoral Combat Ship 23 (Cooperstown) Christened" (Press release). Lockheed Martin. 1 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
^ "Navy Accepts Delivery of Future USS Cooperstown (LCS 23)" (Press release). NAVSEA. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
^ a b "USS Cooperstown is Commissioned in New York" (Press release). United States Navy. 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
^ a b c "Cooperstown (LCS-23)". Naval Vessel Register. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
^ "Team Freedom Lays Keel on Nation's 23rd Littoral Combat Ship" (Press release). Lockheed Martin. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
^ "Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship" (Press release). U.S. Department of Defense. 26 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ a b c "Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship USS Cooperstown". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ "Navy to commission USS Cooperstown". Cooperstown Crier. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ a b "USS Cooperstown Mast-Stepping Ceremony". baseballhall.org. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
^ a b "Navy commissions USS Cooperstown; honors war veteran players". Associated Press. 7 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
^ a b c d "US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS". US Navy. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ O'Rourke, Ronald (4 May 2010). "Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
^ "Start Of Construction on LCS 23 (Cooperstown)" (PDF). The Beacon (Summer 2017). Fincantieri Marinette Marine: 3. 31 July 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
^ Sussman, Rob (20 November 2019). "Pence Touts Jobs in Marinette Speech". WTAQ News Talk. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
^ a b Mongilio, Heather (26 September 2022). "Lockheed Martin Delivers 12th Freedom-Class LCS Cooperstown". USNI.org.
^ Junco, Anthony (11 March 2023). "USS Cooperstown Rescues Mariner". dvidshub.net.
vteFincantieri Marinette MarineConstellation-class frigates
USS Constellation (FFG-62)
USS Congress (FFG-63)
USS Chesapeake (FFG-64)
Freedom-class littoral combat ships
USS Freedom (LCS-1)
USS Fort Worth (LCS-3)
USS Milwaukee (LCS-5)
USS Detroit (LCS-7)
USS Little Rock (LCS-9)
USS Sioux City (LCS-11)
USS Wichita (LCS-13)
USS Billings (LCS-15)
USS Indianapolis (LCS-17)
USS St. Louis (LCS-19)
USS Minneapolis-Saint Paul (LCS-21)
USS Cooperstown (LCS-23)
USS Marinette (LCS-25)
USS Nantucket (LCS-27)
USS Beloit (LCS-29)
USS Cleveland (LCS-31)
Avenger-class mine countermeasures ships
USS Defender (MCM-2)
USS Champion (MCM-4)
USS Patriot (MCM-7)
Powhatan-class tugboats
USNS Powhatan (T-ATF-166)
USNS Narragansett (T-ATF-167)
USNS Catawba (T-ATF-168)
USNS Navajo (T-ATF-169)
USNS Mohawk (T-ATF-170)
USNS Sioux (T-ATF-171)
USNS Apache (T-ATF-172)
Natick-class tugboats
Manhattan (YTB-779)
Redwing (YTB-783)
Marinette (YTB-791)
Wanamassa (YTB-820)
Canonchet (YTB-823)
Santaquin (YTB-824)
Dekanawida (YTB-831)
Skenandoa (YTB-835)
Pokagon (YTB-836)
Juniper-class seagoing buoy tenders
USCGC Juniper (WLB-201)
USCGC Willow (WLB-202)
USCGC Kukui (WLB-203)
USCGC Elm (WLB-204)
USCGC Walnut (WLB-205)
USCGC Spar (WLB-206)
USCGC Maple (WLB-207)
USCGC Aspen (WLB-208)
USCGC Sycamore (WLB-209)
USCGC Cypress (WLB-210)
USCGC Oak (WLB-211)
USCGC Hickory (WLB-212)
USCGC Fir (WLB-213)
USCGC Hollyhock (WLB-214)
USCGC Sequoia (WLB-215)
USCGC Alder (WLB-216)
Other vessels
USCGC Mackinaw
ARRV Sikuliaq
NOAAS Reuben Lasker
Staten Island Ferries
Related
Fincantieri
The Manitowoc Company
vteLittoral Combat ShipsFreedom class
Freedom
Fort Worth
Milwaukee
Detroit
Little Rock
Sioux City
Wichita
Billings
Indianapolis
St. Louis
Minneapolis-Saint Paul
Cooperstown
Marinette
Nantucket
Beloit
Cleveland
Independence class
Independence
Coronado
Jackson
Montgomery
Gabrielle Giffords
Omaha
Manchester
Tulsa
Charleston
Cincinnati
Kansas City
Oakland
Mobile
Savannah
Canberra
Santa Barbara
Augusta
Kingsville
Pierre
List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships
This article about a specific ship or boat of the United States Armed Forces is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Freedom-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom-class_littoral_combat_ship"},{"link_name":"littoral combat ship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"Cooperstown, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DOD-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HOF-7"},{"link_name":"Ray Mabus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Mabus"},{"link_name":"Secretary of the Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Navy"},{"link_name":"Baseball Hall of Fame","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Crier-8"},{"link_name":"[a]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Morgan Bulkeley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Bulkeley"},{"link_name":"National League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_League_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MAST-9"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HOF-7"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AP2023-11"}],"text":"USS Cooperstown (LCS-23) is a Freedom-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy. She is the first naval ship named after Cooperstown, New York.[6][7]Ray Mabus, while Secretary of the Navy, announced the naming of Cooperstown on 25 July 2015 during a ceremony at the Baseball Hall of Fame, which is located in Cooperstown. The announcement was part of the ceremony which was honoring baseball players who served in World War II.[8] Her name honors American military veterans[a] from multiple conflicts (starting with Morgan Bulkeley, first president of the National League, in the Civil War)[9] who are members of the Baseball Hall of Fame.[7][10]","title":"USS Cooperstown"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"littoral combat ships","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NavyBG-12"},{"link_name":"Lockheed Martin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin"},{"link_name":"USS Freedom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Freedom_(LCS-1)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NavyBG-12"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CRS_LCS_Report-13"},{"link_name":"trimaran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimaran"},{"link_name":"Independence-class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence-class_littoral_combat_ship"},{"link_name":"General Dynamics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NavyBG-12"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NavyBG-12"}],"text":"In 2002, the US Navy initiated a program to develop the first of a fleet of littoral combat ships.[11] The Navy initially ordered two monohull ships from Lockheed Martin, which became known as the Freedom-class littoral combat ships after the first ship of the class, USS Freedom.[11][12] Odd-numbered US Navy littoral combat ships are built using the Freedom-class monohull design, while even-numbered ships are based on a competing design, the trimaran hull Independence-class littoral combat ship from General Dynamics.[11] The initial order of littoral combat ships involved a total of four ships, including two of the Freedom-class design.[11] Cooperstown is the 12th Freedom-class littoral combat ship to be built.","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Marinette Marine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinette_Marine"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NVR_Cooperstown-4"},{"link_name":"Marinette, Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinette,_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Mike Pence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"launched","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching"},{"link_name":"christened","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_christening"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-launch_christen-1"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-usni-16"},{"link_name":"Naval Station Mayport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Station_Mayport"},{"link_name":"Jacksonville, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-usni-16"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rescuing_stranded_mariner.jpg"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"commissioned","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_commissioning"},{"link_name":"New York City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-commission-3"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AP2023-11"}],"text":"Marinette Marine was awarded the contract to build the ship on 29 December 2010,[4] at their shipyard in Marinette, Wisconsin.[13] On 20 November 2019, United States Vice President Mike Pence toured the ship prior to giving a speech at Marinette Marine.[14] Cooperstown was launched on 19 January 2020 and christened on 29 February 2020.[1] She was delivered to the Navy in September 2022.[15] Her home port is Naval Station Mayport in Jacksonville, Florida.[15]USS Cooperstown saving stranded marinerDuring routine operations on 11 March 2023, Cooperstown provided emergency assistance to a sailing vessel that was in distress.[16]On 6 May 2023, the ship was commissioned in New York City.[3][10]","title":"Construction and career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-HOF-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MAST-9"},{"link_name":"Gil Hodges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Hodges"},{"link_name":"Buck O'Neil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_O%27Neil"},{"link_name":"2022 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting"}],"text":"^ The number of American military veterans who have been inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame was originally reported as 68.[7] Subsequent reports place the number at 70,[9] as both Gil Hodges and Buck O'Neil, who served in World War II, were elected in 2022 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting.","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"USS Cooperstown saving stranded mariner","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rescuing_stranded_mariner.jpg/138px-Rescuing_stranded_mariner.jpg"}]
| null |
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Retrieved 6 May 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3387224/uss-cooperstown-is-commissioned-in-new-york/","url_text":"\"USS Cooperstown is Commissioned in New York\""}]},{"reference":"\"Cooperstown (LCS-23)\". Naval Vessel Register. Retrieved 25 July 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nvr.navy.mil/SHIPDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_LCS_23.HTML","url_text":"\"Cooperstown (LCS-23)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Vessel_Register","url_text":"Naval Vessel Register"}]},{"reference":"\"Team Freedom Lays Keel on Nation's 23rd Littoral Combat Ship\" (Press release). Lockheed Martin. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 14 August 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-08-14-Team-Freedom-Lays-Keel-on-Nations-23rd-Littoral-Combat-Ship","url_text":"\"Team Freedom Lays Keel on Nation's 23rd Littoral Combat Ship\""}]},{"reference":"\"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship\" (Press release). U.S. Department of Defense. 26 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=17410","url_text":"\"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense","url_text":"U.S. Department of Defense"}]},{"reference":"\"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship USS Cooperstown\". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.baseballhall.org/news/navy-names-littoral-combat-ship-uss-cooperstown","url_text":"\"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship USS Cooperstown\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum","url_text":"National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum"}]},{"reference":"\"Navy to commission USS Cooperstown\". Cooperstown Crier. Retrieved 26 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.coopercrier.com/news/navy-to-commission-uss-cooperstown/article_bcf41ad4-462c-5e98-a307-12c835dc055c.html","url_text":"\"Navy to commission USS Cooperstown\""}]},{"reference":"\"USS Cooperstown Mast-Stepping Ceremony\". baseballhall.org. Retrieved 13 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://baseballhall.org/discover/USS-Cooperstown-Mast-Stepping-Ceremony","url_text":"\"USS Cooperstown Mast-Stepping Ceremony\""}]},{"reference":"\"Navy commissions USS Cooperstown; honors war veteran players\". Associated Press. 7 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://apnews.com/article/navy-ship-cooperstown-baseball-hall-fame-torre-ad63b48c0ab0ad9b269149715a291b84","url_text":"\"Navy commissions USS Cooperstown; honors war veteran players\""}]},{"reference":"\"US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS\". US Navy. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4","url_text":"\"US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150302070526/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"O'Rourke, Ronald (4 May 2010). \"Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress\" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dodbuzz.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/CRS-LCS-May-2010.pdf","url_text":"\"Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231642/http://www.dodbuzz.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/CRS-LCS-May-2010.pdf","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Start Of Construction on LCS 23 (Cooperstown)\" (PDF). The Beacon (Summer 2017). Fincantieri Marinette Marine: 3. 31 July 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.marinettemarine.com/2017%20Summer%20Newsletter.pdf","url_text":"\"Start Of Construction on LCS 23 (Cooperstown)\""}]},{"reference":"Sussman, Rob (20 November 2019). \"Pence Touts Jobs in Marinette Speech\". WTAQ News Talk. Retrieved 29 February 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://wtaq.com/news/articles/2019/nov/20/pence-touts-trump-administrations-jobs-record-in-marinette-speech/959512/","url_text":"\"Pence Touts Jobs in Marinette Speech\""}]},{"reference":"Mongilio, Heather (26 September 2022). \"Lockheed Martin Delivers 12th Freedom-Class LCS Cooperstown\". USNI.org.","urls":[{"url":"https://news.usni.org/2022/09/26/lockheed-martin-delivers-12th-freedom-class-lcs-cooperstown","url_text":"\"Lockheed Martin Delivers 12th Freedom-Class LCS Cooperstown\""}]},{"reference":"Junco, Anthony (11 March 2023). \"USS Cooperstown Rescues Mariner\". dvidshub.net.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.dvidshub.net/news/440204/uss-cooperstown-rescues-mariner","url_text":"\"USS Cooperstown Rescues Mariner\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.nvr.navy.mil/SHIPDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_LCS_23.HTML","external_links_name":"here"},{"Link":"https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2020-02-29-Littoral-Combat-Ship-23-Cooperstown-Christened","external_links_name":"\"Littoral Combat Ship 23 (Cooperstown) Christened\""},{"Link":"https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Media/News/SavedNewsModule/Article/3169255/navy-accepts-delivery-of-future-uss-cooperstown-lcs-23/","external_links_name":"\"Navy Accepts Delivery of Future USS Cooperstown (LCS 23)\""},{"Link":"https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3387224/uss-cooperstown-is-commissioned-in-new-york/","external_links_name":"\"USS Cooperstown is Commissioned in New York\""},{"Link":"http://www.nvr.navy.mil/SHIPDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_LCS_23.HTML","external_links_name":"\"Cooperstown (LCS-23)\""},{"Link":"https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-08-14-Team-Freedom-Lays-Keel-on-Nations-23rd-Littoral-Combat-Ship","external_links_name":"\"Team Freedom Lays Keel on Nation's 23rd Littoral Combat Ship\""},{"Link":"http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=17410","external_links_name":"\"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship\""},{"Link":"http://www.baseballhall.org/news/navy-names-littoral-combat-ship-uss-cooperstown","external_links_name":"\"Navy Names Littoral Combat Ship USS Cooperstown\""},{"Link":"http://www.coopercrier.com/news/navy-to-commission-uss-cooperstown/article_bcf41ad4-462c-5e98-a307-12c835dc055c.html","external_links_name":"\"Navy to commission USS Cooperstown\""},{"Link":"https://baseballhall.org/discover/USS-Cooperstown-Mast-Stepping-Ceremony","external_links_name":"\"USS Cooperstown Mast-Stepping Ceremony\""},{"Link":"https://apnews.com/article/navy-ship-cooperstown-baseball-hall-fame-torre-ad63b48c0ab0ad9b269149715a291b84","external_links_name":"\"Navy commissions USS Cooperstown; honors war veteran players\""},{"Link":"http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4","external_links_name":"\"US Navy Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150302070526/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4200&tid=1650&ct=4","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.dodbuzz.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/CRS-LCS-May-2010.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150923231642/http://www.dodbuzz.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/CRS-LCS-May-2010.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.marinettemarine.com/2017%20Summer%20Newsletter.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Start Of Construction on LCS 23 (Cooperstown)\""},{"Link":"https://wtaq.com/news/articles/2019/nov/20/pence-touts-trump-administrations-jobs-record-in-marinette-speech/959512/","external_links_name":"\"Pence Touts Jobs in Marinette Speech\""},{"Link":"https://news.usni.org/2022/09/26/lockheed-martin-delivers-12th-freedom-class-lcs-cooperstown","external_links_name":"\"Lockheed Martin Delivers 12th Freedom-Class LCS Cooperstown\""},{"Link":"https://www.dvidshub.net/news/440204/uss-cooperstown-rescues-mariner","external_links_name":"\"USS Cooperstown Rescues Mariner\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Cooperstown&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genting_Skyway
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Genting Skyway
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["1 Gallery","2 See also","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 3°24′30″N 101°45′53″E / 3.40833°N 101.76472°E / 3.40833; 101.76472Gondola lift in Genting Highlands, Malaysia
Genting Skyway云顶缆车Cabin view from upper station.OverviewStatusLimited ServiceSystemGondola liftLocationGenting Highlands, Pahang, MalaysiaTerminiGohtong Jaya, SelangorHighlands Hotel, Genting HighlandsNo. of stations2Open21 February 1997; 27 years ago (1997-02-21)OperationCarrier capacitymaximum of 8 adult passengers per cabin, more than 2,000 people per hourTrip duration15 minTechnical featuresAerial lift typeCable carLine length3,380 m (11,090 ft)Operating speed6 metres per second
Genting Skyway is a gondola lift connecting Gohtong Jaya and Resort Hotel in Genting Highlands, Selangor, Malaysia. Its lower station at Gohtong Jaya township, located approximately 51 kilometres (32 mi) northeast of Kuala Lumpur, comprises a 5-storey station building and a 10-storey car park while its upper station is located at the Highlands Hotel.
The Genting Skyway is one of the two aerial lines serving Genting Highlands, serving as an alternate route since August 2016 when the new Awana Skyway is closed for maintenance. The mono cable gondola lift was officially opened by the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad on 21 February 1997.
Genting Skyway can carry more than 2,000 people per hour with 8 passengers per gondola. At the maximum speed of 6 metres per second (21.6 km/h), the 3.38-kilometre (2.10 mi) journey up the mountain peak takes approximately 15 minutes, depending on the weather. The system was designed by Leitner Ropeways.
The 2 x 640 kW power of the main drive and the 54 mm diameter solid cable wire is among the most powerful and strongest monocable gondola installation in the world. The system, equipped with high-tech electronic equipment, was built in accordance with stringent Swiss regulations and it has a double safety circuit completely independent.
The foundation used for the pylons is of the "Hang-dug Caisson" type. Each pylon is founded on four Caissons measuring 1.2 metres in diameter, socketed down to bedrock. The average depth of the Caissons is about 40 m (135 feet) and each group of four Caissons piles can take a vertical load of 4,000 tonnes against the maximum vertical load of 150 tonnes from the cable car system. The Caissons method is about the safest and strongest foundation in existence, designed specifically for hilly terrain. Each pylon is accessible via rescue tracks on the ground, whilst each gondola is equipped with radio communication equipment from the stations.
Gallery
Cabin view from lower station.
Cabin view from the upper station.
Cabin view from lower station.
Top of the last pylon measuring 45 m
Arrival of cable car into Maxims Hotel.
See also
Awana Skyway - Gondola lift type
Langkawi Cable Car - Gondola lift type
Penang Hill cable car
References
^ "History - The Genting Story". genting.com.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Genting Skyway.
Leitner News April 2007
Genting Skyway technical summary
3°24′30″N 101°45′53″E / 3.40833°N 101.76472°E / 3.40833; 101.76472
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"gondola lift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_lift"},{"link_name":"Gohtong Jaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gohtong_Jaya"},{"link_name":"Genting Highlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genting_Highlands"},{"link_name":"Selangor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor"},{"link_name":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia"},{"link_name":"Highlands Hotel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highlands_Hotel"},{"link_name":"Awana Skyway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awana_Skyway"},{"link_name":"Mahathir Mohamad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Caissons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)"}],"text":"Gondola lift in Genting Highlands, MalaysiaGenting Skyway is a gondola lift connecting Gohtong Jaya and Resort Hotel in Genting Highlands, Selangor, Malaysia. Its lower station at Gohtong Jaya township, located approximately 51 kilometres (32 mi) northeast of Kuala Lumpur, comprises a 5-storey station building and a 10-storey car park while its upper station is located at the Highlands Hotel.The Genting Skyway is one of the two aerial lines serving Genting Highlands, serving as an alternate route since August 2016 when the new Awana Skyway is closed for maintenance. The mono cable gondola lift was officially opened by the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad on 21 February 1997.Genting Skyway can carry more than 2,000 people per hour with 8 passengers per gondola. At the maximum speed of 6 metres per second (21.6 km/h), the 3.38-kilometre (2.10 mi) journey up the mountain peak takes approximately 15 minutes, depending on the weather. The system was designed by Leitner Ropeways.The 2 x 640 kW power of the main drive and the 54 mm diameter solid cable wire is among the most powerful and strongest monocable gondola installation in the world.[citation needed] The system, equipped with high-tech electronic equipment[citation needed], was built in accordance with stringent Swiss regulations[citation needed] and it has a double safety circuit completely independent.[citation needed]The foundation used for the pylons is of the \"Hang-dug Caisson\" type. Each pylon is founded on four Caissons measuring 1.2 metres in diameter, socketed down to bedrock. The average depth of the Caissons is about 40 m (135 feet) and each group of four Caissons piles can take a vertical load of 4,000 tonnes against the maximum vertical load of 150 tonnes from the cable car system. The Caissons method is about the safest and strongest foundation in existence, designed specifically for hilly terrain. Each pylon is accessible via rescue tracks on the ground, whilst each gondola is equipped with radio communication equipment from the stations.","title":"Genting Skyway"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Genting_Highland_Malaysia_(13).JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Genting_Skyway_Valley.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Genting_Highland_Malaysia_(10).JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aerial_tramway_support.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arrival_of_cable_Car_into_Genting_Resort.JPG"}],"text":"Cabin view from lower station.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCabin view from the upper station.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tCabin view from lower station.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTop of the last pylon measuring 45 m\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tArrival of cable car into Maxims Hotel.","title":"Gallery"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Awana Skyway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awana_Skyway"},{"title":"Gondola lift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_lift"},{"title":"Langkawi Cable Car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkawi_Cable_Car"},{"title":"Gondola lift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_lift"},{"title":"Penang Hill cable car","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_Hill_cable_car"}]
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[{"reference":"\"History - The Genting Story\". genting.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.genting.com/history/","url_text":"\"History - The Genting Story\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Genting_Skyway¶ms=3_24_30_N_101_45_53_E_region:MY-10_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki","external_links_name":"3°24′30″N 101°45′53″E / 3.40833°N 101.76472°E / 3.40833; 101.76472"},{"Link":"http://www.genting.com/history/","external_links_name":"\"History - The Genting Story\""},{"Link":"http://www.leitner-lifts.com/attach/News%20en-Freigabe2.pdf","external_links_name":"Leitner News April 2007"},{"Link":"http://www.arup.com.my/common/GentingSkywayandStations.PDF","external_links_name":"Genting Skyway technical summary"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Genting_Skyway¶ms=3_24_30_N_101_45_53_E_region:MY-10_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki","external_links_name":"3°24′30″N 101°45′53″E / 3.40833°N 101.76472°E / 3.40833; 101.76472"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_R4D
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Douglas C-47 Skytrain
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["1 Design and development","1.1 Super DC-3 (R4D-8)","2 Operational history","2.1 World War II","2.2 Postwar era","2.3 Vietnam War","3 Variants","3.1 RAF designations","3.2 Aftermarket conversions","4 Operators","5 Accidents and incidents","6 Surviving aircraft","7 Specifications (C-47B-DK)","8 See also","9 References","9.1 Notes","9.2 Citations","9.3 Bibliography","10 External links"]
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Military transport aircraft derived from DC-3
"C-47" redirects here. For other uses, see C-47 (disambiguation).
"R4D" redirects here. For the rocket engine, see R-4D.
C-47 Skytrain / Dakota C-53 Skytrooper
C-47 43-30652 "Whiskey 7" at Duxford D-Day Show 2014
Role
Military transport aircraftType of aircraft
National origin
United States
Manufacturer
Douglas Aircraft Company
First flight
December 23, 1941 (1941-12-23)
Status
In service
Primary users
United States Army Air ForcesRoyal Air ForceUnited States NavyRoyal Canadian Air ForceSee operators
Number built
10,174
Developed from
Douglas DC-3
Variants
Douglas XCG-17 Douglas AC-47 Spooky Douglas R4D-8
The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota (RAF designation) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner. It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II. During the war the C-47 was used for troop transport, cargo, paratrooper, for towing gliders and military cargo parachute drops. The C-47 remained in front-line service with various military operators for many years. It was produced in approximately triple the numbers as the larger, much heavier payload Curtiss C-46 Commando, which filled a similar role for the U.S. military.
Approximately 100 countries' armed forces have operated the C-47 with over 60 variants of the aircraft produced. As with the civilian DC-3, the C-47 remains in service in the present day, over 80 years after the type's introduction.
Design and development
The C-47 differed from the civilian DC-3 by way of numerous modifications, including being fitted with a cargo door, hoist attachment and strengthened floor - along with a shortened tail cone for glider-towing shackles, and an astrodome in the cabin roof.
During World War II, the armed forces of many countries used the C-47 and modified DC-3s for the transport of troops, cargo, and wounded. The U.S. naval designation was R4D. More than 10,000 aircraft were produced in Long Beach and Santa Monica, California, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Between March 1943 and August 1945, the Oklahoma City plant produced 5,354 C-47s.
The specialized C-53 Skytrooper troop transport started production in October 1941 at Douglas Aircraft's Santa Monica plant. It lacked the cargo door, hoist attachment, and reinforced floor of the C-47. Only 380 aircraft were produced in all because the C-47 was found to be more versatile.
Super DC-3 (R4D-8)
Main article: Douglas R4D-8
U.S. Navy C-117Ds at RAF Mildenhall in 1967
Large numbers of DC-3s and surplus C-47s were in commercial use in the United States in the 1940s. In response to proposed changes to the Civil Air Regulations airworthiness requirements that would limit the continuing use of these aircraft, Douglas offered a late-1940s DC-3 conversion to improve takeoff and single-engine performance. This new model, the DC-3S or "Super DC-3", was 39 in (0.99 m) longer. It allowed 30 passengers to be carried, with increased speed to compete with newer airliners. The rearward shift in the center of gravity led to larger tail surfaces and new outer, swept-back wings. More powerful engines were installed along with shorter, jet ejection-type exhaust stacks. These were either 1,475 hp (1,100 kW) Wright R-1820 Cyclones or 1,450 hp (1,081 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasps in larger engine nacelles. Minor changes included wheel-well doors, a partially retractable tailwheel, flush rivets, and low-drag antenna. These all contributed to an increased top speed of 250 mph (400 km/h; 220 kn). With over 75% of the original DC-3/C-47 configuration changed, the modified design was virtually a new aircraft. The first DC-3S made its maiden flight on 23 June 1949.
The changes fully met the new FAR 4B airworthiness requirements, with significantly improved performance. However, little interest was expressed by commercial operators in the DC-3S. It was too expensive for the smaller operators that were its main target; only three were sold to Capital Airlines. The U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps had 100 of their R4D aircraft modified to Super DC-3 standards as the R4D-8, later redesignated the C-117D.
Operational history
World War II
U.S. Army Pathfinders and USAAF flight crew prior to D-Day, June 1944, in front of a C-47 Skytrain at RAF North Witham
The C-47 was vital to the success of many Allied campaigns, in particular, those at Guadalcanal and in the jungles of New Guinea and Burma, where the C-47 and its naval version, the R4D, made it possible for Allied troops to counter the mobility of the light-traveling Japanese Army. C-47s were used to airlift supplies to the encircled American forces during the Battle of Bastogne in Belgium. Possibly its most influential role in military aviation, however, was flying "The Hump" from India into China. The expertise gained flying "The Hump" was later used in the Berlin Airlift, in which the C-47 played a major role until the aircraft were replaced by Douglas C-54 Skymasters.
In Europe, the C-47 and a specialized paratroop variant, the C-53 Skytrooper, were used in vast numbers in the later stages of the war, particularly to tow gliders and drop paratroops. During the invasion of Sicily in July 1943, C-47s dropped 4,381 Allied paratroops. More than 50,000 paratroops were dropped by C-47s during the first few days of the D-Day campaign also known as the invasion of Normandy, France, in June 1944. In the Pacific War, with careful use of the island landing strips of the Pacific Ocean, C-47s were used for ferrying soldiers serving in the Pacific theater back to the United States.
About 2,000 C-47s (received under Lend-Lease) in British and Commonwealth service took the name "Dakota", possibly inspired by the acronym "DACoTA" for Douglas Aircraft Company Transport Aircraft.
The C-47 also earned the informal nickname "gooney bird" in the European theatre of operations. Other sources attribute this name to the first aircraft, a USMC R2D—the military version of the DC-2—being the first aircraft to land on Midway Island, previously home to the long-winged albatross known as the gooney bird which was native to Midway.
Postwar era
C-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin Airlift
The United States Air Force's Strategic Air Command had Skytrains in service from 1946 to 1967. The US Air Force's 6th Special Operations Squadron was flying the C-47 until 2008.
TC-47D at McChord AFB
With all of their aircraft and pilots having been part of the Indian Air Force prior to independence, both the Indian Air Force and Pakistan Air Force used C-47s to transport supplies to their soldiers fighting in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947.
After World War II, thousands of surplus C-47s were converted to civilian airline use, some remaining in operation in 2012, as well as being used as private aircraft.
Vietnam War
Several C-47 variants were used in the Vietnam War by the United States Air Force, including three advanced electronic-warfare variations, which sometimes were called "electric gooneys" designated EC-47N, EC-47P, or EC-47Q depending on the engine used. In addition, HC-47s were used by the 9th Special Operations Squadron to conduct psychological warfare operations over South Vietnam and Laos. Miami Air International, Miami International Airport was a USAF military depot used to convert the commercial DC-3s/C-47s into military use. They came in as commercial aircraft purchased from third-world airlines and were completely stripped, rebuilt, and reconditioned. Long-range fuel tanks were installed, along with upgraded avionics and gun mounts. They left as first-rate military aircraft headed for combat in Vietnam in a variety of missions. EC-47s were also operated by the Vietnamese, Laotian, and Cambodian Air Forces. A gunship variation, using three 7.62 mm miniguns, designated AC-47 "Spooky", often nicknamed "Puff the magic dragon", also was deployed.
Variants
Main article: List of Douglas DC-3 family variants
C-47 in RCAF livery, still flying today. Operated by the RAF in England during WWII. FZ692 participated in two major airborne operations, Normandy and the Rhine Crossing.
Paratroop C-47, 12th Air Force Troop Carrier Wing, invasion of southern France, August 15, 1944
Interior view of Douglas C-47, Hendon Aerodrome, England
Aircraft of the 6th Special Operations Squadron including a turboprop C-47 (Basler BT-67) in use by the U.S. Air Force, c. 2005
Douglas C-47 lineup at Willow Run, Michigan Airshow, August 2017
C-47B Skytrain 43-49942
A former USAAF C-47A Skytrain which flew from a base in Devon, England, during the D-Day Normandy invasion and shows "invasion stripes" on her wings and fuselage
Douglas C-53 Skytrooper, c/n 4935, operated by a skydiving service at Eloy, Arizona
Douglas C-47A Skytrain Old Number 30
C-47 Skytrain cockpit
Douglas C-47A Skytrain of the Venezuelan Air Force
C-47
Initial military version of the DC-3 had four crew (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and radio operator) and seats for 27 troops alongside the fuselage interior. "Aerial Ambulances" fitted for casualty evacuation could carry 18 stretcher cases and a medical crew of three; 965 built (including 12 for the United States Navy as R4D-1).
C-47A
C-47 with a 24-volt electrical system, 5,254 built including USN aircraft designated R4D-5
RC-47A
C-47A equipped for photographic reconnaissance and ELINT missions
SC-47A
C-47A equipped for Search Air Rescue; redesignated HC-47A in 1962
VC-47A
C-47A equipped for VIP transport role
C-47B
Powered by R-1830-90 engines with two-speed superchargers (better altitude performance) to cover the China-Burma-India routes, 3,364 built
VC-47B
C-47B equipped for VIP transport role
XC-47C
C-47 tested with Edo Model 78 floats for possible use as a seaplane
C-47D
C-47B with second speed (high blower) of engine supercharger disabled or removed after the war
AC-47D Spooky
Gunship aircraft with three side-firing .30 in (7.62 mm) Minigun machine guns
EC-47D
C-47D with equipment for the Electronics Calibration, of which 26 were so converted by Hayes in 1953; prior to 1962 was designated AC-47D
NC-47D
C-47D modified for test roles
RC-47D
C-47D equipped for photographic reconnaissance and ELINT missions
SC-47D
C-47D equipped for Search Air Rescue; redesignated HC-47D in 1962
VC-47D
C-47D equipped for VIP transport role
C-47E
Modified cargo variant with space for 27–28 passengers or 18–24 litters
C-47F
YC-129 redesignated, Super DC-3 prototype for evaluation by USAF later passed to USN as XR4D-8
C-47L/M
C-47H/Js equipped for the support of American Legation United States Naval Attache (ALUSNA) and Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) missions
EC-47N/P/Q
C-47A and D aircraft modified for ELINT/ARDF mission, N and P differ in radio bands covered, while Q replaces analog equipment found on the N and P with a digital suite, redesigned antenna equipment and uprated engines
C-47R
One C-47M modified for high altitude work, specifically for missions in Ecuador
C-53 Skytrooper
Troop transport version of the C-47 that lacked the reinforced cargo floor, large cargo door, and hoist attachment of the C-47 Skytrain. It was dedicated for the troop transport role and could carry 28 passengers in fixed metal seats arranged in rows in the former cargo space; 221 built.
XC-53A Skytrooper
One testbed aircraft modified in March 1942 with full-span slotted flaps and hot-air leading edge de-icing. Converted to C-53 standard in 1949 and sold as surplus.
C-53B Skytrooper
Winterized and long-range Arctic version of the C-53 with extra fuel tanks in the fuselage and separate navigator's astrodome station for celestial navigation; eight built.
C-53C Skytrooper
C-53 with larger port-side access door; 17 built.
C-53D Skytrooper
C-53C with 24V DC electrical system and its 28 seats attached to the sides of the fuselage; 159 built.
C-117A Skytrooper
C-47B with 24-seat airline-type interior for staff transport use, 16 built.
VC-117A
Three redesignated C-117s used in the VIP role
SC-117A
One C-117C converted for air-sea rescue
C-117B/VC-117B
High-altitude two-speed superchargers replaced by one-speed superchargers, one built and conversions from C-117As all later VC-117B
C-117D
USN/USMC R4D-8 redesignated C-117D in 1962.
LC-117D
USN/USMC R4D-8L redesignated LC-117D in 1962.
TC-117D
USN/USMC R4D-8T redesignated TC-117D in 1962.
VC-117D
USN R4D-8Z redesignated VC-117D in 1962.
YC-129
Super DC-3 prototype for evaluation by USAF redesignated C-47F and later passed to USN as XR4D-8. Wright R-1820 engines uprated to 1425 hp.
CC-129
Canadian Forces designation for the C-47 (post-1970)
XCG-17
One C-47 tested as a 40-seat troop glider with engines removed and faired over
R4D-1 Skytrain
USN/USMC version of the C-47
R4D-3
Twenty C-53Cs transferred to USN
R4D-5
C-47A variant 24-volt electrical system replacing the 12-volt of the C-47; redesignated C-47H in 1962, 238 transferred from USAF
R4D-5L
R4D-5 for use in Antarctica. Redesignated LC-47H in 1962. Photos of this type show the removal of underslung engine oil coolers typical of the R-1830 engine installation; apparently not needed in the cold polar regions.
R4D-5Q
R4D-5 for use as special ECM trainer. Redesignated EC-47H in 1962
R4D-5R
R4D-5 for use as a personnel transport for 21 passengers and as a trainer aircraft; redesignated TC-47H in 1962
R4D-5S
R4D-5 for use as a special ASW trainer; redesignated SC-47H in 1962
R4D-5Z
R4D-5 for use as a VIP transport; redesignated VC-47H in 1962
JMSDF R4D-6Q
USN R4D-8 from VR-23 Codfish Airline over Mount Fuji, 1952
United States Navy R4D-8
R4D-6
157 C-47Bs transferred to USN; redesignated C-47J in 1962
R4D-6L, Q, R, S, and Z
Variants as the R4D-5 series; redesignated LC-47J, EC-47J, TC-47J, SC-47J, and VC-47J respectively in 1962
R4D-7
44 TC-47Bs transferred from USAF for use as a navigational trainer; redesignated TC-47K in 1962
R4D-8
R4D-5 and R4D-6 remanufactured aircraft with stretched fuselage, Wright R-1820 engines, fitted with modified wings and redesigned tail surfaces; redesignated C-117D in 1962
R4D-8L
R4D-8 converted for Antarctic use, redesignated LC-117D in 1962
R4D-8T
R4D-8 converted as crew trainers, redesignated TC-117D in 1962
R4D-8Z
R4D-8 converted as a staff transport, redesignated VC-117D in 1962
C-47TP "Turbo Dak"
Refit with two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67R turboprops and fuselage stretch for the South African Air Force
Basler BT-67
C-47 conversion with a stretched fuselage, strengthened structure, modern avionics, and powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67R turboprops
RAF designations
A Dakota IV in RAF Transport Command colors, owned by the Classic Air Force, operating out of Coventry Airport
Dakota I
RAF designation for the C-47 and R4D-1.
Dakota II
RAF designation for nine C-53 Skytroopers received under the lend lease scheme. Unlike the majority of RAF Dakotas, these aircraft were therefore dedicated troop transports, lacking the wide cargo doors and reinforced floor of the C-47.
Dakota III
RAF designation for the C-47A.
Dakota IV
RAF designation for the C-47B.
Airspeed AS.61
Projected conversion of Dakota I aircraft by Airspeed. None built.
Airspeed AS.62
Projected conversion of Dakota II aircraft by Airspeed. None built.
Airspeed AS.63
Projected conversion of Dakota III aircraft by Airspeed. None built.
BEA Pionair/Dart-Dakota
Conversion of Dakota to Rolls-Royce Dart power and used by BEA to prove turboprop engines prior to entry into service of Vickers Viscount.
Aftermarket conversions
Main article: List of Douglas DC-3 family variants § Conversions
Operators
South African Air Force C-47TP "Turbo Dak"
A Royal Thai Air Force Basler BT-67 (C-47 conversion with Pratt & Whitney turboprops and stretched fuselage)
See also: List of Douglas C-47 Skytrain operators
Argentina
Australia
Belgium
Benin
Biafra
Bangladesh
Bolivia
Brazil
Burma
Cambodia
Canada
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Gabon
Greece
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jordan
Japan
Kenya
Laos
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Monaco
Morocco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Northern Rhodesia
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Rhodesia
Romania
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
South Africa
South Korea
South Vietnam
Somalia
Soviet Union (also as Lisunov Li-2)
Sri Lanka
Spain
Sweden
Singapore
Syria
Taiwan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Turkey
Uganda
Uruguay
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
Vietnam
West Germany
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zaire
Zambia
Accidents and incidents
Further information: List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3
Surviving aircraft
Main article: List of surviving Douglas C-47 Skytrains
Large numbers of C-47s, C-117s and other variants survive, on display in museums or as monuments; operated as warbirds; or remaining in service.
As part of the D-Day 75th-anniversary commemoration in June 2019, 14 American C-47s (including That's All, Brother, Betsy's Biscuit Bomber, Miss Montana, Spirit of Benovia, D-Day Doll, Boogie Baby, N47E Miss Virginia, and Whiskey 7) Another group of 'Daks' from Europe retraced the route across the English Channel to Normandy taken by roughly 850 of these aircraft on D-Day.
Specifications (C-47B-DK)
Douglas C-47 Skytrain 3-view drawing
Data from McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume IGeneral characteristics
Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, radio operator)
Capacity: 28 troops or 6,000 lb (2.72 t) of cargo
Length: 63 ft 9 in (19.43 m)
Wingspan: 95 ft 6 in (29.11 m)
Height: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)
Wing area: 987 sq ft (91.7 m2)
Airfoil: root: NACA 2215; tip: NACA 2206
Empty weight: 18,135 lb (8,226 kg)
Gross weight: 26,000 lb (11,793 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 31,000 lb (14,061 kg)
Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-1830-90C Twin Wasp 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each
Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellers
Performance
Maximum speed: 224 mph (360 km/h, 195 kn) at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)
Range: 1,600 mi (2,600 km, 1,400 nmi)
Ferry range: 3,600 mi (5,800 km, 3,100 nmi)
Service ceiling: 26,400 ft (8,000 m)
Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 9 minutes 30 seconds
Wing loading: 26.3 lb/sq ft (128 kg/m2)
Power/mass: 0.0926 hp/lb (0.1522 kW/kg)
See also
Aviation portal
Related development
Basler BT-67
Conroy Turbo-Three
Douglas AC-47 Spooky
Douglas DC-3
Douglas XCG-17
Lisunov Li-2
Showa/Nakajima L2D
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Curtiss C-46 Commando
Junkers Ju 52/3m
Related lists
List of aircraft of World War II
List of military aircraft of the United States
List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)
List of non-carrier aircraft flown from aircraft carriers
References
Notes
^ Air International out of Miami International Airport was a military depot used by the air force to convert the DC-3s into military use.
Citations
^ C-47 Skytrain Military Transport Historical Snapshot Archived 2020-10-28 at the Wayback Machine. Boeing. Retrieved: 29 June 2017.
^ a b Parker 2013, pp. 13, 35, 37, 39, 45–47.
^ Wilson, Stewart. Aircraft of WWII. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1998. ISBN 1-875671-35-8.
^ Parker 2013, pp. 37, 39, 45-47.
^ Herman 2012, pp. 202-203, 227.
^ "Super DC-3" Archived 2017-07-21 at the Wayback Machine. dc3history.org. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
^ Francillon 1979, pp. 464–465.
^ Francillon 1979, pp. 466–467.
^ Cacutt, Len. "The World's Greatest Aircraft," Exeter Books, New York, NY, 1988. ISBN 0-7917-0011-9.
^ "History: Douglas C-47 Skytrain Military Transport" Archived 2020-10-28 at the Wayback Machine. Boeing. Retrieved: 14 July 2015.
^ a b O'Rourke, G.G, CAPT USN. "Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads". United States Naval Institute Proceedings, July 1968.
^ C-47/R4D Skytrain units of the Pacific and CBI, David Isby, Osprey Combat Aircraft #66, Osprey Publishing Limited, 2007
^ "Chronological History of the EC-47's Location by Tail Number." Archived 2020-10-08 at the Wayback Machine ec47.com. Retrieved: 7 April 2009.
^ Rickard, J. "Douglas EC-47N" Archived 2020-04-23 at the Wayback Machine. historyofwar.org, 12 November 2008. Retrieved: 7 April 2009.
^ "Aviation in Long Pants" (photo of XC-47C). Archived 2023-09-09 at the Wayback Machine Popular Mechanics, July 1944.
^ "DC-3s On Floats." Archived 2020-10-27 at the Wayback Machine YouTube, 8 November 2008. Note: first part has rare World War II film footage and narration by project manager for the XC-47C.
^ "1952 | 3204 | Flight Archive". Flightglobal.com. 1951-08-15. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2018-06-27.
^ "Douglas DC-3 (CC-129) Dakota." Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine DND - Canada's Air Force. Retrieved: 14 October 2009.
^ a b "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-29. Retrieved 2013-06-20.
^ "The Mighty Fifteen—The American Contingent Flying to Normandy". The D-Day Squadron. DC-3 Society. Archived from the original on 2019-11-30. Retrieved January 7, 2021. See archive link for aircraft photos.
^ "Miss Montana – Miss Montana to Normandy". Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
^ Golds, Alan (2 June 2019). "A World War II-era veteran returns to the air". www.cbsnews.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
^ Francillon, René J. (1988). McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. pp. 217–251. ISBN 0870214284.
^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
Bibliography
Anderson, C. E. "Bud" (December 1981 – March 1982). "Caught by the Wing-tip". Air Enthusiast. No. 17. pp. 74–80. ISSN 0143-5450.
Chorlton, Martyn. Paths in the Wood. Cowbit, UK: Old Forge Publishing Ltd, 2003. ISBN 0-9544507-0-1.
De Vink, Hervé (August 1976). "Adieu au "Dakota" de la Force aérienne belge" . Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (81): 17–19. ISSN 0757-4169.
Donald, David. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
Flintham, Victor. Air Wars and Aircraft: A Detailed Record of Air Combat, 1945 to the Present. New York: Facts on File, 1990. ISBN 0-8160-2356-5.
Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920. London: Putnam & Company, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.
Gradidge, Jennifer M. The Douglas DC-1, DC-2, DC-3: The First Seventy Years. Two volumes. Tonbridge, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2006. ISBN 0-85130-332-3.
Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II. New York: Random House, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4.
Kaplan, Philip. Legend: A Celebration of the Douglas DC-3/C-47/Dakota. Peter Livanos & Philip Kaplan, 2009. ISBN 978-0-9557061-1-0.
Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II. Cypress, California: Dana Parker Enterprises, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
Pearcy, Arthur Jr. "Douglas R4D variants (US Navy's DC-3/C-47)". Aircraft in Profile, Volume 14. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications, 1974, pp. 49–73. ISBN 0-85383-023-1.
"Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation". Air Enthusiast Quarterly (2): 154–162. n.d. ISSN 0143-5450.
Serrano, José Luis González (March–April 1999). "Fifty Years of DC Service: Douglas Transports Used by the Spanish Air Force". Air Enthusiast (80): 61–71. ISSN 0143-5450.
Widfeldt, Bo (April–July 1980). ""Operation Ball": USAAF Operations in Sweden 1944–45". Air Enthusiast. No. 12. pp. 51–53. ISSN 0143-5450.
Yenne, Bill. McDonnell Douglas: A Tale of Two Giants. Greenwich, Connecticut: Bison Books, 1985. ISBN 0-517-44287-6.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to C-47 Skytrain.
Boeing: Historical Snapshot: C-47 Skytrain military transport
Manual: (1943) T.O. No. 01-40NC-1 Pilot's Flight Operating Instructions C-47 Airplane
"Our Tow Ships". National WWII Glider Pilots Association, Inc. 09 July 2014.
Pilot training manual for the C-47 – The Museum of Flight Digital Collections
vteDouglas military aircraftFighters
XFD
XP-48
P-70
F3D Skyknight
F4D Skyray
F5D Skylancer
XF6D Missileer
Ground attack
XA-2
A-20
A-24
A-26 Invader
A-33
A-1 Skyraider
A-3 Skywarrior
A-4 Skyhawk/A-4AR Fightinghawk/A-4SU Super Skyhawk
AC-47 "Spooky"
DT
T2D
XT3D
TBD Devastator
SBD Dauntless
BD
XBTD Destroyer
XTB2D Skypirate
AD Skyraider
XA2D Skyshark
A3D Skywarrior
A4D Skyhawk
Bombers
YB-7
YB-11
B-18 Bolo
XB-19
XB-22
B-23 Dragon
B-26 Invader
XB-31
XB-42 Mixmaster
XB-43 Jetmaster
B-66 Destroyer
Model 423
Model 1211-J
DB-1
DB-2
DB-7
DB-8
DB-19
DB-73
Boston I/II/III/IV/V
Digby I
Havoc I/II
DXD1
Observation
O-2
OD
O2D
O-31
O-35
O-38
O-43
YO-44
O-46
O-53
YOA-5
Patrol
PD
P2D
P3D
Reconnaissance
F-3
Transports
C-1
C-21
C-32
C-33
YC-34
C-38
C-39
C-41
C-41A
C-42
C-47 Skytrain (Dakota I/III/IV)
C-48
C-49
C-50
C-51
C-52
C-53 Skytrooper
C-54 Skymaster
C-58
UC-67
C-68
C-74 Globemaster
C-84
C-110
XC-112/YC-112
XC-114
YC-116
C-117
C-117D
C-118
C-124 Globemaster II
YC-129
C-132
C-133 Cargomaster
C-9 (Nightingale/Skytrain II)
C-24
RD
R2D
R3D
R4D-1/-3/-5/-6/-7
R4D-8
R5D
JD
R6D
CC-129
LXD1
PD.808
Skymaster I
Gliders
XCG-17
Training aircraft
BT-1
BT-2
XT-30
Experimental
World Cruiser
D-558-1 Skystreak
D-558-2 Skyrocket
X-3 Stiletto
vteDouglas DC-3 familyCivil/Commercial
DC-1
DC-2
DC-3
DST
Military
B-18
B-22
B-23
C-32
C-33
C-34
C-38
C-39
C-41
A
C-42
C-47
F
AC-47
C-48
C-49
C-50
C-51
C-52
C-53
C-58
C-67
C-68
C-84
C-117
D
C-129
CG-17
R2D
R4D
-2/4
-8
CC-129
LXD
Dakota
Digby
After-market
Basler BT-67
Conroy Turbo-Three
Conroy Tri-Turbo-Three
Foreign productionAirspeed (United Kingdom)
AS.23
Kamov (Soviet Union)
Ka-Li-2
GAZ (Soviet Union)
Li-2
Li-3
PS-84
Nakajima (Japan)
DC-2
L2D
Showa (Japan)
L2D
Reporting names
Cab
Tabby
Accidents & Incidents
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1970–1974
1975–1979
1980s
1990s
2000–present
Notable aircraft
Delta Ship 41
N763A
OH-LCH
That's All, Brother
Topics
In fiction
DC-2
C-47/C-53/Dakota
Operators
C-47
Survivors
C-47
Variants
See also: Douglas DC-4 family • McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family
Designation sequences for this aircraft:
vteUnited States military transport aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systemsArmy/Air Force sequence(1925-1962)
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-11
C-12
C-131
C-14
C-15
C-16
C-17
C-18
C-19
C-20
C-21
C-22
C-23
C-24
C-25
C-26
C-27
C-28
C-29
C-30
C-31
C-32
C-33
C-34
C-35
C-36
C-37
C-38
C-39
C-40
C-41
C-41A
C-42
C-43
C-44
C-45
C-46
C-47
C-47F
C-47T
AC-47
C-48
C-49
C-50
C-51
C-52
C-53
C-54
C-55
C-56
C-57
C-58
C-59
C-60
C-61
C-62
C-63
C-64
C-65
C-66
C-67
C-68
C-69
C-70
C-70B
C-71
C-72
C-73
C-74
C-75
C-76
C-77
C-77B–D
C-78
C-79
C-80
C-81
C-82
C-83
C-83A
C-83B
C-84
C-85
C-86
C-87
C-88
C-89
C-90
C-91
C-92
C-93
C-94
C-95
C-96
C-97
KC-97
C-98
C-99
C-100
C-101
C-102
C-103
C-104
C-105
C-106
C-107
C-108
C-109
C-110
C-111
C-112
C-113
C-114
C-115
C-116
C-117
C-117D
C-118
C-119
AC-119
C-120
C-121
C-121F
EC-121
C-122
C-123
C-123A
C-124
C-125
C-126
C-1272
C-127 (I)
C-127 (II)
C-128
C-129
C-130
C-130J
AC-130
DC-130
EC-130/H
HC-130
KC-130
LC-130
MC-130
WC-130
C-131
NC-131H
C-132
C-133
C-134
C-135
KC-135
C-136
C-1372
YC-137 (I)
YC-137 (II)
C-137
C-1381
C-1391
C-140
C-141
C-142
Tri-service sequence(1962-present)
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-72
C-7
RC-7
C-8
C-9
C-102
C-10
KC-10
C-11
C-12
RC-12
C-131
C-14
C-15
C-161
C-17
C-18
C-19
C-202
C-20A–D
C-20F–J
C-21
C-22
C-23
C-24
C-25
C-26
C-27
C-27J
C-28
C-29
C-301
C-31
C-32
C-33
C-341
C-35
C-363
C-37
C-37B
C-38
C-391
C-40
C-41
C-421
C-431
C-441
C-45
C-46
Revived original sequence(2005-present)
C-143
C-144
C-145
C-146
C-147
Non-sequential designations
C-767
C-767B
C-880
Related designations
CT-39
CT-43
CV-2
CV-7
1 Not assigned • 2 Assigned to multiple types • 3 UnconfirmedvteUSN/USMC transport designations pre–1962T-series (pre–1931)Atlantic Aircraft
TA
R-series (1931–1962)Atlantic Aircraft
RA
-4
Budd
RB
Curtiss
RC
R2C4
R3C4
R4C
R5C
Douglas
RD
R2D
R3D
R4D
R4D-8
R5D
R6D
Bellanca
RE
Kinner
RK
Kreider-Reisner
RK2
R2K
Martin
RM
Lockheed
RO
R2O
R3O
R4O
R5O
R6O
R7O-1/-2
to "V" (see below, at "Lockheed")
Stinson
RQ
R2Q2
R3Q
Fairchild
RQ
R2Q
R3Q2
R4Q
Ford
RR
Sikorsky
RS
Northrop
RT
Lockheed
from "O" (see above, at "Lockheed")
R6V
R7V-1/-2
R8V
Convair
RY
R2Y
R3Y
R4Y
1 Not assigned
2 Assigned to a different manufacturer's type
3 Sequence restarted
4 Assigned to a different class of aircraft
vteUnited States Air Force system numbers100–199
100
101
P
102
103
104
105
1061
107
A-1
A-2
1081
1091
110
1111
112
1131
1141
1151
1161
117
L
M
118
A
L
P
119
C/F
E
L
T
Y
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
1271
128
129
130
131
132
A
B
133
1341
135
1361
1371
138
139
140
1411
142
143–1971
198
199
B
C
D
Y
200–299
200
201
A/L
B/W
E
202
2031
204
205
206
2071
208
2091
210
2111
212
213
214
2151
216
217
218
2191
220
221
222
A
G
2231
224
2251
226
227–2381
239
240–2781
279
280–2981
299
300–399
300
3011
302
303
3041
3051
306
A/L
B
307
308
309
3101
3111
3121
3131
314
315
A-1
A-2
316
317
3181
319
3201
321
3221
323
324
L
M/N
325
326
327
E
328
E
329
F
3301
3311
3321
3331
3341
335
336
337
338–3791
380
A/B/E/F/N
P
381–3971
398
399
A
B
400–499
400
B/C/N
E
G/H
M
401
402
4031
404
405
B
C
D
4061
407
4081
4091
410
E
L
411
E
L
412
413
414
L
M
415
416
L
M (I)
M (II)
P
Q
417
418
L
M
4191
420
L/W
4211
422
423
424
425
426
L
M
427
L
M
428
A
L
429
430
431
G (I)
G (II)
432
433
434
435
A
L
436
437
438
439
440
441
A
D
L
442
443
4441
445
L
M
446
447
4481
4491
450
451
D
L
452
453
4541
455
456
4571
458
459
460
L
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
L (I)
L (II)
472
473
474
L
N
4751
476
E
477
478
A
T
4791
480
481
L
482
E
L
M/Z
483
484
L
M
N
485
L
Z
486
487
488
489
490
L
M
4911
492
493
494
495
L (I)
L (II)
496
497
A
L (I)
L
498
A
C
D
E
L
499
A
C
D
500–599
500
501–5191
520
521–5291
530
531–5411
542
543–5491
550
A
E
551–5591
560
A
F
561–5691
570
571–5791
580
A
E
581–5891
590
591
592
593–5991
600–699
600
601
A
L
602
A
L
603
A
L
604
605
606
607
6081
609
6101
6111
6121
6131
614
6151
616
6171
618
6191
620
621
A/B (I)
B (II)
622
623
624
625
6261
627
6281
6291
6301
6311
632
633
634
A
B
635
6361
6371
638
639
640
641
642
643
6441
6451
6461
6471
648
A
D
P
649
A
B
C
D
E
F
L
P
650
651
652
6531
6541
655
A (I)
A (II)
P
656
6571
6581
6591
660
661
6621
6631
664
665
A (I)
A (II)
666
A
C/P
667
668
6691
670
6711
672
A
M/P
6731
674
675
6761
6771
6781
679
680
681
D
E
6821
683
A
J
V
6841
685
686
687
J
P
6881
6891
690
691
C
X
Z
6921
693
6941
695
A
B
C
L
N
P
Q
R
S (I)
S (II)
6961
6971
6981
6991
700–799
700–7351
736
7371
7381
7391
7401
741
742
743
7441
745
746–7531
754
755–7991
800–899
8001
8011
802
L (I)
L (II)
8031
8041
8051
806
807
808–8161
817
8181
8191
8201
8211
8221
823
824–8311
832
8331
834
835–8451
846
847–8991
900–999
900–9511
952
8531
8541
8551
956
957–9671
968
1 Unknown or not assignedvteSwedish military aircraft designations 1926–currentAttack aircraft (A)
A 1
A 28
A 29
A 32
A 36
AJ 37
A 38
JAS 39
Bombers (B)
B 1
B 2
B 3
B 4
B 5
B 6
B 7
B 8
B 16
B 17
B 18
B 24
B 26
Army aeroplanes (Fpl)
Fpl 51
Fpl 53
Fpl 54
Fpl 61
Gliders (G/Lg/Se)
G 101
Se 102
Se 103
Se 104
Lg 105
Helicopter (Hkp)
Hkp 1
Hkp 2
Hkp 3
Hkp 4
Hkp 5
HKP 6
HKP 9
HKP 10
HKP 11
HKP 14
HKP 15
HKP 16
Fighters (J)
J 1
J 2
J 3
J 4
J 5
J 6
J 7
J 8
J 9
J 10
J 11
J 12
J 19
J 20
J 21/21R
J 22
J 23
J 24
J 26
J 27
J 28
J 29
J 30
J 31
J 32
J 33
J 34
J 35
JA 37
JAS 39
Advanced trainers (Ö)
Ö 1
Ö 2
Ö 3
Ö 4
Ö 5
Ö 6
Ö 7
Ö 8
Ö 9
Trials aircraft (P)
P 1
P 2
P 3
P 4
P 5
P 6
P 7
P 8/P 8A/P 8B
P 9A/P 9B
Reconnaissance (S)
S 1
S 2
S 3
S 4
S 5
S 6
S 7
S 8
S 9
S 10
S 11
S 12
S 13
S 14
S 15
S 16
S 17
S 18
S 22
S 26
S 29
S 31
S 32
S 35
SF 37/SH 37
JAS 39
S 100
Trainers (Sk)
Sk 1
Sk 2
Sk 3
Sk 4
Sk 5
Sk 6
Sk 7
Sk 8
Sk 9
Sk 10
Sk 11
Sk 12
Sk 14
Sk 15
Sk 16
Sk 25
Sk 26
Sk 28
Sk 35
Sk 38
Sk 40
Sk 50
Sk 60
Sk 61
Torpedo bombers (T)
T 1
T 2
T 16
T 18
Transports (Trp/Tp)
Trp 1
Trp 2/2A
Trp 3
Trp 4
Tp 5
Tp 6
Tp 7
Tp 8/8A
Tp 9
Tp 10
Tp 16
Tp 24
Tp 45
Tp 46
Tp 47
Tp 52
Tp 53
Tp 54
Tp 55
Tp 78
Tp 79
Tp 80
Tp 81
Tp 82
Tp 83
Tp 84
Tp 85
Tp 86
Tp 87
Tp 88
Tp 89
Tp 91
Tp 100
Tp 101
Tp 102
Tp 103
vteCanadian Armed Forces post-1968 unified aircraft designationsNumericalSequence
100
101
1021
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119 (I)
119 (II)
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151–1541
155
156
157–1591
160
161
162
163
164–1661
167
168
169
170
1711
172
173
174–1751
176
177
178
179–1871
188
189–2941
295
296–3291
330
RoleCargo (CC)
CC-106
CC-108
CC-109
CC-115
CC-117
CC-123
CC-129
CC-130
CC-132
CC-137
CC-138
CC-141
CC-144
CC-150
CC-177
CC-295
CC-330
Fighters (CF)
CF-100
CF-101
CF-103
CF-104
CF-105
CF-111
CF-116
CF-188
Helicopter (CH)
CH-112
CH-113
CH-118
CH-124
CH-125
CH-126
CH-127
CH-135
CH-136
CH-139
CH-143
CH-146
CH-147
CH-148
CH-149
CH-178
Observation (CO)
CO-119 (I)
CO-119 (II)
Patrol (CP)
CP-107
CP-121
CP-122
CP-140
Search & Rescue (CSR)
CSR-110
CSR-123
Trainer (CT)
CT-114
CT-120
CT-128
CT-133
CT-134
CT-142
CT-145
CT-155
CT-156
Unmanned (CU)
CU-160
CU-161
CU-162
CU-163
CU-167
CU-168
CU-169
CU-170
CU-172
CU-173
CU-176
Experimental (CX)
CX-131
1 Not assignedvteCzechoslovak Air Force transport aircraft designations, 1945–1958Transport(Dopravní)
D-2
D-41
D-42
D-43
D-44
D-47
D-52
D-54
D-58
D-141
D-352
vteRoyal Thai Armed Forces transport aircraft designationsB.L(Transport)
B.L.1
B.L.2
K
B.JL.2
B.L.3
B.L.4
B.L.5
B.L.6
B.TL.7
B.L.8
B.L.9
B.L.10
B.L.11
K/Kh
B.TL.12
B.L.13
B.L.14
B.L.15
B.L.16
B.L.17
B.L.18
B.L.19
B.L.20
vteRoyal Thai Armed Forces observation aircraft designationsB.T(Observation)
B.T.1
B.T.2
B.T.3
Related designations
B.TF.11
B.TF.20
B.TKh.18
B.TL.2
B.TL.6
B.TL.7
B.TL.9
B.TL.12
vteSpanish Armed Forces transport aircraft designationsTransporte (R)Transport
T.1
T.2
T.3
T.4
T.5
T.6
T.7
T.8
T.9 (I)
T.9 (II)
T.10
T.11
T.12
T.13
T.14
T.15
T.16
T.17
T.18
T.19
TR.20
T.21
T.22
Transporte Cisterna (TK)Tanker
TK.1
vteAustralian Defence Force aircraft serial-number prefixesItalics indicate prefixes not used.RAAF Series One1921–34
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
RAAF Series Two1935–63
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A24
A25
A26
A27
A28
A29
A30
A30
A31
A32
A33
A34
A35
A36
A37
A37
A37
A38
A39
A40
A41
A42
A43
A44
A44
A45
A46
A47
A48
A49
A50
A51
A52
A53
A54
A55
A56
A57
A58
A59
A60
A61
A62
A63
A64
A65
A66
A67
A68 (I)
A68 (II)
A69
A70
A71
A72
A73
A74
A75
A76
A77
A78
A79
A80
A81
A82
A83
A84
A85
A86
A87
A88
A89
A90
A91
A92
A93
A94
A95
A96
A97
A98
A99
A100
RAN Series1
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
N11
N12
N13
N14
N15
N16
RAAF Series ThreeTri-Service series1964–present
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17/N17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22/N22
A23
N24
A25
A26
A27
N28
N29
A30
A31
A32
A33
A34
A35
A36
A37
A38
A39
A40/N40
A41
N42
A43
A44
A45
A46
A47
N48
N49
A51
N52
A53
A54
A55
A56
A69
Lists
Aircraft of the RAAF
Aircraft of the RAN
Aircraft of the Australian Army
1 Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes.
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"C-47 (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-47_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"R-4D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-4D"},{"link_name":"RAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"military transport aircraft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlift"},{"link_name":"Douglas DC-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3"},{"link_name":"Allies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"troop transport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft"},{"link_name":"cargo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_cargo"},{"link_name":"paratrooper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratrooper"},{"link_name":"gliders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_glider"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Parker,_Dana_T._pp._13,_35-2"},{"link_name":"Curtiss C-46 Commando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando"}],"text":"\"C-47\" redirects here. For other uses, see C-47 (disambiguation).\"R4D\" redirects here. For the rocket engine, see R-4D.The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota (RAF designation) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner. It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II. During the war the C-47 was used for troop transport, cargo, paratrooper, for towing gliders and military cargo parachute drops. The C-47 remained in front-line service with various military operators for many years.[2] It was produced in approximately triple the numbers as the larger, much heavier payload Curtiss C-46 Commando, which filled a similar role for the U.S. military.Approximately 100 countries' armed forces have operated the C-47 with over 60 variants of the aircraft produced. As with the civilian DC-3, the C-47 remains in service in the present day, over 80 years after the type's introduction.","title":"Douglas C-47 Skytrain"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"glider-towing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_glider"},{"link_name":"astrodome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrodome_(aeronautics)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wilson-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Long Beach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Beach,_California"},{"link_name":"Santa Monica, California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma City, Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Parker,_Dana_T._pp._13,_35-2"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The C-47 differed from the civilian DC-3 by way of numerous modifications, including being fitted with a cargo door, hoist attachment and strengthened floor - along with a shortened tail cone for glider-towing shackles, and an astrodome in the cabin roof.[3][4]During World War II, the armed forces of many countries used the C-47 and modified DC-3s for the transport of troops, cargo, and wounded. The U.S. naval designation was R4D. More than 10,000 aircraft were produced in Long Beach and Santa Monica, California, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Between March 1943 and August 1945, the Oklahoma City plant produced 5,354 C-47s.[2][5]The specialized C-53 Skytrooper troop transport started production in October 1941 at Douglas Aircraft's Santa Monica plant. It lacked the cargo door, hoist attachment, and reinforced floor of the C-47. Only 380 aircraft were produced in all because the C-47 was found to be more versatile.","title":"Design and development"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C-117D_Super_Dakotas_US_Navy_1967.jpg"},{"link_name":"RAF Mildenhall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Mildenhall"},{"link_name":"Civil Air Regulations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Regulations"},{"link_name":"Wright R-1820","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-1820"},{"link_name":"Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-2000_Twin_Wasp"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Frnc_Doug_p464-5-7"},{"link_name":"Capital Airlines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Airlines_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Frnc_Doug_p466-7-8"}],"sub_title":"Super DC-3 (R4D-8)","text":"U.S. Navy C-117Ds at RAF Mildenhall in 1967Large numbers of DC-3s and surplus C-47s were in commercial use in the United States in the 1940s. In response to proposed changes to the Civil Air Regulations airworthiness requirements that would limit the continuing use of these aircraft, Douglas offered a late-1940s DC-3 conversion to improve takeoff and single-engine performance. This new model, the DC-3S or \"Super DC-3\", was 39 in (0.99 m) longer. It allowed 30 passengers to be carried, with increased speed to compete with newer airliners. The rearward shift in the center of gravity led to larger tail surfaces and new outer, swept-back wings. More powerful engines were installed along with shorter, jet ejection-type exhaust stacks. These were either 1,475 hp (1,100 kW) Wright R-1820 Cyclones or 1,450 hp (1,081 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-2000 Twin Wasps in larger engine nacelles. Minor changes included wheel-well doors, a partially retractable tailwheel, flush rivets, and low-drag antenna. These all contributed to an increased top speed of 250 mph (400 km/h; 220 kn). With over 75% of the original DC-3/C-47 configuration changed, the modified design was virtually a new aircraft.[6] The first DC-3S made its maiden flight on 23 June 1949.[7]The changes fully met the new FAR 4B airworthiness requirements, with significantly improved performance. However, little interest was expressed by commercial operators in the DC-3S. It was too expensive for the smaller operators that were its main target; only three were sold to Capital Airlines. The U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps had 100 of their R4D aircraft modified to Super DC-3 standards as the R4D-8, later redesignated the C-117D.[8]","title":"Design and development"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_Pathfinders_June_1944.jpg"},{"link_name":"U.S. Army Pathfinders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathfinders_(military)"},{"link_name":"USAAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"D-Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Day"},{"link_name":"RAF North Witham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_North_Witham"},{"link_name":"Guadalcanal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalcanal"},{"link_name":"New Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea"},{"link_name":"Burma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_Campaign"},{"link_name":"Battle of Bastogne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bastogne"},{"link_name":"The Hump","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hump"},{"link_name":"Berlin Airlift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Airlift"},{"link_name":"Douglas C-54 Skymasters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"paratroop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratrooper"},{"link_name":"gliders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_glider"},{"link_name":"invasion of Sicily","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily"},{"link_name":"D-Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Day"},{"link_name":"invasion of Normandy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Pacific War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_War"},{"link_name":"Lend-Lease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lend-Lease"},{"link_name":"took the name \"Dakota\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_military_aircraft_designation_systems"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"gooney bird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albatross"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Proceedings-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"sub_title":"World War II","text":"U.S. Army Pathfinders and USAAF flight crew prior to D-Day, June 1944, in front of a C-47 Skytrain at RAF North WithamThe C-47 was vital to the success of many Allied campaigns, in particular, those at Guadalcanal and in the jungles of New Guinea and Burma, where the C-47 and its naval version, the R4D, made it possible for Allied troops to counter the mobility of the light-traveling Japanese Army. C-47s were used to airlift supplies to the encircled American forces during the Battle of Bastogne in Belgium. Possibly its most influential role in military aviation, however, was flying \"The Hump\" from India into China. The expertise gained flying \"The Hump\" was later used in the Berlin Airlift, in which the C-47 played a major role until the aircraft were replaced by Douglas C-54 Skymasters.[citation needed]In Europe, the C-47 and a specialized paratroop variant, the C-53 Skytrooper, were used in vast numbers in the later stages of the war, particularly to tow gliders and drop paratroops. During the invasion of Sicily in July 1943, C-47s dropped 4,381 Allied paratroops. More than 50,000 paratroops were dropped by C-47s during the first few days of the D-Day campaign also known as the invasion of Normandy, France, in June 1944.[9] In the Pacific War, with careful use of the island landing strips of the Pacific Ocean, C-47s were used for ferrying soldiers serving in the Pacific theater back to the United States.About 2,000 C-47s (received under Lend-Lease) in British and Commonwealth service took the name \"Dakota\", possibly inspired by the acronym \"DACoTA\" for Douglas Aircraft Company Transport Aircraft.[10]The C-47 also earned the informal nickname \"gooney bird\" in the European theatre of operations.[11] Other sources[12] attribute this name to the first aircraft, a USMC R2D—the military version of the DC-2—being the first aircraft to land on Midway Island, previously home to the long-winged albatross known as the gooney bird which was native to Midway.","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C-47s_at_Tempelhof_Airport_Berlin_1948.jpg"},{"link_name":"Tempelhof Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempelhof_Airport"},{"link_name":"Berlin Airlift","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Blockade"},{"link_name":"United States Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Strategic Air Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command"},{"link_name":"6th Special Operations Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Special_Operations_Squadron"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TC-47D_SN_44-76502.jpg"},{"link_name":"McChord AFB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McChord_AFB"},{"link_name":"Indian Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Pakistan Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Indo-Pakistan War of 1947","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistan_War_of_1947"},{"link_name":"in 2012","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Airways#Fleet"}],"sub_title":"Postwar era","text":"C-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin AirliftThe United States Air Force's Strategic Air Command had Skytrains in service from 1946 to 1967. The US Air Force's 6th Special Operations Squadron was flying the C-47 until 2008.TC-47D at McChord AFBWith all of their aircraft and pilots having been part of the Indian Air Force prior to independence, both the Indian Air Force and Pakistan Air Force used C-47s to transport supplies to their soldiers fighting in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947.After World War II, thousands of surplus C-47s were converted to civilian airline use, some remaining in operation in 2012, as well as being used as private aircraft.","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Vietnam War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War"},{"link_name":"[Note 1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"AC-47 \"Spooky\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC-47_Spooky"},{"link_name":"Puff the magic dragon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puff_the_magic_dragon"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Proceedings-11"}],"sub_title":"Vietnam War","text":"Several C-47 variants were used in the Vietnam War by the United States Air Force, including three advanced electronic-warfare variations, which sometimes were called \"electric gooneys\" designated EC-47N, EC-47P, or EC-47Q depending on the engine used. In addition, HC-47s were used by the 9th Special Operations Squadron to conduct psychological warfare operations over South Vietnam and Laos. Miami Air International, Miami International Airport was a USAF military depot used to convert the commercial DC-3s/C-47s into military use. They came in as commercial aircraft purchased from third-world airlines and were completely stripped, rebuilt, and reconditioned. Long-range fuel tanks were installed, along with upgraded avionics and gun mounts. They left as first-rate military aircraft headed for combat in Vietnam in a variety of missions. [Note 1] EC-47s were also operated by the Vietnamese, Laotian, and Cambodian Air Forces.[14] A gunship variation, using three 7.62 mm miniguns, designated AC-47 \"Spooky\", often nicknamed \"Puff the magic dragon\", also was deployed.[11]","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C-47_in_RCAF_in_livery._Operated_by_the_RAF_in_England_during_WWII_..jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_USAAF_C-47A_Skytrains.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C-47inside.jpg"},{"link_name":"Hendon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendon"},{"link_name":"England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:6th_Special_Operations_Squadron_and_aircraft.jpg"},{"link_name":"6th Special Operations Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Special_Operations_Squadron"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_C-47%27s.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C-47B_Skytrain_-serial_43-49942_Bluebonnet_Belle-26Oct2008.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_c47-a_skytrain_n1944a_cotswoldairshow_2010_arp.jpg"},{"link_name":"D-Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Day"},{"link_name":"invasion stripes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_stripes"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_C-53_%27N86584%27_(13956017704).jpg"},{"link_name":"skydiving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skydiving"},{"link_name":"Eloy, Arizona","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eloy,_Arizona"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_Dakota_%E2%80%9COld_Number_30%E2%80%9D-1.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_Dakota_%E2%80%9COld_Number_30%E2%80%9D-3.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DOUGLAS_C-47A_-_SKYTRAIN.jpg"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"Burma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"AC-47D Spooky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC-47_Spooky"},{"link_name":"Minigun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minigun"},{"link_name":"C-117D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8/C-117D"},{"link_name":"YC-129","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8/C-117D"},{"link_name":"Wright R-1820","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-1820"},{"link_name":"XCG-17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_XCG-17"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JMSDF_R4D-6Q(9023)_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Naval_Air_Base_Museum_April_29,_2017_02.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R4D-8_VR-23_over_Mt_Fuji_1952.jpg"},{"link_name":"Mount Fuji","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_R4D-8.jpg"},{"link_name":"R4D-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8/C-117D"},{"link_name":"Wright R-1820","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-1820"},{"link_name":"PT6A-67R","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PT6"},{"link_name":"turboprops","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboprop"},{"link_name":"Basler BT-67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basler_BT-67"}],"text":"C-47 in RCAF livery, still flying today. Operated by the RAF in England during WWII. FZ692 participated in two major airborne operations, Normandy and the Rhine Crossing.Paratroop C-47, 12th Air Force Troop Carrier Wing, invasion of southern France, August 15, 1944Interior view of Douglas C-47, Hendon Aerodrome, EnglandAircraft of the 6th Special Operations Squadron including a turboprop C-47 (Basler BT-67) in use by the U.S. Air Force, c. 2005Douglas C-47 lineup at Willow Run, Michigan Airshow, August 2017C-47B Skytrain 43-49942A former USAAF C-47A Skytrain which flew from a base in Devon, England, during the D-Day Normandy invasion and shows \"invasion stripes\" on her wings and fuselageDouglas C-53 Skytrooper, c/n 4935, operated by a skydiving service at Eloy, ArizonaDouglas C-47A Skytrain Old Number 30C-47 Skytrain cockpitDouglas C-47A Skytrain of the Venezuelan Air ForceC-47\nInitial military version of the DC-3 had four crew (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and radio operator) and seats for 27 troops alongside the fuselage interior. \"Aerial Ambulances\" fitted for casualty evacuation could carry 18 stretcher cases and a medical crew of three; 965 built (including 12 for the United States Navy as R4D-1).\nC-47A\nC-47 with a 24-volt electrical system, 5,254 built including USN aircraft designated R4D-5\nRC-47A\nC-47A equipped for photographic reconnaissance and ELINT missions\nSC-47A\nC-47A equipped for Search Air Rescue; redesignated HC-47A in 1962\nVC-47A\nC-47A equipped for VIP transport role\nC-47B\nPowered by R-1830-90 engines with two-speed superchargers (better altitude performance) to cover the China-Burma-India routes, 3,364 built\nVC-47B\nC-47B equipped for VIP transport role\nXC-47C\nC-47 tested with Edo Model 78 floats for possible use as a seaplane[15][16]\nC-47D\nC-47B with second speed (high blower) of engine supercharger disabled or removed after the war\nAC-47D Spooky\nGunship aircraft with three side-firing .30 in (7.62 mm) Minigun machine guns\nEC-47D\nC-47D with equipment for the Electronics Calibration, of which 26 were so converted by Hayes in 1953; prior to 1962 was designated AC-47D\nNC-47D\nC-47D modified for test roles\nRC-47D\nC-47D equipped for photographic reconnaissance and ELINT missions\nSC-47D\nC-47D equipped for Search Air Rescue; redesignated HC-47D in 1962\nVC-47D\nC-47D equipped for VIP transport role\nC-47E\nModified cargo variant with space for 27–28 passengers or 18–24 litters\nC-47F\nYC-129 redesignated, Super DC-3 prototype for evaluation by USAF later passed to USN as XR4D-8\nC-47L/M\nC-47H/Js equipped for the support of American Legation United States Naval Attache (ALUSNA) and Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) missions\nEC-47N/P/Q\nC-47A and D aircraft modified for ELINT/ARDF mission, N and P differ in radio bands covered, while Q replaces analog equipment found on the N and P with a digital suite, redesigned antenna equipment and uprated engines\nC-47R\nOne C-47M modified for high altitude work, specifically for missions in Ecuador\nC-53 Skytrooper\nTroop transport version of the C-47 that lacked the reinforced cargo floor, large cargo door, and hoist attachment of the C-47 Skytrain. It was dedicated for the troop transport role and could carry 28 passengers in fixed metal seats arranged in rows in the former cargo space; 221 built.\nXC-53A Skytrooper\nOne testbed aircraft modified in March 1942 with full-span slotted flaps and hot-air leading edge de-icing. Converted to C-53 standard in 1949 and sold as surplus.\nC-53B Skytrooper\nWinterized and long-range Arctic version of the C-53 with extra fuel tanks in the fuselage and separate navigator's astrodome station for celestial navigation; eight built.\nC-53C Skytrooper\nC-53 with larger port-side access door; 17 built.\nC-53D Skytrooper\nC-53C with 24V DC electrical system and its 28 seats attached to the sides of the fuselage; 159 built.\nC-117A Skytrooper\nC-47B with 24-seat airline-type interior for staff transport use, 16 built.\nVC-117A\nThree redesignated C-117s used in the VIP role\nSC-117A\nOne C-117C converted for air-sea rescue\nC-117B/VC-117B\nHigh-altitude two-speed superchargers replaced by one-speed superchargers, one built and conversions from C-117As all later VC-117B\nC-117D\nUSN/USMC R4D-8 redesignated C-117D in 1962.\nLC-117D\nUSN/USMC R4D-8L redesignated LC-117D in 1962.\nTC-117D\nUSN/USMC R4D-8T redesignated TC-117D in 1962.\nVC-117D\nUSN R4D-8Z redesignated VC-117D in 1962.\nYC-129\nSuper DC-3 prototype for evaluation by USAF redesignated C-47F and later passed to USN as XR4D-8. Wright R-1820 engines uprated to 1425 hp.\nCC-129\nCanadian Forces designation for the C-47 (post-1970)\nXCG-17\nOne C-47 tested as a 40-seat troop glider with engines removed and faired over\nR4D-1 Skytrain\nUSN/USMC version of the C-47\nR4D-3\nTwenty C-53Cs transferred to USN\nR4D-5\nC-47A variant 24-volt electrical system replacing the 12-volt of the C-47; redesignated C-47H in 1962, 238 transferred from USAF\nR4D-5L\nR4D-5 for use in Antarctica. Redesignated LC-47H in 1962. Photos of this type show the removal of underslung engine oil coolers typical of the R-1830 engine installation; apparently not needed in the cold polar regions.\nR4D-5Q\nR4D-5 for use as special ECM trainer. Redesignated EC-47H in 1962\nR4D-5R\nR4D-5 for use as a personnel transport for 21 passengers and as a trainer aircraft; redesignated TC-47H in 1962\nR4D-5S\nR4D-5 for use as a special ASW trainer; redesignated SC-47H in 1962\nR4D-5Z\nR4D-5 for use as a VIP transport; redesignated VC-47H in 1962JMSDF R4D-6QUSN R4D-8 from VR-23 Codfish Airline over Mount Fuji, 1952United States Navy R4D-8R4D-6\n\n157 C-47Bs transferred to USN; redesignated C-47J in 1962R4D-6L, Q, R, S, and Z\nVariants as the R4D-5 series; redesignated LC-47J, EC-47J, TC-47J, SC-47J, and VC-47J respectively in 1962\nR4D-7\n44 TC-47Bs transferred from USAF for use as a navigational trainer; redesignated TC-47K in 1962\nR4D-8\nR4D-5 and R4D-6 remanufactured aircraft with stretched fuselage, Wright R-1820 engines, fitted with modified wings and redesigned tail surfaces; redesignated C-117D in 1962\nR4D-8L\nR4D-8 converted for Antarctic use, redesignated LC-117D in 1962\nR4D-8T\nR4D-8 converted as crew trainers, redesignated TC-117D in 1962\nR4D-8Z\nR4D-8 converted as a staff transport, redesignated VC-117D in 1962\nC-47TP \"Turbo Dak\"\nRefit with two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67R turboprops and fuselage stretch for the South African Air Force\nBasler BT-67\nC-47 conversion with a stretched fuselage, strengthened structure, modern avionics, and powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67R turboprops","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C-47b_dakota_g-ampy_arp.jpg"},{"link_name":"Classic Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Coventry Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Airport"},{"link_name":"Rolls-Royce Dart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Dart"},{"link_name":"BEA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_European_Airways"},{"link_name":"Vickers Viscount","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_Viscount"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"sub_title":"RAF designations","text":"A Dakota IV in RAF Transport Command colors, owned by the Classic Air Force, operating out of Coventry AirportDakota I\nRAF designation for the C-47 and R4D-1.\nDakota II\nRAF designation for nine C-53 Skytroopers received under the lend lease scheme. Unlike the majority of RAF Dakotas, these aircraft were therefore dedicated troop transports, lacking the wide cargo doors and reinforced floor of the C-47.\nDakota III\nRAF designation for the C-47A.\nDakota IV\nRAF designation for the C-47B.\nAirspeed AS.61\nProjected conversion of Dakota I aircraft by Airspeed. None built.\nAirspeed AS.62\nProjected conversion of Dakota II aircraft by Airspeed. None built.\nAirspeed AS.63\nProjected conversion of Dakota III aircraft by Airspeed. None built.\nBEA Pionair/Dart-Dakota\nConversion of Dakota to Rolls-Royce Dart power and used by BEA to prove turboprop engines prior to entry into service of Vickers Viscount.[17]","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Aftermarket conversions","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SAAF_C-47ATP_6840_(5)_(6929086921).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RTAF_Basler_BT-67.JPG"},{"link_name":"List of Douglas C-47 Skytrain operators","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_operators"},{"link_name":"Argentina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Benin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin"},{"link_name":"Biafra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Biafra"},{"link_name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh"},{"link_name":"Bolivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia"},{"link_name":"Brazil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil"},{"link_name":"Burma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar"},{"link_name":"Cambodia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia"},{"link_name":"Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"Chad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad"},{"link_name":"Chile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China"},{"link_name":"Colombia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia"},{"link_name":"Republic of the Congo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo"},{"link_name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo"},{"link_name":"Cuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"},{"link_name":"Czechoslovakia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia"},{"link_name":"Denmark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador"},{"link_name":"Egypt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt"},{"link_name":"El Salvador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador"},{"link_name":"Ethiopia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia"},{"link_name":"Finland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland"},{"link_name":"France","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Gabon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon"},{"link_name":"Greece","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece"},{"link_name":"Guatemala","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala"},{"link_name":"Haiti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti"},{"link_name":"Honduras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras"},{"link_name":"Hungary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary"},{"link_name":"Iceland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland"},{"link_name":"India","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India"},{"link_name":"Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"},{"link_name":"Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran"},{"link_name":"Israel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"},{"link_name":"Italy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Ivory Coast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast"},{"link_name":"Jordan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan"},{"link_name":"Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"},{"link_name":"Kenya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya"},{"link_name":"Laos","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos"},{"link_name":"Libya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya"},{"link_name":"Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar"},{"link_name":"Malawi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi"},{"link_name":"Mali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali"},{"link_name":"Mauritania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania"},{"link_name":"Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"},{"link_name":"Monaco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco"},{"link_name":"Morocco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"New Zealand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand"},{"link_name":"Nicaragua","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua"},{"link_name":"Niger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger"},{"link_name":"Nigeria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"},{"link_name":"Northern Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trade-20"},{"link_name":"Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway"},{"link_name":"Oman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman"},{"link_name":"Pakistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan"},{"link_name":"Panama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama"},{"link_name":"Papua New Guinea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea"},{"link_name":"Paraguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay"},{"link_name":"Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru"},{"link_name":"Philippines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Portugal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal"},{"link_name":"Rhodesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodesia"},{"link_name":"Romania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania"},{"link_name":"Rwanda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda"},{"link_name":"Saudi Arabia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia"},{"link_name":"Senegal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal"},{"link_name":"South Africa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"South Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea"},{"link_name":"South Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam"},{"link_name":"Somalia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Lisunov Li-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisunov_Li-2"},{"link_name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka"},{"link_name":"Spain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"},{"link_name":"Sweden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden"},{"link_name":"Singapore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore"},{"link_name":"Syria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Taiwan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan"},{"link_name":"Tanzania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania"},{"link_name":"Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand"},{"link_name":"Togo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo"},{"link_name":"Turkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey"},{"link_name":"Uganda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda"},{"link_name":"Uruguay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Venezuela","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela"},{"link_name":"Vietnam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam"},{"link_name":"West Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany"},{"link_name":"Yemen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen"},{"link_name":"Yugoslavia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia"},{"link_name":"Zaire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaire"},{"link_name":"Zambia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-trade-20"}],"text":"South African Air Force C-47TP \"Turbo Dak\"A Royal Thai Air Force Basler BT-67 (C-47 conversion with Pratt & Whitney turboprops and stretched fuselage)See also: List of Douglas C-47 Skytrain operatorsArgentina\n Australia\n Belgium\n Benin\n Biafra\n Bangladesh\n Bolivia\n Brazil\n Burma\n Cambodia\n Canada[18]\n Chad\n Chile\n China\n Colombia\n Republic of the Congo\n Democratic Republic of the Congo\n Cuba\n Czechoslovakia\n Denmark\n Dominican Republic\n Ecuador\n Egypt\n El Salvador\n Ethiopia\n Finland\n France\n Gabon\n Greece\n Guatemala\n Haiti\n Honduras\n Hungary\n Iceland\n India\n Indonesia\n Iran\n Israel\n Italy\n Ivory Coast\n Jordan\n Japan\n Kenya\n Laos\n Libya\n Madagascar\n Malawi\n Mali\n Mauritania\n Mexico\n Monaco\n Morocco\n Netherlands\n New Zealand\n Nicaragua\n Niger\n Nigeria\n Northern Rhodesia[19]\n Norway\n Oman\n Pakistan\n Panama\n Papua New Guinea\n Paraguay\n Peru\n Philippines\n Poland\n Portugal\n Rhodesia\n Romania\n Rwanda\n Saudi Arabia\n Senegal\n South Africa\n South Korea\n South Vietnam\n Somalia\n Soviet Union (also as Lisunov Li-2)\n Sri Lanka\n Spain\n Sweden\n Singapore\n Syria\n Taiwan\n Tanzania\n Thailand\n Togo\n Turkey\n Uganda\n Uruguay\n United Kingdom\n United States\n Venezuela\n Vietnam\n West Germany\n Yemen\n Yugoslavia\n Zaire\n Zambia[19]","title":"Operators"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_DC-3"}],"text":"Further information: List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3","title":"Accidents and incidents"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"warbirds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warbird"},{"link_name":"D-Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Day"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Normandy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Large numbers of C-47s, C-117s and other variants survive, on display in museums or as monuments; operated as warbirds; or remaining in service.As part of the D-Day 75th-anniversary commemoration in June 2019, 14 American C-47s (including That's All, Brother, Betsy's Biscuit Bomber, Miss Montana, Spirit of Benovia, D-Day Doll, Boogie Baby, N47E Miss Virginia, and Whiskey 7[20]) Another group of 'Daks' from Europe retraced the route across the English Channel to Normandy taken by roughly 850 of these aircraft on D-Day.[21][22]","title":"Surviving aircraft"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_3-view_line_drawing.gif"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Francillon-24"},{"link_name":"Airfoil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil"},{"link_name":"NACA 2215","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NACA_airfoil"},{"link_name":"NACA 2206","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NACA_airfoil"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Selig-25"},{"link_name":"Pratt & Whitney R-1830-90C Twin Wasp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830-90C_Twin_Wasp"},{"link_name":"Power/mass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio"}],"text":"Douglas C-47 Skytrain 3-view drawingData from McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I[23]General characteristicsCrew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, radio operator)\nCapacity: 28 troops or 6,000 lb (2.72 t) of cargo\nLength: 63 ft 9 in (19.43 m)\nWingspan: 95 ft 6 in (29.11 m)\nHeight: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)\nWing area: 987 sq ft (91.7 m2)\nAirfoil: root: NACA 2215; tip: NACA 2206[24]\nEmpty weight: 18,135 lb (8,226 kg)\nGross weight: 26,000 lb (11,793 kg)\nMax takeoff weight: 31,000 lb (14,061 kg)\nPowerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-1830-90C Twin Wasp 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each\nPropellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellersPerformanceMaximum speed: 224 mph (360 km/h, 195 kn) at 10,000 ft (3,000 m)\nRange: 1,600 mi (2,600 km, 1,400 nmi)\nFerry range: 3,600 mi (5,800 km, 3,100 nmi)\nService ceiling: 26,400 ft (8,000 m)\nTime to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 9 minutes 30 seconds\nWing loading: 26.3 lb/sq ft (128 kg/m2)\nPower/mass: 0.0926 hp/lb (0.1522 kW/kg)","title":"Specifications (C-47B-DK)"}]
|
[{"image_text":"U.S. Navy C-117Ds at RAF Mildenhall in 1967","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/C-117D_Super_Dakotas_US_Navy_1967.jpg/220px-C-117D_Super_Dakotas_US_Navy_1967.jpg"},{"image_text":"U.S. Army Pathfinders and USAAF flight crew prior to D-Day, June 1944, in front of a C-47 Skytrain at RAF North Witham","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/US_Army_Pathfinders_June_1944.jpg/220px-US_Army_Pathfinders_June_1944.jpg"},{"image_text":"C-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport during the Berlin Airlift","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/C-47s_at_Tempelhof_Airport_Berlin_1948.jpg/220px-C-47s_at_Tempelhof_Airport_Berlin_1948.jpg"},{"image_text":"TC-47D at McChord AFB","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/TC-47D_SN_44-76502.jpg/220px-TC-47D_SN_44-76502.jpg"},{"image_text":"C-47 in RCAF livery, still flying today. Operated by the RAF in England during WWII. FZ692 participated in two major airborne operations, Normandy and the Rhine Crossing.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/C-47_in_RCAF_in_livery._Operated_by_the_RAF_in_England_during_WWII_..jpg/220px-C-47_in_RCAF_in_livery._Operated_by_the_RAF_in_England_during_WWII_..jpg"},{"image_text":"Paratroop C-47, 12th Air Force Troop Carrier Wing, invasion of southern France, August 15, 1944","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Two_USAAF_C-47A_Skytrains.jpg/220px-Two_USAAF_C-47A_Skytrains.jpg"},{"image_text":"Interior view of Douglas C-47, Hendon Aerodrome, England","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/C-47inside.jpg/220px-C-47inside.jpg"},{"image_text":"Aircraft of the 6th Special Operations Squadron including a turboprop C-47 (Basler BT-67) in use by the U.S. Air Force, c. 2005","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/6th_Special_Operations_Squadron_and_aircraft.jpg/220px-6th_Special_Operations_Squadron_and_aircraft.jpg"},{"image_text":"Douglas C-47 lineup at Willow Run, Michigan Airshow, August 2017","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Douglas_C-47%27s.jpg/220px-Douglas_C-47%27s.jpg"},{"image_text":"C-47B Skytrain 43-49942","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/C-47B_Skytrain_-serial_43-49942_Bluebonnet_Belle-26Oct2008.jpg/220px-C-47B_Skytrain_-serial_43-49942_Bluebonnet_Belle-26Oct2008.jpg"},{"image_text":"A former USAAF C-47A Skytrain which flew from a base in Devon, England, during the D-Day Normandy invasion and shows \"invasion stripes\" on her wings and fuselage","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Douglas_c47-a_skytrain_n1944a_cotswoldairshow_2010_arp.jpg/220px-Douglas_c47-a_skytrain_n1944a_cotswoldairshow_2010_arp.jpg"},{"image_text":"Douglas C-53 Skytrooper, c/n 4935, operated by a skydiving service at Eloy, Arizona","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Douglas_C-53_%27N86584%27_%2813956017704%29.jpg/220px-Douglas_C-53_%27N86584%27_%2813956017704%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Douglas C-47A Skytrain Old Number 30","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_Dakota_%E2%80%9COld_Number_30%E2%80%9D-1.jpg/220px-Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_Dakota_%E2%80%9COld_Number_30%E2%80%9D-1.jpg"},{"image_text":"C-47 Skytrain cockpit","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_Dakota_%E2%80%9COld_Number_30%E2%80%9D-3.jpg/220px-Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_Dakota_%E2%80%9COld_Number_30%E2%80%9D-3.jpg"},{"image_text":"Douglas C-47A Skytrain of the Venezuelan Air Force","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DOUGLAS_C-47A_-_SKYTRAIN.jpg/220px-DOUGLAS_C-47A_-_SKYTRAIN.jpg"},{"image_text":"JMSDF R4D-6Q","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/JMSDF_R4D-6Q%289023%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Naval_Air_Base_Museum_April_29%2C_2017_02.jpg/220px-JMSDF_R4D-6Q%289023%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Naval_Air_Base_Museum_April_29%2C_2017_02.jpg"},{"image_text":"USN R4D-8 from VR-23 Codfish Airline over Mount Fuji, 1952","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/R4D-8_VR-23_over_Mt_Fuji_1952.jpg/220px-R4D-8_VR-23_over_Mt_Fuji_1952.jpg"},{"image_text":"United States Navy R4D-8","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Douglas_R4D-8.jpg/220px-Douglas_R4D-8.jpg"},{"image_text":"A Dakota IV in RAF Transport Command colors, owned by the Classic Air Force, operating out of Coventry Airport","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/C-47b_dakota_g-ampy_arp.jpg/220px-C-47b_dakota_g-ampy_arp.jpg"},{"image_text":"South African Air Force C-47TP \"Turbo Dak\"","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/SAAF_C-47ATP_6840_%285%29_%286929086921%29.jpg/220px-SAAF_C-47ATP_6840_%285%29_%286929086921%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"A Royal Thai Air Force Basler BT-67 (C-47 conversion with Pratt & Whitney turboprops and stretched fuselage)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/RTAF_Basler_BT-67.JPG/220px-RTAF_Basler_BT-67.JPG"},{"image_text":"Douglas C-47 Skytrain 3-view drawing","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_3-view_line_drawing.gif/220px-Douglas_C-47_Skytrain_3-view_line_drawing.gif"}]
|
[{"title":"Aviation portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation"},{"title":"Basler BT-67","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basler_BT-67"},{"title":"Conroy Turbo-Three","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conroy_Turbo-Three"},{"title":"Douglas AC-47 Spooky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky"},{"title":"Douglas DC-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-3"},{"title":"Douglas XCG-17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_XCG-17"},{"title":"Lisunov Li-2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisunov_Li-2"},{"title":"Showa/Nakajima L2D","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Showa/Nakajima_L2D"},{"title":"Curtiss C-46 Commando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando"},{"title":"Junkers Ju 52/3m","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52"},{"title":"List of aircraft of World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II"},{"title":"List of military aircraft of the United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States"},{"title":"List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_aircraft_designations_(pre-1962)"},{"title":"List of non-carrier aircraft flown from aircraft carriers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_non-carrier_aircraft_flown_from_aircraft_carriers"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"1952 | 3204 | Flight Archive\". Flightglobal.com. 1951-08-15. Archived from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2018-06-27.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%203204.html","url_text":"\"1952 | 3204 | Flight Archive\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053207/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1952/1952%20-%203204.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Trade Registers\". Armstrade.sipri.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-29. Retrieved 2013-06-20.","urls":[{"url":"http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php","url_text":"\"Trade Registers\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171229003804/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"The Mighty Fifteen—The American Contingent Flying to Normandy\". The D-Day Squadron. DC-3 Society. Archived from the original on 2019-11-30. Retrieved January 7, 2021. See archive link for aircraft photos.","urls":[{"url":"https://ddaysquadron.org/the-mighty-fifteen-the-american-contingent-flying-to-normandy/","url_text":"\"The Mighty Fifteen—The American Contingent Flying to Normandy\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191130021736/https://ddaysquadron.org/american-contingent/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Miss Montana – Miss Montana to Normandy\". Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://missmontanatonormandy.com/miss-montana-2/","url_text":"\"Miss Montana – Miss Montana to Normandy\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201212234013/https://missmontanatonormandy.com/miss-montana-2/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Golds, Alan (2 June 2019). \"A World War II-era veteran returns to the air\". www.cbsnews.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/d-day-75th-anniversary-miss-montana-flight-to-normandy/","url_text":"\"A World War II-era veteran returns to the air\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190609014841/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/d-day-75th-anniversary-miss-montana-flight-to-normandy/","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Francillon, René J. (1988). McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. pp. 217–251. ISBN 0870214284.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870214284","url_text":"0870214284"}]},{"reference":"Lednicer, David. \"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html","url_text":"\"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190326174850/https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Anderson, C. E. \"Bud\" (December 1981 – March 1982). \"Caught by the Wing-tip\". Air Enthusiast. No. 17. pp. 74–80. ISSN 0143-5450.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Enthusiast","url_text":"Air Enthusiast"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450","url_text":"0143-5450"}]},{"reference":"De Vink, Hervé (August 1976). \"Adieu au \"Dakota\" de la Force aérienne belge\" [Farewell to the Dakotas of the Belgian Air Force]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (81): 17–19. ISSN 0757-4169.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0757-4169","url_text":"0757-4169"}]},{"reference":"\"Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation\". Air Enthusiast Quarterly (2): 154–162. n.d. ISSN 0143-5450.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450","url_text":"0143-5450"}]},{"reference":"Serrano, José Luis González (March–April 1999). \"Fifty Years of DC Service: Douglas Transports Used by the Spanish Air Force\". Air Enthusiast (80): 61–71. ISSN 0143-5450.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450","url_text":"0143-5450"}]},{"reference":"Widfeldt, Bo (April–July 1980). \"\"Operation Ball\": USAAF Operations in Sweden 1944–45\". Air Enthusiast. No. 12. pp. 51–53. ISSN 0143-5450.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Enthusiast","url_text":"Air Enthusiast"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450","url_text":"0143-5450"}]},{"reference":"\"Our Tow Ships\". National WWII Glider Pilots Association, Inc. 09 July 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ww2gp.org/OurTowShips/index.php","url_text":"\"Our Tow Ships\""}]}]
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No. 01-40NC-1 Pilot's Flight Operating Instructions C-47 Airplane"},{"Link":"http://www.ww2gp.org/OurTowShips/index.php","external_links_name":"\"Our Tow Ships\""},{"Link":"https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/48136","external_links_name":"Pilot training manual for the C-47"},{"Link":"https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/","external_links_name":"The Museum of Flight Digital Collections"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boswell_(clergyman)
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John Boswell (clergyman)
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["1 Life","2 Works","3 Notes","4 References","5 External links"]
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English Anglican clergyman and writer (1698–1757)
John Boswell (23 January 1698 – June 1757) was an English writer and clergyman in the Church of England. Boswell's writings, including a two-volume response to John Jones's 1749 Free and Candid Disquisitions, were staunchly Tory and high church works. Boswell was assigned as the vicar of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, and as prebendary at Wells Cathedral.
Life
Tower of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, where Boswell was vicar
John Boswell was born on 23 January 1698 in Dorchester to John Boswell of Puddletown, part of a Gloucestershire family. After attending school at Abbey Milton under George Marsh, Boswell matriculated into Brasenose College at the University of Oxford on 16 July 1715. Before Boswell graduated with a BA in 1720, he migrated to Balliol College and was Lord Kinnaird's tutor. He or another John Boswell was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 29 May 1719. Ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in Oxford, Boswell was then ordained as a priest at Wells Cathedral. In 1727, Boswell was assigned as vicar of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton. He attained a MA from King's College of the University of Cambridge in 1732. In 1736, he became a prebendary of Wells Cathedral. The 2004 article on Boswell in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography stated that he remained unmarried his entire life. However, a 1908 history of Boswell's Taunton parish described him as married to Sarah Mallock, the daughter-in-law of the "staunch Dissenter" John Mallock.
Published in two volumes between 1738 and 1743, Boswell's A Method of Study is among his works which reflect his strong Tory and high church attitudes. In 1750, Boswell published a critical response to John Jones's 1749 Free and Candid Disquisitions. Jones's work had called for substantial reforms to the Church of England, particularly with the intent of comprehending Dissenters. Boswell's response opposed such reforms, offering praise for the Book of Common Prayer as adjacent to early Christian liturgical practices and defending its obligation that the Athanasian Creed be regularly recited. Boswell also approved of the Test Acts, which legally mandated clerical subscription to the doctrines of the Thirty-nine Articles. Boswell wrote a second response in 1751, replying to two works written to defend Jones from Boswell's criticisms: Francis Blackburne's An Apology for the Authors of Free and Candid Disquisitions and the anonymous, two-volume An Appeal to Common Reason and Candor.
Boswell wrote the two-volume The Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour to defend Charles I, who was popularly celebrated by Boswell's contemporary, likeminded Anglicans. The works were specifically in reply to criticisms of Charles in George Coades's 1764 A Letter to a Clergyman Relating to his Sermon on 30 January and Thomas Birch's 1747 Enquiry. Boswell's defence of Charles largely borrowed from Thomas Carte's 1736 Life of James, Duke of Ormonde. The text countered Whigs claims that the Charles was a tyrant, particularly with regards to his negotiations with Irish Catholics. The volumes were published posthumously in 1758.
Boswell served as vicar at Taunton until 1756 and died in June 1757. He was interred at St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, with an inscription in the church commemorating him.
Works
The Privileges of the Restauration in Church and State: A Sermon Preach'd before the Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Taunton, on Friday, May 29, 1730. Exeter: E. Farley. 1730. On the English Civil War and the Stuart Restoration.
A Method of Study; Or, an Useful Library. London. 1738. Recommendations "to assist the poor Clergyman in his studies, and to encourage the young Gentleman to look into books".
Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England In some letters to a worthy dignitary of the Church of Wells. Vol. I. London. 1750. A critical response to Free and Candid Disquisitions.
Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England. Vol. II. 1751.
The Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour; or, an Answer to Some Libels Lately Published In Prejudice to the Memory of that Unfortunate Prince. Vol. I & II. London: J. Richardson. 1758. A defence of King Charles I.
Notes
^ Sometimes spelt Bozwel. The date was of Boswell's death was initially inaccurately given as in 1756 within the 1886-published entry on him in the Dictionary of National Biography.
^ The full titles of Boswell's 1750–1751 replies to Jones and his defenders were Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England and Remarks upon a treatise, intituled, Free and candid disquisitions. Part the Second.
^ Comprehension refers to affording latitude within the Church of England that allows Dissenters to remain practicing members within it.
References
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sharp, Richard (2004). "Boswell , John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14111. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Sutton, Charles William (1904) . "Boswell, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press – via Wikisource.
^ a b c Venn, John Archibald (2011) . Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 184. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139093897.004.
^ a b The Church of St. Mary Magdalene Taunton, 1508–1908. E. Goodman & Son. 1908. p. 41.
^ a b Hatchett, Marion J. (182). The Making of the First American Book of Common Prayer. New York City: Seabury Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-8164-0512-3.
^ Stephens, John (3 January 2008). "Jones, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15029. Retrieved 20 January 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Healy, Jonathan (2023). The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603–1689. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 327. ISBN 9780593318355. LCCN 2022038721.
^ a b Anderson, James (1913). "XII. Historians: Bibliography". In Ward, A. W.; Waller, A. R. (eds.). The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. Vol. X: Age of Johnson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press – via Bartleby.com.
External links
Bundle of deeds for various lands in Taunton St Mary and Taunton St James, a South West Heritage Trust holding which includes a lease by Boswell to a local woman for a garden in the churchyard of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton
Portals: Biography Books Christianity England History
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
United States
Other
IdRef
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[note 1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Church of England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England"},{"link_name":"John Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jones_(controversialist)"},{"link_name":"Free and Candid Disquisitions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_Candid_Disquisitions"},{"link_name":"Tory","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tory"},{"link_name":"high church","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_church"},{"link_name":"vicar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicar_(Anglicanism)"},{"link_name":"St Mary Magdalene, Taunton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taunton_Minster"},{"link_name":"prebendary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prebendary"},{"link_name":"Wells Cathedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Cathedral"}],"text":"English Anglican clergyman and writer (1698–1757)John Boswell[note 1] (23 January 1698 – June 1757) was an English writer and clergyman in the Church of England. 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After attending school at Abbey Milton under George Marsh, Boswell matriculated into Brasenose College at the University of Oxford on 16 July 1715.[1][3] Before Boswell graduated with a BA in 1720, he migrated to Balliol College and was Lord Kinnaird's tutor.[1] He or another John Boswell was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 29 May 1719.[3] Ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in Oxford, Boswell was then ordained as a priest at Wells Cathedral. In 1727, Boswell was assigned as vicar of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton.[1] He attained a MA from King's College of the University of Cambridge in 1732.[3] In 1736, he became a prebendary of Wells Cathedral. The 2004 article on Boswell in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography stated that he remained unmarried his entire life.[1] However, a 1908 history of Boswell's Taunton parish described him as married to Sarah Mallock, the daughter-in-law of the \"staunch Dissenter\" John Mallock.[4]Published in two volumes between 1738 and 1743, Boswell's A Method of Study is among his works which reflect his strong Tory and high church attitudes.[1] In 1750, Boswell published a critical response to John Jones's 1749 Free and Candid Disquisitions.[note 2] Jones's work had called for substantial reforms to the Church of England, particularly with the intent of comprehending Dissenters.[6][note 3] Boswell's response opposed such reforms, offering praise for the Book of Common Prayer as adjacent to early Christian liturgical practices and defending its obligation that the Athanasian Creed be regularly recited. Boswell also approved of the Test Acts, which legally mandated clerical subscription to the doctrines of the Thirty-nine Articles.[1] Boswell wrote a second response in 1751, replying to two works written to defend Jones from Boswell's criticisms: Francis Blackburne's An Apology for the Authors of Free and Candid Disquisitions and the anonymous, two-volume An Appeal to Common Reason and Candor.[5]Boswell wrote the two-volume The Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour to defend Charles I, who was popularly celebrated by Boswell's contemporary, likeminded Anglicans. The works were specifically in reply to criticisms of Charles in George Coades's 1764 A Letter to a Clergyman Relating to his Sermon on 30 January and Thomas Birch's 1747 Enquiry.[1][8] Boswell's defence of Charles largely borrowed from Thomas Carte's 1736 Life of James, Duke of Ormonde. The text countered Whigs claims that the Charles was a tyrant, particularly with regards to his negotiations with Irish Catholics. The volumes were published posthumously in 1758.[1]Boswell served as vicar at Taunton until 1756 and died in June 1757. He was interred at St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, with an inscription in the church commemorating him.[4][1]","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Privileges of the Restauration in Church and State: A Sermon Preach'd before the Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Taunton, on Friday, May 29, 1730","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=rprQ4Oe2oBMC"},{"link_name":"Exeter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter"},{"link_name":"English Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Stuart Restoration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Restoration"},{"link_name":"A Method of Study; Or, an Useful Library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=N6kPMwEACAAJ"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JB-1"},{"link_name":"Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England In some letters to a worthy dignitary of the Church of Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=KbFVAAAAcAAJ"},{"link_name":"Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=Fo5JAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitled+free+and+candid+disquisitions&pg=RA1-PA1"},{"link_name":"The Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour; or, an Answer to Some Libels Lately Published In Prejudice to the Memory of that Unfortunate Prince","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=XV8S7qdPxRsC"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-WardRayney-11"}],"text":"The Privileges of the Restauration in Church and State: A Sermon Preach'd before the Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Taunton, on Friday, May 29, 1730. Exeter: E. Farley. 1730. On the English Civil War and the Stuart Restoration.\nA Method of Study; Or, an Useful Library. London. 1738. Recommendations \"to assist the poor Clergyman in his studies, and to encourage the young Gentleman to look into books\".[1]\nRemarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England In some letters to a worthy dignitary of the Church of Wells. Vol. I. London. 1750. A critical response to Free and Candid Disquisitions.\nRemarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England. Vol. II. 1751.\nThe Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour; or, an Answer to Some Libels Lately Published In Prejudice to the Memory of that Unfortunate Prince. Vol. I & II. London: J. Richardson. 1758.[8] A defence of King Charles I.","title":"Works"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JB-1"},{"link_name":"Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hatchett-6"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"Comprehension","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Comprehension"},{"link_name":"latitude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitudinarian"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"^ Sometimes spelt Bozwel.[1] The date was of Boswell's death was initially inaccurately given as in 1756 within the 1886-published entry on him in the Dictionary of National Biography.[2]\n\n^ The full titles of Boswell's 1750–1751 replies to Jones and his defenders were Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England and Remarks upon a treatise, intituled, Free and candid disquisitions. Part the Second.[5]\n\n^ Comprehension refers to affording latitude within the Church of England that allows Dissenters to remain practicing members within it.[7]","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Tower of St Mary Magdalene, Taunton, where Boswell was vicar","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Taunton_St_Mary_Magdalene-Tower.jpg/130px-Taunton_St_Mary_Magdalene-Tower.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"The Privileges of the Restauration in Church and State: A Sermon Preach'd before the Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Taunton, on Friday, May 29, 1730. Exeter: E. Farley. 1730.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=rprQ4Oe2oBMC","url_text":"The Privileges of the Restauration in Church and State: A Sermon Preach'd before the Worshipful the Mayor and Corporation of Taunton, on Friday, May 29, 1730"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter","url_text":"Exeter"}]},{"reference":"A Method of Study; Or, an Useful Library. London. 1738.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=N6kPMwEACAAJ","url_text":"A Method of Study; Or, an Useful Library"}]},{"reference":"Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England In some letters to a worthy dignitary of the Church of Wells. Vol. I. London. 1750.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=KbFVAAAAcAAJ","url_text":"Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England In some letters to a worthy dignitary of the Church of Wells"}]},{"reference":"Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England. Vol. II. 1751.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo5JAAAAYAAJ&dq=intitled+free+and+candid+disquisitions&pg=RA1-PA1","url_text":"Remarks upon a treatise, intituled Free and candid disquisitions relating to the Church of England"}]},{"reference":"The Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour; or, an Answer to Some Libels Lately Published In Prejudice to the Memory of that Unfortunate Prince. Vol. I & II. London: J. Richardson. 1758.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=XV8S7qdPxRsC","url_text":"The Case of the Royal Martyr Considered with Candour; or, an Answer to Some Libels Lately Published In Prejudice to the Memory of that Unfortunate Prince"}]},{"reference":"Sharp, Richard (2004). \"Boswell [Bozwel], John\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14111.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F14111","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/14111"}]},{"reference":"Sutton, Charles William (1904) [1886]. \"Boswell, John\" . Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press – via Wikisource.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_William_Sutton","url_text":"Sutton, Charles William"},{"url":"https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Boswell,_John","url_text":"\"Boswell, John\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press","url_text":"Oxford University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource","url_text":"Wikisource"}]},{"reference":"Venn, John Archibald (2011) [1922]. Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900. Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 184. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139093897.004.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Archibald_Venn","url_text":"Venn, John Archibald"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumni_Cantabrigienses","url_text":"Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge","url_text":"Cambridge"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press","url_text":"Cambridge University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139093897.004","url_text":"10.1017/CBO9781139093897.004"}]},{"reference":"The Church of St. Mary Magdalene Taunton, 1508–1908. E. Goodman & Son. 1908. p. 41.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Hatchett, Marion J. (182). The Making of the First American Book of Common Prayer. New York City: Seabury Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-8164-0512-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_J._Hatchett","url_text":"Hatchett, Marion J."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8164-0512-3","url_text":"0-8164-0512-3"}]},{"reference":"Stephens, John (3 January 2008). \"Jones, John\". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15029. Retrieved 20 January 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-15029","url_text":"\"Jones, John\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography","url_text":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F15029","url_text":"10.1093/ref:odnb/15029"}]},{"reference":"Healy, Jonathan (2023). The Blazing World: A New History of Revolutionary England, 1603–1689. New York City: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 327. ISBN 9780593318355. LCCN 2022038721.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf","url_text":"Alfred A. Knopf"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780593318355","url_text":"9780593318355"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)","url_text":"LCCN"},{"url":"https://lccn.loc.gov/2022038721","url_text":"2022038721"}]},{"reference":"Anderson, James (1913). \"XII. Historians: Bibliography\". In Ward, A. W.; Waller, A. R. (eds.). The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. Vol. X: Age of Johnson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press – via Bartleby.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/volume-x-english-the-age-of-johnson/bibliography-173/","url_text":"\"XII. Historians: Bibliography\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphus_William_Ward","url_text":"Ward, A. W."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Rayney_Waller","url_text":"Waller, A. R."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_English_and_American_Literature","url_text":"The Cambridge History of English and American Literature"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge","url_text":"Cambridge"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press","url_text":"Cambridge University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartleby.com","url_text":"Bartleby.com"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vance_AFB
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Vance Air Force Base
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["1 History","1.1 World War II","1.2 Cold War","1.3 Post Cold War","1.4 Major Commands","1.5 Base operating units","1.6 Major units assigned","2 Mission","3 Based units","3.1 United States Air Force","4 See also","5 References","6 Other sources","7 External links"]
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Coordinates: 36°20′21″N 97°54′59″W / 36.33917°N 97.91639°W / 36.33917; -97.91639US Air Force base in Garfield County, Oklahoma
Vance Air Force BaseNear Enid, Oklahoma in the United States of AmericaT-38C Talons at Vance Air Force Base.Vance AFBShow map of North AmericaVance AFBShow map of the United StatesVance AFBShow map of OklahomaCoordinates36°20′21″N 97°54′59″W / 36.33917°N 97.91639°W / 36.33917; -97.91639TypeU.S. Air Force BaseSite informationOwnerDepartment of DefenseOperatorU.S. Air ForceControlled byAir Education and Training Command (AETC)ConditionOperationalWebsitewww.vance.af.miSite historyBuilt1941 (1941)In use1941 – presentGarrison informationCurrentcommanderColonel Charles D. Throckmorton IVGarrison71st Flying Training Wing (Host)Airfield informationIdentifiersIATA: END, ICAO: KEND, FAA LID: END, WMO: 723535Elevation398.3 metres (1,307 ft) AMSL
Runways
Direction
Length and surface
17R/35L
2,809.3 metres (9,217 ft) Porous European Mix
17C/35C
2,809.3 metres (9,217 ft) Porous European Mix
17L/35R
1,531.3 metres (5,024 ft) Concrete
Source: Federal Aviation Administration
Vance Air Force Base (IATA: END, ICAO: KEND, FAA LID: END) is a United States Air Force base located in southern Enid, Oklahoma, about 65 mi (105 km) north northwest of Oklahoma City. The base is named after local World War II hero and Medal of Honor recipient, Lieutenant Colonel Leon Robert Vance Jr.
The host unit at Vance is the 71st Flying Training Wing (71 FTW), which is a part of Air Education and Training Command (AETC). The commander of the 71 FTW is Colonel Charles D. Throckmorton IV. The vice-commander is Colonel Charles Schuck and the command chief is Chief Master Sergeant Brandon Smith.
History
World War II
Lieutenant Colonel Leon Vance, Medal of Honor recipient.
Construction began on 12 July 1941 for a cost of $4,034,583. United States Army Air Corps project officer, Major Henry W. Dorr supervised the construction and developed the basic pilot training base. In 1941, for the sum of $1 a year, this land was leased from the city of Enid to the federal government as a site for a pilot training field, and on November 21 the base was officially activated. The installation was without a name, but was generally referred to as Air Corps Basic Flying School. The mission of the school was to train aviation cadets to become aircraft pilots and commissioned officers in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).
The facility was assigned to the USAAF Gulf Coast Training Center, with the Army Air Force Pilot School (Primary) activated (phase 1 pilot training), in which flight cadets were taught basic flight using two-seater training aircraft. Fairchild PT-19s were the primary trainer used.
It was not until 1942 that the base was officially named Enid Army Flying School, also known as Woodring Field. It was officially activated on 11 February 1942. On 8 January 1943, the War Department constituted and activated the 31st Flying Training Wing (Primary) at Enid and assigned it to the USAAF Central Flying Training Command. For the duration of the war, the basic phase of training graduated 8,169 students, while the advanced phase of training graduated 826.
As the demand for pilots decreased with the end of the war in Europe, the Enid Army Flying Field began ramping down pilot production and deactivated on 31 January 1947, by which time 9,895 USAAF pilots had earned wings there. In 1946, Alva, Oklahoma native Floyd E. Welsh, the War Surplus Property Officer in Washington, D.C., had pigeonholed the Enid AAF folder when it crossed his desk for disposal action. Two years later the Soviet Union blockaded Berlin, Germany, and U.S. president Harry S. Truman ordered an airlift to resupply the city. The United States Air Force (USAF), realizing a need for training facilities, asked Welsh if any World War II airfields remained in inventory. He exhumed the Enid AAF folder, and the base was reactivated on August 1, 1948, as Enid Air Force Base.
Cold War
Reactivated as Enid Air Force Base, the installation became one of several pilot training bases within the Air Training Command (ATC). Its initial mission was to provide training for advanced students in multi-engine aircraft. On July 9, 1949, in keeping with the USAF tradition of naming bases for deceased flyers, the base was renamed for Lieutenant Colonel Leon Robert Vance Jr., USAAF, an Enid native who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II.
T-37s at Vance Air Force Base in 1971.
The first aircraft flown at Vance when it was still Enid AAF was the BT-13A, followed shortly by the BT-15. In 1944, advanced students flew the TB-25 and TB-26. Following the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate service in September 1947, Enid AFB-turned-Vance AFB began conducting training in the AT-6 Texan and eventually the T-33 Shooting Star. The T-37 Tweet first flew at Vance AFB beginning in 1961, and the T-38 Talon in 1963 as the USAF transitioned to its Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) system.
Post Cold War
In 1995 USAF officials announced that Vance would transition to the Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training curriculum. Under SUPT, Vance students begin their training in the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II, followed by the T-1A Jayhawk for students identified for jet tanker, transport or large reconnaissance aircraft, and the T-38 Talon for fighter, bomber and other USAF fixed-wing aircraft. T-38A Talons of the 25th FTS at Vance AFB in November 1997.
With the introduction of the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) to Vance in 2005, the 71 FTW began transitioning from the T-37 to the newer T-6 Texan II. Joint training with the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) began at Vance in 1996, with select USN and USMC strike jet student naval aviators obtaining all training at Vance in the T-37 and T-38 except for carrier qualification, which they subsequently complete in the T-45 Goshawk at Naval Air Station Meridian, Mississippi or NAS Kingsville, Texas. A number of senior naval aviators in the rank of commander have also served as squadron commander in the 71 FTW. Today, student naval aviators only undergo primary T-6 training at Vance, transitioning to USN/USMC strike jet pipeline, the USN/USMC/United States Coast Guard (USCG) multi-engine maritime pipeline, or the USN/USMC/USCG rotary-wing and tilt-rotor pipeline at respective naval air stations in Florida, Texas or Mississippi.
All students practice basic patterns and landings at Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Field located near Cherokee, Oklahoma. Vance is considered the second busiest RAPCON facility in the United States, behind Nellis AFB. Nellis AFB is open 24 hours, but Vance AFB has more traffic per hour.
Major Commands
Gulf Coast Training Center (Air Corps), December 18, 1941 – January 23, 1942
Air Corps Flying Training Comd, January 23, 1942 – March 15, 1942
AAF Flying Training Comd, March 15, 1942 – July 31, 1943
Army Air Forces Training Command, July 31, 1943 – July 1, 1946
Air Training Command, July 1, 1946 – July 1, 1993
Air Education and Training Command, July 2, 1993 – present
Base operating units
80th Air Base Sq, November 29, 1941 – June 13, 1942
80th Base HQ and Air Base Sq, June 13, 1942 – May 1, 1944
2518th AAF Base Unit (Pilot School, Basic), May 1, 1944 – February 4, 1945
2518th AAF Base Unit , February 4, 1945 – September 26, 1947
2518th AF Base Unit, September 26, 1947 – August 26, 1948
3575th Air Base Gp, August 26, 1948 – November 1, 1972
71st Air Base Gp, November 1, 1972 – present
Aircraft of the 71st Flying Training Wing. From left: A T-38 Talon, T-6A Texan II, and a T-1 Jayhawk are posed in front of the base control tower on the Vance flightline.
Major units assigned
60th Air Base Group November 29, 1941 – December 20, 1942
31st Flight Training Wing January 16, 1943 – May 15, 1945
2518th Army Air Force/Air Force Base Unit May 1, 1944 – August 28, 1948
3575 Pilot Training Wing August 26, 1948 – November 1, 1972
8600 Pilot Training Wing June 27, 1949 – May 28, 1951
71st Flying Training Wing November 1, 1972 – present
Enid Composite Squadron Civil Air Patrol
Mission
The 71st Flying Training Wing aims to train world-class pilots for the United States Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and its allies and to prepare Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) warriors to deploy in support of the combatant commanders.
Based units
Flying and notable non-flying units based at Vance Air Force Base.
Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Vance, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.
United States Air Force
Air Education and Training Command (AETC)
Nineteenth Air Force
71st Flying Training Wing (Host Wing)
Headquarters 71st Flying Training Wing
71st Comptroller Squadron
71st Operations Group
3rd Flying Training Squadron – T-1A Jayhawk
8th Flying Training Squadron – T-6A Texan II
25th Flying Training Squadron – T-38C Talon
33rd Flying Training Squadron – T-6A Texan II
71st Operations Support Squadron
71st Student Squadron
71st Medical Group
71st Healthcare Operations Squadron
71st Operations Medical Readiness Squadron
71st Medical Support Squadron
71st Mission Support Group
71st Installation Support Squadron
71st Force Support Squadron
71st Security Forces Squadron
Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)
12th Flying Training Wing
340th Flying Training Group
5th Flying Training Squadron (GSU) – T-1A Jayhawk, T-38C Talon, T-6A Texan II
See also
Aviation portal
Oklahoma World War II Army Airfields
Air Training Command
32d Flying Training Wing (World War II)
References
^ "Airport Diagram – Vance AFB (KEND)" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
^ "Vance Air Force Base | the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture".
^ "Vance AFB". MyBaseGuide. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
^ "Flying Training Squadrons". 340th Flying Training Group. US Air Force. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
Other sources
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas OCLC 71006954, 29991467
Mueller, Robert (1989). Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on September 17, 1982. USAF Reference Series, Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6
Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
Shaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC. OCLC 57007862, 1050653629
Much of this text in an early version of this article was taken from pages on the Vance Air Force Base Website, which as a work of the U.S. Government is presumed to be a public domain resource.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vance Air Force Base.
Vance Air Force Base, official web site
Vance AFB at GlobalSecurity.org
Vance AFB Installation Overview from AirForceUSA.org.
FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective June 13, 2024
FAA Terminal Procedures for END, effective June 13, 2024
Resources for this U.S. military airport:
FAA airport information for END
AirNav airport information for KEND
ASN accident history for END
NOAA/NWS latest weather observations
SkyVector aeronautical chart for KEND
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"IATA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IATA_airport_code"},{"link_name":"ICAO","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAO_airport_code"},{"link_name":"FAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration"},{"link_name":"LID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location_identifier"},{"link_name":"United States Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Enid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enid,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"Oklahoma City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"Leon Robert Vance Jr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Vance"},{"link_name":"71st Flying Training Wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Wing"},{"link_name":"Air Education and Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command"}],"text":"US Air Force base in Garfield County, OklahomaVance Air Force Base (IATA: END, ICAO: KEND, FAA LID: END) is a United States Air Force base located in southern Enid, Oklahoma, about 65 mi (105 km) north northwest of Oklahoma City. The base is named after local World War II hero and Medal of Honor recipient, Lieutenant Colonel Leon Robert Vance Jr.The host unit at Vance is the 71st Flying Training Wing (71 FTW), which is a part of Air Education and Training Command (AETC). The commander of the 71 FTW is Colonel Charles D. Throckmorton IV. The vice-commander is Colonel Charles Schuck and the command chief is Chief Master Sergeant Brandon Smith.","title":"Vance Air Force Base"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leon_vance.jpg"},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"link_name":"United States Army Air Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps"},{"link_name":"United States Army Air Forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces"},{"link_name":"Fairchild PT-19s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_PT-19"},{"link_name":"War Department","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_War_Department"},{"link_name":"31st Flying Training Wing (Primary)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_Flying_Training_Wing_(World_War_II)"},{"link_name":"Central Flying Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Flying_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"end of the war in Europe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union blockaded Berlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Blockade"},{"link_name":"Harry S. Truman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman"},{"link_name":"United States Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"}],"sub_title":"World War II","text":"Lieutenant Colonel Leon Vance, Medal of Honor recipient.Construction began on 12 July 1941 for a cost of $4,034,583. United States Army Air Corps project officer, Major Henry W. Dorr supervised the construction and developed the basic pilot training base. In 1941, for the sum of $1 a year, this land was leased from the city of Enid to the federal government as a site for a pilot training field, and on November 21 the base was officially activated. The installation was without a name, but was generally referred to as Air Corps Basic Flying School. The mission of the school was to train aviation cadets to become aircraft pilots and commissioned officers in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF).The facility was assigned to the USAAF Gulf Coast Training Center, with the Army Air Force Pilot School (Primary) activated (phase 1 pilot training), in which flight cadets were taught basic flight using two-seater training aircraft. Fairchild PT-19s were the primary trainer used.It was not until 1942 that the base was officially named Enid Army Flying School, also known as Woodring Field. It was officially activated on 11 February 1942. On 8 January 1943, the War Department constituted and activated the 31st Flying Training Wing (Primary) at Enid and assigned it to the USAAF Central Flying Training Command. For the duration of the war, the basic phase of training graduated 8,169 students, while the advanced phase of training graduated 826.As the demand for pilots decreased with the end of the war in Europe, the Enid Army Flying Field began ramping down pilot production and deactivated on 31 January 1947, by which time 9,895 USAAF pilots had earned wings there.[2] In 1946, Alva, Oklahoma native Floyd E. Welsh, the War Surplus Property Officer in Washington, D.C., had pigeonholed the Enid AAF folder when it crossed his desk for disposal action. Two years later the Soviet Union blockaded Berlin, Germany, and U.S. president Harry S. Truman ordered an airlift to resupply the city. The United States Air Force (USAF), realizing a need for training facilities, asked Welsh if any World War II airfields remained in inventory. He exhumed the Enid AAF folder, and the base was reactivated on August 1, 1948, as Enid Air Force Base.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Air Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"Leon Robert Vance Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Robert_Vance_Jr."},{"link_name":"Medal of Honor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_of_Honor"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T-37-vance-1971.jpg"},{"link_name":"BT-13A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT-13_Valiant"},{"link_name":"BT-15","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT-13_Valiant"},{"link_name":"TB-25","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-25"},{"link_name":"TB-26","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-26_Invader"},{"link_name":"AT-6 Texan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-6_Texan"},{"link_name":"T-33 Shooting Star","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-33_Shooting_Star"},{"link_name":"T-37 Tweet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-37_Tweet"},{"link_name":"T-38 Talon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-38_Talon"},{"link_name":"Undergraduate Pilot Training","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undergraduate_Pilot_Training"}],"sub_title":"Cold War","text":"Reactivated as Enid Air Force Base, the installation became one of several pilot training bases within the Air Training Command (ATC). Its initial mission was to provide training for advanced students in multi-engine aircraft. On July 9, 1949, in keeping with the USAF tradition of naming bases for deceased flyers, the base was renamed for Lieutenant Colonel Leon Robert Vance Jr., USAAF, an Enid native who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II.T-37s at Vance Air Force Base in 1971.The first aircraft flown at Vance when it was still Enid AAF was the BT-13A, followed shortly by the BT-15. In 1944, advanced students flew the TB-25 and TB-26. Following the establishment of the United States Air Force as a separate service in September 1947, Enid AFB-turned-Vance AFB began conducting training in the AT-6 Texan and eventually the T-33 Shooting Star. The T-37 Tweet first flew at Vance AFB beginning in 1961, and the T-38 Talon in 1963 as the USAF transitioned to its Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) system.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undergraduate_Pilot_Training"},{"link_name":"Beechcraft T-6 Texan II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II"},{"link_name":"T-1A Jayhawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-1A_Jayhawk"},{"link_name":"T-38 Talon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-38_Talon"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T-38As_Vance_AFB_1997.jpeg"},{"link_name":"Joint Primary Aircraft Training System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Primary_Aircraft_Training_System"},{"link_name":"T-6 Texan II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-6_Texan_II"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"United States Marine Corps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps"},{"link_name":"naval aviators","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_aviator"},{"link_name":"carrier qualification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_United_States_Navy_carrier_air_operations#Carrier_qualifications"},{"link_name":"T-45 Goshawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-45_Goshawk"},{"link_name":"Naval Air Station Meridian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Meridian"},{"link_name":"NAS Kingsville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAS_Kingsville"},{"link_name":"commander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"United States Coast Guard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard"},{"link_name":"tilt-rotor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt-rotor"},{"link_name":"Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegelman_Air_Force_Auxiliary_Field"},{"link_name":"Cherokee, Oklahoma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee,_Oklahoma"},{"link_name":"RAPCON","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAPCON"},{"link_name":"Nellis AFB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_AFB"}],"sub_title":"Post Cold War","text":"In 1995 USAF officials announced that Vance would transition to the Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training curriculum. Under SUPT, Vance students begin their training in the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II, followed by the T-1A Jayhawk for students identified for jet tanker, transport or large reconnaissance aircraft, and the T-38 Talon for fighter, bomber and other USAF fixed-wing aircraft.T-38A Talons of the 25th FTS at Vance AFB in November 1997.With the introduction of the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) to Vance in 2005, the 71 FTW began transitioning from the T-37 to the newer T-6 Texan II. Joint training with the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) began at Vance in 1996, with select USN and USMC strike jet student naval aviators obtaining all training at Vance in the T-37 and T-38 except for carrier qualification, which they subsequently complete in the T-45 Goshawk at Naval Air Station Meridian, Mississippi or NAS Kingsville, Texas. A number of senior naval aviators in the rank of commander have also served as squadron commander in the 71 FTW. Today, student naval aviators only undergo primary T-6 training at Vance, transitioning to USN/USMC strike jet pipeline, the USN/USMC/United States Coast Guard (USCG) multi-engine maritime pipeline, or the USN/USMC/USCG rotary-wing and tilt-rotor pipeline at respective naval air stations in Florida, Texas or Mississippi.All students practice basic patterns and landings at Kegelman Air Force Auxiliary Field located near Cherokee, Oklahoma. Vance is considered the second busiest RAPCON facility in the United States, behind Nellis AFB. Nellis AFB is open 24 hours, but Vance AFB has more traffic per hour.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Gulf Coast Training Center","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Coast_Training_Center"},{"link_name":"Army Air Forces Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Air_Forces_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"Air Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"Air Education and Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command"}],"sub_title":"Major Commands","text":"Gulf Coast Training Center (Air Corps), December 18, 1941 – January 23, 1942\nAir Corps Flying Training Comd, January 23, 1942 – March 15, 1942\nAAF Flying Training Comd, March 15, 1942 – July 31, 1943\nArmy Air Forces Training Command, July 31, 1943 – July 1, 1946\nAir Training Command, July 1, 1946 – July 1, 1993\nAir Education and Training Command, July 2, 1993 – present","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:71ftw-aircraft.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Base operating units","text":"80th Air Base Sq, November 29, 1941 – June 13, 1942\n80th Base HQ and Air Base Sq, June 13, 1942 – May 1, 1944\n2518th AAF Base Unit (Pilot School, Basic), May 1, 1944 – February 4, 1945\n2518th AAF Base Unit [Pilot School, Advanced-2E], February 4, 1945 – September 26, 1947\n2518th AF Base Unit, September 26, 1947 – August 26, 1948\n3575th Air Base Gp, August 26, 1948 – November 1, 1972\n71st Air Base Gp, November 1, 1972 – presentAircraft of the 71st Flying Training Wing. From left: A T-38 Talon, T-6A Texan II, and a T-1 Jayhawk are posed in front of the base control tower on the Vance flightline.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Civil Air Patrol","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol"}],"sub_title":"Major units assigned","text":"60th Air Base Group November 29, 1941 – December 20, 1942\n31st Flight Training Wing January 16, 1943 – May 15, 1945\n2518th Army Air Force/Air Force Base Unit May 1, 1944 – August 28, 1948\n3575 Pilot Training Wing August 26, 1948 – November 1, 1972\n8600 Pilot Training Wing June 27, 1949 – May 28, 1951\n71st Flying Training Wing November 1, 1972 – present\nEnid Composite Squadron Civil Air Patrol","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The 71st Flying Training Wing aims to train world-class pilots for the United States Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and its allies and to prepare Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) warriors to deploy in support of the combatant commanders.","title":"Mission"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Flying and notable non-flying units based at Vance Air Force Base.[3][4]Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Vance, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.","title":"Based units"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Air Education and Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command"},{"link_name":"Nineteenth Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"71st Flying Training Wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Wing"},{"link_name":"71st Operations Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71st_Operations_Group"},{"link_name":"3rd Flying Training Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_Flying_Training_Squadron"},{"link_name":"T-1A Jayhawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raytheon_T-1_Jayhawk"},{"link_name":"8th Flying Training Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Flying_Training_Squadron"},{"link_name":"T-6A Texan II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft_T-6_Texan_II"},{"link_name":"25th Flying Training Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Flying_Training_Squadron"},{"link_name":"T-38C Talon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_T-38_Talon"},{"link_name":"33rd Flying Training Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33d_Flying_Training_Squadron"},{"link_name":"Air Force Reserve Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command"},{"link_name":"12th Flying Training Wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Flying_Training_Wing"},{"link_name":"340th Flying Training Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/340th_Flying_Training_Group"},{"link_name":"5th Flying Training Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Flying_Training_Squadron"}],"sub_title":"United States Air Force","text":"Air Education and Training Command (AETC)\n\nNineteenth Air Force\n71st Flying Training Wing (Host Wing)\nHeadquarters 71st Flying Training Wing\n71st Comptroller Squadron\n71st Operations Group\n3rd Flying Training Squadron – T-1A Jayhawk\n8th Flying Training Squadron – T-6A Texan II\n25th Flying Training Squadron – T-38C Talon\n33rd Flying Training Squadron – T-6A Texan II\n71st Operations Support Squadron\n71st Student Squadron\n71st Medical Group\n71st Healthcare Operations Squadron\n71st Operations Medical Readiness Squadron\n71st Medical Support Squadron\n71st Mission Support Group\n71st Installation Support Squadron\n71st Force Support Squadron\n71st Security Forces Squadron\n\n\nAir Force Reserve Command (AFRC)\n\n12th Flying Training Wing\n340th Flying Training Group\n5th Flying Training Squadron (GSU) – T-1A Jayhawk, T-38C Talon, T-6A Texan II","title":"Based units"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"public domain material","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"Air Force Historical Research Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.afhra.af.mil/"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"71006954","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/71006954"},{"link_name":"29991467","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/29991467"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-912799-53-6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-912799-12-9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-12-9"},{"link_name":"OCLC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"57007862","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/57007862"},{"link_name":"1050653629","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1050653629"},{"link_name":"Vance Air Force Base Website","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.vance.af.mil"},{"link_name":"public domain resource","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain_resource"}],"text":"This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency\nManning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas OCLC 71006954, 29991467\nMueller, Robert (1989). Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on September 17, 1982. USAF Reference Series, Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6\nRavenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.\nShaw, Frederick J. (2004), Locating Air Force Base Sites, History’s Legacy, Air Force History and Museums Program, United States Air Force, Washington DC. OCLC 57007862, 1050653629\nMuch of this text in an early version of this article was taken from pages on the Vance Air Force Base Website, which as a work of the U.S. Government is presumed to be a public domain resource.","title":"Other sources"}]
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[{"image_text":"Lieutenant Colonel Leon Vance, Medal of Honor recipient.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/Leon_vance.jpg"},{"image_text":"T-37s at Vance Air Force Base in 1971.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/T-37-vance-1971.jpg/220px-T-37-vance-1971.jpg"},{"image_text":"T-38A Talons of the 25th FTS at Vance AFB in November 1997.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/T-38As_Vance_AFB_1997.jpeg/220px-T-38As_Vance_AFB_1997.jpeg"},{"image_text":"Aircraft of the 71st Flying Training Wing. From left: A T-38 Talon, T-6A Texan II, and a T-1 Jayhawk are posed in front of the base control tower on the Vance flightline.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/71ftw-aircraft.jpg/220px-71ftw-aircraft.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Aviation portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation"},{"title":"Oklahoma World War II Army Airfields","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_World_War_II_Army_Airfields"},{"title":"Air Training Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Training_Command"},{"title":"32d Flying Training Wing (World War II)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32d_Flying_Training_Wing_(World_War_II)"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Airport Diagram – Vance AFB (KEND)\" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://aeronav.faa.gov/d-tpp/1911/00135ad.pdf#nameddest=(END)","url_text":"\"Airport Diagram – Vance AFB (KEND)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Vance Air Force Base | the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=VA005&l=","url_text":"\"Vance Air Force Base | the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture\""}]},{"reference":"\"Vance AFB\". MyBaseGuide. 15 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mybaseguide.com/air_force/199-3886/vance_afb_welcome","url_text":"\"Vance AFB\""}]},{"reference":"\"Flying Training Squadrons\". 340th Flying Training Group. US Air Force. Retrieved 30 October 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.340ftg.afrc.af.mil/Units/GSUs/","url_text":"\"Flying Training Squadrons\""}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Roe
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Afon Roe
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["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 53°12′43″N 3°49′49″W / 53.2120°N 3.8303°W / 53.2120; -3.8303Small river in Snowdonia in north-west Wales
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Afon Roe" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Afon RoeLocation of the mouth in WalesLocationCountryWalesDistrictConwy County Borough CouncilPhysical characteristicsMouthConfluence with Afon Conwy • coordinates53°12′43″N 3°49′49″W / 53.2120°N 3.8303°W / 53.2120; -3.8303
The Afon Roe is a small river in Snowdonia in north-west Wales.
Its tributary is the Afon Tafolog, which drains the eastern slopes of Drum, a mountain in the Carneddau range.
The river flows through the village of Rowen before joining the River Conwy.
References
^ Stuart Fisher (5 January 2012). Rivers of Britain: Estuaries, Tideways, Havens, Lochs, Firths and Kyles. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-1-4081-5931-6.
vteConwy ValleyTowns
Llanrwst
Conwy
Other settlements
Betws-y-Coed
Caerhun
Dolgarrog
Eglwysbach
Glan Conwy
Henryd
Llanbedr-y-Cennin
Llanddoged
Llangelynnin
Llanrhychwyn
Maenan
Rowen
Tal-y-bont
Tal-y-Cafn
Trefriw
Tyn-y-groes
Rivers & streams
Afon Conwy
Afon Crafnant
Afon Geirionydd
Afon Hiraethlyn
Afon Machno
Afon Lledr
Afon Llugwy
Afon Gallt y Gwg
Nant y Goron
Afon Ddu (1)
Afon Porth-llwyd
Afon Dulyn
Afon Ddu (2)
Afon Garreg-wen
Ffrwd Cerriguniawn
Afon Melynllyn
Afon Roe
Afon Tafolog
Afon Gyffin
Lakes
Llyn Crafnant
Llyn Elsi
Llyn Geirionydd
Llyn Parc
Waterfalls
Conwy Falls
Grey Mare's Tail
Fairy Falls
Hills & mountains
Mynydd y Dref
Tal y Fan
Bwlch-y-Ddeufaen
Cefn Cyfarwydd
Mynydd Hiraethog
Castles & forts
Canovium
Conwy Castle
Gwydir Castle
Pen y Gaer
Bridges
Conwy Railway Bridge
Conwy Suspension Bridge
Pont Fawr (Llanrwst)
Tal-y-Cafn Bridge
Waterloo Bridge (Betws-y-coed)
Other features
Bodnant Garden
Cadair Ifan Goch
Conwy RSPB reserve
Gwydir Forest
Klondyke mill
Maenan Abbey
Moel Maelogan
Snowdonia National Park
Surf Snowdonia
Trefriw Woollen Mills
Tu Hwnt i'r Bont
Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant
Transport
A470
A5
B5106
Conwy Valley line
Conwy Valley Railway Museum
Sarn Helen
Railway stations
Betws-y-Coed railway station
Dolgarrog railway station
Glan Conwy railway station
Llanrwst railway station
North Llanrwst railway station
Tal-y-Cafn railway station
Wales portal
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Snowdonia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowdonia"},{"link_name":"Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Fisher2012-1"},{"link_name":"Afon Tafolog","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Tafolog"},{"link_name":"Drum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_(Wales)"},{"link_name":"Carneddau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carneddau"},{"link_name":"Rowen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowen,_Conwy"},{"link_name":"River Conwy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Conwy"}],"text":"Small river in Snowdonia in north-west WalesThe Afon Roe is a small river in Snowdonia in north-west Wales.[1]Its tributary is the Afon Tafolog, which drains the eastern slopes of Drum, a mountain in the Carneddau range.The river flows through the village of Rowen before joining the River Conwy.","title":"Afon Roe"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Stuart Fisher (5 January 2012). Rivers of Britain: Estuaries, Tideways, Havens, Lochs, Firths and Kyles. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-1-4081-5931-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=f_c_p_KNDzEC&pg=PA59","url_text":"Rivers of Britain: Estuaries, Tideways, Havens, Lochs, Firths and Kyles"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-5931-6","url_text":"978-1-4081-5931-6"}]}]
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bust_of_Antinous_(NAMA)
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Bust of Antinous (NAMA)
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["1 Description","2 Gallery","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
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Bust of Antinous in Athens, Greece
Bust of AntinousGreek: Προτομή του ΑντίνοουThe bust of AntinousYear2nd century ADMediumMarble sculptureSubjectAntinousDimensions67 cm (26 in)LocationNational Archaeological Museum, Athens
The bust of Antinous (Greek: Προτομή του Αντίνοου) in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens in Greece is an ancient Roman sculptural portrait of the young Antinous, the favorite and beloved of the Roman emperor Hadrian. It was discovered in the city of Patras in the nineteenth century.
Description
This bust of Antinous, categorized as item inv. no. 417, was excavated in Patras in 1856, a few decades after Greece's independence in 1930. It was found alongside a second, almost identical, bust of Antinous which is also kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (inv. no. 418). Both busts show typical features of Antinous's iconography, such as full lips, luscious curls, a broad chest, a straight nose, thick eyebrows and a melancholic expression, and were produced around 130–138 AD from the same workshop, not long after Antinous's death in 130 AD. The second bust however is more damaged than the other, with clear damage in its nose, cheek and chin.
The first, undamaged bust is exhibited in room 31a of the museum, while the second is usually kept in storage, though it was displayed for some time during the Hadrian and Antinous: an encounter, 19 centuries later exhibition in 2018. It is 67cm in height, and made of marble from the Aegean island of Thasos.
Gallery
Bust of Antinous
The second, damaged bust in exhibition.
The bust from right side.
Eyes and hair.
Frontal.
See also
Ancient Greece portalGreece portalAncient Rome portal
Varvakeion Athena
Mask of Agamemnon
Statue of Antinous (Delphi)
References
^ a b c "Marble portrait bust of Antinoos, from Patras, Peloponnese AD 130-138". www.namuseum.gr. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
^ a b c d e "Exhibition: 'Hadrian and Antinous: an encounter, 19 centuries later' at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (#Hadrian1900)". followingadrian.com. June 18, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
External links
Media related to Bust of Antinous in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens at Wikimedia Commons
vteMajor exhibits at the National Archaeological Museum of AthensNeolithic
Karditsa Thinker
Cycladic
Frying pan 1
Frying pan 2
Spool-shaped pyxis
Minoan
Akrotiri Boxer Fresco
Wall Paintings of Thera
Mycenaean
Grave stelai of Mycenae
Mask of Agamemnon
Octopus amphora
Nestor's Cup
Theseus Ring
Warrior Vase
Archaic
Apollo Omphalos
Artemision Bronze
Daidala
Dedication of Nikandre
Dipylon Amphora
Dipylon inscription
Grave stele 7901
Horses Amphora
Kroisos Kouros
Lemnos stele
Merenda Kouros
Phrasikleia Kore
Pitsa panels
Rider Amphora
Sounion Kouros
Stele of Aristion
Classical
Antikythera Ephebe
Funerary naiskos of Aristonautes
Funerary Stela of Demokleides
Grave Stele of Hegeso
Great Eleusinian Relief
Mantineia Base
Marathon Boy
Myrtis
Nike of Epidaurus
Ninnion Tablet
Xenokrateia Relief
Hellenistic
Antikythera mechanism
Aristonoe
Group of Aphrodite, Pan and Eros
Heracles of Antikythera
Jockey of Artemision
Lycosoura Artemis
Lycosoura Demeter
Mithridates relief
Nike of Megara
Poseidon of Melos
Themis of Rhamnous
Roman
Aphrodite of Syracuse
Armed Aphrodite
Atalante Hermes
Bust of Antinous
Diadumenos
Hermes Criophorus
Hermes of Aegium
Lenormant Athena
Varvakeion Athena
|
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|
[]
|
[{"title":"Ancient Greece portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece"},{"title":"Greece portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Greece"},{"title":"Ancient Rome portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Rome"},{"title":"Varvakeion Athena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvakeion_Athena"},{"title":"Mask of Agamemnon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask_of_Agamemnon"},{"title":"Statue of Antinous (Delphi)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Antinous_(Delphi)"}]
|
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|
[{"Link":"https://www.namuseum.gr/en/collection/romaiki-periodos/","external_links_name":"\"Marble portrait bust of Antinoos, from Patras, Peloponnese AD 130-138\""},{"Link":"https://followinghadrian.com/2018/06/18/exhibition-hadrian-and-antinous-an-encounter-19-centuries-later-at-the-national-archaeological-museum-of-athens-hadrian1900/","external_links_name":"\"Exhibition: 'Hadrian and Antinous: an encounter, 19 centuries later' at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens (#Hadrian1900)\""}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Novo_Tape
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User talk:Dilettante
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["1 Requesting removal of AWB perms","2 Teahouse host welcome","3 John Amabile","4 Editing while logged out","5 Speedy deletion nomination of User talk:Factcheckersoffical","6 The Signpost: 23 October 2023","7 Women in Red - November 2023","8 Battle of Bratačića","9 The Signpost: 6 November 2023","10 Nineteen Eighty-Four","11 The Signpost: 20 November 2023","12 More Than Scientists","13 Books & Bytes – Issue 59","14 Women in Red December 2023","15 ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message","16 Reverting vandalism reversion","17 Submission revert","18 Starlab Space Station","19 The Signpost: 4 December 2023","20 Jayden lopez talk page","21 November 2023 GOCE drive award","22 Kosei Eguchi","23 Closing","24 The Signpost: 24 December 2023","25 メリークリスマス！ (Merry Christmas)","26 Thank you for participating in AfC November 2023 Backlog Drive","27 Happy holidays!","28 Merry Christmas!","29 Women in Red January 2024","30 Request on 02:46:02, 3 January 2024 for assistance on AfC submission by Wikibobdobbs","31 The Signpost: 10 January 2024","32 CS1 error on Hart Crane","33 Disambiguation link notification for January 23","34 Books & Bytes – Issue 60","35 Women in Red February 2024","36 The Signpost: 31 January 2024","37 The Signpost: 13 February 2024","38 Women in Red March 2024","39 Scripts++ Newsletter – Issue 24","39.1 Featured script","39.2 Newly maintained scripts","39.3 Improve a script","39.4 Requested scripts","39.5 New scripts","39.5.1 Edit-listings","39.5.2 Appearance-ricing","39.5.3 Permissions required!","39.5.4 QOL shortcuts","40 The Signpost: 2 March 2024","41 Books & Bytes – Issue 61","42 ANI","43 RFA2024 update: no longer accepting new proposals in phase I","44 hey novo help me in adding photo in my page please","45 add quick facts option in my page after that I will add information in it","46 The Signpost: 29 March 2024","47 Women in Red April 2024","48 Concern regarding Draft:James Heaton","49 ITN recognition for Maryse Condé","50 ITN recognition for John Barth","51 The Core Contest has now begun!","52 Concern regarding Draft:Phenomenology (literature)","53 Concern regarding Draft:Translations of James Joyce","54 Books & Bytes – Issue 62","55 The Signpost: 25 April 2024","56 Women in Red May 2024","57 Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C","58 RFA2024 update: phase I concluded, phase II begins","59 CS1 error on Bernard Pivot","60 The Core Contest is halfway through!","61 Your draft article, Draft:Phenomenology (literature)","62 Your draft article, Draft:Translations of James Joyce","63 WT:DYK","64 The Signpost: 16 May 2024","65 Women in Red June 2024","66 The 2024 Core Contest has ended!","67 The Signpost: 8 June 2024"]
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Archives
July 2023
October 2023
Requesting removal of AWB perms
I'm not using AWB as much as I expected so could I be removed from the AWB access list?
This request for help from administrators has been answered. If you need more help or have additional questions, please reapply the {{admin help}} template, or contact the responding user(s) directly on their own user talk page. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 21:55, 17 October 2023 (UTC)
Done. Please check to make sure I did it properly. I wasn't even aware there was a list, let alone adding or removing entries from it. Seemed simple enough, but you never know.--Bbb23 (talk) 13:32, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
Thanks! I'm no longer able to use AWB and JWB so I think it worked. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 15:50, 18 October 2023 (UTC)
Teahouse host welcome
Dear Novo Tape,
Thank you for volunteering as a Host at the Teahouse. Wikipedia is a community of people working together to make knowledge free. You are an important part of that effort! By joining as a Host, and by following our expectations, you are helping new users to get started here at Wikipedia, and aiding more experienced users who just have a question about how something works. We appreciate your willingness to help!
Here are some links you may find helpful as a Host:
Useful scripts you can install to make responding easier,
templates to use and, of course:
the question forum itself.
Editors who have signed up as hosts, but who have not contributed at the Teahouse for six months or so may be removed from the list of hosts.
Cheers, Nick Moyes (talk) 14:57, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
John Amabile
No vandalism here. Please review the stub article that exists for Amabile. 65.88.88.56 (talk) 18:04, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
Sorry. I was mistaken in reverting you. I'll restore your edit now. Thanks for trying to make Wikipedia more accurate! Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:12, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
What's this she/her nonsense? If I am communicating with you, I shall be saying 'you'. How dare you undo my edits which are aways designed to improve style and add or correct facts. What do you actually know about the items you are 'editing'?? 82.39.166.176 (talk) 16:39, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
Sorry, if you look at the page history, you'd see I misclicked and undid my incorrect change. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 16:51, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
Editing while logged out
Hi - was that intentional, or a mistake? If the latter, you could reach out to oversight and ask to have the diffs redacted. I haven't run a check on your account or anything, I figured it out in the old-fashioned way; if I can do that, other people probably can too. It's not strictly against policy, and I don't think that you've done anything improper, so please don't interpret this as a telling off, I'm really just letting you know that it can be spotted, and that some people see it as suspicious so, you know, you might not want to do it. Cheers Girth Summit (blether) 18:17, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
I honestly have no idea what you're talking about; I don't remember editing logged-out. I just enabled email. Would it be possible for you to send me the diff over email? Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:23, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
@Girth Summit: Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:30, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
Done. Girth Summit (blether) 18:34, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
Replied just now (sorry for the delay). Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 20:20, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
No reply received yet. Girth Summit (blether) 22:54, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
Not sure why. It's showing up in my sent mail category. Either way, just emailed it again. Novo Tape (talk) 23:01, 19 October 2023 (UTC)
Thanks! Glad that was cleared up. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 14:48, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
Speedy deletion nomination of User talk:Factcheckersoffical
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A tag has been placed on User talk:Factcheckersoffical, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to have no meaningful content or history, and the text is unsalvageably incoherent. If the page you created was a test, please use the sandbox for any other experiments you would like to do.
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Battle of Bratačića
why did you delete my edits for this battle? It is tottaly accurate. Subabsrb (talk) 22:08, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
Switching the casualties to "light" and "a lot bigger" is both informal and a downgrade from the previous estimates listed. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 22:09, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
There are sources about that, and why did you remove the whole infobox of military conflict? Subabsrb (talk) 22:13, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
Sorry, the program I was using reverted both your edits. I'll self-revert. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 22:14, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
Ok, thanks Subabsrb (talk) 22:15, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
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Nineteen Eighty-Four
I guess that makes me O'Brien . -- Deepfriedokra (talk) 18:06, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
Lol. I haven't read 1984 since I was in middle school, but I guess that'd make me Charrington, doing anti-vandalism work but as an ordinary officer, not a sysop/Inner Party member. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:11, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
who would be Big Brother? the WMF? arbcom? jimbo? :) – dudhhr talkcontribssheher 22:37, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
Maybe Jimbo.
I think the ministry of peace would be the wmf, oversighters would be the ministry of truth, and arbcom would be the ministry of love.
Who would the other nations be? I'm thinking wikipediocracy or traditional encyclopedias. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 23:05, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
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More Than Scientists
Novo Tape, thank you very much for the feedback on More Than Scientists, it's definitely helpful.
I removed the commentary in the last paragraph of the lead, leaving a short statement supported by the two quoted descriptions from the coverage.
Do you think the section on the general public's belief in climate science would be a good article on its own? It is an important part of the (on-going) history. As is, it focuses on the time period when More Than Scientists was launched, to provide context and background for that campaign. I could look at researching it further to update it to current time so it can stand on its own and then moving it out to a separate article? In the meantime I've shortened and tightened it up, and I could shorten it more if you think that would be better.
(and if this response should be left somewhere other than your talk page please let me know where. Thanks!) Keystone77 (talk) 22:52, 26 November 2023 (UTC)
You're welcome. Also, don't worry—this is the appropriate venue for discussing my feedback. The article Public opinion on climate change already exists, but, if you're interested, I encourage you to edit it or discuss changes on the talk page. It's worth noting the page is designated as a contentious topic, so editing it may require particular care in terms of sourcing.
I notice that you've published your draft for review again. I'd still strongly recommend cutting down the section on Public Awareness since it's as long as the rest of the article. It's unlikely, though possible, that it will be published in the current form due to the undue weight concerns. I've added a see also link to public opinion on climate change under that section so that readers can gain more info if they'd like and the article doesn't need to include too much about public opinion. I can review the article again once you make those changes. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 17:16, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
Thanks again – it’s really helpful to have someone providing feedback and edits. Ok, I greatly cut down the section on public opinion (I do think it's an important section tho since it describes why climate scientists have been interested in a vehicle like More Than Scientists for speaking out – which is unusual for scientists!) The page on public opinion talks around this aspect (the public’s opinion of the scientific consensus) so I’ll work on adding the add'l detail there.
As for resubmitting it for review, I assumed that was the next step after addressing your comments (altho apparently not sufficiently :) – sorry if that was jumping the gun. Please let me know what you think with this draft. Thanks! Keystone77 (talk) 05:00, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
I understand how it can be hard to trim info, but I think the article is fairly well balanced now. Don't worry about jumping the gun. It took me a long time to learn when an article is ready and how to navigate Wikipedia's numerous policies and guidelines. I'm happy to help when you err.
I've published the draft because it looks sufficiently sourced to be an article. Thanks for working to improve Wikipedia's coverage! If you need any more help, don't hesitate to ask me or visit this forum. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 16:43, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
Addendum: It's also common practice to edit a draft after it's submitted, and there's nothing wrong with doing so. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 19:28, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
Books & Bytes – Issue 59
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Reverting vandalism reversion
Hi! I just reverted some vandalism on Corey Perry and I think you mistakenly reverted my reversion. Granted there's a lot of vandalism going on at that article at the moment due to rumours floating around, but could you check again and see if the article is OK? Thanks! --2604:3D09:A17E:7300:1C2C:2EBA:27DC:D8E6 (talk) 19:32, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
I don't think I reverted you. Based on the page history, no-one reverted your edit. I accidentally gave you the wrong welcome template (I meant to thank you for fighting vandalism). Sorry about that! It should be fixed now Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 19:35, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
No problem; just wanted to check. Have a great day! --2604:3D09:A17E:7300:1C2C:2EBA:27DC:D8E6 (talk) 19:38, 28 November 2023 (UTC)
You too! Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 16:32, 29 November 2023 (UTC)
Submission revert
Dear Novo Tape, Hello, Can you tell me why you reverted my edits on Draft:Pablo, I think I Had given better reason for declining an submission. :)~~ αvírαm|(tαlk) 18:09, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
I reverted to the first review because I edit conflicted and they were the first to review. If you'd like, I can restore your review (or you can restore it yourself). Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:09, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
Ping @Zoglophie: in case they have any objections. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:11, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
I think we edit conflicted again, @Aviram7 if you think your reason is better, please revert it to your preferred version. zoglophie•talk• 18:14, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
@Zoglophie and Aviram7: I've reverted since no-one seems to have any objection. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:18, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
Dear Navo and Dear @Zoglophie: Hello, Very bad! but I think first declined reason was is better declined reason from me and from also navo's declined reason., navo, Thanks for reply. Thnx :) ~~ αvírαm|(tαlk) 18:29, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
@Aviram7: I've already filled the page history so I won't edit it further. I welcome you to restore it to any version you like. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 20:50, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
Starlab Space Station
Whack!You've been whacked with a wet trout.Don't take this too seriously. Someone just wants to let you know that you did something silly.
You've been trouted because you have reverted what appears to be this edit, but you've actually managed to restore something else, and that wasn't a great idea. But don't worry, you've managed to self revert it as everybody makes mistakes. Anyway, happy reverting! – 64andtim (talk) 19:56, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
Yeah, that was my bad. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 20:43, 30 November 2023 (UTC)
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Jayden lopez talk page
Wanted to let you know that I moved your Warning to be within the December section of their user talk. Shearonink (talk) 17:40, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
Thanks! The program I'm using glitched for whatever reason. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 17:43, 6 December 2023 (UTC)
November 2023 GOCE drive award
The Minor Barnstar
This barnstar is awarded to Novo Tape for copy edits totaling between 1 and 3,999 words (including bonus and rollover words) during the GOCE November 2023 Backlog Elimination Drive. Congratulations, and thank you for your contributions! Dhtwiki (talk) 09:05, 7 December 2023 (UTC)
Kosei Eguchi
Hello. I'd like to ask why did you revert changes here? Kosei Egichi was indeed a woman... SunshineRays125 (talk) 17:29, 8 December 2023 (UTC)
@SunshineRays125 This source states Eguchi is male. If you can provide two sources stating they're female, or one more in-depth/more reliable source, I'll self-revert. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 17:38, 8 December 2023 (UTC)
Closing
About "Despite the multiple discussions, none were formally closed...", I thought I'd drop by and saying that formal closing (=boxing up) and summary statements are pretty rare, and they're not really necessary. The important thing is whether editors agree; the rest is for convenience (mostly, the convenience of later editors who just want to know the result and don't want to read the whole thing).
BTW, if you're interested in pharmaceuticals, you might want to put Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine and Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology on your watchlist. WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:58, 11 December 2023 (UTC)
WhatamIdoing. Sorry for the (extremely) late response but I've been inactive the past month due to a personal matter. I think I wrote that line in reference to When a discussion involves many people and the outcome is not clear, it may be necessary to formally close the discussion from WP:CLD as well as another page specifically about policy/guideline changes (though for the life of me I can't remember which page that is or what it said). Either way, thanks for letting me know that closure isn't common.
For now, I expect most of my content creation to be under the purview of WikiProject Novels, but I'll keep your suggestion in mind for the future. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 16:44, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
No worries. Welcome back! WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:00, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
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メリークリスマス！ (Merry Christmas)
Merry Christmas and a Prosperous 2024!
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🛧Midori No Sora♪🛪 ( ☁＝☁＝✈) 05:21, 25 December 2023 (UTC)
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🛧Midori No Sora♪🛪 ( ☁＝☁＝✈) 05:21, 25 December 2023 (UTC)
Thank you for participating in AfC November 2023 Backlog Drive
The Working Woman's Barnstar
Thank you for your participation in the Articles for Creation's November 2023 Backlog Drive! You made a total of 62 reviews, for a total of 63 points. – robertsky (talk) 06:51, 25 December 2023 (UTC)
Happy holidays!
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Merry Christmas!
~ ~ ~ Merry Christmas! ~ ~ ~
Hello Novo Tape: Enjoy the holiday season and winter solstice if it's occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand Wikipedia. Cheers, --Dustfreeworld (talk) 10:50, 25 December 2023 (UTC)
Women in Red January 2024
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Request on 02:46:02, 3 January 2024 for assistance on AfC submission by Wikibobdobbs
Wikibobdobbs (talk · contribs)
Draft:Mask Bloc (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs)
Hi, I would like assistance in the creation of a Wikipedia page for Mask Blocs. It's my first submitted page and it's a subject that doesn't have a lot of media coverage. So far there is only around 3-4 articles on it from scientific journals or newspapers but Mask Blocs are widely used by people to get free masks and more Mask Blocs are being started by communities every month.
Wikibobdobbs (talk) 02:46, 3 January 2024 (UTC)
Wikibobdobbs I'm busy right now, but I can work on expanding the draft sometime in the next week. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 17:19, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
Ok, Thank you! I tried finding history on Mask Blocs to add them but I couldn't find anything old since they're very new. Maybe the article about them in oregon could be listed in the history section as one of the first published instances of Mask Blocs? Wikibobdobbs (talk) 20:43, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
Hey any update on availability to help me create the Mask Blocs page? Many more Mask Blocs have started, there's now over 100 active Mask Blocs and almost 100 covid\longcovid advocacy groups and clean air blocs. Wikibobdobbs (talk) 02:27, 6 March 2024 (UTC)
I'm extremely sorry! I forgot about the article. This was inexcusable, but I'll go through the article today.
Looking through the existing sources on the article (See WP:42 for quick overview of notablity and WP:N for a more in-depth explanation):
Decently in-depth. You'd want at least two more covering mask blocs like this to warrant an article. (See also )
Passing mention of a mask bloc, mostly focuses on lifting the mandate. Does not contribute to notability.
Like the last one, is not in-depth. Does not contribute to notability.
Doesn't mention mask blocs.
Reasonably descriptive but not independent.
onwards. Do not mention mask blocs.
A search revealed a couple more sources. The author of this article has enough publications in other respected outlets that I'd just barely say it's considered reliable. That's 2/3 reliable, in-depth, independent sources. Another article from the same outlet has passing mention and doesn't contribute to establishing notability.
I'll work on rewriting the draft and looking for more sources tonight (PST/UTC-8), when I'm no longer on mobile. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 17:18, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
Haha no worries! Thank you so much for your help! Wikibobdobbs (talk) 02:16, 8 March 2024 (UTC)
Here's another article on Mask Blocs https://thesicktimes.org/2024/03/12/how-mask-blocs-are-keeping-communities-safe-with-neglected-government-stockpiles/ this publication is an independent paper started by journalists who write for various big papers and the author of this article has written articles for The Guardian, The NYT, Fortune, and The New Yorker. https://muckrack.com/brittanyshoot Wikibobdobbs (talk) 19:46, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
I'm really sorry for not informing you about this but I've been busy over the past few days. However, I've updated the draft to comply with Wikipedia's various pages and guidelines today. I understand it looks short, but that's because mask blocs unfortunately haven't received enough coverage to warrant a larger article. Please make any necessary changes if I've introduced an error. If you'd like to know why I added/removed/reworded something, feel free to ask.
If you'd like, I can publish the draft. The article won't appear on search engines until six months have elapsed or it's been reviewed independently, whichever happens first (unfortunately the backlog is very long and growing, so it's likely to be at least a month till it appears). Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 00:59, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
Wikibobdobbs pinging. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 00:59, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
Ok thank you! Yes, please publish the draft :) Wikibobdobbs (talk) 01:01, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
Wikibobdobbs, done! Please let me know if you need anything else. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 01:08, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
See Mask Bloc. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 01:09, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
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Books & Bytes – Issue 60
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Women in Red February 2024
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--Lajmmoore (talk 20:23, 25 February 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging
Scripts++ Newsletter – Issue 24
Hello everyone, and welcome to the 24th issue of the Wikipedia Scripts++ Newsletter, covering all our favorite new and updated user scripts since 24 December 2021. Uh-huh, we're finally covering the good ones among the rest! Aren't you excited? Remember to include a link in double brackets to the script's .js page when you install the script, so that we can see who uses the script in WhatLinksHere! The ScriptInstaller gadget automatically does this. Aaron Liu (talk) 01:00, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
Got anything good? Tell us about your new, improved, old, or messed-up script here!
Featured script
Making user scripts load faster by SD0001 is this month's featured script, which caches userscripts every day to eliminate the overhead caused by force-downloading the newest version of scripts every time you open a Wikipedia page. Despite being released in April 2021, our best script scouters have failed to locate it due to its omission from the US of L. For security reasons, the script only supports loading JavaScript pages.
Newly maintained scripts
After earthly attempts at improving the original have failed...
Aaron Liu has created What redirects here from Guarapiranga/WhatRedirectsHere; his fork includes support for every MediaWiki wiki, corrected link positions, an access key, and some rudimentary translation.
Ahecht has created a fork of SiBr4/TemplateSearch, which adds the "TP:" shortcut for "Template:" in the search box, and updated it to be compatible with Vector 2022.
AquilaFasciata/goToTopFast is a much faster fork of the classic goToTop script that also adds compatibility for Minerva and Vector 2022.
Mesidast/Tidy citations is a fork of Meteor sandwich yum/Tidy citations is a fork of Waldyrious/formatcitations. It configurably harmonizes whitespace and cleans up parameters in citation templates, descriptive edit summary included.
Without caching. Each script takes 400–500ms. A particularly large script takes 1.11 s! Internet download speed is 50 Mbps.
With caching enabled. Each script takes just 1-2 ms to load.
Improve a script
Unfortunately, this section has remained nearly identical. Help us out here!
Many of our favorite scripts such as Fred Gandt/userResourceManager, Guarapiranga/search-shortcuts and Bradv/Superlinks haven't been updated for Vector 2022. You could be the one to change that!
Elominius/media timer works, but its UI looks alien. Someone could improve it...
To a lesser extent, the same goes for PrimeHunter/Search sort. I wish someone would integrate the sorts into the sort menu instead of adding 11 portlet links.
We want...
...a mark-as-read button and watchlist notices support for Aaron Liu/Watchlyst Greybar Unsin
...a tool to automatically fix CAT:BROKENREFs, preferably a fork/addition to TheJJJunk/ARA
...a fix/fork of DannyS712/SectionRemover to make it work
Requested scripts
A simple script to second or archive proposed deletions
A script to auto-expand V22 ToC sections like this demo
A WP:3O response tool that can automatically remove the relevant request from the 3O dashboard
A byte filter to be split from Nux/LongTableFilters
...and many more, all available at Wikipedia:User scripts/Requests
New scripts
DannyS712/AbuseFilterMessageLinks add links to the "warn" and "disallow" messages in edit filters.
Diegodlh/Web2Cit/script adds an option to use m:Web2Cit (which WP:ProveIt also uses) instead of mw:Citoid to generate citations in the Visual Editor.
Dragoniez/SuppressEnterInForm stops you from accidentally submitting anything due to pressing enter while in the smaller box, and works on almost anything... except the InputBox element itself, used in subscription lists and the Signpost Crossword! Oh, the humanity!
Doǵu/Adiutor (pictured) provides a nice, integrated interface to do some twinkley tasks such as copyvio detection, CSD tagging, and viewing the most recent diff.
Eejit43 has quite the aesthetically pleasing scripts, all made in TypeScript.
/afcrc-helper is a replacement for the unmaintained Enterprisey/AFCRHS and processes Redirects for Creation and Categories for Creation requests.
/ajax-undo stops the "undo" button from taking you to another page while providing a text box to provide a reason for the revert.
/redirect-helper (pictured) adds a much better interface for editing and redirects, including categorization, for which valid categories are dictated by /redirect-helper.json.
/rmtr-helper helps process technical requested moves without being able to actually move them.
Guycn2/UserInfoPopup (pictured) adds a flyout after the watchlist star on userspace pages that displays the common information you might use about a user.
Jeeputer/editCounter, under userspace, adds a portlet link to count your edits by namespace, put them in a table, and put that table in a hardcoded subpage, all in the background.
Hilst/Scripts/sectionLinks converts all section links to use the § sign, which are known to be preferred over the ugly # by 99% of the devils I've met.
Moonythedwarf/extra-unreliable highlights phrases commonly used in spammed and POV'd paragraphs.
NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest (pictured) generates a wikitext-formatted diff view of any changes you've made that you can copy and paste anywhere.
PrimeHunter/Category source.js adds portlet links to tell you where a category for an article comes from and supports those from template transclusions.
Qwerfjkl/massCFD creates mass WP:CfD nominations.
Rublov/refspace highlights footnote spacing errors in red.
Sophivorus's MiniEdit adds some nice, li'l buttons next to paragraphs to edit their wikitext with a minimal interface.
Edit-listings
Dragoniez/ToollinkTweaks adds more and customizable links next to users in page history, logs, watchlist, recent changes, etc.
Firefly/more-block-info optimizes the display of rangeblocks in contribution pages. Doesn't work outside the English locale of any wiki, unfortunately.
Ingenuity/AbuseFilterContribs adds the edit filters that an edit tripped (if any) to a user's contributions page.
Nardog/ExamineMore makes it so the paging at Special:AbuseFilter/examine actually works, pending a fix to T292764.
NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/AjaxLoader makes paging links (e.g. older 50, 500, newest) load without refreshing and makes you realize how slow your internet actually is.
Appearance-ricing
Ahecht/RedirectID adds the redirect target to all redirects. For all the WP:NAVPOPS haters. (Do these exist?)
Dragoniez/MarkBLockedGlobal: Remember the "strike blocked usernames" gadget? Now you can use a red, dotted line to highlight rangeblocks and global locks!
GhostInTheMachine/GraphicReplyLink replaces the link with 💬, which is some sort of rainy cloud I guess?
Jonesey/common (pictured) has some styles to overhaul your Vector 2022 experience. It reduces padding everywhere, and makes the top bar animation faster.
Aaron Liu/V22 is a fork that narrows the sidebars instead of upheaving them, reverts the January 2024 dropdown changes, and restores the old page-link color for links that don't go outside the current wiki.
Nardog: SmartDiff is a spiritual successor to Enterprisey/fancy-diffs. It makes the page title part of links in diffs clickable, along with template and parser function calls. Unnamed parameters can be configured per template to also be linked. All links are styled based on the normal CSS classes of rendered links.
Phlsph7/ClassicalTOC (Vector 2022) reinserts the inline table of contents to pages under Vector 2022.
For the paranoid: Rublov/anonymize replaces your username at the top of the screen with the generic "User page" text. Remember, it is your duty to persuade everyone that editing is an honor.
Sideswipe9th/Vector 2022 Floating Tools Menu moves the Page Tools menu to the left and makes it float along with the table of contents.
Sm8ps/SectionEditing makes pressing Tab ↹ toggle the visibility of the tiny links next to section headings.. Not a great name, eh?
The wub/tocExpandAll adds a button on top of the floating ToC to expand or collapse subheadings.
Permissions required!
Ahecht/potd-helper: A script to post the picture of the day. A powerful upgrade for your mop.
Dragoniez
/AjaxBlock provides a dialog box for easy input of reasons while blocking users.
/Selective Rollback (pictured) provides a dialog box to customize rollback edit summaries and does them without reloading the page. Seriously, why doesn't MediaWiki already do this?
Theleekycauldron/DYK promoter automates (nearly) all the work needed to post a DYK hook.
QOL shortcuts
BrandonXLF/SVGEditor lets you edit any file that is an SVG, straight from the file page.
DanCherek/UAABotRemover adds a portlet link to enable a removal shortcut of faulty reports from Wikipedia:Usernames for administrator attention.
DreamRimmer/BlankUserPage helps you destroy webhost-ers' hopes and dreams with a user-friendly dialog box.
ESanders (WMF)/commentlinks.js adds a "link" button right after the "reply" button while the WMF struggles to reach feature parity with Convenient Discussions.
Isaacl/copy-comment-link-to-clipboard does exactly what you'd think it does, but in Wikitext.
FenrisAureus/SimpleStatus adds a shortcut at the top to edit your /Status subpage while providing a pre-made template.
Fred Gandt/addCloneClearButtonAboveScributoConsole: What a mouthful! Yet all it does (no offense) is add another Clear button on top of the Lua module debug console.
Guarapiranga/GlobalWatchlistLink adds a link to metawiki:Special:GlobalWatchlist next to the normal watchlist.
Nardog
PasteToCommons adds a paste handler to upload the pasted image to Wikimedia Commons.
Unpipe tries to detect violations of WP:NOPIPE and fix them as much as possible.
Ohconfucius/tometricunits automatically adds unit conversions of imperial units in brackets after their uses per MOS:UNITS.
Suntooooth
/flickrsearch adds a portlet link to search for uploadable flickr images about the subject.
/randomincategory adds a portlet link when on Category pages to go to a random page in the current category.
Vghfr/EasyTemplates adds a portlet link to automatically insert some of the most common inline {{fix}} templates.
Yes, we're just doing 'em as we go now. Thanks for reading through this looong issue, if you did! I'm sure this'll send a record for the longest issue ev-ah. You may need to wait even longer for the last issue, as our reserve of old-y and goodie scripts have ran out... We encourage you to try and do some of the requests or improvement tasks. See you in Summer, hopefully!
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MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 02:37, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
The Signpost: 2 March 2024
News and notes: Wikimedia enters US Supreme court hearings as "the dolphin inadvertently caught in the net"
Recent research: Images on Wikipedia "amplify gender bias"
In the media: The Scottish Parliament gets involved, a wikirace on live TV, and the Foundation's CTO goes on record
Obituary: Vami_IV
Traffic report: Supervalentinefilmbowlday
WikiCup report: High-scoring WikiCup first round comes to a close * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:02, 2 March 2024 (UTC)
Books & Bytes – Issue 61
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes
Issue 61, January – February 2024
Bristol University Press and British Online Archives now available
1Lib1Ref results
Read the full newsletter
Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --16:32, 5 March 2024 (UTC)
ANI
Hello, Novo Tape,
Thank you for closing a discussion at ANI but if you do so again in the future, please put {{nac}} tag which will put (non-admin closure) by your name. Thank you! Liz Read! Talk! 04:10, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
Liz, my bad! I usually do but it must have slipped my mind. Thanks for the reminder! Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 14:55, 12 March 2024 (UTC)
RFA2024 update: no longer accepting new proposals in phase I
Hey there! This is to let you know that phase I of the 2024 requests for adminship (RfA) review is now no longer accepting new proposals. Lots of proposals remain open for discussion, and the current round of review looks to be on a good track towards making significant progress towards improving RfA's structure and environment. I'd like to give my heartfelt thanks to everyone who has given us their idea for change to make RfA better, and the same to everyone who has given the necessary feedback to improve those ideas. The following proposals remain open for discussion:
Proposal 2, initiated by HouseBlaster, provides for the addition of a text box at Wikipedia:Requests for adminship reminding all editors of our policies and enforcement mechanisms around decorum.
Proposals 3 and 3b, initiated by Barkeep49 and Usedtobecool, respectively, provide for trials of discussion-only periods at RfA. The first would add three extra discussion-only days to the beginning, while the second would convert the first two days to discussion-only.
Proposal 5, initiated by SilkTork, provides for a trial of RfAs without threaded discussion in the voting sections.
Proposals 6c and 6d, initiated by BilledMammal, provide for allowing users to be selected as provisional admins for a limited time through various concrete selection criteria and smaller-scale vetting.
Proposal 7, initiated by Lee Vilenski, provides for the "General discussion" section being broken up with section headings.
Proposal 9b, initiated by Reaper Eternal, provides for the requirement that allegations of policy violation be substantiated with appropriate links to where the alleged misconduct occured.
Proposals 12c, 21, and 21b, initiated by City of Silver, Ritchie333, and HouseBlaster, respectively, provide for reducing the discretionary zone, which currently extends from 65% to 75%. The first would reduce it 65%–70%, the second would reduce it to 50%–66%, and the third would reduce it to 60%–70%.
Proposal 13, initiated by Novem Lingaue, provides for periodic, privately balloted admin elections.
Proposal 14, initiated by Kusma, provides for the creation of some minimum suffrage requirements to cast a vote.
Proposals 16 and 16c, initiated by Thebiguglyalien and Soni, respectively, provide for community-based admin desysop procedures. 16 would desysop where consensus is established in favor at the administrators' noticeboard; 16c would allow a petition to force reconfirmation.
Proposal 16e, initiated by BilledMammal, would extend the recall procedures of 16 to bureaucrats.
Proposal 17, initiated by SchroCat, provides for "on-call" admins and 'crats to monitor RfAs for decorum.
Proposal 18, initiated by theleekycauldron, provides for lowering the RfB target from 85% to 75%.
Proposal 24, initiated by SportingFlyer, provides for a more robust alternate version of the optional candidate poll.
Proposal 25, initiated by Femke, provides for the requirement that nominees be extended-confirmed in addition to their nominators.
Proposal 27, initiated by WereSpielChequers, provides for the creation of a training course for admin hopefuls, as well as periodic retraining to keep admins from drifting out of sync with community norms.
Proposal 28, initiated by HouseBlaster, tightens restrictions on multi-part questions.
To read proposals that were closed as unsuccessful, please see Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I/Closed proposals. You are cordially invited once again to participate in the open discussions; when phase I ends, phase II will review the outcomes of trial proposals and refine the implementation details of other proposals. Another notification will be sent out when this phase begins, likely with the first successful close of a major proposal. Happy editing! theleekycauldron (talk • she/her), via:
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:53, 14 March 2024 (UTC)
hey novo help me in adding photo in my page please
hey Dipak8961 (talk) 05:45, 17 March 2024 (UTC)
add quick facts option in my page after that I will add information in it
. Dipak8961 (talk) 05:49, 17 March 2024 (UTC)
The Signpost: 29 March 2024
Technology report: Millions of readers still seeing broken pages as "temporary" disabling of graph extension nears its second year
Interview: Interview on Wikimedia Foundation fundraising and finance strategy
Special report: 19-page PDF accuses Wikipedia of bias against Israel, suggests editors be forced to reveal their real names, and demands a new feature allowing people to view the history of Wikipedia articles
Op-Ed: Wikipedia in the age of personality-driven knowledge
Recent research: "Newcomer Homepage" feature mostly fails to boost new editors
News and notes: Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter ratified
In the media: "For me it’s the autism": AARoad editors on the fork more traveled
Traffic report: He rules over everything, on the land called planet Dune
Humour: Letters from the editors
Comix: Layout issue * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:40, 29 March 2024 (UTC)
Women in Red April 2024
Women in Red | April 2024, Volume 10, Issue 4, Numbers 293, 294, 302, 303, 304
Online events:
New: Alphabet run S & T | Gender studies | Health
Continuing: #1day1woman | Education (year-long initiative)
Announcements
The second round of "One biography a week" begins in April as part of #1day1woman.
Tip of the month:
If you run into technical problems, you might find help on our Tools and technical support page
Other ways to participate:
Become a member. You can always opt-out of notifications.
Join the conversations on our talkpage.
Help us plan future events and add any general ideas on developing the project.
Follow us on social media:
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--Lajmmoore (talk 19:43, 30 March 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging
Concern regarding Draft:James Heaton
Hello, Dilettante. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:James Heaton, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.
If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.
Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 19:05, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
ITN recognition for Maryse Condé
On 9 April 2024, In the news was updated with an item that involved the article Maryse Condé, which you nominated. If you know of another recently created or updated article suitable for inclusion in ITN, please suggest it on the candidates page. Stephen 23:10, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
ITN recognition for John Barth
On 10 April 2024, In the news was updated with an item that involved the article John Barth, which you nominated. If you know of another recently created or updated article suitable for inclusion in ITN, please suggest it on the candidates page. SpencerT•C 04:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC)
The Core Contest has now begun!
The Core Contest has now begun! Evaluate your article's current state, gather sources, and have at it! You have until May 31 (23:59 UTC) to make eligible changes; although you are most welcome (and encouraged) to continue work on the article, changes after May 31 will not be considered for rankings and their prizes. Good luck and happy editing! Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24. – Aza24 (talk) 03:36, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
If you wish to start or stop receiving news about The Core Contest, please add or remove yourself from the delivery list.
Concern regarding Draft:Phenomenology (literature)
Hello, Dilettante. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Phenomenology (literature), a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.
If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.
Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 18:06, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
Concern regarding Draft:Translations of James Joyce
Hello, Dilettante. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Translations of James Joyce, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.
If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.
Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 19:05, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
Books & Bytes – Issue 62
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes
Issue 62, March – April 2024
IEEE and Haaretz now available
Let's Connect Clinics about The Wikipedia Library
Spotlight and Wikipedia Library tips
Read the full newsletter
Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --11:03, 23 April 2024 (UTC)
The Signpost: 25 April 2024
In the media: Censorship and wikiwashing looming over RuWiki, edit wars over San Francisco politics and another wikirace on live TV
News and notes: A sigh of relief for open access as Italy makes a slight U-turn on their cultural heritage reproduction law
WikiConference report: WikiConference North America 2023 in Toronto recap
WikiProject report: WikiProject Newspapers (Not WP:NOTNEWS)
Recent research: New survey of over 100,000 Wikipedia users
Traffic report: O.J., cricket and a three body problem * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:49, 25 April 2024 (UTC)
Women in Red May 2024
Women in Red | May 2024, Volume 10, Issue 5, Numbers 293, 294, 305, 306, 307
Online events:
New: Press women | Alphabet run U, V & W | Central and Eastern Europe
Continuing: #1day1woman | Education (year-long initiative)
Announcements from other communities
Wikimedia CEE Spring 2024 - contest with certificates of participation and prizes
The Wikipedia Library: #1Lib1Ref - May 15th to June 5th
Tip of the month:
Use open-access references wherever possible, but a paywalled reliable source is better than none, particularly for biographies of living people.
Other ways to participate:
Become a member. You can always opt-out of notifications.
Join the conversations on our talkpage.
Help us plan future events and add any general ideas on developing the project.
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--Lajmmoore (talk 06:17, 28 April 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging
Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C
You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki. Please help translate to other languages.
Dear Wikimedian,
You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process.
This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.
The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the U4C Charter.
Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.
On behalf of the UCoC project team,
RamzyM (WMF) 23:09, 2 May 2024 (UTC)
RFA2024 update: phase I concluded, phase II begins
Hi there! Phase I of the Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review has concluded, with several impactful changes gaining community consensus and proceeding to various stages of implementation. Some proposals will be implemented in full outright; others will be discussed at phase II before being implemented; and still others will proceed on a trial basis before being brought to phase II. The following proposals have gained consensus:
Proposals 2 and 9b (phase II discussion): Add a reminder of civility norms at RfA and Require links for claims of specific policy violations
Proposal 3b (in trial): Make the first two days discussion-only
Proposal 13 (in trial): Admin elections
Proposal 14 (implemented): Suffrage requirements
Proposals 16 and 16c (phase II discussion): Allow the community to initiate recall RfAs and Community recall process based on dewiki
Proposal 17 (phase II discussion): Have named Admins/crats to monitor infractions
Proposal 24 (phase II discussion): Provide better mentoring for becoming an admin and the RfA process
Proposal 25 (implemented): Require nominees to be extended confirmed
See the project page for a full list of proposals and their outcomes. A huge thank-you to everyone who has participated so far :) looking forward to seeing lots of hard work become a reality in phase II. theleekycauldron (talk), via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:09, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
CS1 error on Bernard Pivot
Hello, I'm Qwerfjkl (bot). I have automatically detected that this edit performed by you, on the page Bernard Pivot, may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows:
A bare URL error. References show this error when one of the URL-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. (Fix | Ask for help)
Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can report it to my operator.
Thanks, Qwerfjkl (bot) (talk) 00:43, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
The Core Contest is halfway through!
Hello Core Contest participants, we've officially hit the halfway mark! With just over three weeks remaining until the May 31 deadline (23:59 UTC), it's time to ramp up our efforts. Remember, Wikipedia wants to be edited!
Now is a good time to set goals for your article: What section needs the most improvement? Which sources remain unused? How can you best spend your time? Good luck and happy editing! Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24. – Aza24 (talk) 02:28, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
If you wish to start or stop receiving news about The Core Contest, please add or remove yourself from the delivery list.
Your draft article, Draft:Phenomenology (literature)
Hello, Dilettante. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or draft page you started, "Phenomenology".
In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.
Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 18:58, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
Your draft article, Draft:Translations of James Joyce
Hello, Dilettante. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or draft page you started, "Translations of James Joyce".
In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.
Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 19:01, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
WT:DYK
So, your recent participation at that DYK thread read as pretty sarcastic/hostile/angry. What's going on? Valereee (talk) 16:36, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
Valereee, I thought the DYK error on Dr Nandipha was addressed the very same day it was removed from the main page. Why is it referenced here again? dxneo (talk) 16:51, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
Taking this back to wt:dyk Valereee (talk) 18:05, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
@Valereee: I don't think that they crossed any lines there. If this is meant as you reaching out to a friend fine but if you don't know them IRL I would drop it. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 17:03, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
Valereee, the first comment (by time stamp, not location)—On the contrary, I expect there ... the criminal charges—was very much not meant to be sarcastic, at least as I understand the term. It's not directed at any person; I composed it with regards to comments I'd seen but don't remember the authors of. IIRC sarcasm is meant to wound or insult a person (Just referenced Webster's to be sure). Though criticizing an opinion as opposed to a person is allowed, the tone was imperfect. I apologize if you or anyone else thought it was about a specific person or persons. Either way, I've struck the offending part since it's clearly not helping matters.
Regarding the second comment, I can't find ... not a Wikipedian (which I've struck in its entirety), I apologize to Lightburst. This comment was both sarcastic and angry, as you mentioned. I'll try to maintain a civil tone towards all users in the future. It was inexcusable, but since you asked what's going on, I'll explain though I'm aware that an explanation by no means mitigates the impoliteness of my prior comments nor excuses them.
I was angry because, from my end, it looked as though they intentionally misgendered a transgender person in order to prove a point. From what I know, Lightburst has a history of sub-optimal behaviour (As do I; I'm at least that self-aware), so I called them out for it.
If you think my comments were particularly egregious, feel free to issue a block or open an ANI discussion (though I'd prefer the former over the latter since this whole Andrew Tate debacle has wasted enough editors' time).
I don't quite understand Dxneo's comment to you so if I know the answer, I can't offer it. Sincerely, Dilettante 17:52, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
I don't feel it was particularly egregious. It just seemed hostile, and as this needs to be a collaborative environment I like to check on that. Thanks for seeing the point. Valereee (talk) 18:02, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
The Signpost: 16 May 2024
News and notes: Democracy in action: multiple elections
Special report: Will the new RfA reform come to the rescue of administrators?
Arbitration report: Ruined temples for posterity to ponder over – arbitration from '22 to '24
In the media: Deadnames on the French Wikipedia, and a duel between Russian wikis
Op-Ed: Wikidata to split as sheer volume of information overloads infrastructure
Comix: Generations
Traffic report: Crawl out through the fallout, baby * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:58, 16 May 2024 (UTC)
Women in Red June 2024
Women in Red | June 2024, Volume 10, Issue 6, Numbers 293, 294, 308, 309, 310
Online events:
New: LGBTQ+ women | Wiki Loves Pride | Women in Music | Alphabet run X, Y & Z
Continuing: #1day1woman | Education (year-long initiative)
Announcements from other communities
Women in Green Good Article Edit-a-thon June 2024 - Going Back in Time
The Wikipedia Library: #1Lib1Ref - May 15th to June 5th
Tip of the month:
Find a Grave is NOT a reliable source (as it is user-generated content). It can be used to look for biographical clues.
Other ways to participate:
Become a member. You can always opt-out of notifications.
Join the conversations on our talkpage.
Help us plan future events and add any general ideas on developing the project.
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--Lajmmoore (talk 07:05, 23 May 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging
The 2024 Core Contest has ended!
The Core Contest has now ended! Thank you for your interest and efforts. Make sure that you include both a "start" and "improvement diff" on the entries page. The judges will begin delibertaing shortly and annouce the winners within the next few weeks. Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24. – Aza24 (talk) 00:04, 1 June 2024 (UTC)
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The Signpost: 8 June 2024
News and notes: Wikimedia Foundation publishes its Form 990 for fiscal year 2022-2023
Technology report: New Page Patrol receives a much-needed software upgrade
Deletion report: The lore of Kalloor
In the media: National cable networks get in on the action arguing about what the first sentence of a Wikipedia article ought to say
News from the WMF: Progress on the plan — how the Wikimedia Foundation advanced on its Annual Plan goals during the first half of fiscal year 2023-2024
Opinion: Public response to the editors of Settler Colonial Studies
Recent research: ChatGPT did not kill Wikipedia, but might have reduced its growth
Featured content: We didn't start the wiki
Essay: No queerphobia
Special report: RetractionBot is back to life!
Traffic report: Chimps, Eurovision, and the return of the Baby Reindeer
Comix: The Wikipediholic Family
Humour: Wikipedia rattled by sophisticated cyberattack of schoolboy typing "balls" in infobox
Concept: Palimpsestuous * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:27, 8 June 2024 (UTC)
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sophisticated cyberattack of schoolboy typing \"balls\" in infobox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-06-08/Humour"},{"link_name":"Palimpsestuous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-06-08/Concept"},{"link_name":"Read this Signpost in full","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost"},{"link_name":"Single-page","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/Single/2024-06-08"},{"link_name":"Unsubscribe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/Subscribe"},{"link_name":"MediaWiki message delivery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:MediaWiki_message_delivery"},{"link_name":"talk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:MediaWiki_message_delivery"},{"link_name":"reply","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/"}],"text":"Requesting removal of AWB perms[edit]I'm not using AWB as much as I expected so could I be removed from the AWB access list?Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 21:55, 17 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]Done. Please check to make sure I did it properly. I wasn't even aware there was a list, let alone adding or removing entries from it. Seemed simple enough, but you never know.--Bbb23 (talk) 13:32, 18 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nThanks! I'm no longer able to use AWB and JWB so I think it worked. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 15:50, 18 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]Teahouse host welcome[edit]Dear Novo Tape,\nThank you for volunteering as a Host at the Teahouse. Wikipedia is a community of people working together to make knowledge free. You are an important part of that effort! By joining as a Host, and by following our expectations, you are helping new users to get started here at Wikipedia, and aiding more experienced users who just have a question about how something works. We appreciate your willingness to help! \nHere are some links you may find helpful as a Host:\n\nUseful scripts you can install to make responding easier,\ntemplates to use and, of course:\nthe question forum itself.\nEditors who have signed up as hosts, but who have not contributed at the Teahouse for six months or so may be removed from the list of hosts.\n\n\nCheers, Nick Moyes (talk) 14:57, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]John Amabile[edit]No vandalism here. Please review the stub article that exists for Amabile. 65.88.88.56 (talk) 18:04, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]Sorry. I was mistaken in reverting you. I'll restore your edit now. Thanks for trying to make Wikipedia more accurate! Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:12, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nWhat's this she/her nonsense? If I am communicating with you, I shall be saying 'you'. How dare you undo my edits which are aways designed to improve style and add or correct facts. What do you actually know about the items you are 'editing'?? 82.39.166.176 (talk) 16:39, 20 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nSorry, if you look at the page history, you'd see I misclicked and undid my incorrect change. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 16:51, 20 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]Editing while logged out[edit]Hi - was that intentional, or a mistake? If the latter, you could reach out to oversight and ask to have the diffs redacted. I haven't run a check on your account or anything, I figured it out in the old-fashioned way; if I can do that, other people probably can too. It's not strictly against policy, and I don't think that you've done anything improper, so please don't interpret this as a telling off, I'm really just letting you know that it can be spotted, and that some people see it as suspicious so, you know, you might not want to do it. Cheers Girth Summit (blether) 18:17, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]I honestly have no idea what you're talking about; I don't remember editing logged-out. I just enabled email. Would it be possible for you to send me the diff over email? Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:23, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\n@Girth Summit: Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:30, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nDone. Girth Summit (blether) 18:34, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nReplied just now (sorry for the delay). Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 20:20, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nNo reply received yet. Girth Summit (blether) 22:54, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nNot sure why. It's showing up in my sent mail category. Either way, just emailed it again. Novo Tape (talk) 23:01, 19 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nThanks! Glad that was cleared up. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 14:48, 20 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]Speedy deletion nomination of User talk:Factcheckersoffical[edit]If this is the first article that you have created, you may want to read the guide to writing your first article.You may want to consider using the Article Wizard to help you create articles.A tag has been placed on User talk:Factcheckersoffical, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to have no meaningful content or history, and the text is unsalvageably incoherent. If the page you created was a test, please use the sandbox for any other experiments you would like to do.If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled \"Contest this speedy deletion\". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Escape Orbit (Talk) 17:00, 20 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 23 October 2023[edit]News and notes: Where have all the administrators gone?\nIn the media: Thirst traps, the fastest loading sites on the web, and the original collaborative writing\nGallery: Before and After: Why you don't need to know how to restore images to make massive improvements\nFeatured content: Yo, ho! Blow the man down!\nTraffic report: The calm and the storm\nNews from Diff: Sawtpedia: Giving a Voice to Wikipedia Using QR Codes\nHumour: New citation template introduced for divine revelations, drug use, and really thinking about it * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:01, 23 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red - November 2023[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk) 08:22, 26 October 2023 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]Battle of Bratačića[edit]why did you delete my edits for this battle? It is tottaly accurate. Subabsrb (talk) 22:08, 31 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]Switching the casualties to \"light\" and \"a lot bigger\" is both informal and a downgrade from the previous estimates listed. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 22:09, 31 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nThere are sources about that, and why did you remove the whole infobox of military conflict? Subabsrb (talk) 22:13, 31 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nSorry, the program I was using reverted both your edits. I'll self-revert. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 22:14, 31 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nOk, thanks Subabsrb (talk) 22:15, 31 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 6 November 2023[edit]Arbitration report: Admin bewilderingly unmasks self as sockpuppet of other admin who was extremely banned in 2015\nIn the media: UK shadow chancellor accused of ripping off WP articles for book, Wikipedians accused of being dicks by a rich man\nNews and notes: Board candidacy process posted, editors protest WMF privacy measure, sweet meetups\nOpinion: An open letter to Elon Musk\nWikiCup report: The WikiCup 2023\nNews from Wiki Ed: Equity lists on Wikipedia\nRecent research: How English Wikipedia drove out fringe editors over two decades\nFeatured content: Like putting a golf course in a historic site.\nWikidata: Evaluating qualitative systemic bias in large article sets on Wikipedia\nTraffic report: Cricket jumpscare * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 03:44, 6 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Nineteen Eighty-Four[edit]I guess that makes me O'Brien . -- Deepfriedokra (talk) 18:06, 16 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Lol. I haven't read 1984 since I was in middle school, but I guess that'd make me Charrington, doing anti-vandalism work but as an ordinary officer, not a sysop/Inner Party member. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:11, 16 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nwho would be Big Brother? the WMF? arbcom? jimbo? :) – dudhhr talkcontribssheher 22:37, 16 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nMaybe Jimbo.\nI think the ministry of peace would be the wmf, oversighters would be the ministry of truth, and arbcom would be the ministry of love.\nWho would the other nations be? I'm thinking wikipediocracy or traditional encyclopedias. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 23:05, 16 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 20 November 2023[edit]In the media: Propaganda and photos, lunatics and a lunar backup\nNews and notes: Update on Wikimedia's financial health\nTraffic report: If it bleeds, it leads\nRecent research: Canceling disputes as the real function of ArbCom\nWikimania: Wikimania 2024 scholarships * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 09:44, 20 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]More Than Scientists[edit]Novo Tape, thank you very much for the feedback on More Than Scientists, it's definitely helpful.I removed the commentary in the last paragraph of the lead, leaving a short statement supported by the two quoted descriptions from the coverage.Do you think the section on the general public's belief in climate science would be a good article on its own? It is an important part of the (on-going) history. As is, it focuses on the time period when More Than Scientists was launched, to provide context and background for that campaign. I could look at researching it further to update it to current time so it can stand on its own and then moving it out to a separate article? In the meantime I've shortened and tightened it up, and I could shorten it more if you think that would be better.(and if this response should be left somewhere other than your talk page please let me know where. Thanks!) Keystone77 (talk) 22:52, 26 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]You're welcome. Also, don't worry—this is the appropriate venue for discussing my feedback. The article Public opinion on climate change already exists, but, if you're interested, I encourage you to edit it or discuss changes on the talk page. It's worth noting the page is designated as a contentious topic, so editing it may require particular care in terms of sourcing.\nI notice that you've published your draft for review again. I'd still strongly recommend cutting down the section on Public Awareness since it's as long as the rest of the article. It's unlikely, though possible, that it will be published in the current form due to the undue weight concerns. I've added a see also link to public opinion on climate change under that section so that readers can gain more info if they'd like and the article doesn't need to include too much about public opinion. I can review the article again once you make those changes. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 17:16, 27 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nThanks again – it’s really helpful to have someone providing feedback and edits. Ok, I greatly cut down the section on public opinion (I do think it's an important section tho since it describes why climate scientists have been interested in a vehicle like More Than Scientists for speaking out – which is unusual for scientists!) The page on public opinion talks around this aspect (the public’s opinion of the scientific consensus) so I’ll work on adding the add'l detail there.\nAs for resubmitting it for review, I assumed that was the next step after addressing your comments (altho apparently not sufficiently :) – sorry if that was jumping the gun. Please let me know what you think with this draft. Thanks! Keystone77 (talk) 05:00, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\n I understand how it can be hard to trim info, but I think the article is fairly well balanced now. Don't worry about jumping the gun. It took me a long time to learn when an article is ready and how to navigate Wikipedia's numerous policies and guidelines. I'm happy to help when you err.\nI've published the draft because it looks sufficiently sourced to be an article. Thanks for working to improve Wikipedia's coverage! If you need any more help, don't hesitate to ask me or visit this forum. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 16:43, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nAddendum: It's also common practice to edit a draft after it's submitted, and there's nothing wrong with doing so. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 19:28, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Books & Bytes – Issue 59[edit]The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes\nIssue 59, September – October 2023\n\n\n\nSpotlight: Introducing a repository of anti-disinformation projects\nTech tip: Library access methods\nRead the full newsletterSent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --16:16, 27 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red December 2023[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk) 20:24, 27 November 2023 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message[edit]Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on Monday, 11 December 2023. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.\nThe Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.\nIf you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add {{NoACEMM}} to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:55, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Reverting vandalism reversion[edit]Hi! I just reverted some vandalism on Corey Perry and I think you mistakenly reverted my reversion. Granted there's a lot of vandalism going on at that article at the moment due to rumours floating around, but could you check again and see if the article is OK? Thanks! --2604:3D09:A17E:7300:1C2C:2EBA:27DC:D8E6 (talk) 19:32, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]I don't think I reverted you. Based on the page history, no-one reverted your edit. I accidentally gave you the wrong welcome template (I meant to thank you for fighting vandalism). Sorry about that! It should be fixed now Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 19:35, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nNo problem; just wanted to check. Have a great day! --2604:3D09:A17E:7300:1C2C:2EBA:27DC:D8E6 (talk) 19:38, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nYou too! Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 16:32, 29 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Submission revert[edit]Dear Novo Tape, Hello, Can you tell me why you reverted my edits on Draft:Pablo, I think I Had given better reason for declining an submission. :)~~ αvírαm|(tαlk) 18:09, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]I reverted to the first review because I edit conflicted and they were the first to review. If you'd like, I can restore your review (or you can restore it yourself). Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:09, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nPing @Zoglophie: in case they have any objections. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:11, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\nI think we edit conflicted again, @Aviram7 if you think your reason is better, please revert it to your preferred version. zoglophie•talk• 18:14, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\n@Zoglophie and Aviram7: I've reverted since no-one seems to have any objection. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 18:18, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Dear Navo and Dear @Zoglophie: Hello, Very bad! but I think first declined reason was is better declined reason from me and from also navo's declined reason., navo, Thanks for reply. Thnx :) ~~ αvírαm|(tαlk) 18:29, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]\n@Aviram7: I've already filled the page history so I won't edit it further. I welcome you to restore it to any version you like. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 20:50, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Starlab Space Station[edit]You've been trouted because you have reverted what appears to be this edit, but you've actually managed to restore something else, and that wasn't a great idea. But don't worry, you've managed to self revert it as everybody makes mistakes. Anyway, happy reverting! – 64andtim (talk) 19:56, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]Yeah, that was my bad. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 20:43, 30 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 4 December 2023[edit]News and notes: Beeblebrox ejected from Arbitration Committee following posts on Wikipediocracy\nIn the media: Turmoil on Hebrew Wikipedia, grave dancing, Olga's impact and inspiring Bhutanese nuns\nDisinformation report: \"Wikipedia and the assault on history\"\nIn focus: Tens of thousands of freely available sources flagged\nComix: Bold comics for a new age\nEssay: I am going to die\nFeatured content: Real gangsters move in silence\nTraffic report: And it's hard to watch some cricket, in the cold November Rain\nHumour: Mandy Rice-Davies Applies * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:09, 4 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]Jayden lopez talk page[edit]Wanted to let you know that I moved your Warning to be within the December section of their user talk. Shearonink (talk) 17:40, 6 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]Thanks! The program I'm using glitched for whatever reason. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 17:43, 6 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]November 2023 GOCE drive award[edit]Kosei Eguchi[edit]Hello. I'd like to ask why did you revert changes here? Kosei Egichi was indeed a woman... SunshineRays125 (talk) 17:29, 8 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]@SunshineRays125 This source states Eguchi is male. If you can provide two sources stating they're female, or one more in-depth/more reliable source, I'll self-revert. Sincerely, Novo Tape (She/Her)My Talk Page 17:38, 8 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]Closing[edit]About \"Despite the multiple discussions, none were formally closed...\", I thought I'd drop by and saying that formal closing (=boxing up) and summary statements are pretty rare, and they're not really necessary. The important thing is whether editors agree; the rest is for convenience (mostly, the convenience of later editors who just want to know the result and don't want to read the whole thing).BTW, if you're interested in pharmaceuticals, you might want to put Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine and Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology on your watchlist. WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:58, 11 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]WhatamIdoing. Sorry for the (extremely) late response but I've been inactive the past month due to a personal matter. I think I wrote that line in reference to When a discussion involves many people and the outcome is not clear, it may be necessary to formally close the discussion from WP:CLD as well as another page specifically about policy/guideline changes (though for the life of me I can't remember which page that is or what it said). Either way, thanks for letting me know that closure isn't common.\nFor now, I expect most of my content creation to be under the purview of WikiProject Novels, but I'll keep your suggestion in mind for the future. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 16:44, 11 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nNo worries. Welcome back! WhatamIdoing (talk) 18:00, 11 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 24 December 2023[edit]Special report: Did the Chinese Communist Party send astroturfers to sabotage a hacktivist's Wikipedia article?\nNews and notes: The Italian Public Domain wars continue, Wikimedia RU set to dissolve, and a recap of WLM 2023\nIn the media: Consider the humble fork\nDiscussion report: Arabic Wikipedia blackout; Wikimedians discuss SpongeBob, copyrights, and AI\nIn focus: Liquidation of Wikimedia RU\nTechnology report: Dark mode is coming\nRecent research: \"LLMs Know More, Hallucinate Less\" with Wikidata\nGallery: A feast of holidays and carols\nComix: Lollus lmaois 200C tincture\nCrossword: when the crossword is sus\nTraffic report: What's the big deal? I'm an animal!\nFrom the editor: A piccy iz worth OVAR 9000!!!11oneone! wordz ^_^\nApocrypha: Local editor discovered 1,380 lost subheadings in ancient Signpost scrolls. And what he found was shocking.\nHumour: Guess the joke contest\nBJAODN: Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 09:58, 24 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]メリークリスマス！ (Merry Christmas)[edit]🛧Midori No Sora♪🛪 ( ☁＝☁＝✈) 05:21, 25 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]Thank you for participating in AfC November 2023 Backlog Drive[edit]Happy holidays![edit]– robertsky (talk) is wishing you Happy Holidays! This greeting (and season) promotes WikiLove and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user Happy Holidays, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Happy New Year! \nSpread the cheer by adding {{subst:Happy holidays}} to their talk page with a friendly message.– robertsky (talk) 06:51, 25 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]Merry Christmas![edit]~ ~ ~ Merry Christmas! ~ ~ ~\nHello Novo Tape: Enjoy the holiday season and winter solstice if it's occurring in your area of the world, and thanks for your work to maintain, improve and expand Wikipedia. Cheers, --Dustfreeworld (talk) 10:50, 25 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red January 2024[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk) 20:17, 28 December 2023 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]Request on 02:46:02, 3 January 2024 for assistance on AfC submission by Wikibobdobbs[edit]Wikibobdobbs (talk · contribs)\n\nDraft:Mask Bloc (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs)Hi, I would like assistance in the creation of a Wikipedia page for Mask Blocs. It's my first submitted page and it's a subject that doesn't have a lot of media coverage. So far there is only around 3-4 articles on it from scientific journals or newspapers but Mask Blocs are widely used by people to get free masks and more Mask Blocs are being started by communities every month.Wikibobdobbs (talk) 02:46, 3 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]Wikibobdobbs I'm busy right now, but I can work on expanding the draft sometime in the next week. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 17:19, 11 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nOk, Thank you! I tried finding history on Mask Blocs to add them but I couldn't find anything old since they're very new. Maybe the article about them in oregon could be listed in the history section as one of the first published instances of Mask Blocs? Wikibobdobbs (talk) 20:43, 13 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nHey any update on availability to help me create the Mask Blocs page? Many more Mask Blocs have started, there's now over 100 active Mask Blocs and almost 100 covid\\longcovid advocacy groups and clean air blocs. Wikibobdobbs (talk) 02:27, 6 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nI'm extremely sorry! I forgot about the article. This was inexcusable, but I'll go through the article today.\nLooking through the existing sources on the article (See WP:42 for quick overview of notablity and WP:N for a more in-depth explanation):\nDecently in-depth. You'd want at least two more covering mask blocs like this to warrant an article. (See also [1])\nPassing mention of a mask bloc, mostly focuses on lifting the mandate. Does not contribute to notability.\nLike the last one, is not in-depth. Does not contribute to notability.\nDoesn't mention mask blocs.\nReasonably descriptive but not independent.\nonwards. Do not mention mask blocs.\nA search revealed a couple more sources. The author of this article has enough publications in other respected outlets that I'd just barely say it's considered reliable. That's 2/3 reliable, in-depth, independent sources. Another article from the same outlet has passing mention and doesn't contribute to establishing notability.\nI'll work on rewriting the draft and looking for more sources tonight (PST/UTC-8), when I'm no longer on mobile. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 17:18, 7 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nHaha no worries! Thank you so much for your help! Wikibobdobbs (talk) 02:16, 8 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nHere's another article on Mask Blocs https://thesicktimes.org/2024/03/12/how-mask-blocs-are-keeping-communities-safe-with-neglected-government-stockpiles/ this publication is an independent paper started by journalists who write for various big papers and the author of this article has written articles for The Guardian, The NYT, Fortune, and The New Yorker. https://muckrack.com/brittanyshoot Wikibobdobbs (talk) 19:46, 12 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nI'm really sorry for not informing you about this but I've been busy over the past few days. However, I've updated the draft to comply with Wikipedia's various pages and guidelines today. I understand it looks short, but that's because mask blocs unfortunately haven't received enough coverage to warrant a larger article. Please make any necessary changes if I've introduced an error. If you'd like to know why I added/removed/reworded something, feel free to ask.\nIf you'd like, I can publish the draft. The article won't appear on search engines until six months have elapsed or it's been reviewed independently, whichever happens first (unfortunately the backlog is very long and growing, so it's likely to be at least a month till it appears). Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 00:59, 14 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nWikibobdobbs pinging. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 00:59, 14 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nOk thank you! Yes, please publish the draft :) Wikibobdobbs (talk) 01:01, 14 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nWikibobdobbs, done! Please let me know if you need anything else. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 01:08, 14 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nSee Mask Bloc. Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 01:09, 14 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 10 January 2024[edit]From the editor: NINETEEN MORE YEARS! NINETEEN MORE YEARS!\nSpecial report: Public Domain Day 2024\nTechnology report: Wikipedia: A Multigenerational Pursuit\nNews and notes: In other news ... see ya in court!\nIn focus: The long road of a featured article candidate\nIn the media: What is plagiarism? Oklahoma Disneyland? Reaching a human being at Wikipedia?\nWikiProject report: WikiProjects Israel and Palestine\nObituary: Anthony Bradbury\nTraffic report: The most viewed articles of 2023\nCrossword: everybody gangsta till the style sheets start cascading\nComix: Conflict resolution * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 12 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]CS1 error on Hart Crane[edit]Hello, I'm Qwerfjkl (bot). I have automatically detected that this edit performed by you, on the page Hart Crane, may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows:A \"bare URL and missing title\" error. References show this error when they do not have a title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. (Fix | Ask for help)Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can report it to my operator.\nThanks, Qwerfjkl (bot) (talk) 18:36, 22 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]Disambiguation link notification for January 23[edit]Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Miss Scarlet and The Duke, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Flashback. Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ • Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, --DPL bot (talk) 05:49, 23 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]Books & Bytes – Issue 60[edit]The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes\nIssue 60, November – December 2023\n\n\n\nThree new partners\nGoogle Scholar integration\nHow to track partner suggestions\nRead the full newsletterSent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --13:36, 24 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red February 2024[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk 20:09, 28 January 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]The Signpost: 31 January 2024[edit]News and notes: Wikipedian Osama Khalid celebrated his 30th birthday in jail\nOpinion: Until it happens to you\nDisinformation report: How paid editors squeeze you dry\nIn the media: Katherine Maher new NPR CEO, go check Wikipedia, race in the race\nIn focus: The long road of a featured article candidate, part 2\nRecent research: Croatian takeover was enabled by \"lack of bureaucratic openness and rules constraining [admins]\"\nComix: We've all got to start somewhere\nTraffic report: DJ, gonna burn this goddamn house right down * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:14, 31 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 13 February 2024[edit]News and notes: Wikimedia Russia director declared \"foreign agent\" by Russian gov; EU prepares to pile on the papers\nDisinformation report: How low can the scammers go?\nGallery: Before and After: Why you don't need to touch grass to dramatically improve images of flora and fauna\nIn the media: Speaking in tongues, toeing the line, and dressing the part\nSerendipity: Is this guy the same as the one who was a Nazi?\nTraffic report: Griselda, Nikki, Carl, Jannik and two types of football\nCrossword: Our crossword to bear\nComix: Strongly * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 04:36, 13 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red March 2024[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk 20:23, 25 February 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]Scripts++ Newsletter – Issue 24[edit]Hello everyone, and welcome to the 24th issue of the Wikipedia Scripts++ Newsletter, covering all our favorite new and updated user scripts since 24 December 2021. Uh-huh, we're finally covering the good ones among the rest! Aren't you excited? Remember to include a link in double brackets to the script's .js page when you install the script, so that we can see who uses the script in WhatLinksHere! The ScriptInstaller gadget automatically does this. Aaron Liu (talk) 01:00, 1 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]\n Got anything good? Tell us about your new, improved, old, or messed-up script here!\n\n\n Featured script[edit]\nMaking user scripts load faster by SD0001 is this month's featured script, which caches userscripts every day to eliminate the overhead caused by force-downloading the newest version of scripts every time you open a Wikipedia page. Despite being released in April 2021, our best script scouters have failed to locate it due to its omission from the US of L. For security reasons, the script only supports loading JavaScript pages.\n Newly maintained scripts[edit]\nAfter earthly attempts at improving the original have failed...\n\nAaron Liu has created What redirects here from Guarapiranga/WhatRedirectsHere; his fork includes support for every MediaWiki wiki, corrected link positions, an access key, and some rudimentary translation.\nAhecht has created a fork of SiBr4/TemplateSearch, which adds the \"TP:\" shortcut for \"Template:\" in the search box, and updated it to be compatible with Vector 2022.\nAquilaFasciata/goToTopFast is a much faster fork of the classic goToTop script that also adds compatibility for Minerva and Vector 2022.\nMesidast/Tidy citations is a fork of Meteor sandwich yum/Tidy citations is a fork of Waldyrious/formatcitations. It configurably harmonizes whitespace and cleans up parameters in citation templates, descriptive edit summary included.\n\n\n\nWithout caching. Each script takes 400–500ms. A particularly large script takes 1.11 s! Internet download speed is 50 Mbps.\nWith caching enabled. Each script takes just 1-2 ms to load.\n\n\n\n\n Improve a script[edit]\nUnfortunately, this section has remained nearly identical. Help us out here!\n\nMany of our favorite scripts such as Fred Gandt/userResourceManager, Guarapiranga/search-shortcuts and Bradv/Superlinks haven't been updated for Vector 2022. You could be the one to change that!\nElominius/media timer works, but its UI looks alien. Someone could improve it...\nTo a lesser extent, the same goes for PrimeHunter/Search sort. I wish someone would integrate the sorts into the sort menu instead of adding 11 portlet links.\nWe want...\n...a mark-as-read button and watchlist notices support for Aaron Liu/Watchlyst Greybar Unsin\n...a tool to automatically fix CAT:BROKENREFs, preferably a fork/addition to TheJJJunk/ARA\n...a fix/fork of DannyS712/SectionRemover to make it work\n Requested scripts[edit]\nA simple script to second or archive proposed deletions\nA script to auto-expand V22 ToC sections like this demo\nA WP:3O response tool that can automatically remove the relevant request from the 3O dashboard\nA byte filter to be split from Nux/LongTableFilters\n...and many more, all available at Wikipedia:User scripts/Requests\n\n New scripts[edit]\nDannyS712/AbuseFilterMessageLinks add links to the \"warn\" and \"disallow\" messages in edit filters.\nDiegodlh/Web2Cit/script adds an option to use m:Web2Cit (which WP:ProveIt also uses) instead of mw:Citoid to generate citations in the Visual Editor.\nDragoniez/SuppressEnterInForm stops you from accidentally submitting anything due to pressing enter while in the smaller box, and works on almost anything... except the InputBox element itself, used in subscription lists and the Signpost Crossword! Oh, the humanity!\nDoǵu/Adiutor (pictured) provides a nice, integrated interface to do some twinkley tasks such as copyvio detection, CSD tagging, and viewing the most recent diff.\nEejit43 has quite the aesthetically pleasing scripts, all made in TypeScript.\n/afcrc-helper is a replacement for the unmaintained Enterprisey/AFCRHS and processes Redirects for Creation and Categories for Creation requests.\n/ajax-undo stops the \"undo\" button from taking you to another page while providing a text box to provide a reason for the revert.\n/redirect-helper (pictured) adds a much better interface for editing and redirects, including categorization, for which valid categories are dictated by /redirect-helper.json.\n/rmtr-helper helps process technical requested moves without being able to actually move them.\nGuycn2/UserInfoPopup (pictured) adds a flyout after the watchlist star on userspace pages that displays the common information you might use about a user.\nJeeputer/editCounter, under userspace, adds a portlet link to count your edits by namespace, put them in a table, and put that table in a hardcoded subpage, all in the background.\nHilst/Scripts/sectionLinks converts all section links to use the § sign, which are known to be preferred over the ugly # by 99% of the devils I've met.\nMoonythedwarf/extra-unreliable highlights phrases commonly used in spammed and POV'd paragraphs.\nNguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/FormattedEditRequest (pictured) generates a wikitext-formatted diff view of any changes you've made that you can copy and paste anywhere.\nPrimeHunter/Category source.js adds portlet links to tell you where a category for an article comes from and supports those from template transclusions.\nQwerfjkl/massCFD creates mass WP:CfD nominations.\nRublov/refspace highlights footnote spacing errors in red.\nSophivorus's MiniEdit adds some nice, li'l buttons next to paragraphs to edit their wikitext with a minimal interface.\nEdit-listings[edit]\nDragoniez/ToollinkTweaks adds more and customizable links next to users in page history, logs, watchlist, recent changes, etc.\nFirefly/more-block-info optimizes the display of rangeblocks in contribution pages. Doesn't work outside the English locale of any wiki, unfortunately.\nIngenuity/AbuseFilterContribs adds the edit filters that an edit tripped (if any) to a user's contributions page.\nNardog/ExamineMore makes it so the paging at Special:AbuseFilter/examine actually works, pending a fix to T292764.\nNguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/AjaxLoader makes paging links (e.g. older 50, 500, newest) load without refreshing and makes you realize how slow your internet actually is.\nAppearance-ricing[edit]\nAhecht/RedirectID adds the redirect target to all redirects. For all the WP:NAVPOPS haters. (Do these exist?)\nDragoniez/MarkBLockedGlobal: Remember the \"strike blocked usernames\" gadget? Now you can use a red, dotted line to highlight rangeblocks and global locks!\nGhostInTheMachine/GraphicReplyLink replaces the [ reply ] link with 💬, which is some sort of rainy cloud I guess?[Joke]\nJonesey/common (pictured) has some styles to overhaul your Vector 2022 experience. It reduces padding everywhere, and makes the top bar animation faster.\nAaron Liu/V22 is a fork that narrows the sidebars instead of upheaving them, reverts the January 2024 dropdown changes, and restores the old page-link color for links that don't go outside the current wiki.\nNardog: SmartDiff is a spiritual successor to Enterprisey/fancy-diffs. It makes the page title part of links in diffs clickable, along with template and parser function calls. Unnamed parameters can be configured per template to also be linked. All links are styled based on the normal CSS classes of rendered links.\nPhlsph7/ClassicalTOC (Vector 2022) reinserts the inline table of contents to pages under Vector 2022.\nFor the paranoid: Rublov/anonymize replaces your username at the top of the screen with the generic \"User page\" text. Remember, it is your duty to persuade everyone that editing is an honor.\nSideswipe9th/Vector 2022 Floating Tools Menu moves the Page Tools menu to the left and makes it float along with the table of contents.\nSm8ps/SectionEditing makes pressing Tab ↹ toggle the visibility of the tiny [ edit ] links next to section headings.. Not a great name, eh?\nThe wub/tocExpandAll adds a button on top of the floating ToC to expand or collapse subheadings.\nPermissions required![edit]\nAhecht/potd-helper: A script to post the picture of the day. A powerful upgrade for your mop.\nDragoniez\n/AjaxBlock provides a dialog box for easy input of reasons while blocking users.\n/Selective Rollback (pictured) provides a dialog box to customize rollback edit summaries and does them without reloading the page. Seriously, why doesn't MediaWiki already do this?\nTheleekycauldron/DYK promoter automates (nearly) all the work needed to post a DYK hook.\nQOL shortcuts[edit]\nBrandonXLF/SVGEditor lets you edit any file that is an SVG, straight from the file page.\nDanCherek/UAABotRemover adds a portlet link to enable a removal shortcut of faulty reports from Wikipedia:Usernames for administrator attention.\nDreamRimmer/BlankUserPage helps you destroy webhost-ers' hopes and dreams with a user-friendly dialog box.\nESanders (WMF)/commentlinks.js adds a \"link\" button right after the \"reply\" button while the WMF struggles to reach feature parity with Convenient Discussions.\nIsaacl/copy-comment-link-to-clipboard does exactly what you'd think it does, but in Wikitext.\nFenrisAureus/SimpleStatus adds a shortcut at the top to edit your /Status subpage while providing a pre-made template.\nFred Gandt/addCloneClearButtonAboveScributoConsole: What a mouthful! Yet all it does (no offense) is add another Clear button on top of the Lua module debug console.\nGuarapiranga/GlobalWatchlistLink adds a link to metawiki:Special:GlobalWatchlist next to the normal watchlist.\nNardog\nPasteToCommons adds a paste handler to upload the pasted image to Wikimedia Commons.\nUnpipe tries to detect violations of WP:NOPIPE and fix them as much as possible.\nOhconfucius/tometricunits automatically adds unit conversions of imperial units in brackets after their uses per MOS:UNITS.\nSuntooooth\n/flickrsearch adds a portlet link to search for uploadable flickr images about the subject.\n/randomincategory adds a portlet link when on Category pages to go to a random page in the current category.\nVghfr/EasyTemplates adds a portlet link to automatically insert some of the most common inline {{fix}} templates.\nYes, we're just doing 'em as we go now. Thanks for reading through this looong issue, if you did! I'm sure this'll send a record for the longest issue ev-ah. You may need to wait even longer for the last issue, as our reserve of old-y and goodie scripts have ran out... We encourage you to try and do some of the requests or improvement tasks. See you in Summer, hopefully! \n\n\n\nAbout the newsletter\nArchive\nSubscription options\nDiscuss this issueMediaWiki message delivery (talk) 02:37, 1 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 2 March 2024[edit]News and notes: Wikimedia enters US Supreme court hearings as \"the dolphin inadvertently caught in the net\"\nRecent research: Images on Wikipedia \"amplify gender bias\"\nIn the media: The Scottish Parliament gets involved, a wikirace on live TV, and the Foundation's CTO goes on record\nObituary: Vami_IV\nTraffic report: Supervalentinefilmbowlday\nWikiCup report: High-scoring WikiCup first round comes to a close * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:02, 2 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]Books & Bytes – Issue 61[edit]The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes\nIssue 61, January – February 2024\n\n\n\nBristol University Press and British Online Archives now available\n1Lib1Ref results\nRead the full newsletterSent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --16:32, 5 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]ANI[edit]Hello, Novo Tape,Thank you for closing a discussion at ANI but if you do so again in the future, please put {{nac}} tag which will put (non-admin closure) by your name. Thank you! Liz Read! Talk! 04:10, 12 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]Liz, my bad! I usually do but it must have slipped my mind. Thanks for the reminder! Sincerely, Novo TapeMy Talk Page 14:55, 12 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]RFA2024 update: no longer accepting new proposals in phase I[edit]Hey there! This is to let you know that phase I of the 2024 requests for adminship (RfA) review is now no longer accepting new proposals. Lots of proposals remain open for discussion, and the current round of review looks to be on a good track towards making significant progress towards improving RfA's structure and environment. I'd like to give my heartfelt thanks to everyone who has given us their idea for change to make RfA better, and the same to everyone who has given the necessary feedback to improve those ideas. The following proposals remain open for discussion:Proposal 2, initiated by HouseBlaster, provides for the addition of a text box at Wikipedia:Requests for adminship reminding all editors of our policies and enforcement mechanisms around decorum.\nProposals 3 and 3b, initiated by Barkeep49 and Usedtobecool, respectively, provide for trials of discussion-only periods at RfA. The first would add three extra discussion-only days to the beginning, while the second would convert the first two days to discussion-only.\nProposal 5, initiated by SilkTork, provides for a trial of RfAs without threaded discussion in the voting sections.\nProposals 6c and 6d, initiated by BilledMammal, provide for allowing users to be selected as provisional admins for a limited time through various concrete selection criteria and smaller-scale vetting.\nProposal 7, initiated by Lee Vilenski, provides for the \"General discussion\" section being broken up with section headings.\nProposal 9b, initiated by Reaper Eternal, provides for the requirement that allegations of policy violation be substantiated with appropriate links to where the alleged misconduct occured.\nProposals 12c, 21, and 21b, initiated by City of Silver, Ritchie333, and HouseBlaster, respectively, provide for reducing the discretionary zone, which currently extends from 65% to 75%. The first would reduce it 65%–70%, the second would reduce it to 50%–66%, and the third would reduce it to 60%–70%.\nProposal 13, initiated by Novem Lingaue, provides for periodic, privately balloted admin elections.\nProposal 14, initiated by Kusma, provides for the creation of some minimum suffrage requirements to cast a vote.\nProposals 16 and 16c, initiated by Thebiguglyalien and Soni, respectively, provide for community-based admin desysop procedures. 16 would desysop where consensus is established in favor at the administrators' noticeboard; 16c would allow a petition to force reconfirmation.\nProposal 16e, initiated by BilledMammal, would extend the recall procedures of 16 to bureaucrats.\nProposal 17, initiated by SchroCat, provides for \"on-call\" admins and 'crats to monitor RfAs for decorum.\nProposal 18, initiated by theleekycauldron, provides for lowering the RfB target from 85% to 75%.\nProposal 24, initiated by SportingFlyer, provides for a more robust alternate version of the optional candidate poll.\nProposal 25, initiated by Femke, provides for the requirement that nominees be extended-confirmed in addition to their nominators.\nProposal 27, initiated by WereSpielChequers, provides for the creation of a training course for admin hopefuls, as well as periodic retraining to keep admins from drifting out of sync with community norms.\nProposal 28, initiated by HouseBlaster, tightens restrictions on multi-part questions.To read proposals that were closed as unsuccessful, please see Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review/Phase I/Closed proposals. You are cordially invited once again to participate in the open discussions; when phase I ends, phase II will review the outcomes of trial proposals and refine the implementation details of other proposals. Another notification will be sent out when this phase begins, likely with the first successful close of a major proposal. Happy editing! theleekycauldron (talk • she/her), via:MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:53, 14 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]hey novo help me in adding photo in my page please[edit]hey Dipak8961 (talk) 05:45, 17 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]add quick facts option in my page after that I will add information in it[edit]. Dipak8961 (talk) 05:49, 17 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 29 March 2024[edit]Technology report: Millions of readers still seeing broken pages as \"temporary\" disabling of graph extension nears its second year\nInterview: Interview on Wikimedia Foundation fundraising and finance strategy\nSpecial report: 19-page PDF accuses Wikipedia of bias against Israel, suggests editors be forced to reveal their real names, and demands a new feature allowing people to view the history of Wikipedia articles\nOp-Ed: Wikipedia in the age of personality-driven knowledge\nRecent research: \"Newcomer Homepage\" feature mostly fails to boost new editors\nNews and notes: Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter ratified\nIn the media: \"For me it’s the autism\": AARoad editors on the fork more traveled\nTraffic report: He rules over everything, on the land called planet Dune\nHumour: Letters from the editors\nComix: Layout issue * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:40, 29 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red April 2024[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk 19:43, 30 March 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]Concern regarding Draft:James Heaton[edit]Hello, Dilettante. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:James Heaton, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 19:05, 9 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]ITN recognition for Maryse Condé[edit]On 9 April 2024, In the news was updated with an item that involved the article Maryse Condé, which you nominated. If you know of another recently created or updated article suitable for inclusion in ITN, please suggest it on the candidates page. Stephen 23:10, 9 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]ITN recognition for John Barth[edit]On 10 April 2024, In the news was updated with an item that involved the article John Barth, which you nominated. If you know of another recently created or updated article suitable for inclusion in ITN, please suggest it on the candidates page. SpencerT•C 04:33, 10 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Core Contest has now begun![edit]The Core Contest has now begun! Evaluate your article's current state, gather sources, and have at it! You have until May 31 (23:59 UTC) to make eligible changes; although you are most welcome (and encouraged) to continue work on the article, changes after May 31 will not be considered for rankings and their prizes. Good luck and happy editing! Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24. – Aza24 (talk) 03:36, 15 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]If you wish to start or stop receiving news about The Core Contest, please add or remove yourself from the delivery list.Concern regarding Draft:Phenomenology (literature)[edit]Hello, Dilettante. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Phenomenology (literature), a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 18:06, 15 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]Concern regarding Draft:Translations of James Joyce[edit]Hello, Dilettante. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Translations of James Joyce, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 19:05, 15 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]Books & Bytes – Issue 62[edit]The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes\nIssue 62, March – April 2024\n\n\n\nIEEE and Haaretz now available\nLet's Connect Clinics about The Wikipedia Library\nSpotlight and Wikipedia Library tips\nRead the full newsletterSent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --11:03, 23 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 25 April 2024[edit]In the media: Censorship and wikiwashing looming over RuWiki, edit wars over San Francisco politics and another wikirace on live TV\nNews and notes: A sigh of relief for open access as Italy makes a slight U-turn on their cultural heritage reproduction law\nWikiConference report: WikiConference North America 2023 in Toronto recap\nWikiProject report: WikiProject Newspapers (Not WP:NOTNEWS)\nRecent research: New survey of over 100,000 Wikipedia users\nTraffic report: O.J., cricket and a three body problem * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:49, 25 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red May 2024[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk 06:17, 28 April 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C[edit]You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki. Please help translate to other languages.Dear Wikimedian,You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process.This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the U4C Charter.Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.On behalf of the UCoC project team,RamzyM (WMF) 23:09, 2 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]RFA2024 update: phase I concluded, phase II begins[edit]Hi there! Phase I of the Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/2024 review has concluded, with several impactful changes gaining community consensus and proceeding to various stages of implementation. Some proposals will be implemented in full outright; others will be discussed at phase II before being implemented; and still others will proceed on a trial basis before being brought to phase II. The following proposals have gained consensus:Proposals 2 and 9b (phase II discussion): Add a reminder of civility norms at RfA and Require links for claims of specific policy violations\nProposal 3b (in trial): Make the first two days discussion-only\nProposal 13 (in trial): Admin elections\nProposal 14 (implemented): Suffrage requirements\nProposals 16 and 16c (phase II discussion): Allow the community to initiate recall RfAs and Community recall process based on dewiki\nProposal 17 (phase II discussion): Have named Admins/crats to monitor infractions\nProposal 24 (phase II discussion): Provide better mentoring for becoming an admin and the RfA process\nProposal 25 (implemented): Require nominees to be extended confirmedSee the project page for a full list of proposals and their outcomes. A huge thank-you to everyone who has participated so far :) looking forward to seeing lots of hard work become a reality in phase II. theleekycauldron (talk), via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:09, 5 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]CS1 error on Bernard Pivot[edit]Hello, I'm Qwerfjkl (bot). I have automatically detected that this edit performed by you, on the page Bernard Pivot, may have introduced referencing errors. They are as follows:A bare URL error. References show this error when one of the URL-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. Please edit the article to add the appropriate title parameter to the reference. (Fix | Ask for help)Please check this page and fix the errors highlighted. If you think this is a false positive, you can report it to my operator.\nThanks, Qwerfjkl (bot) (talk) 00:43, 8 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Core Contest is halfway through![edit]Hello Core Contest participants, we've officially hit the halfway mark! With just over three weeks remaining until the May 31 deadline (23:59 UTC), it's time to ramp up our efforts. Remember, Wikipedia wants to be edited!Now is a good time to set goals for your article: What section needs the most improvement? Which sources remain unused? How can you best spend your time? Good luck and happy editing! Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24. – Aza24 (talk) 02:28, 8 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]If you wish to start or stop receiving news about The Core Contest, please add or remove yourself from the delivery list.Your draft article, Draft:Phenomenology (literature)[edit]Hello, Dilettante. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or draft page you started, \"Phenomenology\".In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 18:58, 14 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]Your draft article, Draft:Translations of James Joyce[edit]Hello, Dilettante. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or draft page you started, \"Translations of James Joyce\".In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 19:01, 14 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]WT:DYK[edit]So, your recent participation at that DYK thread read as pretty sarcastic/hostile/angry. What's going on? Valereee (talk) 16:36, 15 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]Valereee, I thought the DYK error on Dr Nandipha was addressed the very same day it was removed from the main page. Why is it referenced here again? dxneo (talk) 16:51, 15 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nTaking this back to wt:dyk Valereee (talk) 18:05, 15 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]\n@Valereee: I don't think that they crossed any lines there. If this is meant as you reaching out to a friend fine but if you don't know them IRL I would drop it. Horse Eye's Back (talk) 17:03, 15 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nValereee, the first comment (by time stamp, not location)—On the contrary, I expect there ... the criminal charges—was very much not meant to be sarcastic, at least as I understand the term. It's not directed at any person; I composed it with regards to comments I'd seen but don't remember the authors of. IIRC sarcasm is meant to wound or insult a person (Just referenced Webster's to be sure). Though criticizing an opinion as opposed to a person is allowed, the tone was imperfect. I apologize if you or anyone else thought it was about a specific person or persons. Either way, I've struck the offending part since it's clearly not helping matters.\nRegarding the second comment, I can't find ... not a Wikipedian (which I've struck in its entirety), I apologize to Lightburst. This comment was both sarcastic and angry, as you mentioned. I'll try to maintain a civil tone towards all users in the future. It was inexcusable, but since you asked what's going on, I'll explain though I'm aware that an explanation by no means mitigates the impoliteness of my prior comments nor excuses them.\nI was angry because, from my end, it looked as though they intentionally misgendered a transgender person in order to prove a point. From what I know, Lightburst has a history of sub-optimal behaviour (As do I; I'm at least that self-aware), so I called them out for it.\nIf you think my comments were particularly egregious, feel free to issue a block or open an ANI discussion (though I'd prefer the former over the latter since this whole Andrew Tate debacle has wasted enough editors' time).\nI don't quite understand Dxneo's comment to you so if I know the answer, I can't offer it. Sincerely, Dilettante 17:52, 15 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]\nI don't feel it was particularly egregious. It just seemed hostile, and as this needs to be a collaborative environment I like to check on that. Thanks for seeing the point. Valereee (talk) 18:02, 15 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]The Signpost: 16 May 2024[edit]News and notes: Democracy in action: multiple elections\nSpecial report: Will the new RfA reform come to the rescue of administrators?\nArbitration report: Ruined temples for posterity to ponder over – arbitration from '22 to '24\nIn the media: Deadnames on the French Wikipedia, and a duel between Russian wikis\nOp-Ed: Wikidata to split as sheer volume of information overloads infrastructure\nComix: Generations\nTraffic report: Crawl out through the fallout, baby * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:58, 16 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]Women in Red June 2024[edit]--Lajmmoore (talk 07:05, 23 May 2024 (UTC) via MassMessaging[reply]The 2024 Core Contest has ended![edit]The Core Contest has now ended! Thank you for your interest and efforts. Make sure that you include both a \"start\" and \"improvement diff\" on the entries page. The judges will begin delibertaing shortly and annouce the winners within the next few weeks. Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24. – Aza24 (talk) 00:04, 1 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]If you wish to start or stop receiving news about The Core Contest, please add or remove yourself from the delivery list.The Signpost: 8 June 2024[edit]News and notes: Wikimedia Foundation publishes its Form 990 for fiscal year 2022-2023\nTechnology report: New Page Patrol receives a much-needed software upgrade\nDeletion report: The lore of Kalloor\nIn the media: National cable networks get in on the action arguing about what the first sentence of a Wikipedia article ought to say\nNews from the WMF: Progress on the plan — how the Wikimedia Foundation advanced on its Annual Plan goals during the first half of fiscal year 2023-2024\nOpinion: Public response to the editors of Settler Colonial Studies\nRecent research: ChatGPT did not kill Wikipedia, but might have reduced its growth\nFeatured content: We didn't start the wiki\nEssay: No queerphobia\nSpecial report: RetractionBot is back to life!\nTraffic report: Chimps, Eurovision, and the return of the Baby Reindeer\nComix: The Wikipediholic Family\nHumour: Wikipedia rattled by sophisticated cyberattack of schoolboy typing \"balls\" in infobox\nConcept: Palimpsestuous * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:27, 8 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]","title":"User talk:Dilettante"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Ford
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Trent Ford
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["1 Early life and education","2 Career","3 Personal life","4 Filmography","5 References","6 External links"]
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American born English actor and model
Trent FordBornTrent Manley FordAkron, Ohio, U.S.Occupation(s)Actor, ModelYears active2000–present
Trent Ford is an American-born English actor and model.
Early life and education
Ford was born in Akron, Ohio. His father was a test pilot for the United States Navy, and his mother was a British Airways head stewardess from Birmingham, West Midlands. His parents met in Kuwait. He moved to the United Kingdom at the age of one with his parents and grew up in Cradley, West Midlands and Malvern, Worcestershire with his brother and two sisters. He studied English and economics at Clare College, Cambridge.
Career
Ford starred in the films Deeply (with Kirsten Dunst), Gosford Park, Slap Her... She's French (released in the U.S. as She Gets What She Wants), How to Deal (with Mandy Moore), and September Dawn (opposite Jon Voight). Ford portrayed Jean-Paul, the French boyfriend of Zoey Bartlet (Elisabeth Moss) in six episodes of the fourth season of the television drama The West Wing, and Superman's future enemy, Mr. Mxyzptlk, in the fourth season episode of Smallville titled "Jinx". He appeared as Steve in one episode of the FOX/WB sitcom Grounded for Life opposite Donal Logue and Megyn Price. He also played Benjamin Chow, the boyfriend of Kat Warbler (Lizzy Caplan's character), in five episodes of the CBS sitcom The Class. In the first season of the NBC series Life, he played Jeffrey Farmer opposite Damian Lewis.
Ford was the leading man in the global advertising campaign for the Calvin Klein perfume Eternity Moment opposite Scarlett Johansson, shot by Peter Lindbergh. Ford has also appeared in advertising campaigns for Gap, Abercrombie & Fitch, and Valentino.
In 2008, Ford starred in the love story/thriller Rez Bomb about a Lakota girl and a white boy who are very much in love but get themselves into trouble with a brutal money lender.
Ford played a vampire named Trevor in three episodes of The CW supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries. In November 2011, Ford appeared in one episode of the CW drama 90210. In March 2012, Ford filmed J. J. Abrams' CW TV pilot Shelter, portraying a British rock star named Tyler Dean.
In May 2012, Ford played the lead role, Alex, in a short film titled Shoot'er, opposite Nikki Sixx, directed by P.R. Brown.
On September 29, 2013, Ford appeared in the Season 6 premiere episode of The Mentalist on CBS.
Ford starred in Burning Blue, a military drama about two Navy fighter pilots who find themselves in the midst of a forbidden relationship, throwing their lives and careers into disarray. Lionsgate released the film on June 6, 2014.
On August 6, 2014, Sixx:A.M. premiered their music video for the single "Gotta Get It Right" off their Modern Vintage album, featuring Ford.
Ford starred with Mischa Barton in Deserted, a thriller about a road trip to Death Valley that results in getting hopelessly lost in the most stunning yet unforgiving topographical terrain on the planet.
Ford starred in Superior, a short film about a stranger passing through town who sparks a teenage girl's desire to distinguish herself from her identical twin sister. The film premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2015.
Personal life
Ford has been in a relationship with American actress and model Natalie Cohen since March 2011.
Filmography
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2000
Deeply
James
2001
Gosford Park
Jeremy Blond
2002
She Gets What She Wants
Ed Mitchell
2003
How to Deal
Macon Forrester
2005
The Island
Calvin Klein Model
2006
Park
Nathan
2006
Shark Bait
Percy (voice)
2007
September Dawn
Jonathan Samuelson
2008
Rez Bomb
Scott
2012
Shoot'er
Shoot'er
2012
Possessions
Orlando
2013
Platypus the Musical
Daniel
2014
Burning Blue
Daniel Lynch
2015
Superior
Joe
2016
Deserted
Troy
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2002–2003
The West Wing
Jean Paul
6 Episodes
2004
Smallville
Mikhail Mxyzptlk
Episode: "Jinx"
2004
Grounded for Life
Steve
Episode: "Do Ya Think I'm Sexy?"
2007
The Class
Benjamin Chow
5 Episodes
2007
Life
Jeffrey Farmer
Episode: "A Civil War"
2010–2011
The Vampire Diaries
Trevor
3 Episodes
2011
90210
Fashion Design Instructor
Episode: "Project Runaway"
2012
Shelter
Tyler Dean
Main Cast, CW TV Pilot
2013
The Mentalist
Gavin Yardley
Episode: "The Desert Rose"
References
^ "Trent Ford -- pictures, images, gallery, info, bio, gossip". mostbeautifulman.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014.
^ Rebecca Murray. "How to Deal - Trent Ford Interview". About.
^ ""Life" A Civil War (TV Episode 2007)". IMDb. 14 June 2008.
^ "Trent Ford Work and Photos - Fandango". Fandango.
^ Storm Models London. "Trent Ford". stormmodels.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
^ "Rez Bomb (2008) - Plot Summary". IMDb.
^ "Vampire Diaries' Trent Ford Joins J. J. Abrams Pilot 'Shelter'". digitalspy.com. 27 March 2012.
^ "SHOOT'ER". Kickstarter.
^ "Trent Ford". TV Guide.
^ "Burning Blue". burningbluefilm.com.
^ "Sixx:A.M. "Gotta Get It Right" Music Video". revolvermag.com.
^ "Deserted". IMDb.com.
^ "Deserted". Set Photos from "Deserted".
^ "Sundance Unveils Shorts Roster". screendaily.com.
^ "An AMAZING Angelic Love Story!!". Seen, Heard, Observed... 27 September 2011.
External links
Trent Ford at IMDb
Storm Models London: Trent Ford Portfolio
Trent Ford on X
Trent Ford on Instagram
Trent Ford Film: Burning Blue
Trent Ford Film: Rez Bomb
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Poland
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His father was a test pilot for the United States Navy, and his mother was a British Airways head stewardess from Birmingham, West Midlands. His parents met in Kuwait. He moved to the United Kingdom at the age of one with his parents and grew up in Cradley, West Midlands and Malvern, Worcestershire with his brother and two sisters. He studied English and economics at Clare College, Cambridge.[1]","title":"Early life and education"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Deeply","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deeply"},{"link_name":"Kirsten Dunst","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsten_Dunst"},{"link_name":"Gosford Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosford_Park"},{"link_name":"Slap Her... She's French","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slap_Her..._She%27s_French"},{"link_name":"How to Deal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Deal"},{"link_name":"Mandy Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandy_Moore"},{"link_name":"September Dawn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_Dawn"},{"link_name":"Jon Voight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Voight"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Zoey Bartlet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoey_Bartlet"},{"link_name":"Elisabeth Moss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Moss"},{"link_name":"The West Wing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_West_Wing_(television)"},{"link_name":"Superman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman"},{"link_name":"Mr. Mxyzptlk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Mxyzptlk"},{"link_name":"Smallville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallville"},{"link_name":"FOX","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company"},{"link_name":"WB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_WB"},{"link_name":"Grounded for Life","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grounded_for_Life"},{"link_name":"Donal Logue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donal_Logue"},{"link_name":"Megyn Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megyn_Price"},{"link_name":"Lizzy Caplan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzy_Caplan"},{"link_name":"The Class","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Class_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"NBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC"},{"link_name":"Damian Lewis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian_Lewis"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Calvin Klein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Klein"},{"link_name":"Scarlett Johansson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett_Johansson"},{"link_name":"Peter Lindbergh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Lindbergh"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Gap","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_(clothing_retailer)"},{"link_name":"Abercrombie & Fitch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch"},{"link_name":"Valentino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentino_SpA"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Rez Bomb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rez_Bomb"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"The CW","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_CW"},{"link_name":"The Vampire Diaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vampire_Diaries"},{"link_name":"90210","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90210_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"J. J. Abrams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Abrams"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Nikki Sixx","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_Sixx"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"The Mentalist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mentalist"},{"link_name":"CBS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Burning Blue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_Blue_(film)"},{"link_name":"Lionsgate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionsgate"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Sixx:A.M.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixx:A.M."},{"link_name":"Modern Vintage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Vintage"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Mischa Barton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mischa_Barton"},{"link_name":"Deserted","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserted_(2016_film)"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Sundance Film Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Ford starred in the films Deeply (with Kirsten Dunst), Gosford Park, Slap Her... She's French (released in the U.S. as She Gets What She Wants), How to Deal (with Mandy Moore), and September Dawn (opposite Jon Voight).[2] Ford portrayed Jean-Paul, the French boyfriend of Zoey Bartlet (Elisabeth Moss) in six episodes of the fourth season of the television drama The West Wing, and Superman's future enemy, Mr. Mxyzptlk, in the fourth season episode of Smallville titled \"Jinx\". He appeared as Steve in one episode of the FOX/WB sitcom Grounded for Life opposite Donal Logue and Megyn Price. He also played Benjamin Chow, the boyfriend of Kat Warbler (Lizzy Caplan's character), in five episodes of the CBS sitcom The Class. In the first season of the NBC series Life, he played Jeffrey Farmer opposite Damian Lewis.[3]Ford was the leading man in the global advertising campaign for the Calvin Klein perfume Eternity Moment opposite Scarlett Johansson, shot by Peter Lindbergh.[4] Ford has also appeared in advertising campaigns for Gap, Abercrombie & Fitch, and Valentino.[5]In 2008, Ford starred in the love story/thriller Rez Bomb about a Lakota girl and a white boy who are very much in love but get themselves into trouble with a brutal money lender.[6]Ford played a vampire named Trevor in three episodes of The CW supernatural drama The Vampire Diaries. In November 2011, Ford appeared in one episode of the CW drama 90210. In March 2012, Ford filmed J. J. Abrams' CW TV pilot Shelter, portraying a British rock star named Tyler Dean.[7]In May 2012, Ford played the lead role, Alex, in a short film titled Shoot'er, opposite Nikki Sixx, directed by P.R. Brown.[8]On September 29, 2013, Ford appeared in the Season 6 premiere episode of The Mentalist on CBS.[9]Ford starred in Burning Blue, a military drama about two Navy fighter pilots who find themselves in the midst of a forbidden relationship, throwing their lives and careers into disarray. Lionsgate released the film on June 6, 2014.[10]On August 6, 2014, Sixx:A.M. premiered their music video for the single \"Gotta Get It Right\" off their Modern Vintage album, featuring Ford.[11]Ford starred with Mischa Barton in Deserted, a thriller about a road trip to Death Valley that results in getting hopelessly lost in the most stunning yet unforgiving topographical terrain on the planet.[12][13]Ford starred in Superior, a short film about a stranger passing through town who sparks a teenage girl's desire to distinguish herself from her identical twin sister. The film premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2015.[14]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Ford has been in a relationship with American actress and model Natalie Cohen since March 2011.[15]","title":"Personal life"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Filmography"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Trent Ford -- pictures, images, gallery, info, bio, gossip\". mostbeautifulman.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140101030419/http://www.mostbeautifulman.com/actors/trentford/bio.shtml","url_text":"\"Trent Ford -- pictures, images, gallery, info, bio, gossip\""},{"url":"http://www.mostbeautifulman.com/actors/trentford/bio.shtml","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Rebecca Murray. \"How to Deal - Trent Ford Interview\". About.","urls":[{"url":"http://movies.about.com/cs/interviews/a/trentfohowtodea.htm","url_text":"\"How to Deal - Trent Ford Interview\""}]},{"reference":"\"\"Life\" A Civil War (TV Episode 2007)\". IMDb. 14 June 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1036155/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_11","url_text":"\"\"Life\" A Civil War (TV Episode 2007)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Trent Ford Work and Photos - Fandango\". Fandango.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.fandango.com/trentford/celebrityphotos/P321741","url_text":"\"Trent Ford Work and Photos - Fandango\""}]},{"reference":"Storm Models London. \"Trent Ford\". stormmodels.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110716154216/http://www.stormmodels.com/TrentFord.html?boardId=1006","url_text":"\"Trent Ford\""},{"url":"http://www.stormmodels.com/TrentFord.html?boardId=1006","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Rez Bomb (2008) - Plot Summary\". IMDb.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0909824/plotsummary?ref_=tt_ov_pl","url_text":"\"Rez Bomb (2008) - Plot Summary\""}]},{"reference":"\"Vampire Diaries' Trent Ford Joins J. J. Abrams Pilot 'Shelter'\". digitalspy.com. 27 March 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/news/a373397/vampire-diaries-trent-ford-joins-jj-abrams-pilot-shelter.html","url_text":"\"Vampire Diaries' Trent Ford Joins J. J. Abrams Pilot 'Shelter'\""}]},{"reference":"\"SHOOT'ER\". Kickstarter.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1529360883/shooter","url_text":"\"SHOOT'ER\""}]},{"reference":"\"Trent Ford\". TV Guide.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/trent-ford/credits/275658","url_text":"\"Trent Ford\""}]},{"reference":"\"Burning Blue\". burningbluefilm.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.burningbluefilm.com/","url_text":"\"Burning Blue\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sixx:A.M. \"Gotta Get It Right\" Music Video\". revolvermag.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.revolvermag.com/news/sixxa-m-premiere-new-music-video-gotta-get-it-right.html","url_text":"\"Sixx:A.M. \"Gotta Get It Right\" Music Video\""}]},{"reference":"\"Deserted\". IMDb.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2461030/","url_text":"\"Deserted\""}]},{"reference":"\"Deserted\". Set Photos from \"Deserted\".","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ashleyavis.net/","url_text":"\"Deserted\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sundance Unveils Shorts Roster\". screendaily.com.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.screendaily.com/festivals/sundance/sundance-news/sundance-unveils-shorts-roster/5080838.article?referrer=RSS","url_text":"\"Sundance Unveils Shorts Roster\""}]},{"reference":"\"An AMAZING Angelic Love Story!!\". Seen, Heard, Observed... 27 September 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://laramblings.wordpress.com/2011/09/27/an-amazing-angelic-love-story/","url_text":"\"An AMAZING Angelic Love Story!!\""}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team
|
2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team
|
["1 Preview","2 Roster","2.1 Signees","2.2 2010–11 team recruits","3 Rankings","4 Season","4.1 Preconference","4.2 Conference","5 Schedule","6 Statistics","7 Individual Honors","8 Team players drafted into the NBA","9 See also","10 External links","11 Notes"]
|
American college basketball season
2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's basketballConferenceBig Ten ConferenceRecord15–17 (7–11 Big Ten)Head coachJohn BeileinAssistant coaches
Jerry Dunn (Jeff Meyer interim replacement)
Mike Jackson
John Mahoney
MVPManny HarrisMVPDeShawn SimsCaptains
Manny Harris
DeShawn Sims
Zack Novak
Home arenaCrisler ArenaSeasons← 2008–092010–11 →
2009–10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings
vte
Conf
Overall
Team
W
L
PCT
W
L
PCT
No. 5 Ohio State†
14
–
4
.778
29
–
8
.784
No. 10 Purdue
14
–
4
.778
29
–
6
.829
No. 13 Michigan State
14
–
4
.778
28
–
9
.757
No. 16 Wisconsin
13
–
5
.722
24
–
9
.727
Illinois
10
–
8
.556
21
–
15
.583
Minnesota
9
–
9
.500
21
–
14
.600
Northwestern
7
–
11
.389
20
–
14
.588
Michigan
7
–
11
.389
15
–
17
.469
Indiana
4
–
14
.222
10
–
21
.323
Iowa
4
–
14
.222
10
–
22
.313
Penn State
3
–
15
.167
11
–
20
.355
† 2010 Big Ten tournament winnerAs of April 3, 2010Rankings from AP Poll
The 2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan during the 2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by John Beilein and played its home games in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the Crisler Arena, which has a capacity of 13,751, for the forty-third consecutive year. This season marked the team's ninety-third consecutive year as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The team finished the season with a 15–17 overall record and a 7–11 conference record, which was tied for seventh in the conference standings. It was seeded eighth in the single-elimination 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament where it advanced one round. On October 16, Michigan was one of five Big Ten schools to begin its season by celebrating Midnight Madness.
Following the University of Michigan basketball scandal, the team had completed serving a scholarship probation imposed in 2003 two years earlier. During the probation, the team had had only twelve scholarships to offer instead of the usual thirteen. However, Michigan continued to be prohibited from affiliation with implicated athletes (Chris Webber, Robert Traylor, Maurice Taylor, and Louis Bullock) until 2012, which meant, among other things, that the players could not help the university recruit. The team was expected to finish between third and fifth in the conference by most expert pollings. The team was led by a pair of Wooden Award preseason watchlist nominees: Manny Harris and DeShawn Sims. Harris, Sims and Zack Novak served as team captains.
The team won two of its first three games against ranked opponents (Connecticut and Ohio State). However, the season was a disappointment that included two buzzer-beater losses to conference co-champions Ohio State and Michigan State on field goals by 2010 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year Evan Turner and 2009 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year Kalin Lucas. After starting the season 3–0, the team never again won three games in a row. The team was nationally ranked to start the season, but never reappeared in the national polls after the third week of the season. Michigan ended the year with a 7–11 conference record (tied for seventh) and a 15–17 overall regular season record. Turner's buzzer-beater came in the second round of the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament in which the eighth-seeded Wolverines lost by a point to the top-seeded Buckeyes.
At the conclusion of the regular season, Sims and Harris were named to the 2nd and 3rd All-Big Ten teams, respectively, by both conference coaches and the media. Following the Big Ten tournament both players were recognized as 2nd-team All-District selections by the National Association of Basketball Coaches.
Preview
Wolverines shake hands with Wisconsin after a 54–48 loss in Madison, WI. (2010-01-20)
November 12, 2008, marked the first day of the early signing period for high school seniors wishing to become eligible student-athletes in the 2009–2010 academic year. The early period ended on November 19, 2008, for NCAA college basketball teams (the regular signing period is from April 15 – May 20, 2009). However, verbal commitments are usually accurate predictors of signing activity. Based on verbals and very early signings, Big Ten Conference rivals Indiana, Minnesota and Illinois had top 25 signing classes, but Michigan did not according to both ESPN and Scout.com. The team was the choice of four blue chip prospects who followed through on their verbal commitments and signed letters of intent including Matt Vogrich and Darius Morris. The 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 180-pound (82 kg) Morris was listed among the top 15 point guards in the nation by Scout.com, Rivals.com and ESPN. Kelvin Grady, who had played 64 games and made 33 starts during his first two seasons, was going to transfer from the program at the end of the prior season, but he became a wide receiver on the 2009 Michigan Wolverines football team. In June 2009, Jordan Morgan had surgery on his left knee to repair articular cartilage. The expected recovery time was four to five months. In October, it was unclear whether he would be able to join the team or whether he would redshirt.
Entering the season, Harris was regarded by some as the most highly rated player in the Big Ten. E.g., the FOX Sports preseason All-American listed him on its second team. It included Michigan State's Kalin Lucas on its third team, Purdue's Robbie Hummel on its fourth team and Ohio State's Evan Turner on its fifth team. However, ESPN chose both Lucas and Turner to its preseason second-team All-American list, while Harris was not shown on a single ballot. Harris and Sims were named among the 50 preseason Wooden Award watch list nominees. Harris was also named to the preseason Naismith College Player of the Year watchlist. The 24-member Big Ten media panel selected Harris as a first team preseason All-Big Ten team member.
The 2009–10 schedule includes the Old Spice Classic, an ACC – Big Ten Challenge match against Boston College, games against preseason ranked power conference opponents Kansas and Connecticut as well as the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament.
Roster
The 2009-10 Michigan Wolverine LeadersLeft to right: Harris, Sims, Lucas-Perry, Douglass vs. Utah (September 12, 2009)
Manny Harris is guarded by Xavier HenryDeShawn Sims attacks Cole AldrichDouglassDarius MorrisZack Novak
#
Name
Height
Weight
Position
Class
Hometown
Previous Team(s)
0
Zack Novak
6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
210 pounds (95 kg)
G
So.
Chesterton, Indiana
U.S.
Chesterton HS
1
Stu Douglass
6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
175 pounds (79 kg)
G
So.
Carmel, Indiana
U.S.
Carmel HS
3
Manny Harris
6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
185 pounds (84 kg)
G
Jr.
Detroit, Michigan
U.S.
Redford HS
4
Darius Morris
6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
180 pounds (82 kg)
G
Fr.
Los Angeles, California
U.S.
Windward HS
5
Eso Akunne
6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
220 pounds (100 kg)
G
Fr.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
U.S.
Gabriel Richard HS
12
Anthony Wright
6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
235 pounds (107 kg)
F
Jr.
Sterling, Virginia
U.S.
Oak Hill Academy
13
Matt Vogrich
6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
180 pounds (82 kg)
G
Fr.
Lake Forest, Illinois
U.S.
Lake Forest HS
20
Josh Bartelstein
6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
190 pounds (86 kg)
G
Fr.
Highland Park, Illinois
U.S.
Highland Park HS/Phillips Exeter
22
Blake McLimans
6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
220 pounds (100 kg)
F
Fr.
Hamburg, New York
U.S.
Worcester Academy
23
Corey Person
6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
200 pounds (91 kg)
G
So.
Kalamazoo, Michigan
U.S.
Kalamazoo Central HS
30
Eric Puls
6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
210 pounds (95 kg)
C
So.
Alpena, Michigan
U.S.
Alpena HS
31
Laval Lucas-Perry
6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
185 pounds (84 kg)
G
So.
Flint, Michigan
U.S.
University of Arizona
32
Zack Gibson
6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
220 pounds (100 kg)
F
Sr.
Grand Blanc, Michigan
U.S.
Rutgers University
34
DeShawn Sims
6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
235 pounds (107 kg)
F
Sr.
Detroit, Michigan
U.S.
Pershing HS
35
Ben Cronin
7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
265 pounds (120 kg)
C
Fr.
Syracuse, New York
U.S.
Henninger HS
52
Jordan Morgan
6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
240 pounds (110 kg)
F
Fr.
Detroit, Michigan
U.S.
Detroit Jesuit
- denotes class status adjusted for used redshirt eligibility.
Laval Lucas-PerryZack GibsonMatt VogrichEso AkunneAnthony Wright
Signees
US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes
Name
Hometown
High school / college
Height
Weight
Commit date
Darius Morris PG
Los Angeles, California
Windward (CA)
6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)
188 lb (85 kg)
Nov 8, 2008
Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A ESPN grade: 90
Matt Vogrich SG
Lake Forest, Illinois
Lake Forest Academy (IL)
6 ft 3.5 in (1.92 m)
182.5 lb (82.8 kg)
May 10, 2008
Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A ESPN grade: 89
Blake McLimans PF
Hamburg (town), New York
Worcester Academy (MA)
6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)
210 lb (95 kg)
Oct 28, 2008
Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A ESPN grade: 85
Jordan Morgan PF
Detroit, Michigan
University of Detroit Jesuit (MI)
6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
242.5 lb (110.0 kg)
Dec 18, 2007
Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A ESPN grade: 75
Overall recruiting rankings:
Note: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight.
In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.
Sources:
"Michigan 2009 Basketball Commitments". Rivals.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.
"2009 Michigan Basketball Commits". Scout.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.
"ESPN". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.
"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.
"2009 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.
In addition to the four-year scholarship recruits above, Beilein recruited Eso Akunne as a preferred walk-on and eventually offered him a one-year scholarship commitment. Beilein also recruited Josh Bartelstein who extended his high school career at Phillips Exeter Academy after high school at Highland Park High School as a walk-on.
2010–11 team recruits
The 2010 class includes Tim Hardaway Jr., son of Tim Hardaway.
US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes
Name
Hometown
High school / college
Height
Weight
Commit date
Tim Hardaway SG
Miami, Florida
Miami Palmetto High School (FL)
6 ft 3.5 in (1.92 m)
175 lb (79 kg)
Jun 29, 2009
Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A ESPN grade: 93
Evan Smotrycz SF
Reading, Massachusetts
New Hampton School (NH)
6 ft 8.5 in (2.04 m)
202.5 lb (91.9 kg)
Sep 4, 2009
Recruiting star ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: N/A ESPN grade: 95
Overall recruiting rankings: ESPN: 14
Note: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight.
In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.
Sources:
"Michigan 2010 Basketball Commitments". Rivals.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
"2010 Michigan Basketball Commits". Scout.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
"ESPN". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
"2010 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
Rankings
Main article: 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings
Ranking movementsLegend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking — = Not ranked RV = Received votes т = Tied with team above or belowWeekPollPre123456789101112131415161718FinalAP1515TRV————————————————Not releasedCoaches'151615RV——————RV—————————
Season
Preconference
Manny Harris watches Darius Morris split the Kansas defense.
Harris opened the season by recording the second triple double in school history (Gary Grant was the first in the 1987 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament) with 18 points, 13 rebounds and 10 assists against Division II Northern Michigan during a 97–50 victory on November 14. Sims added 22 points and true freshman Matt Vogrich added 15 points on five-for-five three point shooting. Harris earned Big Ten player of the week during the first week of the year for the second consecutive season. Michigan struggled early against their first Division I opponent, by hitting only 4 of their first 21 shots. They recovered with a 29–13 run led by twelve points each from Harris and Sims to end the first half en route to a 77–55 victory against Houston Baptist. Sims posted a career high 5 three point shots.
Douglass guarded by Sherron Collins of Kansas
During the Thanksgiving weekend, Michigan participated in the eight-team fourth annual Old Spice Classic at The Milk House in Orlando, Florida. On November 26, which was Thanksgiving Day, they defeated Creighton 83–76 in overtime when Harris fell one rebound shy of a triple double. Laval Lucas-Perry tied a career-high with 18 points and Sims added 16. The following day, they lost to a 6–0 Marquette team 79–65. They shot 12 for 18 from the free throw line and 3 for 20 from 3-point range. They lost the subsequent game to Alabama when a Darius Morris full-court drive was blocked.
The Wolverines began December competition in the ACC – Big Ten Challenge by losing to Boston College 62–58. The team ended its three-game losing streak by beating Arkansas - Pine Bluff. The Wolverines were outrebounded 41–25 in a 68–52 loss to the Utah Utes. Michigan rebounded as both Harris and Sims posted season highs with 27 and 23 points respectively in a 75–64 win over University of Detroit Mercy. The Wolverines fell to 1–21 all-time against number one ranked teams when it lost to Kansas. In the team's final pre-conference game, they beat Coppin State 76–46.
Conference
Darius Morris and Douglass (September 12, 2009)
January
Zack Novak and Stu Douglass led the Wolverines in scoring in their conference season opening 71–65 loss to Indiana on New Year's Eve. Sims and Harris led the way to the first conference victory on January 3 against a #15-ranked Ohio State team without its leading scorer, Evan Turner. On January 7, the Wolverines came from 16 points behind to defeat the Penn State Nittany Lions on the strength of four second half three point shots by Laval Lucas-Perry and 25 points from Sims. On January 10, they wasted a 17-point lead in a loss to Northwestern despite 24 points from Harris and 17 from Sims. On January 11, Sims became the second Wolverine to earn Big Ten Player of the Week for his efforts during week nine (January 4–10). The Wolverines won the January 14 rematch against Indiana under the leadership of Harris who had 17 second half points and Sims who added 20 points and 8 rebounds. Michigan then earned its first win against a ranked non-conference opponent and their second consecutive win against a ranked opponent on January 17 when it defeated #15 Connecticut 68–63 behind 18 points and 8 rebounds from Harris. Subsequently, they lost three consecutive games to ranked conference opponents. On January 20, Michigan opened up a lead on Wisconsin who missed its first eight field goal attempts. They led until Wisconsin tied the game with 4 minutes and 4 seconds remaining. Wisconsin scored two subsequent baskets to take the lead. Wisconsin held on despite 23 points and 13 rebounds from Sims. On January 23, while Manny Harris served a one-game suspension, Sims posted 21 points and Novak added 16, but after taking an 11–10 lead, the Wolverines surrendered a 16–2 run to Purdue that they never recovered from. On January 26, the Wolverines hosted Michigan State who needed a Kalin Lucas basket with 3.5 seconds to play to earn the win, which resulted in Michigan state posting a school-record eight consecutive conference victories to start conference play. On January 30, Michigan finished the month with a 60–46 win against Iowa to snap its three-game losing streak. Harris and Sims both contributed 20 points. Sims had 12 rebounds as well. Michigan scored the first 13 points of the game and after taking a 12-point lead into halftime, they scored the first 5 points of the second half.
February
The Wolverines began February with a 67–52 loss to Northwestern on February 2. Harris and Darius Morris, who each posted 11, were the high scorers. Northwestern pulled away with a 21–4 second half run. On February 6, Michigan lost 62–44 to 16th ranked Wisconsin, who shot 9 for 13 on three point shots in the first half and only missed seven total shots in that time. Then Michigan only made one shot in the first eight minutes of the second half. Then, Michigan went 7 for 14 on its three-point shots to beat Minnesota 71–63 behind 27 points from Sims and 20 from Harris. On February 16, Michigan recovered from a 5-point deficit in the final twenty seconds on late shots by Sims including a three-pointer with 6.1 seconds remaining. Sims had 27 and Harris had 20 points as they both accumulated 10 rebounds and the team shot 14–27 on its three-point shots. In overtime Michigan, come from three points behind. On February 20, despite 20 points by Harris, Michigan was unable to notch its first three-game winning streak against Penn State. On February 23, Michigan shot only 20% in the first half and fell behind 26–18 and trailed Illinois most of the rest of the game despite 15 points and 11 rebounds from Harris. On February 27, Michigan lost to Ohio State despite all of its starters scoring in double digits.
March
On March 2, Michigan defeated Minnesota 83–55 as Harris and Sims posted 23 and 22 points, respectively. The team posted its best shooting night of the season by going 32 for 53. On March 7, Michigan concluded its regular season with a 64–48 loss to Michigan State. None of Michigan's starters posted double digit scoring and Zack Gibson led the team with 10 points. The team only scored 14 points in the first half and did not score in the first 3 minutes and 50 seconds of the second half. As a result, the team fell to a 7–11 conference record and was accorded the eighth seed in the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament where they were matched against ninth-seeded Iowa. They defeated Iowa 59–52 behind 22 points, 9 rebounds and 3 steals by Harris. This earned them a matchup against the top-seeded Ohio State Buckeyes. After trailing #5-ranked Ohio State by a 51–38 margin, sharpshooting by Harris and Douglass brought Michigan to within 59–57, which led to a frantic finish. Harris hit a shot with 2.2 seconds remaining to give Michigan a two-point lead before Turner hit a 37-foot 3-point shot to win the game.
Schedule
Left: Wolverines vs. Utah (2009-12-09); Center: Sims (34), Novak (0) and Douglass (1) defend against #1-ranked Kansas. (2009-12-19); Right: DeShawn Sims prepareS for the opening tipoff against Wisconsin as Harris (# not visible), Lucas-Perry (31) Novak (# not visible) and Douglass (1) look on. (2010-01-20)
Datetime, TV
Rank#
Opponent#
Result
Record
High points
High rebounds
High assists
Site (attendance) city, state
Exhibition
November 6, 2009*7:00 pm ET, BTN.com
No. 15
Wayne State
W 73–54
25 – Manny Harris
5 – Harris, DeShawn Sims
4 – Harris
Crisler Arena (9,657)Ann Arbor, Michigan
Non-conference Regular Season
November 14, 2009*7:00 pm ET, Big Ten Network
No. 15
Northern Michigan
W 97–50
1–0
22 – Sims (1)
13 – Harris (1)
10 – Harris (1)
Crisler Arena (9,730)Ann Arbor, Michigan
November 20, 2009*7:00 pm ET, BTN.com
No. 15
Houston Baptist
W 77–55
2–0
25 – Harris (1)
8 – Harris (2)
7 – Stu Douglass (1)
Crisler Arena (10,523)Ann Arbor, Michigan
November 26, 2009*12:00 pm ET, ESPN2
No. 15
vs. Creighton Old Spice Classic
W 83–76 OT
3–0
20 – Harris (2)
11 – Sims (1)
11 – Harris (2)
The Milk House (2,853)Orlando, Florida
November 27, 2009*12:00 pm ET, ESPN
No. 15
vs. Marquette Old Spice Classic Semifinals
L 79–65
3–1
22 – Harris (3)
8 – Harris (3)
4 – Harris (3)
The Milk House (3,660)Orlando, Florida
November 29, 2009*5:00 pm ET, ESPNU
No. 15
vs. Alabama Old Spice Classic Third Place
L 68–66
3–2
26 – Harris (4)
10 – Harris (4)
4 – Laval Lucas-Perry (1)
The Milk House (2,225)Orlando, Florida
December 2, 2009*7:30 pm ET, ESPN2
Boston College ACC – Big Ten Challenge
L 62–58
3–3
19 – Harris (5)
7 – Harris (5)
6 – Harris (4)
Crisler Arena (10,718)Ann Arbor, Michigan
December 5, 2009*2:00 pm ET, BTN.com
Arkansas-Pine Bluff
W 67–53
4–3
19 – Sims (2)
10 – Sims (2)
4 – Douglass (2)
Crisler Arena (10,073)Ann Arbor, Michigan
December 9, 2009*9:00 pm ET, CBSCS
at Utah
L 68–52
4–4
25 – Harris (6)
6 – Harris (6)
4 – Darius Morris (1)
Jon M. Huntsman Center (9,227)Salt Lake City, Utah
December 13, 2009*12:00 pm ET, Big Ten Network
Detroit Mercy
W 75–64
5–4
27 – Harris (7)
12 – Sims (3)
6 – Harris (5)
Crisler Arena (11,163)Ann Arbor, Michigan
December 19, 2009*12:00 pm ET, ESPN
at No. 1 Kansas
L 75–64
5–5
19 – Sims (3)
7 – Zack Novak (1), Sims (4)
4 – Harris (6), Morris (2)
Allen Fieldhouse (16,300)Lawrence, Kansas
December 22, 2009*7:00 pm ET, BTN.com
Coppin State
W 76–46
6–5
20 – Douglass (1)
6 – Lucas-Perry (1)
7 – Harris (7)
Crisler Arena (10,163)Ann Arbor, Michigan
Big Ten Regular Season
December 31, 200912:00 pm ET, ESPN2
at Indiana
L 71–65
6–6(0–1)
18 – Novak (1)
9 – Novak (2)
5 – Lucas-Perry (2)
Assembly Hall (15,034)Bloomington, Indiana
Jan 3, 20104:30 pm ET, Big Ten Network
No. 15 Ohio State
W 73–64
7–6(1–1)
28 – Sims (4)
9 – Sims (5)
5 – Harris (8)
Crisler Arena (13,751)Ann Arbor, Michigan
Jan 7, 20107:00 pm ET, ESPN2
at Penn State
W 64–55
8–6(2–1)
25 – Sims (5)
6 – Sims (6)
4 – Harris (9), Morris (3)
Bryce Jordan Center (5,799)State College, Pennsylvania
January 10, 20102:30 pm ET, Big Ten Network
Northwestern
L 68–62
8–7(2–2)
24 – Harris (8)
9 – Harris (7)
7 – Morris (4)
Crisler Arena (11,851)Ann Arbor, Michigan
January 14, 20109:00 pm ET, ESPN
Indiana
W 69–45
9–7(3–2)
21 – Harris (9)
8 – Sims (7)
4 – Morris (5)
Crisler Arena (9,632)Ann Arbor, Michigan
January 17, 2010*1:30 pm ET, CBS
No. 15 Connecticut
W 68–63
10–7(3–2)
18 – Harris (10)
11 – Sims (8)
4 – Douglass (3)
Crisler Arena (13,536)Ann Arbor, Michigan
January 20, 20108:30 pm ET, Big Ten Network
at No. 18 Wisconsin
L 54–48
10–8(3–3)
23 – Sims (6)
13 – Sims (9)
3 – Douglass (4)
Kohl Center (17,230)Madison, Wisconsin
January 23, 20104:00 pm ET, ESPN
at No. 13 Purdue
L 69–59
10–9(3–4)
21 – Sims (7)
8 – Sims (10)
5 – Douglass (5)
Mackey Arena (14,123)West Lafayette, Indiana
January 26, 20107:00 pm ET, ESPN
No. 5 Michigan State
L 57–56
10–10(3–5)
19 – Sims (8)
6 – Novak (3)
5 – Harris (10)
Crisler Arena (13,751)Ann Arbor, Michigan
January 30, 20104:30 pm ET, Big Ten Network
Iowa
W 60–46
11–10(4–5)
20 – Harris (11), Sims (9)
12 – Sims (11)
3 – Harris (11), Novak (1)
Crisler Arena (13,541)Ann Arbor, Michigan
February 2, 20107:00 pm ET, Big Ten Network
at Northwestern
L 67–52
11–11(4–6)
11 – Harris (12), Morris (1)
7 – Sims (12)
3 – Harris (12), Lucas-Perry (3)
Welsh-Ryan Arena (5,127)Evanston, Illinois
Feb 6, 20104:00 pm ET, CBS
No. 16 Wisconsin
L 62–44
11–12(4–7)
18 – Sims (10)
4 – Harris (8), Sims (13)
3 – Douglass (6), Morris (6)
Crisler Arena (13,501)Ann Arbor, Michigan
February 11, 20107:00 pm ET, ESPN
at Minnesota
W 71–63
12–12(5–7)
27 – Sims (11)
7 – Sims (14)
7 – Harris (13)
Williams Arena (14,625)Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 16, 20109:00 pm ET, Big Ten Network
at Iowa
W 80–78 OT
13–12(6–7)
27 – Sims (12)
10 – Harris (9), Sims (15)
7 – Harris (14)
Carver-Hawkeye Arena (9,485)Iowa City, Iowa
February 20, 20106:00 pm ET, Big Ten Network
Penn State
L 55–51
13–13(6–8)
20 – Harris (13)
8 – Sims (16)
4 – Morris (7)
Crisler Arena (13,751)Ann Arbor, Michigan
February 23, 20107:00 pm ET, ESPN
Illinois
L 51–44
13–14(6–9)
15 – Harris (14)
13 – Sims (17)
4 – Harris (15)
Crisler Arena (11,357)Ann Arbor, Michigan
February 27, 201012:00 pm ET, ESPN
at No. 9 Ohio State
L 66–55
13–15(6–10)
11 – Morris (2), Novak (2), Sims (13)
6 – Sims (18)
3 – Harris (16), Morris (8)
Jerome Schottenstein Center (18,862)Columbus, Ohio
March 2, 20107:00 pm ET, Big Ten Network
Minnesota
W 83–55
14–15(7–10)
23 – Sims (14)
6 – Novak (4), Sims (19)
6 – Morris (9), Novak (2)
Crisler Arena (10,561)Ann Arbor, Michigan
March 7, 20104:00 pm ET, CBS
at No. 11 Michigan State
L 64–48
14–16(7–11)
10 – Zack Gibson (1)
9 – Sims (20)
5 – Harris (17)
Breslin Center (14,759)East Lansing, Michigan
Big Ten tournament
March 11, 20102:30 pm ET, ESPN2
vs. Iowa First Round
W 59–52
15–16(7–11)
22 – Harris (15)
9 – Harris (10)
3 – Douglass (7), Lucas-Perry (4), Morris (10)
Conseco Fieldhouse (14,833)Indianapolis, Indiana
March 12, 201012:00 pm ET, ESPN
vs. No. 5 Ohio State Second Round
L 69–68
15–17(7–11)
26 – Harris (16)
6 – Harris (11), Sims (21)
4 – Harris (18)
Conseco Fieldhouse (NA)Indianapolis, Indiana
*Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Eastern Time.
Statistics
The team posted the following statistics:
Name
GP
GS
Min
Avg
FG
FGA
FG%
3FG
3FGA
3FG%
FT
FTA
FT%
OR
DR
RB
Avg
Ast
Avg
PF
DQ
TO
Stl
Blk
Pts
Avg
Manny Harris
31
1120
36.1
181
430
0.421
48
156
0.308
152
190
0.800
57
130
187
6.0
126
4.1
45
0
88
56
11
562
18.1
DeShawn Sims
32
32
1026
32.1
220
447
0.492
21
74
0.284
75
112
0.670
98
144
242
7.6
30
0.9
71
3
48
35
21
536
16.8
Zack Novak
31
31
1028
33.2
79
211
0.374
44
144
0.306
26
38
0.684
43
89
132
4.3
50
1.6
88
1
23
30
8
228
7.3
Stu Douglass
32
1004
31.4
72
216
0.333
52
158
0.329
21
27
0.778
7
63
70
2.2
79
2.5
43
0
35
35
0
217
6.8
Laval Lucas-Perry
32
683
21.3
50
144
0.347
30
103
0.291
25
39
0.641
13
62
75
2.3
53
1.7
62
0
30
19
1
155
4.8
Darius Morris
32
777
24.3
52
128
0.406
7
39
0.179
29
46
0.630
14
44
58
1.8
84
2.6
61
0
51
20
5
140
4.4
Zack Gibson
32
319
10.0
44
76
0.579
5
18
0.278
33
42
0.786
29
39
68
2.1
8
0.3
54
1
16
15
17
126
3.9
Matt Vogrich
30
166
5.5
17
42
0.405
11
28
0.393
1
3
0.333
5
14
19
0.6
8
0.3
16
0
9
8
0
46
1.5
Anthony Wright
28
241
8.6
14
52
0.269
9
36
0.250
3
5
0.600
9
22
31
1.1
15
0.5
17
0
15
4
3
40
1.4
Eso Akunne
7
38
5.4
2
3
0.667
0
0
1
1
1.000
0
6
6
0.9
1
0.1
4
0
2
1
1
5
0.7
Ben Cronin
5
16
3.2
1
3
0.333
0
0
1
4
0.250
2
3
5
1.0
0
0.0
2
0
2
0
1
3
0.6
Corey Person
7
13
1.9
0
0
0
0
1
2
0.500
0
2
2
0.3
2
0.3
2
0
0
0
0
1
0.1
Josh Bartelstein
5
13
2.6
0
4
0.000
0
3
0.000
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0.0
Eric Puls
2
0
6
3.0
0
2
0.000
0
1
0.000
0
0
0
1
1
0.5
0
0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
TEAM
32
43
51
94
2.9
6
Season Total
32
732
1758
0.416
227
760
0.299
368
509
0.723
320
670
990
30.9
456
14.3
468
5
326
223
68
2059
64.3
Opponents
32
752
1698
0.443
177
553
0.320
289
428
0.675
349
764
1113
34.8
430
13.4
513
452
165
97
1970
61.6
Individual Honors
Harris was named as a finalist for the 2010 Bob Cousy Award and a Midseason Top-30 finalist for the 2010 John Wooden Award. Novak was a District 4 first-team 2009 Academic All-District Men's Basketball Team selection as selected by ESPN The Magazine and College Sports Information Directors of America. Sims and Harris were both selected as second team National Association of Basketball Coaches All-District 7. Both the Big Ten coaches and the media selected Sims and Harris to the 2nd and 3rd All-conference teams, respectively. Sims was also recognized as Michigan's Big Ten Sportsmanship Awards honoree. Harris and Novak were selected as Academic All-Conference performers. Neither Harris nor Sims was drafted in the 2010 NBA draft.
Manny Harris
Preseason first-team All-Big Ten
Preseason John Wooden Award Top 50 watchlist
Preseason Naismith Award Top 50 watchlist
November 16, 2009 Big Ten Conference Player of the week
Midseason Wooden Award Top-30 finalist
Bob Cousy Award finalist
National Association of Basketball Coaches All-District second-team
All-Big Ten 3rd-team
Academic All-Conference
DeShawn Sims
Preseason John Wooden Award Top 50 watchlist
January 11, 2010 Big Ten Conferenct Player of the week
National Association of Basketball Coaches All-District second-team
All-Big Ten 2nd-team
Big Ten Sportsmanship Awards
Zack Novak
ESPN The Magazine and CoSIDA Academic All-District
Academic All-Conference
Team players drafted into the NBA
One player from this team was selected in the NBA draft.
Year
Round
Pick
Overall
Player
NBA Club
2011
2
11
41
Darius Morris
Los Angeles Lakers
See also
2009-10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season
2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament
2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament
2009 Michigan Wolverines football team
2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team
External links
M Go Blue page
ESPN page
stats @ ESPN
Notes
^ University of Michigan & Host Interactive. Crisler Arena; August 14, 2007 .
^ 2007-08 Men's Basketball Media Guide. University of Michigan; 2007. p. 190.
^ Big Ten Network. Five teams host Midnight Madness on Friday; October 14, 2009.
^ CBS Interactive. Michigan Madness Slated for Oct. 16 at Crisler Arena .
^ Hakim, Danny. The New York Times Company. COLLEGES; N.C.A.A. Bars Michigan From Next Postseason; May 9, 2003.
^ "University of Michigan Record Book: All-Time Accolades" (PDF). CBS Interactive. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
^ a b ESPN Internet Ventures. Top 25 classes for the early signing period; November 13, 2008.
^ National Letter of Intent. Signing Dates: For Prospective Student-Athletes Enrolling in the 2009-2010 Academic Year .
^ GoBlueWolverine.com and Scout.com. Team Rankings.
^ FOX Sports.com. Basketball Recruiting.
^ STATS LLC. 2009 Signing Class.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Darius Morris – Point Guard.
^ STATS LLC. Darius Morris.
^ GoBlueWolverine.com and Scout.com. Darius Morris.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Grady to transfer from Michigan; April 2, 2009.
^ ESPN.com. Kelvin Grady #19 WR.
^ Arnold, Jeff. Michigan Live LLC. U-M incoming freshman Jordan Morgan to undergo knee surgery this week; June 29, 2009.
^ Chengelis, Angelique S.. NCAA appearance a goal; October 14, 2009; p. 4B.
^ UMhoops.com. Harris Named to Fox Sports Preseason All-American Team; September 9, 2009.
^ ESPN.com. 2009-10 ESPN.com All-America teams; November 13, 2009.
^ Wyrot, Tom. CBS Interactive. Harris, Sims Named Preseason Wooden Candidates; August 20, 2009 .
^ Naismith Trophy 2009-10 Preseason Watch List Dominant With Upperclassmen; October 29, 2009 .
^ CBS Interactive. Defending Big Ten Champion Michigan State Named Men's Basketball Preseason Favorite By Media: Reigning Big Ten Player of Year Kalin Lucas Tabbed Preseason Player of Year; October 29, 2009 .
^ Rothstein, Michael. Sooner than he expected, Eso Akunne is on a basketball scholarship at Michigan; September 22, 2009.
^ Josh Bartelstein to Walk-on at Michigan; April 29, 2009.
^ a b "2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Rankings - Preseason (Nov. 9)". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris notches 2nd triple-double in school history as No. 15 Michigan cruises; November 14, 2009.
^ a b CBS Interactive. Michigan and Ohio State Garner First Weekly Honors of 2009-10 Season: U-M's Harris and OSU's Turner help teams dominate competition in season openers; November 16, 2009 .
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris, Sims lead No. 16 Michigan's rout of Houston Baptist; November 20, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris sparks No. 15 Michigan in overtime; November 26, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2008–09 game log).
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2009–10 game log).
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Hayward, Butler combine for 39 to lead Marquette past Michigan; November 27, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Crimson Tide storm ahead in final seconds to defeat Michigan; November 29, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Boston College 62, Michigan 58; December 2, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 67, Ark.-Pine Bluff 53; December 5, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Utah 68, Michigan 52; December 9, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 75, Detroit 64; December 13, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Marcus Morris' career-high 23 help No. 1 Kansas top Michigan; December 19, 2009.
^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 76, Coppin St. 46; December 22, 2009.
^ ESPN.com. Indiana 71, Michigan 65; December 31, 2009.
^ ESPN.com. Sims, Harris help Michigan keep No. 15 Ohio St. winless in Big Ten; January 3, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 64, Penn St. 55; January 7, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Northwestern 68, Michigan 62; January 10, 2010.
^ CBS Interactive. Michigan's DeShawn Sims Garners Player of the Week Laurels; January 11, 2010 .
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 69, Indiana 45; January 14, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Wolverines get signature win; Huskies slide to third straight loss; January 17, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Wisconsin uses late surge to hold off Michigan; January 20, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 48, (19) Wisconsin 54 (play-by-play); January 20, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Johnson scores 21 as Boilermakers drop Wolverines; January 23, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. No. 5 Michigan State reaches 8-0 in Big Ten after tough test from Michigan; January 26, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 60, Iowa 46; January 30, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Northwestern rides 21-4 second-half run to win over Michigan; February 2, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. No. 16 Wisconsin hits early 3s to drop Michigan; February 6, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 71, Minnesota 63; February 10, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 80, Iowa 78; February 16, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Penn St. 55, Michigan 51; February 20, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Illinois ends two-game skid by beating Michigan; February 23, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 55 (9) Ohio St 66; February 27, 2010.
^ ESPN.com. Michigan 83, Minnesota 55; March 2, 2010.
^ a b ESPN. Spartans earn share of Big Ten title behind Morgan's fast start; March 7, 2010.
^ ESPN. Michigan 48 (14-16, 7-11 Big Ten), (12) Michigan St 64 (24-7, 14-4 Big Ten) (play-by-play); March 7, 2010.
^ ESPN. Michigan 59, Iowa 52; March 11, 2010.
^ ESPN. Buckeyes nip Wolverines to reach Big Ten semifinals; March 12, 2010.
^ "Men's Basketball Statistic Archive Query Page". CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
^ CBS Interactive. Men's Basketball Release: Week 10: The Big Ten has featured eight teams in the AP Top 25 this season; Boilers set a new school record for 35 consecutive weeks ranked in the AP Poll.; January 11, 2010 .
^ 2010 Academic All-District Men's Basketball Team ; February 4, 2010.
^ CoSIDA ESPN the Magazine Academic All-District men's & women's basketball teams announced; February 4, 2010 .
^ National Association of Basketball Coaches. National Association of Basketball Coaches Announces 2010 Division I All-District Teams ; March 16, 2010.
^ CBS Interactive. Big Ten Announces All-Big Ten Teams and Individual Honorees: Ohio State's Evan Turner Named Big Ten Player of the Year; March 8, 2010 .
^ Big Ten Network. Big Ten to announce men's All-Big Ten teams; March 8, 2010 .
^ "Big Ten Announces Winter Academic All-Conference Teams: 536 student-athletes honored for classroom excellence". CBS Interactive. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
^ "2010 Winter Academic All-Big Ten". CBS Interactive. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
^ "Draft NY10". NBA.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
^ CBS Interactive. Michigan's DeShawn Sims Garners Player of the Week Laurels; January 11, 2010 .
^ "2011 NBA Draft". Basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
vteMichigan Wolverines men's basketballVenues
Waterman Gymnasium (1908–1923)
Fielding H. Yost Fieldhouse (1923–1967)
Crisler Center (1967–present)
Rivalries
Duke
Michigan State
Ohio State
Culture & lore
Fab Five (film)
Ed Martin scandal
WWJ
Michigan IMG Sports Network
Fox Sports Detroit
Jumpman Invitational
People
Head coaches
NBA draftees
Statistical leaders
Seasons
List of seasons
1908–09
1909–17
1917–18
1918–19
1919–20
1920–21
1921–22
1922–23
1923–24
1924–25
1925–26
1926–27
1927–28
1928–29
1929–30
1930–31
1931–32
1932–33
1933–34
1934–35
1935–36
1936–37
1937–38
1938–39
1939–40
1940–41
1941–42
1942–43
1943–44
1944–45
1945–46
1946–47
1947–48
1948–49
1949–50
1950–51
1951–52
1952–53
1953–54
1954–55
1955–56
1956–57
1957–58
1958–59
1959–60
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
1980–81
1981–82
1982–83
1983–84
1984–85
1985–86
1986–87
1987–88
1988–89
1989–90
1990–91
1991–92
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–2000
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
2019–20
2020–21
2021–22
2022–23
2023–24
2024–25
NCAA national championship in bold; NCAA Final Four appearances in italics
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Michigan Wolverines men's basketball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball"},{"link_name":"University of Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan"},{"link_name":"2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009-10_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_season"},{"link_name":"John Beilein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beilein"},{"link_name":"Ann Arbor, Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan"},{"link_name":"Crisler Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisler_Arena"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Big Ten Conference","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MB07-8p190-2"},{"link_name":"2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Big_Ten_Conference_men%27s_basketball_tournament"},{"link_name":"Midnight Madness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Madness_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"University of Michigan basketball scandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan_basketball_scandal"},{"link_name":"Chris Webber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Webber"},{"link_name":"Robert Traylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Traylor"},{"link_name":"Maurice Taylor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Taylor"},{"link_name":"Louis Bullock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bullock"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CNBMFNP-5"},{"link_name":"Wooden Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Wooden_Award"},{"link_name":"Manny Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manny_Harris"},{"link_name":"DeShawn Sims","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeShawn_Sims"},{"link_name":"Zack Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zack_Novak"},{"link_name":"captains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(sports)"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"ranked","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_NCAA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_rankings"},{"link_name":"Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Connecticut_Huskies_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Ohio State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Ohio_State_Buckeyes_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"buzzer-beater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzzer_beater"},{"link_name":"Michigan State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Michigan_State_Spartans_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"field goals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_goal_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference_Men%27s_Basketball_Player_of_the_Year"},{"link_name":"Evan Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Turner"},{"link_name":"Kalin Lucas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalin_Lucas"},{"link_name":"National Association of Basketball Coaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Basketball_Coaches"}],"text":"American college basketball seasonThe 2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan during the 2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was coached by John Beilein and played its home games in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the Crisler Arena, which has a capacity of 13,751, for the forty-third consecutive year.[1] This season marked the team's ninety-third consecutive year as a member of the Big Ten Conference.[2] The team finished the season with a 15–17 overall record and a 7–11 conference record, which was tied for seventh in the conference standings. It was seeded eighth in the single-elimination 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament where it advanced one round. On October 16, Michigan was one of five Big Ten schools to begin its season by celebrating Midnight Madness.[3][4]Following the University of Michigan basketball scandal, the team had completed serving a scholarship probation imposed in 2003 two years earlier. During the probation, the team had had only twelve scholarships to offer instead of the usual thirteen. However, Michigan continued to be prohibited from affiliation with implicated athletes (Chris Webber, Robert Traylor, Maurice Taylor, and Louis Bullock) until 2012, which meant, among other things, that the players could not help the university recruit.[5] The team was expected to finish between third and fifth in the conference by most expert pollings. The team was led by a pair of Wooden Award preseason watchlist nominees: Manny Harris and DeShawn Sims. Harris, Sims and Zack Novak served as team captains.[6]The team won two of its first three games against ranked opponents (Connecticut and Ohio State). However, the season was a disappointment that included two buzzer-beater losses to conference co-champions Ohio State and Michigan State on field goals by 2010 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year Evan Turner and 2009 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year Kalin Lucas. After starting the season 3–0, the team never again won three games in a row. The team was nationally ranked to start the season, but never reappeared in the national polls after the third week of the season. Michigan ended the year with a 7–11 conference record (tied for seventh) and a 15–17 overall regular season record. Turner's buzzer-beater came in the second round of the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament in which the eighth-seeded Wolverines lost by a point to the top-seeded Buckeyes.At the conclusion of the regular season, Sims and Harris were named to the 2nd and 3rd All-Big Ten teams, respectively, by both conference coaches and the media. Following the Big Ten tournament both players were recognized as 2nd-team All-District selections by the National Association of Basketball Coaches.","title":"2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20100120_Michigan_Wolverines_and_Wisconsin_Badgers_shake_hands_after_game.jpg"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Wisconsin_Badgers_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Madison, WI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison,_WI"},{"link_name":"NCAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA"},{"link_name":"college basketball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_basketball"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-T2cftesp-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Indiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Indiana_Hoosiers_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Minnesota","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Illinois_Fighting_Illini_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"Scout.com","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout.com"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-T2cftesp-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"blue chip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_chip_(sports)"},{"link_name":"letters of intent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_of_intent"},{"link_name":"Darius Morris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Morris"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"point guards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_guard"},{"link_name":"Rivals.com","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivals.com"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"wide receiver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_receiver"},{"link_name":"2009 Michigan Wolverines football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Jordan Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Morgan_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"articular cartilage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articular_cartilage"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"redshirt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshirt_(college_sports)"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"FOX Sports","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOX_Sports"},{"link_name":"Michigan State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Michigan_State_Spartans_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Kalin Lucas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalin_Lucas"},{"link_name":"Purdue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Purdue_Boilermakers_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Robbie Hummel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie_Hummel"},{"link_name":"Ohio State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Ohio_State_Buckeyes_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Evan Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Turner"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"ESPN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"Wooden Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Wooden_Award"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Naismith College Player of the Year","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naismith_College_Player_of_the_Year"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NT2PWLDWU-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DBTCMSNMBPFBM-23"},{"link_name":"Old Spice Classic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Spice_Classic"},{"link_name":"ACC – Big Ten Challenge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACC_%E2%80%93_Big_Ten_Challenge"},{"link_name":"Boston College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Boston_College_Eagles_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Kansas_Jayhawks_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Connecticut_Huskies_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Big_Ten_Conference_men%27s_basketball_tournament"}],"text":"Wolverines shake hands with Wisconsin after a 54–48 loss in Madison, WI. (2010-01-20)November 12, 2008, marked the first day of the early signing period for high school seniors wishing to become eligible student-athletes in the 2009–2010 academic year. The early period ended on November 19, 2008, for NCAA college basketball teams (the regular signing period is from April 15 – May 20, 2009).[7][8] However, verbal commitments are usually accurate predictors of signing activity. Based on verbals and very early signings, Big Ten Conference rivals Indiana, Minnesota and Illinois had top 25 signing classes, but Michigan did not according to both ESPN and Scout.com.[7][9] The team was the choice of four blue chip prospects who followed through on their verbal commitments and signed letters of intent including Matt Vogrich and Darius Morris.[10][11] The 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 180-pound (82 kg) Morris was listed among the top 15 point guards in the nation by Scout.com, Rivals.com and ESPN.[12][13][14] Kelvin Grady, who had played 64 games and made 33 starts during his first two seasons, was going to transfer from the program at the end of the prior season,[15] but he became a wide receiver on the 2009 Michigan Wolverines football team.[16] In June 2009, Jordan Morgan had surgery on his left knee to repair articular cartilage. The expected recovery time was four to five months.[17] In October, it was unclear whether he would be able to join the team or whether he would redshirt.[18]Entering the season, Harris was regarded by some as the most highly rated player in the Big Ten. E.g., the FOX Sports preseason All-American listed him on its second team. It included Michigan State's Kalin Lucas on its third team, Purdue's Robbie Hummel on its fourth team and Ohio State's Evan Turner on its fifth team.[19] However, ESPN chose both Lucas and Turner to its preseason second-team All-American list, while Harris was not shown on a single ballot.[20] Harris and Sims were named among the 50 preseason Wooden Award watch list nominees.[21] Harris was also named to the preseason Naismith College Player of the Year watchlist.[22] The 24-member Big Ten media panel selected Harris as a first team preseason All-Big Ten team member.[23]The 2009–10 schedule includes the Old Spice Classic, an ACC – Big Ten Challenge match against Boston College, games against preseason ranked power conference opponents Kansas and Connecticut as well as the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament.","title":"Preview"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Manny_Harris.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_DeShawn_Sims.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Laval_Lucas-Perry.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Stu_Douglass.jpg"},{"link_name":"Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manny_Harris"},{"link_name":"Sims","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeShawn_Sims"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"link_name":"Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009-10_Utah_Utes_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Manny_Harris_guarded_by_Xavier_Henry.jpg"},{"link_name":"Manny Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manny_Harris"},{"link_name":"Xavier Henry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Henry"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_DeShawn_Sims_attacks_Cole_Aldrich.jpg"},{"link_name":"DeShawn Sims","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeShawn_Sims"},{"link_name":"Cole Aldrich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Aldrich"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Stu_Douglass_of_Michigan_Wolverines_Basketball_against_Kansas.jpg"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Darius_Morris_of_Michigan_Wolverines_Basketball_against_Kansas.jpg"},{"link_name":"Darius Morris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Morris"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Zack_Novak_of_Michigan_Wolverines_Basketball_against_Kansas.jpg"},{"link_name":"Zack Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zack_Novak"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redshirt.svg"},{"link_name":"redshirt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshirt_(college_sports)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20100123_Laval_Lucas-Perry_driving_against_Purdue.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Zack_Gibson.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Matt_Vogrich.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Eso_Akunne.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20100120_Anthony_Wright_running_upcourt.jpg"}],"text":"The 2009-10 Michigan Wolverine LeadersLeft to right: Harris, Sims, Lucas-Perry, Douglass vs. Utah (September 12, 2009)Manny Harris is guarded by Xavier HenryDeShawn Sims attacks Cole AldrichDouglassDarius MorrisZack Novak- denotes class status adjusted for used redshirt eligibility.Laval Lucas-PerryZack GibsonMatt VogrichEso AkunneAnthony Wright","title":"Roster"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"walk-on","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk-on_(sport_term)"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"Josh Bartelstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Bartelstein"},{"link_name":"Phillips Exeter Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy"},{"link_name":"Highland Park High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Park_High_School_(Highland_Park,_Illinois)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"}],"sub_title":"Signees","text":"In addition to the four-year scholarship recruits above, Beilein recruited Eso Akunne as a preferred walk-on and eventually offered him a one-year scholarship commitment.[24] Beilein also recruited Josh Bartelstein who extended his high school career at Phillips Exeter Academy after high school at Highland Park High School as a walk-on.[25]","title":"Roster"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Tim Hardaway Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hardaway_Jr."},{"link_name":"Tim Hardaway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hardaway"}],"sub_title":"2010–11 team recruits","text":"The 2010 class includes Tim Hardaway Jr., son of Tim Hardaway.","title":"Roster"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Rankings"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Season"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Manny_Harris_watches_Darius_Morris_split_the_Kansas_defense.jpg"},{"link_name":"Manny Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manny_Harris"},{"link_name":"Darius Morris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Morris"},{"link_name":"Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Kansas_Jayhawks_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"triple double","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_double"},{"link_name":"Gary Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Grant_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"1987 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament"},{"link_name":"points","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"rebounds","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebound_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"assists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assist_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Division II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Division_II"},{"link_name":"Northern Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Michigan_Wildcats_men%27s_basketball"},{"link_name":"three point shooting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_point_shot"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MaOSGFWHo2S-28"},{"link_name":"Division I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Division_I"},{"link_name":"Houston Baptist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Baptist_Huskies_men%27s_basketball"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Stu_Douglass_guarded_by_Sherron_Collins.jpg"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"link_name":"Sherron Collins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherron_Collins"},{"link_name":"Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Kansas_Jayhawks_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Thanksgiving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Old Spice Classic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Spice_Classic"},{"link_name":"The Milk House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Milk_House"},{"link_name":"Orlando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida"},{"link_name":"Creighton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Creighton_Bluejays_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-32"},{"link_name":"Marquette","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Marquette_Golden_Eagles_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"Alabama","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"ACC – Big Ten Challenge","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACC_%E2%80%93_Big_Ten_Challenge"},{"link_name":"Boston College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Boston_College_Eagles_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-35"},{"link_name":"Arkansas - Pine Bluff","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_-_Pine_Bluff_Golden_Lions_men%27s_basketball"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Utah Utes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Utah_Utes_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"University of Detroit Mercy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Titans_men%27s_basketball"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Kansas_Jayhawks_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"},{"link_name":"Coppin State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppin_State_Eagles_men%27s_basketball"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"}],"sub_title":"Preconference","text":"Manny Harris watches Darius Morris split the Kansas defense.Harris opened the season by recording the second triple double in school history (Gary Grant was the first in the 1987 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament) with 18 points, 13 rebounds and 10 assists against Division II Northern Michigan during a 97–50 victory on November 14. Sims added 22 points and true freshman Matt Vogrich added 15 points on five-for-five three point shooting.[27] Harris earned Big Ten player of the week during the first week of the year for the second consecutive season.[28] Michigan struggled early against their first Division I opponent, by hitting only 4 of their first 21 shots. They recovered with a 29–13 run led by twelve points each from Harris and Sims to end the first half en route to a 77–55 victory against Houston Baptist. Sims posted a career high 5 three point shots.[29]Douglass guarded by Sherron Collins of KansasDuring the Thanksgiving weekend, Michigan participated in the eight-team fourth annual Old Spice Classic at The Milk House in Orlando, Florida. On November 26, which was Thanksgiving Day, they defeated Creighton 83–76 in overtime when Harris fell one rebound shy of a triple double. Laval Lucas-Perry tied a career-high with 18 points and Sims added 16.[30][31][32] The following day, they lost to a 6–0 Marquette team 79–65. They shot 12 for 18 from the free throw line and 3 for 20 from 3-point range.[33] They lost the subsequent game to Alabama when a Darius Morris full-court drive was blocked.[34]The Wolverines began December competition in the ACC – Big Ten Challenge by losing to Boston College 62–58.[35] The team ended its three-game losing streak by beating Arkansas - Pine Bluff.[36] The Wolverines were outrebounded 41–25 in a 68–52 loss to the Utah Utes.[37] Michigan rebounded as both Harris and Sims posted season highs with 27 and 23 points respectively in a 75–64 win over University of Detroit Mercy.[38] The Wolverines fell to 1–21 all-time against number one ranked teams when it lost to Kansas.[39] In the team's final pre-conference game, they beat Coppin State 76–46.[40]","title":"Season"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Darius_Morris.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Stu_Douglass_defending.jpg"},{"link_name":"Darius Morris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_Morris"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"link_name":"Zack Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zack_Novak"},{"link_name":"Stu Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"link_name":"New Year's Eve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-41"},{"link_name":"Evan Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Turner"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-42"},{"link_name":"points","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_(basketball)"},{"link_name":"Penn State Nittany Lions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"three point shots","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_point_shot"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Northwestern","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Northwestern_Wildcats_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-45"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-46"},{"link_name":"Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Connecticut_Huskies_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-47"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Wisconsin_Badgers_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-48"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"Kalin Lucas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalin_Lucas"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"},{"link_name":"[55]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55"},{"link_name":"[56]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-56"},{"link_name":"[57]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57"},{"link_name":"[58]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58"},{"link_name":"[59]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59"},{"link_name":"[60]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SesoBTtbMfs-61"},{"link_name":"[62]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-62"},{"link_name":"2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Big_Ten_Conference_men%27s_basketball_tournament"},{"link_name":"[61]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SesoBTtbMfs-61"},{"link_name":"[63]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"link_name":"[64]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64"}],"sub_title":"Conference","text":"Darius Morris and Douglass (September 12, 2009)JanuaryZack Novak and Stu Douglass led the Wolverines in scoring in their conference season opening 71–65 loss to Indiana on New Year's Eve.[41] Sims and Harris led the way to the first conference victory on January 3 against a #15-ranked Ohio State team without its leading scorer, Evan Turner.[42] On January 7, the Wolverines came from 16 points behind to defeat the Penn State Nittany Lions on the strength of four second half three point shots by Laval Lucas-Perry and 25 points from Sims.[43] On January 10, they wasted a 17-point lead in a loss to Northwestern despite 24 points from Harris and 17 from Sims.[44] On January 11, Sims became the second Wolverine to earn Big Ten Player of the Week for his efforts during week nine (January 4–10).[45] The Wolverines won the January 14 rematch against Indiana under the leadership of Harris who had 17 second half points and Sims who added 20 points and 8 rebounds.[46] Michigan then earned its first win against a ranked non-conference opponent and their second consecutive win against a ranked opponent on January 17 when it defeated #15 Connecticut 68–63 behind 18 points and 8 rebounds from Harris.[47] Subsequently, they lost three consecutive games to ranked conference opponents. On January 20, Michigan opened up a lead on Wisconsin who missed its first eight field goal attempts. They led until Wisconsin tied the game with 4 minutes and 4 seconds remaining. Wisconsin scored two subsequent baskets to take the lead. Wisconsin held on despite 23 points and 13 rebounds from Sims.[48][49] On January 23, while Manny Harris served a one-game suspension, Sims posted 21 points and Novak added 16, but after taking an 11–10 lead, the Wolverines surrendered a 16–2 run to Purdue that they never recovered from.[50] On January 26, the Wolverines hosted Michigan State who needed a Kalin Lucas basket with 3.5 seconds to play to earn the win, which resulted in Michigan state posting a school-record eight consecutive conference victories to start conference play.[51] On January 30, Michigan finished the month with a 60–46 win against Iowa to snap its three-game losing streak. Harris and Sims both contributed 20 points. Sims had 12 rebounds as well. Michigan scored the first 13 points of the game and after taking a 12-point lead into halftime, they scored the first 5 points of the second half.[52]FebruaryThe Wolverines began February with a 67–52 loss to Northwestern on February 2. Harris and Darius Morris, who each posted 11, were the high scorers. Northwestern pulled away with a 21–4 second half run.[53] On February 6, Michigan lost 62–44 to 16th ranked Wisconsin, who shot 9 for 13 on three point shots in the first half and only missed seven total shots in that time. Then Michigan only made one shot in the first eight minutes of the second half.[54] Then, Michigan went 7 for 14 on its three-point shots to beat Minnesota 71–63 behind 27 points from Sims and 20 from Harris.[55] On February 16, Michigan recovered from a 5-point deficit in the final twenty seconds on late shots by Sims including a three-pointer with 6.1 seconds remaining. Sims had 27 and Harris had 20 points as they both accumulated 10 rebounds and the team shot 14–27 on its three-point shots. In overtime Michigan, come from three points behind.[56] On February 20, despite 20 points by Harris, Michigan was unable to notch its first three-game winning streak against Penn State.[57] On February 23, Michigan shot only 20% in the first half and fell behind 26–18 and trailed Illinois most of the rest of the game despite 15 points and 11 rebounds from Harris.[58] On February 27, Michigan lost to Ohio State despite all of its starters scoring in double digits.[59]MarchOn March 2, Michigan defeated Minnesota 83–55 as Harris and Sims posted 23 and 22 points, respectively. The team posted its best shooting night of the season by going 32 for 53.[60] On March 7, Michigan concluded its regular season with a 64–48 loss to Michigan State. None of Michigan's starters posted double digit scoring and Zack Gibson led the team with 10 points.[61] The team only scored 14 points in the first half and did not score in the first 3 minutes and 50 seconds of the second half.[62] As a result, the team fell to a 7–11 conference record and was accorded the eighth seed in the 2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament where they were matched against ninth-seeded Iowa.[61] They defeated Iowa 59–52 behind 22 points, 9 rebounds and 3 steals by Harris. This earned them a matchup against the top-seeded Ohio State Buckeyes.[63] After trailing #5-ranked Ohio State by a 51–38 margin, sharpshooting by Harris and Douglass brought Michigan to within 59–57, which led to a frantic finish. Harris hit a shot with 2.2 seconds remaining to give Michigan a two-point lead before Turner hit a 37-foot 3-point shot to win the game.[64]","title":"Season"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091209_Michigan_Wolverines_vs._Utah_Utes_men%27s_basketball.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20091219_Douglass,_Novak_and_Sims_defend_against_Kansas_for_Michigan.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20100120_DeShawn_Sims_prepares_for_opening_tipoff_against_Keaton_Nankivil.jpg"},{"link_name":"Utah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Utah_Utes_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"},{"link_name":"Kansas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Kansas_Jayhawks_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"DeShawn Sims","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeShawn_Sims"},{"link_name":"Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Wisconsin_Badgers_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"Douglass","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stu_Douglass"}],"text":"Left: Wolverines vs. Utah (2009-12-09); Center: Sims (34), Novak (0) and Douglass (1) defend against #1-ranked Kansas. (2009-12-19); Right: DeShawn Sims prepareS for the opening tipoff against Wisconsin as Harris (# not visible), Lucas-Perry (31) Novak (# not visible) and Douglass (1) look on. (2010-01-20)","title":"Schedule"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[65]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MBSAQ-65"}],"text":"The team posted the following statistics:[65]","title":"Statistics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bob Cousy Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Cousy_Award"},{"link_name":"John Wooden Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wooden_Award"},{"link_name":"[66]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66"},{"link_name":"ESPN The Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_The_Magazine"},{"link_name":"College Sports Information Directors of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Sports_Information_Directors_of_America"},{"link_name":"[67]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-67"},{"link_name":"[68]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-68"},{"link_name":"National Association of Basketball Coaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Basketball_Coaches"},{"link_name":"[69]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-69"},{"link_name":"[70]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-70"},{"link_name":"[71]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-71"},{"link_name":"[72]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BTAWAACT-72"},{"link_name":"[73]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BTAACS-73"},{"link_name":"2010 NBA draft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_NBA_draft"},{"link_name":"[74]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-NBAD2010-74"},{"link_name":"John Wooden Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wooden_Award"},{"link_name":"Naismith Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naismith_Award"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MaOSGFWHo2S-28"},{"link_name":"Bob Cousy Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Cousy_Award"},{"link_name":"National Association of Basketball Coaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Basketball_Coaches"},{"link_name":"John Wooden Award","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wooden_Award"},{"link_name":"[75]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75"},{"link_name":"National Association of Basketball Coaches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Basketball_Coaches"},{"link_name":"ESPN The Magazine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_The_Magazine"},{"link_name":"CoSIDA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Sports_Information_Directors_of_America"}],"text":"Harris was named as a finalist for the 2010 Bob Cousy Award and a Midseason Top-30 finalist for the 2010 John Wooden Award.[66] Novak was a District 4 first-team 2009 Academic All-District Men's Basketball Team selection as selected by ESPN The Magazine and College Sports Information Directors of America.[67][68] Sims and Harris were both selected as second team National Association of Basketball Coaches All-District 7.[69] Both the Big Ten coaches and the media selected Sims and Harris to the 2nd and 3rd All-conference teams, respectively. Sims was also recognized as Michigan's Big Ten Sportsmanship Awards honoree.[70][71] Harris and Novak were selected as Academic All-Conference performers.[72][73] Neither Harris nor Sims was drafted in the 2010 NBA draft.[74]Manny HarrisPreseason first-team All-Big Ten\nPreseason John Wooden Award Top 50 watchlist\nPreseason Naismith Award Top 50 watchlist\nNovember 16, 2009 Big Ten Conference Player of the week[28]\nMidseason Wooden Award Top-30 finalist\nBob Cousy Award finalist\nNational Association of Basketball Coaches All-District second-team\nAll-Big Ten 3rd-team\nAcademic All-ConferenceDeShawn SimsPreseason John Wooden Award Top 50 watchlist\nJanuary 11, 2010 Big Ten Conferenct Player of the week[75]\nNational Association of Basketball Coaches All-District second-team\nAll-Big Ten 2nd-team\nBig Ten Sportsmanship AwardsZack NovakESPN The Magazine and CoSIDA Academic All-District\nAcademic All-Conference","title":"Individual Honors"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"NBA draft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_draft"},{"link_name":"[76]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-76"}],"text":"One player from this team was selected in the NBA draft.[76]","title":"Team players drafted into the NBA"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"Crisler Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.mgoblue.com/facilities/article.aspx?id=28648"},{"link_name":"archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20080524172649/http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/article.aspx?id=28648"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-MB07-8p190_2-0"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"Big Ten Network","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Network"},{"link_name":"Five teams host Midnight Madness on Friday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.bigtennetwork.com/sports/mbasketball/story.asp?list_id=47&story_id=3371914"},{"link_name":"dead link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"CBS Interactive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive"},{"link_name":"Michigan Madness Slated for Oct. 16 at Crisler Arena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/082009aab.html"},{"link_name":"archived","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//web.archive.org/web/20091019064429/http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/082009aab.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-CNBMFNP_5-0"},{"link_name":"The New York Times Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company"},{"link_name":"COLLEGES; N.C.A.A. 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997–98","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"1998–99","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"1999–2000","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2000–01","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2001–02","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2002–03","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2003–04","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2004–05","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2005–06","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2006–07","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2007–08","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2008–09","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2009–10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"2010–11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2011–12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2012–13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2013–14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2014–15","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2015–16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2016–17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2017–18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2018–19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2019–20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2020–21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2021–22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2022–23","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2023–24","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"},{"link_name":"2024–25","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_basketball_team"}],"text":"^ University of Michigan & Host Interactive. Crisler Arena; August 14, 2007 [archived May 24, 2008].\n\n^ 2007-08 Men's Basketball Media Guide. University of Michigan; 2007. p. 190.\n\n^ Big Ten Network. Five teams host Midnight Madness on Friday; October 14, 2009. [dead link]\n\n^ CBS Interactive. Michigan Madness Slated for Oct. 16 at Crisler Arena [archived October 19, 2009; Retrieved October 16, 2009].\n\n^ Hakim, Danny. The New York Times Company. COLLEGES; N.C.A.A. Bars Michigan From Next Postseason; May 9, 2003.\n\n^ \"University of Michigan Record Book: All-Time Accolades\" (PDF). CBS Interactive. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2011.\n\n^ a b ESPN Internet Ventures. Top 25 classes for the early signing period; November 13, 2008.\n\n^ National Letter of Intent. Signing Dates: For Prospective Student-Athletes Enrolling in the 2009-2010 Academic Year [archived August 22, 2008].\n\n^ GoBlueWolverine.com and Scout.com. Team Rankings.\n\n^ FOX Sports.com. Basketball Recruiting.\n\n^ STATS LLC. 2009 Signing Class.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Darius Morris – Point Guard.\n\n^ STATS LLC. Darius Morris.\n\n^ GoBlueWolverine.com and Scout.com. Darius Morris.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Grady to transfer from Michigan; April 2, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Kelvin Grady #19 WR.\n\n^ Arnold, Jeff. Michigan Live LLC. U-M incoming freshman Jordan Morgan to undergo knee surgery this week; June 29, 2009.\n\n^ Chengelis, Angelique S.. NCAA appearance a goal; October 14, 2009; p. 4B.\n\n^ UMhoops.com. Harris Named to Fox Sports Preseason All-American Team; September 9, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN.com. 2009-10 ESPN.com All-America teams; November 13, 2009.\n\n^ Wyrot, Tom. CBS Interactive. Harris, Sims Named Preseason Wooden Candidates; August 20, 2009 [archived October 19, 2009].\n\n^ Naismith Trophy 2009-10 Preseason Watch List Dominant With Upperclassmen; October 29, 2009 [archived November 11, 2009].\n\n^ CBS Interactive. Defending Big Ten Champion Michigan State Named Men's Basketball Preseason Favorite By Media: Reigning Big Ten Player of Year Kalin Lucas Tabbed Preseason Player of Year; October 29, 2009 [archived November 1, 2009].\n\n^ Rothstein, Michael. Sooner than he expected, Eso Akunne is on a basketball scholarship at Michigan; September 22, 2009.\n\n^ Josh Bartelstein to Walk-on at Michigan; April 29, 2009.\n\n^ a b \"2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Rankings - Preseason (Nov. 9)\". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved March 15, 2015.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris notches 2nd triple-double in school history as No. 15 Michigan cruises; November 14, 2009.\n\n^ a b CBS Interactive. Michigan and Ohio State Garner First Weekly Honors of 2009-10 Season: U-M's Harris and OSU's Turner help teams dominate competition in season openers; November 16, 2009 [archived July 3, 2010].\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris, Sims lead No. 16 Michigan's rout of Houston Baptist; November 20, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris sparks No. 15 Michigan in overtime; November 26, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2008–09 game log).\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2009–10 game log).\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Hayward, Butler combine for 39 to lead Marquette past Michigan; November 27, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Crimson Tide storm ahead in final seconds to defeat Michigan; November 29, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Boston College 62, Michigan 58; December 2, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 67, Ark.-Pine Bluff 53; December 5, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Utah 68, Michigan 52; December 9, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 75, Detroit 64; December 13, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Marcus Morris' career-high 23 help No. 1 Kansas top Michigan; December 19, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 76, Coppin St. 46; December 22, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Indiana 71, Michigan 65; December 31, 2009.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Sims, Harris help Michigan keep No. 15 Ohio St. winless in Big Ten; January 3, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 64, Penn St. 55; January 7, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Northwestern 68, Michigan 62; January 10, 2010.\n\n^ CBS Interactive. Michigan's DeShawn Sims Garners Player of the Week Laurels; January 11, 2010 [archived January 14, 2010].\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 69, Indiana 45; January 14, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Wolverines get signature win; Huskies slide to third straight loss; January 17, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Wisconsin uses late surge to hold off Michigan; January 20, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 48, (19) Wisconsin 54 (play-by-play); January 20, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Johnson scores 21 as Boilermakers drop Wolverines; January 23, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. No. 5 Michigan State reaches 8-0 in Big Ten after tough test from Michigan; January 26, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 60, Iowa 46; January 30, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Northwestern rides 21-4 second-half run to win over Michigan; February 2, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. No. 16 Wisconsin hits early 3s to drop Michigan; February 6, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 71, Minnesota 63; February 10, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 80, Iowa 78; February 16, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Penn St. 55, Michigan 51; February 20, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Illinois ends two-game skid by beating Michigan; February 23, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 55 (9) Ohio St 66; February 27, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN.com. Michigan 83, Minnesota 55; March 2, 2010.\n\n^ a b ESPN. Spartans earn share of Big Ten title behind Morgan's fast start; March 7, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN. Michigan 48 (14-16, 7-11 Big Ten), (12) Michigan St 64 (24-7, 14-4 Big Ten) (play-by-play); March 7, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN. Michigan 59, Iowa 52; March 11, 2010.\n\n^ ESPN. Buckeyes nip Wolverines to reach Big Ten semifinals; March 12, 2010.\n\n^ \"Men's Basketball Statistic Archive Query Page\". CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.\n\n^ CBS Interactive. Men's Basketball Release: Week 10: The Big Ten has featured eight teams in the AP Top 25 this season; Boilers set a new school record for 35 consecutive weeks ranked in the AP Poll.; January 11, 2010 [archived January 20, 2010].\n\n^ 2010 Academic All-District Men's Basketball Team [PDF]; February 4, 2010.\n\n^ CoSIDA ESPN the Magazine Academic All-District men's & women's basketball teams announced; February 4, 2010 [archived July 8, 2011].\n\n^ National Association of Basketball Coaches. National Association of Basketball Coaches Announces 2010 Division I All-District Teams [PDF]; March 16, 2010. [dead link]\n\n^ CBS Interactive. Big Ten Announces All-Big Ten Teams and Individual Honorees: Ohio State's Evan Turner Named Big Ten Player of the Year; March 8, 2010 [archived March 10, 2010].\n\n^ Big Ten Network. Big Ten to announce men's All-Big Ten teams; March 8, 2010 [archived May 15, 2010].\n\n^ \"Big Ten Announces Winter Academic All-Conference Teams: 536 student-athletes honored for classroom excellence\". CBS Interactive. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.\n\n^ \"2010 Winter Academic All-Big Ten\". CBS Interactive. March 31, 2010. Archived from the original on April 10, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.\n\n^ \"Draft NY10\". NBA.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2010. Retrieved June 25, 2010.\n\n^ CBS Interactive. Michigan's DeShawn Sims Garners Player of the Week Laurels; January 11, 2010 [archived January 14, 2010].\n\n^ \"2011 NBA Draft\". Basketball-reference.com. Retrieved April 25, 2014.vteMichigan Wolverines men's basketballVenues\nWaterman Gymnasium (1908–1923)\nFielding H. Yost Fieldhouse (1923–1967)\nCrisler Center (1967–present)\nRivalries\nDuke\nMichigan State\nOhio State\nCulture & lore\nFab Five (film)\nEd Martin scandal\nWWJ\nMichigan IMG Sports Network\nFox Sports Detroit\nJumpman Invitational\nPeople\nHead coaches\nNBA draftees\nStatistical leaders\nSeasons\nList of seasons\n1908–09\n1909–17\n1917–18\n1918–19\n1919–20\n1920–21\n1921–22\n1922–23\n1923–24\n1924–25\n1925–26\n1926–27\n1927–28\n1928–29\n1929–30\n1930–31\n1931–32\n1932–33\n1933–34\n1934–35\n1935–36\n1936–37\n1937–38\n1938–39\n1939–40\n1940–41\n1941–42\n1942–43\n1943–44\n1944–45\n1945–46\n1946–47\n1947–48\n1948–49\n1949–50\n1950–51\n1951–52\n1952–53\n1953–54\n1954–55\n1955–56\n1956–57\n1957–58\n1958–59\n1959–60\n1960–61\n1961–62\n1962–63\n1963–64\n1964–65\n1965–66\n1966–67\n1967–68\n1968–69\n1969–70\n1970–71\n1971–72\n1972–73\n1973–74\n1974–75\n1975–76\n1976–77\n1977–78\n1978–79\n1979–80\n1980–81\n1981–82\n1982–83\n1983–84\n1984–85\n1985–86\n1986–87\n1987–88\n1988–89\n1989–90\n1990–91\n1991–92\n1992–93\n1993–94\n1994–95\n1995–96\n1996–97\n1997–98\n1998–99\n1999–2000\n2000–01\n2001–02\n2002–03\n2003–04\n2004–05\n2005–06\n2006–07\n2007–08\n2008–09\n2009–10\n2010–11\n2011–12\n2012–13\n2013–14\n2014–15\n2015–16\n2016–17\n2017–18\n2018–19\n2019–20\n2020–21\n2021–22\n2022–23\n2023–24\n2024–25\nNCAA national championship in bold; NCAA Final Four appearances in italics","title":"Notes"}]
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[{"image_text":"Wolverines shake hands with Wisconsin after a 54–48 loss in Madison, WI. (2010-01-20)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/20100120_Michigan_Wolverines_and_Wisconsin_Badgers_shake_hands_after_game.jpg/220px-20100120_Michigan_Wolverines_and_Wisconsin_Badgers_shake_hands_after_game.jpg"},{"image_text":"Manny Harris watches Darius Morris split the Kansas defense.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/20091219_Manny_Harris_watches_Darius_Morris_split_the_Kansas_defense.jpg/220px-20091219_Manny_Harris_watches_Darius_Morris_split_the_Kansas_defense.jpg"},{"image_text":"Douglass guarded by Sherron Collins of Kansas","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/20091219_Stu_Douglass_guarded_by_Sherron_Collins.jpg/220px-20091219_Stu_Douglass_guarded_by_Sherron_Collins.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"2009-10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009-10_Big_Ten_Conference_men%27s_basketball_season"},{"title":"2010 Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Big_Ten_Conference_men%27s_basketball_tournament"},{"title":"2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Tournament"},{"title":"2009 Michigan Wolverines football team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team"},{"title":"2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_ice_hockey_team"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Michigan 2009 Basketball Commitments\". Rivals.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://michigan.rivals.com/commitments/basketball/2009","url_text":"\"Michigan 2009 Basketball Commitments\""}]},{"reference":"\"2009 Michigan Basketball Commits\". Scout.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=9&cfg=bb&c=8&yr=2009","url_text":"\"2009 Michigan Basketball Commits\""}]},{"reference":"\"ESPN\". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/recruiting/school/_/id/130/class/2009","url_text":"\"ESPN\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings\". Scout.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://scout.scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=9&cfg=bb&c=14&yr=2009","url_text":"\"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings\""}]},{"reference":"\"2009 Team Ranking\". Rivals.com. Retrieved April 7, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://basketballrecruiting.rivals.com/news/late-addition-gives-texas-class-a-boost","url_text":"\"2009 Team Ranking\""}]},{"reference":"\"Michigan 2010 Basketball Commitments\". Rivals.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://michigan.rivals.com/commitments/basketball/2010","url_text":"\"Michigan 2010 Basketball Commitments\""}]},{"reference":"\"2010 Michigan Basketball Commits\". Scout.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=9&cfg=bb&c=8&yr=2010","url_text":"\"2010 Michigan Basketball Commits\""}]},{"reference":"\"ESPN\". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/recruiting/school/_/id/130/class/2010","url_text":"\"ESPN\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings\". Scout.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://scout.scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=9&cfg=bb&c=14&yr=2010","url_text":"\"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings\""}]},{"reference":"\"2010 Team Ranking\". Rivals.com. Retrieved July 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://basketballrecruiting.rivals.com/news/uk-moves-to-no-1-in-team-rankings","url_text":"\"2010 Team Ranking\""}]},{"reference":"University of Michigan & Host Interactive. Crisler Arena; August 14, 2007 [archived May 24, 2008].","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/article.aspx?id=28648","url_text":"Crisler Arena"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080524172649/http://www.mgoblue.com/facilities/article.aspx?id=28648","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"2007-08 Men's Basketball Media Guide. University of Michigan; 2007. p. 190.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Big Ten Network. Five teams host Midnight Madness on Friday; October 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Ten_Network","url_text":"Big Ten Network"},{"url":"http://www.bigtennetwork.com/sports/mbasketball/story.asp?list_id=47&story_id=3371914","url_text":"Five teams host Midnight Madness on Friday"}]},{"reference":"CBS Interactive. Michigan Madness Slated for Oct. 16 at Crisler Arena [archived October 19, 2009; Retrieved October 16, 2009].","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive","url_text":"CBS Interactive"},{"url":"http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/082009aab.html","url_text":"Michigan Madness Slated for Oct. 16 at Crisler Arena"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091019064429/http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/082009aab.html","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"Hakim, Danny. The New York Times Company. COLLEGES; N.C.A.A. Bars Michigan From Next Postseason; May 9, 2003.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company","url_text":"The New York Times Company"},{"url":"https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E4D6173FF93AA35756C0A9659C8B63","url_text":"COLLEGES; N.C.A.A. Bars Michigan From Next Postseason"}]},{"reference":"\"University of Michigan Record Book: All-Time Accolades\" (PDF). CBS Interactive. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 1, 2011. Retrieved March 20, 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110401053817/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-baskbl/auto_pdf/bkm-all-time-accolades.pdf","url_text":"\"University of Michigan Record Book: All-Time Accolades\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive","url_text":"CBS Interactive"},{"url":"http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/mich/sports/m-baskbl/auto_pdf/bkm-all-time-accolades.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Top 25 classes for the early signing period; November 13, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/recruiting/basketball/mens/news/story?page=2009ncbclassranks","url_text":"Top 25 classes for the early signing period"}]},{"reference":"National Letter of Intent. Signing Dates: For Prospective Student-Athletes Enrolling in the 2009-2010 Academic Year [archived August 22, 2008].","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncaa.org/wps/portal/nli","url_text":"Signing Dates: For Prospective Student-Athletes Enrolling in the 2009-2010 Academic Year"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080822221233/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/portal/nli","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"GoBlueWolverine.com and Scout.com. Team Rankings.","urls":[{"url":"http://michigan.scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=9&c=14&cfg=bb&yr=2009","url_text":"Team Rankings"}]},{"reference":"FOX Sports.com. Basketball Recruiting.","urls":[{"url":"http://michigan.scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=9&c=8&cfg=bb&yr=2009","url_text":"Basketball Recruiting"}]},{"reference":"STATS LLC. 2009 Signing Class.","urls":[{"url":"http://rivals.yahoo.com/michigan/basketball/recruiting/commitments/2009","url_text":"2009 Signing Class"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Darius Morris – Point Guard.","urls":[{"url":"http://insider.espn.go.com/ncb/recruiting/tracker/player?recruitId=42995&season=2009","url_text":"Darius Morris – Point Guard"}]},{"reference":"STATS LLC. Darius Morris.","urls":[{"url":"http://rivals.yahoo.com/michigan/basketball/recruiting/player-Darius-Morris-67844","url_text":"Darius Morris"}]},{"reference":"GoBlueWolverine.com and Scout.com. Darius Morris.","urls":[{"url":"http://michigan.scout.com/a.z?s=162&p=8&c=1&nid=3222058","url_text":"Darius Morris"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Grady to transfer from Michigan; April 2, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://myespn.go.com/s/conversations/show/story/4036739","url_text":"Grady to transfer from Michigan"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. Kelvin Grady #19 WR.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/player/profile?playerId=481425","url_text":"Kelvin Grady #19 WR"}]},{"reference":"Arnold, Jeff. Michigan Live LLC. U-M incoming freshman Jordan Morgan to undergo knee surgery this week; June 29, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mlive.com/wolverines/basketball/index.ssf/2009/06/um_incoming_freshman_jordan_mo.html","url_text":"U-M incoming freshman Jordan Morgan to undergo knee surgery this week"}]},{"reference":"Chengelis, Angelique S.. NCAA appearance a goal; October 14, 2009; p. 4B.","urls":[{"url":"http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=NewsBank&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2012B56E44EDD8F040%20)&p_docid=12B56E44EDD8F040&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=12B56E44EDD8F040&f_openurl=yes&p_nbid=R56H50TLMTI3MDk1Mzc5NC4xMTg2MzI6MToxMDoxMjguMTIuMC4w&&p_multi=DTNB","url_text":"NCAA appearance a goal"}]},{"reference":"UMhoops.com. Harris Named to Fox Sports Preseason All-American Team; September 9, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.umhoops.com/2009/09/09/manny-harris-named-2nd-team-preseason-all-american/","url_text":"Harris Named to Fox Sports Preseason All-American Team"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. 2009-10 ESPN.com All-America teams; November 13, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/preview2009/news/story?id=4651093","url_text":"2009-10 ESPN.com All-America teams"}]},{"reference":"Wyrot, Tom. CBS Interactive. Harris, Sims Named Preseason Wooden Candidates; August 20, 2009 [archived October 19, 2009].","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive","url_text":"CBS Interactive"},{"url":"http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/082009aaa.html","url_text":"Harris, Sims Named Preseason Wooden Candidates"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091019064424/http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/082009aaa.html","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"Naismith Trophy 2009-10 Preseason Watch List Dominant With Upperclassmen; October 29, 2009 [archived November 11, 2009].","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naismithawards.com/PressBox/PressReleases/10292009PreseasonWatchlist/tabid/164/Default.aspx","url_text":"Naismith Trophy 2009-10 Preseason Watch List Dominant With Upperclassmen"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091111053620/http://www.naismithawards.com/PressBox/PressReleases/10292009PreseasonWatchlist/tabid/164/Default.aspx","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"CBS Interactive. Defending Big Ten Champion Michigan State Named Men's Basketball Preseason Favorite By Media: Reigning Big Ten Player of Year Kalin Lucas Tabbed Preseason Player of Year; October 29, 2009 [archived November 1, 2009].","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Interactive","url_text":"CBS Interactive"},{"url":"http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/102909aaa.html","url_text":"Defending Big Ten Champion Michigan State Named Men's Basketball Preseason Favorite By Media: Reigning Big Ten Player of Year Kalin Lucas Tabbed Preseason Player of Year"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091101122508/http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/102909aaa.html","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"Rothstein, Michael. Sooner than he expected, Eso Akunne is on a basketball scholarship at Michigan; September 22, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.annarbor.com/sports/quicker-than-he-expected-eso-akunne-is-on-a-basketball-scholarship-at-michigan/","url_text":"Sooner than he expected, Eso Akunne is on a basketball scholarship at Michigan"}]},{"reference":"Josh Bartelstein to Walk-on at Michigan; April 29, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.umhoops.com/2009/04/29/josh-bartelstein/","url_text":"Josh Bartelstein to Walk-on at Michigan"}]},{"reference":"\"2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Rankings - Preseason (Nov. 9)\". ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved March 15, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://espn.go.com/mens-college-basketball/rankings/_/year/2010/week/1/seasontype/2","url_text":"\"2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Rankings - Preseason (Nov. 9)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN","url_text":"ESPN"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris notches 2nd triple-double in school history as No. 15 Michigan cruises; November 14, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293190130","url_text":"Harris notches 2nd triple-double in school history as No. 15 Michigan cruises"}]},{"reference":"CBS Interactive. Michigan and Ohio State Garner First Weekly Honors of 2009-10 Season: U-M's Harris and OSU's Turner help teams dominate competition in season openers; November 16, 2009 [archived July 3, 2010].","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/111609aaa.html","url_text":"Michigan and Ohio State Garner First Weekly Honors of 2009-10 Season: U-M's Harris and OSU's Turner help teams dominate competition in season openers"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20100703214330/http://www.bigten.org/sports/m-baskbl/spec-rel/111609aaa.html","url_text":"archived"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris, Sims lead No. 16 Michigan's rout of Houston Baptist; November 20, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293240130","url_text":"Harris, Sims lead No. 16 Michigan's rout of Houston Baptist"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Harris sparks No. 15 Michigan in overtime; November 26, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293300130","url_text":"Harris sparks No. 15 Michigan in overtime"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2008–09 game log).","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/player/gamelog?playerId=36077&year=2009","url_text":"Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2008–09 game log)"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2009–10 game log).","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/player/gamelog?playerId=36077&year=2010","url_text":"Laval Lucas-Perry #31 G (2009–10 game log)"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Hayward, Butler combine for 39 to lead Marquette past Michigan; November 27, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293310269","url_text":"Hayward, Butler combine for 39 to lead Marquette past Michigan"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Crimson Tide storm ahead in final seconds to defeat Michigan; November 29, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293330333","url_text":"Crimson Tide storm ahead in final seconds to defeat Michigan"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Boston College 62, Michigan 58; December 2, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293360130","url_text":"Boston College 62, Michigan 58"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 67, Ark.-Pine Bluff 53; December 5, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293400130","url_text":"Michigan 67, Ark.-Pine Bluff 53"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Utah 68, Michigan 52; December 9, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293430254","url_text":"Utah 68, Michigan 52"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 75, Detroit 64; December 13, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293480130","url_text":"Michigan 75, Detroit 64"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Marcus Morris' career-high 23 help No. 1 Kansas top Michigan; December 19, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293532305","url_text":"Marcus Morris' career-high 23 help No. 1 Kansas top Michigan"}]},{"reference":"ESPN Internet Ventures. Michigan 76, Coppin St. 46; December 22, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN Internet Ventures"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293570130","url_text":"Michigan 76, Coppin St. 46"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. Indiana 71, Michigan 65; December 31, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=293650084","url_text":"Indiana 71, Michigan 65"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. Sims, Harris help Michigan keep No. 15 Ohio St. winless in Big Ten; January 3, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=300030130","url_text":"Sims, Harris help Michigan keep No. 15 Ohio St. winless in Big Ten"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. Michigan 64, Penn St. 55; January 7, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=300070213","url_text":"Michigan 64, Penn St. 55"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. Northwestern 68, Michigan 62; January 10, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=300100130","url_text":"Northwestern 68, Michigan 62"}]},{"reference":"CBS Interactive. 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Johnson scores 21 as Boilermakers drop Wolverines; January 23, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=300232509","url_text":"Johnson scores 21 as Boilermakers drop Wolverines"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. No. 5 Michigan State reaches 8-0 in Big Ten after tough test from Michigan; January 26, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=300260130","url_text":"No. 5 Michigan State reaches 8-0 in Big Ten after tough test from Michigan"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. Michigan 60, Iowa 46; January 30, 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com","url_text":"ESPN.com"},{"url":"http://scores.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=300300130","url_text":"Michigan 60, Iowa 46"}]},{"reference":"ESPN.com. 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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trellis_quantisation
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Trellis quantization
|
["1 References"]
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Data compression improvement algorithm
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Trellis quantization is an algorithm that can improve data compression in DCT-based encoding methods. It is used to optimize residual DCT coefficients after motion estimation in lossy video compression encoders such as Xvid and x264. Trellis quantization reduces the size of some DCT coefficients while recovering others to take their place. This process can increase quality because coefficients chosen by Trellis have the lowest rate-distortion ratio. Trellis quantization effectively finds the optimal quantization for each block to maximize the PSNR relative to bitrate. It has varying effectiveness depending on the input data and compression method.
References
VirtualDub/Xvid guide mentioning Trellis quantization
FFMPEGx option documentation
Trellis explanation and pseudocode by the x264-author
This computer science article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"data compression","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression"},{"link_name":"DCT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform"},{"link_name":"DCT","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform"},{"link_name":"motion estimation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_compensation#Motion_estimation"},{"link_name":"lossy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossy_compression"},{"link_name":"Xvid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xvid"},{"link_name":"x264","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X264"},{"link_name":"rate-distortion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_distortion"},{"link_name":"PSNR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSNR"},{"link_name":"bitrate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitrate"}],"text":"Trellis quantization is an algorithm that can improve data compression in DCT-based encoding methods. It is used to optimize residual DCT coefficients after motion estimation in lossy video compression encoders such as Xvid and x264. Trellis quantization reduces the size of some DCT coefficients while recovering others to take their place. This process can increase quality because coefficients chosen by Trellis have the lowest rate-distortion ratio. Trellis quantization effectively finds the optimal quantization for each block to maximize the PSNR relative to bitrate. It has varying effectiveness depending on the input data and compression method.","title":"Trellis quantization"}]
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[]
| null |
[]
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[{"Link":"http://www.doom9.org/index.html?/xvid-vdub-final.htm","external_links_name":"VirtualDub/Xvid guide mentioning Trellis quantization"},{"Link":"http://ffmpegx.com/options.html","external_links_name":"FFMPEGx option documentation"},{"Link":"http://akuvian.org/src/x264/trellis.txt","external_links_name":"Trellis explanation and pseudocode by the x264-author"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trellis_quantization&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant_of_Westmorland
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Lord Lieutenant of Westmorland
|
["1 References"]
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This is a list of people who have served as Lord-Lieutenant of Westmorland. The office was abolished on 31 March 1974 and replaced by the Lord Lieutenant of Cumbria. From 1751 to 1974, all Lord Lieutenants were also Custos Rotulorum of Westmorland.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008)
Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland 1553–1559
Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon 20 August 1586 – 14 December 1595
vacant?
George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland 1603–1605
vacant?
Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland 27 October 1607 – 4 January 1641 jointly with
George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar 27 October 1607 – 20 January 1611 and
Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk 27 October 1607 – 31 August 1639 and
Henry Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford 27 October 1607 – 1642 and
Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland 13 November 1626 – 31 August 1639 and
Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel 23 July 1632 – 31 August 1639 and
Henry Howard, Lord Maltravers 23 July 1632 – 31 August 1639
Interregnum
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 1 October 1660 – 24 February 1685
Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet 3 March 1685 – 1687
Richard Graham, 1st Viscount Preston 29 August 1687 – 1688
Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet 8 April 1689 – 1694
Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle 28 June 1694 – 1 May 1738
Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale 1 June 1738 – 7 March 1751
vacant
Sir William Lowther, 3rd Baronet 6 February 1753 – 15 April 1756
Sir John Pennington, 3rd Baronet 29 April 1756 – 1758
James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale 13 December 1759 – 24 May 1802
William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale 26 June 1802 – 19 March 1844
William Lowther, 2nd Earl of Lonsdale 3 May 1844 – 1868
Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale 14 December 1868 – 15 August 1876
Sir Richard Musgrave, 11th Baronet 3 October 1876 – 13 February 1881
Henry Tufton, 1st Baron Hothfield 15 March 1881 – 29 October 1926
Lord Henry Cavendish-Bentinck 8 December 1926 – 6 October 1931
Stanley Hughes le Fleming 7 December 1931 – 1939
Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther 1 December 1939 – 1945
James Winstanley Cropper 26 April 1945 – 10 November 1956
Henry Hornyold-Strickland 6 May 1957 – 1965
Lieutenant-Commander Paul Norman Wilson 12 November 1965 – 31 March 1974
References
J.C. Sainty (1970). "Lieutenancies of Counties, 1585–1642". Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (Special Supplement No. 8): 15–16, 36.
J.C. Sainty (1979). List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974. London: Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
vteLord-lieutenanciesLists of lord-lieutenantsEnglandcurrent
Bedfordshire
Berkshire
Bristol
Buckinghamshire
Cambridgeshire
Cheshire
Cornwall
Cumbria
Derbyshire
Devon
Dorset
Durham
East Riding of Yorkshire
East Sussex
Essex
Gloucestershire
Greater London
Greater Manchester
Hampshire
Herefordshire
Hertfordshire
Isle of Wight
Kent
Lancashire
Leicestershire
Lincolnshire
City of London
Merseyside
Norfolk
North Yorkshire
Northamptonshire
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Oxfordshire
Rutland
Shropshire
Somerset
South Yorkshire
Staffordshire
Suffolk
Surrey
Tyne and Wear
Warwickshire
West Midlands
West Sussex
West Yorkshire
Wiltshire
Worcestershire
former
Avon
Cinque Ports
Cleveland
Cumberland
Hereford and Worcester
Humberside
Huntingdon and Peterborough
Huntingdonshire
Isle of Ely
County of London
Middlesex
North Riding of Yorkshire
Sussex
Tower Hamlets
West Riding of Yorkshire
Westmorland
Yorkshire
Walescurrent
Clwyd
Dyfed
Gwent
Gwynedd
Mid Glamorgan
Powys
South Glamorgan
West Glamorgan
former
Anglesey
Brecknockshire
Caernarvonshire
Cardiganshire
Carmarthenshire
Denbighshire
Flintshire
Glamorgan
Haverfordwest
Merionethshire
Monmouthshire
Montgomeryshire
Pembrokeshire
Radnorshire
Wales
Scotlandcurrent
Aberdeen
Aberdeenshire
Angus
Argyll and Bute
Ayrshire and Arran
Banffshire
Berwickshire
Caithness
Clackmannanshire
Dumfries
Dunbartonshire
Dundee
East Lothian
Edinburgh
Fife
Glasgow
Inverness
Kincardineshire
Kirkcudbright
Lanarkshire
Midlothian
Moray
Nairn
Orkney
Perth and Kinross
Renfrewshire
Ross and Cromarty
Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale
Shetland
Stirling and Falkirk
Sutherland
Tweeddale
West Lothian
Western Isles
Wigtown
former
Argyllshire
Ayrshire
Buteshire
Cromarty
Kinross-shire
Orkney and Shetland
Peeblesshire
Perthshire
Ross-shire
Roxburghshire
Selkirkshire
Stirlingshire
Irelandcurrent
Antrim
Armagh
Belfast
Down
Fermanagh
City of Londonderry
County of Londonderry
Tyrone
former
Carlow
Cavan
Clare
Cork and City of Cork
Donegal
Drogheda
Dublin and City of Dublin
Galway
Town of Galway
Kerry
Kildare
Kilkenny
City of Kilkenny
King's County
Leitrim
Limerick and City of Limerick
Longford
Louth
Mayo
Meath
Monaghan
Queen's County
Roscommon
Sligo
Tipperary
Waterford and City of Waterford
Westmeath
Wexford
Wicklow
This article related to government in the United Kingdom or its constituent countries is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This article related to the history of the United Kingdom or its predecessor states is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This job-, occupation-, or vocation-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clifford,_2nd_Earl_of_Cumberland"},{"link_name":"Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hastings,_3rd_Earl_of_Huntingdon"},{"link_name":"George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland"},{"link_name":"Francis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Clifford,_4th_Earl_of_Cumberland"},{"link_name":"George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar"},{"link_name":"Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus_Howard,_2nd_Earl_of_Suffolk"},{"link_name":"Henry Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clifford,_5th_Earl_of_Cumberland"},{"link_name":"Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Percy,_10th_Earl_of_Northumberland"},{"link_name":"Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_21st_Earl_of_Arundel"},{"link_name":"Henry Howard, Lord Maltravers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Howard,_22nd_Earl_of_Arundel"},{"link_name":"Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard,_1st_Earl_of_Carlisle"},{"link_name":"Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Tufton,_6th_Earl_of_Thanet"},{"link_name":"Richard Graham, 1st Viscount Preston","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Graham,_1st_Viscount_Preston"},{"link_name":"Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lowther,_1st_Viscount_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Howard,_3rd_Earl_of_Carlisle"},{"link_name":"Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lowther,_3rd_Viscount_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"Sir William Lowther, 3rd Baronet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Lowther,_3rd_Baronet"},{"link_name":"Sir John Pennington, 3rd Baronet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir_John_Pennington,_3rd_Baronet&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"James Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lowther,_1st_Earl_of_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lowther,_1st_Earl_of_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"William Lowther, 2nd Earl of Lonsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lowther,_2nd_Earl_of_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"Henry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Lowther,_3rd_Earl_of_Lonsdale"},{"link_name":"Sir Richard Musgrave, 11th Baronet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Richard_Musgrave,_11th_Baronet"},{"link_name":"Henry Tufton, 1st Baron Hothfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Tufton,_1st_Baron_Hothfield"},{"link_name":"Lord Henry Cavendish-Bentinck","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Henry_Cavendish-Bentinck"},{"link_name":"Stanley Hughes le Fleming","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Hughes_le_Fleming&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Anthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Lowther,_Viscount_Lowther"},{"link_name":"James Winstanley Cropper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Winstanley_Cropper&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Henry Hornyold-Strickland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Hornyold-Strickland&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Paul Norman Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Norman_Wilson"}],"text":"Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland 1553–1559\nHenry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon 20 August 1586 – 14 December 1595\nvacant?\nGeorge Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland 1603–1605\nvacant?\nFrancis Clifford, 4th Earl of Cumberland 27 October 1607 – 4 January 1641 jointly with\nGeorge Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar 27 October 1607 – 20 January 1611 and\nTheophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk 27 October 1607 – 31 August 1639 and\nHenry Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford 27 October 1607 – 1642 and\nAlgernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland 13 November 1626 – 31 August 1639 and\nThomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel 23 July 1632 – 31 August 1639 and\nHenry Howard, Lord Maltravers 23 July 1632 – 31 August 1639\nInterregnum\nCharles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle 1 October 1660 – 24 February 1685\nThomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet 3 March 1685 – 1687\nRichard Graham, 1st Viscount Preston 29 August 1687 – 1688\nSir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet 8 April 1689 – 1694\nCharles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle 28 June 1694 – 1 May 1738\nHenry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale 1 June 1738 – 7 March 1751\nvacant\nSir William Lowther, 3rd Baronet 6 February 1753 – 15 April 1756\nSir John Pennington, 3rd Baronet 29 April 1756 – 1758\nJames Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale 13 December 1759 – 24 May 1802\nWilliam Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale 26 June 1802 – 19 March 1844\nWilliam Lowther, 2nd Earl of Lonsdale 3 May 1844 – 1868\nHenry Lowther, 3rd Earl of Lonsdale 14 December 1868 – 15 August 1876\nSir Richard Musgrave, 11th Baronet 3 October 1876 – 13 February 1881\nHenry Tufton, 1st Baron Hothfield 15 March 1881 – 29 October 1926\nLord Henry Cavendish-Bentinck 8 December 1926 – 6 October 1931\nStanley Hughes le Fleming 7 December 1931 – 1939\nAnthony Lowther, Viscount Lowther 1 December 1939 – 1945\nJames Winstanley Cropper 26 April 1945 – 10 November 1956\nHenry Hornyold-Strickland 6 May 1957 – 1965\nLieutenant-Commander Paul Norman Wilson 12 November 1965 – 31 March 1974","title":"Lord Lieutenant of Westmorland"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"J.C. Sainty (1970). \"Lieutenancies of Counties, 1585–1642\". Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (Special Supplement No. 8): 15–16, 36.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sainty_(civil_servant)","url_text":"J.C. Sainty"}]},{"reference":"J.C. Sainty (1979). List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974. London: Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sainty_(civil_servant)","url_text":"J.C. Sainty"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Lieutenant_of_Westmorland&action=edit","external_links_name":"adding missing items"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20191024165310/http://leighrayment.com/","external_links_name":"Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Lieutenant_of_Westmorland&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Lieutenant_of_Westmorland&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Lieutenant_of_Westmorland&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kunkel
|
Peter Kunkel
|
["1 References","2 External links"]
|
German footballer
Peter KunkelPersonal informationDate of birth
(1956-02-10) 10 February 1956 (age 68)Place of birth
Essen, West GermanyHeight
1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)Position(s)
ForwardYouth career
Union Essen-FrintropSenior career*Years
Team
Apps
(Gls)1978–1988
SG Wattenscheid 09
310
(87)Managerial career1997–2004
SG Wattenscheid 09 II2004
SG Wattenscheid 092008–2009
SSVg Velbert 022011–2013
Rot-Weiß Oberhausen II2011
→ Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (caretaker)2011–2014
Rot-Weiß Oberhausen2014–2015
Rot-Weiß Oberhausen II
*Club domestic league appearances and goals
Peter Kunkel (born 10 February 1956) is a German football manager and former player who played as a forward
References
^ "Kunkel, Peter" (in German). kicker.de. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
External links
Peter Kunkel at WorldFootball.net
Peter Kunkel at fussballdaten.de (in German)
This biographical article related to association football in Germany, about a forward born in the 1950s, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football"},{"link_name":"forward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_(association_football)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Peter Kunkel (born 10 February 1956) is a German football manager and former player who played as a forward[1]","title":"Peter Kunkel"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Kunkel, Peter\" (in German). kicker.de. Retrieved 27 January 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/1979-80/sg-wattenscheid-09-102/47471/spieler_peter-kunkel.html","url_text":"\"Kunkel, Peter\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/2bundesliga/vereine/2-bundesliga/1979-80/sg-wattenscheid-09-102/47471/spieler_peter-kunkel.html","external_links_name":"\"Kunkel, Peter\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/peter-kunkel/#wac_660x40_top","external_links_name":"Peter Kunkel"},{"Link":"https://www.fussballdaten.de/person/kunkelpeter/","external_links_name":"Peter Kunkel"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kunkel&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_dos_Escuteiros_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique
|
Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique
|
["1 Program","2 Ideals","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
|
National Scouting organization of Mozambique
Liga dos Escuteiros de MoçambiqueLeague of Scouts of MozambiqueCountryMozambiqueFounded1994Membership8000 (2020)Chief ScoutHermínio MuiamboAffiliationWorld Organization of the Scout Movement
Websitehttp://sites.google.com/site/scoutmoz/Home/
Scouting portal
The Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique (LEMO), the national Scouting organization of Mozambique, was founded in 1994, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1999. The coeducational Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique has 31,108 members as of 2017, with most members located in the major cities. The National Chief Scout Leonardo Adamowicz is from Poland, hence the Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique uniform is similar to the Polish uniform, adopted to climate differences. The similarities between the Mozambican Scout emblem and the Polish Scout lilijka may readily be noted, as well. The "D H P" in the emblem stands for Deus Honra Pátria, God Honor Country.
Mozambique hosted the 5th African Jamboree in 2006, and was expected to host the cancelled World Scout Moot in 2008. The association is a member of the Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono (Community of Lusophone Scouting).
Program
Scout games in Beira, 1930
The association is divided in four sections corresponding to age:
Lobitos (Cub Scouts) - ages 7 to 11
Exploradores juniores (Junior Explorers, i.e. Boy Scouts) - ages 12 to 15
Exploradores séniores (Senior Explorers, i.e. Explorer Scouts — ages 16 to 18
Caminheiros (Rover Scouts) - ages 19 to 21
Ideals
Scout Motto
The Scout Motto is Sempre Pronto, Be Prepared, in Portuguese.
Scout Promise
Tenho toda a vontade de oferecer a minha Pátria
Tudo de melhor que eu tenho e sei;
Toda minha força e vida;
Ajudar aos necessitados;
Lutar pela unidade nacional;
Cumprir a Lei do Escuteiro;
Ser disciplinado e útil na sociedade;
Deus me ajude;Sempre Pronto!
Scout Law
Escuteiro é verdadeiro e sua Palavra é sagrada.
O Escuta é leal.
O Escuta é prestavel e pratica diariamente uma boa acção.
O Escuta é amigo de todos e irmão de todos os outros escutas.
O Escuta é cortes.
O Escuta protege as plantas e os animais.
O Escuta é obediente.
O Escuta é alegre e sorri perante as dificuldades.
O Escuta é sóbrio, económico e respeitador do bem alheio.
O Escuta é puro nos pensamentos, nas palavras e nas acções.
See also
Mozambique Guides
References
^ "Mozambique to celebrate "Scout Cultural Heritage"". World Organization of the Scout Movement. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
^ "Triennal review: Census as at 1 December 2017" (PDF). World Organization of the Scout Movement. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
^ "13th Africa Scout Conference Report" (PDF). World Organization of the Scout Movement. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
^ a b c d Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique: Quem somos nós ?!
External links
Official website
vteMembers of the Africa Scout Region of the World Organization of the Scout MovementFull members
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Eswatini (Swaziland)
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé e Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
South Africa
South Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Potential members
Central African Republic
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Somalia
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scouting","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting"},{"link_name":"Mozambique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique"},{"link_name":"World Organization of the Scout Movement","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Organization_of_the_Scout_Movement"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Census_2017-2"},{"link_name":"Poland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Polish uniform","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Scouting_Association"},{"link_name":"5th African Jamboree","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Region"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"World Scout Moot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Scout_Moot"},{"link_name":"Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidade_do_Escutismo_Lus%C3%B3fono"},{"link_name":"Lusophone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusophone"}],"text":"The Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique (LEMO), the national Scouting organization of Mozambique, was founded in 1994, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1999.[1] The coeducational Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique has 31,108 members as of 2017,[2] with most members located in the major cities. The National Chief Scout Leonardo Adamowicz is from Poland, hence the Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique uniform is similar to the Polish uniform, adopted to climate differences. The similarities between the Mozambican Scout emblem and the Polish Scout lilijka may readily be noted, as well. The \"D H P\" in the emblem stands for Deus Honra Pátria, God Honor Country.Mozambique hosted the 5th African Jamboree in 2006,[3] and was expected to host the cancelled World Scout Moot in 2008. The association is a member of the Comunidade do Escutismo Lusófono (Community of Lusophone Scouting).","title":"Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_76_-_Jogos_de_escoteiros_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg"},{"link_name":"Beira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beira,_Mozambique"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LEMO_presentation-4"},{"link_name":"Cub Scouts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cub_Scout"},{"link_name":"Boy Scouts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_Scout"},{"link_name":"Explorer Scouts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_Scout"},{"link_name":"Rover Scouts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rover_Scout"}],"text":"Scout games in Beira, 1930The association is divided in four sections corresponding to age:[4]Lobitos (Cub Scouts) - ages 7 to 11\nExploradores juniores (Junior Explorers, i.e. Boy Scouts) - ages 12 to 15\nExploradores séniores (Senior Explorers, i.e. Explorer Scouts — ages 16 to 18\nCaminheiros (Rover Scouts) - ages 19 to 21","title":"Program"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Scout Motto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Motto"},{"link_name":"Portuguese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_language"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LEMO_presentation-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LEMO_presentation-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LEMO_presentation-4"}],"text":"Scout MottoThe Scout Motto is Sempre Pronto, Be Prepared, in Portuguese.[4]Scout Promise[4]Tenho toda a vontade de oferecer a minha Pátria\nTudo de melhor que eu tenho e sei;\nToda minha força e vida;\nAjudar aos necessitados; \nLutar pela unidade nacional;\nCumprir a Lei do Escuteiro;\nSer disciplinado e útil na sociedade;\nDeus me ajude;Sempre Pronto!Scout Law[4]Escuteiro é verdadeiro e sua Palavra é sagrada.\nO Escuta é leal.\nO Escuta é prestavel e pratica diariamente uma boa acção.\nO Escuta é amigo de todos e irmão de todos os outros escutas.\nO Escuta é cortes.\nO Escuta protege as plantas e os animais.\nO Escuta é obediente.\nO Escuta é alegre e sorri perante as dificuldades.\nO Escuta é sóbrio, económico e respeitador do bem alheio.\nO Escuta é puro nos pensamentos, nas palavras e nas acções.","title":"Ideals"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Scout games in Beira, 1930","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_76_-_Jogos_de_escoteiros_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg/220px-TT_CMZ-AF-GT_E_2-1_10_76_-_Jogos_de_escoteiros_da_Escola_de_Artes_e_Of%C3%ADcios.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"Mozambique Guides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_Guides"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Mozambique to celebrate \"Scout Cultural Heritage\"\". World Organization of the Scout Movement. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2009-01-30.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081205154252/http://www.scout.org/en/around_the_world/africa/information_events/news/mozambique_to_celebrate_scout_cultural_heritage","url_text":"\"Mozambique to celebrate \"Scout Cultural Heritage\"\""},{"url":"http://www.scout.org/en/around_the_world/africa/information_events/news/mozambique_to_celebrate_scout_cultural_heritage","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Triennal review: Census as at 1 December 2017\" (PDF). World Organization of the Scout Movement. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 2011-01-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120508035838/http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf","url_text":"\"Triennal review: Census as at 1 December 2017\""},{"url":"http://scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"13th Africa Scout Conference Report\" (PDF). World Organization of the Scout Movement. Retrieved 2009-01-30.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/12893/103407/file/Kigali%20Conference%20Report.pdf","url_text":"\"13th Africa Scout Conference Report\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://sites.google.com/site/scoutmoz/Home/","external_links_name":"http://sites.google.com/site/scoutmoz/Home/"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20081205154252/http://www.scout.org/en/around_the_world/africa/information_events/news/mozambique_to_celebrate_scout_cultural_heritage","external_links_name":"\"Mozambique to celebrate \"Scout Cultural Heritage\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.scout.org/en/around_the_world/africa/information_events/news/mozambique_to_celebrate_scout_cultural_heritage","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120508035838/http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Triennal review: Census as at 1 December 2017\""},{"Link":"http://scout.org/en/content/download/22261/199900/file/Census.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.scout.org/en/content/download/12893/103407/file/Kigali%20Conference%20Report.pdf","external_links_name":"\"13th Africa Scout Conference Report\""},{"Link":"https://sites.google.com/site/scoutmoz/alerta/quem-somos-nos","external_links_name":"Liga dos Escuteiros de Moçambique: Quem somos nós ?!"},{"Link":"https://sites.google.com/site/scoutmoz/Home/","external_links_name":"Official website"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois_de_Bas
|
François de Bas
|
["1 Life","2 Career","3 Works","4 References","5 External links"]
|
Dutch general
François de BasGeneral François de BasBornFrançois de Bas(1840-09-10)10 September 1840The HagueDied9 February 1931(1931-02-09) (aged 90)The Hague, NetherlandsNationality NetherlandsOccupationmilitary historian
François de Bas (10 September 1840 – 22 February 1931) was a Dutch general and military historian. He almost single-handedly founded the military-history section of the Dutch General Staff. He co-authored major historical works on the Dutch States Army and the Campaign of 1815, which climaxed with the Battle of Waterloo. The latter work is still the authoritative source on the Dutch-Belgian role in that battle, because it contains copies of after-battle reports of Dutch officers who participated in the battle, the originals of which were lost in a Royal Air Force bombardment of the Dutch Army archives in 1945.: 376 fn. 19
Life
De Bas was born in The Hague, the son of Willem Jacobus de Bas, Heer of Barwoutswaarder en Bekenes, and Johanna Maria Köhler. He married Maria Cornelia Wilhelmina Vinkhuyzen on 26 August 1863. They had five surviving children.
Career
After boarding school (the academy of Guillaume Alexander Burnier in The Hague), De Bas entered the Royal Dutch Military Academy in Breda as a cadet of Horse on 4 September 1856. He received a commission as a second lieutenant in the Third Regiment of Dragoons on 1 July 1860. After only four years he was made a first lieutenant in the Dutch General Staff. In 1868 he was one of four young officers who were admitted to the first class in the Dutch Staff college, from which he graduated, first in the class, in 1872. The same year he was promoted to captain of Horse in the Second Regiment of Hussars. In 1873 he joined the General Staff again as a captain. He served as a professor at the Staff College from 1878 till 1885. In the latter year he was promoted to major and reassigned to his old cavalry regiment, where he soon received a promotion to lieutenant colonel.
However, soon after that promotion his career was cut short by a scandal in his regiment. His daughter was "seduced" by a fellow officer, a young second lieutenant, and the two young people were forced to marry. In the social circumstances of the Dutch army of the time the scandal also reflected on the father and he was no longer considered worthy of advancement. For that reason he asked to be put on non-active status in August 1890.
However, this setback prompted him to embark on a second career, that would bring him much more renown. As a student at the Staff College he had been seconded in 1870 to Lieutenant General Willem Jan Knoop, the doyen of Dutch military historians at the time. Knoop had made the suggestion in 1858 to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences to collect the Dutch military archives and make them available for publication. Though the Academy advised favorably on this project at the time it would take until the 1890s before the plan came to fruition. De Bas became the person to implement the project.
His qualification for the task was that he already had made a name for himself as a military historian with his biography of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands and the wider military history surrounding that general's career (which encompassed the Battle of Waterloo and the Belgian Revolution). In 1890 De Bas proposed to the Minister for War, J.W. Bergansius, the founding of a military-history section in the General Staff. Though this proposal was not followed at the time, the Minister gave him a commission to start collecting sources on Dutch military history.
De Bas in 1926
In 1895 De Bas, still a lieutenant colonel, was formally retired at his own request, but given the titular rank of colonel. In 1897 he was made director of the Military Archives of the General Staff. He had already received a temporary commission at the Archives of the Dutch royal house in 1892. In the latter function he negotiated in 1900 with the head of the House of Nassau, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, on behalf of Queen Emma of the Netherlands about the right of the descendants of her daughter, Queen Wilhelmina, who was about to marry Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, to keep using the Nassau name.
As director of the Military Archives he regularly published the sources he had uncovered. He also (after negotiations with the Belgian government) co-authored a history of the Dutch and Belgian troops in the Battle of Quatre-Bras and that of Waterloo in four volumes with the colonel of the Belgian General Staff, Jacques, count of 'tSerclaes de Wommersom that was published in 1908/9. The work may be seen as an attempt to redress the often disparaging account given in especially Anglophone historical works, like the ones by William Siborne and his son Henry Taylor Siborne, and the British historians that based themselves on their sources, of the conduct of the Dutch and Belgian troops and their commanding officers at those battles.: 19–30 His efforts in this respect brought him the promotion to titulary Major General in 1908.
In 1908 he was joined at the military-history section of the General Staff by lieutenant-colonel (ret.) F.J.G. ten Raa, who had already collected most of the material for a standard work on the history of the Dutch States Army (the army of the Dutch Republic). The first volume of this work was published in 1911 and De Bas used his position as head of the military-history section to have himself named as co-author of this book, though it was virtually entirely written by Ten Raa. However, this kind of arrangement was not unheard of in academic circles at the time. Ten Raa was recognized as sole author of volumes 6 and 7 in 1940, and 1950, respectively.
De Bas was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1913. He remained at the military-history section till bad health forced him to resign in 1927, almost 87 years old at the time. He died in 1931 in The Hague.
Works
De Bas, François (1887). Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 1. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
De Bas, François (1891). Prins Frederik der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 2. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
De Bas, François (1903). Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 3. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
Bas, F de, and J. De T'Serclaes de Wommersom (1908–1909). La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais. Tomes: I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes et notes. IV: supplément: cartes et plans. Paris: Librairie Plon.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bas, François de (1908). Tôme I: Quatre-Bras (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.
Bas, François de (1908). Tôme II: Waterloo (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.
Bas, François de (1908). Tôme III: Annexes et notes (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.
Ten Raa, F.J.G. and F. de Bas (1911–1950). Het Staatsche Leger, 1568–1795. Breda.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
References
^ a b Hamilton-Williams, David (1993). Waterloo. New Perspectives. The Great Battle Reappraised. London: Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-471-05225-6.
^ Tinschert, C. (2005). Boodschap aan de bevolking van Den Haag - Oorzaken, gevolgen en nasleep van het mislukte bombardement op het Bezuidenhout, 3 maart 1945. SDU.
^ a b c d e f g h i Zwitzer, H.L. (1989). "Bas, François de (1840-1931)". Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland 3. Den Haag. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
External links
"List of publications of François de Bas, available on Digital Library for Dutch Literature". Retrieved 27 April 2013.
Works by or about François de Bas at Internet Archive
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
France
BnF data
Germany
Belgium
United States
Netherlands
Vatican
Academics
CiNii
People
Netherlands
Other
IdRef
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dutch States Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_States_Army"},{"link_name":"Battle of Waterloo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo"},{"link_name":"Royal Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hamilton-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tinschert-2"}],"text":"François de Bas (10 September 1840 – 22 February 1931) was a Dutch general and military historian. He almost single-handedly founded the military-history section of the Dutch General Staff. He co-authored major historical works on the Dutch States Army and the Campaign of 1815, which climaxed with the Battle of Waterloo. The latter work is still the authoritative source on the Dutch-Belgian role in that battle, because it contains copies of after-battle reports of Dutch officers who participated in the battle, the originals of which were lost in a Royal Air Force bombardment of the Dutch Army archives in 1945.[1]: 376 fn. 19 [2]","title":"François de Bas"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Hague","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague"},{"link_name":"Heer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heerlijkheid#The_heer"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"}],"text":"De Bas was born in The Hague, the son of Willem Jacobus de Bas, Heer of Barwoutswaarder en Bekenes, and Johanna Maria Köhler. He married Maria Cornelia Wilhelmina Vinkhuyzen on 26 August 1863. They had five surviving children.[3]","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Royal Dutch Military Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninklijke_Militaire_Academie"},{"link_name":"Breda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breda"},{"link_name":"cadet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadet"},{"link_name":"second lieutenant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_lieutenant"},{"link_name":"Dragoons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragoon"},{"link_name":"first lieutenant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_lieutenant"},{"link_name":"Staff college","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staff_college"},{"link_name":"captain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(land)"},{"link_name":"Hussars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussar"},{"link_name":"major","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_(rank)"},{"link_name":"lieutenant colonel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"link_name":"Lieutenant General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_General"},{"link_name":"Willem Jan Knoop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Jan_Knoop"},{"link_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"link_name":"Prince Frederick of the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_the_Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Belgian Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Revolution"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De_70-jarige_geschiedkundige_en_schriver_Luitenant-Generaal_De_Bas,_directeur_Krijgsgeschiedkundig,_SFA022000157.jpg"},{"link_name":"colonel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel"},{"link_name":"House of Nassau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Nassau"},{"link_name":"Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg"},{"link_name":"Queen Emma of the Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_of_Waldeck_and_Pyrmont"},{"link_name":"Queen Wilhelmina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Henry_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"link_name":"Battle of Quatre-Bras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Quatre-Bras"},{"link_name":"Jacques, count of 'tSerclaes de Wommersom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacques,_count_of_%27tSerclaes_de_Wommersom&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"William Siborne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Siborne"},{"link_name":"Henry Taylor Siborne","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Taylor_Siborne"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Hamilton-1"},{"link_name":"Major General","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_General"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"link_name":"Dutch Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Republic"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Zwitzer-3"}],"text":"After boarding school (the academy of Guillaume Alexander Burnier in The Hague), De Bas entered the Royal Dutch Military Academy in Breda as a cadet of Horse on 4 September 1856. He received a commission as a second lieutenant in the Third Regiment of Dragoons on 1 July 1860. After only four years he was made a first lieutenant in the Dutch General Staff. In 1868 he was one of four young officers who were admitted to the first class in the Dutch Staff college, from which he graduated, first in the class, in 1872. The same year he was promoted to captain of Horse in the Second Regiment of Hussars. In 1873 he joined the General Staff again as a captain. He served as a professor at the Staff College from 1878 till 1885. In the latter year he was promoted to major and reassigned to his old cavalry regiment, where he soon received a promotion to lieutenant colonel.[3]However, soon after that promotion his career was cut short by a scandal in his regiment. His daughter was \"seduced\" by a fellow officer, a young second lieutenant, and the two young people were forced to marry. In the social circumstances of the Dutch army of the time the scandal also reflected on the father and he was no longer considered worthy of advancement. For that reason he asked to be put on non-active status in August 1890.[3]However, this setback prompted him to embark on a second career, that would bring him much more renown. As a student at the Staff College he had been seconded in 1870 to Lieutenant General Willem Jan Knoop, the doyen of Dutch military historians at the time. Knoop had made the suggestion in 1858 to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences to collect the Dutch military archives and make them available for publication. Though the Academy advised favorably on this project at the time it would take until the 1890s before the plan came to fruition. De Bas became the person to implement the project.[3]His qualification for the task was that he already had made a name for himself as a military historian with his biography of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands and the wider military history surrounding that general's career (which encompassed the Battle of Waterloo and the Belgian Revolution). In 1890 De Bas proposed to the Minister for War, J.W. Bergansius, the founding of a military-history section in the General Staff. Though this proposal was not followed at the time, the Minister gave him a commission to start collecting sources on Dutch military history.[3]De Bas in 1926In 1895 De Bas, still a lieutenant colonel, was formally retired at his own request, but given the titular rank of colonel. In 1897 he was made director of the Military Archives of the General Staff. He had already received a temporary commission at the Archives of the Dutch royal house in 1892. In the latter function he negotiated in 1900 with the head of the House of Nassau, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, on behalf of Queen Emma of the Netherlands about the right of the descendants of her daughter, Queen Wilhelmina, who was about to marry Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, to keep using the Nassau name.[3]As director of the Military Archives he regularly published the sources he had uncovered. He also (after negotiations with the Belgian government) co-authored a history of the Dutch and Belgian troops in the Battle of Quatre-Bras and that of Waterloo in four volumes with the colonel of the Belgian General Staff, Jacques, count of 'tSerclaes de Wommersom that was published in 1908/9. The work may be seen as an attempt to redress the often disparaging account given in especially Anglophone historical works, like the ones by William Siborne and his son Henry Taylor Siborne, and the British historians that based themselves on their sources, of the conduct of the Dutch and Belgian troops and their commanding officers at those battles.[1]: 19–30 His efforts in this respect brought him the promotion to titulary Major General in 1908.[3]In 1908 he was joined at the military-history section of the General Staff by lieutenant-colonel (ret.) F.J.G. ten Raa, who had already collected most of the material for a standard work on the history of the Dutch States Army (the army of the Dutch Republic). The first volume of this work was published in 1911 and De Bas used his position as head of the military-history section to have himself named as co-author of this book, though it was virtually entirely written by Ten Raa. However, this kind of arrangement was not unheard of in academic circles at the time. Ten Raa was recognized as sole author of volumes 6 and 7 in 1940, and 1950, respectively.[3]De Bas was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1913. He remained at the military-history section till bad health forced him to resign in 1927, almost 87 years old at the time. He died in 1931 in The Hague.[3]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=livrAAAAMAAJ&q=editions:KR2VRpMN5HgC"},{"link_name":"Prins Frederik der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=1SzrAAAAMAAJ&q=Prins+Frederik+der+Nederlanden+en+zijn+tijd%2C+Volume+2"},{"link_name":"Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=dC3rAAAAMAAJ&q=Bas+Prins+Frederik+der+Nederlanden+en+zijn+tijd"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list"},{"link_name":"Tôme I: Quatre-Bras","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=lKazYEm_dw8C&q=Bas+Wommerson"},{"link_name":"Tôme II: Waterloo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=0ZsLAQAAIAAJ&q=Bas+Wommersom++Waterloo"},{"link_name":"Tôme III: Annexes et notes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=V5wLAQAAIAAJ&q=Bas+Wommersom++Annexes+et+notes"},{"link_name":"cite book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher"}],"text":"De Bas, François (1887). Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 1. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 31 March 2013.\nDe Bas, François (1891). Prins Frederik der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 2. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 31 March 2013.\nDe Bas, François (1903). Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 3. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 26 April 2013.\nBas, F de, and J. De T'Serclaes de Wommersom (1908–1909). La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais. Tomes: I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes et notes. IV: supplément: cartes et plans. Paris: Librairie Plon.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)\nBas, François de (1908). Tôme I: Quatre-Bras (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.\nBas, François de (1908). Tôme II: Waterloo (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.\nBas, François de (1908). Tôme III: Annexes et notes (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.\nTen Raa, F.J.G. and F. de Bas (1911–1950). Het Staatsche Leger, 1568–1795. Breda.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)","title":"Works"}]
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[{"image_text":"De Bas in 1926","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/De_70-jarige_geschiedkundige_en_schriver_Luitenant-Generaal_De_Bas%2C_directeur_Krijgsgeschiedkundig%2C_SFA022000157.jpg/220px-De_70-jarige_geschiedkundige_en_schriver_Luitenant-Generaal_De_Bas%2C_directeur_Krijgsgeschiedkundig%2C_SFA022000157.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"De Bas, François (1887). Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 1. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 31 March 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=livrAAAAMAAJ&q=editions:KR2VRpMN5HgC","url_text":"Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 1"}]},{"reference":"De Bas, François (1891). Prins Frederik der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 2. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 31 March 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=1SzrAAAAMAAJ&q=Prins+Frederik+der+Nederlanden+en+zijn+tijd%2C+Volume+2","url_text":"Prins Frederik der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 2"}]},{"reference":"De Bas, François (1903). Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 3. H. A. M. Roelants. Retrieved 26 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=dC3rAAAAMAAJ&q=Bas+Prins+Frederik+der+Nederlanden+en+zijn+tijd","url_text":"Prins Frederik Der Nederlanden en Zijn Tijd, vol. 3"}]},{"reference":"Bas, F de, and J. De T'Serclaes de Wommersom (1908–1909). La campagne de 1815 aux Pays-Bas d'après les rapports officiels néerlandais. Tomes: I: Quatre-Bras. II: Waterloo. III: Annexes et notes. IV: supplément: cartes et plans. Paris: Librairie Plon.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Bas, François de (1908). Tôme I: Quatre-Bras (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=lKazYEm_dw8C&q=Bas+Wommerson","url_text":"Tôme I: Quatre-Bras"}]},{"reference":"Bas, François de (1908). Tôme II: Waterloo (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZsLAQAAIAAJ&q=Bas+Wommersom++Waterloo","url_text":"Tôme II: Waterloo"}]},{"reference":"Bas, François de (1908). Tôme III: Annexes et notes (in French). Retrieved 27 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=V5wLAQAAIAAJ&q=Bas+Wommersom++Annexes+et+notes","url_text":"Tôme III: Annexes et notes"}]},{"reference":"Ten Raa, F.J.G. and F. de Bas (1911–1950). Het Staatsche Leger, 1568–1795. Breda.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Hamilton-Williams, David (1993). Waterloo. New Perspectives. The Great Battle Reappraised. London: Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-471-05225-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-05225-6","url_text":"0-471-05225-6"}]},{"reference":"Tinschert, C. (2005). Boodschap aan de bevolking van Den Haag - Oorzaken, gevolgen en nasleep van het mislukte bombardement op het Bezuidenhout, 3 maart 1945. SDU.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Zwitzer, H.L. (1989). \"Bas, François de (1840-1931)\". Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland 3. Den Haag. Retrieved 26 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.historici.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn3/bas","url_text":"\"Bas, François de (1840-1931)\""}]},{"reference":"\"List of publications of François de Bas, available on Digital Library for Dutch Literature\". Retrieved 27 April 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/auteur.php?id=bas_016","url_text":"\"List of publications of François de Bas, available on Digital Library for Dutch Literature\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A7
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Anion exchange transporter
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["1 Function","2 See also","3 References","4 Further reading"]
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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SLC26A7IdentifiersAliasesSLC26A7, SUT2, solute carrier family 26 member 7External IDsOMIM: 608479; MGI: 2384791; HomoloGene: 13770; GeneCards: SLC26A7; OMA:SLC26A7 - orthologsGene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 8 (human)Band8q21.3Start91,209,494 bpEnd91,398,155 bpGene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 4 (mouse)Band4|4 A1Start14,502,430 bpEnd14,621,805 bpRNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse (ortholog)Top expressed inthyroid glandright lobe of thyroid glandleft lobe of thyroid glandretinal pigment epitheliumrenal medullahuman kidneytesticleendometriumlymph nodeplacentaTop expressed investibular membrane of cochlear ductretinal pigment epitheliumciliary bodyirisolfactory epitheliumrenal corpusclevestibular sensory epitheliumpineal glandlumbar spinal ganglionmolarMore reference expression dataBioGPSn/aGene ontologyMolecular function
anion channel activity
anion transmembrane transporter activity
sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity
oxalate transmembrane transporter activity
chloride channel activity
chloride transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular component
cytoplasm
integral component of membrane
endosome
membrane
plasma membrane
integral component of plasma membrane
recycling endosome membrane
basolateral plasma membrane
Biological process
oxalate transport
sulfate transport
gastric acid secretion
regulation of membrane potential
regulation of intracellular pH
ion transport
anion transport
bicarbonate transport
chloride transport
chloride transmembrane transport
anion transmembrane transport
sulfate transmembrane transport
transmembrane transport
Sources:Amigo / QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez115111208890EnsemblENSG00000147606ENSMUSG00000040569UniProtQ8TE54Q8R2Z3RefSeq (mRNA)NM_134266NM_001282356NM_001282357NM_052832NM_145947RefSeq (protein)NP_001269285NP_001269286NP_439897NP_599028NP_666059Location (UCSC)Chr 8: 91.21 – 91.4 MbChr 4: 14.5 – 14.62 MbPubMed searchWikidataView/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
Anion exchange transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A7 gene.
Function
This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of exons) and protein (aa length among species) structures yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. This gene has abundant and specific expression in the kidney. Splice variants that use both alternate transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites have been described for this gene.
See also
Solute carrier family
References
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000147606 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040569 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Lohi H, Kujala M, Makela S, Lehtonen E, Kestila M, Saarialho-Kere U, Markovich D, Kere J (April 2002). "Functional characterization of three novel tissue-specific anion exchangers SLC26A7, -A8, and -A9". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 14246–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111802200. PMID 11834742.
^ Vincourt JB, Jullien D, Kossida S, Amalric F, Girard JP (February 2002). "Molecular cloning of SLC26A7, a novel member of the SLC26 sulfate/anion transporter family, from high endothelial venules and kidney". Genomics. 79 (2): 249–56. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6689. PMID 11829495.
^ Xu J, Worrell RT, Li HC, Barone SL, Petrovic S, Amlal H, Soleimani M (April 2006). "Chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A7 is localized in endosomes in medullary collecting duct cells and is targeted to the basolateral membrane in hypertonicity and potassium depletion". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 17 (4): 956–67. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005111174. PMID 16524946.
^ a b "Entrez Gene: SLC26A7 solute carrier family 26, member 7".
Further reading
Markovich D (October 2001). "Physiological roles and regulation of mammalian sulfate transporters". Physiological Reviews. 81 (4): 1499–533. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1499. PMID 11581495. S2CID 30942862.
Petrovic S, Ju X, Barone S, Seidler U, Alper SL, Lohi H, Kere J, Soleimani M (June 2003). "Identification of a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to gastric parietal cells". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 284 (6): G1093–103. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2002. PMID 12736153.
Petrovic S, Barone S, Xu J, Conforti L, Ma L, Kujala M, Kere J, Soleimani M (January 2004). "SLC26A7: a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to intercalated cells of the outer medullary collecting duct". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 286 (1): F161–9. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2003. PMID 12965893. S2CID 25003214.
Barone S, Amlal H, Xu J, Kujala M, Kere J, Petrovic S, Soleimani M (August 2004). "Differential regulation of basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchangers SLC26A7 and AE1 in kidney outer medullary collecting duct". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 15 (8): 2002–11. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000135060.83250.07. PMID 15284286.
Kujala M, Tienari J, Lohi H, Elomaa O, Sariola H, Lehtonen E, Kere J (2006). "SLC26A6 and SLC26A7 anion exchangers have a distinct distribution in human kidney". Nephron Experimental Nephrology. 101 (2): e50–8. doi:10.1159/000086345. PMID 15956810. S2CID 26671784.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
vteMembrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A)By groupSLC1–10(1):
high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter
SLC1A1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(2):
facilitative GLUT transporter
SLC2A1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
(3):
heavy subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters
SLC3A1
2
(4):
bicarbonate transporter
SLC4A1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
(5):
sodium glucose cotransporter
SLC5A1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
(6):
sodium- and chloride- dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters
SLC6A1
SLC6A2
SLC6A3
SLC6A4
SLC6A5
SLC6A6
SLC6A7
SLC6A8
SLC6A9
SLC6A10
SLC6A11
SLC6A12
SLC6A13
SLC6A14
SLC6A15
SLC6A16
SLC6A17
SLC6A18
SLC6A19
SLC6A20
(7):
cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated
SLC7A1
SLC7A2
SLC7A3
SLC7A4
glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters
SLC7A5
SLC7A6
SLC7A7
SLC7A8
SLC7A9
SLC7A10
SLC7A11
SLC7A13
SLC7A14
(8):
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
SLC8A1
SLC8A2
SLC8A3
(9):
Na+/H+ exchanger
SLC9A1
SLC9A2
SLC9A3
SLC9A4
SLC9A5
SLC9A6
SLC9A7
SLC9A8
SLC9A9
SLC9A10
SLC9A11
(10):
sodium bile salt cotransport
SLC10A1
SLC10A2
SLC10A3
SLC10A4
SLC10A5
SLC10A6
SLC10A7
10A1
10A2
10A3
10A7
SLC11–20(11):
proton coupled metal ion transporter
SLC11A1
SLC11A211A3
(12):
electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter
SLC12A1
SLC12A2
SLC12A3
SLC12A4
SLC12A5
SLC12A6
SLC12A7
SLC12A8
SLC12A9
(13):
human Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter
SLC13A1
SLC13A2
SLC13A3
SLC13A4
SLC13A5
(14):
urea transporter
SLC14A1
SLC14A2
(15):
proton oligopeptide cotransporter
SLC15A1
SLC15A2
SLC15A3
SLC15A4
(16):
monocarboxylate transporter
SLC16A1
SLC16A2
SLC16A3
SLC16A4
SLC16A5
SLC16A6
SLC16A7
SLC16A8
SLC16A9
SLC16A10
SLC16A11
SLC16A12
SLC16A13
SLC16A14
(17):
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1
SLC17A1
SLC17A2
SLC17A3
SLC17A4
SLC17A5
SLC17A6
SLC17A7
SLC17A8
SLC17A9
(18):
vesicular monoamine transporter
SLC18A1
SLC18A2
SLC18A3
(19):
folate/thiamine transporter
SLC19A1
SLC19A2
SLC19A3
(20):
type III Na+-phosphate cotransporter
SLC20A1
SLC20A2
SLC21–30(21):
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide
SLCO1A2
SLCO1B1
SLCO1B3
SLCO1B4
SLCO1C1
SLCO2A1
SLCO2B1
SLCO3A1
SLCO4A1
SLCO4C1
SLCO5A1(SLCO6A1)
(22):
organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter
SLC22A1
SLC22A2
SLC22A3
SLC22A4
SLC22A5
SLC22A6
SLC22A7
SLC22A8
SLC22A9
SLC22A10
SLC22A11
SLC22A12
SLC22A13
SLC22A14
SLC22A15
SLC22A16
SLC22A17
SLC22A18
SLC22A19
SLC22A20
(23):
Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter
SLC23A1
SLC23A2
SLC23A3
SLC23A4
(24):
Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger
SLC24A1
SLC24A2
SLC24A3
SLC24A4
SLC24A5
SLC24A6
(25):
mitochondrial carrier
SLC25A1
SLC25A2
SLC25A3
SLC25A4
SLC25A5
SLC25A6
SLC25A7
SLC25A8
SLC25A9
SLC25A10
SLC25A11
SLC25A12
SLC25A13
SLC25A14
SLC25A15
SLC25A16
SLC25A17
SLC25A18
SLC25A19
SLC25A20
SLC25A21
SLC25A22
SLC25A23
SLC25A24
SLC25A25
SLC25A26
SLC25A27
SLC25A28
SLC25A29
SLC25A30
SLC25A31
SLC25A32
SLC25A33
SLC25A34
SLC25A35
SLC25A36
SLC25A37
SLC25A38
SLC25A39
SLC25A40
SLC25A41
SLC25A42
SLC25A43
SLC25A44
SLC25A45
SLC25A46
(26):
multifunctional anion exchanger
SLC26A1
SLC26A2
SLC26A3
SLC26A4
SLC26A5
SLC26A6
SLC26A7
SLC26A8
SLC26A9
SLC26A10
SLC26A11
(27):
fatty acid transport proteins
SLC27A1
SLC27A2
SLC27A3
SLC27A4
SLC27A5
SLC27A6
(28):
Na+-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1
SLC28A2
SLC28A3
(29):
facilitative nucleoside transporter
SLC29A1
SLC29A2
SLC29A3
SLC29A4
(30):
zinc efflux
SLC30A1
SLC30A2
SLC30A3
SLC30A4
SLC30A5
SLC30A6
SLC30A7
SLC30A8
SLC30A9
SLC30A10
SLC31–40(31):
copper transporter
SLC31A1
(32):
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1
SLC32A1
(33):
Acetyl-CoA transporter
SLC33A1
(34):
type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter
SLC34A1
SLC34A2
SLC34A3
(35):
nucleoside-sugar transporter
SLC35A1
SLC35A2
SLC35A3
SLC35A4
SLC35A5
SLC35B1
SLC35B2
SLC35B3
SLC35B4
SLC35C1
SLC35C2
SLC35D1
SLC35D2
SLC35D3
SLC35E1
SLC35E2
SLC35E3
SLC35E4
(36):
proton-coupled amino-acid transporter
SLC36A1
SLC36A2
SLC36A3
SLC36A436A2
(37):
sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger
SLC37A1
SLC37A2
SLC37A3
SLC37A4
(38):
System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter
SLC38A1
SLC38A2
SLC38A3
SLC38A4
SLC38A5
SLC38A6
SLC38A10
(39):
metal ion transporter
SLC39A1
SLC39A2
SLC39A3
SLC39A4
SLC39A5
SLC39A6
SLC39A7
SLC39A8
SLC39A9
SLC39A10
SLC39A11
SLC39A12
SLC39A13
SLC39A14
(40):
basolateral iron transporter
SLC40A1
SLC41–48(41):
Magnesium transporter E
SLC41A1
SLC41A2
SLC41A3
(42):
Ammonia transporter
RhAG
RhBG
RhCG
(43):
Na+-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter
SLC43A1
SLC43A2
SLC43A3
(44):
Choline-like transporter
SLC44A1
SLC44A2
SLC44A3
SLC44A4
SLC44A5
(45):
Putative sugar transporter
SLC45A1
SLC45A2
SLC54A3
SLC45A4
(46):
Folate transporter
SLC46A1
SLC46A2
(47):
multidrug and toxin extrusion
SLC47A1
SLC47A2
(48):
Heme transporter
SLCO1–4
O1A2
O1B1
O1B3
O2B1
O431
O4A1
Ion pumpsSymporter, Cotransporter
Na+/K+,Cl−
Na+/Pi3
Na+/Cl−
Na+/glucose
Na+/I−
Cl−/K+
4
5
Antiporter (exchanger)
Na+/H+
Na+/Ca2+
Na+/(Ca2+-K+) - Cl−/HCO−3 (Band 3)
Cl−-formate
Cl−-oxalate
see also solute carrier disorders
This membrane protein–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein"},{"link_name":"gene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid11834742-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid11829495-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid16524946-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-entrez-8"}],"text":"Anion exchange transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A7 gene.[5][6][7][8]","title":"Anion exchange transporter"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Splice variants","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splice_variant"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-entrez-8"}],"text":"This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of exons) and protein (aa length among species) structures yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. This gene has abundant and specific expression in the kidney. Splice variants that use both alternate transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites have been described for this gene.[8]","title":"Function"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1499","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1152%2Fphysrev.2001.81.4.1499"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"11581495","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11581495"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"30942862","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30942862"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpgi.00454.2002"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12736153","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12736153"},{"link_name":"doi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2003","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//doi.org/10.1152%2Fajprenal.00219.2003"},{"link_name":"PMID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"12965893","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12965893"},{"link_name":"S2CID","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"25003214","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25003214"},{"link_name":"\"Differential 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States National Library of Medicine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine"},{"link_name":"public domain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Solute_carrier_family"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Solute_carrier_family"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solute_carrier_family"},{"link_name":"Membrane proteins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_protein"},{"link_name":"carrier proteins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_protein"},{"link_name":"membrane transport proteins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein"},{"link_name":"solute carrier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_family"},{"link_name":"TC 2A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporter_Classification_Database#2.A.09Porters_(uniporters,_symporters,_antiporters)"},{"link_name":"high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC1A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC1A1"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC1A2"},{"link_name":"3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_aspartate_transporter"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC1A4"},{"link_name":"5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC1A5"},{"link_name":"6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter_4"},{"link_name":"7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter_5"},{"link_name":"facilitative GLUT transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC2A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT1"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT2"},{"link_name":"3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT3"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT4"},{"link_name":"5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT5"},{"link_name":"6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A6"},{"link_name":"7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A7"},{"link_name":"8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT8"},{"link_name":"9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A9"},{"link_name":"10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A10"},{"link_name":"11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A11"},{"link_name":"12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A12"},{"link_name":"13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A13"},{"link_name":"14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A14"},{"link_name":"heterodimeric amino-acid transporters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterodimeric_amino-acid_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC3A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC3A1"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC3A2"},{"link_name":"bicarbonate transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_transporter_protein"},{"link_name":"SLC4A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_3"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A2"},{"link_name":"3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A3"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A4"},{"link_name":"5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A5"},{"link_name":"6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A6"},{"link_name":"7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A7"},{"link_name":"8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A8"},{"link_name":"9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC4A9&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC4A10&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC4A11"},{"link_name":"sodium glucose cotransporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-glucose_transport_proteins"},{"link_name":"SLC5A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC5A1"},{"link_name":"2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGLT2"},{"link_name":"3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC5A3"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC5A4"},{"link_name":"5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-iodide_symporter"},{"link_name":"6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC5A6"},{"link_name":"7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_transporter"},{"link_name":"8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC5A8"},{"link_name":"9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC5A9&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC5A10&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC5A11&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC5A12&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"sodium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium"},{"link_name":"chloride","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride"},{"link_name":"sodium:neurotransmitter symporters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium:neurotransmitter_symporter"},{"link_name":"SLC6A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_transporter_1"},{"link_name":"SLC6A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC6A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC6A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC6A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A5"},{"link_name":"SLC6A6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A6"},{"link_name":"SLC6A7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC6A7&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC6A8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A8"},{"link_name":"SLC6A9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A9"},{"link_name":"SLC6A10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC6A10&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC6A11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A11"},{"link_name":"SLC6A12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A12"},{"link_name":"SLC6A13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A13"},{"link_name":"SLC6A14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A14"},{"link_name":"SLC6A15","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A15"},{"link_name":"SLC6A16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC6A16&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC6A17","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC6A17&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC6A18","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A18"},{"link_name":"SLC6A19","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A19"},{"link_name":"SLC6A20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC6A20"},{"link_name":"SLC7A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC7A1"},{"link_name":"SLC7A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC7A2"},{"link_name":"SLC7A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC7A3"},{"link_name":"SLC7A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC7A4"},{"link_name":"heterodimeric 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exchanger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multifunctional_anion_exchanger&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC26A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC26A1&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC26A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A2"},{"link_name":"SLC26A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A3"},{"link_name":"SLC26A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendrin"},{"link_name":"SLC26A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A5"},{"link_name":"SLC26A6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A6"},{"link_name":"SLC26A7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A7"},{"link_name":"SLC26A8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC26A8"},{"link_name":"SLC26A9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC26A9&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC26A10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC26A10&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC26A11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC26A11&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"fatty acid transport proteins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein"},{"link_name":"SLC27A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC27A1"},{"link_name":"SLC27A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC27A2"},{"link_name":"SLC27A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC27A3"},{"link_name":"SLC27A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC27A4"},{"link_name":"SLC27A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC27A5"},{"link_name":"SLC27A6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC27A6"},{"link_name":"Na+-coupled nucleoside transport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B-coupled_nucleoside_transport&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC28A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC28A1"},{"link_name":"SLC28A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC28A2"},{"link_name":"SLC28A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC28A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"facilitative nucleoside transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Facilitative_nucleoside_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC29A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC29A1"},{"link_name":"SLC29A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC29A2"},{"link_name":"SLC29A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC29A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC29A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC29A4"},{"link_name":"zinc efflux","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_efflux"},{"link_name":"SLC30A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC30A1"},{"link_name":"SLC30A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC30A2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC30A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC30A3"},{"link_name":"SLC30A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC30A4"},{"link_name":"SLC30A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC30A5&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC30A6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC30A6&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC30A7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC30A7"},{"link_name":"SLC30A8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC30A8"},{"link_name":"SLC30A9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC30A9&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC30A10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC30A10"},{"link_name":"copper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper"},{"link_name":"SLC31A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC31A1"},{"link_name":"Vesicular glutamate transporter 1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular_glutamate_transporter_1"},{"link_name":"SLC32A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC32A1"},{"link_name":"Acetyl-CoA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA"},{"link_name":"SLC33A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC33A1"},{"link_name":"type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Type_II_Na%2B-phosphate_cotransporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC34A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC34A1"},{"link_name":"SLC34A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC34A2"},{"link_name":"SLC34A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC34A3"},{"link_name":"nucleoside-sugar transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nucleoside-sugar_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC35A1"},{"link_name":"SLC35A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC35A2"},{"link_name":"SLC35A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35A4&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35A5&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35B1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35B1&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35B2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC35B2"},{"link_name":"SLC35B3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35B3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35B4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC35B4"},{"link_name":"SLC35C1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC35C1"},{"link_name":"SLC35C2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC35C2"},{"link_name":"SLC35D1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35D1&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35D2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35D2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35D3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35D3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35E1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35E1&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35E2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35E2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35E3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35E3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC35E4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC35E4&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"proton-coupled amino-acid transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-coupled_amino-acid_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC36A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC36A1"},{"link_name":"SLC36A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC36A2"},{"link_name":"SLC36A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC36A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC36A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC36A4&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"36A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC36A2"},{"link_name":"sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sugar-phosphate/phosphate_exchanger&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC37A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC37A1"},{"link_name":"SLC37A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC37A2"},{"link_name":"SLC37A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC37A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC37A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC37A4"},{"link_name":"System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=System_A_%26_N,_sodium-coupled_neutral_amino-acid_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC38A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC38A1"},{"link_name":"SLC38A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC38A2"},{"link_name":"SLC38A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC38A3"},{"link_name":"SLC38A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC38A4&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC38A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC38A5"},{"link_name":"SLC38A6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC38A6&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC38A10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC38A10"},{"link_name":"metal ion transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ion_transporter"},{"link_name":"SLC39A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A1"},{"link_name":"SLC39A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A2"},{"link_name":"SLC39A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A3"},{"link_name":"SLC39A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A4"},{"link_name":"SLC39A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC39A5&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC39A6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A6"},{"link_name":"SLC39A7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A7"},{"link_name":"SLC39A8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A8"},{"link_name":"SLC39A9","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A9"},{"link_name":"SLC39A10","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A10"},{"link_name":"SLC39A11","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A11"},{"link_name":"SLC39A12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A12"},{"link_name":"SLC39A13","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC39A13&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC39A14","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC39A14&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"basolateral iron transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basolateral_iron_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC40A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroportin"},{"link_name":"Magnesium transporter E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_transporter_E"},{"link_name":"SLC41A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC41A1"},{"link_name":"SLC41A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC41A2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC41A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC41A3"},{"link_name":"Ammonia transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_transporter"},{"link_name":"RhAG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RHAG"},{"link_name":"RhBG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RHBG"},{"link_name":"RhCG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RHCG"},{"link_name":"Na+-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B-independent,_system-L_like_amino-acid_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC43A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC43A1"},{"link_name":"SLC43A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC43A2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC43A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC43A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Choline-like transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choline-like_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC44A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC44A1"},{"link_name":"SLC44A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC44A2"},{"link_name":"SLC44A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC44A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC44A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC44A4"},{"link_name":"SLC44A5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC44A5&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Putative sugar transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Putative_sugar_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC45A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC45A1"},{"link_name":"SLC45A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC45A2"},{"link_name":"SLC54A3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC54A3&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC45A4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC45A4"},{"link_name":"Folate transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Folate_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"SLC46A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC46A1"},{"link_name":"SLC46A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SLC46A2&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"multidrug and toxin extrusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-antimicrobial_extrusion_protein"},{"link_name":"SLC47A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC47A1"},{"link_name":"SLC47A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC47A2"},{"link_name":"Heme transporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heme_transporter"},{"link_name":"O1A2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLCO1A2"},{"link_name":"O1B1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLCO1B1"},{"link_name":"O1B3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLCO1B3"},{"link_name":"O2B1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLCO2B1"},{"link_name":"O431","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLCO3A1"},{"link_name":"O4A1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLCO4A1"},{"link_name":"Ion pumps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_transporter"},{"link_name":"Symporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symporter"},{"link_name":"Cotransporter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotransporter"},{"link_name":"Na+/K+,Cl−","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter"},{"link_name":"Na+/Pi3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium/phosphate_cotransporter"},{"link_name":"Na+/Cl−","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-chloride_symporter"},{"link_name":"Na+/glucose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-glucose_transport_proteins"},{"link_name":"Na+/I−","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-iodide_symporter"},{"link_name":"Cl−/K+","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter"},{"link_name":"4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_4"},{"link_name":"5","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_5"},{"link_name":"Antiporter (exchanger)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiporter"},{"link_name":"Na+/H+","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%E2%80%93hydrogen_antiporter"},{"link_name":"Na+/Ca2+","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-calcium_exchanger"},{"link_name":"Na+/(Ca2+-K+","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-dependent_sodium-calcium_exchanger"},{"link_name":"Cl−/HCO−3 (Band 3)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_3"},{"link_name":"Cl−-formate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl-formate_exchanger"},{"link_name":"Cl−-oxalate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl-oxalate_exchanger"},{"link_name":"solute carrier disorders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Solute_carrier_disorders"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta-2_adrenergic_receptor.png"},{"link_name":"membrane protein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_protein"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anion_exchange_transporter&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Membrane-protein-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Membrane-protein-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Membrane-protein-stub"}],"text":"Markovich D (October 2001). \"Physiological roles and regulation of mammalian sulfate transporters\". Physiological Reviews. 81 (4): 1499–533. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1499. PMID 11581495. S2CID 30942862.\nPetrovic S, Ju X, Barone S, Seidler U, Alper SL, Lohi H, Kere J, Soleimani M (June 2003). \"Identification of a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to gastric parietal cells\". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 284 (6): G1093–103. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2002. PMID 12736153.\nPetrovic S, Barone S, Xu J, Conforti L, Ma L, Kujala M, Kere J, Soleimani M (January 2004). \"SLC26A7: a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to intercalated cells of the outer medullary collecting duct\". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 286 (1): F161–9. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2003. PMID 12965893. S2CID 25003214.\nBarone S, Amlal H, Xu J, Kujala M, Kere J, Petrovic S, Soleimani M (August 2004). \"Differential regulation of basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchangers SLC26A7 and AE1 in kidney outer medullary collecting duct\". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 15 (8): 2002–11. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000135060.83250.07. PMID 15284286.\nKujala M, Tienari J, Lohi H, Elomaa O, Sariola H, Lehtonen E, Kere J (2006). \"SLC26A6 and SLC26A7 anion exchangers have a distinct distribution in human kidney\". Nephron Experimental Nephrology. 101 (2): e50–8. doi:10.1159/000086345. PMID 15956810. S2CID 26671784.This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.vteMembrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A)By groupSLC1–10(1):\nhigh affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter\nSLC1A1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n(2):\nfacilitative GLUT transporter\nSLC2A1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n(3):\nheavy subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters\nSLC3A1\n2\n(4):\nbicarbonate transporter\nSLC4A1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n(5):\nsodium glucose cotransporter\nSLC5A1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n(6):\nsodium- and chloride- dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters\nSLC6A1\nSLC6A2\nSLC6A3\nSLC6A4\nSLC6A5\nSLC6A6\nSLC6A7\nSLC6A8\nSLC6A9\nSLC6A10\nSLC6A11\nSLC6A12\nSLC6A13\nSLC6A14\nSLC6A15\nSLC6A16\nSLC6A17\nSLC6A18\nSLC6A19\nSLC6A20\n(7):\ncationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated\nSLC7A1\nSLC7A2\nSLC7A3\nSLC7A4\nglycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters\nSLC7A5\nSLC7A6\nSLC7A7\nSLC7A8\nSLC7A9\nSLC7A10\nSLC7A11\nSLC7A13\nSLC7A14\n(8):\nNa+/Ca2+ exchanger\nSLC8A1\nSLC8A2\nSLC8A3\n(9):\nNa+/H+ exchanger\nSLC9A1\nSLC9A2\nSLC9A3\nSLC9A4\nSLC9A5\nSLC9A6\nSLC9A7\nSLC9A8\nSLC9A9\nSLC9A10\nSLC9A11\n(10):\nsodium bile salt cotransport\nSLC10A1\nSLC10A2\nSLC10A3\nSLC10A4\nSLC10A5\nSLC10A6\nSLC10A7\n10A1\n10A2\n10A3\n10A7\nSLC11–20(11):\nproton coupled metal ion transporter\nSLC11A1\nSLC11A211A3\n(12):\nelectroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter\nSLC12A1\nSLC12A2\nSLC12A3\nSLC12A4\nSLC12A5\nSLC12A6\nSLC12A7\nSLC12A8\nSLC12A9\n(13):\nhuman Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter\nSLC13A1\nSLC13A2\nSLC13A3\nSLC13A4\nSLC13A5\n(14):\nurea transporter\nSLC14A1\nSLC14A2\n(15):\nproton oligopeptide cotransporter\nSLC15A1\nSLC15A2\nSLC15A3\nSLC15A4\n(16):\nmonocarboxylate transporter\nSLC16A1\nSLC16A2\nSLC16A3\nSLC16A4\nSLC16A5\nSLC16A6\nSLC16A7\nSLC16A8\nSLC16A9\nSLC16A10\nSLC16A11\nSLC16A12\nSLC16A13\nSLC16A14\n(17):\nVesicular glutamate transporter 1\nSLC17A1\nSLC17A2\nSLC17A3\nSLC17A4\nSLC17A5\nSLC17A6\nSLC17A7\nSLC17A8\nSLC17A9\n(18):\nvesicular monoamine transporter\nSLC18A1\nSLC18A2\nSLC18A3\n(19):\nfolate/thiamine transporter\nSLC19A1\nSLC19A2\nSLC19A3\n(20):\ntype III Na+-phosphate cotransporter\nSLC20A1\nSLC20A2\nSLC21–30(21):\nOrganic anion-transporting polypeptide\nSLCO1A2\nSLCO1B1\nSLCO1B3\nSLCO1B4\nSLCO1C1\n\nSLCO2A1\nSLCO2B1\n\nSLCO3A1\n\nSLCO4A1\nSLCO4C1\n\nSLCO5A1(SLCO6A1)\n(22):\norganic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter\nSLC22A1\nSLC22A2\nSLC22A3\nSLC22A4\nSLC22A5\nSLC22A6\nSLC22A7\nSLC22A8\nSLC22A9\nSLC22A10\nSLC22A11\nSLC22A12\nSLC22A13\nSLC22A14\nSLC22A15\nSLC22A16\nSLC22A17\nSLC22A18\nSLC22A19\nSLC22A20\n(23):\nNa+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter\nSLC23A1\nSLC23A2\nSLC23A3\nSLC23A4\n(24):\nNa+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger\nSLC24A1\nSLC24A2\nSLC24A3\nSLC24A4\nSLC24A5\nSLC24A6\n(25):\nmitochondrial carrier\nSLC25A1\nSLC25A2\nSLC25A3\nSLC25A4\nSLC25A5\nSLC25A6\nSLC25A7\nSLC25A8\nSLC25A9\nSLC25A10\nSLC25A11\nSLC25A12\nSLC25A13\nSLC25A14\nSLC25A15\nSLC25A16\nSLC25A17\nSLC25A18\nSLC25A19\nSLC25A20\nSLC25A21\nSLC25A22\nSLC25A23\nSLC25A24\nSLC25A25\nSLC25A26\nSLC25A27\nSLC25A28\nSLC25A29\nSLC25A30\nSLC25A31\nSLC25A32\nSLC25A33\nSLC25A34\nSLC25A35\nSLC25A36\nSLC25A37\nSLC25A38\nSLC25A39\nSLC25A40\nSLC25A41\nSLC25A42\nSLC25A43\nSLC25A44\nSLC25A45\nSLC25A46\n(26):\nmultifunctional anion exchanger\nSLC26A1\nSLC26A2\nSLC26A3\nSLC26A4\nSLC26A5\nSLC26A6\nSLC26A7\nSLC26A8\nSLC26A9\nSLC26A10\nSLC26A11\n(27):\nfatty acid transport proteins\nSLC27A1\nSLC27A2\nSLC27A3\nSLC27A4\nSLC27A5\nSLC27A6\n(28):\nNa+-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1\nSLC28A2\nSLC28A3\n(29):\nfacilitative nucleoside transporter\nSLC29A1\nSLC29A2\nSLC29A3\nSLC29A4\n(30):\nzinc efflux\nSLC30A1\nSLC30A2\nSLC30A3\nSLC30A4\nSLC30A5\nSLC30A6\nSLC30A7\nSLC30A8\nSLC30A9\nSLC30A10\nSLC31–40(31):\ncopper transporter\nSLC31A1\n(32):\nVesicular glutamate transporter 1\nSLC32A1\n(33):\nAcetyl-CoA transporter\nSLC33A1\n(34):\ntype II Na+-phosphate cotransporter\nSLC34A1\nSLC34A2\nSLC34A3\n(35):\nnucleoside-sugar transporter\nSLC35A1\nSLC35A2\nSLC35A3\nSLC35A4\nSLC35A5\n\nSLC35B1\nSLC35B2\nSLC35B3\nSLC35B4\n\nSLC35C1\nSLC35C2\n\nSLC35D1\nSLC35D2\nSLC35D3\n\nSLC35E1\nSLC35E2\nSLC35E3\nSLC35E4\n(36):\nproton-coupled amino-acid transporter\nSLC36A1\nSLC36A2\nSLC36A3\nSLC36A436A2\n(37):\nsugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger\nSLC37A1\nSLC37A2\nSLC37A3\nSLC37A4\n(38):\nSystem A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter\nSLC38A1\nSLC38A2\nSLC38A3\nSLC38A4\nSLC38A5\nSLC38A6\nSLC38A10\n(39):\nmetal ion transporter\nSLC39A1\nSLC39A2\nSLC39A3\nSLC39A4\nSLC39A5\nSLC39A6\nSLC39A7\nSLC39A8\nSLC39A9\nSLC39A10\nSLC39A11\nSLC39A12\nSLC39A13\nSLC39A14\n(40):\nbasolateral iron transporter\nSLC40A1\nSLC41–48(41):\nMagnesium transporter E\nSLC41A1\nSLC41A2\nSLC41A3\n(42):\nAmmonia transporter\nRhAG\nRhBG\nRhCG\n(43):\nNa+-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter\nSLC43A1\nSLC43A2\nSLC43A3\n(44):\nCholine-like transporter\nSLC44A1\nSLC44A2\nSLC44A3\nSLC44A4\nSLC44A5\n(45):\nPutative sugar transporter\nSLC45A1\nSLC45A2\nSLC54A3\nSLC45A4\n(46):\nFolate transporter\nSLC46A1\nSLC46A2\n(47):\nmultidrug and toxin extrusion\nSLC47A1\nSLC47A2\n(48):\nHeme transporter\nSLCO1–4\nO1A2\nO1B1\nO1B3\nO2B1\nO431\nO4A1\nIon pumpsSymporter, Cotransporter\nNa+/K+,Cl−\nNa+/Pi3\nNa+/Cl−\nNa+/glucose\nNa+/I−\nCl−/K+\n4\n5\nAntiporter (exchanger)\nNa+/H+\nNa+/Ca2+\nNa+/(Ca2+-K+) - Cl−/HCO−3 (Band 3)\nCl−-formate\nCl−-oxalate\nsee also solute carrier disordersThis membrane protein–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"title":"Solute carrier family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_family"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Human PubMed Reference:\". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=115111","url_text":"\"Human PubMed Reference:\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mouse PubMed Reference:\". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=208890","url_text":"\"Mouse PubMed Reference:\""}]},{"reference":"Lohi H, Kujala M, Makela S, Lehtonen E, Kestila M, Saarialho-Kere U, Markovich D, Kere J (April 2002). \"Functional characterization of three novel tissue-specific anion exchangers SLC26A7, -A8, and -A9\". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 14246–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111802200. PMID 11834742.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M111802200","url_text":"\"Functional characterization of three novel tissue-specific anion exchangers SLC26A7, -A8, and -A9\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M111802200","url_text":"10.1074/jbc.M111802200"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11834742","url_text":"11834742"}]},{"reference":"Vincourt JB, Jullien D, Kossida S, Amalric F, Girard JP (February 2002). \"Molecular cloning of SLC26A7, a novel member of the SLC26 sulfate/anion transporter family, from high endothelial venules and kidney\". Genomics. 79 (2): 249–56. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6689. PMID 11829495.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.2002.6689","url_text":"10.1006/geno.2002.6689"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11829495","url_text":"11829495"}]},{"reference":"Xu J, Worrell RT, Li HC, Barone SL, Petrovic S, Amlal H, Soleimani M (April 2006). \"Chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A7 is localized in endosomes in medullary collecting duct cells and is targeted to the basolateral membrane in hypertonicity and potassium depletion\". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 17 (4): 956–67. doi:10.1681/ASN.2005111174. PMID 16524946.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1681%2FASN.2005111174","url_text":"\"Chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A7 is localized in endosomes in medullary collecting duct cells and is targeted to the basolateral membrane in hypertonicity and potassium depletion\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1681%2FASN.2005111174","url_text":"10.1681/ASN.2005111174"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16524946","url_text":"16524946"}]},{"reference":"\"Entrez Gene: SLC26A7 solute carrier family 26, member 7\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=115111","url_text":"\"Entrez Gene: SLC26A7 solute carrier family 26, member 7\""}]},{"reference":"Markovich D (October 2001). \"Physiological roles and regulation of mammalian sulfate transporters\". Physiological Reviews. 81 (4): 1499–533. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1499. PMID 11581495. S2CID 30942862.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fphysrev.2001.81.4.1499","url_text":"10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1499"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11581495","url_text":"11581495"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30942862","url_text":"30942862"}]},{"reference":"Petrovic S, Ju X, Barone S, Seidler U, Alper SL, Lohi H, Kere J, Soleimani M (June 2003). \"Identification of a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to gastric parietal cells\". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 284 (6): G1093–103. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2002. PMID 12736153.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpgi.00454.2002","url_text":"10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2002"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12736153","url_text":"12736153"}]},{"reference":"Petrovic S, Barone S, Xu J, Conforti L, Ma L, Kujala M, Kere J, Soleimani M (January 2004). \"SLC26A7: a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger specific to intercalated cells of the outer medullary collecting duct\". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 286 (1): F161–9. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2003. PMID 12965893. S2CID 25003214.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajprenal.00219.2003","url_text":"10.1152/ajprenal.00219.2003"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12965893","url_text":"12965893"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25003214","url_text":"25003214"}]},{"reference":"Barone S, Amlal H, Xu J, Kujala M, Kere J, Petrovic S, Soleimani M (August 2004). \"Differential regulation of basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchangers SLC26A7 and AE1 in kidney outer medullary collecting duct\". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 15 (8): 2002–11. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000135060.83250.07. PMID 15284286.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000135060.83250.07","url_text":"\"Differential regulation of basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchangers SLC26A7 and AE1 in kidney outer medullary collecting duct\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000135060.83250.07","url_text":"10.1097/01.ASN.0000135060.83250.07"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15284286","url_text":"15284286"}]},{"reference":"Kujala M, Tienari J, Lohi H, Elomaa O, Sariola H, Lehtonen E, Kere J (2006). \"SLC26A6 and SLC26A7 anion exchangers have a distinct distribution in human kidney\". Nephron Experimental Nephrology. 101 (2): e50–8. doi:10.1159/000086345. PMID 15956810. S2CID 26671784.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000086345","url_text":"10.1159/000086345"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)","url_text":"PMID"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15956810","url_text":"15956810"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26671784","url_text":"26671784"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/14467","external_links_name":"SLC26A7"},{"Link":"https://omim.org/entry/608479","external_links_name":"608479"},{"Link":"http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:2384791","external_links_name":"2384791"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=13770","external_links_name":"13770"},{"Link":"https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=SLC26A7","external_links_name":"SLC26A7"},{"Link":"https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000147606","external_links_name":"SLC26A7 - orthologs"},{"Link":"https://www.bgee.org/","external_links_name":"Bgee"},{"Link":"https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000147606","external_links_name":"Top expressed in"},{"Link":"https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000040569","external_links_name":"Top expressed in"},{"Link":"https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000147606","external_links_name":"More reference expression data"},{"Link":"http://biogps.org/","external_links_name":"BioGPS"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005253","external_links_name":"anion channel activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008509","external_links_name":"anion transmembrane transporter activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015116","external_links_name":"sulfate transmembrane transporter activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008271","external_links_name":"secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015106","external_links_name":"bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019531","external_links_name":"oxalate transmembrane transporter activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005254","external_links_name":"chloride channel activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015108","external_links_name":"chloride transmembrane transporter activity"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737","external_links_name":"cytoplasm"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016021","external_links_name":"integral component of membrane"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005768","external_links_name":"endosome"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020","external_links_name":"membrane"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886","external_links_name":"plasma membrane"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005887","external_links_name":"integral component of plasma membrane"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055038","external_links_name":"recycling endosome membrane"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016323","external_links_name":"basolateral plasma membrane"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019532","external_links_name":"oxalate transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008272","external_links_name":"sulfate transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001696","external_links_name":"gastric acid secretion"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042391","external_links_name":"regulation of membrane potential"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051453","external_links_name":"regulation of intracellular pH"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006811","external_links_name":"ion transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006820","external_links_name":"anion transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0015701","external_links_name":"bicarbonate transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006821","external_links_name":"chloride transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902476","external_links_name":"chloride transmembrane transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0098656","external_links_name":"anion transmembrane transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902358","external_links_name":"sulfate transmembrane transport"},{"Link":"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0055085","external_links_name":"transmembrane 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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Mejia
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Alex Mejia
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["1 Career","1.1 Amateur career","1.2 St Louis Cardinals","1.3 Acereros de Monclova","1.4 Saraperos de Saltillo","2 Personal life","3 References","4 External links"]
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American baseball player (born 1991)
Not to be confused with Alexander Mejía.
Baseball player
Alex MejiaMejia with the St. Louis Cardinals in 2017Saraperos de Saltillo – No. 9InfielderBorn: (1991-01-18) January 18, 1991 (age 33)Sylmar, California, U.S.Bats: RightThrows: RightMLB debutJune 29, 2017, for the St. Louis CardinalsMLB statistics (through 2017 season)Batting average.109Home runs1Runs batted in3
Teams
St. Louis Cardinals (2017)
Alejandro DeJesus Mejia (born January 18, 1991) is an American professional baseball infielder for the Saraperos de Saltillo of the Mexican League. He played college baseball for the Arizona Wildcats, winning the 2012 College World Series. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals.
Career
Amateur career
Mejia attended El Camino Real High School in Woodland Hills, California, and the University of Arizona. Playing college baseball for the Arizona Wildcats, Mejia became the team's starting shortstop as a freshman. He was named the 2012 Pac-12 Conference Baseball Player of the Year, and was a member of the 2012 College World Series champions.
Mejia with Arizona at the 2012 College World Series
St Louis Cardinals
The St. Louis Cardinals selected Mejia in the fourth round, with the 150th overall selection, of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He signed with the Cardinals, receiving a $250,000 signing bonus, and made his professional debut with the Batavia Muckdogs of the Low–A New York–Penn League. He tore his anterior cruciate ligament during a July 31 game with the Muckdogs. Mejia played for the Peoria Chiefs of the Single–A Midwest League and the Palm Beach Cardinals of the High–A Florida State League in 2013. He began the 2014 season with Palm Beach, and was promoted to the Springfield Cardinals of the Double–A Texas League in July. He began the 2015 season with Springfield, and was promoted to the Memphis Redbirds of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League during the season.
Mejia began the 2017 season with Springfield, and was promoted to Memphis. On June 28, 2017, the Cardinals promoted Mejia to the major leagues. He made his debut the following day, against the Arizona Diamondbacks, when he started at second base and batted eighth, where he went 0-for-2 before being pinch hit for. He had first major league hit and home run against the Washington Nationals on July 1, 2017. He was outrighted to Memphis on November 6, 2017.
Mejia spent all of 2018 with Memphis, compiling a .273 batting average with four home runs and 35 RBI in 108 games. He helped lead Memphis to the 2018 Triple-A National Championship Game, where they defeated the Durham Bulls 14-4. Mejia was named the MVP of the game after going five-for-five with five RBI. He elected free agency following the season on November 2, 2018.
Acereros de Monclova
On January 24, 2019, Mejia signed with the Acereros de Monclova of the Mexican League for the 2019 season. He played in 93 games for a Monclova that year, slashing .350/.393/.496 with 9 home runs, 67 RBI, and 3 stolen bases. Mejia did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the Mexican League season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mejia appeared in 50 contests for the Acereros during the 2021 season, and posted a .313/.330/.400 slash to pair with 2 home runs, 31 RBI, and 2 stolen bases. In 2022, he appeared in 81 games, and markedly improved upon the year before, hitting .366/.389/.527 with 8 home runs, 59 RBI, and 3 stolen bases. In 2023, Mejia played in 36 games for Monclova, hitting .271/.343/.295 with no home runs and 17 RBI.
Saraperos de Saltillo
On March 1, 2024, Mejia was traded to the Saraperos de Saltillo in exchange for Francisco Pérez.
Personal life
Mejia's father, Carlo, was named an All-American while playing college baseball for Pepperdine University in 1975, and played professionally in the Mexican League. Mejia has three siblings; his two older sisters and his cousin, played college softball for Long Island University.
References
^ a b Ryan Finley Arizona Daily Star (April 23, 2010). "Glove affair: Dad helps Mejia become big-play shortstop". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ a b "Alex Mejia's body of work leads Arizona". ESPN.com. June 23, 2012. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ Ryan Finley, Arizona Daily Star (July 2012). "Arizona baseball: Alex Mejia signs deal with St. Louis Cardinals". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ "Ex-Cat Mejia gets first pro hit – UA Wildcats baseball". TucsonSentinel.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ "Ex-Arizona Wildcat Alex Mejia tears ACL in minor-league game". tucsoncitizen.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ "Aledmys Diaz on DL again, Mejia promoted from Palm Beach to Springfield". bnd. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ Jim Connell, News-Leader (April 10, 2015). "It's 'have glove, will travel' for these Cardinals". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ Lee Enterprises (July 15, 2015). "Gordon: Cards' shortstop quest continues". stltoday.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^ Hummel, Rick (June 28, 2017). "Cardinals option Diaz to Memphis; infielder Mejia called up | St. Louis Cardinals". stltoday.com. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
^ Langosch, Jenifer. "Wacha, Cards beat Nationals to earn series win". MLB.com. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
^ "Alex Mejia Stats, Highlights, Bio - MiLB.com Stats - The Official Site of Minor League Baseball". MiLB.com. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
^ https://www.oaoa.com/sports/article_b87d86e6-575f-57ec-9884-044a79178e7e.html
^ "Mejia goes 5 for 5 with 5 RBIs as Memphis rolls to Triple-A title". September 19, 2018.
^ "Minor League Free Agents 2018". baseballamerica.com. November 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
^ "Alex Mejía jugará con Acereros" (in Spanish). January 24, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
^ "Mexican League Cancels 2020 Season". July 2020.
^ "Acereros: Novedades en el campamento de la Furia Azul".
^ "LMB: Movimientos en listas de reserva - 1 de marzo de 2024". milb.com. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
^ Ryan Finley Arizona Daily Star (June 19, 2012). "Arizona baseball: 'Omaha or bust': Parents share Mejia's joy". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alex Mejia.
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors)
vtePac-12 Conference Baseball Player of the Year
1978: Elder (North) & Tolman (South)
1979: Dodd (North) & Auten (South)
1980: Walker (North) & Francona (South)
1981: Hunsinger (North) & Sodders (South)
1982: Wilson (North) & Davis (South)
1983: Reece (North) & Hardgrave (South)
1984: Skurla (North), McDowell (South) & McGwire (South)
1985: Lovell (North) & Lundblade (South)
1986: Brundage (North), Lovullo (South) & Sanchez (South)
1987: Bowen (North), Lovullo (South) & Hale (South)
1988: Olerud (North) & Ingram (South)
1989: Kuykendall (North), Erickson (South) & Zinter (South)
1990: Walker (North) & Ellis (South)
1991: Hatteberg (North) & McCarty (South)
1992: Loomis (North), Penix (South) & Zuber (South)
1993: Christman (North), LoDuca (South) & McGuire (South)
1994: Smith (North) & Cruz (South)
1995: Blood (North), Hinch (South) & Jenkins (South)
1996: Miller (North) & Hinch (South)
1997: Miller (North) & Glaus (South)
1998: Checketts (North) & Valent (South)
1999: Bloomquist
2000: Myers
2001: Myers
2002: Concepcion
2003: Garko & Pedroia
2004: Lowrie
2005: Crowe & Ellsbury
2006: Gillespie
2007: Wallace
2008: Wallace
2009: Kipnis
2010: MacPhee
2011: Renda
2012: Mejia
2013: Conforto
2014: Conforto
2015: Kingery
2016: Cumberland
2017: Madrigal
2018: Vaughn
2019: Rutschman
2020: Not awarded
2021: Zavala
2022: Melton
2023: Rios
vteArizona Wildcats 2012 College World Series champions
1 Johnny Field
2 Rob Refsnyder (College World Series MOP)
5 Seth Mejias-Brean
13 Alex Mejia
22 Brandon Dixon
35 Joey Rickard
36 James Farris
48 Konner Wade
Manager Andy Lopez
Regular season
NCAA tournament
College World Series
|
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In 2022, he appeared in 81 games, and markedly improved upon the year before, hitting .366/.389/.527 with 8 home runs, 59 RBI, and 3 stolen bases.[17] In 2023, Mejia played in 36 games for Monclova, hitting .271/.343/.295 with no home runs and 17 RBI.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Saraperos de Saltillo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraperos_de_Saltillo"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"sub_title":"Saraperos de Saltillo","text":"On March 1, 2024, Mejia was traded to the Saraperos de Saltillo in exchange for Francisco Pérez.[18]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"All-American","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-America"},{"link_name":"Pepperdine University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperdine_University"},{"link_name":"Mexican League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_League"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-glove-1"},{"link_name":"college softball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_softball"},{"link_name":"Long Island University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island_University"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"Mejia's father, Carlo, was named an All-American while playing college baseball for Pepperdine University in 1975, and played professionally in the Mexican League.[1] Mejia has three siblings; his two older sisters and his cousin, played college softball for Long Island University.[19]","title":"Personal life"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Mejia with Arizona at the 2012 College World Series","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Alex_Mejia_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Alex_Mejia_%28cropped%29.jpg"}]
| null |
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Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://tucson.com/sports/baseball/college/wildcats/arizona-baseball-alex-mejia-signs-deal-with-st-louis-cardinals/article_ea8bbbae-c3d2-11e1-ba5d-001a4bcf887a.html","url_text":"\"Arizona baseball: Alex Mejia signs deal with St. Louis Cardinals\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ex-Cat Mejia gets first pro hit – UA Wildcats baseball\". TucsonSentinel.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/sports/report/070812_mejia_muckdogs/ex-cat-mejia-gets-first-pro-hit/","url_text":"\"Ex-Cat Mejia gets first pro hit – UA Wildcats baseball\""}]},{"reference":"\"Ex-Arizona Wildcat Alex Mejia tears ACL in minor-league game\". tucsoncitizen.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://tucsoncitizen.com/wildcatreport/2012/08/01/ex-arizona-wildcat-alex-mejia-tears-acl-in-minor-league-game/","url_text":"\"Ex-Arizona Wildcat Alex Mejia tears ACL in minor-league game\""}]},{"reference":"\"Aledmys Diaz on DL again, Mejia promoted from Palm Beach to Springfield\". bnd. Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.bnd.com/sports/mlb/st-louis-cardinals/cheap-seats-blog/article17713427.html","url_text":"\"Aledmys Diaz on DL again, Mejia promoted from Palm Beach to Springfield\""}]},{"reference":"Jim Connell, News-Leader (April 10, 2015). \"It's 'have glove, will travel' for these Cardinals\". Springfield News-Leader. Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.news-leader.com/story/sports/baseball/springfield-cardinals/2015/04/10/glove-will-travel-cardinals/25620077/","url_text":"\"It's 'have glove, will travel' for these Cardinals\""}]},{"reference":"Lee Enterprises (July 15, 2015). \"Gordon: Cards' shortstop quest continues\". stltoday.com. Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stltoday.com/sports/columns/jeff-gordon/gordon-cards-shortstop-quest-continues/article_6766ae29-a857-57b3-b2aa-7af6ee098c78.html","url_text":"\"Gordon: Cards' shortstop quest continues\""}]},{"reference":"Hummel, Rick (June 28, 2017). \"Cardinals option Diaz to Memphis; infielder Mejia called up | St. Louis Cardinals\". stltoday.com. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/cardinal-beat/cards-option-diaz-to-memphis-call-up-mejia/article_5f94801e-f1b0-5419-84f8-7b444a6dfeb8.html","url_text":"\"Cardinals option Diaz to Memphis; infielder Mejia called up | St. Louis Cardinals\""}]},{"reference":"Langosch, Jenifer. \"Wacha, Cards beat Nationals to earn series win\". MLB.com. Retrieved July 11, 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://m.cardinals.mlb.com/news/article/239861676/wacha-cards-beat-nationals-to-earn-series-win/","url_text":"\"Wacha, Cards beat Nationals to earn series win\""}]},{"reference":"\"Alex Mejia Stats, Highlights, Bio - MiLB.com Stats - The Official Site of Minor League Baseball\". MiLB.com. Retrieved September 19, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.milb.com/player/index.jsp?player_id=622270#/career/R/hitting/2018/ALL","url_text":"\"Alex Mejia Stats, Highlights, Bio - MiLB.com Stats - The Official Site of Minor League Baseball\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mejia goes 5 for 5 with 5 RBIs as Memphis rolls to Triple-A title\". September 19, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/mejia-goes-for-with-rbis-as-memphis-rolls-to-triple/article_434932bd-db40-577d-91bd-0276c81f9043.html","url_text":"\"Mejia goes 5 for 5 with 5 RBIs as Memphis rolls to Triple-A title\""}]},{"reference":"\"Minor League Free Agents 2018\". baseballamerica.com. November 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.baseballamerica.com/stories/minor-league-free-agents-2018/","url_text":"\"Minor League Free Agents 2018\""}]},{"reference":"\"Alex Mejía jugará con Acereros\" (in Spanish). January 24, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.milb.com/mexican/news/alex-mej237a-jugar225-con-acereros/c-303129430","url_text":"\"Alex Mejía jugará con Acereros\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mexican League Cancels 2020 Season\". July 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.mlbtraderumors.com/2020/07/mexican-league-cancels-2020-season.html","url_text":"\"Mexican League Cancels 2020 Season\""}]},{"reference":"\"Acereros: Novedades en el campamento de la Furia Azul\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.milb.com/reno/news/acereros-novedades-en-el-campamento-de-la-furia-azul","url_text":"\"Acereros: Novedades en el campamento de la Furia Azul\""}]},{"reference":"\"LMB: Movimientos en listas de reserva - 1 de marzo de 2024\". milb.com. Retrieved March 3, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.milb.com/mexican/news/lmb-movimientos-en-listas-de-reserva-1-de-marzo-de-2024","url_text":"\"LMB: Movimientos en listas de reserva - 1 de marzo de 2024\""}]},{"reference":"Ryan Finley Arizona Daily Star (June 19, 2012). \"Arizona baseball: 'Omaha or bust': Parents share Mejia's joy\". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved August 31, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://tucson.com/sports/baseball/college/wildcats/arizona-baseball-omaha-or-bust-parents-share-mejia-s-joy/article_0e9c2890-73ea-5613-a932-421bf8a6e31a.html","url_text":"\"Arizona baseball: 'Omaha or bust': Parents share Mejia's joy\""}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperia_macrocephala
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Hyperia macrocephala
|
["1 Etymology","2 Description","3 Distribution","4 References","5 External links"]
|
Species of crustacean
Hyperia macrocephala
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Amphipoda
Suborder:
Hyperiidea
Family:
Hyperiidae
Genus:
Hyperia
Species:
H. macrocephala
Binomial name
Hyperia macrocephala(Dana, 1853)
Hyperia macrocephala is a species of zooplankton, an amphipod in the family Hyperiidae.
Etymology
The name Hyperia macrocephala comes from the Latin "large head".
Description
This species can grow to 29 mm. The head of Hyperia macrocephala is shorter than the combined length of the first two pereonites. Specimens that are large and mature have CX IV that are pointed and laterally projecting. The P III-IV have many short, non-uniform setae on ART 5 and 6. The P V-VII are naked, and have a short cluster of setae apparently on only on the anterodistal margins of ART 2 of P V and VII. There are sharply pointed posterodistal corners on the epimeral plates. There is a strongly convex shape to the posterior margin of the epimera III. The UR is quite thin, the telson being fairly short in length.
Distribution
This species is found in the South Atlantic Ocean and around almost the entire coast of the Antarctic Ocean.
References
^ a b Claude De Broyer (2010). "Hyperia macrocephala (Dana, 1853)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
^ a b "Marine Species Identification Portal : Hyperia macrocephala".
^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-05-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
External links
Illustration
Illustrations and distribution diagrams around page 16
Taxon identifiersHyperia macrocephala
Wikidata: Q3932322
BOLD: 153436
CoL: 3NP7L
GBIF: 5177653
IRMNG: 11088388
ITIS: 656447
NCBI: 371515
OBIS: 325376
Open Tree of Life: 625882
SeaLifeBase: 19891
WoRMS: 325376
Tauria macrocephala
Wikidata: Q109655367
CoL: 7ZL78
GBIF: 11084504
This amphipod article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Claude De Broyer (2010). \"Hyperia macrocephala (Dana, 1853)\". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 10, 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=325376","url_text":"\"Hyperia macrocephala (Dana, 1853)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species","url_text":"World Register of Marine Species"}]},{"reference":"\"Marine Species Identification Portal : Hyperia macrocephala\".","urls":[{"url":"http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=zsao&id=3442","url_text":"\"Marine Species Identification Portal : Hyperia macrocephala\""}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-05-17.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202122/http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/pdf_hi/SCTZ-0136.pdf","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/pdf_hi/SCTZ-0136.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbury-sub-Mendip
|
Westbury-sub-Mendip
|
["1 History","2 Governance","3 Religious sites","4 Notable residents","5 References","6 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 51°14′10″N 2°42′51″W / 51.2361°N 2.7141°W / 51.2361; -2.7141
Human settlement in EnglandWestbury-sub-MendipChurch of St Lawrence at WestburyWestbury-sub-MendipLocation within SomersetPopulation801 (2011 Census)OS grid referenceST501488Civil parishWestbury-sub-MendipUnitary authoritySomerset CouncilCeremonial countySomersetRegionSouth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townWELLSPostcode districtBA5Dialling code01749PoliceAvon and SomersetFireDevon and SomersetAmbulanceSouth Western
UK ParliamentWellsWebsiteWestbury-sub-Mendip Parish Council
List of places
UK
England
Somerset
51°14′10″N 2°42′51″W / 51.2361°N 2.7141°W / 51.2361; -2.7141
Westbury-sub-Mendip is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. The village is on the southern slopes of the Mendip Hills, 4 miles (6.4 km) from Wells and Cheddar.
The parish boundary is formed by the River Axe.
History
There is evidence, from flint finds, of occupation of a site, known as Westbury Sleight during the Mesolithic period, which fieldwork during 2007 suggested was a platform cairn with field banks of Bronze Age date. In 1969 traces of an infilled cave were discovered in a limestone quarry which produced numerous bones from extinct animals and flakes of flint and chert.
Westbury-sub-Mendip was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Westberie, meaning 'The west hill under the Mendip Hills' from the Old English west and beorg. It was the property of Gisa, Bishop of Wells. However given the etymology quoted by Ekwall a more likely meaning is 'fortified enclosure west (of Wells)'. The 'fortification' may have been the Iron Age fort above the neighbouring village of Rodney Stoke; or the sub-circular enclosure around a British church or monastery; or around the lord of the manor's hall, now Court House Farm.
The parish was part of the hundred of Wells Forum.
The village cross is a 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in) high shaft on a six step octagonal base.
The village once had a railway station on the Cheddar Valley line, also known as the Strawberry Line. The station, known as Lodge Hill, apparently to avoid confusion with Westbury in Wiltshire, is now an industrial estate providing employment for the village. Until recently the former railway line was an airfield for light aircraft.
The village has a number of amenities including a primary school, parish church, post office and pub. Social events include the annual Club Day on Spring Bank Holiday Monday. This involves a parade through the village led by a brass band. The event is organised by The Westbury Friendly Society, which is one of the five surviving Friendly Societies in Somerset. The church of St Lawrence at Westbury was given to the Augustinian canons of Bruton Priory by Robert, Bishop of Bath, in the 12th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Westbury-sub-Mendip won the title of Somerset Village of the Year 2006.
During 2009 a K6 Red telephone box in the village was converted into a library or book exchange replacing the services of the mobile library which no longer visits the village.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
For local government purposes, the village falls within the Somerset Council unitary authority area, which was created on 1 April 2023. From 1894 to 31 March 1974, the village was part of Wells Rural District, and from 1 April 1974 to 31 March 2023, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Mendip.
Westbury-sub-Mendip falls within the county constituency of Wells, which has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by James Heappey of the Conservative Party since 2015.
Religious sites
The Church of St Lawrence was built in the 12th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.
Notable residents
David Heath (born 1954), optometrist and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1997 to 2015, was born in Westbury-sub-Mendip.
James Lance, actor, grew up in Westbury-sub-Mendip.
Steve Voake, successful children's author, lives in Westbury-sub-Mendip.
References
^ "Westbury Parish". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
^ "Mendip Hills: An Archaeological Survey of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty" (PDF). Somerset County Council Archaeological Projects. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
^ "Westbury Sleight". CBA South West. 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
^ Webster, Chris; Mayberry, Tom (2007). "Palaeolithic and mesolithic". The archaeology of Somerset. Wellington: Somerset Books. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-86183-437-2.
^ Robinson, Stephen (1992). Somerset Place Names. Wimborne, Dorset: The Dovecote Press Ltd. ISBN 1-874336-03-2.
^ Ekwall, Eilert (1966). A Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford University Press
^ "Somerset Hundreds". GENUKI. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ Historic England. "Westbury village cross (1016292)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
^ Historic England. "Church of St Lawrence (1178326)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 May 2006.
^ Morris, Steven (30 November 2009). "Ringing the changes: phone box becomes mini-library". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
^ "Phone box has new life as library". BBC. 29 November 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
^ "Phone box's new calling". This is Somerset. 16 November 2009. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
^ "Wells RD". A Vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^ "Contact Burnham-On-Sea MP James Heappey". Burnham-On-Sea.com. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
^ Historic England. "Church of St Lawrence (1178326)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
^ "Somerset News, Stories & Events Online - Somerset Live". Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Westbury-sub-Mendip.
Westbury-sub-Mendip website
vteTowns, villages and hamlets in the Mendip district of Somerset, England
Alhampton
Ashwick
Baltonsborough
Batcombe
Beckington
Berkley
Binegar
Blatchbridge
Buckland Dinham
Chewton Mendip
Chilcompton
Coleford
Cranmore
Croscombe
Ditcheat
Doulting
Downhead
East Lydford
East Pennard
Emborough
Evercreech
Frome
Glastonbury
Godney
Great Elm
Hemington
Holcombe
Kilmersdon
Lamyatt
Leigh-on-Mendip
Litton
Lullington
Lydford-on-Fosse
Meare
Mells
Milton Clevedon
North Wootton
Norton St Philip
Nunney
Pilton
Priddy
Pylle
Rode
Rodney Stoke
Rudge
Selwood
Sharpham
Shepton Mallet
St Cuthbert Out
Stoke St Michael
Ston Easton
Stratton-on-the-Fosse
Street
Tellisford
Trudoxhill
Upton Noble
Walton
Wanstrow
Wells
West Bradley
West Lydford
West Pennard
Westbury-sub-Mendip
Whatley
Witham Friary
Wookey
Wookey Hole
vteMendip HillsSettlements
Ashwick
Axbridge
Banwell
Bishop Sutton
Blagdon
Bleadon
Burrington
Charterhouse
Cheddar
Chewton Mendip
Churchill
Compton Bishop
Compton Martin
Cross
Draycott
East Harptree
Easton
Hinton Blewett
Hutton
Leigh-on-Mendip
Litton
Oakhill
Priddy
Rodney Stoke
Rowberrow
Sandford
Shepton Mallet
Shipham
Ubley
Webbington
Wells
West Harptree
Westbury-sub-Mendip
Winscombe
Wookey Hole
Rivers and lakes
River Axe
Cheddar Yeo
River Chew
River Yeo
Lox Yeo River
Blagdon Lake
Cheddar Reservoir
Chew Valley Lake
Litton Reservoirs
Hills
Axbridge Hill
Black Down
Bleadon Hill
Burledge Hill
Crook Peak
Fry's Hill
Pen Hill
Purn Hill
Shute Shelve Hill
Wavering Down
Caves and gorges
Attborough Swallet
Aveline's Hole
Axbridge Ochre Mine
Banwell Caves
Banwell Ochre Caves
Burrington Combe
Charterhouse Cave
Cheddar Gorge
Compton Martin Ochre Mine
Cox's Cave
Eastwater Cavern
Ebbor Gorge
Fairy Cave Quarry
GB Cave
Goatchurch Cavern
Gough's Cave
Hunter's Hole
Lamb Leer
Longwood Swallet
Manor Farm Swallet
Picken's Hole
Pierre's Pot
Priddy Caves
Read's Cavern
Reservoir Hole
Rhino Rift
Rod's Pot
Shatter Cave
Shute Shelve Cavern
Sidcot Swallet
St Cuthbert's Swallet
St. Dunstan's Well Catchment
Stoke Lane Slocker
Swildon's Hole
Thrupe Lane Swallet
Tyning's Barrow Swallet
Upper Flood Swallet
W/L Cave
Wookey Hole Caves
Quarries
Batts Combe
Callow Rock
Cloford
Cloud
Colemans
Cook's Wood
Doulting Stone
Dulcote
Emborough
Fairy Cave
Gurney Slade
Halecombe
Hobbs
Holwell
Moon's Hill
Torr Works
Viaduct
Whatley
Windsor Hill
SSSIs
Asham Wood
Axbridge Hill and Fry's Hill
Banwell Caves
Banwell Ochre Caves
Barns Batch Spinney
Blagdon Lake
Bleadon Hill
Brimble Pit and Cross Swallet Basins
Burledge Hill
Burrington Combe
Chancellor's Farm
Cheddar Complex
Cheddar Reservoir
Cheddar Wood
Chew Valley Lake
Cloford Quarry
Compton Martin Ochre Mine
Cook's Wood Quarry
Crook Peak to Shute Shelve Hill
Dolebury Warren
Draycott Sleights
Ebbor Gorge
Emborough Quarries
Harptree Combe
Hobbs Quarry
Holwell Quarries
Kingdown and Middledown
Lamb Leer
Priddy Caves
Priddy Pools
Perch
Rodney Stoke
St. Dunstan's Well Catchment
Sandpit Hole and Bishop's Lot
Shiplate Slait
Viaduct Quarry
Windsor Hill Quarry
Wurt Pit and Devil's Punchbowl
History
Priddy Circles
Cheddar Man
Drove Cottage Henge
Dolebury Warren
Charterhouse Roman Town
Fosse Way
King John's Hunting Lodge, Axbridge
Priddy Mineries
Somerset Coalfield
Somerset Coal Canal
Cheddar Valley line
East Somerset Railway
Transport
Mendip Rail
Mendip Way
Monarch's Way
National Cycle Route 24
A37 road
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Councils
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Surrounding areas
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Authority control databases International
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"civil parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_parish"},{"link_name":"Somerset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset"},{"link_name":"Mendip Hills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendip_Hills"},{"link_name":"Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells,_Somerset"},{"link_name":"Cheddar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddar,_Somerset"},{"link_name":"River Axe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Axe_(Bristol_Channel)"}],"text":"Human settlement in EnglandWestbury-sub-Mendip is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. The village is on the southern slopes of the Mendip Hills, 4 miles (6.4 km) from Wells and Cheddar.The parish boundary is formed by the River Axe.","title":"Westbury-sub-Mendip"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"flint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint"},{"link_name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithic"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"limestone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Domesday Book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book"},{"link_name":"Old English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English"},{"link_name":"Gisa, Bishop of Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisa_(Bishop_of_Wells)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Rodney Stoke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Stoke"},{"link_name":"hundred","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_(county_subdivision)"},{"link_name":"Wells Forum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Forum_(hundred)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Cheddar Valley line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddar_Valley_line"},{"link_name":"Lodge Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodge_Hill_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Westbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westbury,_Wiltshire"},{"link_name":"Wiltshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiltshire"},{"link_name":"pub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_house"},{"link_name":"Friendly Societies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_Societies"},{"link_name":"listed building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_building"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Red telephone box","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_telephone_box"},{"link_name":"mobile library","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_library"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"There is evidence, from flint finds, of occupation of a site, known as Westbury Sleight during the Mesolithic period,[2] which fieldwork during 2007 suggested was a platform cairn with field banks of Bronze Age date.[3] In 1969 traces of an infilled cave were discovered in a limestone quarry which produced numerous bones from extinct animals and flakes of flint and chert.[4]Westbury-sub-Mendip was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Westberie, meaning 'The west hill under the Mendip Hills' from the Old English west and beorg. It was the property of Gisa, Bishop of Wells.[5] However given the etymology quoted by Ekwall[6] a more likely meaning is 'fortified enclosure west (of Wells)'. The 'fortification' may have been the Iron Age fort above the neighbouring village of Rodney Stoke; or the sub-circular enclosure around a British church or monastery; or around the lord of the manor's hall, now Court House Farm.The parish was part of the hundred of Wells Forum.[7]The village cross is a 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in) high shaft on a six step octagonal base.[8]The village once had a railway station on the Cheddar Valley line, also known as the Strawberry Line. The station, known as Lodge Hill, apparently to avoid confusion with Westbury in Wiltshire, is now an industrial estate providing employment for the village. Until recently the former railway line was an airfield for light aircraft.The village has a number of amenities including a primary school, parish church, post office and pub. Social events include the annual Club Day on Spring Bank Holiday Monday. This involves a parade through the village led by a brass band. The event is organised by The Westbury Friendly Society, which is one of the five surviving Friendly Societies in Somerset. The church of St Lawrence at Westbury was given to the Augustinian canons of Bruton Priory by Robert, Bishop of Bath, in the 12th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.[9]Westbury-sub-Mendip won the title of Somerset Village of the Year 2006.During 2009 a K6 Red telephone box in the village was converted into a library or book exchange replacing the services of the mobile library which no longer visits the village.[10][11][12]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"parish council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish_councils_of_England"},{"link_name":"neighbourhood watch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood_Watch_(UK)"},{"link_name":"local government","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_England"},{"link_name":"Somerset Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Council"},{"link_name":"unitary authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England"},{"link_name":"Wells Rural District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Rural_District"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-wellsrd-13"},{"link_name":"non-metropolitan district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district"},{"link_name":"Mendip","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendip_District"},{"link_name":"county constituency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Wells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_(UK_Parliament_constituency)"},{"link_name":"House of Commons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"James Heappey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Heappey"},{"link_name":"Conservative Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.For local government purposes, the village falls within the Somerset Council unitary authority area, which was created on 1 April 2023. From 1894 to 31 March 1974, the village was part of Wells Rural District,[13] and from 1 April 1974 to 31 March 2023, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Mendip.Westbury-sub-Mendip falls within the county constituency of Wells, which has been represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by James Heappey of the Conservative Party since 2015.[14]","title":"Governance"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Church of St Lawrence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St_Lawrence,_Westbury-sub-Mendip"},{"link_name":"listed building","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_building"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"The Church of St Lawrence was built in the 12th century. It is a Grade II* listed building.[15]","title":"Religious sites"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"David Heath","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Heath_(politician)"},{"link_name":"James Lance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lance"},{"link_name":"Steve Voake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Voake"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"}],"text":"David Heath (born 1954), optometrist and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1997 to 2015, was born in Westbury-sub-Mendip.\nJames Lance, actor, grew up in Westbury-sub-Mendip.\nSteve Voake, successful children's author, lives in Westbury-sub-Mendip.[16]","title":"Notable residents"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Westbury Parish\". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 January 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11130424&c=Westbury&d=16&e=61&g=6461302&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1388578134420&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2491","url_text":"\"Westbury Parish\""}]},{"reference":"\"Mendip Hills: An Archaeological Survey of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty\" (PDF). Somerset County Council Archaeological Projects. Retrieved 28 October 2006.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.somerset.gov.uk/media/896B4/MendipAONB.pdf","url_text":"\"Mendip Hills: An Archaeological Survey of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty\""}]},{"reference":"\"Westbury Sleight\". CBA South West. 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.britarch.ac.uk/cbasw/publications/scribd/chert_westbury_sleight.html","url_text":"\"Westbury Sleight\""}]},{"reference":"Webster, Chris; Mayberry, Tom (2007). \"Palaeolithic and mesolithic\". The archaeology of Somerset. Wellington: Somerset Books. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-0-86183-437-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86183-437-2","url_text":"978-0-86183-437-2"}]},{"reference":"Robinson, Stephen (1992). Somerset Place Names. Wimborne, Dorset: The Dovecote Press Ltd. ISBN 1-874336-03-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874336-03-2","url_text":"1-874336-03-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Somerset Hundreds\". GENUKI. Retrieved 12 September 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/","url_text":"\"Somerset Hundreds\""}]},{"reference":"Historic England. \"Westbury village cross (1016292)\". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1016292","url_text":"\"Westbury village cross (1016292)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"Historic England. \"Church of St Lawrence (1178326)\". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 May 2006.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1178326","url_text":"\"Church of St Lawrence (1178326)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"Morris, Steven (30 November 2009). \"Ringing the changes: phone box becomes mini-library\". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/nov/30/phone-box-mini-library-somerset","url_text":"\"Ringing the changes: phone box becomes mini-library\""}]},{"reference":"\"Phone box has new life as library\". BBC. 29 November 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/somerset/8385313.stm","url_text":"\"Phone box has new life as library\""}]},{"reference":"\"Phone box's new calling\". This is Somerset. 16 November 2009. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091213023538/http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/news/Phone-box-s-new-calling/article-1518328-detail/article.html","url_text":"\"Phone box's new calling\""},{"url":"http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/news/Phone-box-s-new-calling/article-1518328-detail/article.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Wells RD\". A Vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 30 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10061581","url_text":"\"Wells RD\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth","url_text":"University of Portsmouth"}]},{"reference":"\"Contact Burnham-On-Sea MP James Heappey\". Burnham-On-Sea.com. Retrieved 30 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.burnham-on-sea.com/community-pages/contact-burnhams-mp/","url_text":"\"Contact Burnham-On-Sea MP James Heappey\""}]},{"reference":"Historic England. \"Church of St Lawrence (1178326)\". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 December 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_England","url_text":"Historic England"},{"url":"https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1178326","url_text":"\"Church of St Lawrence (1178326)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England","url_text":"National Heritage List for England"}]},{"reference":"\"Somerset News, Stories & Events Online - Somerset Live\". Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20130505114311/http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/guardian/news/Undefined-Headline/article-1043375-detail/article.html","url_text":"\"Somerset News, Stories & Events Online - Somerset Live\""},{"url":"http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/guardian/news/Undefined-Headline/article-1043375-detail/article.html","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashutosh_Kotwal
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Ashutosh Kotwal
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["1 Early life","2 Career","3 Research","4 Awards","5 References","6 External links"]
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American-Indian physicist (born 1965)
Ashutosh KotwalAshutosh KotwalBorn (1965-12-20) December 20, 1965 (age 58)Mumbai, IndiaOccupationParticle physicist
Ashutosh Vijay Kotwal (born December 20, 1965) is an American particle physicist of Indian origin. He is the Fritz London Professor of Physics at Duke University, and conducts research in particle physics related to W bosons and the Higgs boson and searches for new particles and forces.
Early life
Kotwal was born in Mumbai, India, and attended schools in Calcutta, Lucknow, New Delhi and Mumbai. He then began studying at the University of Pennsylvania in 1983 on a full scholarship from the University, and graduated Summa cum Laude with dual degrees in electrical engineering from the Moore School and in economics with finance major from the Wharton School in 1988. He was a Benjamin Franklin Scholar at Penn. He received his PhD in physics from Harvard University in 1995.
Career
After conducting post-doctoral research at Columbia University, Kotwal joined Duke University as a professor in 1999, where he is now the Fritz London Distinguished Professor of Physics and has served as the Director of Particle Physics at the University. Additionally, Kotwal was in charge of a Higgs boson search team as part of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, with the aim of proving the existence of the particle. Kotwal was part of the CERN team that announced the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. He conducts experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as well as at Fermilab in Chicago. In addition to his research, Kotwal presently coordinates U.S. physicists in the global effort to build a new collider with 7 times higher energy than the LHC, and has collaborated with the Chinese and European groups in this effort.
Research
Kotwal leads the world in measuring the mass of the W boson, which is connected to the Higgs boson, using the data from the CDF and D0 experiments at Fermilab. In 2012, he analyzed 1 million W boson events to measure its mass to an accuracy of 0.02%, then the world's most precise measurement, which in turn allowed him to predict the mass of the Higgs boson prior to its discovery in 2012. In 2022, he analyzed 4 million W boson events to measure its mass to an accuracy of 0.01%. This measurement is more precise than all previous measurements combined. It is in significant tension with the value expected from the Standard Model of particle physics, and may imply the existence of new principles of physics in nature. In 2023, the ATLAS experiment released an improved measurement for the mass of the W boson, 80,360 ± 16 MeV, which aligned with predictions from the Standard Model.
Awards
Kotwal was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2008, and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012, for performing high-precision measurements that helped deduce the mass of the Higgs boson.
Kotwal is the recipient of the Outstanding Junior Investigator Award from the US Department of Energy, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship. He has received the Dean's Leadership Award from Duke University and is a Fellow of the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences, India.
References
^ a b c "Visions from Star Trek could become reality this century". The Indian Express. 21 June 2011.
^ "Duke Announces 2014 Distinguished Professors". today.duke.edu. 7 May 2014. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
^ a b c "Higgs boson discovery has Pune connection - Sakal Times". Archived from the original on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2016-02-24.
^ "After Higgs is the Turn to Dark Matter and Gravity". Anne's Astronomy News. 15 July 2012.
^ a b "LHC could give evidence of evolution". The Times of India. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
^ "China's Proposed Heir to the LHC". www.aps.org. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
^ "Pune scientist devises method to measure 'W Boson' - Sakal Times". Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
^ Kotwal, Manik (7 May 2022). "'डब्लू बोझॉन'-आख्यानाचा सूत्रधार". Loksatta (in Marathi). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
^ a b c Aaltonen, T.; et al. (2022). "High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector". Science. 376 (6589): 170–176. Bibcode:2022Sci...376..170C. doi:10.1126/science.abk1781. hdl:11390/1225696. PMID 35389814. S2CID 248025265.
^ Ouellette, Jennifer (24 March 2023). "New value for W boson mass dims 2022 hints of physics beyond Standard Model". Ars Technica. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
^ "Improved W boson Mass Measurement using $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector". ATLAS experiment. CERN. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
^ "Fellows of AAAS". membercentral.aaas.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
^ "Indian-origin scientist honoured in the US - Sakal Times". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
^ "Duke University Award Winners". trinity.duke.edu. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
^ "Maharashtra Academy of Sciences Members". mahascience.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
External links
Duke Physics Profile
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
United States
Academics
Google Scholar
ORCID
zbMATH
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Duke University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University"},{"link_name":"Higgs boson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson"}],"text":"Ashutosh Vijay Kotwal (born December 20, 1965) is an American particle physicist of Indian origin. He is the Fritz London Professor of Physics at Duke University, and conducts research in particle physics related to W bosons and the Higgs boson and searches for new particles and forces.","title":"Ashutosh Kotwal"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mumbai","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai"},{"link_name":"Calcutta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta"},{"link_name":"Lucknow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow"},{"link_name":"New Delhi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-indianexpress.com-1"},{"link_name":"University of Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Wharton School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton_School"},{"link_name":"Harvard University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-indianexpress.com-1"}],"text":"Kotwal was born in Mumbai, India, and attended schools in Calcutta, Lucknow, New Delhi and Mumbai.[1] He then began studying at the University of Pennsylvania in 1983 on a full scholarship from the University, and graduated Summa cum Laude with dual degrees in electrical engineering from the Moore School and in economics with finance major from the Wharton School in 1988. He was a Benjamin Franklin Scholar at Penn. 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In 2012, he analyzed 1 million W boson events to measure its mass to an accuracy of 0.02%,[7][8] then the world's most precise measurement, which in turn allowed him to predict the mass of the Higgs boson prior to its discovery in 2012.[5] In 2022, he analyzed 4 million W boson events to measure its mass to an accuracy of 0.01%.[9] This measurement is more precise than all previous measurements combined.[9] It is in significant tension with the value expected from the Standard Model of particle physics, and may imply the existence of new principles of physics in nature.[9] In 2023, the ATLAS experiment released an improved measurement for the mass of the W boson, 80,360 ± 16 MeV, which aligned with predictions from the Standard Model.[10][11]","title":"Research"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"American Physical Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Physical_Society"},{"link_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Maharashtra Academy of Sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra_Academy_of_Sciences"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Kotwal was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2008, and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012,[12] for performing high-precision measurements that helped deduce the mass of the Higgs boson.[13]\nKotwal is the recipient of the Outstanding Junior Investigator Award from the US Department of Energy, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship. He has received the Dean's Leadership Award from Duke University[14] and is a Fellow of the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences, India.[15]","title":"Awards"}]
|
[]
| null |
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Retrieved 7 May 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.loksatta.com/sampadkiya/visheshlekh/w-bozon-narrator-creation-mystery-scientist-new-research-ysh-95-2917732/","url_text":"\"'डब्लू बोझॉन'-आख्यानाचा सूत्रधार\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loksatta","url_text":"Loksatta"}]},{"reference":"Aaltonen, T.; et al. (2022). \"High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector\". Science. 376 (6589): 170–176. Bibcode:2022Sci...376..170C. doi:10.1126/science.abk1781. hdl:11390/1225696. PMID 35389814. 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Ars Technica. Retrieved 26 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/03/new-value-for-w-boson-mass-dims-2022-hints-of-physics-beyond-standard-model/","url_text":"\"New value for W boson mass dims 2022 hints of physics beyond Standard Model\""}]},{"reference":"\"Improved W boson Mass Measurement using $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector\". ATLAS experiment. CERN. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/CONFNOTES/ATLAS-CONF-2023-004/","url_text":"\"Improved W boson Mass Measurement using $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fellows of AAAS\". membercentral.aaas.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://membercentral.aaas.org/fellows?LastName=K&Section=B&Country=All&State=All&name=&company=","url_text":"\"Fellows of AAAS\""}]},{"reference":"\"Indian-origin scientist honoured in the US - Sakal Times\". 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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pommel_horse
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Pommel horse
|
["1 Apparatus","1.1 History","1.2 Dimensions","2 Routines","2.1 International level routines","2.2 Scoring and rules","3 Olympic pommel horse medalists","4 World pommel horse medalists","5 References"]
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Apparatus used in artistic gymnastics
A gymnast on the pommel horse
The pommel horse is an artistic gymnastics apparatus. Traditionally, it is used by only male gymnasts. Originally made of a metal frame with a wooden body and a leather cover, the modern pommel horse has a metal body covered with foam rubber and leather, with plastic handles (or pommels).
Apparatus
History
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2010)
The apparatus originates from the Romans, who used wooden horses to teach mounting and dismounting. They later added it to the ancient Olympic Games. The basic modern exercises were developed in the early 19th century by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, founder of the German Turnverein.An early pommel horse
Dimensions
Measurements of the apparatus are published by the Fédération internationale de gymnastique (FIG) in the Apparatus Norms brochure.
Height from top surface to floor: 115 centimetres (3.77 ft) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)
Length at top: 160 centimetres (5.2 ft) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)
Length at bottom: 155 centimetres (5.09 ft) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)
Width at top: 35 centimetres (14 in) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)
Width at bottom: 30 centimetres (12 in) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)
Height of the pommels: 12 centimetres (4.7 in) ± 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in)
Distance between the pommels: 40 centimetres (16 in) – 45 centimetres (18 in) (adjustable)
Routines
Pommel horse during the 1896 Summer Olympics.
A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg workouts. Single leg skills are generally in the form of scissors. Double leg workout however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise depending on preference) and performs such skills on all parts of the apparatus. To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on a typical circling skill by turning (moores and spindles), by straddling their legs (Flairs), placing one or both hands on the pommel or the leather, or moving up and down the horse placing their hands on the pommel and/or the leather (travelling). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse or going through a handstand to land on the mat. The pommel horse, its gymnastic elements, and various rules are all regulated by the Code of Points.
Pommel horse is considered one of the more difficult men's events. While it is well noted that all events require a certain build of muscle and technique, pommel horse tends to favor technique over muscle. This is because horse routines are done from the shoulders in a leaning motion and that no moves need to be held, unlike other events. Therefore, stress induced in one's arms is reduced, meaning less muscle is needed in this event than events like still rings or parallel bars.
International level routines
Alberto Braglia
A pommel horse routine should contain at least one element from all element groups:
Single leg swings and scissors
Circles and flairs, with and/or without spindles and handstands
Side and cross support travels
Dismounts
Scoring and rules
As with all events in the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique guidelines, form is crucial to any successful routine. For pommel horse, form consists of keeping one's feet pointed and legs straight during the entire routine. The gymnast should keep his legs together during all elements, exceptions being scissors, single legged elements, and flairs where, conversely, the degree and control of separation are considered important. Points are also deducted for not using all three sections of the horse and pausing or stopping on the apparatus. Deductions also apply for brushing and hitting the apparatus.
Olympic pommel horse medalists
See also: Pommel horse at the Olympics
The most decorated and successful Olympic pommel worker in history is Great Britain's Max Whitlock, with three medals including two gold medals. Two other gymnasts have three pommel horse Olympic medals across three Games; Romania's Marius Urzică with one gold and two silver medals, and Whitlock's compatriot and teammate Louis Smith with two silvers, and a bronze - under historic rules Smith would have shared gold in 2012, but was awarded silver behind Kristian Berki after a tie was broken on execution score.
Three other pommel workers have two Olympic gold medals, and each is considered a legend of the sport; the Soviet Union gymnast Boris Shakhlin. the Yugoslav Miroslav Cerar and the Hungarian master, Zoltán Magyar.
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1896 Athensdetails
Louis Zutter Switzerland
Hermann Weingärtner Germany
none awarded
1900 Paris
not included in the Olympic program
1904 St. Louisdetails
Anton Heida United States
George Eyser United States
William Merz United States
1908–1920
not included in the Olympic program
1924 Parisdetails
Josef Wilhelm Switzerland
Jean Gutweninger Switzerland
Antoine Rebetez Switzerland
1928 Amsterdamdetails
Hermann Hänggi Switzerland
Georges Miez Switzerland
Heikki Savolainen Finland
1932 Los Angelesdetails
István Pelle Hungary
Omero Bonoli Italy
Frank Haubold United States
1936 Berlindetails
Konrad Frey Germany
Eugen Mack Switzerland
Albert Bachmann Switzerland
1948 Londondetails
Paavo Aaltonen Finland
none awarded
none awarded
Veikko Huhtanen Finland
Heikki Savolainen Finland
1952 Helsinkidetails
Viktor Chukarin Soviet Union
Yevgeny Korolkov Soviet Union
none awarded
Hrant Shahinyan Soviet Union
1956 Melbournedetails
Boris Shakhlin Soviet Union
Takashi Ono Japan
Viktor Chukarin Soviet Union
1960 Romedetails
Eugen Ekman Finland
none awarded
Shuji Tsurumi Japan
Boris Shakhlin Soviet Union
1964 Tokyodetails
Miroslav Cerar Yugoslavia
Shuji Tsurumi Japan
Yury Tsapenko Soviet Union
1968 Mexico Citydetails
Miroslav Cerar Yugoslavia
Olli Laiho Finland
Mikhail Voronin Soviet Union
1972 Munichdetails
Viktor Klimenko Soviet Union
Sawao Kato Japan
Eizo Kenmotsu Japan
1976 Montrealdetails
Zoltán Magyar Hungary
Eizo Kenmotsu Japan
Nikolai Andrianov Soviet Union
Michael Nikolay East Germany
1980 Moscowdetails
Zoltán Magyar Hungary
Alexander Dityatin Soviet Union
Michael Nikolay East Germany
1984 Los Angelesdetails
Li Ning China
none awarded
Timothy Daggett United States
Peter Vidmar United States
1988 Seouldetails
Dmitry Bilozerchev Soviet Union
none awarded
none awarded
Zsolt Borkai Hungary
Lubomir Geraskov Bulgaria
1992 Barcelonadetails
Pae Gil-su North Korea
none awarded
Andreas Wecker Germany
Vitaly Scherbo Unified Team
1996 Atlantadetails
Donghua Li Switzerland
Marius Urzică Romania
Alexei Nemov Russia
2000 Sydneydetails
Marius Urzică Romania
Eric Poujade France
Alexei Nemov Russia
2004 Athensdetails
Teng Haibin China
Marius Urzică Romania
Takehiro Kashima Japan
2008 Beijingdetails
Xiao Qin China
Filip Ude Croatia
Louis Smith Great Britain
2012 Londondetails
Krisztián Berki Hungary
Louis Smith Great Britain
Max Whitlock Great Britain
2016 Rio de Janeirodetails
Max Whitlock Great Britain
Louis Smith Great Britain
Alexander Naddour United States
2020 Tokyodetails
Max Whitlock Great Britain
Lee Chih-kai Chinese Taipei
Kazuma Kaya Japan
World pommel horse medalists
Pommel horse has been contested at World Championships from their inauguration. The record for most World victories is held by several workers at 3. Three of the four double Olympic champions, Miroslav Cerar, Zoltan Magyar and Max Whitlock have each won the World title three times, to set the record for combined global titles at 5. The most decorated workers at World Championships are Whitlock, Xiao Qin and Kristian Berki, both with three gold and two silver medals.
With five global gold medals, 2 silvers and a bronze, Whitlock is the most successful and most decorated pommel worker in the event's history.
Bold numbers in brackets denotes record number of victories.
Year
Location
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1903
Antwerp
Georges Dejagere Joseph Lux Henricus Thyssen
—
—
1905
Bordeaux
Georges Dejagere
Marcel Lalu
Daniel Lavielle
1907
Prague
František Erben
Jules Rolland
Karel Sal
1909
Luxembourg
No pommel horse event held
1911
Turin
Osvaldo Palazzi
Paolo Salvi Giorgio Zampori
—
1913
Paris
Giorgio Zampori
N. Aubry Osvaldo Palazzi Marco Torrès
—
1915–1917
Not held due to World War I
1922
Ljubljana
Miroslav Klinger
Stanislav Indruch Leon Štukelj Peter Šumi
—
1926
Lyon
Jan Karafiát
Jan Gajdoš
Ladislav Vácha
1930
Luxembourg
Josip Primožič
Peter Šumi
Jan Gajdoš
1934
Budapest
Eugen Mack
Eduard Steinemann
Jan Sladek
1938
Prague
Michael Reusch
Vratislav Petráček
Leo Schürmann
1942
Not held due to World War II
1950
Basel
Josef Stalder
Marcel Adatte
Walter Lehmann
1954
Rome
Grant Shaginyan
Josef Stalder
Viktor Chukarin
1958
Moscow
Boris Shakhlin
Pavel Stolbov
Miroslav Cerar
1962
Prague
Miroslav Cerar
Boris Shakhlin
Takashi Mitsukuri Yu Lifeng
1966
Dortmund
Miroslav Cerar
Mikhail Voronin
Takeshi Katō
1970
Ljubljana
Miroslav Cerar (3)
Eizo Kenmotsu
Viktor Klimenko
1974
Varna
Zoltán Magyar
Nikolai Andrianov
Eizo Kenmotsu
1978
Strasbourg
Zoltán Magyar
Eberhard Gienger
Stoyan Deltchev
1979
Fort Worth
Zoltán Magyar (3)
Kurt Thomas
Kōji Gushiken
1981
Moscow
Li Xiaoping Michael Nikolay
—
György Guczoghy Yuri Korolyov
1983
Budapest
Dmitry Bilozerchev
György Guczoghy Li Xiaoping
—
1985
Montreal
Valentin Mogilny
Li Ning
Hiroyuki Konishi
1987
Rotterdam
Dmitry Bilozerchev Zsolt Borkai
—
Lubomir Geraskov
1989
Stuttgart
Valentin Mogilny
Andreas Wecker
Li Jing
1991
Indianapolis
Valery Belenky
Guo Linyao
Li Jing
1992
Paris
Li Jing Pae Gil-su Vitaly Scherbo
—
—
1993
Birmingham
Pae Gil-su
Andreas Wecker
Károly Schupkégel
1994
Brisbane
Marius Urzică
Éric Poujade
Li Donghua Vitaly Marinich
1995
Sabae
Li Donghua
Yoshiaki Hatakeda Huang Huadong
—
1996
San Juan
Pae Gil-su (3)
Li Donghua
Alexei Nemov
1997
Lausanne
Valery Belenky
Éric Poujade
Pae Gil-su
1999
Tianjin
Alexei Nemov
Marius Urzică
Nikolai Kryukov
2001
Ghent
Marius Urzică
Xiao Qin
Oleksandr Beresch
2002
Debrecen
Marius Urzică (3)
Xiao Qin
Takehiro Kashima
2003
Anaheim
Takehiro Kashima Teng Haibin
—
Nikolai Kryukov
2005
Melbourne
Xiao Qin
Ioan Silviu Suciu
Takehiro Kashima
2006
Aarhus
Xiao Qin
Prashanth Sellathurai
Alexander Artemev
2007
Stuttgart
Xiao Qin (3)
Krisztián Berki
Louis Smith
2009
London
Zhang Hongtao
Krisztián Berki
Prashanth Sellathurai
2010
Rotterdam
Krisztián Berki
Louis Smith
Prashanth Sellathurai
2011
Tokyo
Krisztián Berki
Cyril Tommasone
Louis Smith
2013
Antwerp
Kohei Kameyama
Daniel Corral Max Whitlock
—
2014
Nanning
Krisztián Berki (3)
Filip Ude
Cyril Tommasone
2015
Glasgow
Max Whitlock
Louis Smith
Kazuma Kaya Harutyun Merdinyan
2017
Montreal
Max Whitlock
David Belyavskiy
Xiao Ruoteng
2018
Doha
Xiao Ruoteng
Max Whitlock
Lee Chih-kai
2019
Stuttgart
Max Whitlock (3)
Lee Chih-kai
Rhys McClenaghan
2021
Kitakyushu
Stephen Nedoroscik
Kazuma Kaya Weng Hao
—
2022
Liverpool
Rhys McClenaghan
Ahmad Abu Al-Soud
Harutyun Merdinyan
2023
Antwerp
Rhys McClenaghan (2)
Khoi Young (USA)
Ahmad Abu Al-Soud
References
^ "Janssen & Fritsen presents: History of the Pommel Horse". Retrieved 2010-03-21.
^ "pommel horse | gymnastics | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
^ "Apparatus Norms" (PDF). FIG. p. II/13. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
^ "Jassen + Fritsen". Retrieved 2012-12-01.
^ a b c "MAG Code of Points 2013–2016" (PDF). FIG. p. 60. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
^ "MAG Code of Points 2013–2016" (PDF). FIG. p. 65. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pommel horse.
vteArtistic gymnastics apparatus and equipmentWomen's apparatus
Vault
Uneven bars
Balance beam
Floor
Men's apparatus
Floor
Pommel horse
Still rings
Vault
Parallel bars
Horizontal bar
Equipment and uniforms
Braces
Grips
Mats
Uniforms
vteOlympic Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Pommel HorseSummary
1896: Louis Zutter (SUI)
1904: Anton Heida (USA)
1924: Josef Wilhelm (SUI)
1928: Hermann Hänggi (SUI)
1932: István Pelle (HUN)
1936: Konrad Frey (GER)
1948: Paavo Aaltonen (FIN) 1948 Veikko Huhtanen (FIN) 1948 Heikki Savolainen (FIN)
1952: Viktor Chukarin (URS)
1956: Boris Shakhlin (URS)
1960: Boris Shakhlin (URS) 1960 Eugen Ekman (FIN)
1964: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1968: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1972: Viktor Klimenko (URS)
1976: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1980: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1984: Li Ning (CHN) 1984 Peter Vidmar (USA)
1988: Zsolt Borkai (HUN) 1988 Dmitry Bilozerchev (URS) 1988 Lubomir Geraskov (BUL)
1992: Vitaly Scherbo (EUN) 1992 Pae Gil-su (PRK)
1996: Li Donghua (SUI)
2000: Marius Urzică (ROU)
2004: Teng Haibin (CHN)
2008: Xiao Qin (CHN)
2012: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2016: Max Whitlock (GBR)
2020: Max Whitlock (GBR)
vteWorld Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Pommel Horse
1903: Joseph Lux (FRA) 1903 Georges Dejaeghère (FRA) 1903 Hendricus Thijsen (NED)
1905: Georges Dejaeghère (FRA)
1907: František Erben (BOH)
1909: not awarded
1911: Osvaldo Palazzi (ITA)
1913: Giorgio Zampori (ITA)
1922: Miroslav Klinger (TCH)
1926: Jan Karafiát (TCH)
1930: Josip Primožič (YUG)
1931: not awarded
1934: Eugen Mack (SUI)
1938: Michael Reusch (SUI)
1950: Josef Stalder (SUI)
1954: Hrant Shahinyan (URS)
1958: Boris Shakhlin (URS)
1962: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1966: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1970: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1974: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1978: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1979: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1981: Michael Nikolay (GDR) 1981 Li Xiaoping (CHN)
1983: Dmitry Bilozerchev (URS)
1985: Valentin Mogilny (URS)
1987: Dmitry Bilozerchev (URS) 1987 Zsolt Borkai (HUN)
1989: Valentin Mogilny (URS)
1991: Valery Belenky (URS)
1992: Li Jing (CHN) 1992 Vitaly Scherbo (CIS) 1992 Pae Gil-su (PRK)
1993: Pae Gil-su (PRK)
1994: Marius Urzică (ROM)
1995: Li Donghua (SUI)
1996: Pae Gil-su (PRK)
1997: Valery Belenky (GER)
1999: Alexei Nemov (RUS)
2001: Marius Urzică (ROM)
2002: Marius Urzică (ROM)
2003: Takehiro Kashima (JPN) 2003 Teng Haibin (CHN)
2005: Xiao Qin (CHN)
2006: Xiao Qin (CHN)
2007: Xiao Qin (CHN)
2009: Zhang Hongtao (CHN)
2010: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2011: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2013: Kohei Kameyama (JPN)
2014: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2015: Max Whitlock (GBR)
2017: Max Whitlock (GBR)
2018: Xiao Ruoteng (CHN)
2019: Max Whitlock (GBR)
2021: Stephen Nedoroscik (USA)
2022: Rhys McClenaghan (IRL)
2023: Rhys McClenaghan (IRL)
vteEuropean Champions in Artistic Gymnastics - Men's Pommel Horse
1955: Boris Shakhlin (URS)
1957: Joaquín Blume (ESP)
1959: Yuri Titov (URS)
1961: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1963: Miroslav Cerar (YUG)
1965: Viktor Lisitsky (URS)
1967: Mikhail Voronin (URS)
1969: Miroslav Cerar (YUG) 1969 Wilhelm Kubica (POL)
1971: Nikolai Andrianov (URS)
1973: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1975: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1977: Zoltán Magyar (HUN)
1979: Alexander Dityatin (URS) 1979 György Guczoghy (HUN)
1981: György Guczoghy (HUN)
1983: György Guczoghy (HUN)
1985: Dmitry Bilozerchev (URS)
1987: Valeri Liukin (URS)
1989: Valentin Mogilny (URS)
1990: Valentin Mogilny (URS)
1992: Vitaly Scherbo (BLR)
1994: Marius Urzică (ROM)
1996: Li Donghua (SUI)
1998: Éric Poujade (FRA)
2000: Marius Urzică (ROU)
2002: Marius Urzică (ROU)
2004: Ioan Silviu Suciu (ROU)
2005: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2006: Flavius Koczi (ROU)
2007: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2008: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2009: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2010: Dan Keatings (GBR)
2011: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2012: Krisztián Berki (HUN)
2013: Dan Keatings (GBR)
2014: Max Whitlock (GBR)
2015: Louis Smith (GBR)
2016: Harutyun Merdinyan (ARM)
2017: David Belyavskiy (RUS)
2018: Rhys McClenaghan (IRL)
2019: Max Whitlock (GBR)
2020: Matvei Petrov (ALB)
2021: Artur Davtyan (ARM)
2022: Harutyun Merdinyan (ARM)
2023: Rhys McClenaghan (IRL)
2024: Rhys McClenaghan (IRL)
vtePan American Games Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Pommel Horse
1951: Rafael Lecuona (CUB)
1955: Jack Beckner (USA)
1959: Gregor Weiss (USA)
1963: Gar O'Quinn (USA)
1967: Mark Cohn (USA)
1971: Jorge Rodríguez (CUB)
1975: Roberto Richards (CUB)
1979: Roberto Richards (CUB)
1983: Luis Amador (CUB)
1987: Tim Daggett (USA)
1991: José Tejada (CUB)
1995: Erick López (CUB)
1999: Erick López (CUB)
2003: Erick López (CUB)
2007: Luis Rivera (PUR)
2011: Daniel Corral (MEX)
2015: Jossimar Calvo (COL)2015 Marvin Kimble (USA)
2019: Francisco Barretto (BRA)
2023: Zachary Clay (CAN)
vtePan American Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Men's Pommel Horse
1997 Eric López (CUB)
2001 Luis Vargas (PUR)
2004 Johny Parra (VEN)
2005 Luis Rivera (PUR)
2008 José Fuentes (VEN)
2010 Glen Ishino (USA)
2012 José Fuentes (VEN)
2013 Sérgio Sasaki (BRA)
2014 Daniel Corral (MEX)
2016 Fellipe Arakawa (BRA)
2017 Zachary Clay (CAN)
2018 Genki Suzuki (USA)
2021 Santiago Mayol (ARG)
2022 Yul Moldauer (USA)
2023 Khoi Young (USA)
2024 Diogo Soares (BRA)
Authority control databases: National
Germany
Israel
United States
|
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Originally made of a metal frame with a wooden body and a leather cover, the modern pommel horse has a metal body covered with foam rubber and leather, with plastic handles (or pommels).[1]","title":"Pommel horse"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Apparatus"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ancient Olympic Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games"},{"link_name":"Friedrich Ludwig Jahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn"},{"link_name":"Turnverein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turners"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12352,_%C3%84ltestes_Turnpferd.jpg"}],"sub_title":"History","text":"The apparatus originates from the Romans, who used wooden horses to teach mounting and dismounting. They later added it to the ancient Olympic Games. The basic modern exercises were developed in the early 19th century by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, founder of the German Turnverein.[2]An early pommel horse","title":"Apparatus"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fédération internationale de gymnastique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dimensions-3"}],"sub_title":"Dimensions","text":"Measurements of the apparatus are published by the Fédération internationale de gymnastique (FIG) in the Apparatus Norms brochure.[3]Height from top surface to floor: 115 centimetres (3.77 ft) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)\nLength at top: 160 centimetres (5.2 ft) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)\nLength at bottom: 155 centimetres (5.09 ft) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)\nWidth at top: 35 centimetres (14 in) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)\nWidth at bottom: 30 centimetres (12 in) ± 1 centimetre (0.39 in)\nHeight of the pommels: 12 centimetres (4.7 in) ± 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in)\nDistance between the pommels: 40 centimetres (16 in) – 45 centimetres (18 in) (adjustable)","title":"Apparatus"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schuhmann_cavallo_atene_1896.jpg"},{"link_name":"1896 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Code of Points","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"still rings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_(gymnastics)"},{"link_name":"parallel bars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_bars"}],"text":"Pommel horse during the 1896 Summer Olympics.A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg workouts. Single leg skills are generally in the form of scissors. Double leg workout however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise depending on preference) and performs such skills on all parts of the apparatus. To make the exercise more challenging, gymnasts will often include variations on a typical circling skill by turning (moores and spindles), by straddling their legs (Flairs), placing one or both hands on the pommel or the leather, or moving up and down the horse placing their hands on the pommel and/or the leather (travelling). Routines end when the gymnast performs a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse or going through a handstand to land on the mat. The pommel horse, its gymnastic elements, and various rules are all regulated by the Code of Points.Pommel horse is considered one of the more difficult men's events.[4] While it is well noted that all events require a certain build of muscle and technique, pommel horse tends to favor technique over muscle. This is because horse routines are done from the shoulders in a leaning motion and that no moves need to be held, unlike other events. Therefore, stress induced in one's arms is reduced, meaning less muscle is needed in this event than events like still rings or parallel bars.","title":"Routines"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alberto_Braglia.jpg"},{"link_name":"Alberto Braglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Braglia"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deductions-5"}],"sub_title":"International level routines","text":"Alberto BragliaA pommel horse routine should contain at least one element from all element groups:[5]Single leg swings and scissors\nCircles and flairs, with and/or without spindles and handstands\nSide and cross support travels\nDismounts","title":"Routines"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deductions-5"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-deductions-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"sub_title":"Scoring and rules","text":"As with all events in the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique guidelines, form is crucial to any successful routine. For pommel horse, form consists of keeping one's feet pointed and legs straight during the entire routine. The gymnast should keep his legs together during all elements, exceptions being scissors, single legged elements, and flairs where, conversely, the degree and control of separation are considered important.[5] Points are also deducted for not using all three sections of the horse and pausing or stopping on the apparatus.[5] Deductions also apply for brushing and hitting the apparatus.[6]","title":"Routines"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Pommel horse at the Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pommel_horse_at_the_Olympics"},{"link_name":"Max Whitlock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Whitlock"},{"link_name":"Marius Urzică","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marius_Urzic%C4%83"},{"link_name":"Louis Smith","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Smith_(gymnast)"},{"link_name":"Kristian Berki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_Berki"},{"link_name":"Boris Shakhlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Shakhlin"},{"link_name":"Miroslav Cerar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav_Cerar"},{"link_name":"Zoltán Magyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Magyar"}],"text":"See also: Pommel horse at the OlympicsThe most decorated and successful Olympic pommel worker in history is Great Britain's Max Whitlock, with three medals including two gold medals. Two other gymnasts have three pommel horse Olympic medals across three Games; Romania's Marius Urzică with one gold and two silver medals, and Whitlock's compatriot and teammate Louis Smith with two silvers, and a bronze - under historic rules Smith would have shared gold in 2012, but was awarded silver behind Kristian Berki after a tie was broken on execution score.Three other pommel workers have two Olympic gold medals, and each is considered a legend of the sport; the Soviet Union gymnast Boris Shakhlin. the Yugoslav Miroslav Cerar and the Hungarian master, Zoltán Magyar.","title":"Olympic pommel horse medalists"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Miroslav Cerar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav_Cerar"},{"link_name":"Zoltan Magyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoltan_Magyar"},{"link_name":"Max Whitlock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Whitlock"},{"link_name":"Xiao Qin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiao_Qin"},{"link_name":"Kristian Berki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_Berki"}],"text":"Pommel horse has been contested at World Championships from their inauguration. The record for most World victories is held by several workers at 3. Three of the four double Olympic champions, Miroslav Cerar, Zoltan Magyar and Max Whitlock have each won the World title three times, to set the record for combined global titles at 5. The most decorated workers at World Championships are Whitlock, Xiao Qin and Kristian Berki, both with three gold and two silver medals.With five global gold medals, 2 silvers and a bronze, Whitlock is the most successful and most decorated pommel worker in the event's history.Bold numbers in brackets denotes record number of victories.","title":"World pommel horse medalists"}]
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[{"image_text":"A gymnast on the pommel horse","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Pommel_horse_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_080.jpg/300px-2019-06-29_1st_FIG_Artistic_Gymnastics_JWCH_Men%27s_Apparatus_finals_Pommel_horse_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_080.jpg"},{"image_text":"An early pommel horse","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12352%2C_%C3%84ltestes_Turnpferd.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-12352%2C_%C3%84ltestes_Turnpferd.jpg"},{"image_text":"Pommel horse during the 1896 Summer Olympics.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Schuhmann_cavallo_atene_1896.jpg/250px-Schuhmann_cavallo_atene_1896.jpg"},{"image_text":"Alberto Braglia","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Alberto_Braglia.jpg/250px-Alberto_Braglia.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Janssen & Fritsen presents: History of the Pommel Horse\". Retrieved 2010-03-21.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gymmedia.com/Anaheim03/appa/pommel/history_ph.htm","url_text":"\"Janssen & Fritsen presents: History of the Pommel Horse\""}]},{"reference":"\"pommel horse | gymnastics | Britannica\". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-12-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.britannica.com/sports/pommel-horse","url_text":"\"pommel horse | gymnastics | Britannica\""}]},{"reference":"\"Apparatus Norms\" (PDF). FIG. p. II/13. Retrieved 2012-12-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://figdocs.sportcentric.net/external/serve.php?document=3423","url_text":"\"Apparatus Norms\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique","url_text":"FIG"}]},{"reference":"\"Jassen + Fritsen\". Retrieved 2012-12-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.janssen-fritsen.com/Artistic_gymnastics/Pommel_horse/Competition_Pommel_Horse_%27Madrid%27?se=pommel%7Chorse%7Cmadrid","url_text":"\"Jassen + Fritsen\""}]},{"reference":"\"MAG Code of Points 2013–2016\" (PDF). FIG. p. 60. Retrieved 2012-12-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://figdocs.sportcentric.net/external/serve.php?document=3724","url_text":"\"MAG Code of Points 2013–2016\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique","url_text":"FIG"}]},{"reference":"\"MAG Code of Points 2013–2016\" (PDF). FIG. p. 65. Retrieved 2012-12-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://figdocs.sportcentric.net/external/serve.php?document=3724","url_text":"\"MAG Code of Points 2013–2016\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Gymnastique","url_text":"FIG"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pommel_horse&action=edit§ion=","external_links_name":"adding to it"},{"Link":"http://www.gymmedia.com/Anaheim03/appa/pommel/history_ph.htm","external_links_name":"\"Janssen & Fritsen presents: History of the Pommel Horse\""},{"Link":"https://www.britannica.com/sports/pommel-horse","external_links_name":"\"pommel horse | gymnastics | Britannica\""},{"Link":"http://figdocs.sportcentric.net/external/serve.php?document=3423","external_links_name":"\"Apparatus Norms\""},{"Link":"http://www.janssen-fritsen.com/Artistic_gymnastics/Pommel_horse/Competition_Pommel_Horse_%27Madrid%27?se=pommel%7Chorse%7Cmadrid","external_links_name":"\"Jassen + Fritsen\""},{"Link":"http://figdocs.sportcentric.net/external/serve.php?document=3724","external_links_name":"\"MAG Code of Points 2013–2016\""},{"Link":"http://figdocs.sportcentric.net/external/serve.php?document=3724","external_links_name":"\"MAG Code of Points 2013–2016\""},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4336267-9","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534339005171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh88001783","external_links_name":"United States"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolko_III_of_Zi%C4%99bice
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Bolko III of Ziębice
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["1 Life","2 Marriage and issue","3 References"]
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Bolko III of Ziębice" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Bolko IIIDuke of Ziębice/MünsterbergCoat-of-arms of ZiębiceBornc. 1348Died13 June 1410Noble familySilesian PiastsSpouse(s)Euphemia of BytomIssueNicholasJohn I of MünsterbergEuphemia of ZiębiceKatharinaHenry II of ZiębiceAgnesFatherNicholas the SmallMotherAgnes Krušina of Lichtenberg
Bolko III of Ziębice or Bolko III of Münsterberg (c. 1348 – 13 June 1410) was a Duke of Ziębice (Münsterberg) from 1358 until his death, and ruler over Gleiwitz (Gliwice) during 1369–1373.
He was the eldest son of Nicholas the Small, Duke of Münsterberg, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Herman Krušina of Lichtenberg.
Life
A minor at the time of his father's early death in 1358, Bolko III and his younger brother Henry I were placed under the regency of their mother, the Dowager Duchess Agnes. By 1360, Bolko III was able to rule by himself and take the guardianship of his brother, who in fact never participated actively in the government of the Duchy.
Bolko III followed the politics of both his father and grandfather, and sold most parts of his domains. In order to secure his marriage with the daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom, Euphemia, Bolko III was forced to pledge his main city of Münsterberg. However, thanks to this union, Bolko III could take possession over Gleiwitz in 1369; but four years later, in 1373, he sold the district to Konrad II the Gray, Duke of Oels (Oleśnica).
In 1379 Bolko III also sold the town of Kanth (Kąty Wrocławskie) to Konrad II the Gray, by the amount of 4,000 fines. Six years later, in 1385, he sold Strehlen (Strzelin) to Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn.
In 1368, after the death of Bolko II the Small without issue, Bolko III claimed his succession as the next male relative. However, without resources to pressed his claims, he finally renounced to all his pretensions on 28 January 1370 for a monetary compensation.
Bolko III was a faithful vassal of Emperor Charles IV, in whose court he spent some time. His contact with the House of Luxembourg permitted him to hold during 1396–1400 the post of Court Judge, under the reign of Charles IV's son, King Wenceslaus IV.
Bolko III died on 13 June 1410 and was buried in the Cistercian monastery of Heinrichau (Henryków).
Marriage and issue
In 1369 Bolko III married with Euphemia (born c. 1350/52 – died 26 August 1411), daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom and widow of Duke Wenceslaus of Falkenberg. They had eight children:
Nicholas (born c. 1371 – died 9 November 1405)
John (born c. 1380 – killed in battle, Altwilmsdorf (Stary Wielisław), 27 August 1428)
Euphemia (born c. 1385 – died 17 November 1447), married in 1397 to Count Frederick III of Oettingen
Katharina (born c. 1390 – died 23 April 1422), married by 1410 to Duke Przemko I of Troppau (Opawa)
Henry II (born c. 1396 – died 11 March 1420)
Agnes (born c. 1400? – died bef. 25 April 1443)
Hedwig (d. young)
Elisabeth (d. young).
References
Marek, Miroslav. "Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast". Genealogy.EU.
Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
Genealogy of the Dukes of Ziębice
Bolko III of Ziębice House of Piast Born: c. 1348 Died: 13 June 1410
Preceded byNicholas the Small
Duke of Ziębice with Henry I (until c. 1366) 1358–1410
Succeeded byJan and Henry II
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
Germany
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ziębice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zi%C4%99bice"},{"link_name":"Gleiwitz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliwice"},{"link_name":"Nicholas the Small","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_the_Small"}],"text":"Bolko III of Ziębice or Bolko III of Münsterberg (c. 1348 – 13 June 1410) was a Duke of Ziębice (Münsterberg) from 1358 until his death, and ruler over Gleiwitz (Gliwice) during 1369–1373.He was the eldest son of Nicholas the Small, Duke of Münsterberg, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Herman Krušina of Lichtenberg.","title":"Bolko III of Ziębice"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Henry I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_Zi%C4%99bice"},{"link_name":"Bolesław of Bytom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_of_Bytom"},{"link_name":"Konrad II the Gray","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_II_the_Gray"},{"link_name":"Oels","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole%C5%9Bnica"},{"link_name":"Kanth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%85ty_Wroc%C5%82awskie"},{"link_name":"Strehlen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strzelin"},{"link_name":"Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przemyslaus_I_Noszak,_Duke_of_Cieszyn"},{"link_name":"Emperor Charles IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},{"link_name":"King Wenceslaus IV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus,_King_of_the_Romans"},{"link_name":"Cistercian monastery of Heinrichau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cistercian_Abbey_of_Henryk%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"pl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opactwo_Cysters%C3%B3w_w_Henrykowie"},{"link_name":"Henryków","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk%C3%B3w,_Lower_Silesian_Voivodeship"}],"text":"A minor at the time of his father's early death in 1358, Bolko III and his younger brother Henry I were placed under the regency of their mother, the Dowager Duchess Agnes. By 1360, Bolko III was able to rule by himself and take the guardianship of his brother, who in fact never participated actively in the government of the Duchy.Bolko III followed the politics of both his father and grandfather, and sold most parts of his domains. In order to secure his marriage with the daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom, Euphemia, Bolko III was forced to pledge his main city of Münsterberg. However, thanks to this union, Bolko III could take possession over Gleiwitz in 1369; but four years later, in 1373, he sold the district to Konrad II the Gray, Duke of Oels (Oleśnica).In 1379 Bolko III also sold the town of Kanth (Kąty Wrocławskie) to Konrad II the Gray, by the amount of 4,000 fines. Six years later, in 1385, he sold Strehlen (Strzelin) to Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn.In 1368, after the death of Bolko II the Small without issue, Bolko III claimed his succession as the next male relative. However, without resources to pressed his claims, he finally renounced to all his pretensions on 28 January 1370 for a monetary compensation.Bolko III was a faithful vassal of Emperor Charles IV, in whose court he spent some time. His contact with the House of Luxembourg permitted him to hold during 1396–1400 the post of Court Judge, under the reign of Charles IV's son, King Wenceslaus IV.Bolko III died on 13 June 1410 and was buried in the Cistercian monastery of Heinrichau [pl] (Henryków).","title":"Life"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bolesław of Bytom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_of_Bytom"},{"link_name":"Wenceslaus of Falkenberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus_of_Niemodlin"},{"link_name":"John","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_M%C3%BCnsterberg"},{"link_name":"Euphemia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemia_of_Zi%C4%99bice"},{"link_name":"Frederick III","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_III_of_Oettingen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Oettingen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oettingen"},{"link_name":"Przemko I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99emek_I,_Duke_of_Opava"},{"link_name":"Troppau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opawa"},{"link_name":"Henry II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_Zi%C4%99bice"}],"text":"In 1369 Bolko III married with Euphemia (born c. 1350/52 – died 26 August 1411), daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom and widow of Duke Wenceslaus of Falkenberg. They had eight children:Nicholas (born c. 1371 – died 9 November 1405)\nJohn (born c. 1380 – killed in battle, Altwilmsdorf (Stary Wielisław), 27 August 1428)\nEuphemia (born c. 1385 – died 17 November 1447), married in 1397 to Count Frederick III of Oettingen\nKatharina (born c. 1390 – died 23 April 1422), married by 1410 to Duke Przemko I of Troppau (Opawa)\nHenry II (born c. 1396 – died 11 March 1420)\nAgnes (born c. 1400? – died bef. 25 April 1443)\nHedwig (d. young)\nElisabeth (d. young).","title":"Marriage and issue"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Marek, Miroslav. \"Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast\". Genealogy.EU.","urls":[{"url":"http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast4.html#EBe","url_text":"\"Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMarcus_Coker
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LaMarcus Coker
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["1 High school","2 College","3 Professional career","4 References","5 External links"]
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American gridiron football player (born 1986)
LaMarcus CokerNo. 1Date of birth (1986-06-26) June 26, 1986 (age 37)Place of birthAntioch, Tennessee, United StatesCareer informationCFL statusInternationalPosition(s)RBHeight6 ft 0 in (183 cm)Weight198 lb (90 kg)US collegeHamptonTennesseeHigh schoolAntioch High School (TN)Career historyAs player2011–2012Calgary Stampeders
Career statsPlaying stats at CFL.ca
LaMarcus Darnell Coker (born June 26, 1986) is a former football running back who played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League.
High school
Coker played high school football at Antioch High School. Coker was named the 5A Back of the year following his senior season. Coker concentrated on sprints for the track team, winning the state title in the 200 meter dash as a sophomore and the 100 meter dash as a junior.
College
LaMarcus Coker enjoyed a successful college football career as a running back at the University of Tennessee and later, at Hampton University. Coker was named a starting running back at Tennessee during the 2006 season. Coker scored a touchdown on his first college reception, a trick play pass from Lucas Taylor. In addition to being a multi-purpose threat out of the backfield, Coker excelled as a kick returner and special teams gunner.
Following the 2006 season, Coker was named to The Sporting News Freshman All SEC team and first team Freshman All American. He ended the season with 696 yards on 108 carries and scored 6 total touchdowns, while leading the Vols in rushing.
Coker was a starter over Arian Foster in the 2007 season before The University of Tennessee dismissed Coker for violating their drug policy.
From 2008–2009, Coker was the featured back in Hampton University's spread offense. In 2009, Coker lead the MEAC in rushing yards with 1,027 yards at season's end, and finished second in all- purpose yards with 1,537 yards. Coker was named first team All-MEAC, and was selected to play in the 8th annual East Coast Bowl and the HBCU Senior Bowl.
In the East Coast Bowl, Coker rushed twelve times for 204 yards and three touchdowns and was named the most valuable player of the game.
Professional career
After playing for the Nashville Storm, a local adult amateur team, Coker was signed to the practice roster of the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League in May 2011. On June 22, 2013, Coker was released by the Calgary Stampeders.
References
^ "LaMarcus Coker, 2005 All Purpose Back, Tennessee". Rivals.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ Lewis, Rob (July 28, 2004). "VolReport - Lamarcus Coker still getting plenty of attention". Rivals.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "LaMarcus Coker – Football". University of Tennessee Athletics. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "Tennessee's LaMarcus Coker has shot at NFL". AL.com. Associated Press. January 2, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "NSU, Hampton Renew Battle of the Bay Rivalry this Saturday". Norfolk State University Athletics. October 16, 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "Coker earns first start". 247Sports. September 25, 2006. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ Hollingsworth, Joel (July 26, 2007). "Tennessee Volunteers: Best plays of 2006 tournament, Taylor to Coker or still more Hefney". Rocky Top Talk. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "Lamarcus Coker 2006 Game Log". College Football at Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "2006 Tennessee Volunteers Stats". College Football at Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "Tennessee dismisses relief tailback LaMarcus Coker". AccessWDUN. November 2, 2007. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "FOUR PIRATES NAMED FIRST TEAM ALL-MEAC". Hampton University Athletics. November 25, 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ Butterfield, Cornelius (January 18, 2010). "Is Bigger Better In The NFL 2010 Draft?". Bleacher Report. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "Stamps sign three running backs". Calgary Stampeders. May 26, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
^ "Final Cuts: Recapping Saturday's roster moves". CFL.ca. June 22, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
External links
Tennessee Volunteers bio
Hampton Pirates bio
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"football","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football"},{"link_name":"running back","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_back"},{"link_name":"Calgary Stampeders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders"},{"link_name":"Canadian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League"}],"text":"LaMarcus Darnell Coker (born June 26, 1986) is a former football running back who played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League.","title":"LaMarcus Coker"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Coker played high school football at Antioch High School.[1][2] Coker was named the 5A Back of the year following his senior season. Coker concentrated on sprints for the track team, winning the state title in the 200 meter dash as a sophomore and the 100 meter dash as a junior.","title":"High school"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"2006 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Tennessee_Volunteers_football_team"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"The Sporting News","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sporting_News"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//utsports.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/120406aam.html"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Arian Foster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian_Foster"},{"link_name":"2007 season","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Tennessee_Volunteers_football_team"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"LaMarcus Coker enjoyed a successful college football career as a running back at the University of Tennessee and later, at Hampton University.[3][4][5] Coker was named a starting running back at Tennessee during the 2006 season.[6] Coker scored a touchdown on his first college reception, a trick play pass from Lucas Taylor.[7] In addition to being a multi-purpose threat out of the backfield, Coker excelled as a kick returner and special teams gunner.Following the 2006 season, Coker was named to The Sporting News Freshman All SEC team and first team Freshman All American.[1] He ended the season with 696 yards on 108 carries and scored 6 total touchdowns, while leading the Vols in rushing.[8][9]Coker was a starter over Arian Foster in the 2007 season before The University of Tennessee dismissed Coker for violating their drug policy.[10]From 2008–2009, Coker was the featured back in Hampton University's spread offense. In 2009, Coker lead the MEAC in rushing yards with 1,027 yards at season's end, and finished second in all- purpose yards with 1,537 yards.[11] Coker was named first team All-MEAC, and was selected to play in the 8th annual East Coast Bowl and the HBCU Senior Bowl.In the East Coast Bowl, Coker rushed twelve times for 204 yards and three touchdowns and was named the most valuable player of the game.[12]","title":"College"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Calgary Stampeders","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders"},{"link_name":"Canadian Football League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Football_League"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"After playing for the Nashville Storm, a local adult amateur team, Coker was signed to the practice roster of the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League in May 2011.[13] On June 22, 2013, Coker was released by the Calgary Stampeders.[14]","title":"Professional career"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"LaMarcus Coker, 2005 All Purpose Back, Tennessee\". Rivals.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://rivals.com/content/athletes/lamarcus-coker-48441?view=pv","url_text":"\"LaMarcus Coker, 2005 All Purpose Back, Tennessee\""}]},{"reference":"Lewis, Rob (July 28, 2004). \"VolReport - Lamarcus Coker still getting plenty of attention\". Rivals.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://tennessee.rivals.com/news/lamarcus-coker-still-getting-plenty-of-attention","url_text":"\"VolReport - Lamarcus Coker still getting plenty of attention\""}]},{"reference":"\"LaMarcus Coker – Football\". University of Tennessee Athletics. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://utsports.com/sports/football/roster/lamarcus-coker/14769","url_text":"\"LaMarcus Coker – Football\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tennessee's LaMarcus Coker has shot at NFL\". AL.com. Associated Press. January 2, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.al.com/press-register-sports/2010/01/tennessees_lamarcus_coker_has.html","url_text":"\"Tennessee's LaMarcus Coker has shot at NFL\""}]},{"reference":"\"NSU, Hampton Renew Battle of the Bay Rivalry this Saturday\". Norfolk State University Athletics. October 16, 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://nsuspartans.com/news/2009/10/16/FB_1016091745.aspx","url_text":"\"NSU, Hampton Renew Battle of the Bay Rivalry this Saturday\""}]},{"reference":"\"Coker earns first start\". 247Sports. September 25, 2006. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://247sports.com/college/tennessee/Article/coker-earns-first-start-104357619/","url_text":"\"Coker earns first start\""}]},{"reference":"Hollingsworth, Joel (July 26, 2007). \"Tennessee Volunteers: Best plays of 2006 tournament, Taylor to Coker or still more Hefney\". Rocky Top Talk. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rockytoptalk.com/2007/7/25/232840/438","url_text":"\"Tennessee Volunteers: Best plays of 2006 tournament, Taylor to Coker or still more Hefney\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lamarcus Coker 2006 Game Log\". College Football at Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/lamarcus-coker-1/gamelog/2006","url_text":"\"Lamarcus Coker 2006 Game Log\""}]},{"reference":"\"2006 Tennessee Volunteers Stats\". College Football at Sports-Reference.com. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/2006.html","url_text":"\"2006 Tennessee Volunteers Stats\""}]},{"reference":"\"Tennessee dismisses relief tailback LaMarcus Coker\". AccessWDUN. November 2, 2007. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"http://accesswdun.com/article/2007/11/203592","url_text":"\"Tennessee dismisses relief tailback LaMarcus Coker\""}]},{"reference":"\"FOUR PIRATES NAMED FIRST TEAM ALL-MEAC\". Hampton University Athletics. November 25, 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://hamptonpirates.com/news/2009/11/25/FB_1125091641","url_text":"\"FOUR PIRATES NAMED FIRST TEAM ALL-MEAC\""}]},{"reference":"Butterfield, Cornelius (January 18, 2010). \"Is Bigger Better In The NFL 2010 Draft?\". Bleacher Report. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://bleacherreport.com/articles/328632-is-bigger-better-in-the-nfl-2010-draft","url_text":"\"Is Bigger Better In The NFL 2010 Draft?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Stamps sign three running backs\". Calgary Stampeders. May 26, 2011. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.stampeders.com/2011/05/26/stamps-sign-three-running-backs/","url_text":"\"Stamps sign three running backs\""}]},{"reference":"\"Final Cuts: Recapping Saturday's roster moves\". CFL.ca. June 22, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cfl.ca/2013/06/22/cfl-final-cuts-2013/","url_text":"\"Final Cuts: Recapping Saturday's roster moves\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.cfl.ca/index.php/roster/show/id/4409","external_links_name":"CFL.ca"},{"Link":"http://utsports.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/120406aam.html","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"https://rivals.com/content/athletes/lamarcus-coker-48441?view=pv","external_links_name":"\"LaMarcus Coker, 2005 All Purpose Back, Tennessee\""},{"Link":"https://tennessee.rivals.com/news/lamarcus-coker-still-getting-plenty-of-attention","external_links_name":"\"VolReport - Lamarcus Coker still getting plenty of attention\""},{"Link":"https://utsports.com/sports/football/roster/lamarcus-coker/14769","external_links_name":"\"LaMarcus Coker – Football\""},{"Link":"https://www.al.com/press-register-sports/2010/01/tennessees_lamarcus_coker_has.html","external_links_name":"\"Tennessee's LaMarcus Coker has shot at NFL\""},{"Link":"https://nsuspartans.com/news/2009/10/16/FB_1016091745.aspx","external_links_name":"\"NSU, Hampton Renew Battle of the Bay Rivalry this Saturday\""},{"Link":"https://247sports.com/college/tennessee/Article/coker-earns-first-start-104357619/","external_links_name":"\"Coker earns first start\""},{"Link":"https://www.rockytoptalk.com/2007/7/25/232840/438","external_links_name":"\"Tennessee Volunteers: Best plays of 2006 tournament, Taylor to Coker or still more Hefney\""},{"Link":"https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/lamarcus-coker-1/gamelog/2006","external_links_name":"\"Lamarcus Coker 2006 Game Log\""},{"Link":"https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/tennessee/2006.html","external_links_name":"\"2006 Tennessee Volunteers Stats\""},{"Link":"http://accesswdun.com/article/2007/11/203592","external_links_name":"\"Tennessee dismisses relief tailback LaMarcus Coker\""},{"Link":"https://hamptonpirates.com/news/2009/11/25/FB_1125091641","external_links_name":"\"FOUR PIRATES NAMED FIRST TEAM ALL-MEAC\""},{"Link":"https://bleacherreport.com/articles/328632-is-bigger-better-in-the-nfl-2010-draft","external_links_name":"\"Is Bigger Better In The NFL 2010 Draft?\""},{"Link":"https://www.stampeders.com/2011/05/26/stamps-sign-three-running-backs/","external_links_name":"\"Stamps sign three running backs\""},{"Link":"https://www.cfl.ca/2013/06/22/cfl-final-cuts-2013/","external_links_name":"\"Final Cuts: Recapping Saturday's roster moves\""},{"Link":"https://utsports.com/sports/football/roster/lamarcus-coker/14769","external_links_name":"Tennessee Volunteers bio"},{"Link":"https://hamptonpirates.com/sports/football/roster/lamarcus-coker/644","external_links_name":"Hampton Pirates bio"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ee_ja_nai_ka
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Ee ja nai ka
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["1 In popular culture","2 References","3 Further reading","4 External links"]
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Carnivalesque celebrations, communal activities, and protests in Japan in 1867–68
"Ei ja nai ka" redirects here. For other uses, see Eejanaika (disambiguation).
"Ee ja nai ka" dancing scene, 1868
Ee ja nai ka (いいじゃないか, lit. 'isn't it good') was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests, which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration. Particularly intense during the Boshin War and Bakumatsu, the movement originated in the Kansai region, near Kyoto.
In West Japan, ee ja nai ka appeared at first in the form of dancing festivals, often related to public works, rain magic, or dances for the dead. When sacred amulets were said to have fallen from heaven, thanksgiving celebrations for these amulets were added that could last for several days and effectively took whole rural and urban communities away from everyday life. Gifts were exchanged, youth groups organized mass dances which included cross-dressing, elaborate costumes, or not wearing clothes at all. To express their gratitude towards the kami or buddhas who had given them the amulets, many people went on pilgrimages to local or regional sanctuaries. The term ee ja nai ka was a refrain in popular songs performed during these activities and was therefore later chosen as their title. The phrase's meaning is also both defiant and fatalistic, and it translates as "Who cares?", "Why not?" or "What the hell?", along the lines of "Who cares if we take our clothes off?", "Who cares if we have sex?".
The great diversity and rivalry of religious practice in pre-modern Japan helped shape the range of events. It has been suggested that religious activists, such as priests and itinerant preachers, played a major role in fabricating the "amulet showers", and some suspects were even caught in the act by alert officers. Youth interested in celebrating parties, or in becoming spiritual leaders, were also suspected and in some cases convicted.
Ee ja nai ka was not linked to any specific political platform, though it is often understood "as a form of political protest when other ways blocked", in reaction to the crumbling Tokugawa shogunate. Disappointment regarding the lack of governing political leadership, disgust at Western and Christian foreigners, and other signs of social/political critique were frequently displayed. There is no evidence for any coordinated political setup or staging of ee ja nai ka, although this was also rumoured.
The movement spread across Japan, eventually descending to mob violence before coming to an end. The end of ee ja nai ka was concurrent with the beginning of the Meiji Restoration and the Western-style modernization of Japan.
A British translator, Ernest Mason Satow, recalled that he had seen:Crowds of people in holiday garb, dancing and singing "ii janai ka, ii janai ka" ...... houses decorated with rice cakes in all colours, oranges, little bags, straw and flowers. The dresses worn were chiefly red crape, a few blue and purple. Many of the dancers carried red lanterns on their heads.In 1981, Japanese director Shohei Imamura produced his film Eijanaika, which gives a deliberately historically incorrect interpretation of the events but nevertheless catches the unstable and tense atmosphere of the age. Imamura had previously helped write the 1957 Yuzo Kawashima film on the period Sun in the Last Days of the Shogunate. This era was also depicted in the 1969 Kihachi Okamoto-directed Toshirō Mifune film Red Lion. The ee ja nai ka activities, hitherto unknown as part of Japanese history during the Bakumatsu, have in recent years been included and alluded to in mainstream historical productions, such as the NHK Taiga dramas Ryōmaden and Yae no Sakura.
In popular culture
Like a Dragon: Ishin! - Appears sub story.
Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto - At the beginning of episode 8 of the anime, the story involves an incident of Ee Ja Nai Ka as part of the plot.
References
^ Yasuka (2019-04-25). "The End of the Edo Period and the Ee ja nai ka". KCP International. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
^ George Macklin Wilson, "Ee ja nai ka on the Eve of the Meiji Restoration in Japan". Semiotica 70.3–4 (1988): 301–320.
^ a b Buruma, Ian (10 January 2013). "Obsessions in Tokyo". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
^ Bacon, Philippa. "Ee Janai Ka". JapanVisitor. Archived from the original on 2014-08-20. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
Further reading
Wilson, George M. Patriots and Redeemers in Japan, Motives in the Meiji Restoration (University of Chicago Press, 1992). 201 pp.
External links
Transcripts of the ee ja nai ka chants
Authority control databases: National
Israel
United States
Japan
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Eejanaika (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eejanaika_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EeJaNaiKaScene.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Japan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan"},{"link_name":"Edo period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period"},{"link_name":"Meiji Restoration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Restoration"},{"link_name":"Boshin War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boshin_War"},{"link_name":"Bakumatsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu"},{"link_name":"Kansai region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansai_region"},{"link_name":"Kyoto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"festivals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_festivals"},{"link_name":"heaven","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven"},{"link_name":"dances","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance"},{"link_name":"kami","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kami"},{"link_name":"buddhas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhahood"},{"link_name":"amulets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulet"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-New_York_Review_of_Books-3"},{"link_name":"priests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priest"},{"link_name":"preachers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preacher"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-New_York_Review_of_Books-3"},{"link_name":"Tokugawa shogunate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate"},{"link_name":"Christian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity"},{"link_name":"Ernest Mason Satow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Mason_Satow"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Shohei Imamura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shohei_Imamura"},{"link_name":"Eijanaika","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eijanaika_(film)"},{"link_name":"Yuzo Kawashima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzo_Kawashima"},{"link_name":"Sun in the Last Days of the Shogunate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_in_the_Last_Days_of_the_Shogunate"},{"link_name":"Kihachi Okamoto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kihachi_Okamoto"},{"link_name":"Toshirō Mifune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshir%C5%8D_Mifune"},{"link_name":"Red Lion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Lion_(film)"},{"link_name":"Bakumatsu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu"},{"link_name":"Taiga dramas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga_drama"},{"link_name":"Ryōmaden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dmaden"},{"link_name":"Yae no Sakura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yae_no_Sakura"}],"text":"\"Ei ja nai ka\" redirects here. For other uses, see Eejanaika (disambiguation).\"Ee ja nai ka\" dancing scene, 1868Ee ja nai ka (いいじゃないか, lit. 'isn't it good') was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests,[1] which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration. Particularly intense during the Boshin War and Bakumatsu, the movement originated in the Kansai region, near Kyoto.[2]In West Japan, ee ja nai ka appeared at first in the form of dancing festivals, often related to public works, rain magic, or dances for the dead. When sacred amulets were said to have fallen from heaven, thanksgiving celebrations for these amulets were added that could last for several days and effectively took whole rural and urban communities away from everyday life. Gifts were exchanged, youth groups organized mass dances which included cross-dressing, elaborate costumes, or not wearing clothes at all. To express their gratitude towards the kami or buddhas who had given them the amulets, many people went on pilgrimages to local or regional sanctuaries. The term ee ja nai ka was a refrain in popular songs performed during these activities and was therefore later chosen as their title. The phrase's meaning is also both defiant and fatalistic, and it translates as \"Who cares?\", \"Why not?\" or \"What the hell?\", along the lines of \"Who cares if we take our clothes off?\", \"Who cares if we have sex?\".[3]The great diversity and rivalry of religious practice in pre-modern Japan helped shape the range of events. It has been suggested that religious activists, such as priests and itinerant preachers, played a major role in fabricating the \"amulet showers\", and some suspects were even caught in the act by alert officers. Youth interested in celebrating parties, or in becoming spiritual leaders, were also suspected and in some cases convicted.Ee ja nai ka was not linked to any specific political platform, though it is often understood \"as a form of political protest when other ways [were] blocked\",[3] in reaction to the crumbling Tokugawa shogunate. Disappointment regarding the lack of governing political leadership, disgust at Western and Christian foreigners, and other signs of social/political critique were frequently displayed. There is no evidence for any coordinated political setup or staging of ee ja nai ka, although this was also rumoured.The movement spread across Japan, eventually descending to mob violence before coming to an end. The end of ee ja nai ka was concurrent with the beginning of the Meiji Restoration and the Western-style modernization of Japan.A British translator, Ernest Mason Satow, recalled that he had seen:Crowds of people in holiday garb, dancing and singing \"ii janai ka, ii janai ka\" ...... houses decorated with rice cakes in all colours, oranges, little bags, straw and flowers. The dresses worn were chiefly red crape, a few blue and purple. Many of the dancers carried red lanterns on their heads.[4]In 1981, Japanese director Shohei Imamura produced his film Eijanaika, which gives a deliberately historically incorrect interpretation of the events but nevertheless catches the unstable and tense atmosphere of the age. Imamura had previously helped write the 1957 Yuzo Kawashima film on the period Sun in the Last Days of the Shogunate. This era was also depicted in the 1969 Kihachi Okamoto-directed Toshirō Mifune film Red Lion. The ee ja nai ka activities, hitherto unknown as part of Japanese history during the Bakumatsu, have in recent years been included and alluded to in mainstream historical productions, such as the NHK Taiga dramas Ryōmaden and Yae no Sakura.","title":"Ee ja nai ka"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Like a Dragon: Ishin!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like_a_Dragon:_Ishin!"},{"link_name":"Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu_Kikansetsu_Irohanihoheto"}],"text":"Like a Dragon: Ishin! - Appears sub story.Bakumatsu Kikansetsu Irohanihoheto - At the beginning of episode 8 of the anime, the story involves an incident of Ee Ja Nai Ka as part of the plot.","title":"In popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Wilson, George M. Patriots and Redeemers in Japan, Motives in the Meiji Restoration (University of Chicago Press, 1992). 201 pp.","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"\"Ee ja nai ka\" dancing scene, 1868","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/EeJaNaiKaScene.jpg/300px-EeJaNaiKaScene.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"Yasuka (2019-04-25). \"The End of the Edo Period and the Ee ja nai ka\". KCP International. Retrieved 2022-01-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.kcpinternational.com/2019/04/end-edo-period-ee-ja-nai-ka/","url_text":"\"The End of the Edo Period and the Ee ja nai ka\""}]},{"reference":"Buruma, Ian (10 January 2013). \"Obsessions in Tokyo\". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 29 March 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/01/10/obsessions-tokyo/","url_text":"\"Obsessions in Tokyo\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books","url_text":"The New York Review of Books"}]},{"reference":"Bacon, Philippa. \"Ee Janai Ka\". JapanVisitor. Archived from the original on 2014-08-20. Retrieved January 21, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.japanvisitor.com/japanese-culture/history/janai-ka","url_text":"\"Ee Janai Ka\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140820003554/http://www.japanvisitor.com/japanese-culture/history/janai-ka","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.kcpinternational.com/2019/04/end-edo-period-ee-ja-nai-ka/","external_links_name":"\"The End of the Edo Period and the Ee ja nai ka\""},{"Link":"https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2013/01/10/obsessions-tokyo/","external_links_name":"\"Obsessions in Tokyo\""},{"Link":"https://www.japanvisitor.com/japanese-culture/history/janai-ka","external_links_name":"\"Ee Janai Ka\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140820003554/http://www.japanvisitor.com/japanese-culture/history/janai-ka","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://willamette.edu/~rloftus/eejatransl.html","external_links_name":"Transcripts of the ee ja nai ka chants"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533508005171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85041176","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01190035","external_links_name":"Japan"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BBnseradiel
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Wûnseradiel
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["1 Towns and villages","1.1 Hamlets","2 Famous inhabitants","3 References","4 External links"]
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Coordinates: 53°6′N 5°28′E / 53.100°N 5.467°E / 53.100; 5.467Former municipality in Fryslân, NetherlandsWonseradeel
WûnseradielFormer municipality
FlagCoat of armsCoordinates: 53°6′N 5°28′E / 53.100°N 5.467°E / 53.100; 5.467CountryNetherlandsProvinceFryslânMunicipalitySúdwest-FryslânArea(2006) • Total317.68 km2 (122.66 sq mi) • Land158.50 km2 (61.20 sq mi) • Water159.18 km2 (61.46 sq mi)Population (1 January 2007) • Total11,886 • Density75/km2 (190/sq mi) Source: CBS, Statline.Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Wûnseradiel (pronunciationⓘ) is a former municipality in the Friesland province of the northern Netherlands, at the eastern end of the Afsluitdijk. The official (legal) name of the municipality is in the West Frisian language, though it is known as Wonseradeel (pronunciationⓘ) in Dutch. In 2011 it was merged with the municipalities of Bolsward, Nijefurd, Sneek and Wymbritseradiel forming the new municipality Súdwest-Fryslân.
Towns and villages
Allingawier, Arum, Burgwerd, Cornwerd, Dedgum, Exmorra, Ferwoude, Gaast, Hartwerd, Hichtum, Hieslum, Idsegahuizum, Kimswerd, Kornwerderzand, Lollum, Longerhouw, Makkum, Parrega, Piaam, Pingjum, Schettens, Schraard, Tjerkwerd, Witmarsum, Wons, Zurich.
Hamlets
Arkum, Atzeburen, Baarderburen, Baburen, Breezanddijk, De Blokken, Dijksterburen, Doniaburen, Eemswoude, Engwier, Exmorrazijl, Gooium, Grauwe Kat, Harkezijl, Hayum, Hemert, Idserdaburen, It Fliet, Jonkershuizen, Jousterp, Kampen, Kooihuizen, Koudehuizum, Rijtseterp, Scharneburen, Strand, Vierhuizen, Wonneburen
Famous inhabitants
Pier Gerlofs Donia, better known as 'Grutte Pier', was an infamous freedom fighter from Kimswerd born sometime near the year 1480, who led a guerrilla war against the occupying forces after his village was plundered in 1515. He led the Frisian rebel army, the Arumer Zwarte Hoop from 1515 until 1519.
Wijard Jelckama was a Frisian military commander and freedom fighter. He co-founded the Arumer Zwarte Hoop and led it from 1519 until his death by decapitation in 1523.
Menno Simons was born in Witmarsum in 1492 or 1496. He was a leader of the Dutch Anabaptists or Mennonites.
B.D. Dykstra was born in Pingjum in 1872. He emigrated to Iowa and became a leader in the Reformed Church in America.
References
^ http://www.fusiesudwestfryslan.nl/ (dutch website from the municipality, stating: "Bolsward, Nijefurd, Sneek, Wûnseradiel and Wymbritseradiel are merged since 1 January 2011".)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wûnseradiel.
Official website
vtePopulated places in the municipality of Súdwest-FryslânTowns
Bolsward
Hindeloopen
IJlst
Sneek
Stavoren
Workum
Villages
Abbegea
Allingawier
Arum
Blauwhuis
Boazum
Breezanddijk
Britswert
Burgwerd
Cornwerd
Dearsum
Dedgum
Easterein
Easterwierrum
Exmorra
Ferwoude
Folsgare
Gaast
Gaastmeer
Gauw
Goënga
Greonterp
Hartwerd
Heeg
Hemelum
Hichtum
Hidaard
Hieslum
Hinnaard
Hommerts
Idsegahuizum
Idzega
Iens
Indijk
It Heidenskip
Itens
Jutrijp
Kimswerd
Kornwerderzand
Koudum
Koufurderrige
Kûbaard
Lollum
Longerhouw
Lytsewierrum
Makkum
Molkwerum
Nijhuizum
Nijland
Oosthem
Oppenhuizen
Oudega
Parrega
Piaam
Pingjum
Poppenwier
Reahûs
Raerd
Rien
Sandfirden
Scharl
Scharnegoutum
Schettens
Schraard
Sibrandabuorren
Smallebrugge
Tersoal
Tirns
Tjalhuizum
Tjerkwerd
Uitwellingerga
Waaksens
Warns
Westhem
Witmarsum
Wiuwert
Wolsum
Wommels
Wons
Woudsend
Ypecolsga
Ysbrechtum
Zurich
Hamlets
Abbegaasterketting
Laaxum
Loënga
Offingawier
List of cities, towns and villages in Friesland
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
This Friesland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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The official (legal) name of the municipality is in the West Frisian language, though it is known as Wonseradeel (pronunciationⓘ) in Dutch. 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Súdwest-Fryslân.[1]","title":"Wûnseradiel"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Allingawier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allingawier"},{"link_name":"Arum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arum,_Friesland"},{"link_name":"Burgwerd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgwerd"},{"link_name":"Cornwerd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwerd"},{"link_name":"Dedgum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedgum"},{"link_name":"Exmorra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmorra"},{"link_name":"Ferwoude","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferwoude"},{"link_name":"Gaast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaast"},{"link_name":"Hartwerd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartwerd"},{"link_name":"Hichtum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hichtum"},{"link_name":"Hieslum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieslum"},{"link_name":"Idsegahuizum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idsegahuizum"},{"link_name":"Kimswerd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimswerd"},{"link_name":"Kornwerderzand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornwerderzand"},{"link_name":"Lollum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollum"},{"link_name":"Longerhouw","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longerhouw"},{"link_name":"Makkum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkum,_W%C3%BBnseradiel"},{"link_name":"Parrega","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrega"},{"link_name":"Piaam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaam"},{"link_name":"Pingjum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingjum"},{"link_name":"Schettens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schettens"},{"link_name":"Schraard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schraard"},{"link_name":"Tjerkwerd","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjerkwerd"},{"link_name":"Witmarsum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witmarsum_(Friesland)"},{"link_name":"Wons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wons"},{"link_name":"Zurich","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich_(Friesland)"}],"text":"Allingawier, Arum, Burgwerd, Cornwerd, Dedgum, Exmorra, Ferwoude, Gaast, Hartwerd, Hichtum, Hieslum, Idsegahuizum, Kimswerd, Kornwerderzand, Lollum, Longerhouw, Makkum, Parrega, Piaam, Pingjum, Schettens, Schraard, Tjerkwerd, Witmarsum, Wons, Zurich.","title":"Towns and villages"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arkum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arkum_(S%C3%BAdwest-Frysl%C3%A2n)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Atzeburen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atzeburen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Baarderburen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baarderburen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Baburen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baburen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Breezanddijk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breezanddijk"},{"link_name":"De 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Kat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grauwe_Kat&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Harkezijl","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harkezijl&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hayum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hayum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hemert","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemert&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Idserdaburen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Idserdaburen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"It Fliet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=It_Fliet&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jonkershuizen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jonkershuizen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jousterp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jousterp&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kampen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampen_(Friesland)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kooihuizen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kooihuizen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Koudehuizum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koudehuizum&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Rijtseterp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rijtseterp&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Scharneburen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scharneburen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Strand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strand_(Friesland)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Vierhuizen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vierhuizen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wonneburen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wonneburen&action=edit&redlink=1"}],"sub_title":"Hamlets","text":"Arkum, 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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Halstow
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High Halstow
|
["1 History","2 Northward Hill RSPB Reserve","3 Buck Hole Farmhouse","4 Notable people","5 See also","6 References","7 External links"]
|
Coordinates: 51°27′00″N 0°34′30″E / 51.45°N 0.575°E / 51.45; 0.575
Human settlement in EnglandHigh HalstowThe 10th-century St Margaret's Church, High Halstow, looking eastHigh HalstowLocation within KentPopulation1,807 (2011)OS grid referenceTQ780754Civil parishHigh HalstowUnitary authorityMedwayCeremonial countyKentRegionSouth EastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townROCHESTERPostcode districtME3Dialling code01634PoliceKentFireKentAmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK ParliamentRochester and Strood
List of places
UK
England
Kent
51°27′00″N 0°34′30″E / 51.45°N 0.575°E / 51.45; 0.575
High Halstow is a village and civil parish on the Hoo Peninsula in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It was, until 1998, administratively part of Kent and is still ceremonially associated via the Lieutenancies Act. The parish had a population of 1,781 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 1,807 at the 2011 census.
Originally known as Hagelstowe (in Textus Roffensis), Hagelsto or Agelstow, it was named from an Old English word denoting a high, holy place. The area has been occupied by Romans, Saxons and Normans.
The village lies on the junction of the ancient roads from Hoo and Cliffe to the Isle of Grain, now a crossroads to the north of the A228 road. One of the highest points on the Hoo peninsula, at 30 to 50 metres above sea level, the modern village consolidates into a single community the four hamlets of Clinch Street, Fenn Street, Sharnal Street and High Halstow Street.
History
The 10th-century Grade I listed church of St Margaret at High Halstow was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and was built on the highest point of the Hoo Peninsula, overlooking the rivers of the Thames and Medway.
In the 18th century poverty and malnutrition were widespread across the peninsula, with High Halstow no exception; adult life expectancy was then about 30 years, lessened by ague, or marsh fever, the names for malaria, which proliferated in the North Kent Marshes and waterlogged farmland, a stronghold of the mosquito. The cause of malaria was discovered in 1890, and within five years the number of people falling ill with the disease decreased sharply as farmland and marshes were drained. This task was performed in no small way by Henry Pye, after he moved to the area.
The village remained small until after the Second World War, comprising the church, a school, two shops, a pub, a wheelwright's shop, and an undertaker's, with the village being served by a single policeman. Eventually some of the older houses were demolished and replaced. Churchill Place was developed and in the area behind the church, formerly known as the Square, several modern bungalows replaced five thatched cottages. From 1952 more homes were built in the village to house Isle of Grain oil refinery employees.
Historically, the main economic activity around High Halstow has been farming, but some of the village's residents gained employment outside the village, at the Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Chattenden and Lodge Hill Military Camps and at the Medway Oil and Storage Co at Grain. Chatham Dockyard and the Short Brothers seaplane works at Rochester were also traditional employers for the whole area until they shut many years ago.
In 1956 a new school opened, the old school building being demolished along with Hill Farm to make way for additional housing. Building development has continued intermittently, including the new estates of Northwood Park and Heron Fields, development of which began in 1998.
The Red Dog, High Halstow
The village still has its church, a shop and pub (the Red Dog) but has changed beyond recognition in living memory.
The village's cricket club has played in the area for almost 120 years. Ever expanding, the club now has Three Saturday sides, one Sunday side and three colts sides. They play their home matches at Rayner's Meadow, which is situated in Christmas Lane, and at the Hundred of Hoo school, Hoo.
North Kent Marsh
Northward Hill RSPB Reserve
Northward Hill RSPB Reserve lies to the north of the village, between High Halstow and Cooling. It comprises 270 hectares (670 acres) of grazing marsh, woodland and farmland. The woodland forms High Halstow Nature Reserve (a local SSSI).
Here is the largest heronry in Britain, where some 150–200 pairs nest. A heronry has been in the woods from at least 1947, when it was mentioned in The Hundred of Hoo by Ralph Arnold. Many other birds, such as little egrets, avocets and marsh harriers, can also be seen in the reserve. This site was scheduled for demolition under government proposals for an international London airport in connection with the Thames Gateway.
Northward Hill, was known once locally as "the Norrards". Beyond it on the marsh is a disused experimental radar station, now part of the reserve.
Buck Hole Farmhouse
Buck Hole Farmhouse stands next to Northward Hill Reserve; it and another Grade II listed farmhouse Great Dalham date from the early 18th century.
Notable people
Geoffrey Longfield (1909-1943), first-class cricketer and Royal Air Force officer
See also
Lower Halstow
References
^ a b "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
^ "Medway Council – Local history: Medway in the 20th century 1901 – 2000". 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ "Lieutenancies Act 1997". legislation.gov.uk. 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ Hasted, Edward (1798). "Parishes". The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent. 4. Institute of Historical Research: 16–19. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
^ "Church of St Margaret, High Halstow". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
^ "Northward Hill (High Halstow NNR)" (PDF). naturalengland.org.uk. 1981. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
^ "Northward Hill RSPB". www.wildlifeextra.com. Wild Travel Magazine. 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
^ Arnold, Ralph (1947). The Hundred of Hoo. ASIN B0007J0HUC.
^ "Buck Hole Farmhouse, High Halstow". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
^ "Great Dalham, High Halstow". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to High Halstow.
High Halstow Parish Council
Northwood Hill RSPB Reserve
vteTowns and villages in the Unitary authority of Medway in Kent, England
Allhallows
Borstal
Brompton
Chatham
Chattenden
Cliffe
Cliffe Woods
Cooling
Cuxton
Frindsbury
Frindsbury Extra
Gillingham
Halling
Hempstead
High Halstow
Hoo St Werburgh
Isle of Grain
Lordswood
Park Wood
Rochester
Rainham
St Mary Hoo
St Mary's Island
Stoke
Strood
Twydall
Upnor
Wainscott
Walderslade
Wigmore
List of places in Kent
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"civil parish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England"},{"link_name":"Hoo Peninsula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoo_Peninsula"},{"link_name":"unitary authority","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_authority"},{"link_name":"Medway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medway"},{"link_name":"South East England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_England"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Kent","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent"},{"link_name":"ceremonially associated","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England"},{"link_name":"Lieutenancies Act","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenancies_Act_1997"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ONS-1"},{"link_name":"Textus Roffensis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textus_Roffensis"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hasted-4"},{"link_name":"Old English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English_language"},{"link_name":"Isle of Grain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Grain"}],"text":"Human settlement in EnglandHigh Halstow is a village and civil parish on the Hoo Peninsula in the unitary authority of Medway in South East England. It was, until 1998,[2] administratively part of Kent and is still ceremonially associated via the Lieutenancies Act.[3] The parish had a population of 1,781 according to the 2001 census, increasing to 1,807 at the 2011 census.[1]Originally known as Hagelstowe (in Textus Roffensis), Hagelsto or Agelstow,[4] it was named from an Old English word denoting a high, holy place. The area has been occupied by Romans, Saxons and Normans.The village lies on the junction of the ancient roads from Hoo and Cliffe to the Isle of Grain, now a crossroads to the north of the A228 road. One of the highest points on the Hoo peninsula, at 30 to 50 metres above sea level, the modern village consolidates into a single community the four hamlets of Clinch Street, Fenn Street, Sharnal Street and High Halstow Street.","title":"High Halstow"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Grade I listed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_I_listed"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Domesday Book","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book"},{"link_name":"Thames","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames"},{"link_name":"Medway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Medway"},{"link_name":"malaria","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria"},{"link_name":"North Kent Marshes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Kent_Marshes"},{"link_name":"mosquito","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito"},{"link_name":"Second World War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War"},{"link_name":"Isle of Grain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Grain"},{"link_name":"Royal Naval Armaments Depot","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Naval_Armaments_Depot"},{"link_name":"Chattenden and Lodge Hill Military Camps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattenden_and_Lodge_Hill_Military_Camps"},{"link_name":"Chatham Dockyard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Dockyard"},{"link_name":"Short Brothers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Brothers"},{"link_name":"Rochester","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester,_Medway"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HighHalstow3091.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:North_Kent_Marsh.jpg"}],"text":"The 10th-century Grade I listed church of St Margaret at High Halstow [5] was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and was built on the highest point of the Hoo Peninsula, overlooking the rivers of the Thames and Medway.In the 18th century poverty and malnutrition were widespread across the peninsula, with High Halstow no exception; adult life expectancy was then about 30 years, lessened by ague, or marsh fever, the names for malaria, which proliferated in the North Kent Marshes and waterlogged farmland, a stronghold of the mosquito. The cause of malaria was discovered in 1890, and within five years the number of people falling ill with the disease decreased sharply as farmland and marshes were drained. This task was performed in no small way by Henry Pye, after he moved to the area.The village remained small until after the Second World War, comprising the church, a school, two shops, a pub, a wheelwright's shop, and an undertaker's, with the village being served by a single policeman. Eventually some of the older houses were demolished and replaced. Churchill Place was developed and in the area behind the church, formerly known as the Square, several modern bungalows replaced five thatched cottages. From 1952 more homes were built in the village to house Isle of Grain oil refinery employees.Historically, the main economic activity around High Halstow has been farming, but some of the village's residents gained employment outside the village, at the Royal Naval Armaments Depot at Chattenden and Lodge Hill Military Camps and at the Medway Oil and Storage Co at Grain. Chatham Dockyard and the Short Brothers seaplane works at Rochester were also traditional employers for the whole area until they shut many years ago.In 1956 a new school opened, the old school building being demolished along with Hill Farm to make way for additional housing. Building development has continued intermittently, including the new estates of Northwood Park and Heron Fields, development of which began in 1998.The Red Dog, High HalstowThe village still has its church, a shop and pub (the Red Dog) but has changed beyond recognition in living memory.The village's cricket club has played in the area for almost 120 years. Ever expanding, the club now has Three Saturday sides, one Sunday side and three colts sides. They play their home matches at Rayner's Meadow, which is situated in Christmas Lane, and at the Hundred of Hoo school, Hoo.North Kent Marsh","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"RSPB","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSPB"},{"link_name":"Cooling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling,_Kent"},{"link_name":"High Halstow Nature Reserve","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Halstow_NNR"},{"link_name":"SSSI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSSI"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Ralph Arnold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Arnold_(publisher)"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"little egrets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_egret"},{"link_name":"avocets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocet"},{"link_name":"marsh harriers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_harrier"},{"link_name":"Thames Gateway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames_Gateway"},{"link_name":"radar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar"}],"text":"Northward Hill RSPB Reserve lies to the north of the village, between High Halstow and Cooling. It comprises 270 hectares (670 acres) of grazing marsh, woodland and farmland. The woodland forms High Halstow Nature Reserve (a local SSSI).[6]\nHere is the largest heronry in Britain,[7] where some 150–200 pairs nest. A heronry has been in the woods from at least 1947, when it was mentioned in The Hundred of Hoo by Ralph Arnold.[8] Many other birds, such as little egrets, avocets and marsh harriers, can also be seen in the reserve. This site was scheduled for demolition under government proposals for an international London airport in connection with the Thames Gateway.Northward Hill, was known once locally as \"the Norrards\". Beyond it on the marsh is a disused experimental radar station, now part of the reserve.","title":"Northward Hill RSPB Reserve"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Grade II listed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_II_listed"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Buck Hole Farmhouse stands next to Northward Hill Reserve; it [9] and another Grade II listed farmhouse Great Dalham date from the early 18th century.[10]","title":"Buck Hole Farmhouse"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Geoffrey Longfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Longfield"}],"text":"Geoffrey Longfield (1909-1943), first-class cricketer and Royal Air Force officer","title":"Notable people"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The Red Dog, High Halstow","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/HighHalstow3091.JPG/220px-HighHalstow3091.JPG"},{"image_text":"North Kent Marsh","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/North_Kent_Marsh.jpg/220px-North_Kent_Marsh.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"Lower Halstow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Halstow"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Civil Parish population 2011\". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 1 October 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124558&c=ME3+8SX&d=16&e=62&g=6396110&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1443692969122&enc=1","url_text":"\"Civil Parish population 2011\""}]},{"reference":"\"Medway Council – Local history: Medway in the 20th century 1901 – 2000\". 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 9 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090309021853/http://www.medway.gov.uk/index/leisure/localhistory/timeline/17909.htm","url_text":"\"Medway Council – Local history: Medway in the 20th century 1901 – 2000\""},{"url":"http://www.medway.gov.uk/index/leisure/localhistory/timeline/17909.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Lieutenancies Act 1997\". legislation.gov.uk. 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1997/23/schedule/1","url_text":"\"Lieutenancies Act 1997\""}]},{"reference":"Hasted, Edward (1798). \"Parishes\". The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent. 4. Institute of Historical Research: 16–19. Retrieved 9 May 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53794","url_text":"\"Parishes\""}]},{"reference":"\"Church of St Margaret, High Halstow\". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-172899-church-of-st-margaret-high-halstow-","url_text":"\"Church of St Margaret, High Halstow\""}]},{"reference":"\"Northward Hill (High Halstow NNR)\" (PDF). naturalengland.org.uk. 1981. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121024163934/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003887.pdf","url_text":"\"Northward Hill (High Halstow NNR)\""},{"url":"http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003887.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Northward Hill RSPB\". www.wildlifeextra.com. Wild Travel Magazine. 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/uk/northward-hill.html#cr","url_text":"\"Northward Hill RSPB\""}]},{"reference":"Arnold, Ralph (1947). The Hundred of Hoo. ASIN B0007J0HUC.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)","url_text":"ASIN"},{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007J0HUC","url_text":"B0007J0HUC"}]},{"reference":"\"Buck Hole Farmhouse, High Halstow\". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-172895-buck-hole-farmhouse-high-halstow-","url_text":"\"Buck Hole Farmhouse, High Halstow\""}]},{"reference":"\"Great Dalham, High Halstow\". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-172900-great-dalham-high-halstow-","url_text":"\"Great Dalham, High Halstow\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=High_Halstow¶ms=51.45_N_0.575_E_region:GB_type:city(1807)","external_links_name":"51°27′00″N 0°34′30″E / 51.45°N 0.575°E / 51.45; 0.575"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=High_Halstow¶ms=51.449572_N_0.560271_E_region:GB_scale:25000&title=High+Halstow","external_links_name":"TQ780754"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=High_Halstow¶ms=51.45_N_0.575_E_region:GB_type:city(1807)","external_links_name":"51°27′00″N 0°34′30″E / 51.45°N 0.575°E / 51.45; 0.575"},{"Link":"http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124558&c=ME3+8SX&d=16&e=62&g=6396110&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1443692969122&enc=1","external_links_name":"\"Civil Parish population 2011\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090309021853/http://www.medway.gov.uk/index/leisure/localhistory/timeline/17909.htm","external_links_name":"\"Medway Council – Local history: Medway in the 20th century 1901 – 2000\""},{"Link":"http://www.medway.gov.uk/index/leisure/localhistory/timeline/17909.htm","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1997/23/schedule/1","external_links_name":"\"Lieutenancies Act 1997\""},{"Link":"http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53794","external_links_name":"\"Parishes\""},{"Link":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-172899-church-of-st-margaret-high-halstow-","external_links_name":"\"Church of St Margaret, High Halstow\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20121024163934/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003887.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Northward Hill (High Halstow NNR)\""},{"Link":"http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003887.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/uk/northward-hill.html#cr","external_links_name":"\"Northward Hill RSPB\""},{"Link":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007J0HUC","external_links_name":"B0007J0HUC"},{"Link":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-172895-buck-hole-farmhouse-high-halstow-","external_links_name":"\"Buck Hole Farmhouse, High Halstow\""},{"Link":"http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-172900-great-dalham-high-halstow-","external_links_name":"\"Great Dalham, High Halstow\""},{"Link":"http://www.highhalstow.org.uk/","external_links_name":"High Halstow Parish Council"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20050625075722/http://www.medway-rspb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/northward_hill.htm","external_links_name":"Northwood Hill RSPB Reserve"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devol_(Albania)
|
Devol (Albania)
|
["1 References"]
|
Ancient town in Albania
For other uses, see Devol.
Devol (Bulgarian: Девол) also Deabolis or Diabolis, (Greek: Δεάβολις) was a medieval fortress and bishopric in western Macedonia, located south of Lake Ohrid in what is today the south-eastern corner of Albania (Devoll District). Its precise location is unknown today, but it is thought to have been located by the river of the same name (today Devoll River), and on the Roman Via Egnatia road. It is first mentioned in historical sources in John Skylitzes' account of the Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars under Emperor Basil II, whose general Eustathios Daphnomeles is said to have subdued some of the last Bulgarian resisting forces concentrated in Deabolis in 1018. The place is also mentioned in a 1019 charter granted by Basil to the Bulgarian church, as a kastron (castle) under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Kastoria.
Plan of the medieval fortress Devol
It is not precisely known when Deabolis became a bishopric. Saint Clement of Ohrid (ca. 840–916), an eminent medieval Bulgarian writer, is supposed to have been its bishop around 900, according to the saint's vita written by Theophylact of Ohrid some 200 years later; however, the first independent contemporary documents confirming its status as a bishopric are of a later date.
Deabolis/Devol was the site of the Treaty of Devol between Bohemond I of Antioch and Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1108. It was reconquered by the Bulgarian Empire in the beginning of the 13th century. Byzantine control was restored in 1259 when Michael Palaeologos besieged the city using helepolis siege engines The fortress continued to play an important role until the 14th century. Its site became forgotten in modern times. It has been tentatively identified with the site of a modern Albanian village called Zvezdë (located at 40°43′N 020°51′E / 40.717°N 20.850°E / 40.717; 20.850), a conjecture already proposed by the 19th century British traveller William Martin Leake in 1835.
The place Deabolis/Devol on the Devoll river should not be confused with a different medieval fortress likewise called Deabolis, or Devolgrad, situated further east in today's Macedonia, near Kavadarci.
References
^ Kazhdan, Alexander, The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Vol. 1, p. 616f., citing Skylitzes, Synopsis of Histories 360.43, 60.
^ Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, ibid.
^ Kyriakidis, Savvas (2011). Warfare in Late Byzantium, 1204-1453. BRILL. p. 171-172. ISBN 9789004206663.
^ Talbert, Richard J. A., and Roger S. Bagnall, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 752.
^ US National Geospacial Intelligence Agency, Search GNS Search Archived June 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ William Martin Leake (1835). Travels in Northern Greece. J. Rodwell. p. 339.
^ Betka, Ursula; Scott, Roger (2006). Byzantine Narrative: Papers in Honour of Roger Scott. Australian Association for Byzantine Studies. p. 525. ISBN 978-1-876503-24-6.
|
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Its precise location is unknown today, but it is thought to have been located by the river of the same name (today Devoll River), and on the Roman Via Egnatia road. It is first mentioned in historical sources in John Skylitzes' account of the Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars under Emperor Basil II, whose general Eustathios Daphnomeles is said to have subdued some of the last Bulgarian resisting forces concentrated in Deabolis in 1018.[1] The place is also mentioned in a 1019 charter granted by Basil to the Bulgarian church, as a kastron (castle) under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Kastoria.Plan of the medieval fortress DevolIt is not precisely known when Deabolis became a bishopric. Saint Clement of Ohrid (ca. 840–916), an eminent medieval Bulgarian writer, is supposed to have been its bishop around 900, according to the saint's vita written by Theophylact of Ohrid some 200 years later; however, the first independent contemporary documents confirming its status as a bishopric are of a later date.[2]Deabolis/Devol was the site of the Treaty of Devol between Bohemond I of Antioch and Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in 1108. It was reconquered by the Bulgarian Empire in the beginning of the 13th century. Byzantine control was restored in 1259 when Michael Palaeologos besieged the city using helepolis siege engines[3] The fortress continued to play an important role until the 14th century. Its site became forgotten in modern times. It has been tentatively identified with the site of a modern Albanian village called Zvezdë[4] (located at 40°43′N 020°51′E / 40.717°N 20.850°E / 40.717; 20.850[5]), a conjecture already proposed by the 19th century British traveller William Martin Leake in 1835.[6]The place Deabolis/Devol on the Devoll river should not be confused with a different medieval fortress likewise called Deabolis, or Devolgrad, situated further east in today's Macedonia, near Kavadarci.[7]","title":"Devol (Albania)"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Plan of the medieval fortress Devol","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Devol_fortress_plan.png/250px-Devol_fortress_plan.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Kyriakidis, Savvas (2011). Warfare in Late Byzantium, 1204-1453. BRILL. p. 171-172. ISBN 9789004206663.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=F5BTJILYKigC&pg=PA171","url_text":"Warfare in Late Byzantium, 1204-1453"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004206663","url_text":"9789004206663"}]},{"reference":"William Martin Leake (1835). Travels in Northern Greece. J. Rodwell. p. 339.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe01leakgoog","url_text":"Travels in Northern Greece"},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe01leakgoog/page/n355","url_text":"339"}]},{"reference":"Betka, Ursula; Scott, Roger (2006). Byzantine Narrative: Papers in Honour of Roger Scott. Australian Association for Byzantine Studies. p. 525. ISBN 978-1-876503-24-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=AkZoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA525","url_text":"Byzantine Narrative: Papers in Honour of Roger Scott"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-876503-24-6","url_text":"978-1-876503-24-6"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Devol_(Albania)¶ms=40_43_N_020_51_E_","external_links_name":"40°43′N 020°51′E / 40.717°N 20.850°E / 40.717; 20.850"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=F5BTJILYKigC&pg=PA171","external_links_name":"Warfare in Late Byzantium, 1204-1453"},{"Link":"http://geonames.nga.mil/ggmagaz/geonames4.asp","external_links_name":"GNS Search"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080608190852/http://geonames.nga.mil/ggmagaz/geonames4.asp","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe01leakgoog","external_links_name":"Travels in Northern Greece"},{"Link":"https://archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe01leakgoog/page/n355","external_links_name":"339"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=AkZoAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA525","external_links_name":"Byzantine Narrative: Papers in Honour of Roger Scott"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_(novel)
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Queer (novel)
|
["1 Summary","2 Literary significance and criticism","3 Adaptations","4 Notes","5 Sources"]
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Novel by William S. Burroughs
Queer First editionAuthorWilliam S. BurroughsLanguageEnglishPublisherViking PressPublication dateNovember 1985Publication placeUnited StatesMedia typePrint (Hardback & Paperback)ISBN0-670-80833-4OCLC12050392Dewey Decimal813/.54 19LC ClassPS3552.U75 Q8 1985Preceded byJunkie Followed byMinutes to Go (1960) with Sinclair Beiles, Gregory Corso, Brion Gysin
Queer is an early short novel (written between 1951 and 1953, published in 1985) by William S. Burroughs. It is partially a sequel to his earlier novel, Junkie, which ends with the stated ambition of finding a drug called yage. Queer, although not devoted to that quest, does include a trip to Latin America looking for the substance.
Summary
The novel begins with the introduction of "Lee," who recounts his life in Mexico City among American expatriate college students and bar owners surviving on part-time jobs and GI Bill benefits. The novel is written in the third person and Burroughs commented in the "Introduction," published in 1985, that it represents him off heroin, whereas in Junkie, his narrator was psychologically "protected" by his addiction. Lee is self-conscious, insecure, and driven to pursue a young man named Allerton, who is based on Adelbert Lewis Marker (1930–1998), a recently discharged American Navy serviceman from Jacksonville, Florida who befriended Burroughs in Mexico City.
Literary significance and criticism
Queer was originally written as an extension of Junkie, which had been judged too short and uninteresting for publication. Burroughs lost interest in the manuscript, and chose not to return to it even after Junkie was accepted. It was doubtful whether much of the content could be published in the US at that time, since the heavy homosexual content and theme could be held as obscene. Jack Kerouac admired the work and thought it would appeal to "east coast homosexual literary critics". It was eventually published in 1985 with a new Introduction, when Burroughs's literary agent Andrew Wylie secured him a lucrative publishing contract for future novels with Viking. Reportedly, he had not read the manuscript in thirty years because of the emotional trauma it caused him. Much of it was composed while Burroughs was awaiting trial for the allegedly accidental homicide of his common-law wife Joan Vollmer.
The 25th Anniversary edition of Queer published in 2010, edited by Oliver Harris, made some small revisions to the text and, in an introduction, argued that the novel's real traumatic backstory was Burroughs' real life relationship with Lewis Marker, fictionalised in the narrative as Lee's hopeless desire for Allerton.
Despite his frequent and uncompromising writings on homosexuality, Burroughs has not been viewed as a gay author by many readers. In the words of Jamie Russell he has "been totally excluded from the 'queer canon'". According to Russell, Burroughs's life and writing suggests a gay subjectivity which has been deeply troubling to many in the gay community.
Adaptations
An Erling Wold opera of the same title, based on the novel, premiered in the U.S. in 2001.
In 2011, Steve Buscemi was set to direct a film adaption of the book. The screenplay was written by Oren Moverman, director and writer of The Messenger. Buscemi led the first reading of Queer at the Sarasota Film Festival with Stanley Tucci, Ben Foster, John Ventimiglia, and Lisa Joyce.
In December 2022, it was announced that Luca Guadagnino would be directing a film adaptation of the novel with Daniel Craig starring in the lead role. In April 2023, Drew Starkey was cast in the film as Allerton along with Lesley Manville, Jason Schwartzman and Henry Zaga, with plans to begin shooting in April 2023.
Notes
^ Burroughs, William S. (1993). Oliver Harris (ed.). The Letters of William S. Burroughs, 1945-1959. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-916190-17-0.
^ Grauerholz, James W. (January 7, 2002). "The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?" (PDF). American Studies Dept., University of Kansas. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
^ Ann Charters, Kerouac, Straight Arrow 1973.
^ Russell, Jamie: Queer Burroughs, Palgrave MacMillan (2001). ISBN 0-312-23923-8
^ "Guy Pearce, Ben Foster, and Kelly MacDonald Attached to Steve Buscemi's Queer". 2 November 2011.
^ Kroll, Anthony D'Alessandro,Justin; D'Alessandro, Anthony; Kroll, Justin (2022-12-09). "Luca Guadagnino-Directed Adaptation Of 'Queer' With Daniel Craig In Works". Deadline. Retrieved 2022-12-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Drew Starkey to Star With Daniel Craig in Luca Guadagnino's 'Queer' With Filming Starting This Month in Italy". Variety. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
Sources
Queer: 25th Anniversary Edition. Edited by Oliver Harris. New York: Penguin, 2010.
Jamie Russell: Queer Burroughs. Palgrave MacMillan, 2001, ISBN 0-312-23923-8
Ted Morgan: Literary Outlaw. New York: Avon, 1988
vteWilliam S. BurroughsBibliographyNovels and novellas
And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks
Junkie
Queer
Naked Lunch
The Soft Machine
The Ticket That Exploded
Dead Fingers Talk
Nova Express
The Last Words of Dutch Schultz
The Wild Boys
Port of Saints
Blade Runner (a movie)
Cities of the Red Night
Ghost of Chance
The Place of Dead Roads
The Western Lands
My Education: A Book of Dreams
The Cat Inside
Short story collections
Interzone
Exterminator!
Ah Pook Is Here
Tornado Alley
The Third Mind
Essay collections
The Electronic Revolution
The Third Mind
Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology
The Adding Machine: Collected Essays
Non-fiction
The Yage Letters
The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs
Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs
Recordings
Call Me Burroughs
Dead City Radio
You're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With
Spare Ass Annie and Other Tales
The "Priest" They Called Him
Seven Souls
Tony Trischka
Related
Beat Generation
Beat Hotel
Cut-up technique
The Black Rider
Burroughs (film)
Naked Lunch (film)
Queer (film)
The Junky's Christmas
Beat
Words of Advice: William S. Burroughs on the Road
Corso: The Last Beat
William S. Burroughs: A Man Within
Kill Your Darlings
23 enigma
People
Joan Vollmer (wife)
William S. Burroughs Jr. (son)
William Seward Burroughs I (grandfather)
Lucien Carr
James Grauerholz
Allen Ginsberg
Brion Gysin
|
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Queer, although not devoted to that quest, does include a trip to Latin America looking for the substance.","title":"Queer (novel)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"expatriate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriate"},{"link_name":"GI Bill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GI_Bill"},{"link_name":"third person","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-person_narrative"},{"link_name":"heroin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin"},{"link_name":"Jacksonville, Florida","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"The novel begins with the introduction of \"Lee,\" who recounts his life in Mexico City among American expatriate college students and bar owners surviving on part-time jobs and GI Bill benefits. The novel is written in the third person and Burroughs commented in the \"Introduction,\" published in 1985, that it represents him off heroin, whereas in Junkie, his narrator was psychologically \"protected\" by his addiction. Lee is self-conscious, insecure, and driven to pursue a young man named Allerton, who is based on Adelbert Lewis Marker (1930–1998), a recently discharged American Navy serviceman from Jacksonville, Florida who befriended Burroughs in Mexico City.[1][2]","title":"Summary"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"homosexual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexual"},{"link_name":"obscene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscene"},{"link_name":"Jack Kerouac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kerouac"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Andrew Wylie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wylie_(literary_agent)"},{"link_name":"Joan Vollmer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Vollmer"},{"link_name":"Oliver Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Harris"},{"link_name":"homosexuality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Queer was originally written as an extension of Junkie, which had been judged too short and uninteresting for publication. Burroughs lost interest in the manuscript, and chose not to return to it even after Junkie was accepted. It was doubtful whether much of the content could be published in the US at that time, since the heavy homosexual content and theme could be held as obscene. Jack Kerouac admired the work and thought it would appeal to \"east coast homosexual literary critics\".[3] It was eventually published in 1985 with a new Introduction, when Burroughs's literary agent Andrew Wylie secured him a lucrative publishing contract for future novels with Viking. Reportedly, he had not read the manuscript in thirty years because of the emotional trauma it caused him. Much of it was composed while Burroughs was awaiting trial for the allegedly accidental homicide of his common-law wife Joan Vollmer.The 25th Anniversary edition of Queer published in 2010, edited by Oliver Harris, made some small revisions to the text and, in an introduction, argued that the novel's real traumatic backstory was Burroughs' real life relationship with Lewis Marker, fictionalised in the narrative as Lee's hopeless desire for Allerton.Despite his frequent and uncompromising writings on homosexuality, Burroughs has not been viewed as a gay author by many readers. In the words of Jamie Russell he has \"been totally excluded from the 'queer canon'\".[4] According to Russell, Burroughs's life and writing suggests a gay subjectivity which has been deeply troubling to many in the gay community.","title":"Literary significance and criticism"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Erling Wold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erling_Wold"},{"link_name":"Steve Buscemi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Buscemi"},{"link_name":"Oren Moverman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oren_Moverman"},{"link_name":"The Messenger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Messenger_(2009_film)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Sarasota Film Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarasota_Film_Festival"},{"link_name":"Stanley Tucci","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Tucci"},{"link_name":"Ben Foster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Foster_(actor)"},{"link_name":"John Ventimiglia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ventimiglia"},{"link_name":"citation needed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"},{"link_name":"Luca Guadagnino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca_Guadagnino"},{"link_name":"film adaptation of the novel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_(film)"},{"link_name":"Daniel Craig","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Craig"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Drew Starkey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Starkey"},{"link_name":"Lesley Manville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_Manville"},{"link_name":"Jason Schwartzman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Schwartzman"},{"link_name":"Henry Zaga","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Zaga"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"An Erling Wold opera of the same title, based on the novel, premiered in the U.S. in 2001.In 2011, Steve Buscemi was set to direct a film adaption of the book. The screenplay was written by Oren Moverman, director and writer of The Messenger.[5] Buscemi led the first reading of Queer at the Sarasota Film Festival with Stanley Tucci, Ben Foster, John Ventimiglia, and Lisa Joyce.[citation needed]In December 2022, it was announced that Luca Guadagnino would be directing a film adaptation of the novel with Daniel Craig starring in the lead role.[6] In April 2023, Drew Starkey was cast in the film as Allerton along with Lesley Manville, Jason Schwartzman and Henry Zaga, with plans to begin shooting in April 2023. [7]","title":"Adaptations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-0-916190-17-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-916190-17-0"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"\"The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//media.lawrence.com/pdf/sections/burroughs/deathofjoan1-14.pdf"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-312-23923-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-23923-8"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-5"},{"link_name":"\"Guy Pearce, Ben Foster, and Kelly MacDonald Attached to Steve Buscemi's Queer\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.vulture.com/2011/11/steve_buscemi_queer_movie.html"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"\"Luca Guadagnino-Directed Adaptation Of 'Queer' With Daniel Craig In Works\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//deadline.com/2022/12/daniel-craig-luca-guadagnino-queer-1235194243/"},{"link_name":"cite web","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web"},{"link_name":"link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"\"Drew Starkey to Star With Daniel Craig in Luca Guadagnino's 'Queer' With Filming Starting This Month in Italy\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//variety.com/2023/film/global/daniel-craig-drew-starkey-luca-guadagnino-film-queer-1235538147/?fbclid=IwAR1_9FjGMHux0sxtRsyT3u_4DBsWml0HgELOT_0pemB6QLnZi4iAF5-XbdU"}],"text":"^ Burroughs, William S. (1993). Oliver Harris (ed.). The Letters of William S. Burroughs, 1945-1959. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-916190-17-0.\n\n^ Grauerholz, James W. (January 7, 2002). \"The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?\" (PDF). American Studies Dept., University of Kansas. Retrieved 15 January 2012.\n\n^ Ann Charters, Kerouac, Straight Arrow 1973.\n\n^ Russell, Jamie: Queer Burroughs, Palgrave MacMillan (2001). ISBN 0-312-23923-8\n\n^ \"Guy Pearce, Ben Foster, and Kelly MacDonald Attached to Steve Buscemi's Queer\". 2 November 2011.\n\n^ Kroll, Anthony D'Alessandro,Justin; D'Alessandro, Anthony; Kroll, Justin (2022-12-09). \"Luca Guadagnino-Directed Adaptation Of 'Queer' With Daniel Craig In Works\". Deadline. Retrieved 2022-12-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)\n\n^ \"Drew Starkey to Star With Daniel Craig in Luca Guadagnino's 'Queer' With Filming Starting This Month in Italy\". Variety. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-21.","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Oliver Harris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Harris"},{"link_name":"Jamie Russell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamie_Russell_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-312-23923-8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-23923-8"},{"link_name":"Ted Morgan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Morgan_(writer)"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:William_S._Burroughs"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:William_S._Burroughs"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_S._Burroughs"},{"link_name":"William S. Burroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Burroughs"},{"link_name":"Bibliography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Burroughs_bibliography"},{"link_name":"And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_the_Hippos_Were_Boiled_in_Their_Tanks"},{"link_name":"Junkie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkie_(novel)"},{"link_name":"Queer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Naked Lunch","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_Lunch"},{"link_name":"The Soft Machine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Soft_Machine"},{"link_name":"The Ticket That Exploded","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ticket_That_Exploded"},{"link_name":"Dead Fingers Talk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Fingers_Talk"},{"link_name":"Nova Express","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Express"},{"link_name":"The Last Words of Dutch Schultz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Words_of_Dutch_Schultz"},{"link_name":"The Wild Boys","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wild_Boys_(novel)"},{"link_name":"Port of Saints","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Saints"},{"link_name":"Blade Runner (a movie)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Runner_(a_movie)"},{"link_name":"Cities of the Red Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Red_Night"},{"link_name":"Ghost of Chance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_of_Chance"},{"link_name":"The Place of Dead Roads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Place_of_Dead_Roads"},{"link_name":"The Western Lands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Western_Lands"},{"link_name":"My Education: A Book of Dreams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Education:_A_Book_of_Dreams"},{"link_name":"The Cat Inside","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_Inside"},{"link_name":"Interzone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interzone_(book)"},{"link_name":"Exterminator!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterminator!"},{"link_name":"Ah Pook Is Here","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah_Pook_Is_Here"},{"link_name":"Tornado Alley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_Alley_(book)"},{"link_name":"The Third Mind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Third_Mind"},{"link_name":"The Electronic Revolution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Electronic_Revolution"},{"link_name":"The Third Mind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Third_Mind"},{"link_name":"Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%27s_Smile"},{"link_name":"The Adding Machine: Collected Essays","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adding_Machine:_Collected_Essays"},{"link_name":"The Yage Letters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Yage_Letters"},{"link_name":"The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Job:_Interviews_with_William_S._Burroughs"},{"link_name":"Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Words:_The_Final_Journals_of_William_S._Burroughs"},{"link_name":"Call Me Burroughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_Me_Burroughs"},{"link_name":"Dead City Radio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_City_Radio"},{"link_name":"You're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re_the_Guy_I_Want_to_Share_My_Money_With"},{"link_name":"Spare Ass Annie and Other Tales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_Ass_Annie_and_Other_Tales"},{"link_name":"The \"Priest\" They Called Him","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_%22Priest%22_They_Called_Him"},{"link_name":"Seven Souls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Souls"},{"link_name":"Tony Trischka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Turning_(album)"},{"link_name":"Beat Generation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Generation"},{"link_name":"Beat Hotel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Hotel"},{"link_name":"Cut-up technique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut-up_technique"},{"link_name":"The Black Rider","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Black_Rider"},{"link_name":"Burroughs (film)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_(film)"},{"link_name":"Naked Lunch (film)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_Lunch_(film)"},{"link_name":"Queer (film)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_(film)"},{"link_name":"The Junky's Christmas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Junky%27s_Christmas"},{"link_name":"Beat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_(2000_film)"},{"link_name":"Words of Advice: William S. Burroughs on the Road","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Words_of_Advice:_William_S._Burroughs_on_the_Road"},{"link_name":"Corso: The Last Beat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corso:_The_Last_Beat"},{"link_name":"William S. Burroughs: A Man Within","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Burroughs:_A_Man_Within"},{"link_name":"Kill Your Darlings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_Your_Darlings_(2013_film)"},{"link_name":"23 enigma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_enigma"},{"link_name":"Joan Vollmer (wife)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Vollmer"},{"link_name":"William S. Burroughs Jr. (son)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Burroughs_Jr."},{"link_name":"William Seward Burroughs I (grandfather)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Seward_Burroughs_I"},{"link_name":"Lucien Carr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_Carr"},{"link_name":"James Grauerholz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Grauerholz"},{"link_name":"Allen Ginsberg","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg"},{"link_name":"Brion Gysin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brion_Gysin"}],"text":"Queer: 25th Anniversary Edition. Edited by Oliver Harris. New York: Penguin, 2010.\nJamie Russell: Queer Burroughs. Palgrave MacMillan, 2001, ISBN 0-312-23923-8\nTed Morgan: Literary Outlaw. New York: Avon, 1988vteWilliam S. BurroughsBibliographyNovels and novellas\nAnd the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks\nJunkie\nQueer\nNaked Lunch\nThe Soft Machine\nThe Ticket That Exploded\nDead Fingers Talk\nNova Express\nThe Last Words of Dutch Schultz\nThe Wild Boys\nPort of Saints\nBlade Runner (a movie)\nCities of the Red Night\nGhost of Chance\nThe Place of Dead Roads\nThe Western Lands\nMy Education: A Book of Dreams\nThe Cat Inside\nShort story collections\nInterzone\nExterminator!\nAh Pook Is Here\nTornado Alley\nThe Third Mind\nEssay collections\nThe Electronic Revolution\nThe Third Mind\nAli's Smile: Naked Scientology\nThe Adding Machine: Collected Essays\nNon-fiction\nThe Yage Letters\nThe Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs\nLast Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs\nRecordings\nCall Me Burroughs\nDead City Radio\nYou're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With\nSpare Ass Annie and Other Tales\nThe \"Priest\" They Called Him\nSeven Souls\nTony Trischka\nRelated\nBeat Generation\nBeat Hotel\nCut-up technique\nThe Black Rider\nBurroughs (film)\nNaked Lunch (film)\nQueer (film)\nThe Junky's Christmas\nBeat\nWords of Advice: William S. Burroughs on the Road\nCorso: The Last Beat\nWilliam S. Burroughs: A Man Within\nKill Your Darlings\n23 enigma\nPeople\nJoan Vollmer (wife)\nWilliam S. Burroughs Jr. (son)\nWilliam Seward Burroughs I (grandfather)\nLucien Carr\nJames Grauerholz\nAllen Ginsberg\nBrion Gysin","title":"Sources"}]
|
[]
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[{"reference":"Burroughs, William S. (1993). Oliver Harris (ed.). The Letters of William S. Burroughs, 1945-1959. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-916190-17-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-916190-17-0","url_text":"978-0-916190-17-0"}]},{"reference":"Grauerholz, James W. (January 7, 2002). \"The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?\" (PDF). American Studies Dept., University of Kansas. Retrieved 15 January 2012.","urls":[{"url":"http://media.lawrence.com/pdf/sections/burroughs/deathofjoan1-14.pdf","url_text":"\"The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?\""}]},{"reference":"\"Guy Pearce, Ben Foster, and Kelly MacDonald Attached to Steve Buscemi's Queer\". 2 November 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.vulture.com/2011/11/steve_buscemi_queer_movie.html","url_text":"\"Guy Pearce, Ben Foster, and Kelly MacDonald Attached to Steve Buscemi's Queer\""}]},{"reference":"Kroll, Anthony D'Alessandro,Justin; D'Alessandro, Anthony; Kroll, Justin (2022-12-09). \"Luca Guadagnino-Directed Adaptation Of 'Queer' With Daniel Craig In Works\". Deadline. Retrieved 2022-12-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://deadline.com/2022/12/daniel-craig-luca-guadagnino-queer-1235194243/","url_text":"\"Luca Guadagnino-Directed Adaptation Of 'Queer' With Daniel Craig In Works\""}]},{"reference":"\"Drew Starkey to Star With Daniel Craig in Luca Guadagnino's 'Queer' With Filming Starting This Month in Italy\". Variety. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-21.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2023/film/global/daniel-craig-drew-starkey-luca-guadagnino-film-queer-1235538147/?fbclid=IwAR1_9FjGMHux0sxtRsyT3u_4DBsWml0HgELOT_0pemB6QLnZi4iAF5-XbdU","url_text":"\"Drew Starkey to Star With Daniel Craig in Luca Guadagnino's 'Queer' With Filming Starting This Month in Italy\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12050392","external_links_name":"12050392"},{"Link":"http://media.lawrence.com/pdf/sections/burroughs/deathofjoan1-14.pdf","external_links_name":"\"The Death of Joan Vollmer: What Really Happened?\""},{"Link":"http://www.vulture.com/2011/11/steve_buscemi_queer_movie.html","external_links_name":"\"Guy Pearce, Ben Foster, and Kelly MacDonald Attached to Steve Buscemi's Queer\""},{"Link":"https://deadline.com/2022/12/daniel-craig-luca-guadagnino-queer-1235194243/","external_links_name":"\"Luca Guadagnino-Directed Adaptation Of 'Queer' With Daniel Craig In Works\""},{"Link":"https://variety.com/2023/film/global/daniel-craig-drew-starkey-luca-guadagnino-film-queer-1235538147/?fbclid=IwAR1_9FjGMHux0sxtRsyT3u_4DBsWml0HgELOT_0pemB6QLnZi4iAF5-XbdU","external_links_name":"\"Drew Starkey to Star With Daniel Craig in Luca Guadagnino's 'Queer' With Filming Starting This Month in Italy\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Phantom_Ship_(film)
|
The Phantom Ship (film)
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["1 Plot","2 Notes","3 References","4 External links"]
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1936 filmThe Phantom ShipDirected byJack KingProduced byLeon SchlesingerStarringTommy BondBernice HansenMusic byBernard BrownNorman SpencerAnimation byPaul SmithDon WilliamsColor processBlack and whiteProductioncompanyWarner Bros. CartoonsDistributed byWarner Bros.The Vitaphone CorporationRelease date
February 1, 1936 (1936-02-01) (United States)
Running time7 minutesLanguageEnglish
The Phantom Ship is a 1936 animated short film and is part of the Looney Tunes series. It stars Beans the Cat, along with spotted St. Bernard puppies Ham and Ex.
Plot
Ham and Ex are reading a press release about their uncle Beans who is flying north to explore an old galleon. Outside, Beans is preparing his aircraft for his trip to the north. Without their uncle's knowledge, Ham and Ex board the backseats. Beans himself finally hops in and flies the aircraft.
Beans arrives at the Arctic, parking his plane just near the frozen ship. Ham and Ex show themselves, much to their uncle's surprise. Nevertheless, Beans takes them along. The three young explorers set foot on the rickety old vessel. Ghostly forces toss Beans around while Ham and Ex get tangled with a skeleton. Finally the trio end up in the hull. In a room, they find a treasure chest with booty. Beans then notices a couple of buccaneers who have been frozen for a very long time. Beans then takes the chairs they are sitting on and lights a fire in the stove, causing the buccaneers to defrost and awaken, while Beans loads his plane with the treasure.
The two buccaneers give chase to the trio, until Ham and Ex land inside the plane and take off. Meanwhile, Beans dodges one of the buccaneers who hurls a powder keg at him and it explodes, launching him the air. Ham and Ex manage to rescue him in midair. After some rejoice the three explorers fly back home.
Notes
Ham and Ex make their second appearance in this short. This is also the first time they wear garments and shoes.
This is also the first cartoon to feature the zooming WB shield in the opening titles and the first to have "VITAPHONE Presents". The zooming WB shield would mainly be used in the Warner Bros. Cartoons opening titles until 1964, while "VITAPHONE Presents" would be used in the Warner Bros. Cartoons opening titles until April 1939.
References
^ Beck, Jerry; Friedwald, Will (1989). Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons. Henry Holt and Co. p. 41. ISBN 0-8050-0894-2.
^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. p. 54. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
External links
The Phantom Ship at IMDb
vteBeans the Cat in animation1935
I Haven't Got a Hat
The Country Mouse (cameo)
A Cartoonist's Nightmare
Hollywood Capers
Gold Diggers of '49
The Fire Alarm
1936
Plane Dippy (cameo)
Alpine Antics
The Phantom Ship
Boom Boom
Westward Whoa
vtePorky Pig in animation
Porky Pig filmography
Short films1930s1935
I Haven't Got a Hat
Country Mouse (cameo)
Hollywood Capers (cameo)
Gold Diggers of '49
1936
Alpine Antics
The Phantom Ship (cameo)
Boom Boom
The Blow Out
Westward Whoa
Plane Dippy
Fish Tales
Shanghaied Shipmates
Porky's Pet
Porky the Rain-Maker
Porky's Poultry Plant
Porky's Moving Day
Milk and Money
Boulevardier from the Bronx (cameo)
Little Beau Porky
The Village Smithy
Porky in the North Woods
1937
Porky the Wrestler
Porky's Road Race
Picador Porky
Porky's Romance
Porky's Duck Hunt
Porky and Gabby
Porky's Building
Porky's Super Service
Porky's Badtime Story
Porky's Railroad
Get Rich Quick Porky
Porky's Garden
Rover's Rival
The Case of the Stuttering Pig
Porky's Double Trouble
Porky's Hero Agency
1938
Porky's Poppa
Porky at the Crocadero
What Price Porky
Porky's Phoney Express
Porky's Five & Ten
Porky's Hare Hunt
Injun Trouble
Porky the Fireman
Porky's Party
Porky's Spring Planting
Porky & Daffy
Wholly Smoke
Porky in Wackyland
Porky's Naughty Nephew
Porky in Egypt
The Daffy Doc
Porky the Gob
1939
The Lone Stranger and Porky
It's an Ill Wind
Porky's Tire Trouble
Porky's Movie Mystery
Chicken Jitters
Porky and Teabiscuit
Kristopher Kolumbus Jr.
Polar Pals
Scalp Trouble
Old Glory
Porky's Picnic
Wise Quacks
Porky's Hotel
Jeepers Creepers
Naughty Neighbors
Pied Piper Porky
Porky the Giant Killer
The Film Fan
1940s1940
Porky's Last Stand
Africa Squeaks
Ali-Baba Bound
Pilgrim Porky
Slap Happy Pappy
Porky's Poor Fish
You Ought to Be in Pictures
The Chewin' Bruin
Porky's Baseball Broadcast
Patient Porky
Calling Dr. Porky
Prehistoric Porky
The Sour Puss
Porky's Hired Hand
The Timid Toreador
1941
Porky's Snooze Reel
Porky's Bear Facts
Toy Trouble
Porky's Preview
Porky's Ant
A Coy Decoy
Porky's Prize Pony
Meet John Doughboy
We, the Animals
The Henpecked Duck
Notes to You
Robinson Crusoe, Jr.
Porky's Midnight Matinee
Porky's Pooch
1942
Porky's Pastry Pirates
Who's Who in the Zoo
Porky's Cafe
Any Bonds Today?
My Favorite Duck
1943
Confusions of a Nutzy Spy
Yankee Doodle Daffy
Porky Pig's Feat
A Corny Concerto
1944
Tom Turk and Daffy
Tick Tock Tuckered
Swooner Crooner
Duck Soup to Nuts
Slightly Daffy
Brother Brat
1945
Trap Happy Porky
Wagon Heels
1946
Baby Bottleneck
Daffy Doodles
Kitty Kornered
The Great Piggy Bank Robbery (cameo)
Mouse Menace
1947
One Meat Brawl
Little Orphan Airedale
1948
Daffy Duck Slept Here
Nothing But the Tooth
The Pest That Came to Dinner
Riff Raffy Daffy
Scaredy Cat
1949
Awful Orphan
Porky Chops
Paying the Piper
Daffy Duck Hunt
Curtain Razor
Often an Orphan
Dough for the Do-Do
Bye, Bye Bluebeard
1950s
Boobs in the Woods (1950)
The Scarlet Pumpernickel (1950)
An Egg Scramble (1950)
Golden Yeggs (1950)
The Ducksters (1950)
Dog Collared (1950)
The Wearing of the Grin (1951)
Drip-Along Daffy (1951)
The Prize Pest (1951)
Thumb Fun (1952)
Cracked Quack (1952)
Fool Coverage (1952)
Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century (1953)
Claws for Alarm (1954)
My Little Duckaroo (1954)
Jumpin' Jupiter (1955)
Dime to Retire (1955)
Rocket Squad (1956)
Deduce, You Say! (1956)
Boston Quackie (1957)
Robin Hood Daffy (1958)
China Jones (1959)
1960s
Daffy's Inn Trouble (1961)
Dumb Patrol (1964)
Corn on the Cop (1965)
Mucho Locos (1966)
1980s
Bugs Bunny's Christmas Carol (1979)
1980s
Duck Dodgers and the Return of the 24½th Century (1980)
1990s
Invasion of the Bunny Snatchers (1992)
Carrotblanca (1995; cameo)
Superior Duck (1996)
2000s
My Generation G...G...Gap (2004)
Feature filmsTheatrical
The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie (1979)
The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie (1981)
Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales (1982)
Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island (1983)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988; cameo)
Daffy Duck's Quackbusters (1988)
Space Jam (1996)
Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003; cameo)
Space Jam: A New Legacy (2021)
The Day the Earth Blew Up: A Looney Tunes Movie (2024)
Direct-to-video
Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas (2006)
Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run (2015)
TV series
The Porky Pig Show (1964–1967)
Tiny Toon Adventures (1990–1992)
Baby Looney Tunes (2002–2005)
Duck Dodgers (2003–2005)
The Looney Tunes Show (2011–2013)
New Looney Tunes (2015–2020)
Looney Tunes Cartoons (2020–2023)
Bugs Bunny Builders (2022–present)
Tiny Toons Looniversity (2023–present)
TV specials
Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies (1972)
Carnival of the Animals (1976)
Bugs Bunny's Easter Special (1977)
Bugs Bunny in Space (1977)
Bugs Bunny's Howl-oween Special (1977)
Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet (1979)
Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales (1979)
The Bugs Bunny Mystery Special (1980)
Battle of the Music Video Stars (1988)
Overtures to Disaster (1991)
vteFilms directed by Jack King
Viva Buddy (1934)
Buddy's Circus (1934)
Buddy the Woodsman (1934)
Buddy the Detective (1934)
Buddy's Bearcats (1934)
Hollywood Capers (1935)
A Cartoonist's Nightmare (1935)
Buddy the Gee Man (1935)
Buddy Steps Out (1935)
Buddy's Bug Hunt (1935)
Buddy's Lost World (1935)
The Phantom Ship (1936)
Boom Boom (1936)
The Fire Alarm (1936)
Alpine Antics (1936)
Westward Whoa (1936)
Fish Tales (1936)
Shanghaied Shipmates (1936)
Porky's Pet (1936)
Porky's Moving Day (1936)
Modern Inventions (1937)
Donald's Ostrich (1937)
Self Control (1938)
Donald's Better Self (1938)
Donald's Golf Game (1938)
Good Scouts (1938)
Donald's Nephews (1938)
The Autograph Hound (1939)
Donald's Penguin (1939)
Donald's Cousin Gus (1939)
The Hockey Champ (1939)
Donald's Lucky Day (1939)
Fire Chief (1940)
Window Cleaners (1940)
Donald's Vacation (1940)
Mr. Duck Steps Out (1940)
Donald's Dog Laundry (1940)
Chef Donald (1941)
Old MacDonald Duck (1941)
Truant Officer Donald (1941)
Early to Bed (1941)
Timber (1941)
Bellboy Donald (1942)
Sky Trooper (1942)
The Vanishing Private (1942)
Out of the Frying Pan into the Firing Line (1942)
Donald Gets Drafted (1942)
Donald's Snow Fight (1942)
Home Defense (1943)
The Old Army Game (1943)
Fall Out Fall In (1943)
The Spirit of '43 (1943)
The Plastics Inventor (1944)
Commando Duck (1944)
Contrary Condor (1944)
Donald Duck and the Gorilla (1944)
Trombone Trouble (1944)
Old Sequoia (1945)
Cured Duck (1945)
Donald's Crime (1945)
The Clock Watcher (1945)
Defense Against Invasion (1946)
Dumb Bell of the Yukon (1946)
Wet Paint (1946)
Donald's Double Trouble (1946)
Wide Open Spaces (1947)
Donald's Dilemma (1947)
Sleepy Time Donald (1947)
The Trial of Donald Duck (1948)
Donald's Dream Voice (1948)
Drip Dippy Donald (1948)
This Looney Tunes–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyckman_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)
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Dyckman Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
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["1 History","2 Station layout","2.1 Exits","3 Nearby points of interest","4 References","5 External links"]
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Coordinates: 40°51′56″N 73°55′38″W / 40.865465°N 73.927345°W / 40.865465; -73.927345For the station at Dyckman Street and Nagle Avenue, see Dyckman Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line).
New York City Subway station in Manhattan
New York City Subway station in Manhattan, New York Dyckman Street New York City Subway station (rapid transit)Northbound platformStation statisticsAddressDyckman Street & BroadwayNew York, NYBoroughManhattanLocaleInwoodCoordinates40°51′56″N 73°55′38″W / 40.865465°N 73.927345°W / 40.865465; -73.927345DivisionB (IND)Line IND Eighth Avenue LineServices A (all times)Transit NYCT Bus: M100, Bx7 MTA Bus: BxM1StructureUndergroundPlatforms2 side platformsTracks4 (2 in passenger service)Other informationOpenedSeptember 10, 1932; 91 years ago (1932-09-10)Opposite-directiontransferYesFormer/other namesDyckman Street–200th StreetOther entrances/exitsBroadway, Riverside Drive, and Dyckman StreetTraffic20231,306,098 7.5%
Rank236 out of 423Services
Preceding station
New York City Subway
Following station
Inwood–207th StreetTerminus
190th Streettoward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue or Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard
Location
Show map of New York City SubwayShow map of New York CityShow map of New York
Track layout
Legend
to Inwood–207th Street
to 207th Street Yard
to 190th Street
Street map
Station service legend
Symbol
Description
Stops all times
The Dyckman Street station (pronounced DIKE-man) is a station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Dyckman Street and Broadway in Inwood, within northern Manhattan. It is served by the A train at all times.
History
New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and BMT. On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line. This line consisted of a corridor connecting Inwood, Manhattan, to Downtown Brooklyn, running largely under Eighth Avenue but also paralleling Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan. The BOT announced a list of stations on the new line in February 1928, with a station at Thayer Street (one block southwest of Dyckman Street).
The finishes at the five stations between 175th and 207th Street, including the Dyckman Street station, were 18 percent completed by May 1930. By that August, the BOT reported that the Eighth Avenue Line was nearly completed and that the stations from 116th to 207th Street were 99.9 percent completed. The entire line was completed by September 1931, except for the installation of turnstiles. A preview event for the new subway was hosted on September 8, 1932, two days before the official opening. The Dyckman Street station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street. Construction of the whole line cost $191.2 million. Service at this station was provided with express service from its onset.
Dyckman Street was formerly named Dyckman Street–200th Street despite Manhattan never having a street numbered 200th.
The station was planned to be rehabilitated as part of the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program.
Station layout
G
Street level
Exit/entrance
B1Platform level
Side platform
Northbound
← toward Inwood–207th Street (Terminus)← termination track (select rush hour trips)
Yard lead
← No regular service
Yard lead
← No regular service
Southbound
← toward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue, Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard or Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street (190th Street) →
Side platform
B2
Crossunder
Connection between platforms
Station underpass
Entrance in front of Fort Tryon Park
There are four tracks and two side platforms, much like a typical local station in the subway system. The two outer tracks lead to the 207th Street terminal station while the two center tracks lead to the 207th Street Yard. The two center tracks merge with the two outer tracks south of this station and there are diamond crossovers between all four tracks to the north. They can be used for train storage, reroutes, or emergencies. During the morning rush hour, some northbound A trains terminate here before being taken out of service to the yard by switching to the center tracks north of this station.
Both platform walls have no trim line, but there are mosaic name tablets reading "DYCKMAN–200TH ST." in white sans-serif lettering on a maroon background and black border. Small "200" tile captions in white numbering on a black background run along the walls between the name tablets. Yellow I-beam columns run along both platforms at regular intervals, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate in white lettering, reading "Dyckman Street". A few column signs still read "200". There is an underpass connecting the platforms.
Exits
Each platform has one same-level fare control area and there is a crossunder inside fare control. The southbound platform has the full-time turnstile bank and token booth. There are three street stairs here, two of which are built inside buildings and go up to the northwest corner of Broadway and Dyckman Street. The other stair goes up to the southwest corner of Broadway and Riverside Drive on the northern end of Fort Tryon Park.
Since Inwood–207th Street is the next and last stop on the line, this station's fare control on the northbound platform is exit only, containing just full height turnstiles and four staircases, two of which go up to the northeast corner of Broadway and Dyckman Street and the other two to the southeast corner.
Nearby points of interest
Dyckman Farmhouse Museum
Fort Tryon Park
Inwood Hill Park
References
^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
^ "List of the 28 Stations on the New 8th Av. Line". The New York Times. September 10, 1932. p. 6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
^ a b "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
^ "Two Subway Routes Adopted by City". The New York Times. August 4, 1923. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
^ "Plans Now Ready to Start Subways". The New York Times. March 12, 1924. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
^ a b "Hylan Subway Plan Links Four Boroughs at $450,000,000 Cost". The New York Times. December 10, 1924. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
^ Raskin, Joseph B. (2013). The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. New York, New York: Fordham University Press. doi:10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-82325-369-2.
^ "Express and Local Stations For New Eighth Avenue Line". New York Herald Tribune. February 5, 1928. p. B1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1113431477.
^ "Progress is Rapid on 8th Av. Subway; Board's Engineers Report Spurt in Building Is Likely to Open the Line in July, 1930". The New York Times. May 26, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 29, 2023.
^ "Eighth Av. Subway Nearly Completed; Basic Construction Work From Chambers to 207th St. Done Except on Few Short Stretches". The New York Times. August 24, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
^ O'Brien, John C. (September 9, 1931). "8th Ave. Line Being Rushed For Use Jan. 1: Turnstile Installation on Subway Begins Monday; Other Equipment Ready for Start of Train Service City Has Yet to Find Operating Company Transit Official on Trip, 207th to Canal Street, Inspects Finished Tube". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1331181357.
^ "Sightseers Invade New Subway When Barricade Is lifted". The New York Times. September 9, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
^ "8th Av. Subway Gets First 5c. by Woman's Error: She Peers Into a Station, Hears Train, Pays for Ride, but Is Day Too Early Preparing for Tomorrow's Rush on 8th Ave. Subway". New York Herald Tribune. September 9, 1932. p. 1. ProQuest 1125436641.
^ a b Crowell, Paul (September 10, 1932). "Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
^ Sebring, Lewis B. (September 10, 1932). "Midnight Jam Opens City's New Subway: Turnstiles Click Into Action at 12:01 A. M. as Throngs Battle for Places in 'First' Trains Boy, 7, Leads Rush At 42d St. Station City at Last Hails 8th Ave. Line After 7-Year Wait; Cars Bigger, Clean Transit Commissioner Officially Opening New Subway at Midnight". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114839882.
^ "200th Street, Manhattan-Bronx". Forgotten New York. February 10, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2017. Presently, Manhattan numbered streets skip from West 196th to West 201st, and both of those streets go for one block or less. Manhattan has never had a 200th Street.
^ Review of the A and C Lines (PDF) (Report). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 11, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
^ Dougherty, Peter (2006) . Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 (3rd ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 – via Google Books.
^ "A Subway Timetable, Effective June 26, 2022". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
^ Cox, Jeremiah (March 7, 2013). "A name tablet". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
^ Barnes, John (June 15, 2009). "(One of?) the last 200 St. signs at Dyckman Street (Line A)- most have been removed". nycsubway.org. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
^ Cox, Jeremiah (August 15, 2008). "The underpass that has seen better days". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
^ Cox, Jeremiah (March 7, 2013). "The underpass and High Exit turnstiles from the uptown platform". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
^ a b c d e "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Inwood" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
^ Cox, Jeremiah (December 21, 2005). "The Exit Only No Entry Staircase also has a chain and closed sign during the transit strike to try and prevent passengers from going down". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
^ Cox, Jeremiah (August 15, 2008). "The two exit only streetstairs (with red square Ms and normal globes) from the uptown platform". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dyckman Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line).
nycsubway.org – IND 8th Avenue: Dyckman Street/200th Street
Station Reporter — A Rockaway
Station Reporter — A Lefferts
The Subway Nut — Dyckman Street (A)
Storefront entrance to Dyckman Street from Google Maps Street View
Broadway and Riverside Drive entrance from Google Maps Street View
Platform from Google Maps Street View
vteStations of the New York City Subway, by service Eighth Avenue Express
Inwood–207th Street
Dyckman Street
190th Street
181st Street
175th Street
168th Street
163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue*
155th Street*
145th Street
135th Street*
125th Street
116th Street*
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street*
103rd Street*
96th Street*
86th Street*
81st Street–Museum of Natural History*
72nd Street*
59th Street–Columbus Circle
50th Street*
42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal
34th Street–Penn Station
23rd Street*
14th Street
West Fourth Street–Washington Square
Spring Street*
Canal Street
Chambers Street
Fulton Street
High Street
Jay Street–MetroTech
Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets
Lafayette Avenue*
Clinton–Washington Avenues*
Franklin Avenue*
Nostrand Avenue
Kingston–Throop Avenues*
Utica Avenue
Ralph Avenue*
Rockaway Avenue*
Broadway Junction
Liberty Avenue*
Van Siclen Avenue*
Shepherd Avenue*
Euclid Avenue
Grant Avenue
80th Street
88th Street
Rockaway Boulevard
Lefferts branch
104th Street
111th Street
Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard
Rockaways branches
Aqueduct Racetrack
Aqueduct–North Conduit Avenue
Howard Beach–JFK Airport
Broad Channel
Far Rockaway branch
Beach 67th Street
Beach 60th Street
Beach 44th Street
Beach 36th Street
Beach 25th Street
Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue
Rockaway Park branch
Beach 90th Street
Beach 98th Street
Beach 105th Street
Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street
See also
Lists by borough (The Bronx
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Queens)
Accessible
Closed
Terminals
Transfer
Commons category
Note: Service variations, station closures, and reroutes are not reflected here.Stations with asterisks have no regular peak, reverse peak, or midday service on that route. See linked articles for more information.
vteStations of the New York City Subway, by line (physical trackage)Eighth Ave. Line
Inwood–207th Street
Dyckman Street
190th Street
181st Street
175th Street
168th Street
163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue
155th Street
145th Street
135th Street
125th Street
116th Street
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
103rd Street
96th Street
86th Street
81st Street–Museum of Natural History
72nd Street
59th Street–Columbus Circle
50th Street
42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal
34th Street–Penn Station
23rd Street
14th Street
West Fourth Street–Washington Square
Spring Street
Canal Street
Chambers Street / World Trade Center
Fulton Street
High Street
See also
Lists by borough (The Bronx
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Queens)
Accessible
Closed
Terminals
Transfer
Commons category
Stations and line segments in italics are closed, demolished, or planned (temporary closures are marked with asterisks). Track connections to other lines' terminals are displayed in brackets. Struck through passenger track connections are closed or unused in regular service.
vteStructures on Broadway in Manhattan and the BronxBuildings (The Battery – Houston Street)
U.S. Custom House
One
Two
11 (Bowling Green Offices)
25 (Cunard)
26 (Standard Oil)
52
61 (Adams Express)
65 (American Express)
1 Wall Street
71 (Empire)
75 (Trinity Church)
100 (American Surety)
111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty)
120 (Equitable)
140 (Marine Midland)
165 (One Liberty Plaza)
195
200 (Fulton Center)
Corbin Building
209
St. Paul's Chapel
Trinity Church Cemetery
Transportation (225)
233 (Woolworth)
253, 256 (Home Life)
258 (Rogers Peet)
City Hall
270 (Tower 270)
277 (Broadway–Chambers)
280
287
290 (Ted Weiss Federal)
291
305 (Mutual Reserve)
319
346 (Former New York Life)
359
361
395 (Pearl River Mart)
457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse)
462 (Mills & Gibb)
488 (E. V. Haughwout)
495 (New Era)
561 (Scholastic)
Buildings (Houston Street – Times Square)
611 (Cable)
640
721 (Tisch School)
770
800 (Grace Church)
828 (Strand Bookstore)
889 (Gorham)
900 (Goelet)
935–939
Flatiron Building
Madison Green
1181 (Baudouine)
1200 (Gilsey)
1232 (Grand Hotel)
1260 (Martinique Hotel)
1300 (Hotel McAlpin)
1313
Macy's
1328 (Marbridge)
1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank)
Holy Innocents Church
Times Square Tower
1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel)
Buildings (Times Square – Columbus Circle)
1472 (4 Times Square)
1475 (One Times Square)
1500
1501 (Paramount)
1515 (One Astor Plaza and Minskoff Theatre)
1535 (Marriott Marquis)
1540 (Bertelsmann)
1552 (I. Miller)
1560 (Embassy Theatre)
1564 (Palace Theatre)
1566 (TSX Broadway)`
1585 (Morgan Stanley)
1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel)
1619 (Brill)
1634 (Winter Garden Theatre)
1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner)
1633 (Paramount Plaza)
1681 (Broadway Theatre)
1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre)
1717
1740
1745 (Random House Tower)
1764 (224 West 57th Street)
1780 (Central Park Tower)
1790 (5 Columbus Circle)
240 Central Park South
Buildings (Columbus Circle – The Bronx)
Deutsche Bank Center
Trump International Hotel and Tower
1865
Empire Hotel
The Dorilton
2100 (Apple Bank)
2109 (Ansonia)
2124 (Beacon Theatre)
Hotel Beacon
The Astor
2175 (Hotel Belleclaire)
2201 (Apthorp)
First Baptist Church
2350 (Bretton Hall)
2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop)
Astor Court
The Cornwall
School at Columbia
2626 (Metro Theater)
2880 (Goddard Institute)
Broadway Hall
3009 (Barnard College)
3333 (Riverside Park Community)
Intercession Church
3939 (Children's Hospital)
3940
Audubon Ballroom
Shabazz Center
4140 (United Palace)
4881 (Dyckman House)
4967 (Good Shepherd Church)
5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch)
5141 (Allen Hospital)
Parks and plazas
Bowling Green
Zuccotti Park
City Hall Park
Union Square
Madison Square
Greeley Square
Herald Square
Times Square
Columbus Circle
Verdi Square
Van Cortlandt Park
Subway stations
103rd Street
116th Street–Columbia University
125th Street
137th Street–City College
145th Street
14th Street
157th Street
168th Street
231st Street
238th Street
23rd Street
28th Street
34th Street–Herald Square
50th Street
59th Street–Columbus Circle
66th Street–Lincoln Center
72nd Street
79th Street
86th Street
96th Street
Bowling Green
Canal Street
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
City Hall
Dyckman Street
Eighth Street–New York University
Fulton Street
Inwood–207th Street
Marble Hill–225th Street
Prince Street
Times Square–42nd Street
Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street
Wall Street
Former
New York Produce Exchange
Government House
39 (Macomb House)
50 (Tower)
64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance)
113–119 (City Hotel)
120 (Equitable Life)
149 (Singer)
165 (City Investing)
169–171 (Gilsey)
176 (Howard Hotel)
195 (Western Union)
220 (St. Paul)
222 (Barnum's American Museum)
Astor House
Rogers Peet
346 (Appleton)
472 (Mechanics' Hall)
Theatre Comique
Church of the Divine Unity
507 (St. Nicholas Hotel)
Metropolitan Hotel
663 (Canterbury Hall)
673 (Grand Central Hotel)
728 (Church of the Messiah)
728 (New Theatre Comique)
881 (Arnold Constable)
1101 (Albemarle Hotel)
1107 (McCrory Stores)
1115 (Legnam Corporation)
Hotel Victoria
1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre)
1372 (Fair Waist Company)
1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre)
1411 (Metropolitan Opera House)
1469 (Pabst)
1481 (Rialto Theatre)
1500 (Hotel Claridge)
1537 (Astor Theatre)
1567 (Central Theatre)
1579 (Strand Theatre)
1600 (Studebaker)
Jack Dempsey's Restaurant
1645 (Capitol Theatre)
1650
Beltone Studios
Iridium Jazz Club
1678 (Birdland)
1865 (Museum of Biblical Art)
1981 (Dauphin Hotel)
4260 (Coliseum Theatre)
St. Teresa of Avila Church
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dyckman Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyckman_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"DIKE-man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key"},{"link_name":"station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_station"},{"link_name":"IND Eighth Avenue Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line"},{"link_name":"New York City Subway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway"},{"link_name":"Dyckman Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyckman_Street_(Manhattan)"},{"link_name":"Broadway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)"},{"link_name":"Inwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood,_Manhattan"},{"link_name":"Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan"},{"link_name":"A","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(New_York_City_Subway_service)"}],"text":"For the station at Dyckman Street and Nagle Avenue, see Dyckman Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line).New York City Subway station in ManhattanNew York City Subway station in Manhattan, New YorkThe Dyckman Street station (pronounced DIKE-man) is a station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Dyckman Street and Broadway in Inwood, within northern Manhattan. It is served by the A train at all times.","title":"Dyckman Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"John Francis Hylan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Hylan"},{"link_name":"Independent Subway System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Subway_System"},{"link_name":"Interborough Rapid Transit Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interborough_Rapid_Transit_Company"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"New York City Board of Transportation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation"},{"link_name":"IND Eighth Avenue Line","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt19241210-6"},{"link_name":"Inwood, Manhattan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood,_Manhattan"},{"link_name":"Downtown Brooklyn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn"},{"link_name":"Eighth Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)"},{"link_name":"Greenwich Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Avenue"},{"link_name":"Sixth Avenue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Avenue"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt19241210-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p1113431477-8"},{"link_name":"175th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/175th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"207th Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood%E2%80%93207th_Street_station"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt-1930-05-26-9"},{"link_name":"116th","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/116th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nyt-1930-08-24-10"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p1331181357-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p1125436641-13"},{"link_name":"Chambers Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambers_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"207th Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood%E2%80%93207th_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Opening-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-p1114839882-15"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Opening-14"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MTA-ReviewAC-2015-17"}],"text":"New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and BMT.[4][5] On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line.[6] This line consisted of a corridor connecting Inwood, Manhattan, to Downtown Brooklyn, running largely under Eighth Avenue but also paralleling Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan.[6][7] The BOT announced a list of stations on the new line in February 1928, with a station at Thayer Street (one block southwest of Dyckman Street).[8]The finishes at the five stations between 175th and 207th Street, including the Dyckman Street station, were 18 percent completed by May 1930.[9] By that August, the BOT reported that the Eighth Avenue Line was nearly completed and that the stations from 116th to 207th Street were 99.9 percent completed.[10] The entire line was completed by September 1931, except for the installation of turnstiles.[11] A preview event for the new subway was hosted on September 8, 1932, two days before the official opening.[12][13] The Dyckman Street station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street.[14][15] Construction of the whole line cost $191.2 million. Service at this station was provided with express service from its onset.[14]Dyckman Street was formerly named Dyckman Street–200th Street despite Manhattan never having a street numbered 200th.[16]The station was planned to be rehabilitated as part of the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program.[17]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IND_Dyckman_Street_Underpass.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dyckman_St_Bway_Riverside_Dr_td_(2019-04-27)_09_-_IND.jpg"},{"link_name":"Fort Tryon Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Park"},{"link_name":"side platforms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_platform"},{"link_name":"207th Street terminal station","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/207th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"207th Street Yard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/207th_Street_Yard"},{"link_name":"diamond crossovers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_crossover"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tracks2-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"sans-serif","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans-serif"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"}],"text":"Station underpassEntrance in front of Fort Tryon ParkThere are four tracks and two side platforms, much like a typical local station in the subway system. The two outer tracks lead to the 207th Street terminal station while the two center tracks lead to the 207th Street Yard. The two center tracks merge with the two outer tracks south of this station and there are diamond crossovers between all four tracks to the north. They can be used for train storage, reroutes, or emergencies. During the morning rush hour, some northbound A trains terminate here before being taken out of service to the yard by switching to the center tracks north of this station.[18][19]Both platform walls have no trim line, but there are mosaic name tablets reading \"DYCKMAN–200TH ST.\" in white sans-serif lettering on a maroon background and black border. Small \"200\" tile captions in white numbering on a black background run along the walls between the name tablets. Yellow I-beam columns run along both platforms at regular intervals, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate in white lettering, reading \"Dyckman Street\".[20] A few column signs still read \"200\".[21] There is an underpass connecting the platforms.[22][23]","title":"Station layout"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fare control","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fare_control"},{"link_name":"turnstile","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnstile"},{"link_name":"Riverside Drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)"},{"link_name":"Fort Tryon Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Park"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MTAMaps-Inwood-2015-24"},{"link_name":"Inwood–207th Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood%E2%80%93207th_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)"},{"link_name":"full height turnstiles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEET_turnstile"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MTAMaps-Inwood-2015-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"sub_title":"Exits","text":"Each platform has one same-level fare control area and there is a crossunder inside fare control. The southbound platform has the full-time turnstile bank and token booth. There are three street stairs here, two of which are built inside buildings and go up to the northwest corner of Broadway and Dyckman Street. The other stair goes up to the southwest corner of Broadway and Riverside Drive on the northern end of Fort Tryon Park.[24]Since Inwood–207th Street is the next and last stop on the line, this station's fare control on the northbound platform is exit only, containing just full height turnstiles and four staircases, two of which go up to the northeast corner of Broadway and Dyckman Street and the other two to the southeast corner.[24][25][26]","title":"Station layout"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dyckman Farmhouse Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyckman_House"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MTAMaps-Inwood-2015-24"},{"link_name":"Fort Tryon Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Tryon_Park"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MTAMaps-Inwood-2015-24"},{"link_name":"Inwood Hill Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-MTAMaps-Inwood-2015-24"}],"text":"Dyckman Farmhouse Museum[24]\nFort Tryon Park[24]\nInwood Hill Park[24]","title":"Nearby points of interest"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Station underpass","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/IND_Dyckman_Street_Underpass.jpg/250px-IND_Dyckman_Street_Underpass.jpg"},{"image_text":"Entrance in front of Fort Tryon Park","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Dyckman_St_Bway_Riverside_Dr_td_%282019-04-27%29_09_-_IND.jpg/250px-Dyckman_St_Bway_Riverside_Dr_td_%282019-04-27%29_09_-_IND.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Glossary\". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210226132855/http://web.mta.info/capital/sas_docs/sdeis/glossary.pdf","url_text":"Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS)"},{"url":"http://web.mta.info/capital/sas_docs/sdeis/glossary.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"List of the 28 Stations on the New 8th Av. Line\". The New York Times. September 10, 1932. p. 6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/09/10/100849595.html?pageNumber=6","url_text":"\"List of the 28 Stations on the New 8th Av. Line\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"\"Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)\". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.","urls":[{"url":"https://new.mta.info/document/137106","url_text":"\"Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority","url_text":"Metropolitan Transportation Authority"}]},{"reference":"\"Two Subway Routes Adopted by City\". The New York Times. August 4, 1923. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1923/08/04/archives/two-subway-routes-adopted-by-city-estimate-board-accepts-wash.html","url_text":"\"Two Subway Routes Adopted by City\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"\"Plans Now Ready to Start Subways\". The New York Times. March 12, 1924. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1924/03/12/archives/plans-now-ready-to-start-subways-commission-notifies-city-it-can.html","url_text":"\"Plans Now Ready to Start Subways\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"\"Hylan Subway Plan Links Four Boroughs at $450,000,000 Cost\". The New York Times. December 10, 1924. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1924/12/10/archives/hylan-subway-plan-links-four-boroughs-at-450000000-cost-manhattan.html","url_text":"\"Hylan Subway Plan Links Four Boroughs at $450,000,000 Cost\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180614021251/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/12/10/archives/hylan-subway-plan-links-four-boroughs-at-450000000-cost-manhattan.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Raskin, Joseph B. (2013). The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. New York, New York: Fordham University Press. doi:10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-82325-369-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=CUlGCgAAQBAJ","url_text":"The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5422%2Ffordham%2F9780823253692.001.0001","url_text":"10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82325-369-2","url_text":"978-0-82325-369-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Express and Local Stations For New Eighth Avenue Line\". New York Herald Tribune. February 5, 1928. p. B1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1113431477.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646","url_text":"1941-0646"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/1113431477","url_text":"1113431477"}]},{"reference":"\"Progress is Rapid on 8th Av. Subway; Board's Engineers Report Spurt in Building Is Likely to Open the Line in July, 1930\". The New York Times. May 26, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 29, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1930/05/26/archives/progress-is-rapid-on-8th-av-subway-boards-engineers-report-spurt-in.html","url_text":"\"Progress is Rapid on 8th Av. Subway; Board's Engineers Report Spurt in Building Is Likely to Open the Line in July, 1930\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"\"Eighth Av. Subway Nearly Completed; Basic Construction Work From Chambers to 207th St. Done Except on Few Short Stretches\". The New York Times. August 24, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 15, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1930/08/24/archives/eighth-av-subway-nearly-completed-basic-construction-work-from.html","url_text":"\"Eighth Av. Subway Nearly Completed; Basic Construction Work From Chambers to 207th St. Done Except on Few Short Stretches\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"}]},{"reference":"O'Brien, John C. (September 9, 1931). \"8th Ave. Line Being Rushed For Use Jan. 1: Turnstile Installation on Subway Begins Monday; Other Equipment Ready for Start of Train Service City Has Yet to Find Operating Company Transit Official on Trip, 207th to Canal Street, Inspects Finished Tube\". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1331181357.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646","url_text":"1941-0646"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/1331181357","url_text":"1331181357"}]},{"reference":"\"Sightseers Invade New Subway When Barricade Is lifted\". The New York Times. September 9, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/1932/09/09/archives/sightseers-invade-new-subway-when-barricade-is-lifted.html","url_text":"\"Sightseers Invade New Subway When Barricade Is lifted\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331","url_text":"0362-4331"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220701191612/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/09/09/archives/sightseers-invade-new-subway-when-barricade-is-lifted.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"8th Av. Subway Gets First 5c. by Woman's Error: She Peers Into a Station, Hears Train, Pays for Ride, but Is Day Too Early Preparing for Tomorrow's Rush on 8th Ave. Subway\". New York Herald Tribune. September 9, 1932. p. 1. ProQuest 1125436641.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/1125436641","url_text":"1125436641"}]},{"reference":"Crowell, Paul (September 10, 1932). \"Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped\" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/09/10/100849529.pdf","url_text":"\"Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"Sebring, Lewis B. (September 10, 1932). \"Midnight Jam Opens City's New Subway: Turnstiles Click Into Action at 12:01 A. M. as Throngs Battle for Places in 'First' Trains Boy, 7, Leads Rush At 42d St. Station City at Last Hails 8th Ave. Line After 7-Year Wait; Cars Bigger, Clean Transit Commissioner Officially Opening New Subway at Midnight\". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114839882.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1941-0646","url_text":"1941-0646"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest_(identifier)","url_text":"ProQuest"},{"url":"https://search.proquest.com/docview/1114839882","url_text":"1114839882"}]},{"reference":"\"200th Street, Manhattan-Bronx\". Forgotten New York. February 10, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2017. Presently, Manhattan numbered streets skip from West 196th to West 201st, and both of those streets go for one block or less. Manhattan has never had a 200th Street.","urls":[{"url":"http://forgotten-ny.com/2016/02/200th-street-manhattan-bronx/","url_text":"\"200th Street, Manhattan-Bronx\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgotten_New_York","url_text":"Forgotten New York"}]},{"reference":"Review of the A and C Lines (PDF) (Report). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 11, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200203061138/http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/pdf/AC_LineReview.pdf","url_text":"Review of the A and C Lines"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority","url_text":"Metropolitan Transportation Authority"},{"url":"http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/pdf/AC_LineReview.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Dougherty, Peter (2006) [2002]. Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006 (3rd ed.). Dougherty. OCLC 49777633 – via Google Books.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=VovXXwAACAAJ","url_text":"Tracks of the New York City Subway 2006"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49777633","url_text":"49777633"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books","url_text":"Google Books"}]},{"reference":"\"A Subway Timetable, Effective June 26, 2022\". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved August 26, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://new.mta.info/document/9466","url_text":"\"A Subway Timetable, Effective June 26, 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority","url_text":"Metropolitan Transportation Authority"}]},{"reference":"Cox, Jeremiah (March 7, 2013). \"A name tablet\". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://subwaynut.com/ind/dyckmana/dyckmana40.jpg","url_text":"\"A name tablet\""}]},{"reference":"Barnes, John (June 15, 2009). \"(One of?) the last 200 St. signs at Dyckman Street (Line A)- most have been removed\". nycsubway.org. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nycsubway.org/perl/show?101805","url_text":"\"(One of?) the last 200 St. signs at Dyckman Street (Line A)- most have been removed\""}]},{"reference":"Cox, Jeremiah (August 15, 2008). \"The underpass that has seen better days\". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://subwaynut.com/ind/dyckmana/dyckmana11.jpg","url_text":"\"The underpass that has seen better days\""}]},{"reference":"Cox, Jeremiah (March 7, 2013). \"The underpass and High Exit turnstiles from the uptown platform\". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://subwaynut.com/ind/dyckmana/dyckmana42.jpg","url_text":"\"The underpass and High Exit turnstiles from the uptown platform\""}]},{"reference":"\"MTA Neighborhood Maps: Inwood\" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/mn/M22_inwood_2015.pdf","url_text":"\"MTA Neighborhood Maps: Inwood\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority","url_text":"Metropolitan Transportation Authority"}]},{"reference":"Cox, Jeremiah (December 21, 2005). \"The Exit Only No Entry Staircase also has a chain and closed sign during the transit strike to try and prevent passengers from going down\". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://subwaynut.com/ind/dyckmana/dyckmana8.jpg","url_text":"\"The Exit Only No Entry Staircase also has a chain and closed sign during the transit strike to try and prevent passengers from going down\""}]},{"reference":"Cox, Jeremiah (August 15, 2008). \"The two exit only streetstairs (with red square Ms and normal globes) from the uptown platform\". subwaynut.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://subwaynut.com/ind/dyckmana/dyckmana18.jpg","url_text":"\"The two exit only streetstairs (with red square Ms and normal globes) from the uptown platform\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann_Company
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Ernst Thälmann Company
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["1 In popular culture","2 References","3 Sources","4 Further reading"]
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Company of Yugoslav Partisans
Ernst Thalmann CompanyDie deutsche Partisanentruppe „Ernst Thälmann"
Nemačka Četa Ernest TelmanFlag of German MinorityActive15 August 1943 — Summer 1944DisbandedSummer 1944CountryIndependent State of CroatiaAllegianceYugoslav PartisansSize40Part ofPodravina DetachmentNickname(s)Red Company or TelmanovciCommandersFirst commanderRudolph VanpotićMilitary unit
The Ernst Thalmann Company (Serbo-Croatian: Nemačka Četa Ernest Telman, German: die deutsche Partisanentruppe „Ernst Thälmann") was a company within Yugoslav Partisans composed of ethnic Germans from Slavonia (then Independent State of Croatia, modern day Croatia). It belonged to the Podravina Detachment of Sixth Slavonian Corp of Yugoslav Partisans. The company was established on 15 August 1943 in Slatinski Drenovac, from the order of the Sixth Slavonian Corp and composed of 10 Germans, 5 of them being members of the Communist Party for many years. Its first commander was Rudolph Vanpotić. Initially it was composed of 40 soldiers, mostly of German ethnicity and a number of Serbs and Croats. The Ernst Thalmann Company was disestablished in Summer of 1944. This company was named after Ernst Thälmann, the leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during much of the Weimar Republic.
The intention of Partisan command was to mobilize as many young Germans as possible, to prevent their participation in Waffen-SS units and German police. The members of the company included several women of German ethnicity. The commanders of Telman Company were Germans who issued orders on German language hoisting national flag of German minority in Yugoslavia. The company was reinforced with squad of heavy machineguns.
In popular culture
The story of the company and its founding are a major plotline in the 2004 Croatian movie Long Dark Night directed by Antun Vrdoljak.
References
^ Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. 1978. p. 50. Dabei fiel mehr als die Hälfte der „Telmanovci" (Thälmänner)
^ (Terzić 1957, p. 500): "Tako su 15 avgusta, pored već postojećeg Čehoslovačkog bataljona, u sastavu Podravskog odreda, formirani mađarski bataljon »Šandor Petefi« i nemačka četa »Ernest Telman«. "
^ (Centar 1984, p. 341): "U 1. slavonskom odredu bilo ih je 2, u Drugom 4, a u 1. slavonskoj brigadi 1, pa je i to stanje u neku ruku poticalo slavonsko rukovodstvo da ustraje u svojim naporima privlačenja Nijemaca u redove NOP-a. Ideja je konačno realizirana 15. kolovoza 1943. godine. Tog dana naredbom17 Šestog slavonskog korpusa formirana je Njemačka četa »Ernst Thalmann«, sastava 10-ak boraca njemačke narodnosti, od kojih su petorica bili članovi KPJ s višegodišnjim partijskim stažom i ..."
^ (Vidović 1965, p. 253): " Istog dana kad je formiran mađarski bataljon u Slat. Drenovcu, od pripadnika njemačke nacionalne manjine, koji su se do tada nalazili u raznim slavonskim jedinicama, formirana je četa »Ernst Thalmann«. Za komandira čete određen je Rudolf Vanpotić, a za njegovog ..."
^ Vojni leksikon. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 853. ERNST TELMAN ČETA. formirana 15. VIII 1943. na Papuku od oko 40 pripadnika nemačke nacionalnosti i izvesnog broja Srba i Hrvata iz Slavonije, u sastavu Podravskog NOP odreda. Borci nemačke nacionalnosti nosili su, uz petotokratu zvezdu, i nacionalnu nemačku zastavu, a u četi se komandovalo na nemačkom jeziku.
^ Vojni leksikon. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 853. Rasformirana je u leto 1944.
^ Slavonije, Historijski institut (1974). Zbornik. p. 115. Namera Štaba 2. korpusa NOV i PO Hrvatske je bila da se što više mlađih pripadnika nemačke narodnosti uključi u četu »Ernest Telman« i druge jedinice NOVJ i tako spreči opšta mobilizacija Folksdojčera u Vafen-SS i nemačku policiju.
^ Slavonije, Slavonski Brod, Yugoslavia. Historijski institut (1967). Slavonija u narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi: Materijali naučnog skupa 25. i 26. novembra 1966. godine povodom 25-godišnjice ustanka. Historijski institut Slavonije. p. 113. U nesto manjem broju bilo je zena boraca i nje- macke narodnosti u njemackoj ceti »Ernst Thälmann«{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ (Petranović 1985, p. 200): "Formiraju se mađarski bataljon „Šandor Petefi“ i nemačka četa „Ernst Telman". Strane jedinice u sastavu NOVJ imale su svoj komandni kadar, nacinalnu zastavu i služile se svojim nacionalnim jezikom u vojnoj komunikaciji. "
^ (Boban 1976, p. 592): " »Ernst Thalmann« (ta je četa bila privremeno u sastavu naše brigade i kretala se na ovom terenu da bi narod tog kraja vidio kako u NOV postoje i nemačke partizanske jedinice; četa je formirana od pripadnika nemačke nacionalne manjine u Slavoniji). Četa je pojačana odeljenjem teških mitraljeza, i bila postavljena kao obezbeđenje prema Popovači, a jedan vod 2. bataljona prema Kutini."
Sources
Terzić, Velimir (1957). Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941-1945. Vojni istoriski Institut Jugoslovenske narodne armije.
Vidović, Gabro (1965). Među slavonskim partizanima. Epoha.
Centar (1984). Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje. Centar za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje.
Petranović, Branko (1985). Revolucije i pokreti otpora u Evropi: 1939-1945. Zavod za unapreduvanje na stopanstvoto vo SRM "Samoupravna praktika".
Boban, Ljubo (1976). Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik. Zajednica općina memorijalnog područja Kalnik.
Further reading
S. Hrečkovski, Njemačka četa Ernst Thalmann u jedinicama NOV i POJ u Slavoniji, Glas Slavonije od 15. VIII 1968
Redžić, Nail: Telmanovci: zapisi onjemačkoj partizanskojčeti"Ernst Telman“. (Telmanovci: Notizen über die deutsche Partisanentruppe „Ernst Thälmann“). Beograd 1984.
Die »Telmanovci« fochten unter Schwarz-Rot gold, Neus Deutschland, 30. XI 1965
Swartz-Rot Gold and der Titovka, Wochen post, 4 XII 1965
Požar, Petar - Njemci u partizanima, Fokus 5/1980
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Serbo-Croatian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language"},{"link_name":"German","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language"},{"link_name":"Yugoslav Partisans","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans"},{"link_name":"Independent State of Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Serbs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbs"},{"link_name":"Croats","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croats"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Ernst Thälmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Th%C3%A4lmann"},{"link_name":"Communist Party of Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany"},{"link_name":"Weimar Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_Republic"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Slavonije1974-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Slavonije1967-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Military unitThe Ernst Thalmann Company (Serbo-Croatian: Nemačka Četa Ernest Telman, German: die deutsche Partisanentruppe „Ernst Thälmann\") was a company within Yugoslav Partisans composed of ethnic Germans from Slavonia (then Independent State of Croatia, modern day Croatia). It belonged to the Podravina Detachment of Sixth Slavonian Corp of Yugoslav Partisans.[2] The company was established on 15 August 1943 in Slatinski Drenovac, from the order of the Sixth Slavonian Corp and composed of 10 Germans, 5 of them being members of the Communist Party for many years.[3] Its first commander was Rudolph Vanpotić.[4] Initially it was composed of 40 soldiers, mostly of German ethnicity and a number of Serbs and Croats.[5] The Ernst Thalmann Company was disestablished in Summer of 1944.[6] This company was named after Ernst Thälmann, the leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during much of the Weimar Republic.The intention of Partisan command was to mobilize as many young Germans as possible, to prevent their participation in Waffen-SS units and German police.[7] The members of the company included several women of German ethnicity.[8] The commanders of Telman Company were Germans who issued orders on German language hoisting national flag of German minority in Yugoslavia.[9] The company was reinforced with squad of heavy machineguns.[10]","title":"Ernst Thälmann Company"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Long Dark Night","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Dark_Night"},{"link_name":"Antun Vrdoljak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antun_Vrdoljak"}],"text":"The story of the company and its founding are a major plotline in the 2004 Croatian movie Long Dark Night directed by Antun Vrdoljak.","title":"In popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941-1945","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=2hVPAQAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"Među slavonskim partizanima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=O2F5AAAAIAAJ"},{"link_name":"Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=apcMAQAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"Revolucije i pokreti otpora u Evropi: 1939-1945","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=UYAcAAAAMAAJ"},{"link_name":"Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=zEwDAAAAMAAJ"}],"text":"Terzić, Velimir (1957). Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941-1945. Vojni istoriski Institut Jugoslovenske narodne armije.\nVidović, Gabro (1965). Među slavonskim partizanima. Epoha.\nCentar (1984). Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje. Centar za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje.\nPetranović, Branko (1985). Revolucije i pokreti otpora u Evropi: 1939-1945. Zavod za unapreduvanje na stopanstvoto vo SRM \"Samoupravna praktika\".\nBoban, Ljubo (1976). Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik. Zajednica općina memorijalnog područja Kalnik.","title":"Sources"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"S. Hrečkovski, Njemačka četa Ernst Thalmann u jedinicama NOV i POJ u Slavoniji, Glas Slavonije od 15. VIII 1968\nRedžić, Nail: Telmanovci: zapisi onjemačkoj partizanskojčeti\"Ernst Telman“. (Telmanovci: Notizen über die deutsche Partisanentruppe „Ernst Thälmann“). Beograd 1984.\nDie »Telmanovci« fochten unter Schwarz-Rot gold, Neus Deutschland, 30. XI 1965\nSwartz-Rot Gold and der Titovka, Wochen post, 4 XII 1965\nPožar, Petar - Njemci u partizanima, Fokus 5/1980","title":"Further reading"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. 1978. p. 50. Dabei fiel mehr als die Hälfte der „Telmanovci\" (Thälmänner)","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=NKdmAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft"}]},{"reference":"Vojni leksikon. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 853. ERNST TELMAN ČETA. formirana 15. VIII 1943. na Papuku od oko 40 pripadnika nemačke nacionalnosti i izvesnog broja Srba i Hrvata iz Slavonije, u sastavu Podravskog NOP odreda. Borci nemačke nacionalnosti nosili su, uz petotokratu zvezdu, i nacionalnu nemačku zastavu, a u četi se komandovalo na nemačkom jeziku.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMgAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Vojni leksikon"}]},{"reference":"Vojni leksikon. Vojnoizdavački zavod. 1981. p. 853. Rasformirana je u leto 1944.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMgAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Vojni leksikon"}]},{"reference":"Slavonije, Historijski institut (1974). Zbornik. p. 115. Namera Štaba 2. korpusa NOV i PO Hrvatske je bila da se što više mlađih pripadnika nemačke narodnosti uključi u četu »Ernest Telman« i druge jedinice NOVJ i tako spreči opšta mobilizacija Folksdojčera u Vafen-SS i nemačku policiju.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zAAQAQAAMAAJ","url_text":"Zbornik"}]},{"reference":"Slavonije, Slavonski Brod, Yugoslavia. Historijski institut (1967). Slavonija u narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi: Materijali naučnog skupa 25. i 26. novembra 1966. godine povodom 25-godišnjice ustanka. Historijski institut Slavonije. p. 113. U nesto manjem broju bilo je zena boraca i nje- macke narodnosti u njemackoj ceti »Ernst Thälmann«","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Js14AAAAIAAJ","url_text":"Slavonija u narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi: Materijali naučnog skupa 25. i 26. novembra 1966. godine povodom 25-godišnjice ustanka"}]},{"reference":"Terzić, Velimir (1957). Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941-1945. Vojni istoriski Institut Jugoslovenske narodne armije.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=2hVPAQAAMAAJ","url_text":"Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941-1945"}]},{"reference":"Vidović, Gabro (1965). Među slavonskim partizanima. Epoha.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=O2F5AAAAIAAJ","url_text":"Među slavonskim partizanima"}]},{"reference":"Centar (1984). Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje. Centar za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=apcMAQAAMAAJ","url_text":"Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje"}]},{"reference":"Petranović, Branko (1985). Revolucije i pokreti otpora u Evropi: 1939-1945. Zavod za unapreduvanje na stopanstvoto vo SRM \"Samoupravna praktika\".","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAcAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Revolucije i pokreti otpora u Evropi: 1939-1945"}]},{"reference":"Boban, Ljubo (1976). Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik. Zajednica općina memorijalnog područja Kalnik.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zEwDAAAAMAAJ","url_text":"Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=NKdmAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMgAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Vojni leksikon"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMgAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Vojni leksikon"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zAAQAQAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Zbornik"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Js14AAAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"Slavonija u narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi: Materijali naučnog skupa 25. i 26. novembra 1966. godine povodom 25-godišnjice ustanka"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=2hVPAQAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Oslobodilacki rat naroda Jugoslavije 1941-1945"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=O2F5AAAAIAAJ","external_links_name":"Među slavonskim partizanima"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=apcMAQAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Zbornik Centra za drustvena istrazivanja Slavonije i Baranje"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAcAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Revolucije i pokreti otpora u Evropi: 1939-1945"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zEwDAAAAMAAJ","external_links_name":"Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska u NOB-u i socijalističkoj revoluciji: zbornik"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfik_Toubi
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Tawfik Toubi
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["1 Biography","2 Legacy","3 Distinctions","4 References","5 Bibliography","6 External links"]
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Israeli Arab politician (1922–2011)
Tawfik ToubiFaction represented in the Knesset1949–1965Maki1965–1977Rakah1977–1990Hadash
Personal detailsBorn11 May 1922Haifa, Mandatory PalestineDied12 March 2011(2011-03-12) (aged 88)Haifa, Israel
Tawfik Toubi in the Israeli Knesset (Parliament), here seen on the left
Tawfik Toubi in the Israeli Knesset (Parliament)
Tawfik Toubi (Arabic: توفيق طوبي, Hebrew: תופיק טובי, 11 May 1922 – 12 March 2011) was an Israeli Arab communist politician. He was the last surviving member of the first Knesset. Tawfik Toubi was married to Olga Touma and one of his sons, Elias Toubi, studied medicine in Leningrad. He is also the second longest-serving Knesset member of all time, over 41 years of office, all consecutive.
Land Day 1988, speech of Tawfik Toubi, Deputy-Secretary of the Hadash party, in the Public Rally Marking Land Day in Sakhneen.
Biography
Toubi was born in Haifa to an Arab Orthodox family in 1922, he is the son of Elias and Alice (born Khoury). and was educated at the Mount Zion School in Jerusalem. He joined the Palestine Communist Party in 1941 and later was one of the founders of the League for National Liberation, which originally opposed partition of Palestine but later came to accept it, after the Soviet Union indicated that it would support partition. He was elected to the Knesset in Israel's first elections in 1949 as a member of Maki. He was re-elected in 1951, 1955, 1959 and 1961. In 1965 he was involved in a breakaway from Maki to form Rakah, and was voted back into the Knesset on the new party's list later in the same year. In 1976, he was elected deputy secretary general of the new Hadash party, an alliance of Rakah and several other smaller left-wing and Israeli Arab parties. He served as Hadash's secretary-general from 1989 to 1993, and was elected to the Knesset on Hadash's list in 1977, 1981, 1984 and 1988, before resigning from the Knesset in July 1990 and being replaced by Tamar Gozansky. Toubi was also publisher and editor of Arab language Communist paper Al Ittihad. He retired from the Knesset in 1990, after a 41-year tenure, and died on 12 March 2011, at age 88.
Tawfik Toubi at the Knesset Interior Committee meeting in Tel Aviv, September 1949
Legacy
Tawfik Toubi's house in Haifa.
Toubi is remembered as one of the two MKs (the other being Meir Vilner) who exposed the Kafr Qasim massacre, and is seen by the Israeli left as a fighter against racism. He is regarded as father of the 'state of all its citizens' formula, which he brought up when the Knesset debated the Basic Law in 1985. It now appears in the Meretz platform, and is supported by the left, the post-Zionists and all the Arab MKs. He is seen less favorably by the Israeli right, although he is remembered as more of a respected adversary than a militant anti-Zionist (such as Azmi Bishara).
In 1949, Israeli poet Nathan Alterman wrote:
Who is Tawfik Tubi? A Knesset member,
a Communist, an Arab who sits
in that House by full right...
That's democracy, not always easy,
but if we don't understand this part,
we haven't gotten anything at all.
Toubi raised the issue of the right of return for Palestinian refugees on at least two occasions in the Knesset. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he demanded that the inhabitants of al-Birwa be allowed to return to their homes, a request refused by David Ben-Gurion. After the 1967 war, he requested from Moshe Dayan that the inhabitants of Yalo be allowed to return to their homes, but it too was denied.
In 2012, the discourses and articles of Tawfik Toubi were published in Israel by his wife Olga and his son Elias. Tawfik Toubi is accepted, honored and rewarded by the Israeli establishment.
In 2011, Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin said:
Toubi was a valued and impressive parliamentarian that left his mark on the Israeli parliament. He was a member of a confronting movement but nevertheless insisted on respecting the rules of the game and knew how to apply them to himself in practice.
Distinctions
Ribbon bar
Country
Honour
Soviet Union
Order of Friendship of Peoples
References
^ http://allergists4israel.org/newsletters/2010-afi-12.pdf
^ "Knesset Members – Tawfik Toubi". Retrieved 26 September 2012.
^ "Last member of Israel's first Knesset dies at 89". Ha'aretz. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
^ {{Cite web
His only son, Elias Toby, is a professor of medicine, director of the Department of Immunology and Clinical Allergy at Bnei Zion Medical Center and director of the Italian Hospital in Haifa.
| last = Daves
| first = Bryan
| title = Tawfiq Tubi: Information and Much More from Answers.com
| work = Answers.com
| accessdate = 5 January 2008
| url = http://www.answers.com/topic/tawfiq-tubi
}}
^ Obituary of Tawfik Toubi Archived 17 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Independent, 29 March 2011
^ Gozansky, Tamar (30 October 2006). "From massacre to Lieberman". Ynet. Retrieved 5 January 2008.
^ Samet, Gideon. "The battle for a 'state of all its citizens'". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2008.
^ Hoffman, Gil (12 April 2007). "The rise of 'Bish-Arabism'". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 January 2008.
^ "The Head Heeb: The Arab Representatives: First Knesset". Retrieved 5 January 2008.
^ Kacowicz and Lutomski, 2007, p. 139.
^ Karmi, 1999, p. 87.
^ "העמוד לא נמצא | המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית".
^ "Last Member of Israel's First Knesset Dies at 89". Haaretz.
Bibliography
Karmi, Ghada (1999). The Palestinian Exodus, 1948–1998. University of London, Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law. Garnet & Ithaca Press. ISBN 0-86372-244-X.
Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (2007). Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739116074.
External links
Tawfik Toubi on the Knesset website
Tawfik Toubi's biography Knesset website (in English)
"Tawfiq Touby on The Kafr Qasem Massacre of 1956". Retrieved 5 January 2008.
Ben-Gurion and Tewfik Toubi Finally Meet (October 28, 1966)
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
Israel
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He was the last surviving member of the first Knesset. Tawfik Toubi was married to Olga Touma and one of his sons, Elias Toubi, studied medicine in Leningrad. He is also the second longest-serving Knesset member of all time, over 41 years of office, all consecutive. [1]Land Day 1988, speech of Tawfik Toubi, Deputy-Secretary of the Hadash party, in the Public Rally Marking Land Day in Sakhneen.","title":"Tawfik Toubi"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Haifa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa"},{"link_name":"Arab Orthodox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Orthodox"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Mount Zion School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Zion_School_(Jerusalem)&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jerusalem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem"},{"link_name":"Palestine Communist Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Communist_Party"},{"link_name":"League for National Liberation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=League_for_National_Liberation&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"partition of Palestine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Palestine"},{"link_name":"Soviet Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"},{"link_name":"Knesset","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset"},{"link_name":"Israel's first elections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Israeli_legislative_election"},{"link_name":"Maki","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki_(historical_political_party)"},{"link_name":"Rakah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki_(current_political_party)"},{"link_name":"Hadash","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadash"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Tamar Gozansky","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamar_Gozansky"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-daves-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internal_affairs_committee_in_session,_1949_D660-078.jpg"}],"text":"Toubi was born in Haifa to an Arab Orthodox family in 1922, he is the son of Elias and Alice (born Khoury). [2] and was educated at the Mount Zion School in Jerusalem. He joined the Palestine Communist Party in 1941 and later was one of the founders of the League for National Liberation, which originally opposed partition of Palestine but later came to accept it, after the Soviet Union indicated that it would support partition. He was elected to the Knesset in Israel's first elections in 1949 as a member of Maki. He was re-elected in 1951, 1955, 1959 and 1961. In 1965 he was involved in a breakaway from Maki to form Rakah, and was voted back into the Knesset on the new party's list later in the same year. In 1976, he was elected deputy secretary general of the new Hadash party, an alliance of Rakah and several other smaller left-wing and Israeli Arab parties. He served as Hadash's secretary-general from 1989 to 1993,[3] and was elected to the Knesset on Hadash's list in 1977, 1981, 1984 and 1988, before resigning from the Knesset in July 1990 and being replaced by Tamar Gozansky. Toubi was also publisher and editor of Arab language Communist paper Al Ittihad.[4] He retired from the Knesset in 1990, after a 41-year tenure, and died on 12 March 2011, at age 88.[5]Tawfik Toubi at the Knesset Interior Committee meeting in Tel Aviv, September 1949","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94..jpg"},{"link_name":"Meir Vilner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_Vilner"},{"link_name":"Kafr Qasim massacre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre"},{"link_name":"racism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gozansky-6"},{"link_name":"Basic Law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel"},{"link_name":"Meretz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meretz"},{"link_name":"post-Zionists","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Zionism"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-samet-7"},{"link_name":"anti-Zionist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Zionist"},{"link_name":"Azmi Bishara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azmi_Bishara"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hoffman-8"},{"link_name":"Nathan Alterman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Alterman"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-heeb-9"},{"link_name":"right of return","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return"},{"link_name":"Palestinian refugees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_refugees"},{"link_name":"1948 Arab-Israeli War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab-Israeli_War"},{"link_name":"al-Birwa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Birwa"},{"link_name":"David Ben-Gurion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kacowiczp139-10"},{"link_name":"1967 war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-day_War"},{"link_name":"Moshe Dayan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Dayan"},{"link_name":"Yalo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalo"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Karmip87-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Reuven Rivlin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"}],"text":"Tawfik Toubi's house in Haifa.Toubi is remembered as one of the two MKs (the other being Meir Vilner) who exposed the Kafr Qasim massacre, and is seen by the Israeli left as a fighter against racism.[6] He is regarded as father of the 'state of all its citizens' formula, which he brought up when the Knesset debated the Basic Law in 1985. It now appears in the Meretz platform, and is supported by the left, the post-Zionists and all the Arab MKs.[7] He is seen less favorably by the Israeli right, although he is remembered as more of a respected adversary than a militant anti-Zionist (such as Azmi Bishara).[8]In 1949, Israeli poet Nathan Alterman wrote:Who is Tawfik Tubi? A Knesset member,\na Communist, an Arab who sits\nin that House by full right...\nThat's democracy, not always easy,\nbut if we don't understand this part,\nwe haven't gotten anything at all.[9]Toubi raised the issue of the right of return for Palestinian refugees on at least two occasions in the Knesset. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he demanded that the inhabitants of al-Birwa be allowed to return to their homes, a request refused by David Ben-Gurion.[10] After the 1967 war, he requested from Moshe Dayan that the inhabitants of Yalo be allowed to return to their homes, but it too was denied.[11]\nIn 2012, the discourses and articles of Tawfik Toubi were published in Israel by his wife Olga and his son Elias. Tawfik Toubi is accepted, honored and rewarded by the Israeli establishment.[12]In 2011, Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin said:Toubi was a valued and impressive parliamentarian that left his mark on the Israeli parliament. He was a member of a confronting movement but nevertheless insisted on respecting the rules of the game and knew how to apply them to himself in practice.[13]","title":"Legacy"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Distinctions"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Karmi, Ghada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghada_Karmi"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-86372-244-X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86372-244-X"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"9780739116074","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739116074"}],"text":"Karmi, Ghada (1999). The Palestinian Exodus, 1948–1998. University of London, Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law. Garnet & Ithaca Press. ISBN 0-86372-244-X.\nKacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (2007). Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739116074.","title":"Bibliography"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Tawfik Toubi in the Israeli Knesset (Parliament), here seen on the left","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tawfik_Toubi_in_the_israeli_knesset_left.jpg/220px-Tawfik_Toubi_in_the_israeli_knesset_left.jpg"},{"image_text":"Tawfik Toubi in the Israeli Knesset (Parliament)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tawfik_Toubi_Knesset.jpg/220px-Tawfik_Toubi_Knesset.jpg"},{"image_text":"Land Day 1988, speech of Tawfik Toubi, Deputy-Secretary of the Hadash party, in the Public Rally Marking Land Day in Sakhneen.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tawfik_Toubi_Speech.jpg/220px-Tawfik_Toubi_Speech.jpg"},{"image_text":"Tawfik Toubi at the Knesset Interior Committee meeting in Tel Aviv, September 1949","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Internal_affairs_committee_in_session%2C_1949_D660-078.jpg/220px-Internal_affairs_committee_in_session%2C_1949_D660-078.jpg"},{"image_text":"Tawfik Toubi's house in Haifa.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94..jpg/220px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94..jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Knesset Members – Tawfik Toubi\". Retrieved 26 September 2012.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?id=430","url_text":"\"Knesset Members – Tawfik Toubi\""}]},{"reference":"\"Last member of Israel's first Knesset dies at 89\". Ha'aretz. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/last-member-of-israel-s-first-knesset-dies-at-89-1.348876","url_text":"\"Last member of Israel's first Knesset dies at 89\""}]},{"reference":"Gozansky, Tamar (30 October 2006). \"From massacre to Lieberman\". Ynet. Retrieved 5 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3321341,00.html","url_text":"\"From massacre to Lieberman\""}]},{"reference":"Samet, Gideon. \"The battle for a 'state of all its citizens'\". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20101119172741/http://news.haaretz.co.il/hasen/pages/ShArtElection.jhtml?itemNo=249643&contrassID=28&subContrassID=3&sbSubContrassID=0","url_text":"\"The battle for a 'state of all its citizens'\""},{"url":"http://news.haaretz.co.il/hasen/pages/ShArtElection.jhtml?itemNo=249643&contrassID=28&subContrassID=3&sbSubContrassID=0","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Hoffman, Gil (12 April 2007). \"The rise of 'Bish-Arabism'\". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1176152783641&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull","url_text":"\"The rise of 'Bish-Arabism'\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Head Heeb: The Arab Representatives: First Knesset\". Retrieved 5 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/023085.html","url_text":"\"The Head Heeb: The Arab Representatives: First Knesset\""}]},{"reference":"\"העמוד לא נמצא | המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית\".","urls":[{"url":"http://maki.org.il/he/party/137-news/13555-2012-03-28-19-38-17","url_text":"\"העמוד לא נמצא | המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית\""}]},{"reference":"\"Last Member of Israel's First Knesset Dies at 89\". Haaretz.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.haaretz.com/2011-03-13/ty-article/last-member-of-israels-first-knesset-dies-at-89/0000017f-f48d-d487-abff-f7ff821a0000","url_text":"\"Last Member of Israel's First Knesset Dies at 89\""}]},{"reference":"Karmi, Ghada (1999). The Palestinian Exodus, 1948–1998. University of London, Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law. Garnet & Ithaca Press. ISBN 0-86372-244-X.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghada_Karmi","url_text":"Karmi, Ghada"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86372-244-X","url_text":"0-86372-244-X"}]},{"reference":"Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (2007). Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739116074.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739116074","url_text":"9780739116074"}]},{"reference":"\"Tawfiq Touby on The Kafr Qasem Massacre of 1956\". Retrieved 5 January 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.art.net/~samia/Fiftieth/witness/Tawfik%20","url_text":"\"Tawfiq Touby on The Kafr Qasem Massacre of 1956\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://allergists4israel.org/newsletters/2010-afi-12.pdf","external_links_name":"http://allergists4israel.org/newsletters/2010-afi-12.pdf"},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?id=430","external_links_name":"\"Knesset Members – Tawfik Toubi\""},{"Link":"http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/last-member-of-israel-s-first-knesset-dies-at-89-1.348876","external_links_name":"\"Last member of Israel's first Knesset dies at 89\""},{"Link":"http://www.answers.com/topic/tawfiq-tubi","external_links_name":"http://www.answers.com/topic/tawfiq-tubi"},{"Link":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tawfik-toubi-2255648.html","external_links_name":"Obituary of Tawfik Toubi"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161117123023/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/tawfik-toubi-2255648.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3321341,00.html","external_links_name":"\"From massacre to Lieberman\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20101119172741/http://news.haaretz.co.il/hasen/pages/ShArtElection.jhtml?itemNo=249643&contrassID=28&subContrassID=3&sbSubContrassID=0","external_links_name":"\"The battle for a 'state of all its citizens'\""},{"Link":"http://news.haaretz.co.il/hasen/pages/ShArtElection.jhtml?itemNo=249643&contrassID=28&subContrassID=3&sbSubContrassID=0","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1176152783641&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull","external_links_name":"\"The rise of 'Bish-Arabism'\""},{"Link":"http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/023085.html","external_links_name":"\"The Head Heeb: The Arab Representatives: First Knesset\""},{"Link":"http://maki.org.il/he/party/137-news/13555-2012-03-28-19-38-17","external_links_name":"\"העמוד לא נמצא | המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית\""},{"Link":"https://www.haaretz.com/2011-03-13/ty-article/last-member-of-israels-first-knesset-dies-at-89/0000017f-f48d-d487-abff-f7ff821a0000","external_links_name":"\"Last Member of Israel's First Knesset Dies at 89\""},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=430","external_links_name":"Tawfik Toubi"},{"Link":"https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/tubi_eng.htm","external_links_name":"Tawfik Toubi's biography"},{"Link":"http://www.art.net/~samia/Fiftieth/witness/Tawfik%20","external_links_name":"\"Tawfiq Touby on The Kafr Qasem Massacre of 1956\""},{"Link":"http://www.defeatist-diary.com/index.asp?p=lang_new10504&period=18/1/2011-25/3/2011","external_links_name":"Ben-Gurion and Tewfik Toubi Finally Meet (October 28, 1966)"},{"Link":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000369978528","external_links_name":"ISNI"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/234834772","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169419541","external_links_name":"France"},{"Link":"https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb169419541","external_links_name":"BnF data"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007304100305171","external_links_name":"Israel"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Try
|
Another Try
|
["1 Content","2 Music video","3 Critical reception","4 Chart performance","4.1 Year-end charts","5 References","6 External links"]
|
2008 single by Josh Turner featuring Trisha Yearwood"Another Try"Single by Josh Turner featuring Trisha Yearwoodfrom the album Everything Is Fine ReleasedJanuary 7, 2008 (2008-01-07)Recorded2007GenreCountryLength3:46LabelMCA NashvilleSongwriter(s)
Chris Stapleton
Jeremy Spillman
Producer(s)Frank RogersJosh Turner singles chronology
"Firecracker"(2007)
"Another Try"(2008)
"Everything Is Fine"(2008)
Trisha Yearwood singles chronology
"Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love"(2007)
"Another Try"(2008)
"This Is Me You're Talking To"(2008)
"Another Try" is a song written by Jeremy Spillman and Chris Stapleton, and recorded by American country music artist Josh Turner, featuring harmony vocals from Trisha Yearwood. It was released in January 2008 as the second single from Turner's album Everything Is Fine, and his eighth chart single overall. In addition, it is Yearwood's 37th single.
Content
"Another Try" is a ballad in which the narrator expresses his desire to undo his past actions in order to bring back a former lover who has left him. He begins by listing the mistakes that he has made, such as hiding his emotions ("all the things I felt and never shared") and "let her go without a fight". In the chorus, he elaborates on the central point by stating that, given the opportunity to reverse his mistakes, he would never let his lover go again.
Music video
A music video for the song was released in April 2008. Directed by Stephen Scott, the video alternates between two sets of footage. The first features Turner singing and playing acoustic guitar by himself in a room. The other set portrays a scene in which Turner, after discovering that his lover has left, drives off with a suitcase full of belongings, which he throws off a high bridge. This latter set of footage was filmed backwards (thus, the bridge scene comes first), illustrating the central character's desire to reverse time. Yearwood does not appear in the video. Scenes from the video were filmed in Franklin, Tennessee, primarily in the town's square.
Critical reception
The song received a "thumbs down" review from the country music site Engine 145. Reviewer Ben Cisneros thought that the production was "far too contrived", also saying that he did not consider the song suitable for a duet. His review praised Turner's and Yearwood's voices as well as the "pleasant, mysterious" first verse, but thought that the second verse failed to expand the concept of the first. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the song favorably in his review of Everything Is Fine, calling it a "moving duet" and saying that "Yearwood…adds exponentially to this song emotionally and texturally."
The song received a nomination for Vocal Event of the Year at the 44th Annual Academy of Country Music awards.
Chart performance
The song debuted at number 57 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated January 12, 2008.
Chart (2008)
Peakposition
US Billboard Hot 100
96
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)
15
Year-end charts
Chart (2008)
Position
US Country Songs (Billboard)
56
References
^ a b Paxman, Bob (2008-06-16). "Lessons Learned: Josh Turner's new video for "Another Try" sends a positive message about second chances". Country Weekly. 15 (12): 45.
^ Cisneros, Ben (2007-12-20). "Josh Turner - "Another Try"". Engine 145. Archived from the original on 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
^ Jurek, Thom. "Everything Is Fine review". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
^ "Josh Turner Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
^ "Josh Turner Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
^ "Best of 2008: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 2008. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
External links
Music Video at CMT
vteJosh TurnerDiscographyStudio albums
Long Black Train
Your Man
Everything Is Fine
Haywire
Punching Bag
Deep South
I Serve a Savior
Country State of Mind
Compilation albums
Icon
Icon 2
Greatest Hits
Notable singles
"Long Black Train"
"Your Man"
"Would You Go with Me"
"Me and God"
"Firecracker"
"Another Try"
"Everything Is Fine"
"Why Don't We Just Dance"
"All Over Me"
"I Wouldn't Be a Man"
"Time Is Love"
"Lay Low"
"Hometown Girl"
vteTrisha Yearwood singlesDiscographyTrisha Yearwood
"She's in Love with the Boy"
"Like We Never Had a Broken Heart"
"That's What I Like About You"
"The Woman Before Me"
Hearts in Armor
"Wrong Side of Memphis"
"Walkaway Joe" (featuring Don Henley)
"You Say You Will"
"Down on My Knees"
The Song Remembers When
"The Song Remembers When"
"Better Your Heart Than Mine"
Thinkin' About You
"XXX's and OOO's (An American Girl)"
"Thinkin' About You"
"You Can Sleep While I Drive"
"I Wanna Go Too Far"
"On a Bus to St. Cloud"
Everybody Knows
"Believe Me Baby (I Lied)"
"Everybody Knows"
"I Need You"
(Songbook) A Collection of Hits
"How Do I Live"
"In Another's Eyes" (with Garth Brooks)
"Perfect Love"
Where Your Road Leads
"There Goes My Baby"
"Where Your Road Leads" (with Garth Brooks)
"Powerful Thing"
"I'll Still Love You More"
Real Live Woman
"Real Live Woman"
"Where Are You Now"
Inside Out
"I Would've Loved You Anyway"
"Inside Out" (with Don Henley)
"I Don't Paint Myself into Corners"
Jasper County
"Georgia Rain"
"Trying to Love You"
Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love
"Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love"
"This Is Me You're Talking To"
"They Call It Falling for a Reason"
PrizeFighter: Hit After Hit
"PrizeFighter"
Every Girl
"Every Girl in This Town"
Guest singles
"Squeeze Me In" (with Garth Brooks)
"Love Will Always Win" (with Garth Brooks)
"Another Try" (with Josh Turner)
"Softly and Tenderly" (with Reba McEntire and Kelly Clarkson)
Other singles
"I Fall to Pieces" (with Aaron Neville)
"You're Where I Belong"
"Broken"
"Forever Country" (with various artists)
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chris Stapleton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Stapleton"},{"link_name":"country music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music"},{"link_name":"Josh Turner","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Turner"},{"link_name":"Trisha Yearwood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisha_Yearwood"},{"link_name":"Everything Is Fine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_Is_Fine"}],"text":"\"Another Try\" is a song written by Jeremy Spillman and Chris Stapleton, and recorded by American country music artist Josh Turner, featuring harmony vocals from Trisha Yearwood. It was released in January 2008 as the second single from Turner's album Everything Is Fine, and his eighth chart single overall. In addition, it is Yearwood's 37th single.","title":"Another Try"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"ballad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballad"}],"text":"\"Another Try\" is a ballad in which the narrator expresses his desire to undo his past actions in order to bring back a former lover who has left him. He begins by listing the mistakes that he has made, such as hiding his emotions (\"all the things I felt and never shared\") and \"let[ting] her go without a fight\". In the chorus, he elaborates on the central point by stating that, given the opportunity to reverse his mistakes, he would never let his lover go again.","title":"Content"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"acoustic guitar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_guitar"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cw-1"},{"link_name":"Franklin, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cw-1"}],"text":"A music video for the song was released in April 2008. Directed by Stephen Scott, the video alternates between two sets of footage. The first features Turner singing and playing acoustic guitar by himself in a room. The other set portrays a scene in which Turner, after discovering that his lover has left, drives off with a suitcase full of belongings, which he throws off a high bridge. This latter set of footage was filmed backwards (thus, the bridge scene comes first), illustrating the central character's desire to reverse time.[1] Yearwood does not appear in the video. Scenes from the video were filmed in Franklin, Tennessee, primarily in the town's square.[1]","title":"Music video"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-engine145-2"},{"link_name":"Allmusic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmusic"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Academy of Country Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Country_Music"}],"text":"The song received a \"thumbs down\" review from the country music site Engine 145. Reviewer Ben Cisneros thought that the production was \"far too contrived\", also saying that he did not consider the song suitable for a duet. His review praised Turner's and Yearwood's voices as well as the \"pleasant, mysterious\" first verse, but thought that the second verse failed to expand the concept of the first.[2] Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the song favorably in his review of Everything Is Fine, calling it a \"moving duet\" and saying that \"Yearwood…adds exponentially to this song emotionally and texturally.\"[3]The song received a nomination for Vocal Event of the Year at the 44th Annual Academy of Country Music awards.","title":"Critical reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Hot Country Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Country_Songs"}],"text":"The song debuted at number 57 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated January 12, 2008.","title":"Chart performance"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Year-end charts","title":"Chart performance"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Paxman, Bob (2008-06-16). \"Lessons Learned: Josh Turner's new video for \"Another Try\" sends a positive message about second chances\". Country Weekly. 15 (12): 45.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Weekly","url_text":"Country Weekly"}]},{"reference":"Cisneros, Ben (2007-12-20). \"Josh Turner - \"Another Try\"\". Engine 145. Archived from the original on 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2008-10-26.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141218090736/http://www.engine145.com/josh-turner-featuring-trisha-yearwood-another-try/","url_text":"\"Josh Turner - \"Another Try\"\""},{"url":"http://www.engine145.com/josh-turner-featuring-trisha-yearwood-another-try/","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Jurek, Thom. \"Everything Is Fine review\". Allmusic. Retrieved 2008-11-30.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1215216","url_text":"\"Everything Is Fine review\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmusic","url_text":"Allmusic"}]},{"reference":"\"Best of 2008: Country Songs\". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 2008. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/hot-country-songs","url_text":"\"Best of 2008: Country Songs\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Global_Media","url_text":"Prometheus Global Media"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090106113840/http://billboard.com/","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141218090736/http://www.engine145.com/josh-turner-featuring-trisha-yearwood-another-try/","external_links_name":"\"Josh Turner - \"Another Try\"\""},{"Link":"http://www.engine145.com/josh-turner-featuring-trisha-yearwood-another-try/","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1215216","external_links_name":"\"Everything Is Fine review\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/Josh-Turner/chart-history/HSI","external_links_name":"\"Josh Turner Chart History (Hot 100)\""},{"Link":"https://www.billboard.com/artist/Josh-Turner/chart-history/CSI","external_links_name":"\"Josh Turner Chart History (Hot Country Songs)\""},{"Link":"http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/hot-country-songs","external_links_name":"\"Best of 2008: Country Songs\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090106113840/http://billboard.com/","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.cmt.com/videos/josh-turner/221516/another-try.jhtml","external_links_name":"Music Video"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EoN_Type_5_Olympia_4
|
EoN Olympia
|
["1 Design and development","2 Operational history","3 Variants","4 Specifications (Olympia 2)","5 See also","6 Notes","7 References","8 Further reading","9 External links"]
|
British single-seat glider, 1947
EoN Olympia
Olympia being bungee-launched at Camphill, Great Hucklow, Derbyshire
Role
GliderType of aircraft
Manufacturer
Elliotts of Newbury
Designer
Hans Jacobs
First flight
January 1947
Number built
150
The Eon Olympia was a glider produced from 1947 by Elliotts of Newbury.
Design and development
Elliotts had been asked in 1945 by Chilton Aircraft Ltd to make one set of wings for the Chilton Olympia, a glider that had been developed in pre-war Germany as the DFS Olympia Meise. This had been designed by Hans Jacobs and selected as the glider for the 1940 Summer Olympics. The German drawings were not detailed and so new drawings were made by Chilton which retained the Meise Olympia's aerodynamic shape. The wing redesign resulted in a stronger and heavier (+30 kg) aircraft. To maintain employment at their factory, Elliotts refused to sell the wing jigs that they had made for the prototype. Consequently, Chilton gave up all aircraft work, agreeing to sell to Elliotts the production rights, fuselage jigs, and work in hand on all Olympia gliders.
Production of the Olympia (originally called Type 5) started in 1946 as a batch of 100, and the first flight was made in January 1947. Elliotts and their design consultants Aviation & Engineering Products Ltd made improvements to the original design before starting production. Marks 1, 2 and 3 were produced, mainly distinguishable by the landing gear. The Mark 1 had only a skid whereas the Olympia 2 had a built-in main wheel. The Eon Olympia 3's wheel was jettisonable after takeoff. The first batch of 100 was completed in 1947 but the market could not absorb such a large number, despite the low price of £425. Even by 1953, 40 of the first 100 Olympias were still unsold. Nevertheless, a second batch of 50 was built. Gliders from the second batch were still being offered for sale for £800 as late as 1957 in order to clear the stock, despite being below cost price.
After building three marks of the Olympia, another improved version, called the EoN Olympia 4 was produced in 1954. This is regarded as being sufficiently different from the original as being a new type. This type in turn led to a succession of variants.
Operational history
On 24 August 1950 an Eon Olympia flown by Bill Bedford broke the British distance record by flying 310 km in 3:50 hr. On 2 May 1951 Bedford broke his record with a flight of 413 km from Farnborough to Newcastle. Olympias also broke height records on occasions, culminating in a flight by Gordon Rondel on 18 June 1960 in a thunderstorm to 9,321 m (30,580 ft) with gain of height of 8,870 m (29,100 ft), absolute National height and gain of height records. An example is now on display at the Gliding Heritage Centre.
Variants
Olympia 2 BBH/BGA834 at the Vintage Glider Rally at Camphill, 2011
Data from Ellison, 1971
EoN Type 5 Olympia 1
Improved Olympia-Meise. Landing skid.
EoN Type 5 Olympia 2
Fixed monowheel.
EoN Type 5 Olympia 3
Jestisonable dolly wheels and skid.
EoN Type 5 Olympia 4
New wing section, NACA 643618 at root, 643421 at tip
EoN Type 5 Olympia 401
Revised 4, with new nose and square-cut empennage. 180 mm (7 in) shorter.
EoN Type 5 Olympia 402
As 4, modified for 1956 World Gliding Championships with 17.0 m (55 ft 9 in) span.
EoN Type 6 Olympia 403
1957 development of Olympia 402, with strengthened and shortened fuselage (7.47 m (24 ft 6 in)). New fin and rudder, all-moving tailplane.
Eon Type 6 Olympia 415
1958 Standard class (15.0 m (49 ft 3 in)) span version of 419.
Eon Type 6 Olympia 419
Long span (18.9 m (62 ft 0 in)), long fuselage (7.77 m (25 ft 6 in)) version of 403.
Specifications (Olympia 2)
Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du MondeGeneral characteristics
Crew: 1
Length: 21 ft 8 in (6.61 m)
Wingspan: 49 ft 3 in (15 m)
Wing area: 160 sq ft (15 m2)
Aspect ratio: 15
Airfoil: root:Göttingen 549 (mod.), tip:Göttingen 676
Empty weight: 430 lb (195 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 670 lb (304 kg)
Performance
Stall speed: 31 mph (50 km/h, 27 kn)
Never exceed speed: 129 mph (208 km/h, 112 kn)
Rough air speed max: 128 km/h (79.5 mph; 69.1 kn)
Aerotow speed: 100 km/h (62.1 mph; 54.0 kn)
Winch launch speed: 100 km/h (62.1 mph; 54.0 kn)
Maximum glide ratio: ~25 at 72.5 km/h (45.0 mph; 39.1 kn)
Rate of sink: 132 ft/min (0.67 m/s) at 63 km/h (39.1 mph; 34.0 kn)
Wing loading: 4.1 lb/sq ft (20 kg/m2)
See also
Related development
DFS Olympia Meise
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Slingsby Skylark 2
Notes
^ Ellison, pp.110-114
^ Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.
References
Ellison, Norman (1971). British Gliders and Sailplanes. London: A & C Black Ltd. ISBN 0-7136-1189-8.
Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to EoN Olympia.
Michael Hardy, Gliders and Sailplanes of the World, Ian Allan, 1982, ISBN 0-7110-1152-4
Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1957). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59. London: Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd. p. 73.
External links
Technical details and three-view drawings Archived 3 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine at scalesoaring.co.uk
Detailed history at scalesoaring.co.uk
vteElliotts of Newbury (EoN) aircraft
Type 4 Newbury EoN. 1
Type 5 Olympia 1
Type 5 Olympia 2
Type 5 Olympia 3
Type 5 Olympia 4
Type 5 Olympia 401
Type 5 Olympia 402
Type 6 Olympia 403
Type 6 Olympia 415
Type 6 Olympia 419
Type 7 SG 38 Primary
Type 8 Baby Eon
EoN Type 9 K-1
Type 10 EoN 460
Type 10 Eon 463
Type 10 Eon 465
EoN Target
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"glider","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glider_(sailplane)"},{"link_name":"Elliotts of Newbury","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliotts_of_Newbury"}],"text":"The Eon Olympia was a glider produced from 1947 by Elliotts of Newbury.","title":"EoN Olympia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chilton Aircraft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilton_Aircraft"},{"link_name":"DFS Olympia Meise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFS_Olympia_Meise"},{"link_name":"Hans Jacobs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Jacobs"},{"link_name":"1940 Summer Olympics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Summer_Olympics"}],"text":"Elliotts had been asked in 1945 by Chilton Aircraft Ltd to make one set of wings for the Chilton Olympia, a glider that had been developed in pre-war Germany as the DFS Olympia Meise. This had been designed by Hans Jacobs and selected as the glider for the 1940 Summer Olympics. The German drawings were not detailed and so new drawings were made by Chilton which retained the Meise Olympia's aerodynamic shape. The wing redesign resulted in a stronger and heavier (+30 kg) aircraft. To maintain employment at their factory, Elliotts refused to sell the wing jigs that they had made for the prototype. Consequently, Chilton gave up all aircraft work, agreeing to sell to Elliotts the production rights, fuselage jigs, and work in hand on all Olympia gliders.Production of the Olympia (originally called Type 5) started in 1946 as a batch of 100, and the first flight was made in January 1947. Elliotts and their design consultants Aviation & Engineering Products Ltd made improvements to the original design before starting production. Marks 1, 2 and 3 were produced, mainly distinguishable by the landing gear. The Mark 1 had only a skid whereas the Olympia 2 had a built-in main wheel. The Eon Olympia 3's wheel was jettisonable after takeoff. The first batch of 100 was completed in 1947 but the market could not absorb such a large number, despite the low price of £425. Even by 1953, 40 of the first 100 Olympias were still unsold. Nevertheless, a second batch of 50 was built. Gliders from the second batch were still being offered for sale for £800 as late as 1957 in order to clear the stock, despite being below cost price.After building three marks of the Olympia, another improved version, called the EoN Olympia 4 was produced in 1954. This is regarded as being sufficiently different from the original as being a new type. This type in turn led to a succession of variants.","title":"Design and development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bill Bedford","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Bedford"},{"link_name":"Gliding Heritage Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliding_Heritage_Centre"}],"text":"On 24 August 1950 an Eon Olympia flown by Bill Bedford broke the British distance record by flying 310 km in 3:50 hr. On 2 May 1951 Bedford broke his record with a flight of 413 km from Farnborough to Newcastle. Olympias also broke height records on occasions, culminating in a flight by Gordon Rondel on 18 June 1960 in a thunderstorm to 9,321 m (30,580 ft) with gain of height of 8,870 m (29,100 ft), absolute National height and gain of height records. An example is now on display at the Gliding Heritage Centre.","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Olympia-BBH.jpg"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Olympia-Meise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia-Meise"}],"text":"Olympia 2 BBH/BGA834 at the Vintage Glider Rally at Camphill, 2011Data from Ellison, 1971[1]EoN Type 5 Olympia 1\nImproved Olympia-Meise. Landing skid.\nEoN Type 5 Olympia 2\nFixed monowheel.\nEoN Type 5 Olympia 3\nJestisonable dolly wheels and skid.\nEoN Type 5 Olympia 4\nNew wing section, NACA 643618 at root, 643421 at tip\nEoN Type 5 Olympia 401\nRevised 4, with new nose and square-cut empennage. 180 mm (7 in) shorter.\nEoN Type 5 Olympia 402\nAs 4, modified for 1956 World Gliding Championships with 17.0 m (55 ft 9 in) span.\nEoN Type 6 Olympia 403\n1957 development of Olympia 402, with strengthened and shortened fuselage (7.47 m (24 ft 6 in)). New fin and rudder, all-moving tailplane.\nEon Type 6 Olympia 415\n1958 Standard class (15.0 m (49 ft 3 in)) span version of 419.\nEon Type 6 Olympia 419\nLong span (18.9 m (62 ft 0 in)), long fuselage (7.77 m (25 ft 6 in)) version of 403.","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Shenstone-2"},{"link_name":"Aspect ratio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)"},{"link_name":"Airfoil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil"},{"link_name":"Never exceed speed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds#VNE"}],"text":"Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde[2]General characteristicsCrew: 1\nLength: 21 ft 8 in (6.61 m)\nWingspan: 49 ft 3 in (15 m)\nWing area: 160 sq ft (15 m2)\nAspect ratio: 15\nAirfoil: root:Göttingen 549 (mod.), tip:Göttingen 676\nEmpty weight: 430 lb (195 kg)\nMax takeoff weight: 670 lb (304 kg)PerformanceStall speed: 31 mph (50 km/h, 27 kn)\nNever exceed speed: 129 mph (208 km/h, 112 kn) \nRough air speed max: 128 km/h (79.5 mph; 69.1 kn)\nAerotow speed: 100 km/h (62.1 mph; 54.0 kn)\nWinch launch speed: 100 km/h (62.1 mph; 54.0 kn)\nMaximum glide ratio: ~25 at 72.5 km/h (45.0 mph; 39.1 kn)\nRate of sink: 132 ft/min (0.67 m/s) at 63 km/h (39.1 mph; 34.0 kn)\nWing loading: 4.1 lb/sq ft (20 kg/m2)","title":"Specifications (Olympia 2)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Shenstone_2-0"}],"text":"^ Ellison, pp.110-114\n\n^ Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.","title":"Notes"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"EoN Olympia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EoN_Olympia"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7110-1152-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-1152-4"}],"text":"Wikimedia Commons has media related to EoN Olympia.Michael Hardy, Gliders and Sailplanes of the World, Ian Allan, 1982, ISBN 0-7110-1152-4\nBridgman, Leonard, ed. (1957). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59. London: Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd. p. 73.","title":"Further reading"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Olympia 2 BBH/BGA834 at the Vintage Glider Rally at Camphill, 2011","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Olympia-BBH.jpg/220px-Olympia-BBH.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"DFS Olympia Meise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFS_Olympia_Meise"},{"title":"Slingsby Skylark 2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingsby_Skylark_2"}]
|
[{"reference":"Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Ellison, Norman (1971). British Gliders and Sailplanes. London: A & C Black Ltd. ISBN 0-7136-1189-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-1189-8","url_text":"0-7136-1189-8"}]},{"reference":"Shenstone, B.S.; K.G. Wilkinson; Peter Brooks (1958). The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs dans Le Monde (in English, French, and German) (1st ed.). Zurich: Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol a Voile (OSTIV) and Schweizer Aero-Revue. pp. 91–94.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1957). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59. London: Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd. p. 73.","urls":[]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.scalesoaring.co.uk/RCSD/pdfs/Olympia/Pages%20from%20RCSD-2009-05.pdf","external_links_name":"Technical details and three-view drawings"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20111003082206/http://www.scalesoaring.co.uk/RCSD/pdfs/Olympia/Pages%20from%20RCSD-2009-05.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110924142007/http://www.scalesoaring.co.uk/VINTAGE/Documentation/Olympia/Olympia.html","external_links_name":"Detailed history"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamin%27_Demon
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Steamin' Demon
|
["1 Ride experience","2 History","3 References"]
|
Coordinates: 43°21′4.84″N 73°41′33.71″W / 43.3513444°N 73.6926972°W / 43.3513444; -73.6926972Steel roller coaster at Great Escape
Steamin' DemonSix Flags Great Escape and Hurricane HarborLocationSix Flags Great Escape and Hurricane HarborPark sectionGhosttownCoordinates43°21′4.84″N 73°41′33.71″W / 43.3513444°N 73.6926972°W / 43.3513444; -73.6926972StatusOperatingOpening dateMay 26, 1984General statisticsTypeSteelManufacturerArrow DynamicsLift/launch systemChain lift hillHeight95 ft (29 m)Length1,565 ft (477 m)Speed45 mph (72 km/h)Inversions3Duration37 secondsHeight restriction48 in (122 cm)TrainsSingle train with 7 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in 2 rows for a total of 28 riders per train.Steamin' Demon at RCDB
Steamin' Demon is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Escape and Hurricane Harbor in Queensbury, New York.
Ride experience
The ride is located at the front of the park in the Ghosttown area, although the theme of the coaster doesn't match the rest of the park section. The single blue train rides on orange and yellow rails with blue (formerly green) structural supports. The coaster features a single loop and a double corkscrew. The actual ride time is very short, as the roller coaster completes the 1,565 foot run in approximately 37 seconds. The ride only has the ability to run one 28 seat train due to lack of block brakes/sections.
The Steamin' Demon is an early Arrow Dynamics Corkscrew coaster, featuring a layout that was extremely common when originally designed. Many others similar to the Steamin' Demon have been dismantled over the years. The ride itself is rather rough, but it still attracts a regular stream of riders.
History
Steamin' Demon was the first major ride, and the first roller coaster, built after Storytown USA changed its name to the Great Escape. Previously, the coaster was located at Pontchartrain Beach and was named the Ragin’ Cajun.
Six Flags announced on March 3, 2016, that Steamin' Demon would be among several rides at various parks that would receive a virtual reality (VR) upgrade. Riders will have the option to wear Samsung Gear VR headsets, powered by Oculus, to create a 360-degree, 3D experience while riding. The illusion is themed to a fighter jet, where riders fly through a futuristic city as co-pilots battling alien invaders. The feature debuted on the coaster when it reopened in summer of 2016.
References
^ Geimann, Steve (May 17, 1984). "Parks switching gears to attract older crowds". Democrat and Chronicle. United Press International. Retrieved July 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Boxall, Andy (March 3, 2016). "Six Flags launches a virtual reality roller coaster". Digital Trends. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
vteSix Flags Great Escape and Hurricane HarborRoller coasters
Canyon Blaster
Comet
Flashback
Frankie's Mine Train
Steamin' Demon
Other attractions
Alpine Freefalls
Hurricane Harbor
Sasquatch
Six Flags Great Escape Lodge & Indoor Waterpark
Events
Fright Fest
Defunct
Alpine Bobsled
Holiday in the Park
Jumbo
Kidzopolis
Nightmare at Crack Axle Canyon
Rainbow
This article about an amusement ride or roller coaster is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
This Six Flags-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Geimann, Steve (May 17, 1984). \"Parks switching gears to attract older crowds\". Democrat and Chronicle. United Press International. Retrieved July 6, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54444496/parks-switching-gears-to-attract-older/","url_text":"\"Parks switching gears to attract older crowds\""}]},{"reference":"Boxall, Andy (March 3, 2016). \"Six Flags launches a virtual reality roller coaster\". Digital Trends. Retrieved March 17, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.digitaltrends.com/virtual-reality/samsung-six-flags-gear-vr-roller-coaster-news/","url_text":"\"Six Flags launches a virtual reality roller coaster\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Steamin%27_Demon¶ms=43_21_4.84_N_73_41_33.71_W_type:landmark_region:US-NY","external_links_name":"43°21′4.84″N 73°41′33.71″W / 43.3513444°N 73.6926972°W / 43.3513444; -73.6926972"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Steamin%27_Demon¶ms=43_21_4.84_N_73_41_33.71_W_type:landmark_region:US-NY","external_links_name":"43°21′4.84″N 73°41′33.71″W / 43.3513444°N 73.6926972°W / 43.3513444; -73.6926972"},{"Link":"https://rcdb.com/264.htm","external_links_name":"Steamin' Demon at RCDB"},{"Link":"https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54444496/parks-switching-gears-to-attract-older/","external_links_name":"\"Parks switching gears to attract older crowds\""},{"Link":"http://www.digitaltrends.com/virtual-reality/samsung-six-flags-gear-vr-roller-coaster-news/","external_links_name":"\"Six Flags launches a virtual reality roller coaster\""},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steamin%27_Demon&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steamin%27_Demon&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_(film)
|
Lorenzo (film)
|
["1 Plot","2 Production","3 Awards","4 References","5 External links"]
|
2004 American filmLorenzoDirected byMike GabrielWritten byMike GabrielStory byMike Gabriel Joe GrantProduced byBaker BloodworthMusic byJuan José Mosalini and Big Tango OrchestraProductioncompanyWalt Disney Feature AnimationDistributed byBuena Vista Pictures DistributionRelease dates
March 6, 2004 (2004-03-06) (Florida Film Festival)
May 28, 2004 (2004-05-28) (with Raising Helen)
Running time5 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish
Lorenzo is an American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation about a cat, Lorenzo, who is "dismayed to discover that his tail has developed a personality of its own". The short was directed by Mike Gabriel and produced by Baker Bloodworth. It premiered at the Florida Film Festival on March 6, 2004, and later appeared as a feature before the film Raising Helen, but it did not appear on the DVD release of the film. It is based on an original idea by Joe Grant, who started working on the film in 1949, but it was eventually shelved. It was later found along with Destino. The short was intended to be one of the segments for the proposed but ultimately abandoned Fantasia 2006. It was included on the Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection Blu-ray/DVD set released on August 18, 2015.
Plot
A cat named Lorenzo lounges on a cushion. A black cat passes by, and Lorenzo can't help but express his glee that the stray is missing her tail. Lorenzo flaunts his own luxurious backside accessory, and goads the cat with expansive displays of tailery. As Lorenzo laughs the black cat casts a hex, bringing Lorenzo's tail to energetic life. Lorenzo is little more than perturbed until the tail's incessant motion begins to take its toll. The pampered cat grows both exhausted and desperate, as it becomes apparent that even the most extreme measures (such as high voltage electrocution, drowning, and being run over by a train) will not quiet his tail. At junctures the black cat appears and offers Lorenzo a knife, his intentions clear. Lorenzo resists him just as strongly as he does his tail's advances. Lorenzo is however, finally driven to capitulate and severs his own glorious tail.
Production
Lorenzo is based on an original idea by Disney artist and writer, Joe Grant. He came up with the idea after he saw his cat dive into the middle of a fight between his two poodles. He wondered, what if that cat lost its tail? Grant began developing Lorenzo in 1949. It was written, designed and directed by Mike Gabriel, in collaboration with Grant. Don Hahn suggested Gabriel to use tango music as an inspiration when conceptualizing the film. In search for a tango music, he went to a Virgin Megastore, where he spent $346 of his own money buying 40 tango CDs. The first song he listened to—"Bordoneo y 900", performed by Juan José Mosalini and his Big Tango Orchestra—secured his attention and became the song he chose for the production. For the final film's score, the creators hired Mosalini and Big Tango Orchestra, who recorded in France a new version of "Bordoneo y 900". Baker Bloodworth produced the film, along with Roy E. Disney and Don Hahn who served as executive producers. Gabriel hand painted all of the short's backgrounds with Tempera paint on a black construction paper. A painterly renderer called Sable, created by Daniel Teece, was used to create 3D brush strokes on the backgrounds. Traditional animation and clean-up were done at the Paris-based division of Walt Disney Feature Animation, while all painting, digital work, and post-production were performed at the Burbank studio.
The short was developed as a potential segment for Fantasia 2006, the third installment following Fantasia and Fantasia 2000. After several years of funding and staff cutbacks at Walt Disney Feature Animation, the project was shelved by November 2003. In addition to Lorenzo, two other potential shorts that could be included in Fantasia 2006 were also completed before the projects cancellation – Destino and One by One – and were subsequently released as individual short films.
Awards
Lorenzo was nominated for the Academy Award for Short Film (Animated) at the 77th Academy Awards in 2005. The short won the 2005 Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject. It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2004.
References
^ a b c d e f g h i Desowitz, Bill (February 19, 2004). "New Disney Short Lorenzo to Premiere at Florida Film Fest 2004". Animation World Network. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ Desowitz, Bill (April 29, 2004). "Disney Attaches Lorenzo to Raising Helen". Animation World Network. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ a b c Solomon, Charles (May 10, 2005). "Joe Grant, 96; Disney Artist Helped Make Films That Became Classics". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ Hill, Jim (November 29, 2010). "Wanna learn more about Disney's "Musicana"? Then go pick up a copy of the "Fantasia" Blu-ray". Jim Hill Media. Archived from the original on December 16, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ Doty, Meriah (June 4, 2015). "'Frozen Fever' (and Easter Eggs!) Coming Soon on Disney Shorts Blu-ray (Exclusive)". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
^ Desowitz, Bill (April 15, 2004). "A Talk with Disney Legend Joe Grant". Animation World Network. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ a b Barbagallo, Ron (2004). "Lorenzo". Animation Art Convervation. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
^ a b Desowitz, Bill (March 23, 2004). "'Lorenzo': A 'Moving Painting' with a Wild Tail". Animation World Network. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
^ Marsh, Doug (May 16, 2008). "Newport Beach Film Festival Offers Rare Disney Shorts Served Up with Expert Commentary". LaughingPlace.com. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
^ a b c Hill, Media (April 8, 2004). "Why For?". Jim Hill Media. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
^ Street, Rita (February 25, 2005). "Mike Gabriel Talks Oscar Nominee Lorenzo". Animation Magazine. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ 2005|Oscars.org
^ Short Film Oscars:2005 Oscars
^ "32nd Annual Annie Nominations and Awards Recipients". Annie Awards. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
^ "ASIFA Animation Show of Shows Screening". Animation World Network. November 11, 2004. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
External links
Lorenzo at The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts
Lorenzo - director Mike Gabriel talks about the production design of his film Lorenzo
Lorenzo at IMDb
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Lorenzo (2004)
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War Is Over! Inspired by the Music of John & Yoko (2023)
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Walt Disney Feature Animation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios"},{"link_name":"Mike Gabriel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gabriel"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"Florida Film Festival","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Film_Festival"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"Raising Helen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_Helen"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Joe Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Grant"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LATJoeGrant96-3"},{"link_name":"Destino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destino"},{"link_name":"Fantasia 2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproduced_Disney_animated_shorts_and_feature_films#2006"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JHMMusicana-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"2004 American filmLorenzo is an American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation about a cat, Lorenzo, who is \"dismayed to discover that his tail has developed a personality of its own\". The short was directed by Mike Gabriel and produced by Baker Bloodworth.[1] It premiered at the Florida Film Festival on March 6, 2004,[1] and later appeared as a feature before the film Raising Helen,[2] but it did not appear on the DVD release of the film. It is based on an original idea by Joe Grant, who started working on the film in 1949, but it was eventually shelved.[3] It was later found along with Destino. The short was intended to be one of the segments for the proposed but ultimately abandoned Fantasia 2006.[4] It was included on the Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection Blu-ray/DVD set released on August 18, 2015.[5]","title":"Lorenzo (film)"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"A cat named Lorenzo lounges on a cushion. A black cat passes by, and Lorenzo can't help but express his glee that the stray is missing her tail. Lorenzo flaunts his own luxurious backside accessory, and goads the cat with expansive displays of tailery. As Lorenzo laughs the black cat casts a hex, bringing Lorenzo's tail to energetic life. Lorenzo is little more than perturbed until the tail's incessant motion begins to take its toll. The pampered cat grows both exhausted and desperate, as it becomes apparent that even the most extreme measures (such as high voltage electrocution, drowning, and being run over by a train) will not quiet his tail. At junctures the black cat appears and offers Lorenzo a knife, his intentions clear. Lorenzo resists him just as strongly as he does his tail's advances. Lorenzo is however, finally driven to capitulate and severs his own glorious tail.","title":"Plot"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Joe Grant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Grant"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNTalkGrant-6"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LATJoeGrant96-3"},{"link_name":"Mike Gabriel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gabriel"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LATJoeGrant96-3"},{"link_name":"Don Hahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Hahn"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AACLorenzo-7"},{"link_name":"Virgin Megastore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Megastores"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNWildTail-8"},{"link_name":"Juan José Mosalini","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Mosalini"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNWildTail-8"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AACLorenzo-7"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-LPRareDisneyShorts-9"},{"link_name":"Roy E. Disney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_E._Disney"},{"link_name":"Don Hahn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Hahn"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"Paris-based division","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation_studios_owned_by_The_Walt_Disney_Company#Disney_Animation_France"},{"link_name":"Walt Disney Feature Animation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios"},{"link_name":"Burbank studio","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(Burbank)#Animation_Building"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AWNFloridaFilmFestival-1"},{"link_name":"Fantasia 2006","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproduced_Disney_animated_shorts_and_feature_films#2006"},{"link_name":"Fantasia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)"},{"link_name":"Fantasia 2000","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_2000"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JHMWhyFor-10"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JHMWhyFor-10"},{"link_name":"Destino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destino"},{"link_name":"One by One","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_by_One_(2004_film)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-JHMWhyFor-10"}],"text":"Lorenzo is based on an original idea by Disney artist and writer, Joe Grant.[1] He came up with the idea after he saw his cat dive into the middle of a fight between his two poodles. He wondered, what if that cat lost its tail?[6] Grant began developing Lorenzo in 1949.[3] It was written, designed and directed by Mike Gabriel,[1] in collaboration with Grant.[3] Don Hahn suggested Gabriel to use tango music as an inspiration when conceptualizing the film.[7] In search for a tango music, he went to a Virgin Megastore, where he spent $346 of his own money buying 40 tango CDs.[8] The first song he listened to—\"Bordoneo y 900\", performed by Juan José Mosalini and his Big Tango Orchestra—secured his attention and became the song he chose for the production.[8] For the final film's score, the creators hired Mosalini and Big Tango Orchestra,[7] who recorded in France a new version of \"Bordoneo y 900\".[9] Baker Bloodworth produced the film, along with Roy E. Disney and Don Hahn who served as executive producers.[1] Gabriel hand painted all of the short's backgrounds with Tempera paint on a black construction paper.[1] A painterly renderer called Sable, created by Daniel Teece, was used to create 3D brush strokes on the backgrounds.[1] Traditional animation and clean-up were done at the Paris-based division of Walt Disney Feature Animation, while all painting, digital work, and post-production were performed at the Burbank studio.[1]The short was developed as a potential segment for Fantasia 2006, the third installment following Fantasia and Fantasia 2000.[10] After several years of funding and staff cutbacks at Walt Disney Feature Animation, the project was shelved by November 2003.[10] In addition to Lorenzo, two other potential shorts that could be included in Fantasia 2006 were also completed before the projects cancellation – Destino and One by One – and were subsequently released as individual short films.[10]","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Academy Award for Short Film (Animated)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film"},{"link_name":"77th Academy Awards","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AMGabrielTalks-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Subject"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Animation Show of Shows","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation_Show_of_Shows"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"Lorenzo was nominated for the Academy Award for Short Film (Animated) at the 77th Academy Awards in 2005.[11][12][13] The short won the 2005 Annie Award for Best Animated Short Subject.[14] It was included in the Animation Show of Shows in 2004.[15]","title":"Awards"}]
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[{"reference":"Desowitz, Bill (February 19, 2004). \"New Disney Short Lorenzo to Premiere at Florida Film Fest 2004\". Animation World Network. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.awn.com/news/new-disney-short-lorenzo-premiere-florida-film-fest-2004","url_text":"\"New Disney Short Lorenzo to Premiere at Florida Film Fest 2004\""}]},{"reference":"Desowitz, Bill (April 29, 2004). \"Disney Attaches Lorenzo to Raising Helen\". Animation World Network. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.awn.com/news/disney-attaches-lorenzo-raising-helen","url_text":"\"Disney Attaches Lorenzo to Raising Helen\""}]},{"reference":"Solomon, Charles (May 10, 2005). \"Joe Grant, 96; Disney Artist Helped Make Films That Became Classics\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.latimes.com/2005/may/10/local/me-grant10","url_text":"\"Joe Grant, 96; Disney Artist Helped Make Films That Became Classics\""}]},{"reference":"Hill, Jim (November 29, 2010). \"Wanna learn more about Disney's \"Musicana\"? Then go pick up a copy of the \"Fantasia\" Blu-ray\". Jim Hill Media. Archived from the original on December 16, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2010/11/29/disney_2700_s-musicana_3A00_-pick-up-a-copy-of-fantasia-blu-ray-to-learn-more-.aspx","url_text":"\"Wanna learn more about Disney's \"Musicana\"? Then go pick up a copy of the \"Fantasia\" Blu-ray\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20101216172857/http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2010/11/29/disney_2700_s-musicana_3A00_-pick-up-a-copy-of-fantasia-blu-ray-to-learn-more-.aspx","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Doty, Meriah (June 4, 2015). \"'Frozen Fever' (and Easter Eggs!) Coming Soon on Disney Shorts Blu-ray (Exclusive)\". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved June 5, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.yahoo.com/movies/frozen-fever-and-easter-eggs-coming-soon-on-120704200832.html","url_text":"\"'Frozen Fever' (and Easter Eggs!) Coming Soon on Disney Shorts Blu-ray (Exclusive)\""}]},{"reference":"Desowitz, Bill (April 15, 2004). \"A Talk with Disney Legend Joe Grant\". Animation World Network. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.awn.com/animationworld/talk-disney-legend-joe-grant","url_text":"\"A Talk with Disney Legend Joe Grant\""}]},{"reference":"Barbagallo, Ron (2004). \"Lorenzo\". Animation Art Convervation. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://animationartconservation.com/?c=art&p=lorenzo","url_text":"\"Lorenzo\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150202040217/http://animationartconservation.com/?c=art&p=lorenzo","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Desowitz, Bill (March 23, 2004). \"'Lorenzo': A 'Moving Painting' with a Wild Tail\". Animation World Network. Retrieved August 18, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.awn.com/animationworld/lorenzo-moving-painting-wild-tail","url_text":"\"'Lorenzo': A 'Moving Painting' with a Wild Tail\""}]},{"reference":"Marsh, Doug (May 16, 2008). \"Newport Beach Film Festival Offers Rare Disney Shorts Served Up with Expert Commentary\". LaughingPlace.com. Retrieved August 18, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.laughingplace.com/News-PID512150-512153.asp","url_text":"\"Newport Beach Film Festival Offers Rare Disney Shorts Served Up with Expert Commentary\""}]},{"reference":"Hill, Media (April 8, 2004). \"Why For?\". Jim Hill Media. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2004/04/09/315.aspx","url_text":"\"Why For?\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130310210225/http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2004/04/09/315.aspx","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Street, Rita (February 25, 2005). \"Mike Gabriel Talks Oscar Nominee Lorenzo\". Animation Magazine. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/mike-gabriel-talks-oscar-nominee-lorenzo/","url_text":"\"Mike Gabriel Talks Oscar Nominee Lorenzo\""}]},{"reference":"\"32nd Annual Annie Nominations and Awards Recipients\". Annie Awards. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://annieawards.org/32nd-annie-awards","url_text":"\"32nd Annual Annie Nominations and Awards Recipients\""}]},{"reference":"\"ASIFA Animation Show of Shows Screening\". Animation World Network. November 11, 2004. Retrieved May 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.awn.com/event/asifa-animation-show-shows-screening","url_text":"\"ASIFA Animation Show of Shows Screening\""}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charterhall
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RAF Charterhall
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["1 History","1.1 First World War","1.2 Second World War","2 Post RAF use","2.1 Motor Racing","2.2 Private Airstrip","3 See also","4 References","4.1 Citations","4.2 Bibliography","5 External links"]
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Former Royal Air Force base in the Borders of Scotland
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RAF Charterhall Greenlaw, Scottish Borders in ScotlandA disused runway of RAF Charterhall taken in 2007RAF CharterhallLocation within the Scottish BordersShow map of Scottish BordersRAF CharterhallRAF Charterhall (the United Kingdom)Show map of the United KingdomCoordinates55°42′25″N 2°22′34″W / 55.707°N 2.376°W / 55.707; -2.376TypeRoyal Air Force StationCodeKHArea143 hectaresSite informationOwnerAir MinistryOperatorRoyal Air ForceControlled byRAF Fighter Command* No. 9 Group RAF* No. 81 (OTU) Group RAFSite historyBuilt1917 (1917)1941/42Built byWW2: James Miller & Partners LtdIn use1917-1919 (1919) April 1942 – March 1946Battles/warsFirst World WarEuropean theatre of World War IIAirfield informationElevation112 metres (367 ft) AMSL
Runways
Direction
Length and surface
07/25
Tarmac
00/00
Tarmac
Royal Air Force Charterhall or more simply RAF Charterhall is a former Royal Air Force station located in the Scottish Borders and the historic county of Berwickshire between the village of Greenlaw and Duns. It was originally a First World War landing ground named Eccles Toft. The airfield was reconstructed in 1942 and was used mainly by No. 54 Operational Training Unit during Second World War. The RAF left in 1947 and the airfield was officially closed.
The location was then left for agricultural use before becoming a motor racing track in 1952. Various forms of motorsport took place at Charterhall, including Formula Two, Formula Libre and Formula Junior with drivers such as Jim Clark, Sir Jackie Stewart and Sir Stirling Moss all having competed there until motor racing ceased at the airfield in 1964. However, in the recent years, the Border Ecosse Car Club have organised the "Charterhall Stages Rally" at the airfield which also ceased in 2013.
The airfield is now sometimes used as a private airstrip, however it does not have any basic maintenance or refueling facilities and its use is very limited.
History
First World War
RAF Charterhall started as a first world war landing ground named RFC Eccles Tofts for No. 77 Squadron from at least the beginning of 1917. The squadron, who were based further north at Edinburgh, flew the Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c/d/e, B.E.12, R.E.8 reconnaissance aircraft, Airco DH.6 and Avro 504k. However, the airfield was not kept open for long and soon returned to its original state in 1919.
Second World War
The airfield was reconstructed during 1941 and opened on 30 April 1942. It was used initially for the short-term placement of trainees, one of the primary units based at Charterhall was No. 54 Operational Training Unit (OTU). The unit primarily carried out instruction on the Bristol Blenheim light bomber and the Bristol Beaufighter, some of these aircraft were fitted with aircraft interception radar (AI) and some Blenheims were dual control, these aircraft were used until 1944 when they were replaced gradually by the de Havilland Mosquito.
Many of the crews arriving at Charterhall were brought in mainly from the Commonwealth after passing their basic flying training instruction.
After No. 54 OTU left in November 1945 for RAF East Moor, a variety of fighter squadrons used the airfield flying the Supermarine Spitfires, North American Mustangs and the Gloster Meteor jet fighter before the RAF left in 1947 and closed the airfield.
As with many wartime training units, RAF Charterhall gained a reputation for having a high accident rate of the trainee crews that passed through there, suffering in the region of 2,000 accidents in 1942 alone, of which just under 200 would be fatal, earning the nickname "Slaughterhall. One such accident occurred on 8 January 1943, a Bristol Blenheim Mk V light bomber piloted by Australian Battle of Britain ace Richard Hillary, author of The Last Enemy, stalled and crashed near the runway when on approach. Hillary was retraining as a night fighter pilot after he recovered from severe burns to his face and hand after his Spitfire was shot down on 3 September 1940. Both Hillary and his observer Sergeant Wilfred Fison was killed.
The accident was probably the result of airframe ice accretion along with the difficulty the Hillary was having in controlling the aircraft due to his injuries.
A memorial to Richard Hillary, Wilfred Fison and everyone who died serving RAF Charterhall between May 1942 and May 1945 was unveiled on 6 November 2001 by the Duke of Kent.
The following units were here at some point:
No. 3 Armament Practice Station (November 1945 – March 1946 & November 1946 – March 1947)
No. 130 Squadron RAF (1945–46)
No. 165 Squadron RAF (1945–46)
No. 263 Squadron RAF (1946)
No. 303 Squadron RAF (1946)
A detachment of 770 Naval Air Squadron (1945)
A detachment of 772 Naval Air Squadron (1945 & 1946)
No. 2780 Squadron RAF Regiment
Post RAF use
The site was equipped with 2 runways during the Second World War with a third one planned but never completed. These, along with the taxiways remain relatively intact. The control tower has since been demolished but two of the original hangars still remain, although in a poor state of repair.
Motor Racing
Charterhall Circuit (1952-1964)
After the RAF left in 1947, the airfield was left mainly for use in agriculture until motor racing began with the first Formula Libre race hosted on 6 April 1952, a 2-mile long track was marked out on the land using parts of the old disused runway, making a very long straight which helped overtaking manoeuvres. However, at the time, the drivers reported that the circuit was quite bumpy, although it was better than other circuits south of the border at the time.
Motor Racing continued at the airfield for twelve years, hosting numerous Formula Two and Formula Libre races and being used as a test track for the Ecurie Ecosse team. Some well-known drivers who raced there includes Roy Salvadori, Giuseppe Farina and Jim Clark. Jim Clark would spend much of his racing career at Charterhall, the location where he won his first motor race, competing in 31 events. Motor Racing Events ceased at the airfield in 1964 when the Borders and District Motor Club began organising events at the new Ingliston Racing Circuit.
From 1986, the "Charterhall Stages Rally" was organised and held at the airfield by the Border Ecosse Car Club. This event was last held on 30 March 2013.
Private Airstrip
The site is still employed for minor civil use using a small unlicensed landing strip which is the most recently resurfaced part of runway 07/25. The other runway, 02/20, is unsuitable for use. Pilots landing at the airfield are also recommended to check the runway for livestock before landing as the site is also used for farming.
There is also no refueling or maintenance facilities at the site.
See also
List of former Royal Air Force stations
List of Royal Air Force Operational Training Units
References
Citations
^ a b Falconer 2012, p. 63.
^ a b "Charterhall circuit". The Racing Line. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ a b "End of an era for Charterhall circuit". The Berwickshire News. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ a b "Charterhall Airfield landing information". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
^ "The Borders – RAF Charterhall (Part 1)". 1 May 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
^ a b "Charterhall Airfield history". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
^ "RAF Charterhall airfield guide". UK Airfield Guide. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
^ "Richard Hillary Memorial information/history". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^ "Charterhall Richard Hillary crash". AviationSafetyNetwork. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 75.
^ Jefford 1988, p. 59.
^ Jefford 1988, p. 64.
^ Jefford 1988, p. 80.
^ Jefford 1988, p. 85.
^ Sturtivant & Ballance 1994, p. 88.
^ Sturtivant & Ballance 1994, p. 93.
^ "Charterhall Airfield Airfield Card". Retrieved 27 February 2019.
Bibliography
Falconer, J (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.
Jefford, C.G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
Sturtivant, R; Ballance, T (1994). The Squadrons of The Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-223-8.
Sturtivant, R; Hamlin, J; Halley, J (1997). Royal Air Force flying training and support units. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.
External links
Hillary Memorial photographs
vteBritish motor racing circuitsCurrent
Aintree
Anglesey
Brands Hatch
Cadwell Park
Castle Combe
Croft
Darley Moor
Donington Park
ExCel Arena
Goodwood
Knockhill
Llandow
Lydden
Mallory Park
Oliver's Mount
Oulton Park
Pembrey
Silverstone
Snetterton
Thruxton
Former
Battersea Park
Birmingham
Blandford
Boreham
Brooklands
Brough
Catterick
Charterhall
Crystal Palace
Davidstow
Debden
Elvington
Epynt
Fersfield
Full Sutton
Gamston
Gransden Lodge
Ibsley
Ingliston
Linton-on-Ouse
Longridge
Lulsgate
Ouston
Rockingham
Rufforth
Thornaby
Whitchurch
Proposed
Circuit of Wales
Lake Torrent
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Various forms of motorsport took place at Charterhall, including Formula Two, Formula Libre and Formula Junior with drivers such as Jim Clark, Sir Jackie Stewart and Sir Stirling Moss all having competed there until motor racing ceased at the airfield in 1964.[2] However, in the recent years, the Border Ecosse Car Club have organised the \"Charterhall Stages Rally\" at the airfield which also ceased in 2013.[3]The airfield is now sometimes used as a private airstrip, however it does not have any basic maintenance or refueling facilities and its use is very limited.[4]","title":"RAF Charterhall"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"first world war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"No. 77 Squadron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._77_Squadron_RAF"},{"link_name":"Edinburgh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh"},{"link_name":"Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c/d/e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_B.E.2"},{"link_name":"B.E.12","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_B.E.12"},{"link_name":"R.E.8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_R.E.8"},{"link_name":"reconnaissance aircraft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft"},{"link_name":"Airco DH.6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airco_DH.6"},{"link_name":"Avro 504k","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_504"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"sub_title":"First World War","text":"RAF Charterhall started as a first world war landing ground named RFC Eccles Tofts for No. 77 Squadron from at least the beginning of 1917. 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It was used initially for the short-term placement of trainees, one of the primary units based at Charterhall was No. 54 Operational Training Unit (OTU).[6] The unit primarily carried out instruction on the Bristol Blenheim light bomber and the Bristol Beaufighter, some of these aircraft were fitted with aircraft interception radar (AI) and some Blenheims were dual control, these aircraft were used until 1944 when they were replaced gradually by the de Havilland Mosquito.[7]Many of the crews arriving at Charterhall were brought in mainly from the Commonwealth after passing their basic flying training instruction.After No. 54 OTU left in November 1945 for RAF East Moor, a variety of fighter squadrons used the airfield flying the Supermarine Spitfires, North American Mustangs and the Gloster Meteor jet fighter before the RAF left in 1947 and closed the airfield.As with many wartime training units, RAF Charterhall gained a reputation for having a high accident rate of the trainee crews that passed through there, suffering in the region of 2,000 accidents in 1942 alone, of which just under 200 would be fatal, earning the nickname \"Slaughterhall. One such accident occurred on 8 January 1943, a Bristol Blenheim Mk V light bomber piloted by Australian Battle of Britain ace Richard Hillary, author of The Last Enemy, stalled and crashed near the runway when on approach. Hillary was retraining as a night fighter pilot after he recovered from severe burns to his face and hand after his Spitfire was shot down on 3 September 1940. Both Hillary and his observer Sergeant Wilfred Fison was killed.[8]The accident was probably the result of airframe ice accretion along with the difficulty the Hillary was having in controlling the aircraft due to his injuries.[9]A memorial to Richard Hillary, Wilfred Fison and everyone who died serving RAF Charterhall between May 1942 and May 1945 was unveiled on 6 November 2001 by the Duke of Kent.The following units were here at some point:No. 3 Armament Practice Station (November 1945 – March 1946 & November 1946 – March 1947)[10]\nNo. 130 Squadron RAF (1945–46)[11]\nNo. 165 Squadron RAF (1945–46)[12]\nNo. 263 Squadron RAF (1946)[13]\nNo. 303 Squadron RAF (1946)[14]\nA detachment of 770 Naval Air Squadron (1945)[15]\nA detachment of 772 Naval Air Squadron (1945 & 1946)[16]\nNo. 2780 Squadron RAF Regiment[6]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"control tower","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control"},{"link_name":"demolished","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition"},{"link_name":"hangars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangar"}],"text":"The site was equipped with 2 runways during the Second World War with a third one planned but never completed. These, along with the taxiways remain relatively intact. The control tower has since been demolished but two of the original hangars still remain, although in a poor state of repair.","title":"Post RAF use"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charterhall_circuit.png"},{"link_name":"Formula Libre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Libre"},{"link_name":"overtaking","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overtaking"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-2"},{"link_name":"Formula Two","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_Two"},{"link_name":"Ecurie Ecosse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecurie_Ecosse"},{"link_name":"Roy Salvadori","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Salvadori"},{"link_name":"Giuseppe Farina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Farina"},{"link_name":"Jim Clark","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Clark"},{"link_name":"Ingliston Racing Circuit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingliston_Racing_Circuit"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-3"}],"sub_title":"Motor Racing","text":"Charterhall Circuit (1952-1964)After the RAF left in 1947, the airfield was left mainly for use in agriculture until motor racing began with the first Formula Libre race hosted on 6 April 1952, a 2-mile long track was marked out on the land using parts of the old disused runway, making a very long straight which helped overtaking manoeuvres. However, at the time, the drivers reported that the circuit was quite bumpy, although it was better than other circuits south of the border at the time.[2]Motor Racing continued at the airfield for twelve years, hosting numerous Formula Two and Formula Libre races and being used as a test track for the Ecurie Ecosse team. Some well-known drivers who raced there includes Roy Salvadori, Giuseppe Farina and Jim Clark. Jim Clark would spend much of his racing career at Charterhall, the location where he won his first motor race, competing in 31 events. Motor Racing Events ceased at the airfield in 1964 when the Borders and District Motor Club began organising events at the new Ingliston Racing Circuit.From 1986, the \"Charterhall Stages Rally\" was organised and held at the airfield by the Border Ecosse Car Club. This event was last held on 30 March 2013.[3]","title":"Post RAF use"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"civil use","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_aviation"},{"link_name":"runway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runway"},{"link_name":"livestock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock"},{"link_name":"farming.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Card-17"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:2-4"}],"sub_title":"Private Airstrip","text":"The site is still employed for minor civil use using a small unlicensed landing strip which is the most recently resurfaced part of runway 07/25. The other runway, 02/20, is unsuitable for use. Pilots landing at the airfield are also recommended to check the runway for livestock before landing as the site is also used for farming.[17]There is also no refueling or maintenance facilities at the site.[4]","title":"Post RAF use"}]
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[{"image_text":"Charterhall Circuit (1952-1964)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Charterhall_circuit.png/250px-Charterhall_circuit.png"}]
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[{"title":"List of former Royal Air Force stations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_Royal_Air_Force_stations"},{"title":"List of Royal Air Force Operational Training Units","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Royal_Air_Force_Operational_Training_Units"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Charterhall circuit\". The Racing Line. Retrieved 30 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://theracingline.net/racingcircuits/archives/Charterhall/index.html","url_text":"\"Charterhall circuit\""}]},{"reference":"\"End of an era for Charterhall circuit\". The Berwickshire News. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.berwickshirenews.co.uk/sport/more-sport/end-of-an-era-for-charterhall-circuit-1-2862481","url_text":"\"End of an era for Charterhall circuit\""}]},{"reference":"\"Charterhall Airfield landing information\". Retrieved 30 September 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.mortonhall.co.uk/charterhall/charterhall-airfield/","url_text":"\"Charterhall Airfield landing information\""}]},{"reference":"\"The Borders – RAF Charterhall (Part 1)\". 1 May 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://aviationtrails.wordpress.com/2017/05/01/the-borders-raf-charterhall-part-1/","url_text":"\"The Borders – RAF Charterhall (Part 1)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Charterhall Airfield history\". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 28 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/charterhall-eccles-tofts/","url_text":"\"Charterhall Airfield history\""}]},{"reference":"\"RAF Charterhall airfield guide\". UK Airfield Guide. Retrieved 28 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ukairfieldguide.net/airfields/Charter-Hall","url_text":"\"RAF Charterhall airfield guide\""}]},{"reference":"\"Richard Hillary Memorial information/history\". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 2 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/greenlaw/memorial/index.html","url_text":"\"Richard Hillary Memorial information/history\""}]},{"reference":"\"Charterhall Richard Hillary crash\". AviationSafetyNetwork. Retrieved 2 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=74097","url_text":"\"Charterhall Richard Hillary crash\""}]},{"reference":"\"Charterhall Airfield Airfield Card\". Retrieved 27 February 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://airfieldcards.com/index.php?mi=714","url_text":"\"Charterhall Airfield Airfield Card\""}]},{"reference":"Falconer, J (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-349-5","url_text":"978-1-85780-349-5"}]},{"reference":"Jefford, C.G. (1988). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury","url_text":"Shrewsbury"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85310-053-6","url_text":"1-85310-053-6"}]},{"reference":"Sturtivant, R; Ballance, T (1994). The Squadrons of The Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-223-8.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonbridge","url_text":"Tonbridge"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent","url_text":"Kent"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85130-223-8","url_text":"0-85130-223-8"}]},{"reference":"Sturtivant, R; Hamlin, J; Halley, J (1997). Royal Air Force flying training and support units. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85130-252-1","url_text":"0-85130-252-1"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_LeQuia
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Joan LeQuia
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["1 Career","2 Personal life","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
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American baseball player
Baseball player
Joan LeQuiaAll-American Girls Professional Baseball League Third base / PitcherBorn: (1935-03-13) March 13, 1935 (age 89)Negaunee, MichiganBats: RightThrows: Right
Teams
Grand Rapids Chicks (1953)
Career highlights and awards
Women in Baseball – AAGPBL Permanent Display at Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (since 1988)
Joan LeQuia (later Barker; born March 13, 1935) is a former infielder and pitcher in All-American Girls Professional Baseball League who played for the Grand Rapids Chicks in its 1953 season. Listed at 5' 2, 120 lb., she batted and threw right handed.
Career
LeQuia began playing fast-pitch softball at the age of 14 years. She appeared for the Chicks in a few games during the first half of the season, when financial difficulties at home forced her to leave the league and never returned. She continued playing fast-pitch softball in the Marquette, Michigan area, leading her teams to two state championships over the years, while hitting a .390 batting average in her softball career.
LeQuia worked at AT&T Corporation for 36 years.
After retiring in 1989, LeQuia attended league reunions and baseball card shows to sign autographs. LeQuia is part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York opened in 1988, which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual figure.
Personal life
On March 13, 1935, LeQuia was born in Negaunee, Michigan. She was married in 1975.
See also
Woody English, coach
References
^ a b "Joan Barker". aagpbl.org. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
^ a b c Madden, W.C. The Women of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League: A Biographical Dictionary (2005). McFarland & Company; ISBN 9780786422630
^ Heaphy, Leslie A. & May, Mel Anthony (2006). McFarland & Company; ISBN 978-0-7864-2100-8
^ Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Official Website
External links
1953 Grand Rapids Chicks
vteAll-American Girls Professional Baseball LeagueTeams
Battle Creek Belles
Chicago Colleens
Fort Wayne Daisies
Grand Rapids Chicks
Kalamazoo Lassies
Kenosha Comets
Milwaukee Chicks
Minneapolis Millerettes
Muskegon Belles
Muskegon Lassies
Peoria Redwings
Racine Belles
Rockford Peaches
South Bend Blue Sox
Springfield Sallies
Seasons
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Awards and recognition
All-Star Team
Player of the Year
Batting records
Fielding records
Pitching records
Related articles
List of managers
List of players
Rules of play
A League of Their Own (film)
A League of Their Own (1993 TV series)
A League of Their Own (2022 TV series)
Bill Allington
Arthur Meyerhoff
Philip K. Wrigley
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"infielder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infielder"},{"link_name":"pitcher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcher"},{"link_name":"All-American Girls Professional Baseball League","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-American_Girls_Professional_Baseball_League"},{"link_name":"Grand Rapids Chicks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Chicks"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aagpbl_lequia-1"}],"text":"Baseball playerJoan LeQuia (later Barker; born March 13, 1935) is a former infielder and pitcher in All-American Girls Professional Baseball League who played for the Grand Rapids Chicks in its 1953 season. Listed at 5' 2, 120 lb., she batted and threw right handed.[1]","title":"Joan LeQuia"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"fast-pitch softball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast-pitch_softball"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BOOK-2"},{"link_name":"Marquette, Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan"},{"link_name":"batting average","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"AT&T Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BOOK-2"},{"link_name":"Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum"},{"link_name":"Cooperstown, New York","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"LeQuia began playing fast-pitch softball at the age of 14 years. She appeared for the Chicks in a few games during the first half of the season, when financial difficulties at home forced her to leave the league and never returned.[2] She continued playing fast-pitch softball in the Marquette, Michigan area, leading her teams to two state championships over the years, while hitting a .390 batting average in her softball career.[3]LeQuia worked at AT&T Corporation for 36 years. \nAfter retiring in 1989, LeQuia attended league reunions and baseball card shows to sign autographs.[2] LeQuia is part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York opened in 1988, which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual figure.[4]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Negaunee, Michigan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negaunee,_Michigan"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-aagpbl_lequia-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BOOK-2"}],"text":"On March 13, 1935, LeQuia was born in Negaunee, Michigan.[1] She was married in 1975.[2]","title":"Personal life"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Woody English","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_English"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Joan Barker\". aagpbl.org. Retrieved March 22, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.aagpbl.org/profiles/joan-lequia-barker/263","url_text":"\"Joan Barker\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.aagpbl.org/profiles/joan-lequia-barker/263","external_links_name":"\"Joan Barker\""},{"Link":"http://baseballhall.org/discover/league-of-women-ballplayers","external_links_name":"Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum Official Website"},{"Link":"http://www.aagpbl.org/teams/grand-rapids-chicks/1953","external_links_name":"1953 Grand Rapids Chicks"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapu-rapu_Island
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Rapu-rapu Island
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[]
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Coordinates: 13°12′10″N 124°8′22″E / 13.20278°N 124.13944°E / 13.20278; 124.13944Island in Albay, Philippines
For the town, see Rapu-Rapu.
Rapu-rapu IslandRapu-rapu IslandLocation within AlbayShow map of AlbayRapu-rapu IslandRapu-rapu Island (Luzon)Show map of LuzonRapu-rapu IslandRapu-rapu Island (Philippines)Show map of PhilippinesGeographyCoordinates13°12′10″N 124°8′22″E / 13.20278°N 124.13944°E / 13.20278; 124.13944Adjacent toAlbay GulfLagonoy GulfPhilippine SeaAdministrationPhilippinesRegionBicol RegionProvinceAlbayMunicipalityRapu-rapuDemographicsPopulation13,224 (as of 2020)Additional information
Rapu-rapu Island is an island in the Philippines comprising the municipality of Rapu-rapu in the province of Albay. The island is situated in Lagonoy Gulf.
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States
This article about a location in Bicol Region is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rapu-Rapu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapu-Rapu"},{"link_name":"Rapu-rapu","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapu-rapu"},{"link_name":"Albay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albay"},{"link_name":"Lagonoy Gulf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagonoy_Gulf"},{"link_name":"Authority control databases","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499556#identifiers"},{"link_name":"VIAF","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//viaf.org/viaf/229072112"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012006926"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ph_fil_bicol.png"},{"link_name":"Bicol Region","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicol_Region"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapu-rapu_Island&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BicolR-geo-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BicolR-geo-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BicolR-geo-stub"}],"text":"Island in Albay, PhilippinesFor the town, see Rapu-Rapu.Rapu-rapu Island is an island in the Philippines comprising the municipality of Rapu-rapu in the province of Albay. The island is situated in Lagonoy Gulf.Authority control databases International\nVIAF\nNational\nUnited StatesThis article about a location in Bicol Region is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Rapu-rapu Island"}]
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Technical_Institute
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Lincoln Tech
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["1 Accreditation","2 History","3 Campuses","3.1 Closed locations","4 Programs","5 Lawsuits and investigations","6 References","7 External links"]
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Coordinates: 40°47′43″N 74°15′33″W / 40.795263°N 74.259240°W / 40.795263; -74.259240This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: "Lincoln Tech" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Lincoln TechTypeFor-profitEstablished1946PresidentScott M. ShawNon-Executive ChairmanJ. Barry MorrowLocationParsippany, New Jersey, United StatesCampusMultiple campuses located in Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee and Texas.Websitewww.lincolntech.edu
Lincoln Tech is an American group of for-profit postsecondary vocational institutions headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey. Each campus is owned and operated by Lincoln Educational Services Corporation (Nasdaq: LINC), a provider of career-oriented post-secondary education.
As of March 31, 2019, Lincoln had 10,680 students enrolled at 22 campuses.
Accreditation
Lincoln schools are accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (ACCSC)
History
The founder and first president of Lincoln was J. Warren Davies. The first Lincoln Technical Institute was established in 1946 in Newark, New Jersey, to serve World War II veterans returning from overseas. At Lincoln, these veterans found training programs to help them learn career-specific skills, and transition into civilian careers in installation and servicing of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Automotive courses were added in 1948. Lincoln established traveling schools to offer NAPA-certified training, which certified over 11,000 mechanics between 1955 and 1965.
In 1969, Ryder acquired Lincoln Technical Institute and two other technical schools with campuses in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. By 1977, Lincoln Technical Institute had ten campuses in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington, D.C. Lincoln Technical Institute acquired court reporting school The Cittone Institute and its three campuses in 1994, leading the group to have 14 campuses by the school's 50th anniversary in 1996.
Stonington Partners and Hart Capital purchased Lincoln Technical Institute in 2000. The school continued expanding, acquiring Denver Automotive and Diesel College and Computer-Ed Business Institutes in 2001, Lincoln College of Technology in Nashville (previously the Nashville Auto-Diesel College) in 2003, and the Southwestern College of Business and New England Technical Institute in 2004.
Lincoln Educational Services Corporation made its initial public stock offering in 2005, trading on the NASDAQ under the symbol LINC. California Regent Richard C. Blum (Dianne Feinstein's husband) was a key investor, with $24,000,000 in stock.
Also in 2005, the group acquired the Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences. Further acquisitions include the Harrison Career Institute in 2007, Briarwood College in December 2008 and the Baran Institute of Technology schools (Baran Institute of Technology, Connecticut Culinary Institute, Americare School of Nursing, Engine City Technical Institute, and Clemens College) in 2009. Lincoln completed the purchase of Florida Medical Training Institute in 2012 and abruptly closed all campuses in 2014 without a teach-out.
In 2014, The New York Times reported that 50% of all Lincoln schools failed proposed gainful employment regulations. Sixty of Lincoln Tech's programs had passing rates, thirteen had "zone" rates, and five programs failed. Of the failing programs three have been closed and the remaining two are being taught-out.
In 2018, the Lincoln College of New England campus in Southington, Connecticut was closed.
Campuses
Lincoln Educational Services operates through the following brands: Lincoln Technical Institute, Lincoln College of Technology, Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences, and Lincoln Culinary Institute.
Headquarters: 200 Executive Drive, West Orange, NJ 07052 (Corporate Office – No classrooms at this location)
Lincoln Technical Institute:
New Britain, Connecticut
Shelton, Connecticut
Columbia, Maryland
Somerville, Massachusetts
Iselin, New Jersey
Mahwah, New Jersey
Moorestown, New Jersey
Paramus, New Jersey
South Plainfield, New Jersey
Union, New Jersey
Queens, New York City, New York
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lincoln, Rhode Island
Lincoln College of Technology:
East Windsor, Connecticut
Denver, Colorado
Marietta, Georgia
Melrose Park, Illinois
Indianapolis, Indiana
Grand Prairie, Texas
Nashville, Tennessee (formerly Nashville Auto Diesel College)
Lincoln Culinary Institute:
Shelton, Connecticut
Columbia, MD
Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences:
Las Vegas, Nevada
Closed locations
Lincoln College of New England: Southington, Connecticut (2018)
Programs
Lincoln Tech structures program offerings to provide students with a practical, career-oriented education and position for them for attractive entry-level job opportunities in their chosen fields. As of December 31, 2017, Lincoln Tech offers training in five program verticals; Automotive, Health Sciences, Skilled Trades, Hospitality Services, and Business/I.T. Twelve campuses offer training in five automotive fields, eleven campuses offer training in nine healthcare fields, thirteen campuses offer training in five skilled trade fields, three campuses offer training in five hospitality service fields, and seven campuses offer training in 6 business/IT fields.
Lawsuits and investigations
Lincoln Educational Services faced an investor lawsuit on behalf of those who purchased company stock between March 3, 2010, and August 5, 2010. The plaintiffs alleged that Lincoln Educational Services issued a series of materially false and misleading statements related to its business and operations in violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The case was dismissed by the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey in September 2011.
In 2013, USA Today, based on data from 2009 to 2010, called one of the company's 31 campuses a "Red Flag school", one which has "a higher loan default rate than graduation rate."
In October 2014, Massachusetts state attorney general Martha Coakley announced an investigation into Lincoln's for-profit schools in the state of Massachusetts.
In 2015, Lincoln Educational Services agreed to repay approximately $1 million to graduates of its criminal justice program in Somerville and Lowell, Massachusetts. The Massachusetts' Attorney General found that students were unable to find work in their fields of study, and the company included unrelated jobs in its placement data. According to the Boston Globe, "The school also allegedly told recruiters to 'establish unhappiness, create urgency,' and 'bring out the pain' to pressure prospective students to attend the school instead of military or community college. The for-profit school instructed recruiters to contact students at least seven times within the first three days to convince them to enroll."
In 2022, Lincoln Educational Services was one of 153 institutions included in student loan cancellation due to alleged fraud. The class action was brought by a group of more than 200,000 student borrowers, assisted by the Project on Predatory Student Lending, part of the Legal Services Center of Harvard Law School. A settlement was approved in August 2022, stating that the schools on the list were included "substantial misconduct by the listed schools, whether credibly alleged or in some instances proven." Lincoln Educational Services challenged the settlement. The Supreme Court rejected the challenge in April 2023.
References
^ "Lincoln Technical Institute Inc Corporate Office & Headquarters". Ecorporateoffices.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2019-05-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Lubanko, Matthew (November 5, 2004). "Deal signed to buy New England Technical Institute". Hartford Courant. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ "Billion Dollar Baby: The University of California invests $53 million in two diploma mills owned by a regent... Category: Page One from The Berkeley Daily Planet". Berkeleydailyplanet.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
^ "Lincoln Educational Services Corporation Announces the Acquisition of Baran Institute of Technology and Reports Record Year-End Enrollment". January 21, 2009.
^ "Medical school closes door before students can graduate".
^ "For–Profit Colleges, Failing the Test". The New York Times. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
^ "10K Reporting for Q4 2017". investors.lincolneducationalservices.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
^ "Lincoln Tech Campus Locations". lincolntech.edu. Lincoln Tech operates 23 campuses in 14 US States
^ "Lincoln Tech-Chicago campus in Melrose Park". Lincoln College of Technology. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
^ "10K SEC Filing Details". investors.lincolneducationalservices.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
^ "In re Lincoln Educational Services Corp. Securities Litigation. Civil Action No. 10-460 (SRC)". United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. September 6, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ Marklein, Mary Beth; Upton, Jodi; Kambhampati, Sandhya (July 2, 2013). "College default rates higher than grad rates". USA Today. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ Woolhouse, Megan (October 20, 2014). "For-profit colleges get harsh grades by former students". Boston Globe. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
^ "Two for-profit colleges settle lawsuit with attorney general for $2.3 million". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
^ "Government's Consolidated Opposition to Motions to Intervene" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-04-15.
^ Turner, Cory; Carrillo, Sequoia; Salhotra, Pooja (2022-08-05). "200k student borrowers are closer to getting their loans erased after judge's ruling". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
^ Hurley, Lawrence (2023-04-13). "Supreme Court allows $6 billion student loan debt settlement". NBC News. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
External links
Official website
40°47′43″N 74°15′33″W / 40.795263°N 74.259240°W / 40.795263; -74.259240
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"for-profit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For-profit_higher_education_in_the_United_States"},{"link_name":"postsecondary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postsecondary"},{"link_name":"vocational institutions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_school"},{"link_name":"Parsippany, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsippany,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Nasdaq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq"},{"link_name":"LINC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/linc"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"}],"text":"Lincoln Tech is an American group of for-profit postsecondary vocational institutions headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey.[1] Each campus is owned and operated by Lincoln Educational Services Corporation (Nasdaq: LINC), a provider of career-oriented post-secondary education.As of March 31, 2019, Lincoln had 10,680 students enrolled at 22 campuses.[2]","title":"Lincoln Tech"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accrediting_Commission_of_Career_Schools_and_Colleges"}],"text":"Lincoln schools are accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges (ACCSC)","title":"Accreditation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Newark, New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Ryder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryder"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Richard C. Blum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._Blum"},{"link_name":"Dianne Feinstein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Briarwood College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briarwood_College"},{"link_name":"Engine City Technical Institute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_City_Technical_Institute"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"New York Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-auto-2"}],"text":"The founder and first president of Lincoln was J. Warren Davies. The first Lincoln Technical Institute was established in 1946 in Newark, New Jersey, to serve World War II veterans returning from overseas. At Lincoln, these veterans found training programs to help them learn career-specific skills, and transition into civilian careers in installation and servicing of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Automotive courses were added in 1948. Lincoln established traveling schools to offer NAPA-certified training, which certified over 11,000 mechanics between 1955 and 1965.In 1969, Ryder acquired Lincoln Technical Institute and two other technical schools with campuses in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. By 1977, Lincoln Technical Institute had ten campuses in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington, D.C. Lincoln Technical Institute acquired court reporting school The Cittone Institute and its three campuses in 1994, leading the group to have 14 campuses by the school's 50th anniversary in 1996.Stonington Partners and Hart Capital purchased Lincoln Technical Institute in 2000. The school continued expanding, acquiring Denver Automotive and Diesel College and Computer-Ed Business Institutes in 2001, Lincoln College of Technology in Nashville (previously the Nashville Auto-Diesel College) in 2003, and the Southwestern College of Business and New England Technical Institute[3] in 2004.Lincoln Educational Services Corporation made its initial public stock offering in 2005, trading on the NASDAQ under the symbol LINC. California Regent Richard C. Blum (Dianne Feinstein's husband) was a key investor, with $24,000,000 in stock.[4]Also in 2005, the group acquired the Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences. Further acquisitions include the Harrison Career Institute in 2007, Briarwood College in December 2008 and the Baran Institute of Technology schools (Baran Institute of Technology, Connecticut Culinary Institute, Americare School of Nursing, Engine City Technical Institute, and Clemens College) in 2009. Lincoln completed the purchase of Florida Medical Training Institute in 2012 and abruptly closed all campuses in 2014 without a teach-out.[5][6]In 2014, The New York Times reported that 50% of all Lincoln schools failed proposed gainful employment regulations.[7] Sixty of Lincoln Tech's programs had passing rates, thirteen had \"zone\" rates, and five programs failed. Of the failing programs three have been closed and the remaining two are being taught-out.[8]In 2018, the Lincoln College of New England campus in Southington, Connecticut was closed.[2]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"New Britain","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Shelton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelton,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland"},{"link_name":"Maryland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland"},{"link_name":"Somerville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"Iselin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iselin,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Mahwah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahwah,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Moorestown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorestown,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Paramus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramus,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"South Plainfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Plainfield,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Township,_Union_County,_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"Queens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens,_New_York"},{"link_name":"Allentown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Philadelphia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"Lincoln","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln,_Rhode_Island"},{"link_name":"Rhode Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island"},{"link_name":"East Windsor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Windsor,_Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Connecticut","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut"},{"link_name":"Denver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver"},{"link_name":"Colorado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado"},{"link_name":"Marietta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marietta,_Georgia"},{"link_name":"Georgia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)"},{"link_name":"Melrose Park","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melrose_Park,_Illinois"},{"link_name":"Illinois","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Indianapolis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis"},{"link_name":"Indiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana"},{"link_name":"Grand Prairie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prairie,_Texas"},{"link_name":"Texas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas"},{"link_name":"Nashville, Tennessee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee"},{"link_name":"Las Vegas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas"}],"text":"Lincoln Educational Services operates through the following brands: Lincoln Technical Institute, Lincoln College of Technology, Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences, and Lincoln Culinary Institute.Headquarters: 200 Executive Drive, West Orange, NJ 07052 (Corporate Office – No classrooms at this location)[9]\nLincoln Technical Institute:New Britain, Connecticut\nShelton, Connecticut\nColumbia, Maryland\nSomerville, Massachusetts\nIselin, New Jersey\nMahwah, New Jersey\nMoorestown, New Jersey\nParamus, New Jersey\nSouth Plainfield, New Jersey\nUnion, New Jersey\nQueens, New York City, New York\nAllentown, Pennsylvania\nPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania\nLincoln, Rhode IslandLincoln College of Technology:East Windsor, Connecticut\nDenver, Colorado\nMarietta, Georgia\nMelrose Park, Illinois[10]\nIndianapolis, Indiana\nGrand Prairie, Texas\nNashville, Tennessee (formerly Nashville Auto Diesel College)Lincoln Culinary Institute:Shelton, Connecticut\nColumbia, MDEuphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences:Las Vegas, Nevada","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lincoln College of New England","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_College_of_New_England"},{"link_name":"Southington","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southington,_Connecticut"}],"sub_title":"Closed locations","text":"Lincoln College of New England: Southington, Connecticut (2018)","title":"Campuses"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[update]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Tech&action=edit"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"}],"text":"Lincoln Tech structures program offerings to provide students with a practical, career-oriented education and position for them for attractive entry-level job opportunities in their chosen fields. As of December 31, 2017[update],[11] Lincoln Tech offers training in five program verticals; Automotive, Health Sciences, Skilled Trades, Hospitality Services, and Business/I.T. Twelve campuses offer training in five automotive fields, eleven campuses offer training in nine healthcare fields, thirteen campuses offer training in five skilled trade fields, three campuses offer training in five hospitality service fields, and seven campuses offer training in 6 business/IT fields.","title":"Programs"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"United States District Court for the District of New Jersey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Jersey"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"USA Today","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Martha Coakley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Coakley"},{"link_name":"Massachusetts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Boston Globe","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Globe"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"}],"text":"Lincoln Educational Services faced an investor lawsuit on behalf of those who purchased company stock between March 3, 2010, and August 5, 2010. The plaintiffs alleged that Lincoln Educational Services issued a series of materially false and misleading statements related to its business and operations in violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The case was dismissed by the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey in September 2011.[12]In 2013, USA Today, based on data from 2009 to 2010, called one of the company's 31 campuses a \"Red Flag school\", one which has \"a higher loan default rate than graduation rate.\"[13]In October 2014, Massachusetts state attorney general Martha Coakley announced an investigation into Lincoln's for-profit schools in the state of Massachusetts.[14]In 2015, Lincoln Educational Services agreed to repay approximately $1 million to graduates of its criminal justice program in Somerville and Lowell, Massachusetts. The Massachusetts' Attorney General found that students were unable to find work in their fields of study, and the company included unrelated jobs in its placement data. According to the Boston Globe, \"The school also allegedly told recruiters to 'establish unhappiness, create urgency,' and 'bring out the pain' to pressure prospective students to attend the school instead of military or community college. The for-profit school instructed recruiters to contact students at least seven times within the first three days to convince them to enroll.\"[15]In 2022, Lincoln Educational Services was one of 153 institutions included in student loan cancellation due to alleged fraud. The class action was brought by a group of more than 200,000 student borrowers, assisted by the Project on Predatory Student Lending, part of the Legal Services Center of Harvard Law School. A settlement was approved in August 2022, stating that the schools on the list were included \"substantial misconduct by the listed schools, whether credibly alleged or in some instances proven.\"[16][17] Lincoln Educational Services challenged the settlement. The Supreme Court rejected the challenge in April 2023.[18]","title":"Lawsuits and investigations"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Lincoln Technical Institute Inc Corporate Office & Headquarters\". Ecorporateoffices.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://ecorporateoffices.com/LincolnTechnicalInstituteInc-972","url_text":"\"Lincoln Technical Institute Inc Corporate Office & Headquarters\""}]},{"reference":"\"Archived copy\". Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2019-05-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190514183134/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1286613/000114036119008948/form10q.htm","url_text":"\"Archived copy\""},{"url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1286613/000114036119008948/form10q.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Lubanko, Matthew (November 5, 2004). \"Deal signed to buy New England Technical Institute\". Hartford Courant. Retrieved January 6, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://articles.courant.com/2004-11-05/business/0411050463_1_lincoln-educational-services-trade-schools-west-orange","url_text":"\"Deal signed to buy New England Technical Institute\""}]},{"reference":"\"Billion Dollar Baby: The University of California invests $53 million in two diploma mills owned by a regent... Category: Page One from The Berkeley Daily Planet\". Berkeleydailyplanet.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2010-06-22/article/35661","url_text":"\"Billion Dollar Baby: The University of California invests $53 million in two diploma mills owned by a regent... Category: Page One from The Berkeley Daily Planet\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lincoln Educational Services Corporation Announces the Acquisition of Baran Institute of Technology and Reports Record Year-End Enrollment\". January 21, 2009.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.merionpartners.com/2009/01/21/lincoln-educational-services-corporation-announces-acquisition-baran-institute-technology-reports-record-year-end-enrollment/","url_text":"\"Lincoln Educational Services Corporation Announces the Acquisition of Baran Institute of Technology and Reports Record Year-End Enrollment\""}]},{"reference":"\"Medical school closes door before students can graduate\".","urls":[{"url":"https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/education/medical-school-closes-door-before-students-can-graduate/77-270433968","url_text":"\"Medical school closes door before students can graduate\""}]},{"reference":"\"For–Profit Colleges, Failing the Test\". The New York Times. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/03/upshot/100000002977650.mobile.html","url_text":"\"For–Profit Colleges, Failing the Test\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times","url_text":"The New York Times"}]},{"reference":"\"10K Reporting for Q4 2017\". investors.lincolneducationalservices.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://investors.lincolneducationalservices.com/sec-filings/sec-filing/10-k/0001140361-18-012880","url_text":"\"10K Reporting for Q4 2017\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lincoln Tech Campus Locations\". lincolntech.edu.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.lincolntech.edu/about/see-all-locations","url_text":"\"Lincoln Tech Campus Locations\""}]},{"reference":"\"Lincoln Tech-Chicago campus in Melrose Park\". Lincoln College of Technology. Retrieved 29 December 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.lincolnedu.com/campus/melrose-park-il","url_text":"\"Lincoln Tech-Chicago campus in Melrose Park\""}]},{"reference":"\"10K SEC Filing Details\". investors.lincolneducationalservices.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://investors.lincolneducationalservices.com/sec-filings/sec-filing/10-k/0001140361-18-012880/","url_text":"\"10K SEC Filing Details\""}]},{"reference":"\"In re Lincoln Educational Services Corp. Securities Litigation. Civil Action No. 10-460 (SRC)\". United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. September 6, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.leagle.com/decision/In%20FDCO%2020110906956.xml","url_text":"\"In re Lincoln Educational Services Corp. Securities Litigation. Civil Action No. 10-460 (SRC)\""}]},{"reference":"Marklein, Mary Beth; Upton, Jodi; Kambhampati, Sandhya (July 2, 2013). \"College default rates higher than grad rates\". USA Today. Retrieved January 6, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/02/college-default-rates-higher-than-grad-rates/2480295/","url_text":"\"College default rates higher than grad rates\""}]},{"reference":"Woolhouse, Megan (October 20, 2014). \"For-profit colleges get harsh grades by former students\". Boston Globe. Retrieved January 6, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/10/19/high-debt-unfulfilled-dreams/KuDKIWiyRO5E5HDpRpSLRO/story.html","url_text":"\"For-profit colleges get harsh grades by former students\""}]},{"reference":"\"Two for-profit colleges settle lawsuit with attorney general for $2.3 million\". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 January 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/07/30/two-for-profit-colleges-settle-lawsuit-with-attorney-general-for-million/PLtMSKNp9QxG19ZGXcXUZI/story.html","url_text":"\"Two for-profit colleges settle lawsuit with attorney general for $2.3 million\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe","url_text":"The Boston Globe"}]},{"reference":"\"Government's Consolidated Opposition to Motions to Intervene\" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-04-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62d6e418e8d8517940207135/t/62e2e45a915c367b4086d7b0/1659036762506/288+Govt+Consol+Opposition+to+Motions+to+Intervene+w+Decl+of+Ben+Miller.pdf","url_text":"\"Government's Consolidated Opposition to Motions to Intervene\""}]},{"reference":"Turner, Cory; Carrillo, Sequoia; Salhotra, Pooja (2022-08-05). \"200k student borrowers are closer to getting their loans erased after judge's ruling\". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2023-04-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/21/1112554478/student-loan-forgiveness-borrower-defense","url_text":"\"200k student borrowers are closer to getting their loans erased after judge's ruling\""}]},{"reference":"Hurley, Lawrence (2023-04-13). \"Supreme Court allows $6 billion student loan debt settlement\". NBC News. Retrieved 2023-04-15.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/13/supreme-court-allows-6-billion-student-loan-debt-settlement.html","url_text":"\"Supreme Court allows $6 billion student loan debt settlement\""}]}]
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Category: Page One from The Berkeley Daily Planet\""},{"Link":"https://www.merionpartners.com/2009/01/21/lincoln-educational-services-corporation-announces-acquisition-baran-institute-technology-reports-record-year-end-enrollment/","external_links_name":"\"Lincoln Educational Services Corporation Announces the Acquisition of Baran Institute of Technology and Reports Record Year-End Enrollment\""},{"Link":"https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/education/medical-school-closes-door-before-students-can-graduate/77-270433968","external_links_name":"\"Medical school closes door before students can graduate\""},{"Link":"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/03/upshot/100000002977650.mobile.html","external_links_name":"\"For–Profit Colleges, Failing the Test\""},{"Link":"http://investors.lincolneducationalservices.com/sec-filings/sec-filing/10-k/0001140361-18-012880","external_links_name":"\"10K Reporting for Q4 2017\""},{"Link":"https://www.lincolntech.edu/about/see-all-locations","external_links_name":"\"Lincoln Tech Campus Locations\""},{"Link":"http://www.lincolnedu.com/campus/melrose-park-il","external_links_name":"\"Lincoln Tech-Chicago campus in Melrose Park\""},{"Link":"http://investors.lincolneducationalservices.com/sec-filings/sec-filing/10-k/0001140361-18-012880/","external_links_name":"\"10K SEC Filing Details\""},{"Link":"http://www.leagle.com/decision/In%20FDCO%2020110906956.xml","external_links_name":"\"In re Lincoln Educational Services Corp. Securities Litigation. Civil Action No. 10-460 (SRC)\""},{"Link":"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/02/college-default-rates-higher-than-grad-rates/2480295/","external_links_name":"\"College default rates higher than grad rates\""},{"Link":"https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/10/19/high-debt-unfulfilled-dreams/KuDKIWiyRO5E5HDpRpSLRO/story.html","external_links_name":"\"For-profit colleges get harsh grades by former students\""},{"Link":"https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/07/30/two-for-profit-colleges-settle-lawsuit-with-attorney-general-for-million/PLtMSKNp9QxG19ZGXcXUZI/story.html","external_links_name":"\"Two for-profit colleges settle lawsuit with attorney general for $2.3 million\""},{"Link":"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/62d6e418e8d8517940207135/t/62e2e45a915c367b4086d7b0/1659036762506/288+Govt+Consol+Opposition+to+Motions+to+Intervene+w+Decl+of+Ben+Miller.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Government's Consolidated Opposition to Motions to Intervene\""},{"Link":"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/21/1112554478/student-loan-forgiveness-borrower-defense","external_links_name":"\"200k student borrowers are closer to getting their loans erased after judge's ruling\""},{"Link":"https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/13/supreme-court-allows-6-billion-student-loan-debt-settlement.html","external_links_name":"\"Supreme Court allows $6 billion student loan debt settlement\""},{"Link":"https://www.lincolntech.edu/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lincoln_Tech¶ms=40.795263_N_74.25924_W_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-NJ","external_links_name":"40°47′43″N 74°15′33″W / 40.795263°N 74.259240°W / 40.795263; -74.259240"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfermions
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Sfermion
|
["1 Fundamental sfermions","1.1 Squarks","1.2 Sleptons","2 See also","3 References"]
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Bosonic superpartner of a fermion
In supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model (SM) of physics, a sfermion is a hypothetical spin-0 superpartner particle (sparticle) of its associated fermion. Each particle has a superpartner with spin that differs by 1/2. Fermions in the SM have spin-1/2 and, therefore, sfermions have spin 0.
The name 'sfermion' was formed by the general rule of prefixing an 's' to the name of its superpartner, denoting that it is a scalar particle with spin 0. For instance, the electron's superpartner is the selectron and the top quark's superpartner is the stop squark.
One corollary from supersymmetry is that sparticles have the same gauge numbers as their SM partners. This means that sparticle–particle pairs have the same color charge, weak isospin charge, and hypercharge (and consequently electric charge). Unbroken supersymmetry also implies that sparticle–particle pairs have the same mass. This is evidently not the case, since these sparticles would have already been detected. Thus, sparticles must have different masses from the particle partners and supersymmetry is said to be broken.
Fundamental sfermions
Squarks
Not to be confused with squawk (disambiguation) or s quark.
Squarks (also quarkinos) are the superpartners of quarks. These include the sup squark, sdown squark, scharm squark, sstrange squark, stop squark, and sbottom squark.
Squarks
Squark
Symbol
Associated quark
Symbol
First generation
Sup squark
u
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {u}}}
Up quark
u
{\displaystyle u}
Sdown squark
d
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {d}}}
Down quark
d
{\displaystyle d}
Second generation
Scharm squark
c
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {c}}}
Charm quark
c
{\displaystyle c}
Sstrange squark
s
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {s}}}
Strange quark
s
{\displaystyle s}
Third generation
Stop squark
t
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {t}}}
Top quark
t
{\displaystyle t}
Sbottom squark
b
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {b}}}
Bottom quark
b
{\displaystyle b}
Sleptons
Sleptons are the superpartners of leptons. These include the selectron, smuon, stau, and their corresponding sneutrino flavors.
Sleptons
Slepton
Symbol
Associated lepton
Symbol
First generation
Selectron
e
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {e}}}
Electron
e
{\displaystyle e}
Selectron sneutrino
ν
~
e
{\displaystyle {\tilde {\nu }}_{e}}
Electron neutrino
ν
e
{\displaystyle \nu _{e}}
Second generation
Smuon
μ
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {\mu }}}
Muon
μ
{\displaystyle \mu }
Smuon sneutrino
ν
~
μ
{\displaystyle {\tilde {\nu }}_{\mu }}
Muon neutrino
ν
μ
{\displaystyle \nu _{\mu }}
Third generation
Stau
τ
~
{\displaystyle {\tilde {\tau }}}
Tau
τ
{\displaystyle \tau }
Stau sneutrino
ν
~
τ
{\displaystyle {\tilde {\nu }}_{\tau }}
Tau neutrino
ν
τ
{\displaystyle \nu _{\tau }}
See also
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM)
References
^ He-sheng, Chen; Dongsheng, Du; Weiguo, Li (2005). High Energy Physics: Ichep 2004 - Proceedings Of The 32nd International Conference (In 2 Volumes). World Scientific. p. 109. ISBN 9789814481274. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^ Masayuki, Nakahata; Y, Itow; Masato, Shiozawa (2004). Neutrino Oscillations And Their Origin, Proceedings Of The 4th International Workshop. World Scientific. ISBN 9789814485586. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^ Baer, Howard; Tata, Xerxes (2006). Weak Scale Supersymmetry: From Superfields to Scattering Events. Cambridge University Press. p. 129. ISBN 9781139455077. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^ Cline, David B (1997). Flavor-changing Neutral Currents: Present And Future Studies: Proceedings Of The Symposium. World Scientific. p. 229. ISBN 9789814545822. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^ Seamus, Hegarty; Keith, Potter; Emanuele, Quercigh (1992). Joint International Lepton-photon Symposium And Europhysics Conference On High Energy Physics - Lp-hep '91 (In 2 Volumes). World Scientific. p. 500. ISBN 9789814555531. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^ Khalil, Shaaban; Moretti, Stefano (2017). Supersymmetry Beyond Minimality: From Theory to Experiment. CRC Press. ISBN 9781315350875. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^ Khlopov, Maxim Yu. (1999). Cosmoparticle Physics. World Scientific. p. 53. ISBN 978-981-02-3188-0. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
^ Masayuki, Nakahata; Y, Itow; Masato, Shiozawa (2004). Neutrino Oscillations And Their Origin, Proceedings Of The 4th International Workshop. World Scientific. p. 442. ISBN 9789814485586. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
Martin, Stephen, P. (2011). "A Supersymmetry Primer". Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics. 18: 1–98. arXiv:hep-ph/9709356. doi:10.1142/9789812839657_0001. ISBN 978-981-02-3553-6. S2CID 118973381.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
vteParticles in physicsElementaryFermionsQuarks
Up (quark
antiquark)
Down (quark
antiquark)
Charm (quark
antiquark)
Strange (quark
antiquark)
Top (quark
antiquark)
Bottom (quark
antiquark)
Leptons
Electron
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|
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|
[]
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[{"title":"Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_Supersymmetric_Standard_Model"}]
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Retrieved 30 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=DL1UDwAAQBAJ&q=Sfermion&pg=PA500","url_text":"Joint International Lepton-photon Symposium And Europhysics Conference On High Energy Physics - Lp-hep '91 (In 2 Volumes)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814555531","url_text":"9789814555531"}]},{"reference":"Khalil, Shaaban; Moretti, Stefano (2017). Supersymmetry Beyond Minimality: From Theory to Experiment. CRC Press. ISBN 9781315350875. Retrieved 30 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=GNRBDwAAQBAJ&q=Sfermion&pg=PA36","url_text":"Supersymmetry Beyond Minimality: From Theory to Experiment"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315350875","url_text":"9781315350875"}]},{"reference":"Khlopov, Maxim Yu. (1999). 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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Abwa%27
|
Al-Abwa'
|
["1 Significance in Islamic history","1.1 Military campaigns of Muhammad","2 See also","3 References"]
|
Coordinates: 23°6′33.34″N 39°5′39.59″E / 23.1092611°N 39.0943306°E / 23.1092611; 39.0943306Village in Makkah, Saudi ArabiaAl-Abwa'
ٱَلْأَبْوَاءVillageA grave to the right of that of Muhammad's mother AminahAl-Abwa'Location of Al-Abwa' in Saudi ArabiaShow map of Saudi ArabiaAl-Abwa'Al-Abwa' (Middle East)Show map of Middle EastAl-Abwa'Al-Abwa' (Asia)Show map of AsiaCoordinates: 23°6′33.34″N 39°5′39.59″E / 23.1092611°N 39.0943306°E / 23.1092611; 39.0943306Country Saudi ArabiaRegionMakkahGovernment • Provincial GovernorKhalid bin Faisal Al SaudTime zoneUTC+3 (AST)
Al-Abwā' (Arabic: ٱَلْأَبْوَاء) is a Hejazi village between Mecca and Medina belonging to the area of Rabigh, on the western coast of Saudi Arabia. The Islamic Prophet Muhammad entered it before the Battle of Badr, in 2 Safar A.H.
Significance in Islamic history
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Grave of Aminah
The place where Muhammad's mother, Aminah bint Wahb ibn Abd Manaf, died.
It was here that Muhammad's cousin, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, adopted Islam.
The Seventh Twelver Shi'ite Imam and direct descendant of Muhammad, Musa al-Kadhim, was born in this town.
In 744 C.E., after the assassination of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walīd II, Al-'Abdallah met the Hashimites in the village of al-Abwā', when an oath of allegiance was pledged to his son Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya as the new Mahdi.
Military campaigns of Muhammad
Main article: List of expeditions of Muhammad
vteCampaigns of Muhammad
Al-‘Īṣ
Safwan
Buwat
Dhu al-'Ushairah
Abwa'
Badr
Kudr
Sawiq
Banu Qaynuqa'
Dhu 'Amar
Bahran
Uhud
Hamra' al-Asad
Banu Nadir
Badr al-Maw'id
Dhat ar-Riqa'
1st Daumat al-Jandal
Trench
Banu Qurayza
al-Muraysi'
Banu Lahyan
Hudaybiyyah
Fidak
Khaybar
3rd Wadi al-Qurra'
Mu'tah
Mecca
Hunayn
Tabuk
Autas
Ta'if
Further information: Military career of Muhammad
The fourth caravan raid that Muhammad ordered, known as the invasion of Waddan, was the first offensive in which Muhammad took part personally with 70 troops, mostly Muhajirun.
It is said that twelve months after moving to Medina, Muhammad himself led a caravan raid to Waddan (Al-Abwā). The aim was to intercept the caravans of the Quraysh. The raid party did not meet any Quraysh during the raid. However, the caravan of the Banu Damrah was raided. Negotiations began and the two leaders signed a treaty of non-aggression. Banu Damrah pledged not to attack Muslims or side with the Quraysh; and Muhammad pledged not to attack, or seize the goods of, the caravans of the Banu Damrah.
See also
Hijaz Mountains
List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
References
^ a b Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, archived from the original on 2009-05-28 on MSA West Compendium of Muslim Texts
^ Daniel Howden (18 April 2006). "Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2016-07-27. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
^ Ondrej Beranek; Pavel Tupek (2009). "From Visiting Graves to Their Destruction: The Question of Ziyara through the Eyes of Salafis" (Crown Paper). Waltham, Massachusetts, the U.S.A.: Brandeis University. OCLC 457230835.
^ A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Qum, Iran: Ansariyan Publications. 2004. p. 131. ISBN 964-438-127-0.
^ "Hazrat Imam Musa Kazim a.s". Archived from the original on 2005-11-04. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
^ Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, "Kitāb al-Maqātil aṭ-Ṭālibīyīn" (مقاتل الطالبيين), Book of Tālibid Fights
^ a b Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127
^ a b Haykal, Husayn (1976), The Life of Muhammad, Islamic Book Trust, p. 217, ISBN 978-983-9154-17-7
^ Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (in Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2014-10-04. Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic. English version here
vteSaudi Arabia articlesHistory
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Early Islamic State
Rashidun Caliphate
Umayyad Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate
Emirate of Diriyah
Emirate of Nejd
Kingdom of Hejaz
Unification
Modern history
Geography
Borders
Cities and towns
Climate
Earthquakes
Governorates
Mountains
Provinces
Wadis
Wildlife
Politics
Allegiance Council
Cabinet
Consultative Assembly
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Foreign relations
King
Mabahith (secret police)
National Security Council
Nuclear program
Prime Minister
Law
Basic Law
Capital punishment
Elections
Freedom of religion
Human rights
LGBT
Rape
Women
Judiciary
Mutaween (religious police)
Passport
Visa policy
Military
Army
Navy
Air Force
Air Defense
Strategic Missile Force
National Guard
Chairman of the General Staff
General Staff Presidency
General Intelligence Presidency
Military ranks
Economy
Agriculture
Companies
Capital Market Authority
Council of Economic and Development Affairs
Energy
Oil reserves
History of the oil industry
Foreign workers
Irrigation
OPEC
Riyal (currency)
Saudi Central Bank
Supreme Economic Council
Tadawul (stock exchange)
Telecommunications
Tourism
Transport
rail
Society
Abortion
Censorship
Crime
Demographics
youth
Discrimination
Education
libraries
universities
Health care
Human trafficking
Obesity
Polygamy
Prostitution
Terrorism
response to ISIL
Water supply and sanitation
Culture
Art
Visual arts
Cinema
Cuisine
Language
Media
television
Music
Public holidays
Religion
Islam
Sport
football
Theatre
Heritage
Symbols
Anthem
Dance
Emblem
Flag
Motto
OutlineIndex
Category
Portal
vte Main Saudi Arabian cities by population1,000,000 and more
Abha
Dammam
Hofuf
Jeddah
Khamis Mushait
Mecca
Medina
Riyadh
Ta'if
300,000-999,999
Al-Kharj
Buraidah
Ha'il
Hafar al-Batin
Jubail
Khobar
Najran
Qatif
Tabuk
<300,000
Al Bahah
Al Lith
Al Majma'ah
Al Qunfudhah
Arar
Abqaiq
Bareq
Bisha
Dhahran
Diriyah
Duba
Sakakah
Jizan
Khafji
Ras Tanura
Unaizah
Yanbu' al Bahr
Source: cdsi.gov.sa
Saudi Arabia portal
This article about the geography of Saudi Arabia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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The Islamic Prophet Muhammad entered it before the Battle of Badr, in 2 Safar A.H.[clarification needed]","title":"Al-Abwa'"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-1.JPG"},{"link_name":"Muhammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad"},{"link_name":"Aminah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminah"},{"link_name":"bint","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic#Arabic"},{"link_name":"Wahb ibn Abd Manaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahb_ibn_Abd_Manaf"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Muhammad's cousin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"Abu Sufyan ibn 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history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Campaigns_of_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Campaigns_of_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Campaigns_of_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"Campaigns","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_expeditions_of_Muhammad"},{"link_name":"Muhammad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad"},{"link_name":"Al-‘Īṣ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_of_Hamza_ibn_%27Abdul-Muttalib"},{"link_name":"Safwan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Expedition_to_Badr"},{"link_name":"Buwat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrol_of_Buwat"},{"link_name":"Dhu 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al-Asad\nBanu Nadir\nBadr al-Maw'id\nDhat ar-Riqa'\n1st Daumat al-Jandal\nTrench\nBanu Qurayza\nal-Muraysi'\nBanu Lahyan\nHudaybiyyah\nFidak\nKhaybar\n3rd Wadi al-Qurra'\nMu'tah\nMecca\nHunayn\nTabuk\nAutas\nTa'if\nFurther information: Military career of MuhammadThe fourth caravan raid that Muhammad ordered, known as the invasion of Waddan, was the first offensive in which Muhammad took part personally with 70 troops, mostly Muhajirun.[7]It is said that twelve months after moving to Medina, Muhammad himself led a caravan raid to Waddan (Al-Abwā). The aim was to intercept the caravans of the Quraysh. The raid party did not meet any Quraysh during the raid.[8][9] However, the caravan of the Banu Damrah was raided. Negotiations began and the two leaders signed a treaty of non-aggression. Banu Damrah pledged not to attack Muslims or side with the Quraysh; and Muhammad pledged not to attack, or seize the goods of, the caravans of the Banu Damrah.[7][8]","title":"Significance in Islamic history"}]
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|
[{"title":"Hijaz Mountains","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijaz_Mountains"},{"title":"List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia"}]
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[{"reference":"Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, archived from the original on 2009-05-28","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20090528032459/http://www.msawest.com/islam/history/biographies/sahaabah/bio.ABU_SUFYAN_IBN_AL_HARITH.html","url_text":"Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith"},{"url":"http://www.msawest.com/islam/history/biographies/sahaabah/bio.ABU_SUFYAN_IBN_AL_HARITH.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Daniel Howden (18 April 2006). \"Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca\". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2016-07-27. Retrieved 5 November 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/shame-of-the-house-of-saud-shadows-over-mecca-6103414.html","url_text":"\"Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160727080149/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/shame-of-the-house-of-saud-shadows-over-mecca-6103414.html","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Ondrej Beranek; Pavel Tupek (2009). \"From Visiting Graves to Their Destruction: The Question of Ziyara through the Eyes of Salafis\" (Crown Paper). Waltham, Massachusetts, the U.S.A.: Brandeis University. OCLC 457230835.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.brandeis.edu/now/2009/august/crown-graves.html","url_text":"\"From Visiting Graves to Their Destruction: The Question of Ziyara through the Eyes of Salafis\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts","url_text":"Waltham, Massachusetts"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University","url_text":"Brandeis University"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)","url_text":"OCLC"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/457230835","url_text":"457230835"}]},{"reference":"A Brief History of The Fourteen Infallibles. Qum, Iran: Ansariyan Publications. 2004. p. 131. ISBN 964-438-127-0.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qom","url_text":"Qum"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran","url_text":"Iran"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansariyan_Publications","url_text":"Ansariyan Publications"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/964-438-127-0","url_text":"964-438-127-0"}]},{"reference":"\"Hazrat Imam Musa Kazim a.s\". Archived from the original on 2005-11-04. Retrieved 2006-06-30.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20051104154043/http://www.14sayings.8m.com/m9.htm","url_text":"\"Hazrat Imam Musa Kazim a.s\""},{"url":"http://www.14sayings.8m.com/m9.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Haykal, Husayn (1976), The Life of Muhammad, Islamic Book Trust, p. 217, ISBN 978-983-9154-17-7","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&dq=first+raids&pg=PA218","url_text":"The Life of Muhammad"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-9154-17-7","url_text":"978-983-9154-17-7"}]},{"reference":"Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (in Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2014-10-04.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120322002711/http://www.islamic-book.net/ar/Rihlat-Alnobowwah.htm","url_text":"The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War"},{"url":"http://www.islamic-book.net/ar/Rihlat-Alnobowwah.htm","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moray_Council
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Moray Council
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["1 History","2 Political control","2.1 Composition","3 Premises","4 Elections","4.1 Wards","5 References"]
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Moray CouncilCoat of armsCouncil logoTypeTypeUnitary authority HistoryPreceded byMoray District CouncilLeadershipCivic LeaderJohn Cowe, Independent since 10 August 2022 LeaderKathleen Robertson, Conservative since 18 May 2022 Chief ExecutiveRoddy Burns since 1 October 2012 StructureSeats26 councillorsPolitical groups
Administration
Conservative (9)
Other parties
SNP (9)
Independent (4)
Labour (3)
Green (1)
Length of termFull council elected every 5 yearsElectionsVoting systemSingle transferable voteLast election5 May 2022Next election6 May 2027Meeting placeCouncil Offices, High Street, Elgin, IV30 1BXWebsitewww.moray.gov.uk
Moray Council is the local authority for Moray, one of the 32 council areas in Scotland. The council is based in Elgin. The Moray Firth lies off the area's north coast.
History
Moray District Council had been created in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. It became one of the newly created single tier local authorities in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.
Political control
Composition
Following the 2022 election and subsequent changes of allegiance in July and August 2022, the composition of the council was:
Party
Councillors
Conservative
9
SNP
9
Independent
4
Labour
3
Scottish Green
1
Total
26
One of the independent councillors describes themselves as a "non-aligned Conservative". The next election is due in 2027.
Premises
Council Annexe, 2–10 High Street, Elgin
The council meets at the Council Offices on High Street in Elgin. The older part of the building facing High Street was completed in 1952 adjoining Elgin Sheriff Court for the former joint Moray and Nairn County Council. Large extensions were later added to the south of the building, facing Greyfriars Street. In 2012 the council opened an additional annexe nearby at 2–10 High Street in a converted supermarket.
Elections
See also: Category:Moray Council elections
Wards
Map of the area's wards (2017 configuration)
Wardnumber
Name
Location
Seats
1
Speyside Glenlivet
3
2
Keith and Cullen
3
3
Buckie
3
4
Fochabers Lhanbryde
3
5
Heldon and Laich
3
6
Elgin City North
3
7
Elgin City South
4
8
Forres
4
References
^ "Moray Council leadership confirmed". The Moray Council. 18 May 2022.
^ See also Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) website Archived 1 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine (OPSI home page Archived 18 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine)
^ Gilmour, Lauren (11 July 2022). "Moray Council leader 'steps aside' from Conservative Party over 'poor behaviour'". Independent. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
^ Whitfield, Alistair (17 August 2022). "Moray councillor leaves Tory administration". The Northern Scot. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
^ "Councillors". Moray Council. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
^ "A staff of 70 will look after John". Aberdeen Evening Express. 17 April 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
^ Whitfield, Alistair (14 September 2022). "Moray Council annexe building to reopen". The Northern Scot. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
vteCouncil elections in MorayMoray Council
1974
1977
1980
1984
1988
1992
1995
1999
2003
2007
2012
2017
2022
Grampian Regional Council
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
Abolished
vteWards of Moray
Speyside Glenlivet
Keith and Cullen
Buckie
Fochabers Lhanbryde
Heldon and Laich
Elgin City North
Elgin City South
Forres
vteLocal government of ScotlandCouncil areas
Aberdeen City
Aberdeenshire
Angus
Argyll and Bute
Clackmannanshire
Dumfries and Galloway
Dundee City
East Ayrshire
East Dunbartonshire
East Lothian
East Renfrewshire
City of Edinburgh
Falkirk
Fife
Glasgow City
Highland
Inverclyde
Midlothian
Moray
Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Western Isles)
North Ayrshire
North Lanarkshire
Orkney
Perth and Kinross
Renfrewshire
Scottish Borders
Shetland
South Ayrshire
South Lanarkshire
Stirling
West Dunbartonshire
West Lothian
Councils
Aberdeen City
Aberdeenshire
Angus
Argyll and Bute
Clackmannanshire
Dumfries and Galloway
Dundee City
East Ayrshire
East Dunbartonshire
East Lothian
East Renfrewshire
City of Edinburgh
Falkirk
Fife
Glasgow City
Highland
Inverclyde
Midlothian
Moray
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
North Ayrshire
North Lanarkshire
Orkney Islands
Perth and Kinross
Renfrewshire
Scottish Borders
Shetland Islands
South Ayrshire
South Lanarkshire
Stirling
West Dunbartonshire
West Lothian
List by area, population, density
This article related to government in Scotland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_(Happy_Valley)_Cemetery
|
Hong Kong Cemetery
|
["1 Types of graves","1.1 Military graves","1.2 Civilian graves","2 Burials","3 In popular culture","4 Gallery","5 See also","6 References","7 Further reading","8 External links"]
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Coordinates: 22°16′13″N 114°10′54″E / 22.2702°N 114.1816°E / 22.2702; 114.1816Cemetery in Happy Valley, Hong Kong
Hong Kong CemeteryHong Kong Cemetery in Happy ValleyDetailsEstablished1845; 179 years ago (1845)Location1J Wong Nai Chung Road, Happy ValleyCountry Hong KongCoordinates22°16′13″N 114°10′54″E / 22.2702°N 114.1816°E / 22.2702; 114.1816Find a GraveHong Kong Cemetery
Hong Kong CemeteryTraditional Chinese香港墳場TranscriptionsYue: CantoneseYale RomanizationHēung góng fàhn chèuhngJyutpingHoeng1 gong2 fan4 coeng4
Hong Kong Cemetery, formerly Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery and before that Hong Kong Colonial Cemetery, is one of the early Christian cemeteries in Hong Kong dating to its colonial era beginning in 1845. It is located beside the racecourse at Happy Valley, along with the Jewish Cemetery, Hindu Cemetery, Parsee Cemetery, St. Michael's Catholic Cemetery and the Muslim Cemetery.
Hong Kong Cemetery is a public cemetery managed by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department. Hong Kong Cemetery contains 79 scattered Commonwealth burials of the First World War and 62 from the Second World War, which are maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
The Protestant Cemetery is built as a series of terraces ascending a hillside. The older graves tend to be at the bottom of the hill; those from the 1930s and 1940s are generally at the top.
On a number of occasions, remains in the Protestant Cemetery have been disinterred to make way for road developments, and have been placed in niches in an ossuary, which continues to be used for contemporary cremations. The niches provide basic information on each individual.
Types of graves
Some sections of the Protestant Cemetery tended to be reserved for particular groups of deceased, e.g., army, navy, Hong Kong Police. There are two main categories of graves that can be found in Hong Kong Cemetery:
Military graves
A Royal Navy grave of WWI at Hong Kong (Happy Valley) cemetery.
As the name states, this category of graves for British military dead, spanned from the late 19th century until the early 1960s (when the Government of Hong Kong established another cemetery near Sai Wan for military dead in 1965). At the beginning of the colonial era, the British garrison force had the same problem as those in India: weather. Some of the members of the force could not adapt to the tropical weather of Hong Kong and died owing to tropical disease, while others fell during the Boxer Rebellion – mainly in 1900. At the time being, it is the major cemetery for military dead along with Stanley Military Cemetery.
There are about 100 military graves of World War I – 79 of them are in Hong Kong Cemetery, mainly the soldiers who died in Hong Kong and Kowloon Military Hospital, which received the sick and wounded from the German-leased territory of Qingdao, on the Shandong peninsula in north-east China. Evidence shows that most of them are naval personnel.
Grave of SJT. R.S. Bell of Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, an example of WWII military grave in Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery.
Before the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941, Britain had sent two battalions from the Royal Scots and Middlesex Regiments to Hong Kong for garrison duty. This cemetery provides evidence of the presence of these two battalions. There are in all 62 military graves of World War II Commonwealth service personnel – mainly from the year 1941 – maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
The British force in Hong Kong used the cemetery as their burial ground until 1965. One notable military burial is Driver Joseph Hughes, a recipient of the George Cross.
There are also two monuments erected by the Royal Artillery in memory of their fallen comrades, which were later moved to the Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence.
Civilian graves
The civilian burials in the cemetery are diverse and exemplify the social structure at the early stage of the colonial era. It is widely understood that the cemetery is for the burial of the privileged group of the society, mostly British. Notable people of that era buried in the cemetery include Sir Robert Ho Tung and his first wife, Sir Paul Chater and Sir Kai Ho. Most Christian missionaries to Hong Kong are also buried here, a notable example being Karl Friedrich August Gützlaff, a German missionary who helped to establish Lutheran churches in Hong Kong, who is considered the first Lutheran missionary to China. Another notable missionary interred here is Henrietta Hall Shuck, the first American female missionary to China.
There are also a number of Chinese burials, all of them Christians, some of them were involved in the late Qing revolution and uprisings led by Sun Yat-sen, including Yeung Ku-wan, who was assassinated by the Qing Government in Hong Kong.
A number of Japanese were buried in the cemetery, mostly those who resided in Hong Kong during the early colonial era. Some of them were Christian, but most were followers of Shinto. The Japanese custom of burning incense during memorial rites led to complaints from some Westerners. As a result, a special Japanese section of the graveyard was designated.
Burials
Notable burials at Hong Kong Cemetery include:
Henry Fletcher Hance (1827–1886), British diplomat and botanist
Prof Robert Kirk FRSE (1905–1962), Scottish pathologist and parasitologist
Wong Tape (1875–1967), Chinese merchant in Dunedin, New Zealand and member of the Urban Council, Hong Kong
Samuel Cornell Plant (1866–1921), first to command a merchant steamer plying on the Upper Yangtze River, First Senior River Inspector for Upper Yangtze
Josephine Bracken (August 9, 1876 – March 14, 1902) was the common-law wife of Philippine nationalist José Rizal.
In popular culture
A scene in John le Carré's novel The Honourable Schoolboy takes place in the nearby racetrack as well as the cemetery.
The cemetery is a popular place for filming movies and TV shows. The UK folk artist Johnny Flynn released a song in 2008 about the cemetery, found on the album A Larum.
Gallery
Grave of Driver Joseph Hughes GC, who won the George Cross due to his warning of bombs to his fellows in Hong Kong Cemetery.
Graves of Sir Robert Ho Tung and his first wife Margaret Mak Sau Ying in Hong Kong Cemetery.
An example of Chinese grave in Hong Kong Cemetery.
Grave of Hung Chuen Fook, one of the figures of Xinhai Revolution. He is a descendant of Hóng Xiùquán, the major figure of Taiping Rebellion.
A traditional Japanese grave in Hong Kong Cemetery5.
Graves of the members of Royal Scots, one of garrison battalions at Hong Kong before the Japanese invasion on Hong Kong, in Hong Kong Cemetery.
Grave of Samuel Cornell Plant and wife Alice. Plant commanded the first regular steam service on Upper Yangtze.
See also
List of cemeteries in Hong Kong
References
^ "Cemeteries and Crematoria". Food and Environmental Hygiene Department.
^ a b CWGC Cemetery Report.
^ Lim, Patricia (5 May 2011). "List of Burials ordered by Name". gwulo.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
^ Ng, James. "Benjamin Wong Tape". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^ Peter Simpson, "Hell and High Water," South China Morning Post Magazine, October 2, 2011, pp. 24–30.
Further reading
Lim, Patricia (2011). Forgotten Souls: A Social History of the Hong Kong Cemetery. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-9622099906.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hong Kong Cemetery.
Cemetery details. Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
Former Protestant Cemetery in Hong Kong, now known as the Hong Kong Cemetery
Blessing of Sir Catchick Paul Chater's grave at Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery
Information on opening hours at the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of Hong Kong SAR
Lists of civilian burials
NPR Story by Louisa Lim on Patricia Lim (her mother) and the Chronicling the Cemetery, Aired on Morning Edition Aug. 21, 2012
香港記憶 | Hong Kong Memory
Stories revive Hong Kong's 'forgotten souls'
Hong Kong Cemetery | Gwulo
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States
|
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At the beginning of the colonial era, the British garrison force had the same problem as those in India: weather. Some of the members of the force could not adapt to the tropical weather of Hong Kong and died owing to tropical disease, while others fell during the Boxer Rebellion – mainly in 1900. At the time being, it is the major cemetery for military dead along with Stanley Military Cemetery.There are about 100 military graves of World War I – 79 of them are in Hong Kong Cemetery, mainly the soldiers who died in Hong Kong and Kowloon Military Hospital, which received the sick and wounded from the German-leased territory of Qingdao, on the Shandong peninsula in north-east China.[2] Evidence shows that most of them are naval personnel.Grave of SJT. R.S. Bell of Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, an example of WWII military grave in Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery.Before the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in 1941, Britain had sent two battalions from the Royal Scots and Middlesex Regiments to Hong Kong for garrison duty. This cemetery provides evidence of the presence of these two battalions. There are in all 62 military graves of World War II Commonwealth service personnel – mainly from the year 1941 – maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.[2]The British force in Hong Kong used the cemetery as their burial ground until 1965. 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It is widely understood that the cemetery is for the burial of the privileged group of the society[who?], mostly British. Notable people of that era buried in the cemetery include Sir Robert Ho Tung and his first wife, Sir Paul Chater and Sir Kai Ho. Most Christian missionaries to Hong Kong are also buried here, a notable example being Karl Friedrich August Gützlaff, a German missionary who helped to establish Lutheran churches in Hong Kong, who is considered the first Lutheran missionary to China.[citation needed] Another notable missionary interred here is Henrietta Hall Shuck, the first American female missionary to China.[citation needed]There are also a number of Chinese burials, all of them Christians, some of them were involved in the late Qing revolution and uprisings led by Sun Yat-sen, including Yeung Ku-wan, who was assassinated by the Qing Government in Hong Kong.A number of Japanese were buried in the cemetery, mostly those who resided in Hong Kong during the early colonial era. Some of them were Christian, but most were followers of Shinto. The Japanese custom of burning incense during memorial rites led to complaints from some Westerners. As a result, a special Japanese section of the graveyard was designated.","title":"Types of graves"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Henry Fletcher Hance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fletcher_Hance"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Prof Robert Kirk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kirk_(pathologist)"},{"link_name":"FRSE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRSE"},{"link_name":"Wong Tape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wong_Tape"},{"link_name":"Dunedin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin"},{"link_name":"Urban Council, Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_Council,_Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-DNZB_Wong_Tape-4"},{"link_name":"Samuel Cornell Plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Cornell_Plant"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"Josephine Bracken","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Bracken"},{"link_name":"José Rizal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal"}],"text":"Notable burials at Hong Kong Cemetery include:Henry Fletcher Hance (1827–1886), British diplomat and botanist[3]Prof Robert Kirk FRSE (1905–1962), Scottish pathologist and parasitologist\nWong Tape (1875–1967), Chinese merchant in Dunedin, New Zealand and member of the Urban Council, Hong Kong[4]\nSamuel Cornell Plant (1866–1921), first to command a merchant steamer plying on the Upper Yangtze River, First Senior River Inspector for Upper Yangtze[5]\nJosephine Bracken (August 9, 1876 – March 14, 1902) was the common-law wife of Philippine nationalist José Rizal.","title":"Burials"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"The Honourable Schoolboy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honourable_Schoolboy"},{"link_name":"Johnny Flynn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Flynn_(musician)"},{"link_name":"A Larum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Larum"}],"text":"A scene in John le Carré's novel The Honourable Schoolboy takes place in the nearby racetrack as well as the cemetery.The cemetery is a popular place for filming movies and TV shows. The UK folk artist Johnny Flynn released a song in 2008 about the cemetery, found on the album A Larum.","title":"In popular culture"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Hughes_grave_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hotung_grave.JPG"},{"link_name":"Robert Ho Tung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ho_Tung"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_grave_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hung_Chu_Fu_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"},{"link_name":"Hung Chuen Fook","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hung_Chuen_Fook&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hóng Xiùquán","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan"},{"link_name":"Taiping Rebellion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Japanese_grave_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_scot_before_ww2_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samuel_Cornell_Plant_Headstone_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.jpg"},{"link_name":"Samuel Cornell Plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Cornell_Plant"}],"text":"Grave of Driver Joseph Hughes GC, who won the George Cross due to his warning of bombs to his fellows in Hong Kong Cemetery.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGraves of Sir Robert Ho Tung and his first wife Margaret Mak Sau Ying in Hong Kong Cemetery.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tAn example of Chinese grave in Hong Kong Cemetery.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGrave of Hung Chuen Fook, one of the figures of Xinhai Revolution. He is a descendant of Hóng Xiùquán, the major figure of Taiping Rebellion.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tA traditional Japanese grave in Hong Kong Cemetery5.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGraves of the members of Royal Scots, one of garrison battalions at Hong Kong before the Japanese invasion on Hong Kong, in Hong Kong Cemetery.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tGrave of Samuel Cornell Plant and wife Alice. Plant commanded the first regular steam service on Upper Yangtze.","title":"Gallery"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hong Kong University Press","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"978-9622099906","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9622099906"}],"text":"Lim, Patricia (2011). Forgotten Souls: A Social History of the Hong Kong Cemetery. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-9622099906.","title":"Further reading"}]
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[{"image_text":"A Royal Navy grave of WWI at Hong Kong (Happy Valley) cemetery.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Military_grave_WW1_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG/150px-Military_grave_WW1_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"},{"image_text":"Grave of SJT. R.S. Bell of Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, an example of WWII military grave in Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Grave_HKV_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG/150px-Grave_HKV_in_the_Hong_Kong_Cemetery.JPG"}]
|
[{"title":"List of cemeteries in Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Hong_Kong"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Cemeteries and Crematoria\". Food and Environmental Hygiene Department.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.fehd.gov.hk/english/cc/introduction.html","url_text":"\"Cemeteries and Crematoria\""}]},{"reference":"Lim, Patricia (5 May 2011). \"List of Burials ordered by Name\". gwulo.com. Retrieved 17 January 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://gwulo.com/node/8738","url_text":"\"List of Burials ordered by Name\""}]},{"reference":"Ng, James. \"Benjamin Wong Tape\". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3w27","url_text":"\"Benjamin Wong Tape\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography","url_text":"Dictionary of New Zealand Biography"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage","url_text":"Ministry for Culture and Heritage"}]},{"reference":"Lim, Patricia (2011). Forgotten Souls: A Social History of the Hong Kong Cemetery. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-9622099906.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press","url_text":"Hong Kong University Press"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9622099906","url_text":"978-9622099906"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hong_Kong_Cemetery¶ms=22.2702_N_114.1816_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"22°16′13″N 114°10′54″E / 22.2702°N 114.1816°E / 22.2702; 114.1816"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hong_Kong_Cemetery¶ms=22.2702_N_114.1816_E_type:landmark","external_links_name":"22°16′13″N 114°10′54″E / 22.2702°N 114.1816°E / 22.2702; 114.1816"},{"Link":"https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2177241","external_links_name":"Hong Kong Cemetery"},{"Link":"https://www.fehd.gov.hk/english/cc/introduction.html","external_links_name":"\"Cemeteries and Crematoria\""},{"Link":"http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/49429/HONG%20KONG%20CEMETERY","external_links_name":"[1]"},{"Link":"http://gwulo.com/node/8738","external_links_name":"\"List of Burials ordered by Name\""},{"Link":"https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3w27","external_links_name":"\"Benjamin Wong Tape\""},{"Link":"http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/49429","external_links_name":"Cemetery details"},{"Link":"https://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~chaterfamilytree/hong_kong_cemetery_graves.htm","external_links_name":"Former Protestant Cemetery in Hong Kong, now known as the Hong Kong Cemetery"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140126000935/http://www.upthere.com.au/chin-oki-05/hk05/cemetery.htm","external_links_name":"Blessing of Sir Catchick Paul Chater's grave at Hong Kong (Happy Valley) Cemetery"},{"Link":"http://www.fehd.gov.hk/english/cc/introduction.html","external_links_name":"Information on opening hours at the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of Hong Kong SAR"},{"Link":"http://gwulo.com/hong-kong-cemetery","external_links_name":"Lists of civilian burials"},{"Link":"https://www.npr.org/2012/08/21/159363999/deaths-tell-the-story-of-life-in-old-hong-kong","external_links_name":"NPR Story by Louisa Lim on Patricia Lim (her mother) and the Chronicling the Cemetery, Aired on Morning Edition Aug. 21, 2012"},{"Link":"http://www.hkmemory.hk/collections/hong_kong_cemetery/about/index.html","external_links_name":"香港記憶 | Hong Kong Memory"},{"Link":"http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/28/world/asia/hong-kong-cemetery/index.html","external_links_name":"Stories revive Hong Kong's 'forgotten souls'"},{"Link":"https://gwulo.com/hong-kong-cemetery#17~22.27157~114.17956~Map_by_GovHK-Markers~100","external_links_name":"Hong Kong Cemetery | Gwulo"},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/2894150647105010860004","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2017056439","external_links_name":"United States"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronchis
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Ronchis
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["1 References"]
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Comune in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, ItalyRonchis
Roncjis (Friulian)ComuneComune di Ronchis / Comun di RoncjisChurch of Saint Andrew the Apostle
Coat of armsLocation of Ronchis
RonchisLocation of Ronchis in ItalyShow map of ItalyRonchisRonchis (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)Show map of Friuli-Venezia GiuliaCoordinates: 45°49′N 13°7′E / 45.817°N 13.117°E / 45.817; 13.117CountryItalyRegionFriuli-Venezia GiuliaProvinceUdine (UD)FrazioniFraforeano (Frofean)Government • MayorManfredi MicheluttoArea • Total18.4 km2 (7.1 sq mi)Elevation15 m (49 ft)Population (30 April 2017) • Total2,017 • Density110/km2 (280/sq mi)DemonymRoncoliniTime zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal code33050Dialing code0431Patron saintSt. AndrewSaint day30 NovemberWebsiteOfficial website
Ronchis (Friulian: Roncjis) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.
Ronchis borders the following municipalities: Latisana, Palazzolo dello Stella, Rivignano Teor, San Michele al Tagliamento, Varmo.
References
^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^ All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat.
^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
vteFriuli-Venezia Giulia · Comuni of the Regional decentralization entity of Udine
Aiello del Friuli
Amaro
Ampezzo
Aquileia
Arta Terme
Artegna
Attimis
Bagnaria Arsa
Basiliano
Bertiolo
Bicinicco
Bordano
Buja
Buttrio
Camino al Tagliamento
Campoformido
Campolongo Tapogliano
Carlino
Cassacco
Castions di Strada
Cavazzo Carnico
Cercivento
Cervignano del Friuli
Chiopris-Viscone
Chiusaforte
Cividale del Friuli
Codroipo
Colloredo di Monte Albano
Comeglians
Corno di Rosazzo
Coseano
Dignano
Dogna
Drenchia
Enemonzo
Faedis
Fagagna
Fiumicello Villa Vicentina
Flaibano
Forgaria nel Friuli
Forni Avoltri
Forni di Sopra
Forni di Sotto
Gemona del Friuli
Gonars
Grimacco
Latisana
Lauco
Lestizza
Lignano Sabbiadoro
Lusevera
Magnano in Riviera
Majano
Malborghetto Valbruna
Manzano
Marano Lagunare
Martignacco
Mereto di Tomba
Moggio Udinese
Moimacco
Montenars
Mortegliano
Moruzzo
Muzzana del Turgnano
Nimis
Osoppo
Ovaro
Pagnacco
Palazzolo dello Stella
Palmanova
Paluzza
Pasian di Prato
Paularo
Pavia di Udine
Pocenia
Pontebba
Porpetto
Povoletto
Pozzuolo del Friuli
Pradamano
Prato Carnico
Precenicco
Premariacco
Preone
Prepotto
Pulfero
Ragogna
Ravascletto
Raveo
Reana del Rojale
Remanzacco
Resia
Resiutta
Rigolato
Rive d'Arcano
Rivignano Teor
Ronchis
Ruda
San Daniele del Friuli
San Giorgio di Nogaro
San Giovanni al Natisone
San Leonardo
San Pietro al Natisone
San Vito al Torre
San Vito di Fagagna
Santa Maria la Longa
Sauris
Savogna di Cividale
Sedegliano
Socchieve
Stregna
Sutrio
Taipana
Talmassons
Tarcento
Tarvisio
Tavagnacco
Terzo d'Aquileia
Tolmezzo
Torreano
Torviscosa
Trasaghis
Treppo Grande
Treppo Ligosullo
Tricesimo
Trivignano Udinese
Udine
Varmo
Venzone
Verzegnis
Villa Santina
Visco
Zuglio
Authority control databases
VIAF
This article on a location in Friuli-Venezia Giulia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Friulian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friulian_language"},{"link_name":"comune","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comune"},{"link_name":"Regional decentralization entity of Udine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Udine"},{"link_name":"Italian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"},{"link_name":"Friuli-Venezia Giulia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia"},{"link_name":"Trieste","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste"},{"link_name":"Udine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udine"},{"link_name":"Latisana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latisana"},{"link_name":"Palazzolo dello Stella","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzolo_dello_Stella"},{"link_name":"Rivignano Teor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivignano_Teor"},{"link_name":"San Michele al Tagliamento","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michele_al_Tagliamento"},{"link_name":"Varmo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmo"}],"text":"Ronchis (Friulian: Roncjis) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Udine.Ronchis borders the following municipalities: Latisana, Palazzolo dello Stella, Rivignano Teor, San Michele al Tagliamento, Varmo.","title":"Ronchis"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011\". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224","url_text":"\"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011\""}]},{"reference":"\"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018\". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.","urls":[{"url":"http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html","url_text":"\"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ronchis¶ms=45_49_N_13_7_E_type:city(1,981)_region:IT","external_links_name":"45°49′N 13°7′E / 45.817°N 13.117°E / 45.817; 13.117"},{"Link":"http://www.comune.ronchis.ud.it/","external_links_name":"Official website"},{"Link":"https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224","external_links_name":"\"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011\""},{"Link":"http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html","external_links_name":"\"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/238115252","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ronchis&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_the_Stout
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List of people known as the Stout
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["1 See also"]
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Persons known by the epithet the Stout include:
Æthelmær the Stout (died 1015), Anglo-Saxon ealdorman of the western provinces (present day south-western England)
Olaf II of Norway, King of Norway
Sigurd the Stout (c. 960–1014), Earl of Orkney
See also
List of people known as the Fat
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Æthelmær the Stout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelm%C3%A6r_the_Stout"},{"link_name":"Olaf II of Norway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway"},{"link_name":"Sigurd the Stout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigurd_the_Stout"}],"text":"Æthelmær the Stout (died 1015), Anglo-Saxon ealdorman of the western provinces (present day south-western England)\nOlaf II of Norway, King of Norway\nSigurd the Stout (c. 960–1014), Earl of Orkney","title":"List of people known as the Stout"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"List of people known as the Fat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_known_as_the_Fat"}]
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinovirus_C
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Rhinovirus
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["1 History","2 Transmission","3 Signs and symptoms","4 Epidemiology","5 Pathogenesis","6 Taxonomy","6.1 Types","7 Structure","8 Novel antiviral drugs","9 Vaccine development","10 Prevention","11 References","12 External links"]
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Genus of viruses (Enterovirus)
Rhinovirus
Rhinovirus
Scientific classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Riboviria
Kingdom:
Orthornavirae
Phylum:
Pisuviricota
Class:
Pisoniviricetes
Order:
Picornavirales
Family:
Picornaviridae
Genus:
Enterovirus
Groups included
Rhinovirus A
Rhinovirus B
Rhinovirus C
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa
Enterovirus A
Enterovirus B
Enterovirus C
Enterovirus D
Enterovirus E
Enterovirus F
Enterovirus G
Enterovirus H
Enterovirus I
Enterovirus J
Enterovirus K
Enterovirus L
The rhinovirus (from the Ancient Greek: ῥίς, romanized: rhis "nose", gen ῥινός, romanized: rhinos "of the nose", and the Latin: vīrus) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Rhinovirus is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold.
The three species of rhinovirus (A, B, and C) include at least 165 recognized types that differ according to their surface antigens or genetics. They are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers. By comparison, other viruses, such as smallpox and vaccinia, are around ten times larger at about 300 nanometers, while influenza viruses are around 80–120 nm.
Rhinoviruses are transmitted through aerosols, respiratory droplets, fomites, and direct person-to-person contact. They primarily infect nasal epithelial cells in the airway and cause mild symptoms such as sore throat, cough, and nasal congestion. However, rhinovirus infection can cause more severe disease in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. Rhinoviruses are also recognized as a major cause of asthma exacerbations.
As of April 2024, there are no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for rhinovirus infection.
History
In 1953, when a cluster of nurses developed a mild respiratory illness, Winston Price, from the Johns Hopkins University, took nasal passage samples and isolated the first rhinovirus, which he called the JH virus, named after Johns Hopkins. His findings were published in 1956.
In 2006, advancements in molecular testing techniques for identifying rhinoviruses in clinical specimens led to the discovery of rhinovirus C species in samples from Queensland, Australia and New York City, United States. The ICTV formally designated RV-C as a separate species in 2009.
Transmission
Rhinoviruses may be spread via airborne aerosols, respiratory droplets and from fomites (contaminated surfaces), including direct person-to-person contact. Rhinoviruses can survive on surfaces such as stainless steel or plastic for several hours. Airborne precautions are likely effective in reducing transmission, while other precautions such as hand-washing or cleaning surfaces with disinfectants are known effective in preventing rhinovirus transmission.
Signs and symptoms
Main article: Common coldRhinoviruses are the primary cause of the common cold. Symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and cough; sometimes accompanied by muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headache, muscle weakness, or loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are less common in rhinovirus infection compared to influenza.
Epidemiology
Rhinoviruses can be detected year-round; however, the incidence of rhinovirus is higher in the autumn and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April in the northern hemisphere. The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year and to people spending more time indoors thereby increasing the chance of transmission of the virus. Lower ambient temperatures, especially outdoors, may also be a factor given that rhinoviruses preferentially replicate at 33 °C (91.4 °F) as opposed to 37 °C (98.6 °F). Other climate factors such as humidity may influence rhinovirus seasonality. Young children (<5 years old) experience a high rate of infection which can be detected in community surveillance studies of children up to 34% of the year.
Those most affected by rhinoviruses are infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised people.
Pathogenesis
The primary route of entry for human rhinoviruses is the upper respiratory tract (mouth and nose). Rhinovirus A and B use "major" ICAM-1 (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1), also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54), on respiratory epithelial cells, as receptors to bind to. Some subgroups under A and B uses the "minor" LDL receptor instead. Rhinovirus C uses cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) to mediate cellular entry. As the virus replicates and spreads, infected cells release distress signals known as chemokines and cytokines (which in turn activate inflammatory mediators).
Infection occurs rapidly, with the virus adhering to surface receptors within 15 minutes of entering the respiratory tract. Just over 50% of individuals will experience symptoms within 2 days of infection. Only about 5% of cases will have an incubation period of less than 20 hours, and, at the other extreme, it is expected that 5% of cases would have an incubation period of greater than four and a half days.
Human rhinoviruses preferentially grow at 33 °C (91.4 °F), notably colder than the average human body temperature of 37 °C (98.6 °F), hence the virus's tendency to infect the upper respiratory tract, where respiratory airflow is in continual contact with the (colder) extrasomatic environment.
Rhinovirus A and C species viruses are more strongly associated with significant illness and wheezing, while rhinovirus B species are more commonly mild or asymptomatic.
Taxonomy
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of enterovirus species A, B, C, D and rhinovirus A, B, C isolates from Latin America. The 5'UTR region is much more affected by recombination events than the VP4/VP2 coding sequence. The paraphyletic nature of "rhinovirus" is visible.
Rhinovirus was formerly classified as a genus of the family Picornaviridae. The 39th Executive Committee (EC39) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) met in Canada during June 2007 with new taxonomic proposals. In April 2008, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses voted and ratified the following changes:
2005.264V.04 To remove the following species from the existing genus Rhinovirus in the family Picornaviridae:
Human rhinovirus A
Human rhinovirus B
2005.265V.04 To assign the following species to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae:
Human rhinovirus A
Human rhinovirus B
2005.266V.04 To remove the existing genus Rhinovirus from the family Picornaviridae. Note: The genus Rhinovirus hereby disappears.
The merge is based on the grounds that the two "genera" of viruses are not significantly different in a virological sense. They have identical genome organizations and particle structures, and the phylogeny is not always monophyletic.
In July 2009, the ICTV voted and ratified a proposal to add a third species, Human rhinovirus C to the genus Enterovirus.
2008.084V.A.HRV-C-Sp 2008.084V To create a new species named Human rhinovirus C in the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae.
There have been a total of 215 taxonomic proposals, which have been approved and ratified since the 8th ICTV Report of 2005.
Types
Prior to 2020, enteroviruses (including all rhinoviruses) were categorized according to their serotype. In 2020 the ICTV ratified a proposal to classify all new types based on the genetic diversity of their VP1 gene.
Human rhinovirus type names are of the form RV-Xn where X is the rhinovirus species (A, B, or C) and n is an index number. Species A and B have used the same index up to number 100, while species C has always used a separate index. Valid index numbers are as follows:
Rhinovirus A: 1, 1B, 2, 7–13, 15, 16, 18–25, 28–34, 36, 38–41, 43–47, 49–51, 53–68, 71, 73–78, 80–82, 85, 88–90, 94–96, 100–108
Rhinovirus B: 3–6, 14, 17, 26, 27, 35, 37, 42, 48, 52, 69, 70, 72, 79, 83, 84, 86, 91–93, 97, 99, 100-104
Rhinovirus C: 1–57
Structure
Human rhinovirus genome, virion structure, and species
Rhinoviruses have single-stranded positive sense RNA genomes of between 7200 and 8500 nucleotides in length. At the 5' end of the genome is a virus-encoded protein and, as in mammalian mRNA, there is a 3' poly-A tail. Structural proteins are encoded in the 5' region of the genome and non structural at the 3' end. This is the same for all picornaviruses. The viral particles themselves are not enveloped and are dodecahedral in structure.
The viral proteins are translated as a single long polypeptide, which is cleaved into the structural and nonstructural viral proteins.
The structure of the virus was determined in 1985 using x-ray crystallography by researcher at Purdue University and the University of Wisconsin led by Michael Rossmann. The virus was crystallized forming cubic crystals with four virus particles in each unit cell (space group P213, no. 198), similar to a cubic close-packed arrangement.
Human rhinoviruses are composed of a capsid that contains four viral proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4. VP1, VP2, and VP3 form the major part of the protein capsid. The much smaller VP4 protein has a more extended structure, and lies at the interface between the capsid and the RNA genome. There are 60 copies of each of these proteins assembled as an icosahedron. Antibodies are a major defense against infection with the epitopes lying on the exterior regions of VP1-VP3.
Novel antiviral drugs
There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs to treat rhinovirus infections. Several novel antiviral compounds have been tested in clinical trials without sufficient efficacy to progress to FDA approval. Compounds specifically targeted for rhinoviruses, or more broadly, picornaviruses, include the following:
Rupintrivir is a peptidomimetic drug developed for treatment of rhinovirus infections. Rupintrivir inhibits human rhinovirus 3Cprotease and prevents cleavage of the rhinovirus polyprotein following translation, therefore preventing viral assembly and replication. A phase II clinical trial of rupintrivir using experimentally induced rhinovirus infection in healthy volunteers demonstrated efficacy in reducing viral load and symptom severity. However, further trials testing rupintrivir in treating natural infections showed minimal benefit, and further clinical development was halted.
Pleconaril is an orally bioavailable antiviral drug developed for the treatment of infections caused by picornaviruses. This drug acts by binding to a hydrophobic pocket in VP1, and stabilizes the protein capsid to such an extent that the virus cannot release its RNA genome into the target cell. Phase III clinical trials showed a slight reduction in symptom duration if taken within 24 hours of symptom onset. However, the FDA denied approval of pleconaril due to concerns about side effects, limited efficacy in non-white participants, and difficulty in treating most patients within a 24 hour window.
Other treatments aiming to reduce rhinovirus infection symptoms include immunomodulatory agents. These may promote beneficial antiviral responses or reduce inflammatory responses associated with symptoms. Interferon-alpha used intranasally was shown to be effective against human rhinovirus infections. However, volunteers treated with this drug experienced some side effects, such as nasal bleeding and began developing tolerance to the drug. Subsequently, research into the treatment was abandoned. Inhaled budesonide has been shown to reduce viral load and pro-inflammatory IL-1β in mice. Omalizumab, which was developed for treatment of severe allergic asthma, has shown evidence in reducing symptom severity of asthma patients infected with rhinovirus.
Vaccine development
There are no vaccines against these viruses as there is little-to-no cross-protection between serotypes. At least 165 types of human rhinoviruses are known. However, a study of the VP4 protein has shown it to be highly conserved among many serotypes of human rhinovirus, opening up the potential for a future pan-serotype human rhinovirus vaccine. A similar result was obtained with the VP1 protein. Like VP4, VP1 also occasionally "pokes" out of the viral particle, making it available to neutralizing antibodies. Both peptides have been tested on rabbits, resulting in successful generation of cross-serotype antibodies.
Rhinovirus genome has a high rate of variability in human circulation, even occurring with genomic sequences that differ up to 30%. Recent studies have identified conserved regions of the rhinovirus genome; this, along with an adjuvanted polyvalent rhinovirus vaccine, shows potential for future development in vaccine treatment.
Prevention
Main article: Common cold § Prevention
Human rhinovirus can remain infectious for up to three hours outside of a human host. Once the virus is contracted, a person is most contagious within the first three days. Preventative measures such as regular vigorous handwashing with soap and water may aid in avoiding infection. Avoiding touching the mouth, eyes, and nose (the most common entry points for rhinovirus) may also assist prevention. Droplet precautions, which take the form of a surgical mask and gloves, are the method used in major hospitals. As with all respiratory pathogens once presumed to transmit via respiratory droplets, it is highly likely to be carried by the aerosols generated during routine breathing, talking, and even singing. In order to prevent airborne transmission, droplet precautions are insufficient, and routine airborne precautions are necessary.
References
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External links
VIDEO: Rhinoviruses, the Old, the New and the UW James E. Gern, MD, speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2008.
How Big is a Human rhinovirus? (animation)
vteBaltimore (virus classification)DNAI: dsDNA virusesAdnaviriaZilligviraeTaleaviricotaTokiviricetesLigamenvirales
Lipothrixviridae
Rudiviridae
Primavirales
Tristromaviridae
DuplodnaviriaHeunggongviraePeploviricotaHerviviricetesHerpesvirales
Alloherpesviridae
Herpesviridae
Malacoherpesviridae
UroviricotaCaudoviricetesCaudovirales
Ackermannviridae
Autographiviridae
Chaseviridae
Demerecviridae
Drexlerviridae
Guelinviridae
Herelleviridae
Myoviridae
Podoviridae
Rountreeviridae
Salasmaviridae
Schitoviridae
Siphoviridae
Zobellviridae
MonodnaviriaShotokuviraeCossaviricotaPapovaviricetesSepolyvirales
Polyomaviridae
Zurhausenvirales
Papillomaviridae
VaridnaviriaBamfordviraeNucleocytoviricotaPokkesviricetesAsfuvirales
Asfarviridae
Chitovirales
Poxviridae
MegaviricetesAlgavirales
Phycodnaviridae
Imitervirales
Mimiviridae
Pimascovirales
Ascoviridae
Iridoviridae
Marseilleviridae
PreplasmiviricotaMaveriviricetesPriklausovirales
Lavidaviridae
PolintoviricetesOrthopolintovirales
Adintoviridae
TectiliviricetesBelfryvirales
Turriviridae
Kalamavirales
Tectiviridae
Rowavirales
Adenoviridae
Vinavirales
Corticoviridae
HelvetiaviraeDividoviricotaLaserviricetesHalopanivirales
Matshushitaviridae
Simuloviridae
Sphaerolipoviridae
UnassignedNaldaviricetesLefavirales
Baculoviridae
Hytrosaviridae
Nudiviridae
Unassigned
Nimaviridae
Unassigned
Families: Ampullaviridae
Bicaudaviridae
Clavaviridae
Fuselloviridae
Globuloviridae
Guttaviridae
Halspiviridae
Ovaliviridae
Plasmaviridae
Polydnaviridae
Portogloboviridae
Thaspiviridae
Genera: Dinodnavirus
Rhizidiovirus
II: ssDNA virusesMonodnaviriaLoebviraeHofneiviricotaFaserviricetesTubulavirales
Inoviridae
Paulinoviridae
Plectroviridae
SangerviraePhixviricotaMalgrandaviricetesPetitvirales
Microviridae
ShotokuviraeCossaviricotaMouviricetesPolivirales
Bidnaviridae
QuintoviricetesPiccovirales
Parvoviridae
CressdnaviricotaArfiviricetesBaphyvirales
Bacilladnaviridae
Cirlivirales
Circoviridae
Cremevirales
Smacoviridae
Mulpavirales
Metaxyviridae
Nanoviridae
Recrevirales
Redondoviridae
RepensiviricetesGeplafuvirales
Geminiviridae
Genomoviridae
TrapaviraeSaleviricotaHuolimaviricetesHaloruvirales
Pleolipoviridae
Unassigned
Families: Anelloviridae
Finnlakeviridae
Spiraviridae
RNAIII: dsRNA virusesRiboviriaOrthornaviraeDuplornaviricotaChrymotiviricetesGhabrivirales
Chrysoviridae
Megabirnaviridae
Quadriviridae
Totiviridae
ResentoviricetesReovirales
Reoviridae
VidaverviricetesMindivirales
Cystoviridae
PisuviricotaDuplopiviricetesDurnavirales
Amalgaviridae
Curvulaviridae
Hypoviridae
Picobirnaviridae
Partitiviridae
Unassigned
Families: Birnaviridae
Polymycoviridae
Genera: Botybirnavirus
IV: (+)ssRNA virusesRiboviriaOrthornaviraeKitrinoviricotaAlsuviricetesHepelivirales
Alphatetraviridae
Benyviridae
Hepeviridae
Matonaviridae
Martellivirales
Bromoviridae
Closteroviridae
Endornaviridae
Kitaviridae
Mayoviridae
Togaviridae
Virgaviridae
Tymovirales
Alphaflexiviridae
Betaflexiviridae
Deltaflexiviridae
Gammaflexiviridae
Tymoviridae
FlasuviricetesAmarillovirales
Flaviviridae
MagsaviricetesNodamuvirales
Nodaviridae
Sinhaliviridae
TolucaviricetesTolivirales
Carmotetraviridae
Luteoviridae
Tombusviridae
LenarviricotaLeviviricetesNorzivirales
Atkinsviridae
Duinviridae
Fiersviridae
Solspiviridae
Timlovirales
Blumeviridae
Steitzviridae
AmabiliviricetesWolframvirales
Narnaviridae
HoweltoviricetesCryppavirales
Mitoviridae
MiaviricetesOurlivirales
Botourmiaviridae
PisuviricotaPisoniviricetesNidovirales
Abyssoviridae
Arteriviridae
Cremegaviridae
Coronaviridae
Euroniviridae
Gresnaviridae
Medioniviridae
Mesoniviridae
Mononiviridae
Nanghoshaviridae
Nanhypoviridae
Olifoviridae
Roniviridae
Tobaniviridae
Picornavirales
Picornaviridae
Marnaviridae
Solinviviridae
Caliciviridae
Iflaviridae
Secoviridae
Dicistroviridae
Polycipiviridae
Sobelivirales
Alvernaviridae
Barnaviridae
Solemoviridae
StelpaviricetesPatatavirales
Potyviridae
Stellavirales
Astroviridae
Unassigned
Families: Permutotetraviridae
Sarthroviridae
V: (–)ssRNA virusesRiboviriaOrthornaviraeNegarnaviricotaChunqiuviricetesMuvirales
Qinviridae
EllioviricetesBunyavirales
Cruliviridae
Arenaviridae
Fimoviridae
Hantaviridae
Leishbuviridae
Mypoviridae
Nairoviridae
Peribunyaviridae
Phasmaviridae
Phenuiviridae
Tospoviridae
Wupedeviridae
InsthoviricetesArticulavirales
Amnoonviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
MilneviricetesSerpentovirales
Aspiviridae
MonjiviricetesJingchuvirales
Aliusviridae
Chuviridae
Crepuscuviridae
Myriaviridae
Natareviridae
Mononegavirales
Artoviridae
Bornaviridae
Filoviridae
Lispiviridae
Mymonaviridae
Nyamiviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Pneumoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Sunviridae
Xinmoviridae
YunchangviricetesGoujianvirales
Yueviridae
RTVI: ssRNA-RT virusesRiboviriaPararnaviraeArtverviricotaRevtraviricetesOrtervirales
Belpaoviridae
Metaviridae
Pseudoviridae
Retroviridae
VII: dsDNA-RT virusesRiboviriaPararnaviraeArtverviricotaRevtraviricetesBlubervirales
Hepadnaviridae
Ortervirales
Caulimoviridae
vteCommon coldViruses
Adenovirus
Coronavirus
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Symptoms
Cough
Fatigue
Fever
Headache
Loss of appetite
Malaise
Muscle aches
Nasal congestion
Rhinorrhea
Sneezing
Sore throat
Weakness
Complications
Acute bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Croup
Otitis media
Pharyngitis
Pneumonia
Sinusitis
Strep throat
Drugs
Antiviral drugs
Taxon identifiersViula
Wikidata: Q1351647
GBIF: 4819384
iNaturalist: 199586
IRMNG: 1330291
Authority control databases: National
France
BnF data
Israel
United States
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ancient Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language"},{"link_name":"romanized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek"},{"link_name":"gen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case"},{"link_name":"Latin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_language"},{"link_name":"vīrus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus#Etymology"},{"link_name":"positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-sense_single_stranded_RNA_virus"},{"link_name":"genus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus"},{"link_name":"Enterovirus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterovirus"},{"link_name":"Picornaviridae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus"},{"link_name":"common cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold"},{"link_name":"antigens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigens"},{"link_name":"genetics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ictv.global-1"},{"link_name":"smallpox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox"},{"link_name":"vaccinia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinia"},{"link_name":"nanometers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometer"},{"link_name":"influenza viruses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae"},{"link_name":"aerosols","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol"},{"link_name":"fomites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wang_2021-2"},{"link_name":"epithelial cells","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_cells"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jacobs_Lamson_et_al_2013-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-www.cdc.gov_2023-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"asthma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"FDA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA"},{"link_name":"vaccines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-www.cdc.gov_2023-4"}],"text":"The rhinovirus (from the Ancient Greek: ῥίς, romanized: rhis \"nose\", gen ῥινός, romanized: rhinos \"of the nose\", and the Latin: vīrus) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Rhinovirus is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold.The three species of rhinovirus (A, B, and C) include at least 165 recognized types that differ according to their surface antigens or genetics.[1] They are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers. By comparison, other viruses, such as smallpox and vaccinia, are around ten times larger at about 300 nanometers, while influenza viruses are around 80–120 nm.Rhinoviruses are transmitted through aerosols, respiratory droplets, fomites, and direct person-to-person contact.[2] They primarily infect nasal epithelial cells in the airway and cause mild symptoms such as sore throat, cough, and nasal congestion.[3][4] However, rhinovirus infection can cause more severe disease in infants,[5][6] the elderly, and the immunocompromised. Rhinoviruses are also recognized as a major cause of asthma exacerbations.[7]As of April 2024, there are no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for rhinovirus infection.[4]","title":"Rhinovirus"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Winston Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Price"},{"link_name":"Johns Hopkins University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University"},{"link_name":"Johns Hopkins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Offit2007-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-PHR1959-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Kennedy-10"},{"link_name":"rhinovirus C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinovirus_C"},{"link_name":"ICTV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jacobs_Lamson_et_al_2013-3"}],"text":"In 1953, when a cluster of nurses developed a mild respiratory illness, Winston Price, from the Johns Hopkins University, took nasal passage samples and isolated the first rhinovirus, which he called the JH virus, named after Johns Hopkins.[8][9] His findings were published in 1956.[10]In 2006, advancements in molecular testing techniques for identifying rhinoviruses in clinical specimens led to the discovery of rhinovirus C species in samples from Queensland, Australia and New York City, United States. The ICTV formally designated RV-C as a separate species in 2009.[3]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"aerosols","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosols"},{"link_name":"respiratory droplets","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_droplet"},{"link_name":"fomites","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Wang_2021-2"},{"link_name":"Airborne precautions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_transmission"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-andrup_krogfelt_hansen_madsen_1-11"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"}],"text":"Rhinoviruses may be spread via airborne aerosols, respiratory droplets and from fomites (contaminated surfaces), including direct person-to-person contact.[2] Rhinoviruses can survive on surfaces such as stainless steel or plastic for several hours. Airborne precautions[11] are likely effective in reducing transmission, while other precautions such as hand-washing or cleaning surfaces with disinfectants are known effective in preventing rhinovirus transmission.[12]","title":"Transmission"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"common cold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold"},{"link_name":"Symptoms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom"},{"link_name":"sore throat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngitis"},{"link_name":"runny nose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis"},{"link_name":"nasal congestion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion"},{"link_name":"sneezing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneeze"},{"link_name":"cough","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough"},{"link_name":"muscle aches","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgia"},{"link_name":"fatigue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)"},{"link_name":"malaise","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaise"},{"link_name":"headache","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headache"},{"link_name":"muscle weakness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_weakness"},{"link_name":"loss of appetite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)"},{"link_name":"Fever","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever"},{"link_name":"exhaustion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)"},{"link_name":"influenza","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza"}],"text":"Rhinoviruses are the primary cause of the common cold. Symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and cough; sometimes accompanied by muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headache, muscle weakness, or loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are less common in rhinovirus infection compared to influenza.","title":"Signs and symptoms"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moriyama_2020-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moriyama_2020-13"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Royston_2016-15"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moriyama_2020-13"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"immunocompromised","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocompromised"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jacobs_Lamson_et_al_2013-3"}],"text":"Rhinoviruses can be detected year-round; however, the incidence of rhinovirus is higher in the autumn and winter, with most infections occurring between September and April in the northern hemisphere.[13] The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year and to people spending more time indoors thereby increasing the chance of transmission of the virus.[14] Lower ambient temperatures, especially outdoors, may also be a factor given that rhinoviruses preferentially replicate at 33 °C (91.4 °F) as opposed to 37 °C (98.6 °F).[13][15] Other climate factors such as humidity may influence rhinovirus seasonality.[13] Young children (<5 years old) experience a high rate of infection which can be detected in community surveillance studies of children up to 34% of the year.[16]Those most affected by rhinoviruses are infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised people.[3]","title":"Epidemiology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"respiratory tract","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_tract"},{"link_name":"mouth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth"},{"link_name":"nose","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nose"},{"link_name":"ICAM-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM-1"},{"link_name":"CD54","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD54"},{"link_name":"receptors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)"},{"link_name":"LDL receptor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Palmenberg2009-17"},{"link_name":"cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadherin_related_family_member_3"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"chemokines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokine"},{"link_name":"cytokines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine"},{"link_name":"incubation period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation_period"},{"link_name":"incubation period","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubation_period"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lessler_2009b-19"},{"link_name":"upper respiratory tract","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Moriyama_2020-13"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Royston_2016-15"},{"link_name":"wheezing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheezing"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jacobs_Lamson_et_al_2013-3"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"}],"text":"The primary route of entry for human rhinoviruses is the upper respiratory tract (mouth and nose). Rhinovirus A and B use \"major\" ICAM-1 (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1), also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54), on respiratory epithelial cells, as receptors to bind to. Some subgroups under A and B uses the \"minor\" LDL receptor instead.[17] Rhinovirus C uses cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) to mediate cellular entry.[18] As the virus replicates and spreads, infected cells release distress signals known as chemokines and cytokines (which in turn activate inflammatory mediators).Infection occurs rapidly, with the virus adhering to surface receptors within 15 minutes of entering the respiratory tract. Just over 50% of individuals will experience symptoms within 2 days of infection. Only about 5% of cases will have an incubation period of less than 20 hours, and, at the other extreme, it is expected that 5% of cases would have an incubation period of greater than four and a half days.[19]Human rhinoviruses preferentially grow at 33 °C (91.4 °F), notably colder than the average human body temperature of 37 °C (98.6 °F), hence the virus's tendency to infect the upper respiratory tract, where respiratory airflow is in continual contact with the (colder) extrasomatic environment.[13][15]Rhinovirus A and C species viruses are more strongly associated with significant illness and wheezing, while rhinovirus B species are more commonly mild or asymptomatic.[3][20]","title":"Pathogenesis"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phylogenetic_analyses_of_HRV_and_HEV.jpg"},{"link_name":"Maximum likelihood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_likelihood"},{"link_name":"phylogenetic trees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree"},{"link_name":"5'UTR","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%27UTR"},{"link_name":"coding sequence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding_sequence"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"phylogeny","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid31980941-23"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"}],"text":"Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of enterovirus species A, B, C, D and rhinovirus A, B, C isolates from Latin America. The 5'UTR region is much more affected by recombination events than the VP4/VP2 coding sequence. The paraphyletic nature of \"rhinovirus\" is visible.[21]Rhinovirus was formerly classified as a genus of the family Picornaviridae. The 39th Executive Committee (EC39) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) met in Canada during June 2007 with new taxonomic proposals. In April 2008, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses voted and ratified the following changes:[22]2005.264V.04 To remove the following species from the existing genus Rhinovirus in the family Picornaviridae:\nHuman rhinovirus A\nHuman rhinovirus B\n2005.265V.04 To assign the following species to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae:\nHuman rhinovirus A\nHuman rhinovirus B\n2005.266V.04 To remove the existing genus Rhinovirus from the family Picornaviridae. Note: The genus Rhinovirus hereby disappears.The merge is based on the grounds that the two \"genera\" of viruses are not significantly different in a virological sense. They have identical genome organizations and particle structures, and the phylogeny is not always monophyletic.[23]In July 2009, the ICTV voted and ratified a proposal to add a third species, Human rhinovirus C to the genus Enterovirus.[24]2008.084V.A.HRV-C-Sp 2008.084V To create a new species named Human rhinovirus C in the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae.There have been a total of 215 taxonomic proposals, which have been approved and ratified since the 8th ICTV Report of 2005.","title":"Taxonomy"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"serotype","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmid31980941-23"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ictv.global-1"}],"sub_title":"Types","text":"Prior to 2020, enteroviruses (including all rhinoviruses) were categorized according to their serotype. In 2020 the ICTV ratified a proposal[23] to classify all new types based on the genetic diversity of their VP1 gene.\nHuman rhinovirus type names are of the form RV-Xn where X is the rhinovirus species (A, B, or C) and n is an index number. Species A and B have used the same index up to number 100, while species C has always used a separate index. Valid index numbers are as follows:[1]Rhinovirus A: 1, 1B, 2, 7–13, 15, 16, 18–25, 28–34, 36, 38–41, 43–47, 49–51, 53–68, 71, 73–78, 80–82, 85, 88–90, 94–96, 100–108\nRhinovirus B: 3–6, 14, 17, 26, 27, 35, 37, 42, 48, 52, 69, 70, 72, 79, 83, 84, 86, 91–93, 97, 99, 100-104\nRhinovirus C: 1–57","title":"Taxonomy"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fmicb-08-02412-g001.jpg"},{"link_name":"positive sense","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-strand_RNA_virus"},{"link_name":"RNA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA"},{"link_name":"nucleotides","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide"},{"link_name":"genome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome"},{"link_name":"poly-A tail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly-A_tail"},{"link_name":"picornaviruses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus"},{"link_name":"enveloped","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope"},{"link_name":"dodecahedral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecahedral"},{"link_name":"polypeptide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypeptide"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"x-ray crystallography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography"},{"link_name":"Purdue University","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purdue_University"},{"link_name":"University of Wisconsin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin"},{"link_name":"Michael Rossmann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Rossmann"},{"link_name":"unit cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_cell"},{"link_name":"space group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_group"},{"link_name":"cubic close-packed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_close-packed"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rossmann_1985-26"},{"link_name":"capsid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsid"},{"link_name":"proteins","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rossmann_1985-26"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Smith_1986-27"},{"link_name":"icosahedron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosahedron"},{"link_name":"epitopes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitopes"}],"text":"Human rhinovirus genome, virion structure, and speciesRhinoviruses have single-stranded positive sense RNA genomes of between 7200 and 8500 nucleotides in length. At the 5' end of the genome is a virus-encoded protein and, as in mammalian mRNA, there is a 3' poly-A tail. Structural proteins are encoded in the 5' region of the genome and non structural at the 3' end. This is the same for all picornaviruses. The viral particles themselves are not enveloped and are dodecahedral in structure.The viral proteins are translated as a single long polypeptide, which is cleaved into the structural and nonstructural viral proteins.[25]The structure of the virus was determined in 1985 using x-ray crystallography by researcher at Purdue University and the University of Wisconsin led by Michael Rossmann. The virus was crystallized forming cubic crystals with four virus particles in each unit cell (space group P213, no. 198), similar to a cubic close-packed arrangement.[26]Human rhinoviruses are composed of a capsid that contains four viral proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4.[26][27] VP1, VP2, and VP3 form the major part of the protein capsid. The much smaller VP4 protein has a more extended structure, and lies at the interface between the capsid and the RNA genome. There are 60 copies of each of these proteins assembled as an icosahedron. Antibodies are a major defense against infection with the epitopes lying on the exterior regions of VP1-VP3.","title":"Structure"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"antiviral drugs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drugs"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-www.cdc.gov_2023-4"},{"link_name":"Rupintrivir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupintrivir"},{"link_name":"peptidomimetic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidomimetic"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-28"},{"link_name":"3Cprotease","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornain_3C"},{"link_name":"polyprotein","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis"},{"link_name":"experimentally induced rhinovirus infection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_challenge_study"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Coultas_2021-29"},{"link_name":"Pleconaril","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleconaril"},{"link_name":"bioavailable","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailable"},{"link_name":"picornaviruses","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornaviruses"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Pevear_1999-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-31"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Fleisher_2003-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34"},{"link_name":"Interferon-alpha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_I"},{"link_name":"tolerance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_tolerance"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Farr-35"},{"link_name":"budesonide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budesonide"},{"link_name":"IL-1β","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_1_beta"},{"link_name":"Omalizumab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omalizumab"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Coultas_2021-29"}],"text":"There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs to treat rhinovirus infections.[4] Several novel antiviral compounds have been tested in clinical trials without sufficient efficacy to progress to FDA approval. Compounds specifically targeted for rhinoviruses, or more broadly, picornaviruses, include the following:Rupintrivir is a peptidomimetic drug developed for treatment of rhinovirus infections.[28] Rupintrivir inhibits human rhinovirus 3Cprotease and prevents cleavage of the rhinovirus polyprotein following translation, therefore preventing viral assembly and replication. A phase II clinical trial of rupintrivir using experimentally induced rhinovirus infection in healthy volunteers demonstrated efficacy in reducing viral load and symptom severity. However, further trials testing rupintrivir in treating natural infections showed minimal benefit, and further clinical development was halted.[29]\nPleconaril is an orally bioavailable antiviral drug developed for the treatment of infections caused by picornaviruses.[30] This drug acts by binding to a hydrophobic pocket in VP1, and stabilizes the protein capsid to such an extent that the virus cannot release its RNA genome into the target cell. Phase III clinical trials showed a slight reduction in symptom duration if taken within 24 hours of symptom onset.[31][32] However, the FDA denied approval of pleconaril due to concerns about side effects, limited efficacy in non-white participants, and difficulty in treating most patients within a 24 hour window.[33][34]Other treatments aiming to reduce rhinovirus infection symptoms include immunomodulatory agents. These may promote beneficial antiviral responses or reduce inflammatory responses associated with symptoms. Interferon-alpha used intranasally was shown to be effective against human rhinovirus infections. However, volunteers treated with this drug experienced some side effects, such as nasal bleeding and began developing tolerance to the drug. Subsequently, research into the treatment was abandoned.[35] Inhaled budesonide has been shown to reduce viral load and pro-inflammatory IL-1β in mice. Omalizumab, which was developed for treatment of severe allergic asthma, has shown evidence in reducing symptom severity of asthma patients infected with rhinovirus.[29]","title":"Novel antiviral drugs"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"vaccines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine"},{"link_name":"serotypes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ictv.global-1"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-pmc4291752-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-39"}],"text":"There are no vaccines against these viruses as there is little-to-no cross-protection between serotypes. At least 165 types of human rhinoviruses are known.[1] However, a study of the VP4 protein has shown it to be highly conserved among many serotypes of human rhinovirus, opening up the potential for a future pan-serotype human rhinovirus vaccine.[36] A similar result was obtained with the VP1 protein. Like VP4, VP1 also occasionally \"pokes\" out of the viral particle, making it available to neutralizing antibodies. Both peptides have been tested on rabbits, resulting in successful generation of cross-serotype antibodies.[37]Rhinovirus genome has a high rate of variability in human circulation, even occurring with genomic sequences that differ up to 30%.[38] Recent studies have identified conserved regions of the rhinovirus genome; this, along with an adjuvanted polyvalent rhinovirus vaccine, shows potential for future development in vaccine treatment.[39]","title":"Vaccine development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"handwashing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwashing"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-40"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-prather_jimenez_marr_1-41"}],"text":"Human rhinovirus can remain infectious for up to three hours outside of a human host. Once the virus is contracted, a person is most contagious within the first three days. Preventative measures such as regular vigorous handwashing with soap and water may aid in avoiding infection. Avoiding touching the mouth, eyes, and nose (the most common entry points for rhinovirus) may also assist prevention. Droplet precautions, which take the form of a surgical mask and gloves, are the method used in major hospitals.[40] As with all respiratory pathogens once presumed to transmit via respiratory droplets, it is highly likely to be carried by the aerosols generated during routine breathing, talking, and even singing. In order to prevent airborne transmission, droplet precautions are insufficient, and routine airborne precautions are necessary.[41]","title":"Prevention"}]
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[{"image_text":"Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of enterovirus species A, B, C, D and rhinovirus A, B, C isolates from Latin America. The 5'UTR region is much more affected by recombination events than the VP4/VP2 coding sequence. The paraphyletic nature of \"rhinovirus\" is visible.[21]","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Phylogenetic_analyses_of_HRV_and_HEV.jpg/220px-Phylogenetic_analyses_of_HRV_and_HEV.jpg"},{"image_text":"Human rhinovirus genome, virion structure, and species","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Fmicb-08-02412-g001.jpg/220px-Fmicb-08-02412-g001.jpg"}]
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[{"reference":"\"Genus: Enterovirus | ICTV\". ictv.global. Retrieved 2023-12-29.","urls":[{"url":"https://ictv.global/report/chapter/picornaviridae/picornaviridae/enterovirus","url_text":"\"Genus: Enterovirus | ICTV\""}]},{"reference":"Wang CC, Prather KA, Sznitman J, Jimenez JL, Lakdawala SS, Tufekci Z, et al. (August 2021). \"Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses\". Science. 373 (6558): eabd9149. doi:10.1126/science.abd9149. PMC 8721651. 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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkesia
|
Waterthrush
|
["1 Taxonomy","2 Species","3 References"]
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Genus of birds
Waterthrushes
Louisiana waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Family:
Parulidae
Genus:
ParkesiaSangster, 2008
Type species
Motacilla noveboracensisGmelin JF, 1789
Species
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla
The waterthrushes are a genus of New World warbler, Parkesia.
The genus was split from Seiurus, which previously contained both waterthrush species and the ovenbird. When the genera split, the ovenbird was the only member left in Seiurus (making it a monotypic genus).
Taxonomy
The genus Parkesia was introduced in 2008 by George Sangster with the northern waterthrush as the type species. The generic name was chosen to honor the American ornithologist Kenneth Carroll Parkes, who was for many years Curator of Birds at Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
Species
The genus contains two species.
Image
Scientific name
Common Name
Distribution
Parkesia noveboracensis
Northern waterthrush
North America in Canada and the northern United States including Alaska
Parkesia motacilla
Louisiana waterthrush
eastern North America and winters in the West Indies and Central America
References
^ Lovette, I. J.; Pérez-Emán, J. L.; Sullivan, J. P.; Banks, R. C.; Fiorentino, I.; Córdoba-Córdoba, S.; Echeverry-Galvis, M. A.; Barker, F. K.; Burns, K. J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S. M.; Bermingham, E. (2010). "A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (2): 753–770. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018.
^ Sangster, G. (2008). "A new genus for the waterthrushes (Parulidae)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 128: 212–215..
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
vteGenera of finches, sparrows and tanagers
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Suborder: Passeri
Infraorder: Passerida
Superfamily: Passeroidea
PasseroideaEstrildidaeAmandavinae
Amadina
Amandava
Ortygospiza
Erythrurinae
Chloebia
Erythrura
Estrildinae
Brunhilda
Coccopygia
Cryptospiza
Delacourella
Estrilda
Glaucestrilda
Mandingoa
Nesocharis
Nigrita
Parmoptila
Lagonostictinae
Clytospiza
Euschistospiza
Granatina
Hypargos
Lagonosticta
Pyrenestes
Pytilia
Spermophaga
Uraeginthus
Lonchurinae
Euodice
Lepidopygia
Lonchura
Mayrimunia
Padda
Spermestes
Poephilinae
Aidemosyne
Bathilda
Emblema
Heteromunia
Neochmia
Oreostruthus
Poephila
Stagonopleura
Stizoptera
Taeniopygia
Passeridae
Carpospiza
Gymnoris
Hypocryptadius
Montifringilla
Onychostruthus
Passer
Petronia
Pyrgilauda
Ploceidae
Amblyospiza
Anaplectes
Brachycope
Bubalornis
Dinemellia
Euplectes
Foudia
Histurgops
Malimbus
Philetairus
Plocepasser
Ploceus
Pseudonigrita
Quelea
Sporopipes
Prunellidae
Prunella
Urocynchramidae
Urocynchramus
Viduidae
Anomalospiza
Vidua
Nine-primaried oscines
See below ↓
Nine-primaried oscinesFringillidaeCarduelinae
Acanthis
Agraphospiza
†Aidemedia
†Akialoa
Bucanetes
Callacanthis
Carduelis
Carpodacus
†Chloridops
Chloris
Chlorodrepanis
Chrysocorythus
†Ciridops
Coccothraustes
Crithagra
Drepanis
†Dysmorodrepanis
Eophona
Haemorhous
Hemignathus
Hesperiphona
Himatione
Leucosticte
Linaria
Linurgus
Loxia
Loxioides
Loxops
Magumma
†Melamprosops
Mycerobas
Oreomystis
†Orthiospiza
Palmeria
Paroreomyza
Pinicola
Procarduelis
Pseudonestor
†Psittirostra
Pyrrhula
Pyrrhoplectes
†Rhodacanthis
Rhodopechys
Rhodospiza
Rhynchostruthus
Serinus
Spinus
Telespiza
†Vangulifer
†Viridonia
†Xestospiza
Euphoniinae
Chlorophonia
Euphonia
Fringillinae
Fringilla
Motacillidae
Anthus
Dendronanthus
Macronyx
Motacilla
Tmetothylacus
Peucedramidae
Peucedramus
Emberizoidea
See below ↓
EmberizoideaCalcariidae
Calcarius
Plectrophenax
Rhynchophanes
Calyptophilidae
Calyptophilus
Cardinalidae
Amaurospiza
Cardinalis
Caryothraustes
Chlorothraupis
Cyanocompsa
Cyanoloxia
Granatellus
Habia
Passerina
Periporphyrus
Pheucticus
Piranga
Spiza
Emberizidae
Emberiza
Icteridae
See below ↓
Icteriidae
Icteria
Mitrospingidae
Lamprospiza
Mitrospingus
Orthogonys
Nesospingidae
Nesospingus
Parulidae
Basileuterus
Cardellina
Catharopeza
Geothlypis
Helmitheros
Leucopeza
Leiothlypis
Limnothlypis
Mniotilta
Myioborus
Myiothlypis
Oporornis
Oreothlypis
Parkesia
Protonotaria
Seiurus
Setophaga
Vermivora
Passerellidae
Aimophila
Ammodramus
Ammospiza
Amphispiza
Amphispizopsis
Arremon
Arremonops
Artemisiospiza
Atlapetes
Calamospiza
Centronyx
Chlorospingus
Chondestes
Junco
Melospiza
Melozone
Oreothraupis
Oriturus
Passerculus
Passerella
†Pedinorhis
Peucaea
Pezopetes
Pipilo
Pooecetes
Rhynchospiza
Spizella
Spizelloides
Torreornis
Xenospiza
Zonotrichia
Phaenicophilidae
Microligea
Phaenicophilus
Xenoligea
Rhodinocichlidae
Rhodinocichla
Spindalidae
Spindalis
Teretistridae
Teretistris
Thraupidae
See below ↓
Icteridaeincertae sedis
†Cremaster
†Pandanaris
†Pyelorhamphus
Agelaiinae
Agelaioides
Agelaius
Agelasticus
Amblyramphus
Anumara
Chrysomus
Curaeus
Dives
Euphagus
Gnorimopsar
Gymnomystax
Hypopyrrhus
Lampropsar
Macroagelaius
Molothrus
Nesopsar
Oreopsar
Pseudoleistes
Ptiloxena
Quiscalus
Xanthopsar
Amblycercinae
Amblycercus
Cassicinae
Cacicus
Cassiculus
Psarocolius
Dolichonychinae
Dolichonyx
Icterinae
Icterus
Sturnellinae
Leistes
Sturnella
Xanthocephalinae
Xanthocephalus
ThraupidaeCatamblyrhynchinae
Catamblyrhynchus
Charitospizinae
Charitospiza
Parkerthraustes
Coerebinae
Asemospiza
Camarhynchus
Certhidea
Coereba
Euneornis
Geospiza
Loxigilla
Loxipasser
Melanospiza
Melopyrrha
Phonipara
Pinaroloxias
Platyspiza
Tiaris
Dacninae
Cyanerpes
Dacnis
Tersina
Diglossinae
Acanthidops
Catamenia
Conirostrum
Diglossa
Geospizopsis
Haplospiza
Idiopsar
Melanodera
Nesospiza
Phrygilus
Rowettia
Sicalis
Xenodacnis
Emberizoidinae
Coryphaspiza
Emberizoides
Embernagra
Hemithraupinae
Chrysothlypis
Chlorophanes
Hemithraupis
Heterospingus
Iridophanes
Nemosiinae
Compsothraupis
Cyanicterus
Nemosia
Sericossypha
Orchesticinae
Orchesticus
Poospizinae
Castanozoster
Cnemoscopus
Cypsnagra
Donacospiza
Kleinothraupis
Microspingus
Nephelornis
Piezorina
Poospiza
Poospizopsis
Pseudospingus
Sphenopsis
Thlypopsis
Urothraupis
Xenospingus
Porphyrospizinae
Incaspiza
Rhopospina
Saltatorinae
Saltator
Saltatricula
Sporophilinae
Sporophila
Tachyphoninae
Conothraupis
Coryphospingus
Creurgops
Eucometis
Heliothraupis
Lanio
Loriotus
Ramphocelus
Rhodospingus
Tachyphonus
Trichothraupis
Volatinia
Thraupinae
Anisognathus
Bangsia
Buthraupis
Calochaetes
Chalcothraupis
Chlorochrysa
Chlorornis
Cissopis
Cnemathraupis
Diuca
Dubusia
Iridosornis
Ixothraupis
Lophospingus
Neothraupis
Paroaria
Pipraeidea
Poecilostreptus
Pseudosaltator
Rauenia
Schistochlamys
Sporathraupis
Stephanophorus
Stilpnia
Tangara
Tephrophilus
Thraupis
Wetmorethraupis
Taxon identifiersParkesia
Wikidata: Q849703
Wikispecies: Parkesia
BioLib: 30459
BOLD: 670019
CoL: 6HWL
GBIF: 6093857
iNaturalist: 71741
IRMNG: 1270235
ITIS: 950005
NBN: NHMSYS0021003396
NCBI: 1540935
Open Tree of Life: 5857352
WoRMS: 567885
Authority control databases: National
Israel
United States
This Parulidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Lovette, I. J.; Pérez-Emán, J. L.; Sullivan, J. P.; Banks, R. C.; Fiorentino, I.; Córdoba-Córdoba, S.; Echeverry-Galvis, M. A.; Barker, F. K.; Burns, K. J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S. M.; Bermingham, E. (2010). \"A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)\". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (2): 753–770. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.07.018","url_text":"10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018"}]},{"reference":"Sangster, G. (2008). \"A new genus for the waterthrushes (Parulidae)\". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 128: 212–215.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45653810","url_text":"\"A new genus for the waterthrushes (Parulidae)\""}]},{"reference":"Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). \"New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers\". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 November 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)","url_text":"Gill, Frank"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Rasmussen","url_text":"Rasmussen, Pamela"},{"url":"https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/warblers/","url_text":"\"New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.07.018","external_links_name":"10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.018"},{"Link":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45653810","external_links_name":"\"A new genus for the waterthrushes (Parulidae)\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/warblers/","external_links_name":"\"New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers\""},{"Link":"https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id30459","external_links_name":"30459"},{"Link":"http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=670019","external_links_name":"670019"},{"Link":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6HWL","external_links_name":"6HWL"},{"Link":"https://www.gbif.org/species/6093857","external_links_name":"6093857"},{"Link":"https://inaturalist.org/taxa/71741","external_links_name":"71741"},{"Link":"https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1270235","external_links_name":"1270235"},{"Link":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=950005","external_links_name":"950005"},{"Link":"https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0021003396","external_links_name":"NHMSYS0021003396"},{"Link":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1540935","external_links_name":"1540935"},{"Link":"https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=5857352","external_links_name":"5857352"},{"Link":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=567885","external_links_name":"567885"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007400379505171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2016002548","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waterthrush&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Table_(British_Columbia)
|
The Table (British Columbia)
|
["1 Geology","2 In Film","3 See also","4 References"]
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Coordinates: 49°53′42″N 123°00′47″W / 49.89500°N 123.01306°W / 49.89500; -123.01306This article is about Table Mountain in British Columbia. For other uses, see Table Mountain (disambiguation). For other uses, see The Table (disambiguation).
The TableThe Table rises above the southwest side of Garibaldi LakeHighest pointElevation2,021 m (6,631 ft)Prominence251 m (823 ft)ListingMountains of British ColumbiaCoordinates49°53′42″N 123°00′47″W / 49.89500°N 123.01306°W / 49.89500; -123.01306GeographyThe TableBritish Columbia, CanadaShow map of British ColumbiaThe TableThe Table (Canada)Show map of Canada
DistrictNew Westminster Land DistrictParent rangeGaribaldi RangesTopo mapNTS 92G14 Cheakamus RiverGeologyAge of rockHoloceneMountain typeTuyaVolcanic arc/beltCanadian Cascade ArcGaribaldi Volcanic BeltLast eruptionHoloceneClimbingFirst ascent1916 Tom Fyles
The Table, sometimes called Table Mountain, is a 2,021-metre (6,631 ft) high flow-dominated andesite tuya located 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Garibaldi Lake, 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Cheekye and 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Mount Garibaldi, British Columbia, Canada. It rises over 530 metres (1,740 ft) above the surface of Garibaldi Lake, which lies less than 1 kilometre (1 mi) to the north.
The Table is almost impossible to climb because sections of the volcano have collapsed, creating steep and exceptionally rotten rock walls on all sides.
Geology
The Table as seen from Black Tusk Meadows
The Table is part of the Garibaldi Lake volcanic field, a volcanic field that includes a group of nine small andesitic stratovolcanoes and basaltic andesite vents formed during the early Holocene. This in turn is part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt and of the Cascade Volcanic Arc that run from southwestern British Columbia to northern California caused by subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate and Explorer Plate under the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.
Canadian geologist Bill Mathews proposed in 1951 that The Table formed when magma intruded into and melted a vertical tube in the overlying Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The partially molten mass of hornblende-phyric andesite cooled as a large block, with gravity flattening its upper surface. Horizontal columns occur at numerous locations along the periphery of the mass. The absence of glacial erosion of the tuya suggests that it erupted during the early Holocene, just prior to the disappearance of the ice sheet. Similar formations can be found in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province and elsewhere in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt.
In Film
The Table is featured in Agent Cody Banks and in Stargate: The Ark of Truth in which it is the site of the village where the Ark was hidden. The title sequence of the film features The Table, with a graphics overlay of the village superimposed on it, as well as an aerial tour of the Mount Garibaldi and Tantalus Range area.
See also
The north face of Mount Garibaldi rises above The Table and Garibaldi Lake
Cascade Volcanoes
Garibaldi Volcanic Belt
List of volcanoes in Canada
Volcanism of Canada
Volcanism of Western Canada
References
^ a b "The Table". Bivouac.com. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
^ a b "The Table". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
Sources
Mathews, W. H. (1951). "The Table, a Flat-Topped Volcano in Southern British Columbia". American Journal of Science. 249 (11): 830–841. doi:10.2475/ajs.249.11.830.
Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen, eds. (1990). Volcanoes of North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43811-X.
Harris, Stephen L. (2005). Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes (3rd ed.). Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87842-511-X.
vtePacific RangesRanges
Bendor
Britannia
Bunster
Cadwallader
Calliope
Camelsfoot
Cantilever
Caren
Cayley
Chilcotin
Colville
Conical
Douglas
Earle
Edwards
Fannin
Fitzsimmons
Franklyn
Fraser
Garibaldi
Gastineau
Georgina
Koeye
Lewis
Lillooet
Meager
Namu
Nicholl
Niut
North Shore
Pantheon
Pembroke
Sir Harry
Tantalus
Tottenham
Unwin
Waddington
Wharncliffe
Whitemantle
Mountains
Akasik
Alfred
Alice
Arthur
Asperity
Birkenhead
Bishop
The Black Tusk
Blackcomb
Blanshard
Brandywine
Breakenridge
Brew
Brew
Burke
Callaghan
Capricorn
Castle Towers
Cauldron
Cayley
Cinder Cone
Clarke
Coquitlam
Crevasse Crag
Crickmer
Crown
Currie
Cypress
Devastator
Dewdney
Eagle
Edge
Elsay
Fang
Fee
Fitzgerald
Forefinger
Frederick William
Fromme
Garibaldi
Good Hope
Grouse
Helena
Job
Judge Howay
ḵ’els
Kinch
Little Finger
Little Ring
Luna
Mamquam
Meager
Merlon
Middle Finger
Monarch
Monmouth
Munday
Nicomen
One Eye
Opal Cone
Overill
Pali
Petlushkwohap
Plinth
Powder
Price
Pylon
Pyroclastic
Queen Bess
Raleigh
Red Tusk
Ring
Robie Reid
Round
Serratus
Seymour
Silverthrone
Skihist
Stein
Somolenko
Spearhead
Table
Tantalus
Taseko
Tatlow
Tiedemann
Tricouni
Tuber
Vic
Vulcan's Thumb
Waddington
Wedge
Wellington
ʔEniyud (Niut)
Passes
Cayoosh
Griswold
McGillivray
Pemberton
Railroad
Tyoax
Wedge
Glaciers
Chaos
Compton Névé
Diamond
Franklin
Garibaldi Névé
Ha-Iltzuk
Homathko
Klinaklini
Mamquam
Monarch
Parallel
Pashleth
Powder Mountain
Silverthrone
Spearhead
Communities
List of communities in British Columbia
Parks
Clendinning
Duffey Lake
Garibaldi
Mount Elphinstone
Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage
Spruce Lake (South Chilcotin)
Upper Lillooet
Golden Ears
Tantalus
Mehatl Creek
Birkenhead Lake
Joffre Lakes
Ts'il?os
Bishop River
Princess Louisa Marine
Callaghan
Nairn Falls
Brandywine Falls
Alice Lake
Blackcomb Glacier
Tetrahedron
Stawamus Chief
Murrin
Mount Seymour
Cypress
Say Nuth Khaw Yum (Indian Arm)
Pinecone-Burke
Shannon Falls
Rolley Lake
Sasquatch
Big Creek
Homathko Estuary
Davis Lake
vteVolcanoes of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt
The Black Tusk
Mount Brew
Tuber Hill
Salal Glacier volcanic complex
Sham Hill
Cauldron Dome
Mount Cayley
Pyroclastic Peak
Vulcan's Thumb
Cinder Cone
Ember Ridge
Mount Fee
Franklin Glacier Complex
Mount Garibaldi
Atwell
Opal
Glacier Pikes
Little Ring Mountain
Mount Meager massif
Bridge River Vent
Capricorn Mountain
Devastator Peak
Mount Job
Mount Meager
Perkin's Pillar
Plinth Peak
Pylon Peak
Monmouth Creek complex
The Castle
Pali Dome
Mount Price
Clinker Peak
Ring Mountain
Round Mountain
Silverthrone Caldera
Mount Silverthrone
Machmell River Cone
Slag Hill
The Table
Tricouni Southwest
Watts Point volcanic centre
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Table Mountain (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_Mountain_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"The Table (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Table_(disambiguation)"},{"link_name":"andesite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesite"},{"link_name":"tuya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya"},{"link_name":"Garibaldi Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi_Lake"},{"link_name":"Cheekye","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheekye"},{"link_name":"Mount Garibaldi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Garibaldi"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Garibaldi Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi_Lake"}],"text":"This article is about Table Mountain in British Columbia. For other uses, see Table Mountain (disambiguation).For other uses, see The Table (disambiguation).The Table, sometimes called Table Mountain, is a 2,021-metre (6,631 ft) high flow-dominated andesite tuya located 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Garibaldi Lake, 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Cheekye and 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Mount Garibaldi, British Columbia, Canada. It rises over 530 metres (1,740 ft) above the surface of Garibaldi Lake, which lies less than 1 kilometre (1 mi) to the north.The Table is almost impossible to climb because sections of the volcano have collapsed, creating steep and exceptionally rotten rock walls on all sides.","title":"The Table (British Columbia)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Table.jpg"},{"link_name":"Garibaldi Lake volcanic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi_Lake_volcanic_field"},{"link_name":"volcanic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field"},{"link_name":"stratovolcanoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano"},{"link_name":"basaltic andesite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basaltic_andesite"},{"link_name":"Holocene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene"},{"link_name":"Garibaldi Volcanic Belt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi_Volcanic_Belt"},{"link_name":"Cascade Volcanic Arc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Volcanoes"},{"link_name":"California","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California"},{"link_name":"subduction","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction"},{"link_name":"Juan de Fuca Plate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Fuca_Plate"},{"link_name":"Explorer Plate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_Plate"},{"link_name":"North American Plate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Plate"},{"link_name":"Cascadia subduction zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascadia_subduction_zone"},{"link_name":"Bill Mathews","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mathews"},{"link_name":"magma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma"},{"link_name":"Cordilleran Ice Sheet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordilleran_Ice_Sheet"},{"link_name":"Holocene","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene"},{"link_name":"Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Gray-Clearwater_volcanic_field"},{"link_name":"Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cordilleran_Volcanic_Province"}],"text":"The Table as seen from Black Tusk MeadowsThe Table is part of the Garibaldi Lake volcanic field, a volcanic field that includes a group of nine small andesitic stratovolcanoes and basaltic andesite vents formed during the early Holocene. This in turn is part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt and of the Cascade Volcanic Arc that run from southwestern British Columbia to northern California caused by subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate and Explorer Plate under the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.Canadian geologist Bill Mathews proposed in 1951 that The Table formed when magma intruded into and melted a vertical tube in the overlying Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The partially molten mass of hornblende-phyric andesite cooled as a large block, with gravity flattening its upper surface. Horizontal columns occur at numerous locations along the periphery of the mass. The absence of glacial erosion of the tuya suggests that it erupted during the early Holocene, just prior to the disappearance of the ice sheet. Similar formations can be found in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province and elsewhere in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt.","title":"Geology"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Agent Cody Banks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Cody_Banks"},{"link_name":"Stargate: The Ark of Truth","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate:_The_Ark_of_Truth"},{"link_name":"Mount Garibaldi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Garibaldi"},{"link_name":"Tantalus Range","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalus_Range"}],"text":"The Table is featured in Agent Cody Banks and in Stargate: The Ark of Truth in which it is the site of the village where the Ark was hidden. The title sequence of the film features The Table, with a graphics overlay of the village superimposed on it, as well as an aerial tour of the Mount Garibaldi and Tantalus Range area.","title":"In Film"}]
|
[{"image_text":"The Table as seen from Black Tusk Meadows","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_Table.jpg/220px-The_Table.jpg"},{"image_text":"The north face of Mount Garibaldi rises above The Table and Garibaldi Lake","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/MtGaribaldi-NorthFace-TheTable.jpg/250px-MtGaribaldi-NorthFace-TheTable.jpg"}]
|
[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MtGaribaldi-NorthFace-TheTable.jpg"},{"title":"Cascade Volcanoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Volcanoes"},{"title":"Garibaldi Volcanic Belt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garibaldi_Volcanic_Belt"},{"title":"List of volcanoes in Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Canada"},{"title":"Volcanism of Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism_of_Canada"},{"title":"Volcanism of Western Canada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism_of_Western_Canada"}]
|
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|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignan_(disambiguation)
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Carignan (disambiguation)
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["1 People with the surname","2 See also"]
|
Carignan is a Spanish variety of grape.
Carignan may also refer to:
Carignan, Quebec, a town in Quebec, Canada
Carignan, Ardennes, a commune in France
House of Savoy-Carignan
Carignan-Salières Regiment, a French military unit formed by merging the Carignan Regiment and the Salières Regiment in 1659
the Piedmontese name for Carignano, a municipality in Italy
Campo de Cariñena, a comarca in Aragon, Spain
People with the surname
Anatole Carignan (1885–1952), Canadian politician
Andrew Carignan (born 1986), American baseball player
Harvey Carignan (1927–2023), American serial killer
Jean Carignan (1916–1988), Canadian fiddler
Jean-Guy Carignan (born 1941), Canadian member of parliament
Jennie Carignan, Canadian general
Nicole Carignan (born 1952), Canadian composer and educator
Onésime Carignan (1839–1897), Canadian grocer and politician
Patrick Carignan (born 1972), Canadian hockey player
Yves Carignan (born 1952), Canadian weightlifter
See also
Cariñena (DO), a Spanish wine region
Carignano (disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same term
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Carignan.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Carignan, Quebec","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignan,_Quebec"},{"link_name":"Carignan, Ardennes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignan,_Ardennes"},{"link_name":"House of Savoy-Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Savoy-Carignan"},{"link_name":"Carignan-Salières Regiment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignan-Sali%C3%A8res_Regiment"},{"link_name":"Carignano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignano,_Piedmont"},{"link_name":"Campo de Cariñena","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_de_Cari%C3%B1ena"}],"text":"Carignan may also refer to:Carignan, Quebec, a town in Quebec, Canada\nCarignan, Ardennes, a commune in France\nHouse of Savoy-Carignan\nCarignan-Salières Regiment, a French military unit formed by merging the Carignan Regiment and the Salières Regiment in 1659\nthe Piedmontese name for Carignano, a municipality in Italy\nCampo de Cariñena, a comarca in Aragon, Spain","title":"Carignan (disambiguation)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Anatole Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Andrew Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Harvey Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Jean Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Jean-Guy Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Guy_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Jennie Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennie_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Nicole Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Onésime Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%C3%A9sime_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Patrick Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Carignan"},{"link_name":"Yves Carignan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Carignan"}],"text":"Anatole Carignan (1885–1952), Canadian politician\nAndrew Carignan (born 1986), American baseball player\nHarvey Carignan (1927–2023), American serial killer\nJean Carignan (1916–1988), Canadian fiddler\nJean-Guy Carignan (born 1941), Canadian member of parliament\nJennie Carignan, Canadian general\nNicole Carignan (born 1952), Canadian composer and educator\nOnésime Carignan (1839–1897), Canadian grocer and politician\nPatrick Carignan (born 1972), Canadian hockey player\nYves Carignan (born 1952), Canadian weightlifter","title":"People with the surname"}]
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[]
|
[{"title":"Cariñena (DO)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari%C3%B1ena_(DO)"},{"title":"Carignano (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carignano_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disambig_gray.svg"},{"title":"disambiguation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Disambiguation"},{"title":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Carignan_(disambiguation)&namespace=0"}]
|
[]
|
[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Carignan_(disambiguation)&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatic_reservoir
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Magma chamber
|
["1 Dynamics of magma chambers","2 Examples","3 See also","4 References"]
|
Accumulation of molten rock within the Earth's crust
11 – magma chamber
A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards. If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption; consequently, many volcanoes are situated over magma chambers.
These chambers are hard to detect deep within the Earth, and therefore most of those known are close to the surface, commonly between 1 km and 10 km down.
Dynamics of magma chambers
Magma chambers above a subducting plate
Magma rises through cracks from beneath and across the crust because it is less dense than the surrounding rock. When the magma cannot find a path upwards it pools into a magma chamber. These chambers are commonly built up over time, by successive horizontal or vertical magma injections. The influx of new magma causes reaction of pre-existing crystals and the pressure in the chamber to increase.
The residing magma starts to cool, with the higher melting point components such as olivine crystallizing out of the solution, particularly near to the cooler walls of the chamber, and forming a denser conglomerate of minerals which sinks (cumulative rock). Upon cooling, new mineral phases saturate and the rock type changes (e.g. fractional crystallization), typically forming (1) gabbro, diorite, tonalite and granite or (2) gabbro, diorite, syenite and granite. If magma resides in a chamber for a long period, then it can become stratified with lower density components rising to the top and denser materials sinking. Rocks accumulate in layers, forming a layered intrusion. Any subsequent eruption may produce distinctly layered deposits; for example, the deposits from the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius include a thick layer of white pumice from the upper portion of the magma chamber overlaid with a similar layer of grey pumice produced from material erupted later from lower in the chamber.
Another effect of the cooling of the chamber is that the solidifying crystals will release the gas (primarily steam) previously dissolved when they were liquid, causing the pressure in the chamber to rise, possibly sufficiently to produce an eruption. Additionally, the removal of the lower melting point components will tend to make the magma more viscous (by increasing the concentration of silicates). Thus, stratification of a magma chamber may result in an increase in the amount of gas within the magma near the top of the chamber, and also make this magma more viscous, potentially leading to a more explosive eruption than would be the case had the chamber not become stratified.
Supervolcano eruptions are possible only when an extraordinarily large magma chamber forms at a relatively shallow level in the crust. However, the rate of magma production in tectonic settings that produce supervolcanoes is quite low, around 0.002 km3 year−1, so that accumulation of sufficient magma for a supereruption takes 105 to 106 years. This raises the question of why the buoyant silicic magma does not break through to the surface more frequently in relatively small eruptions. The combination of regional extension, which lowers the maximum attainable overpressure on the chamber roof, and a large magma chamber with warm walls, which has a high effective viscoelasticity, may suppress rhyolite dike formation and allow such large chambers to fill with magma.
If the magma is not vented to the surface in a volcanic eruption, it will slowly cool and crystallize at depth to form an intrusive igneous body, one, for example, composed of granite or gabbro (see also pluton).
Often, a volcano may have a deep magma chamber many kilometers down, which supplies a shallower chamber near the summit. The location of magma chambers can be mapped using seismology: seismic waves from earthquakes move more slowly through liquid rock than solid, allowing measurements to pinpoint the regions of slow movement which identify magma chambers.
As a volcano erupts, surrounding rock will collapse into the emptying chamber. If the chamber's size is reduced considerably, the resulting depression at the surface can form a caldera.
Examples
In Iceland, Thrihnukagigur, discovered in 1974 by cave explorer Árni B. Stefánsson and opened for tourism in 2012, is the only volcano in the world where visitors can take an elevator and safely descend into the magma chamber.
See also
Aquifer
Mogi model
References
^ Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 28–32. ISBN 9780521880060.
^ "Forensic Probe of Bali's Great Volcano". Eos. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
^ Dahren, Börje; Troll, Valentin R.; Andersson, Ulf B.; Chadwick, Jane P.; Gardner, Màiri F.; Jaxybulatov, Kairly; Koulakov, Ivan (1 April 2012). "Magma plumbing beneath Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: evidence for multiple magma storage regions". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 163 (4): 631–651. Bibcode:2012CoMP..163..631D. doi:10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8. ISSN 1432-0967. S2CID 52064179.
^ Glazner, A.F.; Bartley, J.M.; Coleman, D.S.; Gray, W.; Taylor, Z. (2004). "Are plutons assembled over millions of years by amalgamation from small magma chambers?". GSA Today. 14 (4/5): 4–11. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<0004:APAOMO>2.0.CO;2.
^ Leuthold, Julien (2012). "Time resolved construction of a bimodal laccolith (Torres del Paine, Patagonia)". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 325–326: 85–92. Bibcode:2012E&PSL.325...85L. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.032.
^ Leuthold, Julien; Müntener, Othmar; Baumgartner, Lukas; Putlitz, Benita (2014). "Petrological constraints on the recycling of mafic crystal mushes and intrusion of braided sills in the Torres del Paine Mafic Complex (Patagonia)" (PDF). Journal of Petrology. 55 (5): 917–949. doi:10.1093/petrology/egu011. hdl:20.500.11850/103136.
^ Allibon, J.; Ovtcharova, M.; Bussy, F.; Cosca, M.; Schaltegger, U.; Bussien, D.; Lewin, E. (2011). "The lifetime of an ocean island volcano feeder zone: constraints from U–Pb on coexisting zircon and baddeleyite, and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands)". Can. J. Earth Sci. 48 (2): 567–592. doi:10.1139/E10-032.
^ Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Holness MB, Sides R (2014). "Successive episodes of reactive liquid flow through a layered intrusion (Unit 9, Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland)". Contrib Mineral Petrol. 167 (1): 1021. Bibcode:2014CoMP..168.1021L. doi:10.1007/s00410-014-1021-7. S2CID 129584032.
^ Emeleus, C. H.; Troll, V. R. (1 August 2014). "The Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland". Mineralogical Magazine. 78 (4): 805–839. Bibcode:2014MinM...78..805E. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.04. ISSN 0026-461X.
^ McBirney AR (1996). "The Skaergaard intrusion". In Cawthorn RG (ed.). Layered intrusions. Developments in petrology. Vol. 15. pp. 147–180. ISBN 9780080535401.
^ TROLL, V. R. (1 February 2002). "Magma Mixing and Crustal Recycling Recorded in Ternary Feldspar from Compositionally Zoned Peralkaline Ignimbrite A', Gran Canaria, Canary Islands". Journal of Petrology. 43 (2): 243–270. doi:10.1093/petrology/43.2.243. ISSN 1460-2415.
^ Jellinek, A. Mark; DePaolo, Donald J. (1 July 2003). "A model for the origin of large silicic magma chambers: precursors of caldera-forming eruptions". Bulletin of Volcanology. 65 (5): 363–381. Bibcode:2003BVol...65..363J. doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0277-y. S2CID 44581563.
^ Cashman, K. V.; Sparks, R. S. J. (2013). "How volcanoes work: a 25 year perspective". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 125 (5–6): 664. Bibcode:2013GSAB..125..664C. doi:10.1130/B30720.1.
^ Troll, Valentin R.; Emeleus, C. Henry; Donaldson, Colin H. (1 November 2000). "Caldera formation in the Rum Central Igneous Complex, Scotland". Bulletin of Volcanology. 62 (4): 301–317. Bibcode:2000BVol...62..301T. doi:10.1007/s004450000099. ISSN 1432-0819. S2CID 128985944.
^ Anita, Isalska (13 March 2014). "Only in Iceland: Descending into a volcano's magma chamber - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
vteSubterraneaNatural featuresTypes
Alcove
Ant colony
Aquifer
Burrow
Burrow fossil
Communal burrow
Paleoburrow
Cave
Glacier cave
Grotto
Ice cave
Lava cave
Lava tube
Pit Cave
Show cave
Solutional cave
Cenote
Karst
Lava tree mold
Magma chamber
Maternity den
Nest
Bee
Pit crater
Rock shelter
Sinkhole
Subterranean fauna
Subterranean river
Subterranean waterfall
Underground lake
Volcanic pipe
Warren
Exemplars
Balve Cave
Castellana Caves
Hang Sơn Đoòng
Jewel Cave National Monument
Kazumura Cave
Lechuguilla Cave
Mammoth Cave National Park
Reed Flute Cave
Subterranean rivers of London
Veryovkina Cave
Wind Cave National Park
Man-made featuresTypes
Air raid shelter
Basement
Burial vault
Borehole
Bunker
Blast shelter
Catacombs
Casemate
Crypt Mausoleum
Dungeon
Dugout (shelter)
Dry well
Earth shelter
Erdstall
Fallout shelter
Fogou
Foxhole
Hypogeum
Manhole
Mine
Missile launch facility
Passage grave
Quarry
Rock-cut tomb
Root cellar
Tunnel
Utility vault
Underground city
Underground base
Underground hangar
Well
Wine cave
Subway system
Secret passage
Semi-basement
Sewerage
Septic tank
Stepwell
Storm cellar
Smuggling tunnel
Spider hole
Ventilation shaft
Exemplars
816 Nuclear Military Plant
Caves of Maastricht
The Caves of Ægissíða
Almadén Mercury Mines
Coober Pedy
Cheyenne Mountain Complex
Chicago Tunnel Company
Houston tunnel system
Kosvinsky Kamen
Kőbánya cellar system
Kome Caves
Underground City (Beijing)
Underground City, Montreal
Underground Great Wall of China
Maginot Line
Mines of Paris
Mustang Caves
Mount Yamantau
Mogao Caves
Naples underground geothermal zone
North American Aerospace Defense Command
Raven Rock Mountain Complex
Shanghai tunnels
Subterranean London
Subterranean Toledo
Turda Salt Mines
Yaodong
Fictional featuresTypes
Hollow Earth
Subterranean fiction
Exemplars
Allegory of the cave
Batcave
Greek Underworld
Journey to the Center of the Earth
Moria (Middle-earth)
Nome Kingdom
Pellucidar
Subterranea (comics)
Tunnels in popular culture
Underdark
Underland (Narnia)
Wonderland (fictional country)
Organisations
American Society of Reclamation Sciences
Bergamt
Cave Research Foundation
History of hard rock miners' organizations
National Mine Map Repository
National Mining Association
National Speleological Society
Grotto
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
Institution of Mining Engineers
International Union of Speleology
Research Centre for Deep Drilling
Society of Economic Geologists
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Related topics
Cave conservation
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Underground living
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in fiction
Speleology
Subterranean warfare
Authority control databases: National
Germany
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vulcanian_Eruption-numbers.svg"},{"link_name":"rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)"},{"link_name":"magma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma"},{"link_name":"country rock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_rock_(geology)"},{"link_name":"buoyant forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"volcanic eruption","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_eruption"},{"link_name":"volcanoes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"11 – magma chamberA magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards.[1] If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption; consequently, many volcanoes are situated over magma chambers.[2] \nThese chambers are hard to detect deep within the Earth, and therefore most of those known are close to the surface, commonly between 1 km and 10 km down.[3]","title":"Magma chamber"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Subduction-en.svg"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"olivine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivine"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"fractional crystallization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_crystallization_(geology)"},{"link_name":"gabbro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro"},{"link_name":"diorite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diorite"},{"link_name":"tonalite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonalite"},{"link_name":"granite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite"},{"link_name":"gabbro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro"},{"link_name":"diorite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diorite"},{"link_name":"syenite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syenite"},{"link_name":"granite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite"},{"link_name":"density","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density"},{"link_name":"layered intrusion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layered_intrusion"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79"},{"link_name":"pumice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumice"},{"link_name":"crystals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal"},{"link_name":"steam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam"},{"link_name":"viscous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity"},{"link_name":"silicates","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Supervolcano","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano"},{"link_name":"viscoelasticity","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscoelasticity"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-jellinke-depaolo-2003-12"},{"link_name":"intrusive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusive_rock"},{"link_name":"igneous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous"},{"link_name":"granite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite"},{"link_name":"gabbro","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro"},{"link_name":"pluton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton"},{"link_name":"seismology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology"},{"link_name":"earthquakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakes"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"caldera","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Magma chambers above a subducting plateMagma rises through cracks from beneath and across the crust because it is less dense than the surrounding rock. When the magma cannot find a path upwards it pools into a magma chamber. These chambers are commonly built up over time,[4][5] by successive horizontal[6] or vertical[7] magma injections. The influx of new magma causes reaction of pre-existing crystals[8] and the pressure in the chamber to increase.The residing magma starts to cool, with the higher melting point components such as olivine crystallizing out of the solution, particularly near to the cooler walls of the chamber, and forming a denser conglomerate of minerals which sinks (cumulative rock).[9] Upon cooling, new mineral phases saturate and the rock type changes (e.g. fractional crystallization), typically forming (1) gabbro, diorite, tonalite and granite or (2) gabbro, diorite, syenite and granite. If magma resides in a chamber for a long period, then it can become stratified with lower density components rising to the top and denser materials sinking. Rocks accumulate in layers, forming a layered intrusion.[10] Any subsequent eruption may produce distinctly layered deposits; for example, the deposits from the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius include a thick layer of white pumice from the upper portion of the magma chamber overlaid with a similar layer of grey pumice produced from material erupted later from lower in the chamber.Another effect of the cooling of the chamber is that the solidifying crystals will release the gas (primarily steam) previously dissolved when they were liquid, causing the pressure in the chamber to rise, possibly sufficiently to produce an eruption. Additionally, the removal of the lower melting point components will tend to make the magma more viscous (by increasing the concentration of silicates). Thus, stratification of a magma chamber may result in an increase in the amount of gas within the magma near the top of the chamber,[11] and also make this magma more viscous, potentially leading to a more explosive eruption than would be the case had the chamber not become stratified.Supervolcano eruptions are possible only when an extraordinarily large magma chamber forms at a relatively shallow level in the crust. However, the rate of magma production in tectonic settings that produce supervolcanoes is quite low, around 0.002 km3 year−1, so that accumulation of sufficient magma for a supereruption takes 105 to 106 years. This raises the question of why the buoyant silicic magma does not break through to the surface more frequently in relatively small eruptions. The combination of regional extension, which lowers the maximum attainable overpressure on the chamber roof, and a large magma chamber with warm walls, which has a high effective viscoelasticity, may suppress rhyolite dike formation and allow such large chambers to fill with magma.[12]If the magma is not vented to the surface in a volcanic eruption, it will slowly cool and crystallize at depth to form an intrusive igneous body, one, for example, composed of granite or gabbro (see also pluton).Often, a volcano may have a deep magma chamber many kilometers down, which supplies a shallower chamber near the summit. The location of magma chambers can be mapped using seismology: seismic waves from earthquakes move more slowly through liquid rock than solid, allowing measurements to pinpoint the regions of slow movement which identify magma chambers.[13]As a volcano erupts, surrounding rock will collapse into the emptying chamber. If the chamber's size is reduced considerably, the resulting depression at the surface can form a caldera.[14]","title":"Dynamics of magma chambers"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Thrihnukagigur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrihnukagigur"},{"link_name":"cave explorer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caving"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"}],"text":"In Iceland, Thrihnukagigur, discovered in 1974 by cave explorer Árni B. Stefánsson and opened for tourism in 2012, is the only volcano in the world where visitors can take an elevator and safely descend into the magma chamber.[15]","title":"Examples"}]
|
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|
[{"title":"Aquifer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer"},{"title":"Mogi model","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyoo_Mogi#Mogi_model"}]
|
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Bibcode:2012CoMP..163..631D. doi:10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8. ISSN 1432-0967. S2CID 52064179.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8","url_text":"\"Magma plumbing beneath Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: evidence for multiple magma storage regions\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CoMP..163..631D","url_text":"2012CoMP..163..631D"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00410-011-0690-8","url_text":"10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1432-0967","url_text":"1432-0967"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)","url_text":"S2CID"},{"url":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52064179","url_text":"52064179"}]},{"reference":"Glazner, A.F.; Bartley, J.M.; Coleman, D.S.; Gray, W.; Taylor, Z. (2004). \"Are plutons assembled over millions of years by amalgamation from small magma chambers?\". GSA Today. 14 (4/5): 4–11. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<0004:APAOMO>2.0.CO;2.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130%2F1052-5173%282004%29014%3C0004%3AAPAOMO%3E2.0.CO%3B2","url_text":"\"Are plutons assembled over millions of years by amalgamation from small magma chambers?\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130%2F1052-5173%282004%29014%3C0004%3AAPAOMO%3E2.0.CO%3B2","url_text":"10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<0004:APAOMO>2.0.CO;2"}]},{"reference":"Leuthold, Julien (2012). \"Time resolved construction of a bimodal laccolith (Torres del Paine, Patagonia)\". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 325–326: 85–92. 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ISSN 0026-461X.","urls":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04","url_text":"\"The Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)","url_text":"Bibcode"},{"url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MinM...78..805E","url_text":"2014MinM...78..805E"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04","url_text":"10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.04"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-461X","url_text":"0026-461X"}]},{"reference":"McBirney AR (1996). \"The Skaergaard intrusion\". In Cawthorn RG (ed.). Layered intrusions. Developments in petrology. Vol. 15. pp. 147–180. 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Retrieved 15 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/13/travel/icelandic-volcano/index.html","url_text":"\"Only in Iceland: Descending into a volcano's magma chamber - CNN.com\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN","url_text":"CNN"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://eos.org/science-updates/forensic-probe-of-balis-great-volcano","external_links_name":"\"Forensic Probe of Bali's Great Volcano\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8","external_links_name":"\"Magma plumbing beneath Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia: evidence for multiple magma storage regions\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CoMP..163..631D","external_links_name":"2012CoMP..163..631D"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00410-011-0690-8","external_links_name":"10.1007/s00410-011-0690-8"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1432-0967","external_links_name":"1432-0967"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52064179","external_links_name":"52064179"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1130%2F1052-5173%282004%29014%3C0004%3AAPAOMO%3E2.0.CO%3B2","external_links_name":"\"Are plutons assembled over millions of years by amalgamation from small magma chambers?\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1130%2F1052-5173%282004%29014%3C0004%3AAPAOMO%3E2.0.CO%3B2","external_links_name":"10.1130/1052-5173(2004)014<0004:APAOMO>2.0.CO;2"},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012E&PSL.325...85L","external_links_name":"2012E&PSL.325...85L"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2012.01.032","external_links_name":"10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.032"},{"Link":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/291091/files/egu011.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Petrological constraints on the recycling of mafic crystal mushes and intrusion of braided sills in the Torres del Paine Mafic Complex (Patagonia)\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpetrology%2Fegu011","external_links_name":"10.1093/petrology/egu011"},{"Link":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850%2F103136","external_links_name":"20.500.11850/103136"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1139%2FE10-032","external_links_name":"10.1139/E10-032"},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014CoMP..168.1021L","external_links_name":"2014CoMP..168.1021L"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00410-014-1021-7","external_links_name":"10.1007/s00410-014-1021-7"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129584032","external_links_name":"129584032"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04","external_links_name":"\"The Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MinM...78..805E","external_links_name":"2014MinM...78..805E"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04","external_links_name":"10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.04"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-461X","external_links_name":"0026-461X"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpetrology%2F43.2.243","external_links_name":"\"Magma Mixing and Crustal Recycling Recorded in Ternary Feldspar from Compositionally Zoned Peralkaline Ignimbrite A', Gran Canaria, Canary Islands\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpetrology%2F43.2.243","external_links_name":"10.1093/petrology/43.2.243"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1460-2415","external_links_name":"1460-2415"},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003BVol...65..363J","external_links_name":"2003BVol...65..363J"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00445-003-0277-y","external_links_name":"10.1007/s00445-003-0277-y"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44581563","external_links_name":"44581563"},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013GSAB..125..664C","external_links_name":"2013GSAB..125..664C"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1130%2FB30720.1","external_links_name":"10.1130/B30720.1"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450000099","external_links_name":"\"Caldera formation in the Rum Central Igneous Complex, Scotland\""},{"Link":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000BVol...62..301T","external_links_name":"2000BVol...62..301T"},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs004450000099","external_links_name":"10.1007/s004450000099"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1432-0819","external_links_name":"1432-0819"},{"Link":"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128985944","external_links_name":"128985944"},{"Link":"http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/13/travel/icelandic-volcano/index.html","external_links_name":"\"Only in Iceland: Descending into a volcano's magma chamber - CNN.com\""},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4168517-9","external_links_name":"Germany"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-19
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Curtiss-Wright CW-19
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["1 Design and development","2 Production","3 Operational history","4 Variants","5 Operators","6 Surviving aircraft","7 Specifications (CW-19R)","8 See also","9 References","9.1 Notes","9.2 Bibliography","10 External links"]
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CR-2, CW-19, and CW-23
Curtiss-Wright CW-19 Coupe
Role
Civil utility aircraftType of aircraft
Manufacturer
Curtiss-Robertson Airplane Manufacturing Company, Curtiss-Wright
First flight
1935
Primary users
Bolivian Armed ForcesEcuadorian Air Force
Number built
26
Developed into
Curtiss-Wright CW-21 Curtiss-Wright CW-22
The Curtiss-Wright CW-19 was a civil utility aircraft designed in the United States in the mid-1930s and built in small quantities in a number of variants including the CW-23 military trainer prototype.
Design and development
Originally conceived as the Curtiss-Robertson CR-2 Coupe shortly before the Curtiss-Wright merger and the dropping of the Curtiss-Robertson brand, it was an all-metal, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and side-by-side seating for two. A prominent feature on all versions other than the original CR-2 prototypes was the large "trouser"-style wheel spats. While the design was never perfected for the civil market it was originally intended for, a militarized version was soon developed that replaced the side-by-side cabin with tandem seating and added provision for guns and bombs.
Production
Twenty-six CW-19s of all types were produced. The first was a single CW-19L built in 1935, known as either "Coupe" or "Sparrow" in documents. It would be purchased by the US Government and assigned the registration number NS-69. The second aircraft built was a CW-19W, which featured a much more powerful 145 hp Warner Super Scarab in place of the Lambert engine. It was decided that this aircraft was not well-suited for private civil aviation, and was also discontinued after one prototype.
The military-grade CW-19R saw a significant revision to the cockpit and canopy, removing the old "Coupe" design and replacing it with a tandem-seat sliding glass canopy. Powerplant options varied between the Wright R-760E2 and Wright R-975E3. A variety of armament options were also available, including a synchronized fuselage-mounted machine gun firing through the propeller arc, two gun pods mounted outboard of the landing gear, a flexible mount for the second aviator to use as a defensive turret, bombs, and an auxiliary fuel tank. Twenty two examples would be produced and would be the only version to be sold, with the majority going to South and Central American countries.
The CW-A19R was an unarmed version of the CW-19R intended for the USAAC but without any success. It would also be offered on the civil market as the ATC A-629. A total of two CW-A19R would be completed—one company demonstrator for Curtiss-Wright and one sold to a private owner. A third was not completed and rebuilt as a CW-22.
A CW-B19R was planned and advertised, based upon the CW-A19R but with a four or five-seat civilian cabin, but it was not built.
Operational history
Curtiss-Wright hoped that in its militarized form the CW-19 could be sold on the export market as a ground-attack machine. But orders were disappointing, with two sold to the Dominican Republic, ten to Bolivia, six to Ecuador, and three to Cuba. Additionally, one example was delivered to China where it was likely purchased. An unarmed trainer version was also developed and offered to the USAAC but no orders were placed.
In a final attempt to find a market for the design, engine power was increased from 450 hp (340 kW) to 600 hp (450 kW), and a retractable undercarriage was fitted. In this form, designated CW-23, the aircraft was offered once again to the USAAC, this time as an advanced trainer, but once again the service was not interested. The CW-19 did, however, form the basis of the far more successful CW-21 and CW-22 designs.
Variants
CR-2 - Curtiss-Robertson prototype with strut-braced wing and unfaired undercarriage (two built)
Model 19L - prototype with cantilever wing, spatted undercarriage and Lambert R-266 engine (one built)
Model 19W - prototype with Warner Super Scarab engine (one built)
Model 19Q - Lycoming R-680-B2 Seaplane design (none built)
Model 19R Fighter - militarized version with tandem seating, weapons mountings, and Wright J-6-7 engine (23 built)
Model 19R Long Range Trainer - Extra center mounted 35 gallon aux tank pod. One fixed forward gun, one rear manned gun.
Model 19R Light Bomber - Two .30 cal guns with two A-3 bomb racks. (563 lb)
Model 19R Photo Reconnaissance - Two bottom mounted camera ports.
Model 19R Attack (special) - single seat with wing mounted guns (none built)
Model 19R Advanced Trainer - Pratt & Whitney R-760-E2 or R-975-E3 engine choices.
Model 19R Seaplane - proposed 1936 variant of the 19Q (none built)
Model A19R - military trainer offered to USAAC (three built, one later converted to CW-22)
Model B19R - projected civil version of Model A19R (none built)
Model C19R - Amphibian standard trainer R-975-E3 (none built)
Model C19R - Amphibian advanced trainer (none built)
Model C19R - Amphibian fighter - One forward gun, one manned gun (none built)
Model C19R - Amphibian photographic aircraft - Fairchild KB-3 camera mount
Model C19Z - Standard Amphibian or Seaplane trainer - Pratt & Whitney Wasp SC-G
CW-23 - advanced military trainer with Pratt & Whitney R-1340 engine and retractable undercarriage (one built)
Operators
Bolivia received 10 CW-19Rs in 1938, with four remaining in service in 1949.
China received one CW-19R.
Cuba received three CW-19Rs in 1937, one remaining in service until 1948.
Dominican Republic purchased two CW-19Rs in 1937.
Ecuador received six in 1936, remaining in service until 1943.
Surviving aircraft
Surviving CW-19R being unloaded from a trailer in Florida
Two CW-19R survive intact, one in the Airforce Museum in Dominican Republic, and one flying with Kermit Weeks fantasy of flight. The Dominican Republic one flew as “Colon” in the 1937 Pan-American flight to raise funds for the Columbus Lighthouse in the Dominican Republic. The sole surviving flightworthy example was bartered with F86 aircraft for T-33 parts to support Bolivia's T33 aircraft by Debra Boostrom Hoedebecke, it was transported back to the U.S. in a Bolivian C130 aircraft only fitting by a few inches on each side to Patrick AFB transported to San Antonio Tx then to Coleman Tx for a complete rebuild. The elevation where it was on display over the monument of the Bolivian War Hero in La Paz Bolivia kept it in pristine condition at an altitude of over 12,000 feet the corrosion was very minimal. It was completely restored my Long Aircraft in Coleman Texas in 1996-97. It proudly flew to the Oshkosh air show in 1997 where is won rarest warbird! Debra Boostrom Hoedebecke sold the aircraft to antique collector Don Carter in 1999, after Carters death his estate sold it to Kermit Weeks at Fantasy of Flight on March 22, 2013, having been transported from Bolivia in 1995 for restoration. The airplane carries its original Bolivian markings, per the export agreement with the Bolivian government.
Specifications (CW-19R)
Curtiss-Wright CW-19R 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile February 1937
Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947General characteristics
Crew: 2
Length: 26 ft 4 in (8.03 m)
Wingspan: 35 ft 0 in (10.67 m)
Height: 7 ft 2 in (2.18 m)
Wing area: 174 sq ft (16.2 m2)
Airfoil: Curtiss CW-19 Special
Empty weight: 1,400 lb (635 kg)
Gross weight: 3,500 lb (1,588 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Wright R-760E2 Whirlwind 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 350 hp (260 kW)
Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch metal propeller
Performance
Maximum speed: 185 mph (298 km/h, 161 kn)
Cruise speed: 164 mph (264 km/h, 143 kn)
Rate of climb: 1,890 ft/min (9.6 m/s)-
Armament
Guns: 1 to 3 × fixed, forward-firing 0.300 in (7.62 mm) machine-gun + 1 × trainable, rearward-firing 0.300 in (7.62 mm) machine-gun
Bombs: provision for underwing bomb load
See also
Related development
Curtiss-Wright CW-21
Curtiss-Wright CW-22
References
Notes
^ Hagedorn, Dan. "The Curtiss-Wright 19R All Metal Light-Combat Aircraft." Skyways, October 1995.
^ "Warrior". Flying. Vol. 26, no. 4. April 1940. p. 13. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
^ a b c d Hagedorn 1992, p.76.
^ Lennart 2008, p. 129.
^ Bowers 1979, p. 411.
^ Sport Aviation Magazine March, 1996
^ "Fantasy of Flight's Facebook Page". Fantasy of Flight. Retrieved 2013-03-22.
^ Bowers, Peter M. (1979). Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. pp. 410–413. ISBN 0370100298.
^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
Bibliography
Bowers, Peter M. Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-10029-8.
Hagedorn, Dan. "Curtiss Types in Latin America". Air Enthusiast, Issue Forty-Five, March–May 1992, pp. 61–77. ISSN 0143-5450.
Hagedorn, Dan (February 1998). "Curtiss-Wright 19R, appareil de combat léger "tout métal" (1e partie)" . Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (59): 15–19. ISSN 1243-8650.
Hagedorn, Dan (March 1998). "Curtiss-Wright 19R, appareil de combat léger "tout métal" (2e partie)" . Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (60): 32–36. ISSN 1243-8650.
Hagedorn, Dan (April 1998). "Curtiss-Wright 19R, appareil de combat léger "tout métal" (dernière partie)". Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (61): 2–7. ISSN 1243-8650.
Soulane, Stéphane (July 1998). "Courrier des Lecteurs" . Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (64): 5. ISSN 1243-8650.
Lennart, Andersson A History of Chinese Aviation. Encyclopedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China until 1949. AHS of ROC, 2008.
Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989, p. 288.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 891 Sheet 55.
External links
Media related to Curtiss-Wright CW-19 at Wikimedia Commons
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Racers
R-6
R-8
Trainers
J
L
JN
Fledgling
AT-4 Hawk
AT-5 Hawk
BT-4
AT-9 Jeep
Experimental
X-19
Licensed
USAO-1
NBS-1/Model 30
NavyBombers
CT
BFC
BF2C
SBC
SB2C
XSB3C2
XBTC
XBT2C
Fighters
HA
GS
TS-1
FC
F2C
F3C
F4C
F5C1
F6C
F7C
F8C
F9C
F10C
F11C
XF12C
F13C
XF14C
XF15C
Observation/scout
CS/SC
S2C
XS3C
S4C
SC
OC
O2C
O3C
SOC
SO2C
SO3C
Trainers
N-9
N2C
SNC
Transports
RC
R4C
R5C
Maritime patrol
H-16
F5L
HS-1L & HS-2L
Racers and record
NC
CR
R2C
R3C
ExportBombers
Canada
CW-14 Osprey
Maritime patrol
H-2, H-4, H-8 and H-16
F5L
HS-2L
Fighters
CW-17 Pursuit Osprey2
CW-21 Demon
Trainers
Canuck
CW-14 Osprey
CW-16
CW-182
CW-22
1 Designation skipped 2 Not built
|
[{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Curtiss-Wright CW-19"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Originally conceived as the Curtiss-Robertson CR-2 Coupe shortly before the Curtiss-Wright merger and the dropping of the Curtiss-Robertson brand, it was an all-metal, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and side-by-side seating for two. A prominent feature on all versions other than the original CR-2 prototypes was the large \"trouser\"-style wheel spats. While the design was never perfected for the civil market it was originally intended for, a militarized version was soon developed that replaced the side-by-side cabin with tandem seating and added provision for guns and bombs.","title":"Design and development"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Warner Super Scarab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Scarab"},{"link_name":"Wright R-760E2","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-760_Whirlwind"},{"link_name":"Wright R-975E3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-975_Whirlwind"},{"link_name":"USAAC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps"},{"link_name":"CW-22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-22"}],"text":"Twenty-six CW-19s of all types were produced. The first was a single CW-19L built in 1935, known as either \"Coupe\" or \"Sparrow\" in documents. It would be purchased by the US Government and assigned the registration number NS-69. The second aircraft built was a CW-19W, which featured a much more powerful 145 hp Warner Super Scarab in place of the Lambert engine. It was decided that this aircraft was not well-suited for private civil aviation, and was also discontinued after one prototype.The military-grade CW-19R saw a significant revision to the cockpit and canopy, removing the old \"Coupe\" design and replacing it with a tandem-seat sliding glass canopy. Powerplant options varied between the Wright R-760E2 and Wright R-975E3. A variety of armament options were also available, including a synchronized fuselage-mounted machine gun firing through the propeller arc, two gun pods mounted outboard of the landing gear, a flexible mount for the second aviator to use as a defensive turret, bombs, and an auxiliary fuel tank. Twenty two examples would be produced and would be the only version to be sold, with the majority going to South and Central American countries.The CW-A19R was an unarmed version of the CW-19R intended for the USAAC but without any success. It would also be offered on the civil market as the ATC A-629. A total of two CW-A19R would be completed—one company demonstrator for Curtiss-Wright and one sold to a private owner. A third was not completed and rebuilt as a CW-22.A CW-B19R was planned and advertised, based upon the CW-A19R but with a four or five-seat civilian cabin, but it was not built.","title":"Production"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"Bolivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bolivia"},{"link_name":"Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuadorian_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Cuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Army_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"USAAC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps"},{"link_name":"hp","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsepower"},{"link_name":"kW","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilowatt"},{"link_name":"CW-21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-21"},{"link_name":"CW-22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-22"}],"text":"Curtiss-Wright hoped that in its militarized form the CW-19 could be sold on the export market as a ground-attack machine. But orders were disappointing, with two sold to the Dominican Republic, ten to Bolivia, six to Ecuador, and three to Cuba. Additionally, one example was delivered to China where it was likely purchased. An unarmed trainer version was also developed and offered to the USAAC but no orders were placed.In a final attempt to find a market for the design, engine power was increased from 450 hp (340 kW) to 600 hp (450 kW), and a retractable undercarriage was fitted. In this form, designated CW-23, the aircraft was offered once again to the USAAC, this time as an advanced trainer, but once again the service was not interested. The CW-19 did, however, form the basis of the far more successful CW-21 and CW-22 designs.","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lambert R-266","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lambert_R-266&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Warner Super Scarab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Scarab"},{"link_name":"Wright J-6-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_J-6-7"},{"link_name":"CW-22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-22"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Pratt & Whitney R-1340","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1340"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"CR-2 - Curtiss-Robertson prototype with strut-braced wing and unfaired undercarriage (two built)\nModel 19L - prototype with cantilever wing, spatted undercarriage and Lambert R-266 engine (one built)\nModel 19W - prototype with Warner Super Scarab engine (one built)\nModel 19Q - Lycoming R-680-B2 Seaplane design (none built)\nModel 19R Fighter - militarized version with tandem seating, weapons mountings, and Wright J-6-7 engine (23 built)\nModel 19R Long Range Trainer - Extra center mounted 35 gallon aux tank pod. One fixed forward gun, one rear manned gun.\nModel 19R Light Bomber - Two .30 cal guns with two A-3 bomb racks. (563 lb)\nModel 19R Photo Reconnaissance - Two bottom mounted camera ports.\nModel 19R Attack (special) - single seat with wing mounted guns (none built)\nModel 19R Advanced Trainer - Pratt & Whitney R-760-E2 or R-975-E3 engine choices.\nModel 19R Seaplane - proposed 1936 variant of the 19Q (none built)\nModel A19R - military trainer offered to USAAC (three built, one later converted to CW-22)[1]\nModel B19R - projected civil version of Model A19R (none built)\nModel C19R - Amphibian standard trainer R-975-E3 (none built)\nModel C19R - Amphibian advanced trainer (none built)\nModel C19R - Amphibian fighter - One forward gun, one manned gun (none built)\nModel C19R - Amphibian photographic aircraft - Fairchild KB-3 camera mount\nModel C19Z - Standard Amphibian or Seaplane trainer - Pratt & Whitney Wasp SC-G\nCW-23 - advanced military trainer with Pratt & Whitney R-1340 engine and retractable undercarriage (one built)[2]","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bolivia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Curt_Lat_p76-3"},{"link_name":"China","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lennart_129-4"},{"link_name":"Cuba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Curt_Lat_p76-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bowers_curtiss_p411-5"},{"link_name":"Dominican Republic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Curt_Lat_p76-3"},{"link_name":"Ecuador","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Curt_Lat_p76-3"}],"text":"Bolivia received 10 CW-19Rs in 1938, with four remaining in service in 1949.[3]\n China received one CW-19R.[4]\n Cuba received three CW-19Rs in 1937, one remaining in service until 1948.[3][5]\n Dominican Republic purchased two CW-19Rs in 1937.[3]\n Ecuador received six in 1936, remaining in service until 1943.[3]","title":"Operators"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curtiss_CW-19_Prepped_for_Shipment.jpg"},{"link_name":"1937 Pan-American flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Day#Columbus's_legacy_in_the_Caribbean"},{"link_name":"Columbus Lighthouse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Lighthouse"},{"link_name":"Fantasy of Flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasy_of_Flight"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"}],"text":"Surviving CW-19R being unloaded from a trailer in FloridaTwo CW-19R survive intact, one in the Airforce Museum in Dominican Republic, and one flying with Kermit Weeks fantasy of flight. The Dominican Republic one flew as “Colon” in the 1937 Pan-American flight to raise funds for the Columbus Lighthouse in the Dominican Republic. The sole surviving flightworthy example was bartered with F86 aircraft for T-33 parts to support Bolivia's T33 aircraft by Debra Boostrom Hoedebecke, it was transported back to the U.S. in a Bolivian C130 aircraft only fitting by a few inches on each side to Patrick AFB transported to San Antonio Tx then to Coleman Tx for a complete rebuild. The elevation where it was on display over the monument of the Bolivian War Hero in La Paz Bolivia kept it in pristine condition at an altitude of over 12,000 feet the corrosion was very minimal. It was completely restored my Long Aircraft in Coleman Texas in 1996-97. It proudly flew to the Oshkosh air show in 1997 where is won rarest warbird! Debra Boostrom Hoedebecke sold the aircraft to antique collector Don Carter in 1999, after Carters death his estate sold it to Kermit Weeks at Fantasy of Flight on March 22, 2013, having been transported from Bolivia in 1995 for restoration.[6] The airplane carries its original Bolivian markings, per the export agreement with the Bolivian government.[7]","title":"Surviving aircraft"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Curtiss-Wright_CW-19R_3-view_L%27Aerophile_February_1937.jpg"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Bowers-8"},{"link_name":"Airfoil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Selig-9"},{"link_name":"Wright R-760E2 Whirlwind","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_R-760E2_Whirlwind"}],"text":"Curtiss-Wright CW-19R 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile February 1937Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947[8]General characteristicsCrew: 2\nLength: 26 ft 4 in (8.03 m)\nWingspan: 35 ft 0 in (10.67 m)\nHeight: 7 ft 2 in (2.18 m)\nWing area: 174 sq ft (16.2 m2)\nAirfoil: Curtiss CW-19 Special[9]\nEmpty weight: 1,400 lb (635 kg)\nGross weight: 3,500 lb (1,588 kg)\nPowerplant: 1 × Wright R-760E2 Whirlwind 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 350 hp (260 kW)\nPropellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch metal propellerPerformanceMaximum speed: 185 mph (298 km/h, 161 kn)\nCruise speed: 164 mph (264 km/h, 143 kn)\nRate of climb: 1,890 ft/min (9.6 m/s)-ArmamentGuns: 1 to 3 × fixed, forward-firing 0.300 in (7.62 mm) machine-gun + 1 × trainable, rearward-firing 0.300 in (7.62 mm) machine-gun\nBombs: provision for underwing bomb load","title":"Specifications (CW-19R)"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Surviving CW-19R being unloaded from a trailer in Florida","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/27/Curtiss_CW-19_Prepped_for_Shipment.jpg/220px-Curtiss_CW-19_Prepped_for_Shipment.jpg"},{"image_text":"Curtiss-Wright CW-19R 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile February 1937","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Curtiss-Wright_CW-19R_3-view_L%27Aerophile_February_1937.jpg/220px-Curtiss-Wright_CW-19R_3-view_L%27Aerophile_February_1937.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"Curtiss-Wright CW-21","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-21"},{"title":"Curtiss-Wright CW-22","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-22"}]
|
[{"reference":"\"Warrior\". Flying. Vol. 26, no. 4. April 1940. p. 13. Retrieved 20 August 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Kh1_ojeiiawC&pg=PA13","url_text":"\"Warrior\""}]},{"reference":"\"Fantasy of Flight's Facebook Page\". Fantasy of Flight. Retrieved 2013-03-22.","urls":[{"url":"https://facebook.com/fantasyofflight","url_text":"\"Fantasy of Flight's Facebook Page\""}]},{"reference":"Bowers, Peter M. (1979). Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. pp. 410–413. ISBN 0370100298.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0370100298","url_text":"0370100298"}]},{"reference":"Lednicer, David. \"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html","url_text":"\"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\""}]},{"reference":"Hagedorn, Dan (February 1998). \"Curtiss-Wright 19R, appareil de combat léger \"tout métal\" (1e partie)\" [Curtiss-Wright 194, All-metal Light Fighter]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (59): 15–19. ISSN 1243-8650.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","url_text":"1243-8650"}]},{"reference":"Hagedorn, Dan (March 1998). \"Curtiss-Wright 19R, appareil de combat léger \"tout métal\" (2e partie)\" [Curtiss-Wright 194, All-metal Light Fighter]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (60): 32–36. ISSN 1243-8650.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","url_text":"1243-8650"}]},{"reference":"Hagedorn, Dan (April 1998). \"Curtiss-Wright 19R, appareil de combat léger \"tout métal\" (dernière partie)\". Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (61): 2–7. ISSN 1243-8650.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","url_text":"1243-8650"}]},{"reference":"Soulane, Stéphane (July 1998). \"Courrier des Lecteurs\" [Readers' Letters]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (64): 5. ISSN 1243-8650.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","url_text":"1243-8650"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=Kh1_ojeiiawC&pg=PA13","external_links_name":"\"Warrior\""},{"Link":"https://facebook.com/fantasyofflight","external_links_name":"\"Fantasy of Flight's Facebook Page\""},{"Link":"https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html","external_links_name":"\"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0143-5450","external_links_name":"0143-5450"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","external_links_name":"1243-8650"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","external_links_name":"1243-8650"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","external_links_name":"1243-8650"},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650","external_links_name":"1243-8650"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastica_School
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Scholastica (school)
|
["1 History","2 Curriculum","2.1 Laboratory","2.2 Extra-curricular activities","3 Notable alumni","4 References","5 External links"]
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School in Dhaka, Bangladesh mirpur
ScholasticaLocationDhakaBangladeshInformationSchool typeCambridge Assessment International Education PrivateFounded1977; 47 years ago (1977)FounderYasmeen MurshedChairpersonSyeda Madiha MurshedGenderCo-educationalClassesPlay group to A LevelsLanguageEnglish and BengaliHours in school day8:00 am to 2:40 pm for studentsCampusUttara, Gulshan, Dhanmondi, Banani and MirpurCampus typeUrbanColour(s) White and BlueSportsVariousNicknameStallionsWebsitescholasticabd.com
Scholastica is a private English medium school in Dhaka, Bangladesh, offering pre-school to A level courses. It was founded in 1977 by businesswoman and former advisor to the government, Yasmeen Murshed. The school follows the Cambridge International Curriculum set by the Cambridge Assessment International Education for Grade 9 to 12 and offers the GCE O Level,
GCE AS Level and the GCE A Level qualifications.
It is prominently recognised as one of the elite schools of Bangladesh, boasting a strong alumni network.
History
Scholastica was founded in 1977, in an effort to meet the demands for schools having English as the medium of instruction, but emphasising equal proficiency in Bengali. At the time of its founding, the school comprised a single campus for junior-level students (grades PG to Class 2) in Gulshan. Since then, the school has expanded to six campuses: four for junior-level students, and two senior-level campuses, both the Mirpur and Uttara campuses are now considered the school's main campus.
Curriculum
Scholastica offers a complete primary, elementary, secondary and high school program leading to the General Certificate of Education examinations which are conducted by the British Council in Dhaka.
Since the 2008–09 academic session, the school's O and A Level examinations have been administered by Cambridge Assessment International Education, replacing the Edexcel system of schooling.
Laboratory
Laboratory facilities are provided for all the science classes. The senior laboratories are inspected and approved by the representatives of the University of London to meet its standard for the practical requirement of the 'O' and 'A' Level examinations.
Extra-curricular activities
Scholastica extra-curricular activities include drama, debating and public speaking. The school also offers a large number of both teacher and student run clubs. School teams participate in inter-school and national competitions. Theatrical presentations are performed in English and Bengali, and it is well known for its annual dramas. Several after-school programs are offered beginning in middle school.
The school is also famous for its renowned Model United Nations conferences, known as "SCHOMUN” in its Uttara Branch which was also the first school affiliated Model UN conference in the country. The conference is managed by the school's Model UN club founded in 2015 with Shadman Shakib serving as the club's president during the 2015-2016 and 2016–2017 academic sessions.
The school's Mirpur Campus also hosts its own conference known as "SMUN”. The school is also known for hosting the Scholastica Business Summit or "SBS."
Notable alumni
Wasfia Nazreen, first Bangladeshi and Bengali to the complete the Seven Summits record
Shazia Omar, Bangladeshi English-language novelist
Tulip Siddiq, British Member of Parliament and granddaughter of the Father of the nation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Iresh Zaker, a Bangladeshi advertising executive, television and film actor and a musician.
References
^ "Scholastica, Narinda retain title in School Handball". The Financial Express. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
^ Sreenivasan Jain (4 July 2016). "From Elite Schools To ISIS? Mystery of Dhaka Attackers". NDTV. Retrieved 24 October 2016.- "Security boosted at Dhaka schools". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
^ "Profile of Some Schools of Dhaka". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
^ "Hasina, but not Rehana, wants Tulip in Bangladesh politics". Prothom Alo. BSS. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ Angela, Nusrat Jahin (4 September 2013). "Flying High at Harvard Model United Nations Conference". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
^ "'Aladdin' Staged at Scholastica". 5 November 2022.
^ https://www.dhakatribune.com/dhaka/2022/12/21/3-day-model-united-nations-conference-held-at-scholastica
^ "Scholastica hosts Business Summit beginning today". November 2017.
^ Salam, Upashana (21 November 2014). "Wasfia's Everest". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ Kasturi, Charu Sudan (5 July 2016). "Missing from class photo, youth surfaces in café". The Telegraph. Kolkata.
^ "Have faith in you". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
^ Sultana, Fauzia (25 September 2011). "Master of Many Trades". Star Campus. The Daily Star.
External links
Scholastica
vteUttara, suburb of DhakaSectors
Phase 1 (Sector 1-10)
Phase 2 (Sector 11-14)
Phase 3 (Sector 15-18)
Thanas
East Thana
West Thana
Turag Thana
Populated places
Azampur
House Building
Diabari
Rupayan City
Shopping mall
Rajlokkhi Complex
Transport
Dhaka Airport railway station
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport
Uttara North
Uttara Center
Uttara South
Sonargaon Janapath Road
Hospital
Kuwait Bangladesh Friendship Government Hospital
Medical College for Women and Hospital
Schools & Colleges
Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh
Aga Khan School, Dhaka
Armed Police Battalion School & College
Bangladesh International Tutorial
International Hope School Bangladesh
Milestone College
RAJUK Uttara Model College
Scholastica
South Breeze School
Sunbeams School
Uttara High School and College
Uttara Town College
Universities
Asian University of Bangladesh
Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology
International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology
Tagore University of Creative Arts
Uttara University
World University of Bangladesh
Medical colleges
Medical College for Women and Hospital
Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College
Sports
AFC Uttara
Uttara FC
Uttara FC Women
Business
Air Astra
vteSchools and colleges in DhakaCantonment
Adamjee Cantonment College
BAF Shaheen College Dhaka
Shaheed Bir Uttam Lt. Anwar Girls School & College
BAF Shaheen English Medium College
BAF Shaheen College Kurmitola
Adamjee Cantonment Public School
Noubahini College, Dhaka
Dhaka Can't Girls School & College
Mirpur Cantonment School & College
Nirjhor Cantonment School & College
Muslim Mordern Academy
Shaheed Ramiz Uddin Cantonment College
Banani
Banani Bidyaniketan School and College
South Point School and College, Banani Campus
Badda
Badda Alatunnessa Higher Secondary School
Cambrian School and College
Banasree
Ideal School and College, Banasree Campus
National Ideal College
Dhaka Imperial College
Baridhara
American International School of Dhaka
South Point School and College, Baridhara Campus
Bashundhara
International School Dhaka
Viqarunnisa Noon School and College, Bashundhara Campus
Dhanmondi
Dhaka College
College of Development Alternative
Dhaka City College
Dhanmondi Tutorial
Government Laboratory High School
Gulshan
Manarat Dhaka International School and College
Scholastica
Bangladesh International Tutorial
Chittagong Grammar School Dhaka
Grace International School
Mohakhali
Government Titumir College
Bangladesh International School and College, Mohakhali DOHS
Mirpur
Dhaka Commerce College
BCIC College
Police Staff College, Bangladesh
SOS Hermann Gmeiner College
Monipur High School and College
Government Bangla College
Mohammadpur
Dhaka Residential Model College
Government Physical Education College, Dhaka
Mohammadpur Model School & College
Mohammadpur Preparatory School & College
St. Joseph Higher Secondary School
Motijheel
Ideal School and College
Motijheel Government Boys' High School
Motijheel Model High School and College
Notre Dame College, Dhaka
Ramna
Udayan Higher Secondary School
Viqarunnisa Noon School and College
Shahbag
Agrani School and College
Eden Mohila College
Tejgaon
Government Science College
Holy Cross College
Tejgaon College
Civil Aviation School And College
Uttara
Milestone College
RAJUK Uttara Model College
Uttara High School and College
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"English medium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_medium"},{"link_name":"Dhaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka"},{"link_name":"Bangladesh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh"},{"link_name":"pre-school","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-school"},{"link_name":"A level","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)"},{"link_name":"Yasmeen Murshed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasmeen_Murshed"},{"link_name":"Cambridge Assessment International Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_International_Education"},{"link_name":"GCE O Level","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_Level"},{"link_name":"GCE AS Level","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Subsidiary_Level"},{"link_name":"GCE A Level","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Scholastica is a private English medium school in Dhaka, Bangladesh, offering pre-school to A level courses. It was founded in 1977 by businesswoman and former advisor to the government, Yasmeen Murshed. The school follows the Cambridge International Curriculum set by the Cambridge Assessment International Education for Grade 9 to 12 and offers the GCE O Level,\nGCE AS Level and the GCE A Level qualifications. \nIt is prominently recognised as one of the elite schools of Bangladesh, boasting a strong alumni network.[2]","title":"Scholastica (school)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bengali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Gulshan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulshan_Thana"},{"link_name":"Mirpur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirpur_Model_Thana"},{"link_name":"Uttara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttara_Model_Town"}],"text":"Scholastica was founded in 1977, in an effort to meet the demands for schools having English as the medium of instruction, but emphasising equal proficiency in Bengali.[3] At the time of its founding, the school comprised a single campus for junior-level students (grades PG to Class 2) in Gulshan. Since then, the school has expanded to six campuses: four for junior-level students, and two senior-level campuses, both the Mirpur and Uttara campuses are now considered the school's main campus.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"General Certificate of Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Education"},{"link_name":"British Council","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Council"},{"link_name":"Dhaka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka"},{"link_name":"Cambridge Assessment International Education","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_International_Education"},{"link_name":"Edexcel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edexcel"}],"text":"Scholastica offers a complete primary, elementary, secondary and high school program leading to the General Certificate of Education examinations which are conducted by the British Council in Dhaka.Since the 2008–09 academic session, the school's O and A Level examinations have been administered by Cambridge Assessment International Education, replacing the Edexcel system of schooling.","title":"Curriculum"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_London"},{"link_name":"'O'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE_Ordinary_Level"},{"link_name":"'A' Level","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level"}],"sub_title":"Laboratory","text":"Laboratory facilities are provided for all the science classes. The senior laboratories are inspected and approved by the representatives of the University of London to meet its standard for the practical requirement of the 'O' and 'A' Level examinations.","title":"Curriculum"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"Model United Nations","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_United_Nations"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"Extra-curricular activities","text":"Scholastica extra-curricular activities include drama, debating and public speaking. The school also offers a large number of both teacher and student run clubs.[4] School teams participate in inter-school and national competitions.[5] Theatrical presentations are performed in English and Bengali, and it is well known for its annual dramas.[6] Several after-school programs are offered beginning in middle school.The school is also famous for its renowned Model United Nations conferences, known as \"SCHOMUN” in its Uttara Branch which was also the first school affiliated Model UN conference in the country. The conference is managed by the school's Model UN club founded in 2015 with Shadman Shakib serving as the club's president during the 2015-2016 and 2016–2017 academic sessions.The school's Mirpur Campus also hosts its own conference known as \"SMUN”.[7] The school is also known for hosting the Scholastica Business Summit or \"SBS.\"[8]","title":"Curriculum"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wasfia Nazreen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasfia_Nazreen"},{"link_name":"Seven Summits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Summits"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Shazia Omar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shazia_Omar"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Tulip Siddiq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_Siddiq"},{"link_name":"Sheikh Mujibur Rahman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Iresh Zaker","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iresh_Zaker"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc25Sep2011-12"}],"text":"Wasfia Nazreen, first Bangladeshi and Bengali to the complete the Seven Summits record[9]\nShazia Omar, Bangladeshi English-language novelist[10]\nTulip Siddiq, British Member of Parliament and granddaughter of the Father of the nation of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[11]\nIresh Zaker, a Bangladeshi advertising executive, television and film actor and a musician.[12]","title":"Notable alumni"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Scholastica, Narinda retain title in School Handball\". The Financial Express. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150707160113/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=126003&date=2012-04-08","url_text":"\"Scholastica, Narinda retain title in School Handball\""},{"url":"http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=126003&date=2012-04-08","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Sreenivasan Jain (4 July 2016). \"From Elite Schools To ISIS? Mystery of Dhaka Attackers\". NDTV. Retrieved 24 October 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/from-elite-schools-to-isis-mystery-of-dhaka-attackers-1427564","url_text":"\"From Elite Schools To ISIS? Mystery of Dhaka Attackers\""}]},{"reference":"\"Security boosted at Dhaka schools\". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161025052320/http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/jul/22/security-boosted-dhaka-schools","url_text":"\"Security boosted at Dhaka schools\""},{"url":"http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/jul/22/security-boosted-dhaka-schools","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Profile of Some Schools of Dhaka\". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. Retrieved 7 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2010/04/schools/8.html","url_text":"\"Profile of Some Schools of Dhaka\""}]},{"reference":"\"Hasina, but not Rehana, wants Tulip in Bangladesh politics\". Prothom Alo. BSS. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001323/http://www.en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/90509/Hasina-but-not-Rehana-wants-Tulip-in-Bangladesh","url_text":"\"Hasina, but not Rehana, wants Tulip in Bangladesh politics\""},{"url":"http://www.en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/90509/Hasina-but-not-Rehana-wants-Tulip-in-Bangladesh","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Angela, Nusrat Jahin (4 September 2013). \"Flying High at Harvard Model United Nations Conference\". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. Retrieved 7 July 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/flying-high-at-harvard-model-united-nations-conference/","url_text":"\"Flying High at Harvard Model United Nations Conference\""}]},{"reference":"\"'Aladdin' Staged at Scholastica\". 5 November 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/aladdin-staged-scholastica-526126","url_text":"\"'Aladdin' Staged at Scholastica\""}]},{"reference":"\"Scholastica hosts Business Summit beginning today\". November 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/267489/Scholastica-hostsBusiness-Summitbeginning-today","url_text":"\"Scholastica hosts Business Summit beginning today\""}]},{"reference":"Salam, Upashana (21 November 2014). \"Wasfia's Everest\". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thedailystar.net/wasfias-everest-51128","url_text":"\"Wasfia's Everest\""}]},{"reference":"Kasturi, Charu Sudan (5 July 2016). \"Missing from class photo, youth surfaces in café\". The Telegraph. Kolkata.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/missing-from-class-photo-youth-surfaces-in-caf-eacute/cid/1516668","url_text":"\"Missing from class photo, youth surfaces in café\""}]},{"reference":"\"Have faith in you\". The Daily Star. Bangladesh. 7 April 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/have-faith-you-191701","url_text":"\"Have faith in you\""}]},{"reference":"Sultana, Fauzia (25 September 2011). \"Master of Many Trades\". Star Campus. The Daily Star.","urls":[{"url":"http://archive.thedailystar.net/campus/2011/09/03/chat.htm","url_text":"\"Master of Many Trades\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://scholasticabd.com/","external_links_name":"scholasticabd.com"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150707160113/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=126003&date=2012-04-08","external_links_name":"\"Scholastica, Narinda retain title in School Handball\""},{"Link":"http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=126003&date=2012-04-08","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/from-elite-schools-to-isis-mystery-of-dhaka-attackers-1427564","external_links_name":"\"From Elite Schools To ISIS? Mystery of Dhaka Attackers\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20161025052320/http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/jul/22/security-boosted-dhaka-schools","external_links_name":"\"Security boosted at Dhaka schools\""},{"Link":"http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/jul/22/security-boosted-dhaka-schools","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2010/04/schools/8.html","external_links_name":"\"Profile of Some Schools of Dhaka\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001323/http://www.en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/90509/Hasina-but-not-Rehana-wants-Tulip-in-Bangladesh","external_links_name":"\"Hasina, but not Rehana, wants Tulip in Bangladesh politics\""},{"Link":"http://www.en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/90509/Hasina-but-not-Rehana-wants-Tulip-in-Bangladesh","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/flying-high-at-harvard-model-united-nations-conference/","external_links_name":"\"Flying High at Harvard Model United Nations Conference\""},{"Link":"https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/aladdin-staged-scholastica-526126","external_links_name":"\"'Aladdin' Staged at Scholastica\""},{"Link":"https://www.dhakatribune.com/dhaka/2022/12/21/3-day-model-united-nations-conference-held-at-scholastica","external_links_name":"https://www.dhakatribune.com/dhaka/2022/12/21/3-day-model-united-nations-conference-held-at-scholastica"},{"Link":"https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/267489/Scholastica-hostsBusiness-Summitbeginning-today","external_links_name":"\"Scholastica hosts Business Summit beginning today\""},{"Link":"http://www.thedailystar.net/wasfias-everest-51128","external_links_name":"\"Wasfia's Everest\""},{"Link":"https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/missing-from-class-photo-youth-surfaces-in-caf-eacute/cid/1516668","external_links_name":"\"Missing from class photo, youth surfaces in café\""},{"Link":"http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/have-faith-you-191701","external_links_name":"\"Have faith in you\""},{"Link":"http://archive.thedailystar.net/campus/2011/09/03/chat.htm","external_links_name":"\"Master of Many Trades\""},{"Link":"http://www.scholasticabd.com/","external_links_name":"Scholastica"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_FC
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Tyler FC
|
["1 History","1.1 About Tyler Football Club","2 Year-by-year","3 Head coaches","4 Stadium","5 References"]
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Football clubTyler FCFull nameTyler Football ClubNickname(s)The KingsFoundedDecember 8, 2016; 7 years ago (2016-12-08)StadiumKings Park (Bristo Field)Capacity1,000PresidentChristopher AvilaVice PresidentJason MartinezHead CoachChris AvilaLeagueNPSL, UPSLInaugural Season2017WebsiteClub website
Home colours
Away colours
Tyler Football Club is a semi-pro American soccer club based in Tyler, Texas that plays in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) and United Premier Soccer League (UPSL), both who are fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid.
History
About Tyler Football Club
The club was announced as an expansion team by the National Premier Soccer League on December 8, 2016. The club is led by President Christopher Avila a native to Tyler, TX and Vice President Jason Martinez. 2017-2018 was a rough beginning for the club as Tyler FC tried to find their identity in style of play. 2019 was a breakthrough season as higher level recruits came through and players who played in previous seasons began to gain experience playing in the NPSL. In the fall of 2019 Tyler FC joined 4th division UPSL, joining up in the Red River Conference (2nd tier UPSL). After a successful inaugural season in the UPSL 2nd tier, Tyler FC managed to score 49 goals and place 2nd in the nation for most goals scored. Although they did not win their conference they managed to go get promoted to 1st tier UPSL after a breakthrough season.
Year-by-year
Year
Division
League
Position
Playoffs
Open Cup
Avg. attendance
2017
4th
NPSL
6th, Lone Star Conference
Did not qualify
Did not qualify
427
2018
4th
NPSL
6th, Lone Star Conference
Did not qualify
Did not qualify
315
2019
4th
NPSL
5th, Lone Star Conference
Did not qualify
Did not qualify
235
Year
Division
League
Position
Playoffs
Open Cup
Avg. attendance
2019 (Fall)
4th
UPSL
2nd, Red River Conference
Promoted to 1st
Did not qualify
260
Head coaches
Christopher Avila & Jason Martinez (2017)
Demetrio Hernadez & Jason Martinez (2018)
Devy Desiree & Karl Messniere (2019 Spring)
Christopher Avila, Jason Martinez & Sergio Gardea (2019 Fall-Current)
Stadium
Herrington Stadium; Tyler, Texas (2017)
Kings Park; Chandler, Texas (2018-Current)
References
^ "Tyler FC Kings Seals the Deal with Brook Hill Guards! - Tyler FC". Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
^ "Tyler Football Club Joins NPSL". National Premier Soccer League. NPSL.com. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
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This article about a soccer club from Texas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
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|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Tyler FC Kings Seals the Deal with Brook Hill Guards! - Tyler FC\". Archived from the original on 2017-02-14. Retrieved 2017-02-13.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102013/http://www.tylerfootballclub.com/news/tyler-fc-kings-seals-the-deal-with-brook-hill-guards","url_text":"\"Tyler FC Kings Seals the Deal with Brook Hill Guards! - Tyler FC\""},{"url":"http://www.tylerfootballclub.com/news/tyler-fc-kings-seals-the-deal-with-brook-hill-guards","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Tyler Football Club Joins NPSL\". National Premier Soccer League. NPSL.com. Retrieved December 8, 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.npsl.com/news_article/show/731536?referral=rss&referrer_id=2168389","url_text":"\"Tyler Football Club Joins NPSL\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League","url_text":"National Premier Soccer League"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_Helicopters_H175
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Airbus Helicopters H175
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["1 Development","2 Design","3 Operational history","4 Operators","5 Variants","6 Specifications (EC175)","7 See also","8 References","9 External links"]
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Medium utility helicopter
H175AC352
Role
Super-medium utility helicopterType of aircraft
National origin
Multinational
Manufacturer
EurocopterAirbus HelicoptersAviation Industry Corporation of China
First flight
H175: 17 December 2009AC352: 20 December 2016
Introduction
H175 : December 2014
Status
In service
Produced
2009-present
The Airbus Helicopters H175 (formerly Eurocopter EC175) is a 7-ton class super-medium utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters (formerly Eurocopter Group). In China, the H175 is produced by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) as the Avicopter AC352. Originally launched as the Eurocopter EC175 and the Harbin Z-15, it has been referred to as being a 'super-medium' helicopter.
Formally launched at Heli-Expo in Houston on 24 February 2008, it was predicted by Airbus Helicopters that approximately 800 to 1,000 EC175s would be sold over an initial 20-year period. It entered service in December 2014; in 2015, the EC175 was formally renamed to the H175, in line with Eurocopter's corporate rebranding as Airbus Helicopters.
Development
In February 2005, Eurocopter president Fabrice Brégier revealed that in-depth discussions were being held between Eurocopter and China Aviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II) on the topic of the co-development of a new medium-heavy twin-engine helicopter, tentatively designated as the EC175. In October 2005, AgustaWestland acknowledged that it had also been approached by AVIC II, and that the firm was interested in participating if Eurocopter failed to secure the co-development contract.
On 5 December 2005, the signing of a development contract for the EC175 was announced by Eurocopter and AVIC-II's subsidiary Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG). Early development work on the project proceeded as per schedule: On 5 December 2006, the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) was completed; the Critical Design Review (CDR) was completed on 5 December 2007, at which point the design of the aircraft and all its sub-systems was frozen. In 2008, it was expected that development of the EC175 would cost €600 million. The EC175 was developed through close cooperation with existing operators via a customer advisory team (CAT) approach.
An EC175 prototype during a demonstration flight, 2011
During the EC175's formal unveiling at Heli-Expo 2008, Eurocopter booked a total of 111 purchase options from 13 customers, including launch customers Bristow Helicopters and the VIH Aviation Group. During the Zhuhai Airshow in November 2008, a letter of intent for 5 Z-15s was signed between HAIG and Chinese domestic general-purpose aviation company Longken General Aviation Cooperation. As defined in 2008, the commercial marketing of the EC175 as follows: HAIG is responsible for selling the type within China and neighboring nations, Airbus Helicopters is responsible for sales to the rest of the world.
On 4 December 2009, the EC175 prototype made its unofficial first flight; the official maiden flight of the prototype was on 17 December 2009 in Marignane, France. A two-year delivery delay was encountered, partly due to certification issues with the rotorcraft's Helinix avionics suite. The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) were originally expected to issue type certification for the EC175 sometime in 2013; this was formally received in January 2014. In September 2015, Avicopter publicly revealed their first AC352 prototype. In December 2015, flight tests of the Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16 powerplant were performed using an H175 prototype.
An initial assembly line for the EC175 was established at Airbus Helicopters' Marignane facility; in 2008, it was reported that a second assembly line for the type was intended to follow within five years. In April 2014, an agreement between Airbus Helicopters and Avicopter was made for the production of 1,000 EC175; lasting for 20 years, manufacturing is split half-and-half between separate assembly lines operated by the two firms.
As of June 2014, the EC175 had the distinction of holding both the 3 km and 6 km time-to-climb records for its class, ratified by FAI, at about a minute per kilometre. In May 2015, a H175 was used as a demonstrator for Airbus Helicopter's low-noise helicopter instrument approach project, a world-first achieved via satellite-augmented navigation to optimize rotor-craft noise levels.
By May 2015, the H175 had been certified for single-pilot operations under visual flight rules (VFR); Airbus Helicopters is studying single-pilot operations under instrument flight rules, but this is not considered to be a priority due to low demand for this functionality.
Design
View of an in-flight H175, 2013
Airbus Helicopters is responsible for the H175's main gearbox, tail rotor, avionics, autopilot, hydraulic and electrical systems, doors and transparencies. Airbus Helicopters is also the technical lead and system integrator, and built two of the three prototypes (the first and third). HAIG is responsible for the airframe, tail and intermediate gearboxes, main rotor, fuel system, flight controls and landing gear. Each firm separately handles marketing, customer support, and certification efforts for the type. Both the design and production of the rotorcraft made extensive use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). CAD allowed Airbus Helicopters and HAIG to create a virtual mock-up, simplifying coordination between partners based 10,000 km apart.
Airbus Helicopters-built H175s are powered by two 1,325 kW (1,775 shp) class, Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)-equipped Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E turboshaft engines, which provide for a 5,000-hour time between overhaul (TBO) and on-condition maintenance. Chinese-produced AC352s are equipped with two modular 1,800 shp class, dual-FADEC Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16 turboshaft engines, which were specifically developed by a joint partnership between Turbomeca and AVIC Engine for the rotorcraft. The engines drive the rotorcraft's five-blade Spheriflex main rotor and a three-blade tail rotor. The EC175's main gearbox will incorporate two accessory gearboxes and will be de-clutchable, avoiding the cost and weight of an auxiliary power unit (APU). The gears and the casing of the H175's main gearbox were developed using CATIA V5, a first for Airbus Helicopters.
The H175 was designed to exceed EASA CS-29 crashworthiness requirements. It is capable of performing full Category A dual-pilot operation; additionally, it possesses Sea State 6 capability, and can be equipped with two oversized 18-passenger life rafts and an emergency flotation system. Airbus Helicopters states that the H175's noise signature is "way below" International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements.
H175 on static display, 2009
The H175 is built for civilian and parapublic applications, its primary markets being support of the oil and gas industry and search and rescue missions. Other applicable roles include parapublic operations, homeland security, air medical services, utility missions and corporate transportation. The EC175 is offered with multiple interior seating configurations, housing up to 18 passengers in an oil and gas transport configuration, 9-12 passengers in an executive layout, and 6-8 in a VIP configuration It is fitted with wide sliding doors for ease of access and oversized jettisonable windows for emergency egress. The H175 has a flat floor without any partition between the cockpit and the cabin area, which enables various flexible layouts to be adopted. Either auxiliary fuel tanks or a storage area can be installed beneath the cabin floor, which can be accessed internally; a large luggage compartment externally accessible from either side is present in some configurations.
The Helionix avionics suite is used on the H175; much of the state-of-the-art avionics are derived from those developed for the Eurocopter EC225; one such system is the Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), a 4-axis dual-duplex autopilot which is linked to the rotorcraft's Flight Management System. The cockpit features a total of four 6X8-inch multi-function LCD displays, plus an optional central mission display. The H175's cockpit is night vision goggles-compatible. A sensor operator's console can be installed in the main cabin area, and a chin-mounted electrical-optical sensor can be equipped.
Operational history
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2015)
In December 2014, the first production H175s, of the oil and gas industry model, entered service with Belgian operator Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen (NHV) for operations over the North Sea; by August 2015, the first two examples had accumulated 1,000 flight hours over 750 flights, carrying a total of 11,000 passengers, while achieving a dispatch rate in excess of 90%. NHV has ordered a total of 16 H175s.
It has been alleged that the People's Liberation Army intends to order a large quantity of AC352s in the next decade to replace a significant portion of their existing rotorcraft fleet, such as older Mil Mi-8s, Sikorsky S-70s, Harbin Z-8s and Harbin Z-9s.
In March 2015, Bristow Group became the then-largest customer for the type, ordering a total of 17 H175s for offshore oil and gas missions. A further 5 units were added to the order in 2017. By January 6, 2020, the order for 22 units was canceled as part of Bristow's emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In June 2015, leasing firm Milestone Aviation Group expanded the number of H175s that it had on order to 28 rotorcraft. In June 2015, Russian operator UTair, who had ordered a total of 15 H175s from Eurocopter Vostok in March 2011, announced that the remainder of its order had been placed on hold, this move was linked with a decline in oil prices and international sanctions placed upon Russia.
In September 2015, it was announced that the Hong Kong Government Flying Service would become the launch customer for the Search and Rescue (SAR) variant of the H175.
Operators
H175 of Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen at Aberdeen Airport in 2017.
External videos Summary of winter certification Documentary on H175 VIP variant An inflight H175 performing a public demonstration
Belgium
Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen
Hong Kong
Government Flying Service
Ireland
Milestone Aviation Group (28 on order)
Malaysia
Hornbill Skyways
Mexico
Transportes Aereos Pegaso (9 on order)
Netherlands
Heli Holland
Russia
UTair (15 on order)
Thailand
Royal Thai Police
United Kingdom
CHC Helicopter
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan Airways
Variants
EC175
Original Eurocopter designation before it became Airbus Helicopters.
H175
Re-designation of the EC175. Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 powered variant produced with different role fits including search and rescue, oil and gas industry, and VIP roles.
H175M
Military variant. Offered to the Royal Air Force (UK) for its New Medium Helicopter (NMH) programme.
Z-15
Original Chinese designation.
AC352
Chinese-produced aircraft with WZ-16 engines.
Specifications (EC175)
Rearview of a H175, 2013
Data from EASA Type certificate and Airbus Helicopters websiteGeneral characteristics
Crew: 2
Capacity: 12-18 pax
Length: 18.06 m (59 ft 3 in) rotors running
15.68 m (51 ft) nose to tail rotor disc
Height: 5.34 m (17 ft 6 in) to tail rotor tip
Empty weight: 4,603 kg (10,148 lb)
Gross weight: 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 7,800 kg (17,196 lb)
Fuel capacity: 2,710 L (720 US gal; 600 imp gal) / 2,136 kg (4,709 lb)
Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E turboshaft engines with dual channel FADEC, 1,324 kW (1,776 hp) each for take-off
1,227 kW (1,645 hp) maximum continuous power
Main rotor diameter: 14.8 m (48 ft 7 in)
Main rotor area: 172 m2 (1,850 sq ft)
Performance
Maximum speed: 315 km/h (196 mph, 170 kn)
Cruise speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)
Range: 1,259 km (782 mi, 680 nmi)
Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 18.288 m/s (3,600.0 ft/min)
See also
Aviation portal
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
AgustaWestland AW149
AgustaWestland AW189
Bell 525 Relentless
Harbin Z-20
KAI KUH-1 Surion
NHIndustries NH90
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk
References
^ a b "Heli Expo 2015 Preview", page 114. Helicopter International, Volume 38 Number 4 January – February 2015. ISSN 0143-1005. Archive
^ a b c d Airbus Helicopters Rotor News 75. "EC175, a star is born"
^ Warwick, Graham. "Heli-Expo 2008: Eurocopter unveils EC175, names launch customers." Flight Global. Flightglobal.com. Accessed 28 February 2008.
^ "VIDEO: Meet the H Generation." Airbus Helicopters, 3 March 2015.
^ "Heli-Expo - Eurocopter talks to China on development of heavy twin." Flight International, 15 February 2005.
^ Sobie, Brendan. "AgustaWestland steps up Chinese campaign." Flight International, 4 October 2005.
^ Massy-Beresford, Helen. and Murdo Morrison. "EADS aims to crack China." Flight International, 13 December 2005.
^ Eurocopter Rotor News 76. "The EC175 arrives on the scene" Archived 9 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^ Airbus Helicopters Press Release. "Major success for Eurocopter at Heli-Expo 2008: 111 signatures for its brand new EC175, 120 orders for its current range"
^ Rotorhub. "First EC175 airframe delivered to Eurocopter in China"
^ Scramble (368). Dutch Aviation Society. January 2010. ISSN 0927-3417.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
^ "Avicopter ponders alternative engine following EC175 first flight." Flight International, 17 December 2009.
^ Lert, Frederic. "Airbus Helicopters Delivers First Two EC175s to NHV." AIN Online, 12 December 2014.
^ a b "EASA Type-certificate data sheet No. EASA.R.150 for EC175 Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine" European Aviation Safety Agency, 5 February 2014. Retrieved: 12 March 2015.
^ a b Thierry, Dubois. "Avicopter Unveils AC352 Prototype at China Helo Expo." AIN Online, 14 September 2015.
^ Osborne, Tony. "Airbus Testing Ardiden Engine On Chinese AC352." Aviation Week, 10 December 2015.
^ Thomson Financial News. "Eurocopter CEO defends buy of German company, Romania outsourcing" Forbes 30 June 2008.
^ Padfield, R. Randall. "Avicopter and Airbus Launch Joint Helicopter Production." AIN Online, 10 April 2014.
^ Spruce, Terry. "Airbus Helicopters and Avicopter sign 20 year production agreement." Corporate Jet Investor, 27 March 2014.
^ "E-1g (Helicopters: take off weight 6000 to 10000 kg) – Time to climb to a height of 3 000 m Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 17 June 2014.
^ "E-1g (Helicopters: take off weight 6000 to 10000 kg) – Time to climb to a height of 6 000 m Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 17 June 2014.
^ Turner, Aimee. "Airbus launches world-first green IFR procedures for helicopters." Air Traffic Management.net, 12 MAy 2015.
^ a b Huber, Mark. "Soft Launch for Airbus H175 ." AIN Online, 25 May 2015.
^ a b Aviation Week & Space Technology, 7 April 2008.
^ a b Dubois, Thierry. "Chinese Civil Helo’s Turboshaft Engine Makes First Run." AIN Online, 5 December 2013.
^ Airbus Helicopters Rotor News 66. "Immediate Results."
^ Aviation International News. "New Rotorcraft"
^ "Safran’s Close Ties With China." Aviation Week, 11 November 2014.
^ a b c d Airbus Helicopters EC175 trifold brochure, March 2008.
^ CS-29 (Large Rotorcraft). EASA, 17 November 2008.
^ a b c d e f g h "The H175: Airbus Helicopters’ New Medium-Sized Twin-Engine Helicopter for demanding missions and Costeffective Operations." Airbus Helicopters, 2015.
^ "EASA Type-certificate data sheet No. EASA.R.150 for EC175, noise Archived 3 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine" European Aviation Safety Agency, 5 February 2014. Retrieved: 12 March 2015.
^ Dubois, Thierry. "NHV Logs First 1,000 Hours with Airbus Helicopters H175." AIN Onlines, 27 August 2015.
^ "Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)". AirForceWorld.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
^ Parsons, Dan. "Service agreement key to Bristow's increased H175 order." Flight International, 5 March 2015.
^ Sprice, Terry. "Milestone signs for 28 H175 helicopters." helicopterinvestor.com, 15 June 2015.
^ "UTair signed for 15 EC175." Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Rotor, April 2011.
^ "UTair rinvia la consegna degli elicotteri H175 e Mi-171." HeliPress, 4 June 2015.
^ Gerden, Eugene. "UTair Aviation postpones deliveries of H175s and Mi-171s." Vertical, 3 June 2015.
^ a b Perry, Dominic. "Hong Kong's GFS places first order for H175 SAR variant." Flight International
^ "Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen". nhv.be. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
^ "Helicopter Contract Award" (PDF). Hong Kong Government.
^ "Milestone Aviation Group to Acquire 28 H175 Airbus Helicopters" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ a b "Airbus Helicopters delivers the first H175 to be operated in the Americas" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. Mexico City. 17 October 2017.
^ "Heli Holland expand offshore fleet with two H155s and an H175". helihub.com. 16 August 2017.
^ "Royal Thai Police becomes first H175 operator in Asia Pacific" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. London. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
^ "CHC launches new helicopter programme" (Press release). Shephard Media. Aberdeen, Scotland. 4 August 2017.
^ vesti.uz "НА КАКОМ ВЕРТОЛЕТЕ ЛЕТАЕТ МИРЗИЕЕВ". 30 August 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
^ "The new Airbus military helicopter that could bring hundreds of jobs to Flintshire". Deeside.com.
^ "Airbus touts H175M for possible RAF Puma replacement contest".
^ "DSEI 2021: Airbus pitches H175M UK production for RAF's New Medium Helicopter acquisition | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com.
^ "EC175 Characteristics". airbushelicopters.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
^ "300 kg increase". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Airbus Helicopters H175.
Official page on the Airbus Helicopters website
Eurocopter unveils its brand-new EC175 at Heli-Expo 2008
Z-15 Medium Utility Helicopter Programme
Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)
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In China, the H175 is produced by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) as the Avicopter AC352. Originally launched as the Eurocopter EC175 and the Harbin Z-15, it has been referred to as being a 'super-medium' helicopter.Formally launched at Heli-Expo in Houston on 24 February 2008, it was predicted by Airbus Helicopters that approximately 800 to 1,000 EC175s would be sold over an initial 20-year period.[2][3] It entered service in December 2014; in 2015, the EC175 was formally renamed to the H175, in line with Eurocopter's corporate rebranding as Airbus Helicopters.[4]","title":"Airbus Helicopters H175"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Fabrice Brégier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrice_Br%C3%A9gier"},{"link_name":"China Aviation Industry Corporation II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Aviation_Industry_Corporation_II"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-fhlight150205-5"},{"link_name":"AgustaWestland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sobie-6"},{"link_name":"Harbin Aircraft Industry Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin_Aircraft_Industry_Group"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Massey-7"},{"link_name":"Critical Design Review","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_review_(U.S._government)#Critical_Design_Review_.28CDR.29"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotor75-2"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotor76-8"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eurocopter_EC_175.jpg"},{"link_name":"Bristow Helicopters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristow_Helicopters"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EurocopterPR-9"},{"link_name":"Zhuhai Airshow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_International_Aviation_%26_Aerospace_Exhibition"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotorhub-10"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotor75-2"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-scramble368-11"},{"link_name":"maiden flight","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiden_flight"},{"link_name":"Marignane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marignane"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Flight171209-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Lert-13"},{"link_name":"European Aviation Safety Agency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Aviation_Safety_Agency"},{"link_name":"type certification","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_certificate"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-easa2015-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac352_reveal-15"},{"link_name":"Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safran_Ardiden"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-osborne-16"},{"link_name":"Marignane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marignane"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Thomson-17"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Padfield-18"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-spruce-19"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FAI_3km-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FAI_6km-21"},{"link_name":"FAI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_A%C3%A9ronautique_Internationale"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Turner-22"},{"link_name":"visual flight rules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules"},{"link_name":"instrument flight rules","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dispatch_AIN-23"}],"text":"In February 2005, Eurocopter president Fabrice Brégier revealed that in-depth discussions were being held between Eurocopter and China Aviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II) on the topic of the co-development of a new medium-heavy twin-engine helicopter, tentatively designated as the EC175.[5] In October 2005, AgustaWestland acknowledged that it had also been approached by AVIC II, and that the firm was interested in participating if Eurocopter failed to secure the co-development contract.[6]On 5 December 2005, the signing of a development contract for the EC175 was announced by Eurocopter and AVIC-II's subsidiary Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG).[7] Early development work on the project proceeded as per schedule: On 5 December 2006, the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) was completed; the Critical Design Review (CDR) was completed on 5 December 2007, at which point the design of the aircraft and all its sub-systems was frozen. In 2008, it was expected that development of the EC175 would cost €600 million.[2] The EC175 was developed through close cooperation with existing operators via a customer advisory team (CAT) approach.[8]An EC175 prototype during a demonstration flight, 2011During the EC175's formal unveiling at Heli-Expo 2008, Eurocopter booked a total of 111 purchase options from 13 customers, including launch customers Bristow Helicopters and the VIH Aviation Group.[9] During the Zhuhai Airshow in November 2008, a letter of intent for 5 Z-15s was signed between HAIG and Chinese domestic general-purpose aviation company Longken General Aviation Cooperation.[10] As defined in 2008, the commercial marketing of the EC175 as follows: HAIG is responsible for selling the type within China and neighboring nations, Airbus Helicopters is responsible for sales to the rest of the world.[2]On 4 December 2009, the EC175 prototype made its unofficial first flight;[11] the official maiden flight of the prototype was on 17 December 2009 in Marignane, France.[12] A two-year delivery delay was encountered, partly due to certification issues with the rotorcraft's Helinix avionics suite.[13] The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) were originally expected to issue type certification for the EC175 sometime in 2013; this was formally received in January 2014.[14] In September 2015, Avicopter publicly revealed their first AC352 prototype.[15] In December 2015, flight tests of the Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16 powerplant were performed using an H175 prototype.[16]An initial assembly line for the EC175 was established at Airbus Helicopters' Marignane facility; in 2008, it was reported that a second assembly line for the type was intended to follow within five years.[17] In April 2014, an agreement between Airbus Helicopters and Avicopter was made for the production of 1,000 EC175; lasting for 20 years, manufacturing is split half-and-half between separate assembly lines operated by the two firms.[18][19]As of June 2014, the EC175 had the distinction of holding both the 3 km[20] and 6 km[21] time-to-climb records for its class, ratified by FAI, at about a minute per kilometre. In May 2015, a H175 was used as a demonstrator for Airbus Helicopter's low-noise helicopter instrument approach project, a world-first achieved via satellite-augmented navigation to optimize rotor-craft noise levels.[22]By May 2015, the H175 had been certified for single-pilot operations under visual flight rules (VFR); Airbus Helicopters is studying single-pilot operations under instrument flight rules, but this is not considered to be a priority due to low demand for this functionality.[23]","title":"Development"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-WWPB_(8969543991).jpg"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AvWeek-24"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-engine_first_run-25"},{"link_name":"computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD/CAM"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotor66-26"},{"link_name":"Full Authority Digital Engine Control","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FADEC"},{"link_name":"Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_Canada_PT6"},{"link_name":"turboshaft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboshaft"},{"link_name":"time between overhaul","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_between_overhaul"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AIN-27"},{"link_name":"modular","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity"},{"link_name":"Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safran_Ardiden"},{"link_name":"Turbomeca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomeca"},{"link_name":"AVIC Engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_Industry_Corporation_of_China"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-engine_first_run-25"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-avweekzhuhai-28"},{"link_name":"auxiliary power unit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EC175_trifold-29"},{"link_name":"CATIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CATIA"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Rotor75-2"},{"link_name":"crashworthiness","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crashworthiness"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-easa-30"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"Sea State","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_State"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"International Civil Aviation Organization","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EC175_trifold-29"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-easa2015n-32"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Salon_du_Bourget_20090619_242.jpg"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EC175_trifold-29"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"Eurocopter EC225","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter_EC225"},{"link_name":"Flight Management System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_Management_System"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AvWeek-24"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-EC175_trifold-29"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"LCD","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display"},{"link_name":"night vision goggles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_vision"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-broch_2015-31"}],"text":"View of an in-flight H175, 2013Airbus Helicopters is responsible for the H175's main gearbox, tail rotor, avionics, autopilot, hydraulic and electrical systems, doors and transparencies. Airbus Helicopters is also the technical lead and system integrator, and built two of the three prototypes (the first and third). HAIG is responsible for the airframe, tail and intermediate gearboxes, main rotor, fuel system, flight controls and landing gear.[24] Each firm separately handles marketing, customer support, and certification efforts for the type.[25] Both the design and production of the rotorcraft made extensive use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). CAD allowed Airbus Helicopters and HAIG to create a virtual mock-up, simplifying coordination between partners based 10,000 km apart.[26]Airbus Helicopters-built H175s are powered by two 1,325 kW (1,775 shp) class, Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)-equipped Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E turboshaft engines, which provide for a 5,000-hour time between overhaul (TBO) and on-condition maintenance.[27] Chinese-produced AC352s are equipped with two modular 1,800 shp class, dual-FADEC Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16 turboshaft engines, which were specifically developed by a joint partnership between Turbomeca and AVIC Engine for the rotorcraft.[25][28] The engines drive the rotorcraft's five-blade Spheriflex main rotor and a three-blade tail rotor. The EC175's main gearbox will incorporate two accessory gearboxes and will be de-clutchable, avoiding the cost and weight of an auxiliary power unit (APU).[29] The gears and the casing of the H175's main gearbox were developed using CATIA V5, a first for Airbus Helicopters.[2]The H175 was designed to exceed EASA CS-29 crashworthiness requirements.[30][31] It is capable of performing full Category A dual-pilot operation; additionally, it possesses Sea State 6 capability, and can be equipped with two oversized 18-passenger life rafts and an emergency flotation system.[31] Airbus Helicopters states that the H175's noise signature is \"way below\" International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements.[29][32]H175 on static display, 2009The H175 is built for civilian and parapublic applications, its primary markets being support of the oil and gas industry and search and rescue missions. Other applicable roles include parapublic operations, homeland security, air medical services, utility missions and corporate transportation.[31] The EC175 is offered with multiple interior seating configurations, housing up to 18 passengers in an oil and gas transport configuration, 9-12 passengers in an executive layout, and 6-8 in a VIP configuration It is fitted with wide sliding doors for ease of access and oversized jettisonable windows for emergency egress. The H175 has a flat floor without any partition between the cockpit and the cabin area, which enables various flexible layouts to be adopted.[31] Either auxiliary fuel tanks or a storage area can be installed beneath the cabin floor, which can be accessed internally; a large luggage compartment externally accessible from either side is present in some configurations.[29][31]The Helionix avionics suite is used on the H175; much of the state-of-the-art avionics are derived from those developed for the Eurocopter EC225; one such system is the Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), a 4-axis dual-duplex autopilot which is linked to the rotorcraft's Flight Management System.[24][29][31] The cockpit features a total of four 6X8-inch multi-function LCD displays, plus an optional central mission display. The H175's cockpit is night vision goggles-compatible.[31] A sensor operator's console can be installed in the main cabin area, and a chin-mounted electrical-optical sensor can be equipped.[31]","title":"Design"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Belgian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"North Sea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-dispatch_AIN-23"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Dubois-33"},{"link_name":"People's Liberation Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army"},{"link_name":"Mil Mi-8s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil_Mi-8"},{"link_name":"Sikorsky S-70s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_S-70"},{"link_name":"Harbin Z-8s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Super_Frelon"},{"link_name":"Harbin Z-9s","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin_Z-9"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-AirForceWorld.com_Z-15_Chinese_Medium_Helicopter-34"},{"link_name":"Bristow Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristow_Group"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bristow-35"},{"link_name":"Milestone Aviation Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milestone_Aviation_Group"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Sprice-36"},{"link_name":"UTair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTair_Aviation"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-abhel-37"},{"link_name":"international sanctions placed upon Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-helipress-38"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gerden-39"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong Government Flying Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Flying_Service"},{"link_name":"Search and Rescue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_Rescue"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-flight_sep_15-40"}],"text":"In December 2014, the first production H175s, of the oil and gas industry model, entered service with Belgian operator Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen (NHV) for operations over the North Sea; by August 2015, the first two examples had accumulated 1,000 flight hours over 750 flights, carrying a total of 11,000 passengers, while achieving a dispatch rate in excess of 90%.[23] NHV has ordered a total of 16 H175s.[33]It has been alleged that the People's Liberation Army intends to order a large quantity of AC352s in the next decade to replace a significant portion of their existing rotorcraft fleet, such as older Mil Mi-8s, Sikorsky S-70s, Harbin Z-8s and Harbin Z-9s.[34]In March 2015, Bristow Group became the then-largest customer for the type, ordering a total of 17 H175s for offshore oil and gas missions.[35] A further 5 units were added to the order in 2017. By January 6, 2020, the order for 22 units was canceled as part of Bristow's emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In June 2015, leasing firm Milestone Aviation Group expanded the number of H175s that it had on order to 28 rotorcraft.[36] In June 2015, Russian operator UTair, who had ordered a total of 15 H175s from Eurocopter Vostok in March 2011,[37] announced that the remainder of its order had been placed on hold, this move was linked with a decline in oil prices and international sanctions placed upon Russia.[38][39]In September 2015, it was announced that the Hong Kong Government Flying Service would become the launch customer for the Search and Rescue (SAR) variant of the H175.[40]","title":"Operational history"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OO-NSI_(36317631912).jpg"},{"link_name":"Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noordzee_Helikopters_Vlaanderen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Aberdeen Airport","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Airport"},{"link_name":"Belgium","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium"},{"link_name":"Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noordzee_Helikopters_Vlaanderen&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-noordzee-41"},{"link_name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong"},{"link_name":"Government Flying Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Flying_Service"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hkgfs-42"},{"link_name":"Ireland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland"},{"link_name":"Milestone Aviation Group","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milestone_Aviation_Group"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-milestone-43"},{"link_name":"Malaysia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia"},{"link_name":"Hornbill Skyways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbill_Skyways"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ab.com-44"},{"link_name":"Mexico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ab.com-44"},{"link_name":"Netherlands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands"},{"link_name":"Heli Holland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heli_Holland"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-heli-45"},{"link_name":"Russia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia"},{"link_name":"UTair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTair_Aviation#Helicopter_operations"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-hiJan2015-1"},{"link_name":"Thailand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand"},{"link_name":"Royal Thai Police","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RTP-46"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"CHC Helicopter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHC_Helicopter"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-chc-47"},{"link_name":"Uzbekistan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan"},{"link_name":"Uzbekistan Airways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan_Airways"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-uzbekistan_airways-48"}],"text":"H175 of Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen at Aberdeen Airport in 2017.BelgiumNoordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen[41]Hong KongGovernment Flying Service[42]IrelandMilestone Aviation Group (28 on order)[43]MalaysiaHornbill Skyways[44]MexicoTransportes Aereos Pegaso (9 on order)[44]NetherlandsHeli Holland[45]RussiaUTair (15 on order)[1]ThailandRoyal Thai Police[46]United KingdomCHC Helicopter[47]UzbekistanUzbekistan Airways [48]","title":"Operators"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"search and rescue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_rescue"},{"link_name":"VIP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIP"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-flight_sep_15-40"},{"link_name":"New Medium Helicopter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Medium_Helicopter"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-49"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-50"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-51"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ac352_reveal-15"}],"text":"EC175\nOriginal Eurocopter designation before it became Airbus Helicopters.H175\nRe-designation of the EC175. Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 powered variant produced with different role fits including search and rescue, oil and gas industry, and VIP roles.[40]H175M\nMilitary variant. Offered to the Royal Air Force (UK) for its New Medium Helicopter (NMH) programme.[49][50][51]Z-15\nOriginal Chinese designation.AC352\nChinese-produced aircraft with WZ-16 engines.[15]","title":"Variants"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:F-WWPB_(8969525781).jpg"},{"link_name":"EASA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Aviation_Safety_Agency"},{"link_name":"Type certificate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_certificate"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-easa2015-14"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-abhelwebsite-52"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-events-53"},{"link_name":"turboshaft","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboshaft"}],"text":"Rearview of a H175, 2013Data from EASA Type certificate[14] and Airbus Helicopters website[52]General characteristicsCrew: 2\nCapacity: 12-18 pax\nLength: 18.06 m (59 ft 3 in) rotors running15.68 m (51 ft) nose to tail rotor discHeight: 5.34 m (17 ft 6 in) to tail rotor tip\nEmpty weight: 4,603 kg (10,148 lb)\nGross weight: 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)\nMax takeoff weight: 7,800 kg (17,196 lb) [53]\nFuel capacity: 2,710 L (720 US gal; 600 imp gal) / 2,136 kg (4,709 lb)\nPowerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E turboshaft engines with dual channel FADEC, 1,324 kW (1,776 hp) each for take-off1,227 kW (1,645 hp) maximum continuous powerMain rotor diameter: 14.8 m (48 ft 7 in)\nMain rotor area: 172 m2 (1,850 sq ft)PerformanceMaximum speed: 315 km/h (196 mph, 170 kn)\nCruise speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)\nRange: 1,259 km (782 mi, 680 nmi)\nService ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)\nRate of climb: 18.288 m/s (3,600.0 ft/min)","title":"Specifications (EC175)"}]
|
[{"image_text":"An EC175 prototype during a demonstration flight, 2011","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Eurocopter_EC_175.jpg/220px-Eurocopter_EC_175.jpg"},{"image_text":"View of an in-flight H175, 2013","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/F-WWPB_%288969543991%29.jpg/220px-F-WWPB_%288969543991%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"H175 on static display, 2009","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Salon_du_Bourget_20090619_242.jpg/220px-Salon_du_Bourget_20090619_242.jpg"},{"image_text":"H175 of Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen at Aberdeen Airport in 2017.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/OO-NSI_%2836317631912%29.jpg/220px-OO-NSI_%2836317631912%29.jpg"},{"image_text":"Rearview of a H175, 2013","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/F-WWPB_%288969525781%29.jpg/220px-F-WWPB_%288969525781%29.jpg"}]
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[{"title":"Aviation portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Aviation"},{"title":"AgustaWestland AW149","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW149"},{"title":"AgustaWestland AW189","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW189"},{"title":"Bell 525 Relentless","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_525_Relentless"},{"title":"Harbin Z-20","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbin_Z-20"},{"title":"KAI KUH-1 Surion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAI_KUH-1_Surion"},{"title":"NHIndustries NH90","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90"},{"title":"Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk"}]
|
[{"reference":"Scramble (368). Dutch Aviation Society. January 2010. ISSN 0927-3417.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0927-3417","url_text":"0927-3417"}]},{"reference":"\"Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)\". AirForceWorld.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110417042527/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/english/z-15-helicopter-china.html","url_text":"\"Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)\""},{"url":"http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/english/z-15-helicopter-china.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen\". nhv.be. Retrieved 7 September 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://nhv.be/about/fleet","url_text":"\"Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen\""}]},{"reference":"\"Helicopter Contract Award\" (PDF). Hong Kong Government.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.gld.gov.hk/egazette/pdf/20151935/egn201519356544.pdf","url_text":"\"Helicopter Contract Award\""}]},{"reference":"\"Milestone Aviation Group to Acquire 28 H175 Airbus Helicopters\" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.helicopters.airbus.com/website/en/press/Milestone-Aviation-Group-to-Acquire-28-H175-Airbus-Helicopters_1768.html","url_text":"\"Milestone Aviation Group to Acquire 28 H175 Airbus Helicopters\""}]},{"reference":"\"Airbus Helicopters delivers the first H175 to be operated in the Americas\" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. Mexico City. 17 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2016/08/airbus-helicopters-delivers-the-first-h175-to-be-operated-in-the-americas.html","url_text":"\"Airbus Helicopters delivers the first H175 to be operated in the Americas\""}]},{"reference":"\"Heli Holland expand offshore fleet with two H155s and an H175\". helihub.com. 16 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://helihub.com/2017/08/16/heli-holland-expand-offshore-fleet-with-two-h155s-and-an-h175/","url_text":"\"Heli Holland expand offshore fleet with two H155s and an H175\""}]},{"reference":"\"Royal Thai Police becomes first H175 operator in Asia Pacific\" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. London. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2017/10/royal-thai-police-becomes-first-h175-operator-in-asia-pacific.html","url_text":"\"Royal Thai Police becomes first H175 operator in Asia Pacific\""}]},{"reference":"\"CHC launches new helicopter programme\" (Press release). Shephard Media. Aberdeen, Scotland. 4 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/rotorhub/chc-launches-super-medium-aircraft-programme","url_text":"\"CHC launches new helicopter programme\""}]},{"reference":"\"НА КАКОМ ВЕРТОЛЕТЕ ЛЕТАЕТ МИРЗИЕЕВ\". 30 August 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2022.","urls":[{"url":"https://vesti.uz/na-kakom-vertolete-letaet-mirzieev/","url_text":"\"НА КАКОМ ВЕРТОЛЕТЕ ЛЕТАЕТ МИРЗИЕЕВ\""}]},{"reference":"\"The new Airbus military helicopter that could bring hundreds of jobs to Flintshire\". Deeside.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.deeside.com/the-airbus-new-military-helicopter-that-could-bring-hundreds-of-jobs-to-flintshire/","url_text":"\"The new Airbus military helicopter that could bring hundreds of jobs to Flintshire\""}]},{"reference":"\"Airbus touts H175M for possible RAF Puma replacement contest\".","urls":[{"url":"https://verticalmag.com/news/airbus-touts-h175m-nmh-raf-puma-replacement/","url_text":"\"Airbus touts H175M for possible RAF Puma replacement contest\""}]},{"reference":"\"DSEI 2021: Airbus pitches H175M UK production for RAF's New Medium Helicopter acquisition | Shephard\". www.shephardmedia.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/dsei-2021-airbus-pitches-h175m-uk-production-rafs-/","url_text":"\"DSEI 2021: Airbus pitches H175M UK production for RAF's New Medium Helicopter acquisition | Shephard\""}]},{"reference":"\"EC175 Characteristics\". airbushelicopters.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140201223413/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/site/en/ref/Characteristics_868.html","url_text":"\"EC175 Characteristics\""},{"url":"http://www.airbushelicopters.com/site/en/ref/Characteristics_868.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"300 kg increase\". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160313044853/http://events.airbushelicopters.com/en/article/ec175-payload-increases-300-kg-0","url_text":"\"300 kg increase\""},{"url":"http://events.airbushelicopters.com/en/article/ec175-payload-increases-300-kg-0","url_text":"the original"}]}]
|
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EC175 arrives on the scene\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20091209120450/http://www.eurocopter.com/w1/jrotor/76/ec175.html","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.airbushelicopters.com/publications/FO/scripts/newsFO_accueil_iframe.php?lang=EN&page=2&sel_rub=&search=#","external_links_name":"\"Major success for Eurocopter at Heli-Expo 2008: 111 signatures for its brand new EC175, 120 orders for its current range\""},{"Link":"http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/794","external_links_name":"\"First EC175 airframe delivered to Eurocopter in China\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0927-3417","external_links_name":"0927-3417"},{"Link":"https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/avicopter-ponders-alternative-engine-following-ec175-first-flight-336318/","external_links_name":"\"Avicopter ponders alternative engine following EC175 first flight.\""},{"Link":"http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2014-12-12/airbus-helicopters-delivers-first-two-ec175s-nhv","external_links_name":"\"Airbus Helicopters Delivers First Two EC175s to NHV.\""},{"Link":"http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/EASA-TCDS-R.150_EC175%20-01-05022014.pdf","external_links_name":"EASA Type-certificate data sheet No. EASA.R.150 for EC175"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150402192009/http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/EASA-TCDS-R.150_EC175%20-01-05022014.pdf","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-09-14/avicopter-unveils-ac352-prototype-china-helo-expo","external_links_name":"\"Avicopter Unveils AC352 Prototype at China Helo Expo.\""},{"Link":"http://aviationweek.com/awinbizav/airbus-testing-ardiden-engine-chinese-ac352","external_links_name":"\"Airbus Testing Ardiden Engine On Chinese AC352.\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20110604012712/http://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/06/30/afx5166030.html","external_links_name":"\"Eurocopter CEO defends buy of German company, Romania outsourcing\""},{"Link":"http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2014-04-10/avicopter-and-airbus-launch-joint-helicopter-production","external_links_name":"\"Avicopter and Airbus Launch Joint Helicopter Production.\""},{"Link":"http://corporatejetinvestor.com/articles/airbus-helicopters-avicopter-sign-20-year-joint-production-929/","external_links_name":"\"Airbus Helicopters and Avicopter sign 20 year production agreement.\""},{"Link":"http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=16742","external_links_name":"E-1g (Helicopters: take off weight 6000 to 10000 kg) – Time to climb to a height of 3 000 m"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043758/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=16742","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=16743","external_links_name":"E-1g (Helicopters: take off weight 6000 to 10000 kg) – Time to climb to a height of 6 000 m"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165637/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=16743","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://www.airtrafficmanagement.net/2015/05/airbus-launches-world-first-green-helicopterspecific-ifr-procedures/","external_links_name":"\"Airbus launches world-first green IFR procedures for helicopters.\""},{"Link":"http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-05-25/soft-launch-airbus-h175","external_links_name":"\"Soft Launch for Airbus H175 .\""},{"Link":"http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2013-12-05/chinese-civil-helos-turboshaft-engine-makes-first-run","external_links_name":"\"Chinese Civil Helo’s Turboshaft Engine Makes First Run.\""},{"Link":"http://www.airbushelicopters.com/w1/jrotor/66/ec175.html","external_links_name":"\"Immediate Results.\""},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20110617002312/http://www.ainonline.com/ain-and-ainalerts/aviation-international-news/single-publication-story/browse/0/article/new-rotorcraft/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Bstory_pointer%5D=6&tx_ttnews%5Bmode%5D=1","external_links_name":"\"New Rotorcraft\""},{"Link":"http://aviationweek.com/zhuhai-2014/safran-s-close-ties-china","external_links_name":"\"Safran’s Close Ties With China.\""},{"Link":"http://easa.europa.eu/agency-measures/certification-specifications.php#CS-29","external_links_name":"CS-29 (Large 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H175.\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110417042527/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/english/z-15-helicopter-china.html","external_links_name":"\"Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)\""},{"Link":"http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/english/z-15-helicopter-china.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/service-agreement-key-to-bristows-increased-h175-or-409815/","external_links_name":"\"Service agreement key to Bristow's increased H175 order.\""},{"Link":"http://helicopterinvestor.com/articles/milestone-signs-for-28-h175-helicopters-254/","external_links_name":"\"Milestone signs for 28 H175 helicopters.\""},{"Link":"http://www.airbushelicopters.com/mailing2/doc_wsw/oil_gaz_12/UTair_signed.pdf","external_links_name":"\"UTair signed for 15 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Pacific\""},{"Link":"https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/rotorhub/chc-launches-super-medium-aircraft-programme","external_links_name":"\"CHC launches new helicopter programme\""},{"Link":"https://vesti.uz/na-kakom-vertolete-letaet-mirzieev/","external_links_name":"\"НА КАКОМ ВЕРТОЛЕТЕ ЛЕТАЕТ МИРЗИЕЕВ\""},{"Link":"https://www.deeside.com/the-airbus-new-military-helicopter-that-could-bring-hundreds-of-jobs-to-flintshire/","external_links_name":"\"The new Airbus military helicopter that could bring hundreds of jobs to Flintshire\""},{"Link":"https://verticalmag.com/news/airbus-touts-h175m-nmh-raf-puma-replacement/","external_links_name":"\"Airbus touts H175M for possible RAF Puma replacement contest\""},{"Link":"https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/dsei-2021-airbus-pitches-h175m-uk-production-rafs-/","external_links_name":"\"DSEI 2021: Airbus pitches H175M UK production for RAF's New Medium Helicopter acquisition | Shephard\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140201223413/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/site/en/ref/Characteristics_868.html","external_links_name":"\"EC175 Characteristics\""},{"Link":"http://www.airbushelicopters.com/site/en/ref/Characteristics_868.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160313044853/http://events.airbushelicopters.com/en/article/ec175-payload-increases-300-kg-0","external_links_name":"\"300 kg increase\""},{"Link":"http://events.airbushelicopters.com/en/article/ec175-payload-increases-300-kg-0","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140201223413/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/site/en/ref/Characteristics_868.html","external_links_name":"Official page on the Airbus Helicopters website"},{"Link":"https://archive.today/20140130100343/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/publications/FO/scripts/newsFO_complet.php?lang=EN&news_id=538","external_links_name":"Eurocopter unveils its brand-new EC175 at Heli-Expo 2008"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071206174359/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/z15.asp","external_links_name":"Z-15 Medium Utility Helicopter Programme"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110417042527/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/english/z-15-helicopter-china.html","external_links_name":"Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harveys_Lake_(Pennsylvania)
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Harveys Lake (Pennsylvania)
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["1 Geography","2 Watershed","3 Hydrology","4 History and recreation","4.1 Historical gallery","5 Biology","6 See also","7 References","8 External links"]
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Coordinates: 41°21′54″N 76°02′31″W / 41.365°N 76.042°W / 41.365; -76.042Lake in Pennsylvania, United States
For the borough, see Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania.
Harveys LakeHarvey Lake, Harvey's LakeHarveys Lake from the southHarveys LakeShow map of PennsylvaniaHarveys LakeShow map of the United StatesLocationHarveys Lake, Luzerne County, PennsylvaniaCoordinates41°21′54″N 76°02′31″W / 41.365°N 76.042°W / 41.365; -76.042Typeglacial lakeEtymologyNamed after Benjamin Harvey, its discovererPrimary inflowstwo unnamed streams, several springsPrimary outflowsHarveys CreekCatchment area~3,600 acres (1,500 ha)Basin countriesLuzerne County, Pennsylvania; Wyoming County, PennsylvaniaMax. length15,640 feet (4,770 m)Max. width4,960 feet (1,510 m)Surface area621.5 acres (251.5 ha)Average depth36 feet (11 m)Max. depth102 feet (31 m)Water volume7.733 billion US gallons (6.439×10^9 imp gal; 29.27 hm3)Residence time1116 daysShore length18.3 miles (13.4 km)Surface elevation1,253 feet (382 m)1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
Harveys Lake (also known as Harvey Lake or Harvey's Lake) is a natural lake in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It has a surface area of approximately 621.5 acres, or nearly a square mile. The lake is situated entirely within the borough of Harveys Lake. By volume, it is the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania, and by surface area, is the second-largest lake. It is a glacial lake surrounded by hills and is the source of Harveys Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River. The lake has a stone masonry dam. The lake's watershed has an area of approximately 3600 acres. The majority of the watershed is forested, but there is some developed land as well. Nearly all of the developed land is close to the lake itself, and the lake is surrounded entirely by a paved road.
Harveys Lake was affected by algae blooms from the mid-20th century onward, and these algae blooms were caused by pollution of nutrients, especially phosphorus. The lake was identified as impaired in 1994, with an annual phosphorus load of 1,019 pounds (462 kg). However, the phosphorus load has been reduced somewhat since then. The lake is listed on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory. A number of rare or endangered plant species have been observed in its vicinity. Various species of fish inhabit the lake and a number of bird species have been observed in its vicinity.
Harveys Lake was accidentally discovered by Benjamin Harvey in 1781. The first settlers arrived at the lake in the 1790s and 1800s. Early industries in the area included lumbering and farming, but it became well known as a summer resort in the latter part of the 1800s and into the 1900s. It was also used as a water supply in the early 1900s. However, the lake began to develop significant environmental problems in the 1960s and a total maximum daily load was created for it in 1994. Since 1968, the lake has been located in the borough of Harveys Lake.
Geography
Harveys Lake dam
Harveys Lake is the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania by volume and the second-largest by surface area. It has a surface area of 621.5 acres and an average depth of 36 feet (11 meters), as well as a maximum depth of 102 feet (31 m). The lake's shoreline is 8.3 miles (13.4 km) long. By surface area, it was approximately twice its current size when it was first surveyed in the late 1700s.
Harveys Lake is situated in the borough of Harveys Lake, and it is 12 miles (19 km) northwest of the city of Wilkes-Barre.
Harveys Lake is of glacial origin. It is surrounded by steep hills on all sides. At their highest point, to the south of the lake, the hills reach 410 feet (120 m) above the lake's elevation. The lake has a gravel bottom.
The main outflow of Harveys Lake is Harveys Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River. The lake's major inflows include two unnamed streams with widths between 4 and 8 feet (1.2 and 2.4 m) and depths of 6 inches (15 cm). Springs also feed into it. The lake's elevation is 1,253 feet (382 m) above sea level. The lake is located in north-central Luzerne County, in the Lower North Branch Susquehanna drainage basin and the Upper Susquehanna - Lackawanna basin.
A 1921 book described the shape of Harveys Lake as "very irregular". The lake has a maximum length of 15,640 feet (4,770 m) and a maximum width of 4,960 feet (1,510 m). It has a capacity of 7.733 billion US gallons (29.27 million cubic metres). Harveys Lake is dammed by a stone masonry dam with two spillways. The dam is 120 feet (37 m) long and 4 feet (1.2 m) high.
Harveys Lake was described as "one of the most beautiful" lakes in Pennsylvania in Henry C. Bradsby's 1893 book History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
Watershed
Satellite imagery of Harveys Lake
Harveys Lake from the north
Harveys Lake is situated in the United States Geological Survey quadrangles of Harveys Lake and Noxen. The watershed of the lake has an area of 3,600 acres (1,500 ha). Most of the watershed is in Luzerne County, but its northeasternmost portion is in Wyoming County.
The vast majority (2,841 acres ) of the watershed of Harveys Lake is forested land. Developed land and farmland comprise 499 acres (202 ha) and 154.7 acres (62.6 ha), respectively. Unpaved roads make up 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) of the watershed. The majority of the developed land in the watershed is directly on the shoreline and nearly all is within 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of the lake. Most of the developed land is used for residential and commercial purposes. One developed area in the watershed is known as Hemlock Gardens, which occupies an area of 28 acres (11 ha) and has 26 homes. The development had steep slopes (8 to 18 percent grade), unpaved roads, and no infrastructure for dealing with stormwater. However, a nutrient-separating baffle box and a water polishing unit were installed in the development, reducing the phosphorus load of Harveys Lake by an estimated 36 pounds (16 kg) per year.
The shoreline of Harveys Lake is entirely surrounded by a paved road, which is atypical for a lake shoreline. Homes and cottages are situated on the road opposite the lake, and significant development has occurred in the vicinity of the lake. A ditch and outlet drainage structure made of concrete at Wardens Place drains into the lake; its purpose is to control small-scale local road flooding.
Hydrology
Although Harveys Lake's waters were described as having "great purity" in 1893, the lake has experienced nutrient pollution, especially from phosphorus since at least the mid-20th century. Algae blooms occurred on the lake and caused a reduction in water quality throughout the latter half of the 20th century. A sewage system was installed in the borough of Harveys Lake in the summer of 1976, but this did not completely stop the algae blooms. However, the phosphorus load in the lake has been reduced by 29 percent. The lake was identified as impaired in 1994, with the cause of the impairment being large algae blooms and sedimentation in some areas. It is an anoxic lake.
In the 1990s, the concentration of phosphorus in the waters of Harveys Lake was measured to be 0.031 milligrams per liter. The annual load of phosphorus was 1,019 pounds (462 kg) per year. The lake's total maximum daily load for phosphorus is 0.024 milligrams per liter and 789 pounds (358 kg) per year.
In the 1990s, 255 pounds (116 kg) of the annual phosphorus load of Harveys Lake came from internal loading, 233 pounds (106 kg) came from groundwater, 199 pounds (90 kg) came from developed land, and 150 pounds (68 kg) came from shorelines. Smaller sources of phosphorus included farmland (95 pounds (43 kg) per year), forests (51 pounds (23 kg) per year), septic systems (33 pounds (15 kg) per year), and unpaved roads (3.4 pounds (1.5 kg) per year).
The hydraulic residence time of Harveys Lake is 1116 days. The lake causes substantially reduced peak flood flows on Harveys Creek. Visibility in the lake is typically approximately 10 feet (3.0 m). However, it can be as low as 5 feet (1.5 m) or as high as 15 feet (4.6 m).
History and recreation
Boats on Harveys Lake
Harveys Lake was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1200085. Lake Township is named after the lake.
Harveys Lake is named after Benjamin Harvey, a member of the Sons of Liberty and among the first settlers of the Wyoming Valley. Harvey inadvertently discovered the lake in 1781, while returning home after being held as a prisoner of war in Fort Niagara. The first resident in the vicinity of the lake was Matthew Scouten, who arrived in the early 1790s, but the first settlers were the Worthingtons, who arrived in 1806. The lake was first surveyed by Christopher Hurlbert in 1794, and the first person of European descent to explore the lake by canoe was Andrew Bennett, in 1800.
The early settlers in the vicinity of Harveys Lake mainly engaged in lumbering and farming, which was a common occupation. At one point during the 1800s, the mills of Hollenback & Urquhart were cutting more than a million board feet of lumber annually at the lake. However, by 1853, summer resorts used by Wyoming Valley residents began appearing near the lake. Hotels such as the Lake House Hotel and later the Rhoads Hotel, the Lake Grove Hotel, and the Grand Hotel Oneonta were among the hotels on the lake in the late 1800s. Grand Hotel Oneonta was especially prominent in the early 1900s, and former United States President Theodore Roosevelt visited the hotel in August 1912. In the early 1900s, there were three hotels, two hundred cottages, and sixty boathouses on the lake, most of them at least 15 feet (4.6 m) above the water line.
The Harvey Lake and Towanda Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad was constructed in the late 1800s. It ran directly from Wilkes-Barre to Harveys Lake. In the 1890s, railroad lines were constructed from the lake to the communities of Pittston and Towanda.
Harveys Lake has been popular for recreational purposes since the late 1800s. Places such as Warden Place and Sandy Beach were popular recreational areas near the lake in the early 1900s. Around this time period, there were four steamboats on Harveys Lake. They were used for carrying passengers and freight. Recreational steamboat rides on the lake were popular between 1900 and 1920. A 60-foot (18-meter) high Shoot the Chute was built in the area by Charles Shelley in 1910. It was one of the largest attractions in the lake's vicinity. A casino near the lake was opened by Frank Devlin in May 1924, but was demolished in 1980. Devlin also opened the largest bowling alley in Northeastern Pennsylvania near the lake. Throughout the 20th century, prior to and after World War II, the lake attracted thousands of visitors yearly.
In the early 1900s, Harveys Lake was used as a water supply for Nanticoke, as a private ice supply, and as a summer resort.
Harveys Lake has been the subject of scientific studies since the late 1940s, when C. B. Reif conducted limnological studies on it. By the 1960s, Harveys Lake began to develop environmental problems. It was the subject of a number of studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These studies indicated that the lake was eutrophic. Algae blooms caused it to be closed to swimming in 1981 and 1990. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection completed a phosphorus TMDL for the lake in 2002.
In modern times, the main recreational uses of Harveys Lake include swimming, fishing, and boating. However, it lacks public access locations for SCUBA diving. According to its TMDL document, the lake is "one of the most heavily used lakes in the area". It has been situated within the borough of Harveys Lake since January 1, 1968, when the borough was incorporated. In 2004, a plan to dredge and develop a patch of wetland for 30 boat slips near the lake was opposed due to safety concerns (poor visibility) as well as environmental concerns.
Historical gallery
A view of the east side of Harveys Lake, ca 1907.
Steamboat Excursion, ca 1910.
Steamer NA-TO-MA, ca 1910.
Harveys Lake Trolley Station, ca 1912.
Hotel Oneonta, ca 1915.
Hanson's Amusement Park, ca 1930.
Our Lady of Victory Chapel, ca 1940.
Sandy Beach, ca 1940.
Biology
Harveys Lake is listed on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory.
Numerous rare or endangered plant species have been observed in the vicinity of Harveys Lake. Plants in the vicinity of the lake include Vasey's pondweed, flat-leaved pondweed, grassy pondweed, broad-leaved water-milfoil, and Beck's water-marigold. However, exotic and invasive plants such as fanwort and aquatic coontail also inhabit the area and have altered the habitat in the vicinity of the lake. Second-growth forests occur in the area surrounding the lake.
Algae blooms have occurred on Harveys Lake due to high levels of nutrients in the water.
Harveys Lake is inhabited by various species of native fish of Pennsylvania. In 1972, Field and Stream noted that the lake was inhabited by rainbow trout, sockeye salmon, and some lake trout. As the basin of Harveys Creek upstream of the tributary Pikes Creek is designated as a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery, the lake itself has the same designation. Harveys Lake has regulations permitting a creel limit of three trout per day, with only one being allowed to be more than 18 inches (46 cm) long.
Various bird species have been observed in the vicinity of Harveys Lake. These include surf scoters and black scoters, which have been observed there in the winter. Although greater scaups are rare in Pennsylvania away from Lake Erie, one was observed at the lake in July 1992. Franklin's gulls have also been observed near the lake, as have snow buntings and black-legged kittiwakes, and ruddy ducks. Nine brant geese were observed on the lake in May 1997.
See also
Lakes portal
Raystown Lake, the largest reservoir in Pennsylvania
Conneaut Lake, the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania by surface area
List of lakes in Pennsylvania
References
^ a b c d Geographic Names Information System, Feature Detail Report for: Harveys Lake, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c United States Geological Survey, The National Map Viewer, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (March 1, 2002), Harveys Lake TMDL (PDF), retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c d e United States Environmental Protection Agency, Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania – Nonpoint Source Success Story, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c d e f g h i j Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania (1921), Water Resources Inventory Report, pp. 80–81
^ a b c Bloomsburg University SCUBA Club, Harveys Lake Diving, archived from the original on March 3, 2016, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c d e f g h i Henry C. Bradsby, ed. (1893), History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, pp. 29, 262, 597–598
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Harveys Lake Borough, History of Harveys Lake, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c d e f g h Princeton Hydro, LLC. (March 2010), Prioritization of BMPs and Implementation of Watershed Projects for Harveys Lake (PDF), retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b Fred S. Lubnow, John A. Miller, The Design and Installation of an Innovativ Best Management Practice Structure to Reduce the Annual Phosphorus Load to a 633 acre Lake in Northeastern Pennsylvania (PDF), retrieved February 3, 2015
^ a b c Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (2006), A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Update – 2006 (PDF), p. 111, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Study VOLUME 1 of 6 LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (ALL JURISDICTIONS) (PDF), p. 35, archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015, retrieved February 2, 2015
^ a b c Harrison Wick (2009), Pennsylvania's Back Mountain, Arcadia Publishing, pp. 116–119, ISBN 9780738562780
^ Camille Fioti (November 23, 2004), "Dredging plan hits opposition: Dep hears public input on the proposed developing of a wetlands area in Harveys Lake", Times Leader, retrieved February 3, 2015
^ Field & Stream, February 1972, p. 117
^ Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (October 2009), Strategic Plan for Management of Trout Fisheries in Pennsylvania 2010 - 2014 (PDF), p. 50, archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016, retrieved February 3, 2015
^ Gerald M. McWilliams, Daniel W. Brauning (2000), The Birds of Pennsylvania, Cornell University Press, pp. 74, 94, 99, 101, 111, 195, 211, 422, ISBN 0801436435
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harveys Lake.
Image of Harveys Lake
Another image of the lake
http://harveyslake.org/
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[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*"},{"link_name":"Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harveys_Lake,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake"},{"link_name":"Luzerne County, Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"Harveys Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harveys_Lake,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nationalmap-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"Harveys Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harveys_Creek"},{"link_name":"algae blooms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae_bloom"},{"link_name":"fish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish"},{"link_name":"bird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird"},{"link_name":"total maximum daily load","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_maximum_daily_load"}],"text":"Lake in Pennsylvania, United StatesFor the borough, see Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania.Harveys Lake (also known as Harvey Lake or Harvey's Lake[1]) is a natural lake in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It has a surface area of approximately 621.5 acres, or nearly a square mile. The lake is situated entirely within the borough of Harveys Lake.[2][3] By volume, it is the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania, and by surface area, is the second-largest lake. It is a glacial lake surrounded by hills and is the source of Harveys Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River. The lake has a stone masonry dam. The lake's watershed has an area of approximately 3600 acres. The majority of the watershed is forested, but there is some developed land as well. Nearly all of the developed land is close to the lake itself, and the lake is surrounded entirely by a paved road.Harveys Lake was affected by algae blooms from the mid-20th century onward, and these algae blooms were caused by pollution of nutrients, especially phosphorus. The lake was identified as impaired in 1994, with an annual phosphorus load of 1,019 pounds (462 kg). However, the phosphorus load has been reduced somewhat since then. The lake is listed on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory. A number of rare or endangered plant species have been observed in its vicinity. Various species of fish inhabit the lake and a number of bird species have been observed in its vicinity.Harveys Lake was accidentally discovered by Benjamin Harvey in 1781. The first settlers arrived at the lake in the 1790s and 1800s. Early industries in the area included lumbering and farming, but it became well known as a summer resort in the latter part of the 1800s and into the 1900s. It was also used as a water supply in the early 1900s. However, the lake began to develop significant environmental problems in the 1960s and a total maximum daily load was created for it in 1994. Since 1968, the lake has been located in the borough of Harveys Lake.","title":"Harveys Lake (Pennsylvania)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harveys_Lake_Dam.JPG"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epa-4"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-scuba-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradsby-7"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nationalmap-2"},{"link_name":"Wilkes-Barre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradsby-7"},{"link_name":"glacial","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-harveyslakepa-8"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"gravel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradsby-7"},{"link_name":"Harveys Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harveys_Creek"},{"link_name":"tributary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary"},{"link_name":"Susquehanna River","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna_River"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nationalmap-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epa-4"},{"link_name":"Springs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"sea level","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"dammed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam"},{"link_name":"spillways","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillway"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradsby-7"}],"text":"Harveys Lake damHarveys Lake is the largest natural lake in Pennsylvania by volume and the second-largest by surface area.[3][4][5] It has a surface area of 621.5 acres and an average depth of 36 feet (11 meters),[3] as well as a maximum depth of 102 feet (31 m).[5] The lake's shoreline is 8.3 miles (13.4 km) long.[6] By surface area, it was approximately twice its current size when it was first surveyed in the late 1700s.[7]Harveys Lake is situated in the borough of Harveys Lake,[2] and it is 12 miles (19 km) northwest of the city of Wilkes-Barre.[7]Harveys Lake is of glacial origin.[8] It is surrounded by steep hills on all sides. At their highest point, to the south of the lake, the hills reach 410 feet (120 m) above the lake's elevation.[5] The lake has a gravel bottom.[7]The main outflow of Harveys Lake is Harveys Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River.[2][4] The lake's major inflows include two unnamed streams with widths between 4 and 8 feet (1.2 and 2.4 m) and depths of 6 inches (15 cm). Springs also feed into it.[5] The lake's elevation is 1,253 feet (382 m) above sea level.[1] The lake is located in north-central Luzerne County, in the Lower North Branch Susquehanna drainage basin and the Upper Susquehanna - Lackawanna basin.[5][9]A 1921 book described the shape of Harveys Lake as \"very irregular\". The lake has a maximum length of 15,640 feet (4,770 m) and a maximum width of 4,960 feet (1,510 m). It has a capacity of 7.733 billion US gallons (29.27 million cubic metres). Harveys Lake is dammed by a stone masonry dam with two spillways. The dam is 120 feet (37 m) long and 4 feet (1.2 m) high.[5]Harveys Lake was described as \"one of the most beautiful\" lakes in Pennsylvania in Henry C. Bradsby's 1893 book History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.[7]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harveys_Lake_Enviromapper_image.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harveys_Lake_from_the_north_1.JPG"},{"link_name":"United States Geological Survey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"watershed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epa-4"},{"link_name":"Wyoming County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"forested","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest"},{"link_name":"farmland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmland"},{"link_name":"Unpaved roads","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel_roads"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-villanova-10"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"stormwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-villanova-10"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inventory-11"},{"link_name":"concrete","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete"},{"link_name":"flooding","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-r3levees-12"}],"text":"Satellite imagery of Harveys LakeHarveys Lake from the northHarveys Lake is situated in the United States Geological Survey quadrangles of Harveys Lake and Noxen.[1] The watershed of the lake has an area of 3,600 acres (1,500 ha).[3][4] Most of the watershed is in Luzerne County, but its northeasternmost portion is in Wyoming County.[9]The vast majority (2,841 acres [1,150 ha]) of the watershed of Harveys Lake is forested land. Developed land and farmland comprise 499 acres (202 ha) and 154.7 acres (62.6 ha), respectively. Unpaved roads make up 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) of the watershed.[3] The majority of the developed land in the watershed is directly on the shoreline and nearly all is within 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of the lake.[9][10] Most of the developed land is used for residential and commercial purposes.[9] One developed area in the watershed is known as Hemlock Gardens, which occupies an area of 28 acres (11 ha) and has 26 homes. The development had steep slopes (8 to 18 percent grade), unpaved roads, and no infrastructure for dealing with stormwater. However, a nutrient-separating baffle box and a water polishing unit were installed in the development, reducing the phosphorus load of Harveys Lake by an estimated 36 pounds (16 kg) per year.[10]The shoreline of Harveys Lake is entirely surrounded by a paved road, which is atypical for a lake shoreline. Homes and cottages are situated on the road opposite the lake,[3] and significant development has occurred in the vicinity of the lake.[11] A ditch and outlet drainage structure made of concrete at Wardens Place drains into the lake; its purpose is to control small-scale local road flooding.[12]","title":"Watershed"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"nutrient pollution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient_pollution"},{"link_name":"phosphorus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradsby-7"},{"link_name":"water quality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality"},{"link_name":"sewage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epa-4"},{"link_name":"sedimentation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentation"},{"link_name":"anoxic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"phosphorus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus"},{"link_name":"total maximum daily load","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_maximum_daily_load"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"internal loading","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internal_loading&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"groundwater","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater"},{"link_name":"septic systems","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_system"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"hydraulic residence time","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_retention_time"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-r3levees-12"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-scuba-6"}],"text":"Although Harveys Lake's waters were described as having \"great purity\" in 1893, the lake has experienced nutrient pollution, especially from phosphorus since at least the mid-20th century.[3][7] Algae blooms occurred on the lake and caused a reduction in water quality throughout the latter half of the 20th century. A sewage system was installed in the borough of Harveys Lake in the summer of 1976, but this did not completely stop the algae blooms.[9] However, the phosphorus load in the lake has been reduced by 29 percent.[4] The lake was identified as impaired in 1994, with the cause of the impairment being large algae blooms and sedimentation in some areas. It is an anoxic lake.[3]In the 1990s, the concentration of phosphorus in the waters of Harveys Lake was measured to be 0.031 milligrams per liter. The annual load of phosphorus was 1,019 pounds (462 kg) per year. The lake's total maximum daily load for phosphorus is 0.024 milligrams per liter and 789 pounds (358 kg) per year.[3]In the 1990s, 255 pounds (116 kg) of the annual phosphorus load of Harveys Lake came from internal loading, 233 pounds (106 kg) came from groundwater, 199 pounds (90 kg) came from developed land, and 150 pounds (68 kg) came from shorelines. Smaller sources of phosphorus included farmland (95 pounds (43 kg) per year), forests (51 pounds (23 kg) per year), septic systems (33 pounds (15 kg) per year), and unpaved roads (3.4 pounds (1.5 kg) per year).[3]The hydraulic residence time of Harveys Lake is 1116 days.[3] The lake causes substantially reduced peak flood flows on Harveys Creek.[12] Visibility in the lake is typically approximately 10 feet (3.0 m). However, it can be as low as 5 feet (1.5 m) or as high as 15 feet (4.6 m).[6]","title":"Hydrology"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boats_on_Harveys_Lake.JPG"},{"link_name":"Geographic Names Information System","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gnis-1"},{"link_name":"Lake Township","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Township,_Luzerne_County,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-bradsby-7"},{"link_name":"Sons of Liberty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty"},{"link_name":"Wyoming Valley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming_Valley"},{"link_name":"prisoner of war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war"},{"link_name":"Fort 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Chute","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot_the_Chute"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-backmountain-13"},{"link_name":"casino","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino"},{"link_name":"bowling alley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_alley"},{"link_name":"Northeastern Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-backmountain-13"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-harveyslakepa-8"},{"link_name":"water supply","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply"},{"link_name":"Nanticoke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"ice","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice"},{"link_name":"summer resort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_resort"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"limnological","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnology"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-harveyslakepa-8"},{"link_name":"eutrophic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrophic"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Department_of_Environmental_Protection"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"SCUBA diving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCUBA_diving"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-scuba-6"},{"link_name":"TMDL","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMDL"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tmdl-3"},{"link_name":"Harveys Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harveys_Lake,_Pennsylvania"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-harveyslakepa-8"},{"link_name":"wetland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland"},{"link_name":"boat slips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boat_slip&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"}],"text":"Boats on Harveys LakeHarveys Lake was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1200085.[1] Lake Township is named after the lake.[7]Harveys Lake is named after Benjamin Harvey, a member of the Sons of Liberty and among the first settlers of the Wyoming Valley. Harvey inadvertently discovered the lake in 1781, while returning home after being held as a prisoner of war in Fort Niagara.[8] The first resident in the vicinity of the lake was Matthew Scouten, who arrived in the early 1790s, but the first settlers were the Worthingtons, who arrived in 1806.[8] The lake was first surveyed by Christopher Hurlbert in 1794, and the first person of European descent to explore the lake by canoe was Andrew Bennett, in 1800.[7]The early settlers in the vicinity of Harveys Lake mainly engaged in lumbering and farming, which was a common occupation.[8] At one point during the 1800s, the mills of Hollenback & Urquhart were cutting more than a million board feet of lumber annually at the lake.[7] However, by 1853, summer resorts used by Wyoming Valley residents began appearing near the lake. Hotels such as the Lake House Hotel and later the Rhoads Hotel, the Lake Grove Hotel, and the Grand Hotel Oneonta were among the hotels on the lake in the late 1800s.[8] Grand Hotel Oneonta was especially prominent in the early 1900s, and former United States President Theodore Roosevelt visited the hotel in August 1912.[8][13] In the early 1900s, there were three hotels, two hundred cottages, and sixty boathouses on the lake, most of them at least 15 feet (4.6 m) above the water line.[5]The Harvey Lake and Towanda Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad was constructed in the late 1800s. It ran directly from Wilkes-Barre to Harveys Lake. In the 1890s, railroad lines were constructed from the lake to the communities of Pittston and Towanda.[7]Harveys Lake has been popular for recreational purposes since the late 1800s.[3] Places such as Warden Place and Sandy Beach were popular recreational areas near the lake in the early 1900s.[8] Around this time period, there were four steamboats on Harveys Lake. They were used for carrying passengers and freight.[5] Recreational steamboat rides on the lake were popular between 1900 and 1920.[8] A 60-foot (18-meter) high Shoot the Chute was built in the area by Charles Shelley in 1910. It was one of the largest attractions in the lake's vicinity.[13] A casino near the lake was opened by Frank Devlin in May 1924, but was demolished in 1980. Devlin also opened the largest bowling alley in Northeastern Pennsylvania near the lake.[13] Throughout the 20th century, prior to and after World War II, the lake attracted thousands of visitors yearly.[8]In the early 1900s, Harveys Lake was used as a water supply for Nanticoke, as a private ice supply, and as a summer resort.[5]Harveys Lake has been the subject of scientific studies since the late 1940s, when C. B. Reif conducted limnological studies on it.[9] By the 1960s, Harveys Lake began to develop environmental problems.[8] It was the subject of a number of studies in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These studies indicated that the lake was eutrophic. Algae blooms caused it to be closed to swimming in 1981 and 1990.[3] The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection completed a phosphorus TMDL for the lake in 2002.[9]In modern times, the main recreational uses of Harveys Lake include swimming, fishing, and boating.[3] However, it lacks public access locations for SCUBA diving.[6] According to its TMDL document, the lake is \"one of the most heavily used lakes in the area\".[3] It has been situated within the borough of Harveys Lake since January 1, 1968, when the borough was incorporated.[8] In 2004, a plan to dredge and develop a patch of wetland for 30 boat slips near the lake was opposed due to safety concerns (poor visibility) as well as environmental concerns.[14]","title":"History and recreation"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:East_Side_Harveys_Lake,_PA.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steamboat_Excursion,_Harveys_Lake,_PA.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steamer_NA-TO-MA,_Harveys_Lake,_PA.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trolley_at_Harvey%27s_Lake_PA_1912.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hotel_Oneonta_Harveys_Lake_PA_v2.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amusement_Park_at_Harvey%27s_Lake,_Pennsylvania_(65412).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_Victory_Chapel,_Harvey%27s_Lake,_Pa_(73916).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sandy_Beach_at_Harvey%27s_Lake,_Pennsylvania_(81290).jpg"}],"sub_title":"Historical gallery","text":"A view of the east side of Harveys Lake, ca 1907.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSteamboat Excursion, ca 1910.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSteamer NA-TO-MA, ca 1910.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHarveys Lake Trolley Station, ca 1912.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHotel Oneonta, ca 1915.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tHanson's Amusement Park, ca 1930.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tOur Lady of Victory Chapel, ca 1940.\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSandy Beach, ca 1940.","title":"History and recreation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inventory-11"},{"link_name":"Vasey's pondweed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasey%27s_pondweed"},{"link_name":"flat-leaved pondweed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flat-leaved_pondweed&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"grassy pondweed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grassy_pondweed&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"broad-leaved water-milfoil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broad-leaved_water-milfoil&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Beck's water-marigold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beck%27s_water-marigold"},{"link_name":"invasive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_plant"},{"link_name":"fanwort","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanwort"},{"link_name":"aquatic coontail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aquatic_coontail&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-inventory-11"},{"link_name":"Second-growth forests","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-growth_forest"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-waterresources-5"},{"link_name":"Algae blooms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae_bloom"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-epa-4"},{"link_name":"fish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-harveyslakepa-8"},{"link_name":"Field and Stream","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_and_Stream"},{"link_name":"rainbow trout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_trout"},{"link_name":"sockeye salmon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sockeye_salmon"},{"link_name":"lake trout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_trout"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Pikes Creek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikes_Creek"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-princetonhydro-9"},{"link_name":"creel limit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creel_limit"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"bird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird"},{"link_name":"surf scoters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf_scoter"},{"link_name":"black scoters","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_scoter"},{"link_name":"greater scaups","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_scaup"},{"link_name":"Lake Erie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Erie"},{"link_name":"Franklin's gulls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%27s_gull"},{"link_name":"snow buntings","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_bunting"},{"link_name":"black-legged kittiwakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-legged_kittiwake"},{"link_name":"ruddy ducks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruddy_duck"},{"link_name":"brant geese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brant_goose"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"}],"text":"Harveys Lake is listed on the Luzerne County Natural Areas Inventory.[11]Numerous rare or endangered plant species have been observed in the vicinity of Harveys Lake. Plants in the vicinity of the lake include Vasey's pondweed, flat-leaved pondweed, grassy pondweed, broad-leaved water-milfoil, and Beck's water-marigold. However, exotic and invasive plants such as fanwort and aquatic coontail also inhabit the area and have altered the habitat in the vicinity of the lake.[11] Second-growth forests occur in the area surrounding the lake.[5]Algae blooms have occurred on Harveys Lake due to high levels of nutrients in the water.[4]Harveys Lake is inhabited by various species of native fish of Pennsylvania.[8] In 1972, Field and Stream noted that the lake was inhabited by rainbow trout, sockeye salmon, and some lake trout.[15] As the basin of Harveys Creek upstream of the tributary Pikes Creek is designated as a High-Quality Coldwater Fishery, the lake itself has the same designation.[9] Harveys Lake has regulations permitting a creel limit of three trout per day, with only one being allowed to be more than 18 inches (46 cm) long.[16]Various bird species have been observed in the vicinity of Harveys Lake. These include surf scoters and black scoters, which have been observed there in the winter. Although greater scaups are rare in Pennsylvania away from Lake Erie, one was observed at the lake in July 1992. Franklin's gulls have also been observed near the lake, as have snow buntings and black-legged kittiwakes, and ruddy ducks. Nine brant geese were observed on the lake in May 1997.[17]","title":"Biology"}]
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[{"image_text":"Harveys Lake dam","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Harveys_Lake_Dam.JPG/220px-Harveys_Lake_Dam.JPG"},{"image_text":"Satellite imagery of Harveys Lake","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Harveys_Lake_Enviromapper_image.png/220px-Harveys_Lake_Enviromapper_image.png"},{"image_text":"Harveys Lake from the north","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Harveys_Lake_from_the_north_1.JPG/220px-Harveys_Lake_from_the_north_1.JPG"},{"image_text":"Boats on Harveys Lake","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Boats_on_Harveys_Lake.JPG/220px-Boats_on_Harveys_Lake.JPG"}]
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[{"title":"Lakes portal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Lakes"},{"title":"Raystown Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raystown_Lake"},{"title":"Conneaut Lake","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conneaut_Lake"},{"title":"List of lakes in Pennsylvania","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Pennsylvania"}]
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[{"reference":"Geographic Names Information System, Feature Detail Report for: Harveys Lake, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System","url_text":"Geographic Names Information System"},{"url":"https://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1200085,Harveys%20Lake","url_text":"Feature Detail Report for: Harveys Lake"}]},{"reference":"United States Geological Survey, The National Map Viewer, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey","url_text":"United States Geological Survey"},{"url":"https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/","url_text":"The National Map Viewer"}]},{"reference":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (March 1, 2002), Harveys Lake TMDL (PDF), retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Department_of_Environmental_Protection","url_text":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection"},{"url":"http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wqp/wqstandards/TMDL/HarveysLake_TMDL.pdf","url_text":"Harveys Lake TMDL"}]},{"reference":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania – Nonpoint Source Success Story, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency","url_text":"United States Environmental Protection Agency"},{"url":"http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/nps/success/pa_harveys_lake.htm","url_text":"Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania – Nonpoint Source Success Story"}]},{"reference":"Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania (1921), Water Resources Inventory Report, pp. 80–81","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-mM_AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Pine+Creek%22+huntington+creek&pg=PA177","url_text":"Water Resources Inventory Report"}]},{"reference":"Bloomsburg University SCUBA Club, Harveys Lake Diving, archived from the original on March 3, 2016, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215413/http://orgs.bloomu.edu/scuba/harveys_lake_diving.html","url_text":"Harveys Lake Diving"},{"url":"http://orgs.bloomu.edu/scuba/harveys_lake_diving.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Henry C. Bradsby, ed. (1893), History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, pp. 29, 262, 597–598","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=4BkVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29","url_text":"History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania"}]},{"reference":"Harveys Lake Borough, History of Harveys Lake, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"http://harveyslakepa.us/history.htm","url_text":"History of Harveys Lake"}]},{"reference":"Princeton Hydro, LLC. (March 2010), Prioritization of BMPs and Implementation of Watershed Projects for Harveys Lake (PDF), retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"http://www.harveyslakepa.us/docs/eac/harveys319reportmarch10.pdf","url_text":"Prioritization of BMPs and Implementation of Watershed Projects for Harveys Lake"}]},{"reference":"Fred S. Lubnow, John A. Miller, The Design and Installation of an Innovativ Best Management Practice Structure to Reduce the Annual Phosphorus Load to a 633 acre Lake in Northeastern Pennsylvania (PDF), retrieved February 3, 2015","urls":[{"url":"http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/2005/4V3.pdf","url_text":"The Design and Installation of an Innovativ Best Management Practice Structure to Reduce the Annual Phosphorus Load to a 633 acre Lake in Northeastern Pennsylvania"}]},{"reference":"Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (2006), A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Update – 2006 (PDF), p. 111, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/CNAI_PDFs/Luzerne%20County%20NAI%202006%20WEB.pdf","url_text":"A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Update – 2006"}]},{"reference":"Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Study VOLUME 1 of 6 LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (ALL JURISDICTIONS) (PDF), p. 35, archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015, retrieved February 2, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency","url_text":"Federal Emergency Management Agency"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160134/http://r3levees.org/wiki/images/2/23/42079CV001A.pdf","url_text":"Flood Insurance Study VOLUME 1 of 6 LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (ALL JURISDICTIONS)"},{"url":"http://www.r3levees.org/wiki/images/2/23/42079CV001A.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Harrison Wick (2009), Pennsylvania's Back Mountain, Arcadia Publishing, pp. 116–119, ISBN 9780738562780","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=lQy3U1_PissC&pg=PA118","url_text":"Pennsylvania's Back Mountain"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780738562780","url_text":"9780738562780"}]},{"reference":"Camille Fioti (November 23, 2004), \"Dredging plan hits opposition: Dep hears public input on the proposed developing of a wetlands area in Harveys Lake\", Times Leader, retrieved February 3, 2015","urls":[{"url":"http://archives.timesleader.com/2004/2004_18/2004_11_23_DREDGING_PLAN_HITS_OPPOSITION_DEP_HEARS_PUBLIC_INPUT_ON_THE_PROP.html","url_text":"\"Dredging plan hits opposition: Dep hears public input on the proposed developing of a wetlands area in Harveys Lake\""}]},{"reference":"Field & Stream, February 1972, p. 117","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=An3yh2NrzhAC&pg=PA117","url_text":"Field & Stream"}]},{"reference":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (October 2009), Strategic Plan for Management of Trout Fisheries in Pennsylvania 2010 - 2014 (PDF), p. 50, archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016, retrieved February 3, 2015","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Fish_and_Boat_Commission","url_text":"Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040226/http://fishandboat.com/pafish/trout/trout_plan/troutplan2010.pdf","url_text":"Strategic Plan for Management of Trout Fisheries in Pennsylvania 2010 - 2014"},{"url":"http://fishandboat.com/pafish/trout/trout_plan/troutplan2010.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Gerald M. McWilliams, Daniel W. Brauning (2000), The Birds of Pennsylvania, Cornell University Press, pp. 74, 94, 99, 101, 111, 195, 211, 422, ISBN 0801436435","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=RvkDk2kZe28C&dq=%22Harveys+Lake%22+%22luzerne+county%22+pa&pg=PA17","url_text":"The Birds of Pennsylvania"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801436435","url_text":"0801436435"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harveys_Lake_(Pennsylvania)¶ms=41.365_N_76.042_W_type:waterbody_region:US-PA","external_links_name":"41°21′54″N 76°02′31″W / 41.365°N 76.042°W / 41.365; -76.042"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harveys_Lake_(Pennsylvania)¶ms=41.365_N_76.042_W_type:waterbody_region:US-PA","external_links_name":"41°21′54″N 76°02′31″W / 41.365°N 76.042°W / 41.365; -76.042"},{"Link":"https://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1200085,Harveys%20Lake","external_links_name":"Feature Detail Report for: Harveys Lake"},{"Link":"https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/","external_links_name":"The National Map Viewer"},{"Link":"http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wqp/wqstandards/TMDL/HarveysLake_TMDL.pdf","external_links_name":"Harveys Lake TMDL"},{"Link":"http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/nps/success/pa_harveys_lake.htm","external_links_name":"Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania – Nonpoint Source Success Story"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=-mM_AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Pine+Creek%22+huntington+creek&pg=PA177","external_links_name":"Water Resources Inventory Report"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215413/http://orgs.bloomu.edu/scuba/harveys_lake_diving.html","external_links_name":"Harveys Lake Diving"},{"Link":"http://orgs.bloomu.edu/scuba/harveys_lake_diving.html","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=4BkVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29","external_links_name":"History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania"},{"Link":"http://harveyslakepa.us/history.htm","external_links_name":"History of Harveys Lake"},{"Link":"http://www.harveyslakepa.us/docs/eac/harveys319reportmarch10.pdf","external_links_name":"Prioritization of BMPs and Implementation of Watershed Projects for Harveys Lake"},{"Link":"http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/2005/4V3.pdf","external_links_name":"The Design and Installation of an Innovativ Best Management Practice Structure to Reduce the Annual Phosphorus Load to a 633 acre Lake in Northeastern Pennsylvania"},{"Link":"http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/CNAI_PDFs/Luzerne%20County%20NAI%202006%20WEB.pdf","external_links_name":"A NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA Update – 2006"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160134/http://r3levees.org/wiki/images/2/23/42079CV001A.pdf","external_links_name":"Flood Insurance Study VOLUME 1 of 6 LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (ALL JURISDICTIONS)"},{"Link":"http://www.r3levees.org/wiki/images/2/23/42079CV001A.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=lQy3U1_PissC&pg=PA118","external_links_name":"Pennsylvania's Back Mountain"},{"Link":"http://archives.timesleader.com/2004/2004_18/2004_11_23_DREDGING_PLAN_HITS_OPPOSITION_DEP_HEARS_PUBLIC_INPUT_ON_THE_PROP.html","external_links_name":"\"Dredging plan hits opposition: Dep hears public input on the proposed developing of a wetlands area in Harveys Lake\""},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=An3yh2NrzhAC&pg=PA117","external_links_name":"Field & Stream"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040226/http://fishandboat.com/pafish/trout/trout_plan/troutplan2010.pdf","external_links_name":"Strategic Plan for Management of Trout Fisheries in Pennsylvania 2010 - 2014"},{"Link":"http://fishandboat.com/pafish/trout/trout_plan/troutplan2010.pdf","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=RvkDk2kZe28C&dq=%22Harveys+Lake%22+%22luzerne+county%22+pa&pg=PA17","external_links_name":"The Birds of Pennsylvania"},{"Link":"http://home.ptd.net/~n3cvj/harveyslake.jpg","external_links_name":"Image of Harveys Lake"},{"Link":"http://harveyslake.org/images/graphics/frontpage/harveys_aerial_615.jpg","external_links_name":"Another image of the lake"},{"Link":"http://harveyslake.org/","external_links_name":"http://harveyslake.org/"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_Crime_Act_2015
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Serious Crime Act 2015
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["1 Part 1: Proceeds of Crime","2 Part 2: Computer Misuse","3 Part 3: Organised, Serious and Gang-related Crime","4 Part 4: Seizure and Forfeiture of Drug-cutting Agents","5 Part 5: Protection of Children, etc.","6 Part 6: Miscellaneous and General","7 References","8 External links"]
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This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2018)
United Kingdom legislationSerious Crime Act 2015United KingdomLong titleAn Act to amend the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, the Computer Misuse Act 1990, Part 4 of the Policing and Crime Act 2009, section 1 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933, the Sexual Offences Act 2003, the Street Offences Act 1959, the Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, the Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005, the Prison Act 1952 and the Terrorism Act 2006; to make provision about involvement in organised crime groups and about serious crime prevention orders; to make provision for the seizure and forfeiture of drug-cutting agents; to make it an offence to possess an item that contains advice or guidance about committing sexual offences against children; to create an offence in relation to controlling or coercive behaviour in intimate or family relationships; to make provision for the prevention or restriction of the use of communication devices by persons detained in custodial institutions; to make provision approving for the purposes of section 8 of the European Union Act 2011 certain draft decisions under Article 352 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union relating to serious crime; to make provision about codes of practice that relate to the exercise and performance, in connection with the prevention or detection of serious crime, of powers and duties in relation to communications; and for connected purposes.Citation2015 c.9Introduced byLord Taylor of HolbeachTerritorial extent United KingdomDatesRoyal assent3 March 2015Other legislationAmendsProceeds of Crime Act 2002, Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, Computer Misuse Act 1990, Serious Crime Act 2007, Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005, Policing and Crime Act 2009, Children and Young Persons Act 1933, Sexual Offences Act 2003, Street Offences Act 1959, Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003, Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005, Prison Act 1952, Terrorism Act 2006Amended byInvestigatory Powers Act 2016, Digital Economy Act 2017, Criminal Finances Act 2017, European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018Status: AmendedHistory of passage through ParliamentText of statute as originally enactedRevised text of statute as amended
The Serious Crime Act 2015 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Introduced in June 2014 as part of the Queen's Speech opening the 2014-15 session of Parliament, the Bill was sponsored by the Home Office. It was passed by Parliament on 2 March 2015, and received royal assent on 3 March 2015.
The Bill proceeding the Act proposed a 'Cinderella Law' to outlaw causing emotional distress of children, regulate corrupt accountants and other businesses who assist criminal gangs, regulate 'drug cutting agents', and deal with offences related to female genital mutilation, paedophilia, and amend the Terrorism Act 2006.
Part 1: Proceeds of Crime
This part amends the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 in determining the extent of a defendant's interest in confiscated property, and amends the procedures surrounding costs and court sentencing. This includes amending, defining, or creating regulations on the extent of a defendant's interest in proceeds of crime, the provision of information by third parties, the time-frame and manner of payment, absconding defendants, and connected purposes.
Part 2: Computer Misuse
This part amends the Computer Misuse Act 1990 in relation to hacking, creating viruses or Trojan Horses, the deliberate act of creating serious risk to computers or computer systems and amends the territorial extent of computer crimes. This includes a new offence of impairing a computer to cause damage, with a 14 years' prison sentence for damage to the economy or environment, in addition to ensuring the United Kingdom adopts the EU Directive 2013/40/EU on attacks against information systems.
Part 3: Organised, Serious and Gang-related Crime
This part adopts the ratified UN Convention against Transnational Organised Crime. The new 'participation offence' would encompass not just those who carry out an act of serious crime, but those who provide materials, services or related infrastructure. The Bill would extend elements of the Serious Crime Act 2007 to Scotland, and extends the making of a Serious Crime Prevention Order to include firearms offences and the cultivation of cannabis plants.
Part 4: Seizure and Forfeiture of Drug-cutting Agents
This part creates and extends the power of search and seizure warrants related to the investigation into the creation or ownership of substances used when 'cutting' drugs.
Part 5: Protection of Children, etc.
This part extends the definition of child cruelty to incorporate abuse, neglect or psychological damage, and amends existing legislation relating to paedophile material to include publications that advise on how to commit or facilitate sexual offences against children. It also prohibits intentional communication of a sexual nature with a minor (including encouraging the minor to communicate anything of a sexual nature) for the purpose of obtaining sexual gratification. Existing legislation on female genital mutilation is also amended by this part. This Part amends the Children and Young Persons Act 1933, making it explicit that suffering of a child can be physical or psychological, and amends the offence of suffocating a child under three. Finally, this part creates the offence of "controlling or coercive behaviour in an intimate or family relationship".
Part 6: Miscellaneous and General
This part deals with the preparation or training abroad for terrorist related activities, amendments related to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union in relation to serious crime, and consequential amendments. The unauthorised possession of a bladed instrument within a prison is made an explicit offence by this Part, amending the Prison Act 1952 to include prisons, secure training centres and young offender institutions.
References
^ Serious Crime Bill Gov.uk Home Office
^ "Bill stages — Serious Crime Act 2015". parliament.uk. Parliament of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
^ Serious crime bill, if enacted, will help to stop emotional abuse of children The Guardian
^ Corrupt accountants targeted by new serious crime bill AccountancyAge
^ Impact Assessment - Serious Crime Bill Home Office
^ a b c d e f g "Serious Crime Bill" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
External links
Serious Crime Act 2015
Explanatory notes on the Serious Crime Act 2015
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It was passed by Parliament on 2 March 2015, and received royal assent on 3 March 2015.[2]The Bill proceeding the Act proposed a 'Cinderella Law' to outlaw causing emotional distress of children,[3] regulate corrupt accountants and other businesses who assist criminal gangs,[4] regulate 'drug cutting agents',[5] and deal with offences related to female genital mutilation, paedophilia, and amend the Terrorism Act 2006.","title":"Serious Crime Act 2015"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Proceeds of Crime Act 2002","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceeds_of_Crime_Act_2002"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SCB-Explanatory-6"}],"text":"This part amends the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 in determining the extent of a defendant's interest in confiscated property, and amends the procedures surrounding costs and court sentencing. 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The Bill would extend elements of the Serious Crime Act 2007 to Scotland, and extends the making of a Serious Crime Prevention Order to include firearms offences and the cultivation of cannabis plants.[6]","title":"Part 3: Organised, Serious and Gang-related Crime"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SCB-Explanatory-6"}],"text":"This part creates and extends the power of search and seizure warrants related to the investigation into the creation or ownership of substances used when 'cutting' drugs.[6]","title":"Part 4: Seizure and Forfeiture of Drug-cutting Agents"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Existing legislation on female genital mutilation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_Genital_Mutilation_Act_2003"},{"link_name":"Children and Young Persons Act 1933","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_and_Young_Persons_Act_1933"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SCB-Explanatory-6"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SCB-Explanatory-6"}],"text":"This part extends the definition of child cruelty to incorporate abuse, neglect or psychological damage, and amends existing legislation relating to paedophile material to include publications that advise on how to commit or facilitate sexual offences against children. 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This Part amends the Children and Young Persons Act 1933, making it explicit that suffering of a child can be physical or psychological, and amends the offence of suffocating a child under three.[6] Finally, this part creates the offence of \"controlling or coercive behaviour in an intimate or family relationship\".[6]","title":"Part 5: Protection of Children, etc."},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union"},{"link_name":"Prison Act 1952","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_Act_1952"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-SCB-Explanatory-6"}],"text":"This part deals with the preparation or training abroad for terrorist related activities, amendments related to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union in relation to serious crime, and consequential amendments. The unauthorised possession of a bladed instrument within a prison is made an explicit offence by this Part, amending the Prison Act 1952 to include prisons, secure training centres and young offender institutions.[6]","title":"Part 6: Miscellaneous and General"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Daniel_(disambiguation)
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Book of Daniel (disambiguation)
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[]
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The Book of Daniel is a book of the Hebrew Bible.
Book of Daniel can also refer to:
The Book of Daniel (album), a 2018 album by American recording artist Danny!
The Book of Daniel (film), a 2013 straight-to-DVD production
The Book of Daniel (novel), a 1971 novel by E. L. Doctorow, loosely based on the case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
The Book of Daniel (TV series), a 2006 series on NBC
Topics referred to by the same term
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Book of Daniel.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Book_of_Daniel_(disambiguation)&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Affairs_Commission_of_North_Korea
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State Affairs Commission of North Korea
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["1 History","2 Powers and responsibilities","3 Members","4 References","4.1 Works cited"]
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State Affairs Commission of theDemocratic People's Republic of Korea조선민주주의인민공화국 국무위원회Emblem of the president of the State Affairs CommissionAgency overviewFormed29 June 2016Preceding agencyNational Defence CommissionTypeSupreme policy-oriented leadership bodyJurisdictionGovernment of the Democratic People's Republic of KoreaHeadquartersGovernment Complex No. 1, PyongyangAgency executivesKim Jong Un, PresidentChoe Ryong-hae, Kim Tok-hun, Vice Presidents
Politics of North Korea
Constitution
Juche (state ideology)
Songun ("military-first" policy)
Eternal leaders
Kim Il Sung
Kim Jong Il
Workers' Party of Korea Congress (8th)
General Secretary and Supreme Leader
Kim Jong Un
Rules
Central Committee (8th)
Politburo (8th)
Presidium (8th)
Kim Jong Un
Choe Ryong-hae
Jo Yong-won
Kim Tok-hun
Ri Pyong-chol
Secretariat (8th)
Central Military Commission (8th)
Chairman
Kim Jong Un
Vice Chairman
Ri Yong-gil
Ri Pyong-chol
Central Auditing Commission (8th)
Chairman
Kim Jae-ryong
Organization and Guidance Department
Propaganda and Agitation Department
United Front Department
Supreme People's Assembly 14th term
Chairman
Pak In-chol
Standing Committee (14th)
Chairman
Choe Ryong-hae
Judiciary
Central Court (14th)
President
Kang Yun-sok
Central Public Prosecutors (14th)
Director
Kim Myong-gil
State Affairs Commission 14th term
President
Kim Jong Un
First Vice President
Choe Ryong-hae
Vice President
Kim Tok-hun
Cabinet 14th term
Premier
Kim Tok-hun
Vice Premier
Pak Jong-gun
Jon Hyon-chol
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Ri Song-hak
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Ju Chol-gyu
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Recent elections
Parliamentary: 200920142019
Local: 201520192023
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Minister: Choe Son-hui
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Related topics
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North Korea portal
Other countries
vte
DPRK State Affairs CommissionChosŏn'gŭl조선민주주의인민공화국 국무위원회Hancha朝鮮民主主義人民共和國國務委員會Revised RomanizationJoseon minjujuui inmin gonghwaguk gungmu wiwonhoeMcCune–ReischauerChosŏn minjujuŭi inmin konghwaguk kungmu wiwŏnhoe
The State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (SAC) is constitutionally the supreme political authority of North Korea. The State Affairs Commission was created by 2016 amendments to the North Korean Constitution to replace the previously military-dominated National Defence Commission.
The body is headed by the President of the State Affairs Commission, commonly styled in official North Korean released as "President of State Affairs", who is defined as the head of state of the nation and the supreme leader.
The current President is Kim Jong Un. The first vice-president is Choe Ryong-hae, who is also the Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly Standing Committee.
History
The predecessor body, National Defence Commission, was created in 1972 as sub-committee for defence and security affairs of the Supreme People's Committee, the later was headed by the President of the DPRK Kim Il Sung and exercised similar powers within the constitutional framework of the 1972 Constitution of North Korea.
The National Defence Commission was separated from the Supreme People's Committee in 1992 and Kim Jong Il was officially designated as chair of the body. In 1998, two years after the death of Kim Il Sung, the National Defence Commission was empowered as the supreme defence body, and in line with the Songun ideology, the supreme political authority of state and legal framework for Kim Jong Il's personal dictatorship.
After the 7th Congress of the Workers Party of Korea, the constitution was amended in June 2016 that reformed the National Defence Commission into the contemporary State Affairs Commission, with the amended text stipulating the body's control over national policy.
Powers and responsibilities
Article 106 of the Constitution of North Korea defines the State Affairs Commission as the supreme state organ of policy direction of state sovereignty. Article 109 of the Constitution states that the SAC's powers are to:
deliberate and decide on major policies of the State including defence and security policies;
exercise supervision over the fulfillment of the orders of the President of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the decisions and directives of the Commission, and take measures for their fulfillment;
abrogate decisions and directives of State organs which run counter to the orders of the President of the SAC-DPRK and the decisions and directives of the Commission in its meetings.
In practice, SAC supervises the Cabinet of North Korea. It also directly supervises the three ministries that are not under the Cabinet, namely the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Social Security as well as the Korean People's Army, mainly the General Staff Department of the Korean People's Army and General Political Bureau of the Korean People's Army. The Supreme Guard Command which is responsible for the top leadership and government protection is also under its command. One additional entity, the State Physical Culture and Sports Guidance Commission(국가체육지도위원회), is also under the SAC as its Chairman is appointed by the Commission.
Members
Main article: 14th State Affairs Commission
The following are the current members of the State Affairs Commission as of 29 September 2021:
President of the State Affairs Commission
President
Political party
Member since
Other positions
Kim Jong Un김정은(born 1984)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 June 2016
General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
Member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of North Korea
First Vice President of the State Affairs Commission
First Vice President
Political party
Member since
Other positions
Choe Ryong-hae최룡해(born 1950)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 June 2016
Member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly
Vice President of the State Affairs Commission
Vice President
Political party
Member since
Other positions
Kim Tok-hun김덕훈(born 1961)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Premier of the Cabinet
Members of the State Affairs Commission
Member
Political party
Member since
Other positions
Kim Yong-chol김영철(born 1945)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 June 2016
Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Director of the Unified Front Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Ri Chang-dae리창대
Workers' Party of Korea
11 April 2018
Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Member of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
Minister of State Security
Colonel General of the Korean People's Army
Choe Son-hui
최선희
Workers' Party of Korea
12 April 2020
Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Jo Yong-won조용원(born 1957)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Member of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
Colonel General of the Korean People's Army
Pak Jong-chon박정천
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
O Su-yong오수용(born 1944)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Director of the Economic Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Ri Yong-gil리영길(born 1955)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea
Minister of National Defence
General of the Korean People's Army
Jang Jong-nam장정남
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Alternate Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Minister of Public Security
Lieutenant General
Kim Song-nam김성남(born 1953)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Alternate Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Director of the International Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Kim Yo Jong김여정(born 1987)
Workers' Party of Korea
29 September 2021
Deputy Department Director of the Publicity and Information Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
References
North Korea portalPolitics portal
^ a b "Naenara Democratic People's Republic of Korea". www.naenara.com.kp. Retrieved 2024-01-01.
^ Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 2016, Article 106.
^ Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 2016, Article 109.
^ Overview of North Korea’s NBC Infrastructure
^ "Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership" (PDF). Seoul: Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification. January 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
^ Coduti, Maria Rosaria. The State Affairs Commission and the consolidation of Kim Jong-un's power
^ "In full: promotions and demotions at North Korea's 14th SPA". NK PRO. Korea Risk Group. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
^ "Second-day Sitting of 5th Session of 14th SPA of DPRK Held". KCNA Watch. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
^ "At 5th Session of 14th Supreme People's Assembly of DPRK". KCNA Watch. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
Works cited
Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Amended and supplemented on June 29, Juche 105 (2016), at the Fourth Session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly (PDF). 2016 .
vte Korean People's ArmyActive forces
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|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"North Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"North Korean Constitution","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Constitution_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea"},{"link_name":"National Defence Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defence_Commission"},{"link_name":"President of the State Affairs Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_of_North_Korea"},{"link_name":"head of state","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state"},{"link_name":"the nation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea"},{"link_name":"supreme leader","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-1"},{"link_name":"Kim Jong Un","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un"},{"link_name":"Choe Ryong-hae","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choe_Ryong-hae"},{"link_name":"Supreme People's Assembly Standing Committee","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly"}],"text":"The State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (SAC) is constitutionally the supreme political authority of North Korea.[1] The State Affairs Commission was created by 2016 amendments to the North Korean Constitution to replace the previously military-dominated National Defence Commission.The body is headed by the President of the State Affairs Commission, commonly styled in official North Korean released as \"President of State Affairs\", who is defined as the head of state of the nation and the supreme leader.[1]The current President is Kim Jong Un. The first vice-president is Choe Ryong-hae, who is also the Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly Standing Committee.","title":"State Affairs Commission of North Korea"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"President of the DPRK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_North_Korea"},{"link_name":"Kim Il Sung","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung"},{"link_name":"1972 Constitution of North Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea"},{"link_name":"Kim Jong Il","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il"},{"link_name":"Songun ideology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songun"},{"link_name":"personal dictatorship","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocracy"},{"link_name":"7th Congress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Congress_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea"},{"link_name":"Workers Party of Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea"}],"text":"The predecessor body, National Defence Commission, was created in 1972 as sub-committee for defence and security affairs of the Supreme People's Committee, the later was headed by the President of the DPRK Kim Il Sung and exercised similar powers within the constitutional framework of the 1972 Constitution of North Korea.The National Defence Commission was separated from the Supreme People's Committee in 1992 and Kim Jong Il was officially designated as chair of the body. In 1998, two years after the death of Kim Il Sung, the National Defence Commission was empowered as the supreme defence body, and in line with the Songun ideology, the supreme political authority of state and legal framework for Kim Jong Il's personal dictatorship.After the 7th Congress of the Workers Party of Korea, the constitution was amended in June 2016 that reformed the National Defence Commission into the contemporary State Affairs Commission, with the amended text stipulating the body's control over national policy.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Constitution of North Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Constitution_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea2016Article_106-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Constitution_of_the_Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea2016Article_109-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"President of the State Affairs Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_Commission"},{"link_name":"Cabinet of North Korea","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_North_Korea"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Defence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(North_Korea)"},{"link_name":"Ministry of State Security","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(North_Korea)"},{"link_name":"Ministry of Social Security","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Security_(North_Korea)"},{"link_name":"Korean People's Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army"},{"link_name":"General Staff Department of the Korean People's Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Staff_Department_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army"},{"link_name":"General Political Bureau of the Korean People's Army","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Political_Bureau_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army"},{"link_name":"Supreme Guard Command","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Guard_Command"},{"link_name":"State Physical Culture and Sports Guidance Commission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=State_Physical_Culture_and_Sports_Guidance_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-unikorea-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Article 106 of the Constitution of North Korea defines the State Affairs Commission as the supreme state organ of policy direction of state sovereignty.[2] Article 109 of the Constitution states that the SAC's powers are to:[3][4]deliberate and decide on major policies of the State including defence and security policies;\nexercise supervision over the fulfillment of the orders of the President of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the decisions and directives of the Commission, and take measures for their fulfillment;\nabrogate decisions and directives of State organs which run counter to the orders of the President of the SAC-DPRK and the decisions and directives of the Commission in its meetings.In practice, SAC supervises the Cabinet of North Korea. It also directly supervises the three ministries that are not under the Cabinet, namely the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of State Security and the Ministry of Social Security as well as the Korean People's Army, mainly the General Staff Department of the Korean People's Army and General Political Bureau of the Korean People's Army. The Supreme Guard Command which is responsible for the top leadership and government protection is also under its command. One additional entity, the State Physical Culture and Sports Guidance Commission(국가체육지도위원회), is also under the SAC as its Chairman is appointed by the Commission.[5][6]","title":"Powers and responsibilities"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1stSession14thSPA-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"}],"text":"The following are the current members of the State Affairs Commission as of 29 September 2021:[7][8][9]","title":"Members"}]
|
[]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Naenara Democratic People's Republic of Korea\". www.naenara.com.kp. Retrieved 2024-01-01.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/en/politics?arg_val=leader3","url_text":"\"Naenara Democratic People's Republic of Korea\""}]},{"reference":"\"Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership\" (PDF). Seoul: Political and Military Analysis Division, Intelligence and Analysis Bureau; Ministry of Unification. January 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.unikorea.go.kr/cms/getFile.do?file=2018012913454378143.pdf&orgname=north_korean_Leadership.pdf&mgmtId=MGMT_0000000754&siteId=SITE_00003&filePath=eng_unikorea/common/file/&count=Y#.pdf","url_text":"\"Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership\""}]},{"reference":"\"In full: promotions and demotions at North Korea's 14th SPA\". NK PRO. Korea Risk Group. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.nknews.org/pro/in-full-promotions-and-demotions-at-north-koreas-14th-spa/","url_text":"\"In full: promotions and demotions at North Korea's 14th SPA\""}]},{"reference":"\"Second-day Sitting of 5th Session of 14th SPA of DPRK Held\". KCNA Watch. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1632955497-696608669/second-day-sitting-of-5th-session-of-14th-spa-of-dprk-held","url_text":"\"Second-day Sitting of 5th Session of 14th SPA of DPRK Held\""}]},{"reference":"\"At 5th Session of 14th Supreme People's Assembly of DPRK\". KCNA Watch. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1632955497-781119845/at-5th-session-of-14th-supreme-peoples-assembly-of-dprk","url_text":"\"At 5th Session of 14th Supreme People's Assembly of DPRK\""}]},{"reference":"Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Amended and supplemented on June 29, Juche 105 (2016), at the Fourth Session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly (PDF). 2016 [1972].","urls":[{"url":"http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/book/politics/00000450.pdf#page=29","url_text":"Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Amended and supplemented on June 29, Juche 105 (2016), at the Fourth Session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.naenara.com.kp/main/index/en/politics?arg_val=leader3","external_links_name":"\"Naenara Democratic People's Republic of Korea\""},{"Link":"https://www.38north.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/NKIP-Bermudez-Overview-of-NBC-061417.pdf","external_links_name":"Overview of North Korea’s NBC Infrastructure"},{"Link":"https://www.unikorea.go.kr/cms/getFile.do?file=2018012913454378143.pdf&orgname=north_korean_Leadership.pdf&mgmtId=MGMT_0000000754&siteId=SITE_00003&filePath=eng_unikorea/common/file/&count=Y#.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Organizational Chart of North Korean Leadership\""},{"Link":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308415815_The_State_Affairs_Commission_and_the_consolidation_of_Kim_Jong_Un's_power","external_links_name":"Coduti, Maria Rosaria. The State Affairs Commission and the consolidation of Kim Jong-un's power"},{"Link":"https://www.nknews.org/pro/in-full-promotions-and-demotions-at-north-koreas-14th-spa/","external_links_name":"\"In full: promotions and demotions at North Korea's 14th SPA\""},{"Link":"https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1632955497-696608669/second-day-sitting-of-5th-session-of-14th-spa-of-dprk-held","external_links_name":"\"Second-day Sitting of 5th Session of 14th SPA of DPRK Held\""},{"Link":"https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1632955497-781119845/at-5th-session-of-14th-supreme-peoples-assembly-of-dprk","external_links_name":"\"At 5th Session of 14th Supreme People's Assembly of DPRK\""},{"Link":"http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/book/politics/00000450.pdf#page=29","external_links_name":"Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Amended and supplemented on June 29, Juche 105 (2016), at the Fourth Session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodger_W._Simpson
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Rodger W. Simpson
|
["1 Biography","2 Duty stations","3 Awards and decorations","4 Photographs","5 References"]
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Rodger Whitten SimpsonGrave at Arlington National CemeteryBorn(1898-06-04)June 4, 1898Portland, Oregon, U.S.DiedDecember 10, 1964(1964-12-10) (aged 66)AllegianceUnited States of AmericaService/branch United States NavyRank Rear AdmiralCommands heldMahan (DD-364)Destroyer Division 15Atlanta (CL-104)Task Flotilla 6Battles/warsWorld War IWorld War IIAwardsNavy Cross (2)Silver StarLegion of Merit
Rodger Whitten Simpson (June 4, 1898 – December 10, 1964) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy, who distinguished himself during World War II. The frigate USS Simpson (FFG-56) was named in his honor.
Biography
Simpson attended the University of Oregon for a year before entering the United States Naval Academy in June 1917. Midshipman Simpson served on the battleship Ohio (BB-12), which was stationed in the Atlantic Ocean and part of Atlantic Fleet during World War I. Simpson was commissioned an ensign during June 1920, graduating in the class of 1921.
He commanded the destroyer Mahan (DD-364) as a lieutenant commander during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands on 26 October 1942. Promoted to commander, he commanded Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 15, made up of the Sterett (DD-407), Stack (DD-406), and Lang (DD-399), which, along with three ships of DesDiv 12 under Commander Frederick Moosbrugger, sank three Japanese destroyers and damaged one in the Battle of Vella Gulf, 6–7 August 1943.
Simpson also served tours as commander, Training Command, Marianas; commander, Fleet Training Group, Western Pacific; Commander, Underway Training Unit, Guam; commanding officer, Atlanta (CL-104); and commanding officer, Naval Station Treasure Island.
On April 6, 1944, Commodore Simpson commanded Task Flotilla 6. He orchestrated and planned the rescue of over 7,500 Allied prisoners of war and civilians interned in Japanese concentration camps.
In 1945, the Navy's Task Group 30.6 commanded by Commodore Simpson arrived in Tokyo Bay to undertake the emergency evacuation of Allied POWs in waterfront areas. Accompanying Simpson were Commander Harold E. Stassen, USNR, flag secretary to commander, Third Fleet, and Admiral William F. Halsey.
For this rescue, he was honored with the Legion of Merit. The citation in part reads, ". . . by freeing the prisoners before the actual signing of the surrender, he saved the lives of hundreds of sick and starving U.S. service people . . . ."
Simpson retired in 1951.
Duty stations
USS Ohio (BB-12)
USS Brooklyn (CL-40)
USS Farquhar (DE-139)
USS Twiggs (DD-591)
USS Sloat (DE-245)
USS William Jones (DD-308)
USS Ludlow (DD-438)
USS Whippoorwill (AMS-207)
Awards and decorations
Among Rear Admiral Simpson's decorations and medals were the following:
Navy Cross
Navy Cross with Gold Star
Silver Star
Legion of Merit
World War I Victory Medal Atlantic Fleet Clasp, USS Ohio (BB-12)
American Defense Service Medal Fleet Clasp
American Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two Silver Stars (ten engagements)
Philippine Liberation Medal
Photographs
Rodger W. Simpson, Change of Command 1948 USS Atlanta
Rear Admiral Simpson Questioning Japanese Prisoners
Simpson And Cmdr Harold Stassen
Liberation of Allied Prisoners of War
References
^ a b c d "Rear Admiral Rodger W. Simpson". simpson.navy.mil. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History and Heritage Command.
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"rear admiral","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear_admiral_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"United States Navy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy"},{"link_name":"World War II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"link_name":"USS Simpson (FFG-56)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Simpson_(FFG-56)"}],"text":"Rodger Whitten Simpson (June 4, 1898 – December 10, 1964) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy, who distinguished himself during World War II. The frigate USS Simpson (FFG-56) was named in his honor.","title":"Rodger W. Simpson"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"University of Oregon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oregon"},{"link_name":"United States Naval Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy"},{"link_name":"Midshipman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midshipman"},{"link_name":"Ohio (BB-12)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ohio_(BB-12)"},{"link_name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean"},{"link_name":"Atlantic Fleet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Atlantic_Fleet"},{"link_name":"World War I","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"link_name":"ensign","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensign_(rank)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-navy.mil-1"},{"link_name":"Mahan (DD-364)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Mahan_(DD-364)"},{"link_name":"lieutenant commander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_commander"},{"link_name":"Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Santa_Cruz_Islands"},{"link_name":"commander","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander"},{"link_name":"DesDiv","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DesDiv"},{"link_name":"Sterett (DD-407)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Sterett_(DD-407)"},{"link_name":"Stack (DD-406)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Stack"},{"link_name":"Lang (DD-399)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Lang_(DD-399)"},{"link_name":"Frederick Moosbrugger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Moosbrugger"},{"link_name":"Japanese","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan"},{"link_name":"Battle of Vella Gulf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vella_Gulf"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-navy.mil-1"},{"link_name":"Marianas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianas"},{"link_name":"Guam","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam"},{"link_name":"Atlanta (CL-104)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Atlanta_(CL-104)"},{"link_name":"Naval Station Treasure Island","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Station_Treasure_Island"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-navy.mil-1"},{"link_name":"Commodore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_(United_States)"},{"link_name":"Task Flotilla 6","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Task_Flotilla_6&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Allied","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II"},{"link_name":"prisoners of war","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_of_war"},{"link_name":"civilians","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilians"},{"link_name":"interned","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interned"},{"link_name":"concentration camps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_camps"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-navy.mil-1"},{"link_name":"Tokyo Bay","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Bay"},{"link_name":"Harold E. Stassen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_E._Stassen"},{"link_name":"William F. Halsey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Halsey"},{"link_name":"rescue","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescue"},{"link_name":"Legion of Merit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Merit"},{"link_name":"surrender","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrender_(military)"},{"link_name":"sick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease"},{"link_name":"starving","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starving"}],"text":"Simpson attended the University of Oregon for a year before entering the United States Naval Academy in June 1917. Midshipman Simpson served on the battleship Ohio (BB-12), which was stationed in the Atlantic Ocean and part of Atlantic Fleet during World War I. Simpson was commissioned an ensign during June 1920, graduating in the class of 1921.[1]He commanded the destroyer Mahan (DD-364) as a lieutenant commander during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands on 26 October 1942. Promoted to commander, he commanded Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 15, made up of the Sterett (DD-407), Stack (DD-406), and Lang (DD-399), which, along with three ships of DesDiv 12 under Commander Frederick Moosbrugger, sank three Japanese destroyers and damaged one in the Battle of Vella Gulf, 6–7 August 1943.[1]Simpson also served tours as commander, Training Command, Marianas; commander, Fleet Training Group, Western Pacific; Commander, Underway Training Unit, Guam; commanding officer, Atlanta (CL-104); and commanding officer, Naval Station Treasure Island.[1]On April 6, 1944, Commodore Simpson commanded Task Flotilla 6. He orchestrated and planned the rescue of over 7,500 Allied prisoners of war and civilians interned in Japanese concentration camps.[1]In 1945, the Navy's Task Group 30.6 commanded by Commodore Simpson arrived in Tokyo Bay to undertake the emergency evacuation of Allied POWs in waterfront areas. Accompanying Simpson were Commander Harold E. Stassen, USNR, flag secretary to commander, Third Fleet, and Admiral William F. Halsey.For this rescue, he was honored with the Legion of Merit. The citation in part reads, \". . . by freeing the prisoners before the actual signing of the surrender, he saved the lives of hundreds of sick and starving U.S. service people . . . .\"Simpson retired in 1951.","title":"Biography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"USS Ohio (BB-12)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ohio_(BB-12)"},{"link_name":"USS Brooklyn (CL-40)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Brooklyn_(CL-40)"},{"link_name":"USS Farquhar (DE-139)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Farquhar_(DE-139)"},{"link_name":"USS Twiggs (DD-591)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Twiggs_(DD-591)"},{"link_name":"USS Sloat (DE-245)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Sloat_(DE-245)"},{"link_name":"USS William Jones (DD-308)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_William_Jones"},{"link_name":"USS Ludlow (DD-438)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Ludlow_(DD-438)"},{"link_name":"USS Whippoorwill (AMS-207)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Whippoorwill_(AMS-207)"}],"text":"USS Ohio (BB-12)\nUSS Brooklyn (CL-40)\nUSS Farquhar (DE-139)\nUSS Twiggs (DD-591)\nUSS Sloat (DE-245)\nUSS William Jones (DD-308)\nUSS Ludlow (DD-438)\nUSS Whippoorwill (AMS-207)","title":"Duty stations"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Navycross.jpg"}],"text":"Among Rear Admiral Simpson's decorations and medals were the following:Navy Cross","title":"Awards and decorations"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rodger W. Simpson, Change of Command 1948 USS Atlanta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g490000/g497991.jpg"},{"link_name":"Rear Admiral Simpson Questioning Japanese Prisoners","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g470000/g473723c.htm"},{"link_name":"Simpson And Cmdr Harold Stassen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g700000/g700864c.htm"},{"link_name":"Liberation of Allied Prisoners of War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/japansur/js-6f.htm"}],"text":"Rodger W. Simpson, Change of Command 1948 USS Atlanta\nRear Admiral Simpson Questioning Japanese Prisoners\nSimpson And Cmdr Harold Stassen\nLiberation of Allied Prisoners of War","title":"Photographs"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Navy Cross","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Navycross.jpg/100px-Navycross.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Rear Admiral Rodger W. Simpson\". simpson.navy.mil. Retrieved 7 November 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.simpson.navy.mil/Site%20Pages/RADM.aspx","url_text":"\"Rear Admiral Rodger W. Simpson\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g490000/g497991.jpg","external_links_name":"Rodger W. Simpson, Change of Command 1948 USS Atlanta"},{"Link":"http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g470000/g473723c.htm","external_links_name":"Rear Admiral Simpson Questioning Japanese Prisoners"},{"Link":"http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g700000/g700864c.htm","external_links_name":"Simpson And Cmdr Harold Stassen"},{"Link":"http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/japansur/js-6f.htm","external_links_name":"Liberation of Allied Prisoners of War"},{"Link":"http://www.simpson.navy.mil/Site%20Pages/RADM.aspx","external_links_name":"\"Rear Admiral Rodger W. Simpson\""}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Plimmer
|
John Plimmer
|
["1 Early life in England","2 Life in New Zealand","3 Legacy","4 References"]
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John PlimmerStatue of John Plimmer and his dog Fritz at Plimmers StepsBornJohn Plimmer(1812-06-28)28 June 1812Shrewsbury, Shropshire, EnglandDied5 January 1905(1905-01-05) (aged 92)Wellington, New ZealandOccupationEntrepreneurSpouse(s)Mary Roden (1833–?)Janet Anderson(1864–1905)Children8, including Henry
John Plimmer (28 June 1812 – 5 January 1905) was an English settler and entrepreneur in New Zealand who has been called the "Father of Wellington".
Early life in England
Plimmer was born at a village called in contemporary accounts "Upton-under-Amon" near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England on 28 June 1812, youngest but one of 12 children of Isaac Plimmer, builder and timber merchant, and his wife Mary (nee Roden). Identifiably the village is Upton Magna, which lies under Haughmond Hill, where he was baptised on 19 July that year.
Educated at a local parish school, he was intended for teaching but preferred to train as a plasterer and master builder. He practised the trades at Willenhall, Staffordshire from after his father moved there until his own emigration and it was at Birmingham in that area he first married, to Mary Roden who was a probable cousin, in 1833.
Life in New Zealand
He arrived in Wellington from England on the ship Gertrude in 1841. As an entrepreneur in 1851 he purchased the stranded whaling ship Inconstant and converted the hull into a warehouse and one of the first piers in Wellington. It became known as "Plimmer's Ark", a centre of business in early Wellington, used as an auction house, customs office and lighthouse.
He was a member of the Wellington Provincial Council from 1856 to 1857, the first Wellington Town Board (1863) and was on the Wellington City Council from 1870 to 1871.
His principal public service was the organisation of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company between 1880 and 1886. The township (now a suburb) of Plimmerton, on the Wellington - Manawatu Line built by the company, was named after him.
Legacy
He is buried at Bolton Street Memorial Park, and his grave is part of the memorial trail.
There is a statue of him at the bottom of Plimmer Steps off Lambton Quay, Wellington.
The McKinnon brothers Don, Ian, John and Malcolm are great-great-grandsons of Plimmer.
The Plimmer Towers office complex is named after him.
In 2009, Plimmer was posthumously inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame.
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Plimmer.
^ a b "The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966".
^ The transcribed parish register has corresponding parents' names.
^ "Details". Wellington City Council. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ "Memorial Trail" (PDF). Bolton Street Memorial Park. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-08. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
^ Dominion Post 18 June 2009 page C2
^ "Past laureates". Business Hall of Fame. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Previa
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Toyota Previa
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["1 First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)","1.1 United States","1.2 United Kingdom","1.3 Netherlands","1.4 Australia","1.5 Additional notes","2 Second generation (XR30/XR40; 2000)","2.1 Estima Hybrid","3 Third generation (XR50; 2006)","3.1 Estima Hybrid","3.2 Tarago","3.3 Facelift (2016)","4 References","5 External links"]
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Multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)
Motor vehicle
Toyota PreviaOverviewManufacturerToyotaAlso calledToyota Estima (Japan)Toyota Tarago (Australia)ProductionJanuary 1990 – October 2019Body and chassisClassMinivanBody style4/5-door minivanLayoutFront mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive (1990–1999)Front-engine, front-wheel-drive (2000–2019)Front-engine, all-wheel-drive (1990–1999, 2006–2019)ChronologyPredecessorToyota TownAce/MasterAce Surf (R20/R30)SuccessorToyota Sienna (North America and Taiwan)Toyota GranAce/Granvia (H300) (Japan, Australia, Taiwan and Middle East)Toyota Alphard (AH30) (Asia)
The Toyota Previa, also known as the Toyota Estima (Japanese: トヨタ・エスティマ, Hepburn: Toyota Esutima) in Japan, and Toyota Tarago in Australia, is a minivan that was produced by Toyota from 1990 until October 2019 across three generations.
The name "Previa" is derived from the Spanish for "preview", as Toyota saw the first Previa as a vehicle that would preview technologies used in future minivans. The Previa was the second largest minivan in Toyota's lineup in Japan after the bigger and more luxurious Alphard/Vellfire.
First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)
Motor vehicle
First generation (XR10, XR20)1996–2000 Toyota Tarago GLi (TCR10R, Australia)OverviewAlso calledToyota Estima (Japan)Toyota Tarago (Australia)Jinhui Previa (China)Beijing Zhonglian Previa (China)Hongxing HX6482 (China)ProductionJanuary 1990 – December 1999Model years1991–1997 (North America)AssemblyJapan: Kariya, Aichi (Fujimatsu plant)Zhuhai, Guangdong (CKD)DesignerTokuo Fukuichi; David Doyle (1987)Body and chassisLayoutFront mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layoutFront mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout (All-Trac)PowertrainEnginePetrol:2.4 L 2TZ-FE I42.4 L 2TZ-FZE supercharged I4Diesel:2.2 L 3C-T/3C-TE turbo I4Transmission5-speed manual G57 (AWD), G59 (RWD)4-speed automatic A46DF (AWD), A46DE (RWD)4-speed automatic A340F (S/C AWD), A340E (S/C RWD)DimensionsWheelbase112.8 in (2,865 mm)Length1991–92, 1995–97: 4,750 mm (187.0 in)1993–94: 4,760 mm (187.4 in)Width1,800 mm (70.9 in)Height1991–94 RWD: 1,745 mm (68.7 in)1995–97 RWD: 1,781 mm (70.1 in)1991–94 AWD: 1,755 mm (69.1 in)1995–97 AWD: 1,791 mm (70.5 in)Curb weight1,703 kg (3,755 lb)
1990–1994 Toyota Estima (Japan)1998–1999 Toyota Estima V Limited (TCR10W; facelift, Japan)
The first generation, designed by Toyota designer Tokuo Fukuichi and Calty designer David Doyle in 1987 (patent filed 24 December 1987), was introduced on 27 January 1990, and had only one sliding side door for the rear passengers. It featured a mid-engined platform, where the inline-four cylinder gasoline-powered engine was installed almost flat (at a 75-degree angle), beneath the front seats.
Installing the engine in this configuration allowed moderately easy access to the spark plugs, which were located underneath a panel on the mid right-side of the vehicle, after removing the front right seat, the carpet and an access panel.
All of the engine-driven accessories, such as the alternator, power steering pump, air conditioning compressor and radiator fan, are accessible from the front hood and are driven by an accessory driveshaft on the front of the engine. This method received the name Supplemental Accessory Drive System, or "SADS". Placing these items in front allowed the designers to achieve an even front/rear weight distribution, which benefits ride quality and handling. However, it also prevented the installation of a larger engine, and meant that the design and development costs could not be mitigated by sharing the platform with other vehicles.
The first generation Previa was 4,750 mm (187.0 in) long and 1,800 mm (70.9 in) wide. In Japan, two smaller versions, the Toyota Estima Lucida and Toyota Estima Emina, were produced from January 1992, which were approximately 110 mm (4.3 in) narrower and 70 mm (2.8 in) shorter than the standard model. The original design continued to be sold in Japan, but became known as the "wide-body" Estima.
The reason that the smaller Emina and Lucida models were developed is the vehicle tax system in Japan, which is based on the product of the length and width of the car; the smaller variants fall into a lower tax band. The Estima Emina and Estima Lucida were also available with a 2.2-liter diesel engine (3C-T and 3C-TE). In Japan, the Estima and Estima Emina were exclusive to the dealerships called Toyota Store. The Estima Lucida sold at Toyota Corolla Store dealerships. The two received small redesigns in 1994 and a facelift in 1996.
The first generation Previa was available in both rear- and all-wheel drive versions (called All-Trac) and powered by a 135 PS (99 kW) JIS four-cylinder 2.4-liter fuel injection engine. Available with a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual gearbox, this Previa also seated seven or eight people, with three seating configurations offered (North America only received the seven passenger configurations, however).
All configurations have a driver and front passenger seat forward, and a three-seat bench seat at the rear that splits and folds flat against the sides of the cabin. The eight-seat configuration contains a 2/1 split swiveling bench seat in the middle row, while the seven-seat configurations contain either two independently swiveling captain's chairs (referred to as "Quad Seating"), in the middle row or a two-seat bench offset towards the driver's side. The third row is better upholstered in the seven-seat version.
The Previa was available with either four-wheel disc brakes or traditional front disc/rear drum brake setup, with anti-lock brakes (ABS) as an option.
Estima Emina
1992–1994 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)
1992–1994 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)
1994–1996 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)
1996–1999 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)
Estima Lucida
1992–1994 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)
1992–1994 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)
1994–1996 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)
1996–1999 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)
1996–1999 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)
United States
1997 model year Previa S/C AWD (last model year in the US)
In the United States, the Previa was sold from March 1990 (for the 1991 model year) until 1997. It was imported from Japan to compete with Chrysler Corporation's successful Dodge Caravan minivan, and its twins, the Chrysler Town and Country and Plymouth Voyager. Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca accused Toyota of dumping the Previa in the United States in order to take market share in the minivan segment from Chrysler. However, his claims were never substantiated.
While the Previa proved more popular than the Toyota Van it replaced, it did not acquire significant market share from Chrysler—due to its higher price, controversial styling (for its time), lower fuel economy and engine performance—and also due to Chrysler launching redesigned minivans around the same time.
The mid-engine design proved to have a significant limitation—the inability to incorporate larger engine sizes, which proved a problem as American drivers were used to having more power; the Dodge/Plymouth/Chrysler models were sold with available V6 engines with slightly more power. Its layout did, however, give the Previa greater interior space than the Chrysler competitors.
Starting with the 1994 model year, Toyota attempted to improve engine performance by fitting a Roots-type supercharger with air-to-air intercooler, providing 6 psi (41 kPa) of boost (these models were called the "S/C"), bringing the engine power up to a competitive 158 hp (118 kW) and increasing fuel efficiency from 17 to 23 mpg‑US (14 to 10 L/100 km). The S/C engine was available as an option on only the LE for the 1994 model year, and on all models for 1995.
The United States version of the Previa was discontinued after the 1997 model year, replaced by the more traditionally designed, front-wheel drive, US-designed and built, Camry-based Sienna.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tested a 1996 Previa in the moderate overlap front crash test. It was given a "Poor" rating due to violent head movement as the steering wheel was driven up towards the roof and the dummy slid down into a reclining position, causing leg injuries.
United Kingdom
Toyota Previa (UK)Toyota Previa (Europe)
The first UK market Previas were sold in September 1990, with one trim level called GL, followed by GX and GS in later years. No diesel engine Previas were made for the UK market.
Netherlands
The first generation Previa was marketed in the Netherlands between 1991 and 1994. In 1994, the supercharged or SC model was made standard on all Previas. The only engine available was a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine until 1995. Trim levels were base (later renamed to i denoting an injection engine), GL, GLi and GXi. The 2.2-liter diesel version was a popular grey import.
Australia
In Australia, the Tarago was offered in GL/GLi, GLS and GLX forms with 7–8 passenger seating from launch in September 1990. In addition to the Australian market, there were various special edition models available, which varied in trim levels. These include the RV (either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic with 4WD), commemorative Rugby World Cup editions and Getaway. Feature-wise, all of the special edition models are marketed between the base GLi and GLX models. When the later-style update models were released in Australia, the top-of-the-line GLS model was renamed "Ultima" and the Getaway became a mainstay trim level, being renamed Getaway II.
Additional notes
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The five-speed manual Previas (North American models) were made from 1990 through to 1993 (model year 1991 to 1993); none of these have a supercharger.
Starting in 1991 for model year 1992, Previas (North American models) came with a driver's side airbag and third brake-light with dual airbags becoming standard in September 1993 for model year 1994, being the first minivan to offer a passenger airbag as standard.
From 1991 to 1997 (from 1992 to 1997 model years), North American Previas also came with a swivel feature on the optional middle-row captain's chairs; 1990 to 1991 production (1991 model year) had fixed optional captain's chairs.
Available on Previas outside the U.S., was an ice-maker/refrigerator that doubled as a beverage heater called the Hot/Cool Box.
The supercharged engine is different from the normally aspirated engine, owing to a slight decrease in compression ratio and stronger engine internals. The supercharger is engaged on-demand by an electromagnetic clutch, based on input from the engine management system computer (the Engine Control Unit, or ECU).
Previas have optional dual moonroofs: A power horizontal-sliding only glass moonroof above the middle row of passengers, and a pop-up glass moonroof above the front seats.
Previas were also the first van to pass all US safety standards as pertaining to front impact, driver airbag, passenger airbag, center-mounted brake light, ABS, daylights, etc.
Fuel efficiency is below average (11–13 L/100 km or 18.1–21.4 mpg city, 10–11 L/100 km or 21.4–23.5 mpg highway); the small four-cylinder engine needs to work a bit harder owing to the power to weight ratio of the vehicle, compared with today's 6-cylinder engines. The addition of the supercharger slightly improves power and gives better fuel consumption.
The Previa gives a practically panoramic view, excluding the pillars behind the front doors. This also turns the van into a greenhouse, accumulating extreme heat in a short period of time, although solar control glass later became an option, to help alleviate the problem.
Previas are affectionately called "eggvans", "eggs" or "beans", because of their shape. In Australia, they have been referred to as "Wombats", because they somewhat resemble the marsupial of the same name. In New Zealand, they are very popular with freedom campers and are referred to as "Bucky" buses.
In the United States, the first generation Previa model variations, in order of lowest to highest price/option features, are: DX, DX All-Trac, DX S/C, LE, LE All-Trac, LE S/C, LE S/C All-Trac (where S/C = Supercharged and AllTrac = 4WD)
The front passenger seat and a section of floor pan must be removed to perform a tune up because there is not enough room to remove spark plug leads or spark plugs.
When the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tested the 1996 model in the offset frontal crash test, it revealed many safety problems: the cabin structure was unstable, the steering wheel moved upward all the way to the windshield, the lap belt tore which allowed the dummy to end up in a partially reclining position, and there were high forces on both of the lower legs, in which the IIHS evaluated it "Poor".
In some countries (mainly Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom), unsold Estimas and Lucidas were re-badged as 1995/1996 Previas.
Second generation (XR30/XR40; 2000)
Motor vehicle
Second generation (XR30, XR40)Pre-facelift Previa (Europe)OverviewAlso calledToyota Estima (Japan)Toyota Tarago (Australia)ProductionJanuary 2000 – December 2005AssemblyJapan: Kariya, Aichi (Fujimatsu plant); Toyota, Aichi (Motomachi plant)DesignerHiroshi Okamoto (1997)Body and chassisLayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-driveFront-engine, four-wheel-drivePlatformToyota K platformRelatedToyota Alphard (AH10)Toyota Sienna (XL20)PowertrainEnginePetrol:2.4 L 2AZ-FE I43.0 L 1MZ-FE V6Diesel:2.0 L 1CD-FTV turbo I4Petrol hybrid:2.4 L 2AZ-FXE I4Electric motorSynchronous motor (hybrid) 1EM 13 kW (17 hp; 18 PS) (front)1FM 18 kW (24 hp; 24 PS) (rear)Transmission5-speed manual4-speed automaticCVT (hybrid)Battery1.4 kWh nickel–metal hydrideDimensionsWheelbase2,900 mm (114.2 in)Length4,750 mm (187.0 in)Width1,790 mm (70.5 in)Height1,770 mm (69.7 in)Curb weight1,640–1,850 kg (3,616–4,079 lb)
The first generation Previa was sold outside the United States until 8 January 2000, when a newer front-wheel drive second generation replaced it. The second generation was not available in North America, as they received the Toyota Sienna. The second generation Previa had a slightly longer wheelbase (2900 mm) and was both narrower (1790 mm) and lower (1770 mm) than the first one; it switched to FF layout and was based on the Camry platform.
It was produced with sliding rear passenger doors on both sides and offered space for up to six, seven or eight passengers and, as with the first generation, was sold as the Estima in Japan and as the Tarago in Australia. The range available in Australia was the GLi, GLX and Ultima.
Models sold on the European markets were available with both gasoline and diesel-powered four-cylinder engines. The diesel engine was a 2.0-liter 1CD-FTV with 85 kW (116 PS) and the gasoline-powered one a 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE with 115 kW (156 PS). Both models featured a five-speed manual transmission as the part of standard equipment, while a four-speed automatic was available as an option on gasoline-powered model.
Australian models (known locally as ACR30R) were only available with the 2.4-liter petrol engine and a four-speed automatic.
In the UK, GS, GLS and CDX trim levels were available. When the facelift was introduced in June 2003, these became T2, T3 and T Spirit respectively.
In Japan, a 3.0-liter V6 engine and a 2.4-liter hybrid version of the Estima were available.
Pre-facelift Previa (Europe)
Pre-facelift Estima L (Japan)
Pre-facelift Estima L (Japan)
Facelift Previa (Europe)
Facelift Previa (Europe)
Interior
Estima Hybrid
The Estima Hybrid employed the Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive and used two electric motors. A 2.4-liter gasoline engine and a 13 kW (17 hp) electric motor power the front wheels, while the rear wheels are propelled by a 18 kW (24 hp) electric motor. The vehicle had been on sale in Japan since June 2001. Production of the hybrid started in May 2001 at the Motomachi plant and June 2002 at the Fujimatsu plant. It is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minivan.
2001–2003 Toyota Estima Hybrid
2001–2003 Toyota Estima Hybrid
Third generation (XR50; 2006)
Motor vehicle
Third generation (XR50)Pre-facelift Toyota Previa (China)OverviewAlso calledToyota Estima (Japan) Toyota Tarago (Australia)ProductionJanuary 2006 – October 2019AssemblyJapan: Kariya, Aichi (Fujimatsu plant); Toyota, Aichi (Motomachi plant)DesignerKuniaki ToyookaBody and chassisLayoutFront-engine, front-wheel-driveFront-engine, four-wheel-drivePlatformToyota New MC platformRelatedToyota Alphard (AH20)PowertrainEnginePetrol:2.4 L 2AZ-FE I43.5 L 2GR-FE V6Petrol hybrid:2.4 L 2AZ-FXE I4Transmission4-speed automatic (2.4, 2006–2010)7-speed Super CVT-i (2.4) 6-speed automatic (3.5) e-CVT (hybrid)DimensionsWheelbase2,950 mm (116.1 in)Length4,795 mm (188.8 in) (2006–2015)4,820 mm (189.8 in) (2016–2019)Width1,800 mm (70.9 in)1,820 mm (71.7 in) (2016–2019)Height1,750 mm (68.9 in)Curb weight1,725–1,915 kg (3,803–4,222 lb)
The third-generation model was introduced in 2006 in Japanese and Australian markets as the Estima and Tarago respectively, and as the Previa in other markets. This generation was notably absent from the European market.
Features include an available second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive drivetrain (only in the Japanese market), automatic parallel and reverse parking (only on Toyota Estima), Lane-Keep Assist (LKA) system which detects the lane markers on the road and steers the car on the right direction (for Estima only), Adaptive Front-Lighting System low beam headlamps which assists to light up the upcoming road around a bend, track-mounted second row reclining seats with footrests, and power-folding split third row seats (for seven-seater models). It received a minor facelift in 2009. G-BOOK was added to the list of optional features. Active driver assist features such as Lane Keeping Assist and Dynamic Radar Cruise Control were offered as an option exclusively to V6 variants.
In some markets such as Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota announced the 3.5-liter V6 model in January 2007, but was dropped from the lineup after its major facelift in 2016.
In the Philippines, the XR50 replaced the XR40 Previa in 2009. It only comes in the 2.4L Q variant. It is powered by Toyota's 2.4L 2AZ-FE inline-four engine with VVT-i paired to a 4-speed automatic transmission. It came with power sliding doors, automatic climate control, faux wood trim, 2DIN 6 CD audio system, speakers, remote keyless entry, and leather seats among other features.
2006 Toyota Estima Aeras (Japan)
2008 Toyota Estima Aeras (Japan)
2014 Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras
2013 Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras
Facelift Toyota Previa (China)
Interior (pre-facelift)
Estima Hybrid
The third generation Estima Hybrid is powered by Toyota's 2.4-liter E-Four hybrid system with all-wheel drive. The hybridized Estima bears the model code AHR20 and is specifically marketed and sold exclusively in China and Japan, with limited importation to Australia. It is said to be similar to that of the Lexus RX 400h, but a generation behind.
2008 Toyota Estima Hybrid
2008 Toyota Estima Hybrid
Tarago
The Tarago was released in March 2006 bearing the ACR50R model code featuring the 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE inline-four engine found in the ACV40R Camry. In February 2007, Toyota released the GSR50R model with the 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 engine producing 202 kW (271 hp) and 340 N⋅m (250 ft⋅lbf) found in the GSV40R Aurion.
The model received a facelift in 2009, with revisions to the headlamps and bumpers. The option of a seven-seater variant was introduced in 2008. Another update was released in 2012 with smart start as standard on all models, smart entry on GLX V6 and Ultima models, new audio systems on all models, automatic headlights and a new Rustic Brown colour option. It also received the major facelift in 2016, with updated interior and other new standard features offered, however it still bears its exterior looks mostly unchanged as with the pre-facelift design. It is available as a family van, a taxicab for regular passengers and a specially designed wheelchair accessible taxi featuring a ramp and longer wheelbase.
In May 2019, Toyota revealed the Granvia, which is heavily based on the latest HiAce van. Toyota Australia confirmed the Granvia will replace the Tarago by the end of 2019, however, they were sold alongside each other for a short period of time. As of March 2020, the Tarago has been discontinued in the Australian market and removed from the Toyota Australia website.
Pre-facelift Toyota Tarago GLX
Facelift Toyota Tarago GLi
Facelift Toyota Tarago GLi
Facelift (2016)
The facelifted model was launched in mid-2016, its dimensions remain mostly unchanged while it receives various new additional equipment to keep up with its competitors. In the interior features a redesigned multifunction steering wheel and a piano black center console that neatly houses a large touchscreen infotainment display. A new safety system "Toyota Safety Sense C" was offered for the first time in the facelifted Estima, but only for Japanese models. The former includes pre-collision system with pedestrian detection function, lane keep assist, high beam assist and radar cruise control.
Along with the new safety features comes with slightly redesigned headlights with LED daytime running lights, tail lights, bumpers, as well as interior with updated steering wheel design, it also becomes the first Toyota to have 360 degree 99% UV cut glass preventing 99% of UV rays from entering into the vehicle creating a cooler environment overall, this 99% UV cut glass also gets a recommendation from Skin Cancer Foundation and has a SPF 50+/PA++++ rating. The Estima drops its 3.5 L V6 engine option and now only offers the 2.4 L inline-4 producing 170 PS (130 kW), and 224 N⋅m (165 ft⋅lbf) and its hybrid variant.
Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras (2016 facelift)
Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras (2016 facelift)
Interior (2016 facelift)
References
^ a b Takeyama, Eitaro (6 September 2019). "トヨタ、エスティマ生産終了へ 「天才タマゴ」" . Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). Japan. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
^ "トヨタ ラインナップ | 現在販売していないクルマ | エスティマ" (in Japanese). Japan: Toyota. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
^ a b c d e "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
^ Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha. "US Patent D305624". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
^ "1990–2000 Toyota Estima". Right Drive. Canada. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
^ a b "IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Previa". Iihs.org. 2 September 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
^ "Toyota Previa (1990–2000) used car review". UK: RAC. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
^ "Review: Toyota Previa (1990–2000)". UK: Honest John. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
^ Matras, John (April 1994). "Supercharging to the rescue". Popular Science.
^ a b c "Motomachi Plant". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
^ "岡本浩志" (in Japanese). Chiba University. 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
^ Olausson, Kenneth, ed. (September 2001), Bilkatalogen 2002 (Swedish edition of German Auto Katalog) (in Swedish), Solna, Sweden: Bilinfo Print AB, pp. 286–287
^ "Passenger car price list January 2003", UK: Toyota (GB), January 2003
^ "Previa" (brochure), UK: Toyota (GB), July 2003
^ Thorp, Chris (19 August 2003). "Toyota Estima Hybrid". Auto Express. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ Nunez, Alex (13 June 2006). "Toyota Estima Hybrid gets a full redesign". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
^ "Japanese Production Sites" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.
^ "Facelifted Estima Specs (2016)". Goo-net-Exchange.
^ Tan, Paul. "Toyota Estima receives a facelift in Japan". Paultan.org. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
^ Hermosa, Tito F. (17 August 2011). "2011 Toyota Previa 2.4Q review". autoindustriya.
^ Banzon, Sharleen (September 2009). "2009 Toyota Previa Review". Top Gear Philippines.
^ "Toyota Estima AHR20 cars for sale or order in Australia". Carsales. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
^ Cobb, Jeff (10 September 2013). "Toyota's Fuel-Sipping Estima And Alphard Hybrid Minivans – Off Limits For US". Hybridcars.com. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
^ "ACR50R Tarago". GoAuto. 1 March 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
^ "Toyota Tarago GLi GSR50R cars for sale or order in Australia". Carsales. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
^ "Toyota Unveils All-New Luxury Granvia | Latest News". New Cars Toyota Australia: Prices, Service Centres, Dealers, Test Drives. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
^ "2016 Toyota Estima facelift". Paultan.org. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
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The Previa was the second largest minivan in Toyota's lineup in Japan after the bigger and more luxurious Alphard/Vellfire.","title":"Toyota Previa"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_4WD_001.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_estima_tcr10w_vlimited_1_f_(cropped).jpg"},{"link_name":"Calty","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calty"},{"link_name":"mid-engined","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-engined"},{"link_name":"inline-four cylinder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-four_engine"},{"link_name":"spark plugs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_plug"},{"link_name":"alternator","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"},{"link_name":"ride quality","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride_quality"},{"link_name":"handling","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_handling"},{"link_name":"vehicle tax system","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_size_class#Japan"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:0-5"},{"link_name":"Toyota Store","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Store"},{"link_name":"Toyota Corolla Store","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Corolla_Store"},{"link_name":"all-wheel drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-wheel_drive"},{"link_name":"All-Trac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Trac"},{"link_name":"JIS","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards"},{"link_name":"automatic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"},{"link_name":"manual","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmission"},{"link_name":"disc brakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_brakes"},{"link_name":"anti-lock brakes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_brakes"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_Emina_001.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_Emina_002.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota-Estima_Emina-1st_1995-front.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1996-1999_Toyota_Estima_Emina.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1992_Toyota_Estima-Lucida_01.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1992_Toyota_Estima_Lucida_(rear).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1995_Toyota_Estima-Lucida_01.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1997_Toyota_Estima_Lucida_2.2_Front.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1997_Toyota_Estima_Lucida_2.2_Rear.jpg"}],"text":"Motor vehicle1990–1994 Toyota Estima (Japan)1998–1999 Toyota Estima V Limited (TCR10W; facelift, Japan)The first generation, designed by Toyota designer Tokuo Fukuichi and Calty designer David Doyle in 1987 (patent filed 24 December 1987), was introduced on 27 January 1990, and had only one sliding side door for the rear passengers. It featured a mid-engined platform, where the inline-four cylinder gasoline-powered engine was installed almost flat (at a 75-degree angle), beneath the front seats.Installing the engine in this configuration allowed moderately easy access to the spark plugs, which were located underneath a panel on the mid right-side of the vehicle, after removing the front right seat, the carpet and an access panel.All of the engine-driven accessories, such as the alternator, power steering pump, air conditioning compressor and radiator fan, are accessible from the front hood and are driven by an accessory driveshaft on the front of the engine. This method received the name Supplemental Accessory Drive System, or \"SADS\". Placing these items in front allowed the designers to achieve an even front/rear weight distribution, which benefits ride quality and handling. However, it also prevented the installation of a larger engine, and meant that the design and development costs could not be mitigated by sharing the platform with other vehicles.The first generation Previa was 4,750 mm (187.0 in) long and 1,800 mm (70.9 in) wide. In Japan, two smaller versions, the Toyota Estima Lucida and Toyota Estima Emina, were produced from January 1992, which were approximately 110 mm (4.3 in) narrower and 70 mm (2.8 in) shorter than the standard model. The original design continued to be sold in Japan, but became known as the \"wide-body\" Estima.The reason that the smaller Emina and Lucida models were developed is the vehicle tax system in Japan, which is based on the product of the length and width of the car; the smaller variants fall into a lower tax band. The Estima Emina and Estima Lucida were also available with a 2.2-liter diesel engine (3C-T and 3C-TE).[5] In Japan, the Estima and Estima Emina were exclusive to the dealerships called Toyota Store. The Estima Lucida sold at Toyota Corolla Store dealerships. The two received small redesigns in 1994 and a facelift in 1996.The first generation Previa was available in both rear- and all-wheel drive versions (called All-Trac) and powered by a 135 PS (99 kW) JIS four-cylinder 2.4-liter fuel injection engine. Available with a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual gearbox, this Previa also seated seven or eight people, with three seating configurations offered (North America only received the seven passenger configurations, however).All configurations have a driver and front passenger seat forward, and a three-seat bench seat at the rear that splits and folds flat against the sides of the cabin. The eight-seat configuration contains a 2/1 split swiveling bench seat in the middle row, while the seven-seat configurations contain either two independently swiveling captain's chairs (referred to as \"Quad Seating\"), in the middle row or a two-seat bench offset towards the driver's side. The third row is better upholstered in the seven-seat version.The Previa was available with either four-wheel disc brakes or traditional front disc/rear drum brake setup, with anti-lock brakes (ABS) as an option.Estima Emina1992–1994 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1992–1994 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1994–1996 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1996–1999 Toyota Estima Emina (Japan)Estima Lucida1992–1994 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1992–1994 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1994–1996 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1996–1999 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t1996–1999 Toyota Estima Lucida (Japan)","title":"First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1997_Previa_SC_AWD.jpg"},{"link_name":"United States","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"},{"link_name":"Chrysler Corporation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Dodge Caravan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodge_Caravan"},{"link_name":"Chrysler Town and Country","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Town_and_Country"},{"link_name":"Plymouth Voyager","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Voyager"},{"link_name":"Lee Iacocca","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Iacocca"},{"link_name":"dumping","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy)"},{"link_name":"Toyota Van","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Van"},{"link_name":"mid-engine design","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-engine_design"},{"link_name":"V6 engines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V6_engine"},{"link_name":"supercharger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"},{"link_name":"front-wheel drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-wheel_drive"},{"link_name":"Camry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camry"},{"link_name":"Sienna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Sienna"},{"link_name":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance_Institute_for_Highway_Safety"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IIHS_2005-6"}],"sub_title":"United States","text":"1997 model year Previa S/C AWD (last model year in the US)In the United States, the Previa was sold from March 1990 (for the 1991 model year) until 1997. It was imported from Japan to compete with Chrysler Corporation's successful Dodge Caravan minivan, and its twins, the Chrysler Town and Country and Plymouth Voyager. Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca accused Toyota of dumping the Previa in the United States in order to take market share in the minivan segment from Chrysler. However, his claims were never substantiated.While the Previa proved more popular than the Toyota Van it replaced, it did not acquire significant market share from Chrysler—due to its higher price, controversial styling (for its time), lower fuel economy and engine performance—and also due to Chrysler launching redesigned minivans around the same time.The mid-engine design proved to have a significant limitation—the inability to incorporate larger engine sizes, which proved a problem as American drivers were used to having more power; the Dodge/Plymouth/Chrysler models were sold with available V6 engines with slightly more power. Its layout did, however, give the Previa greater interior space than the Chrysler competitors.Starting with the 1994 model year, Toyota attempted to improve engine performance by fitting a Roots-type supercharger with air-to-air intercooler, providing 6 psi (41 kPa) of boost (these models were called the \"S/C\"), bringing the engine power up to a competitive 158 hp (118 kW) and increasing fuel efficiency from 17 to 23 mpg‑US (14 to 10 L/100 km). The S/C engine was available as an option on only the LE for the 1994 model year, and on all models for 1995.The United States version of the Previa was discontinued after the 1997 model year, replaced by the more traditionally designed, front-wheel drive, US-designed and built, Camry-based Sienna.The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tested a 1996 Previa in the moderate overlap front crash test. It was given a \"Poor\" rating due to violent head movement as the steering wheel was driven up towards the roof and the dummy slid down into a reclining position, causing leg injuries.[6]","title":"First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Previa_in_London.png"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1996_Toyota_Previa_2.4_GL_(11418319305).jpg"},{"link_name":"UK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"}],"sub_title":"United Kingdom","text":"Toyota Previa (UK)Toyota Previa (Europe)The first UK market Previas were sold in September 1990, with one trim level called GL, followed by GX and GS in later years.[7] No diesel engine Previas were made for the UK market.[8]","title":"First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"grey import","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_import"}],"sub_title":"Netherlands","text":"The first generation Previa was marketed in the Netherlands between 1991 and 1994. In 1994, the supercharged or SC model was made standard on all Previas. The only engine available was a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine until 1995. Trim levels were base (later renamed to i denoting an injection engine), GL, GLi and GXi. The 2.2-liter diesel version was a popular grey import.","title":"First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"Rugby World Cup","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup"}],"sub_title":"Australia","text":"In Australia, the Tarago was offered in GL/GLi, GLS and GLX forms with 7–8 passenger seating from launch in September 1990. In addition to the Australian market, there were various special edition models available, which varied in trim levels. These include the RV (either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic with 4WD), commemorative Rugby World Cup editions and Getaway. Feature-wise, all of the special edition models are marketed between the base GLi and GLX models. When the later-style update models were released in Australia, the top-of-the-line GLS model was renamed \"Ultima\" and the Getaway became a mainstay trim level, being renamed Getaway II.","title":"First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-:1-9"},{"link_name":"Fuel efficiency","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiency"},{"link_name":"four-cylinder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-four_engine"},{"link_name":"freedom campers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camping_in_New_Zealand#Freedom_camping"},{"link_name":"All-Trac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Trac"},{"link_name":"All-Trac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Trac"},{"link_name":"All-Trac","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Trac"},{"link_name":"Insurance Institute for Highway Safety","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurance_Institute_for_Highway_Safety"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-IIHS_2005-6"},{"link_name":"re-badged","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebadging"}],"sub_title":"Additional notes","text":"The five-speed manual Previas (North American models) were made from 1990 through to 1993 (model year 1991 to 1993); none of these have a supercharger.[9]\nStarting in 1991 for model year 1992, Previas (North American models) came with a driver's side airbag and third brake-light with dual airbags becoming standard in September 1993 for model year 1994, being the first minivan to offer a passenger airbag as standard.\nFrom 1991 to 1997 (from 1992 to 1997 model years), North American Previas also came with a swivel feature on the optional middle-row captain's chairs; 1990 to 1991 production (1991 model year) had fixed optional captain's chairs.\nAvailable on Previas outside the U.S., was an ice-maker/refrigerator that doubled as a beverage heater called the Hot/Cool Box.\nThe supercharged engine is different from the normally aspirated engine, owing to a slight decrease in compression ratio and stronger engine internals. The supercharger is engaged on-demand by an electromagnetic clutch, based on input from the engine management system computer (the Engine Control Unit, or ECU).\nPrevias have optional dual moonroofs: A power horizontal-sliding only glass moonroof above the middle row of passengers, and a pop-up glass moonroof above the front seats.\nPrevias were also the first van to pass all US safety standards as pertaining to front impact, driver airbag, passenger airbag, center-mounted brake light, ABS, daylights, etc.\nFuel efficiency is below average (11–13 L/100 km or 18.1–21.4 mpg city, 10–11 L/100 km or 21.4–23.5 mpg highway); the small four-cylinder engine needs to work a bit harder owing to the power to weight ratio of the vehicle, compared with today's 6-cylinder engines. The addition of the supercharger slightly improves power and gives better fuel consumption.\nThe Previa gives a practically panoramic view, excluding the pillars behind the front doors. This also turns the van into a greenhouse, accumulating extreme heat in a short period of time, although solar control glass later became an option, to help alleviate the problem.\nPrevias are affectionately called \"eggvans\", \"eggs\" or \"beans\", because of their shape. In Australia, they have been referred to as \"Wombats\", because they somewhat resemble the marsupial of the same name. In New Zealand, they are very popular with freedom campers and are referred to as \"Bucky\" buses.\nIn the United States, the first generation Previa model variations, in order of lowest to highest price/option features, are: DX, DX All-Trac, DX S/C, LE, LE All-Trac, LE S/C, LE S/C All-Trac (where S/C = Supercharged and AllTrac = 4WD)\nThe front passenger seat and a section of floor pan must be removed to perform a tune up because there is not enough room to remove spark plug leads or spark plugs.\nWhen the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tested the 1996 model in the offset frontal crash test, it revealed many safety problems: the cabin structure was unstable, the steering wheel moved upward all the way to the windshield, the lap belt tore which allowed the dummy to end up in a partially reclining position, and there were high forces on both of the lower legs, in which the IIHS evaluated it \"Poor\".[6]\nIn some countries (mainly Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom), unsold Estimas and Lucidas were re-badged as 1995/1996 Previas.","title":"First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Toyota Sienna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Sienna"},{"link_name":"FF layout","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout"},{"link_name":"Camry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camry"},{"link_name":"platform","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_K_platform"},{"link_name":"diesel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"},{"link_name":"1CD-FTV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_C_engine"},{"link_name":"2AZ-FE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_AZ_engine#2AZ-FE"},{"link_name":"manual transmission","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmission"},{"link_name":"automatic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-BK02-12"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"V6 engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V6_engine"},{"link_name":"hybrid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Previa_Dziwn%C3%B3w2.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_L_X-Limited.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_L_X-Limited_rear.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Previa_Facelift_front.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Previa_Facelift_rear.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Previa_(2nd_generation)_Cockpit_(1).JPG"}],"text":"Motor vehicleThe first generation Previa was sold outside the United States until 8 January 2000, when a newer front-wheel drive second generation replaced it. The second generation was not available in North America, as they received the Toyota Sienna. The second generation Previa had a slightly longer wheelbase (2900 mm) and was both narrower (1790 mm) and lower (1770 mm) than the first one; it switched to FF layout and was based on the Camry platform.It was produced with sliding rear passenger doors on both sides and offered space for up to six, seven or eight passengers and, as with the first generation, was sold as the Estima in Japan and as the Tarago in Australia. The range available in Australia was the GLi, GLX and Ultima.Models sold on the European markets were available with both gasoline and diesel-powered four-cylinder engines. The diesel engine was a 2.0-liter 1CD-FTV with 85 kW (116 PS) and the gasoline-powered one a 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE with 115 kW (156 PS). Both models featured a five-speed manual transmission as the part of standard equipment, while a four-speed automatic was available as an option on gasoline-powered model.[12]Australian models (known locally as ACR30R) were only available with the 2.4-liter petrol engine and a four-speed automatic.In the UK, GS, GLS and CDX trim levels were available.[13] When the facelift was introduced in June 2003, these became T2, T3 and T Spirit respectively.[14]In Japan, a 3.0-liter V6 engine and a 2.4-liter hybrid version of the Estima were available.Pre-facelift Previa (Europe)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPre-facelift Estima L (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tPre-facelift Estima L (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFacelift Previa (Europe)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFacelift Previa (Europe)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tInterior","title":"Second generation (XR30/XR40; 2000)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hybrid Synergy Drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_Synergy_Drive"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Motomachi plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motomachi_plant"},{"link_name":"Fujimatsu plant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujimatsu_plant"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75_Years_of_Toyota,_Motomachi_plant-10"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-75_Years_of_Toyota,_Toyota_Auto_Body_Co.,_Ltd.-3"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2001-2003_Toyota_Estima_Hybrid.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2001-2003_Toyota_Estima_Hybrid_rear.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Estima Hybrid","text":"The Estima Hybrid employed the Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive and used two electric motors. A 2.4-liter gasoline engine and a 13 kW (17 hp) electric motor power the front wheels, while the rear wheels are propelled by a 18 kW (24 hp) electric motor.[15] The vehicle had been on sale in Japan since June 2001. Production of the hybrid started in May 2001 at the Motomachi plant and June 2002 at the Fujimatsu plant.[10][3] It is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minivan.[16]2001–2003 Toyota Estima Hybrid\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2001–2003 Toyota Estima Hybrid","title":"Second generation (XR30/XR40; 2000)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Hybrid Synergy Drive","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_Synergy_Drive"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"G-BOOK","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-BOOK"},{"link_name":"Lane Keeping Assist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane_Keeping_Assist"},{"link_name":"Dynamic Radar Cruise Control","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Radar_Cruise_Control"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_R50_001.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2008_Toyota_Estima_Aeras.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2014_Toyota_Estima_Hybrid_2.4.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Toyota_Estima_Aeras_hybrid_E-Four.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOYOTA_PREVIA_(XR50)_China_(10).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3rdEstimainterior.jpg"}],"text":"Motor vehicleThe third-generation model was introduced in 2006 in Japanese and Australian markets as the Estima and Tarago respectively, and as the Previa in other markets. This generation was notably absent from the European market.Features include an available second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive drivetrain (only in the Japanese market), automatic parallel and reverse parking (only on Toyota Estima), Lane-Keep Assist (LKA) system which detects the lane markers on the road and steers the car on the right direction (for Estima only), Adaptive Front-Lighting System low beam headlamps which assists to light up the upcoming road around a bend, track-mounted second row reclining seats with footrests, and power-folding split third row seats (for seven-seater models). It received a minor facelift in 2009.[19] G-BOOK was added to the list of optional features. Active driver assist features such as Lane Keeping Assist and Dynamic Radar Cruise Control were offered as an option exclusively to V6 variants.In some markets such as Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota announced the 3.5-liter V6 model in January 2007, but was dropped from the lineup after its major facelift in 2016.In the Philippines, the XR50 replaced the XR40 Previa in 2009. It only comes in the 2.4L Q variant. It is powered by Toyota's 2.4L 2AZ-FE inline-four engine with VVT-i paired to a 4-speed automatic transmission.[20] It came with power sliding doors, automatic climate control, faux wood trim, 2DIN 6 CD audio system, speakers, remote keyless entry, and leather seats among other features.[21]2006 Toyota Estima Aeras (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2008 Toyota Estima Aeras (Japan)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2014 Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2013 Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFacelift Toyota Previa (China)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tInterior (pre-facelift)","title":"Third generation (XR50; 2006)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"E-Four","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Four"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Lexus RX 400h","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexus_RX_400h"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_Hybrid_(2008)_(front).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Estima_Hybrid_(2008)_(rear).jpg"}],"sub_title":"Estima Hybrid","text":"The third generation Estima Hybrid is powered by Toyota's 2.4-liter E-Four hybrid system with all-wheel drive. The hybridized Estima bears the model code AHR20 and is specifically marketed and sold exclusively in China and Japan, with limited importation to Australia.[22] It is said to be similar to that of the Lexus RX 400h, but a generation behind.[23]2008 Toyota Estima Hybrid\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t2008 Toyota Estima Hybrid","title":"Third generation (XR50; 2006)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"model code","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toyota_model_codes"},{"link_name":"2AZ-FE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_AZ_engine#2AZ-FE"},{"link_name":"inline-four engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline-four_engine"},{"link_name":"ACV40R Camry","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camry_(XV40)"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"2GR-FE","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_GR_engine#2GR-FE"},{"link_name":"V6 engine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V6_engine"},{"link_name":"GSV40R Aurion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Aurion_(XV40)"},{"link_name":"Granvia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Granvia_(H300)"},{"link_name":"HiAce","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_HiAce#H300"},{"link_name":"van","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2006-2008_Toyota_Tarago_(ACR50R)_GLX_van_(2011-11-17).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_Toyota_Tarago_(GSR50R)_GLi_van_(2018-10-01)_01.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_Toyota_Tarago_(GSR50R)_GLi_van_(2018-10-01)_02.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Tarago","text":"The Tarago was released in March 2006 bearing the ACR50R[24] model code featuring the 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE inline-four engine found in the ACV40R Camry. In February 2007, Toyota released the GSR50R[25] model with the 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 engine producing 202 kW (271 hp) and 340 N⋅m (250 ft⋅lbf) found in the GSV40R Aurion.The model received a facelift in 2009, with revisions to the headlamps and bumpers. The option of a seven-seater variant was introduced in 2008. Another update was released in 2012 with smart start as standard on all models, smart entry on GLX V6 and Ultima models, new audio systems on all models, automatic headlights and a new Rustic Brown colour option. It also received the major facelift in 2016, with updated interior and other new standard features offered, however it still bears its exterior looks mostly unchanged as with the pre-facelift design. It is available as a family van, a taxicab for regular passengers and a specially designed wheelchair accessible taxi featuring a ramp and longer wheelbase.In May 2019, Toyota revealed the Granvia, which is heavily based on the latest HiAce van. Toyota Australia confirmed the Granvia will replace the Tarago by the end of 2019, however, they were sold alongside each other for a short period of time.[26] As of March 2020, the Tarago has been discontinued in the Australian market and removed from the Toyota Australia website.Pre-facelift Toyota Tarago GLX\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFacelift Toyota Tarago GLi\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tFacelift Toyota Tarago GLi","title":"Third generation (XR50; 2006)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"daytime running lights","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime_running_lamp"},{"link_name":"Skin Cancer Foundation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_Cancer_Foundation"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOYOTA_ESTIMA_(XR50)_HONG_KONG_(3)_(cropped).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2016_toyota_estima_hybrid_aeras_smart_rear_(cropped).jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_ESTIMA_AERAS_SMART_2WD_(DBA-ACR50W-GFXVK)_interior.jpg"}],"sub_title":"Facelift (2016)","text":"The facelifted model was launched in mid-2016, its dimensions remain mostly unchanged while it receives various new additional equipment to keep up with its competitors.[27] In the interior features a redesigned multifunction steering wheel and a piano black center console that neatly houses a large touchscreen infotainment display. A new safety system \"Toyota Safety Sense C\" was offered for the first time in the facelifted Estima, but only for Japanese models. The former includes pre-collision system with pedestrian detection function, lane keep assist, high beam assist and radar cruise control.Along with the new safety features comes with slightly redesigned headlights with LED daytime running lights, tail lights, bumpers, as well as interior with updated steering wheel design, it also becomes the first Toyota to have 360 degree 99% UV cut glass preventing 99% of UV rays from entering into the vehicle creating a cooler environment overall, this 99% UV cut glass also gets a recommendation from Skin Cancer Foundation and has a SPF 50+/PA++++ rating. The Estima drops its 3.5 L V6 engine option and now only offers the 2.4 L inline-4 producing 170 PS (130 kW), and 224 N⋅m (165 ft⋅lbf) and its hybrid variant.Toyota Estima Hybrid Aeras (2016 facelift)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tToyota Estima Hybrid Aeras (2016 facelift)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tInterior (2016 facelift)","title":"Third generation (XR50; 2006)"}]
|
[{"image_text":"1997 model year Previa S/C AWD (last model year in the US)","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1997_Previa_SC_AWD.jpg/220px-1997_Previa_SC_AWD.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Takeyama, Eitaro (6 September 2019). \"トヨタ、エスティマ生産終了へ 「天才タマゴ」\" [Toyota Estima to end production]. Asahi Shimbun Digital (in Japanese). Japan. Retrieved 22 September 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM963F91M96OIPE007.html","url_text":"\"トヨタ、エスティマ生産終了へ 「天才タマゴ」\""}]},{"reference":"\"トヨタ ラインナップ | 現在販売していないクルマ | エスティマ\" [Toyota lineup | Cars not currently on sale | Estima] (in Japanese). Japan: Toyota. Retrieved 20 December 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://toyota.jp/carlineup/archive/estima/","url_text":"\"トヨタ ラインナップ | 現在販売していないクルマ | エスティマ\""}]},{"reference":"\"Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd\". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/toyota_auto_body.html","url_text":"\"Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd\""}]},{"reference":"Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha. \"US Patent D305624\". Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131104040547/http://www.ptodirect.com/Results/Patents?query=PN%2FD305624","url_text":"\"US Patent D305624\""},{"url":"http://www.ptodirect.com/Results/Patents?query=PN/D305624","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"1990–2000 Toyota Estima\". Right Drive. Canada. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2013.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120619023616/http://rightdrive.ca/cars/view/100","url_text":"\"1990–2000 Toyota Estima\""},{"url":"http://www.rightdrive.ca/cars/view/100","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Previa\". Iihs.org. 2 September 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2010.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=64","url_text":"\"IIHS-HLDI: Toyota Previa\""}]},{"reference":"\"Toyota Previa (1990–2000) used car review\". UK: RAC. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 30 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.rac.co.uk/drive/car-reviews/toyota/previa/previa-1990-2000/","url_text":"\"Toyota Previa (1990–2000) used car review\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAC_Limited","url_text":"RAC"}]},{"reference":"\"Review: Toyota Previa (1990–2000)\". UK: Honest John. Retrieved 30 November 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.honestjohn.co.uk/carbycar/toyota/previa-1990/","url_text":"\"Review: Toyota Previa (1990–2000)\""}]},{"reference":"Matras, John (April 1994). \"Supercharging to the rescue\". Popular Science.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=QriV7IuTZygC&pg=PA45","url_text":"\"Supercharging to the rescue\""}]},{"reference":"\"Motomachi Plant\". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.toyota-global.com/company/history_of_toyota/75years/data/automotive_business/production/production/japan/general_status/motomachi.html","url_text":"\"Motomachi Plant\""}]},{"reference":"\"岡本浩志\" [Okamoto Hiroshi] (in Japanese). Chiba University. 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://design-cu.jp/sakuhin_web/a/okamoto_hiroshi/index.html","url_text":"\"岡本浩志\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiba_University","url_text":"Chiba University"}]},{"reference":"Olausson, Kenneth, ed. (September 2001), Bilkatalogen 2002 (Swedish edition of German Auto Katalog) (in Swedish), Solna, Sweden: Bilinfo Print AB, pp. 286–287","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Passenger car price list January 2003\", UK: Toyota (GB), January 2003","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Previa\" (brochure), UK: Toyota (GB), July 2003","urls":[]},{"reference":"Thorp, Chris (19 August 2003). \"Toyota Estima Hybrid\". Auto Express. Retrieved 2 November 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-reviews/15576/toyota-estima-hybrid","url_text":"\"Toyota Estima Hybrid\""}]},{"reference":"Nunez, Alex (13 June 2006). \"Toyota Estima Hybrid gets a full redesign\". Autoblog Green. Retrieved 20 November 2009.","urls":[{"url":"http://green.autoblog.com/2006/06/13/toyota-estima-hybrid-gets-a-full-redesign/","url_text":"\"Toyota Estima Hybrid gets a full redesign\""}]},{"reference":"\"Japanese Production Sites\" (Press release). Japan: Toyota. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150318032552/http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/companyinformation/manufacturing","url_text":"\"Japanese Production Sites\""},{"url":"http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/corporate/companyinformation/manufacturing","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Facelifted Estima Specs (2016)\". Goo-net-Exchange.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.goo-net-exchange.com/catalog/TOYOTA__ESTIMA/#6/2016","url_text":"\"Facelifted Estima Specs (2016)\""}]},{"reference":"Tan, Paul. \"Toyota Estima receives a facelift in Japan\". Paultan.org. Retrieved 30 October 2010.","urls":[{"url":"https://paultan.org/2009/02/04/toyota-estima-receives-a-facelift-in-japan/","url_text":"\"Toyota Estima receives a facelift in Japan\""}]},{"reference":"Hermosa, Tito F. (17 August 2011). \"2011 Toyota Previa 2.4Q review\". autoindustriya.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.autoindustriya.com/car-reviews/2011-toyota-previa-2-4-q.html","url_text":"\"2011 Toyota Previa 2.4Q review\""}]},{"reference":"Banzon, Sharleen (September 2009). \"2009 Toyota Previa Review\". Top Gear Philippines.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.topgear.com.ph/drives/2009-toyota-previa-review","url_text":"\"2009 Toyota Previa Review\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Gear_Philippines","url_text":"Top Gear Philippines"}]},{"reference":"\"Toyota Estima AHR20 cars for sale or order in Australia\". Carsales. Retrieved 20 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.carsales.com.au/cars/?q=(And.Service.carsales._.(C.Make.Toyota._.(C.Model.Estima._.Series.AHR20.))_.Year.range(2007..2019).)","url_text":"\"Toyota Estima AHR20 cars for sale or order in Australia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsales","url_text":"Carsales"}]},{"reference":"Cobb, Jeff (10 September 2013). \"Toyota's Fuel-Sipping Estima And Alphard Hybrid Minivans – Off Limits For US\". Hybridcars.com. Retrieved 2 November 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.hybridcars.com/toyotas-estima-and-alphard-hybrid-minivans-off-limits-for-us/","url_text":"\"Toyota's Fuel-Sipping Estima And Alphard Hybrid Minivans – Off Limits For US\""}]},{"reference":"\"ACR50R Tarago\". GoAuto. 1 March 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.goauto.com.au/used-car-research/toyota/tarago/acr50r-tarago/2006-03-01/4685.html","url_text":"\"ACR50R Tarago\""}]},{"reference":"\"Toyota Tarago GLi GSR50R cars for sale or order in Australia\". Carsales. Retrieved 20 December 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.carsales.com.au/cars/toyota/tarago/gli-badge/gsr50r-series/","url_text":"\"Toyota Tarago GLi GSR50R cars for sale or order in Australia\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsales","url_text":"Carsales"}]},{"reference":"\"Toyota Unveils All-New Luxury Granvia | Latest News\". New Cars Toyota Australia: Prices, Service Centres, Dealers, Test Drives. Retrieved 21 May 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.toyota.com.au/news/toyota-unveils-all-new-luxury-granvia","url_text":"\"Toyota Unveils All-New Luxury Granvia | Latest News\""}]},{"reference":"\"2016 Toyota Estima facelift\". Paultan.org. Retrieved 30 June 2016.","urls":[{"url":"https://paultan.org/2016/06/06/2016-toyota-estima-facelift-officially-revealed-in-japan/","url_text":"\"2016 Toyota Estima facelift\""}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Dance_Company_Wales
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National Dance Company Wales
|
["1 The Dance House","2 Repertoire","2.1 Current repertoire","2.2 Recent repertoire","3 References"]
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National Dance Company WalesAbbreviationNDCWalesFormation1983FoundersRoy Campbell-MooreAnn SholemPurposeDance CompanyRegion served UK and InternationallyArtistic DirectorMatthew RobinsonWebsitewww.ndcwales.co.uk
National Dance Company Wales (NDCWales), originally Diversions, The Dance Company of Wales, is the national dance company of Wales. It was established in 1983 by Roy Campbell-Moore and Ann Sholem and is funded by the Arts Council of Wales. It was renamed in 2009. Matthew Robinson was appointed Artistic Director in 2021.
National Dance Company Wales is a resident company at the Wales Millennium Centre and is a contemporary dance company which performs work from established international choreographers and tours throughout the UK and abroad. Programmes of dance are presented within the format of double and triple bills.
The company also runs a wide range of participation, professional development and "engagement opportunities" for people of all ages. This includes open classes and rehearsals, dance courses, the Young Associates programme, Dance for Parkinson's and support for Wales-based choreographers.
The Dance House
The Dance HouseEntrance to the Dance HouseThe Blue Room studio
The Dance House is the home of the National Dance Company Wales in the Wales Millennium Centre. It houses two production studios, office space and a lounge area. The main production studio, the Blue Room, includes 100 tiered and retractable seats. The second studio, the Man Gwyn, provides additional rehearsal space and is fitted with ballet barres and mirrors. The Dance House is a production facility and performance space for both NDCWales productions and other dance projects.
Repertoire
Current repertoire
Waltz Choreographer: Marcos Morau (Russia)
SAY SOMETHING Choreographer: SAY - Sarah Golding and Yukiko Masui (UK)
Recent repertoire
NO SHOW Choreographer: Matthew Robinson (UK)
Fan The Flames Choreographer: Thomas Carsley (UK)
2067, Time and Time and Time Choreographer: Alexandra Waierstall (Germany)
Moving is everywhere,forever Choreographer: Faye Tan (UK)
Rygbi Choreographer: Fearghus ó Conchúir (Ireland)
Why are People Clapping Choreographer: Ed Myhill (UK)
Wild Thoughts Choreographer: Mario Bermudez Gil (Israel)
Afterimage Choreographer: Fernando Melo (Brazil)
Codi Choreographer: Anthony Matsena (UK)
Ludo Choreographer: Caroline Finn (Germany)
Revellers' Mass Choreographer: Caroline Finn (Germany)
Atalaÿ Choreographer: Mario Bermudez Gil (Spain)
Tundra Choreographer: Marcos Morau (Spain)
Folk Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
Animatorium Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
They Seek To Find The Happiness They Seem Choreographer: Lee Johnston (Australia / UK)
Parade Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
Profundis Choreographer: Roy Assaf (Israel)
The Green House Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)
Walking Mad Choreographer: Johan Inger (Sweden)
Tupet Choreographer: Alexander Ekman (Sweden)
A Mighty Wind Choreographer: Jeroen Verbruggen (Belgium)
Mythology Choreographer: Stephen Shropshire (Netherlands/USA)
Water Stories Choreographer: Stephen Petronio (USA)
Purlieus Choreographer: Lee Johnston (UK)
They Seek To Find The Happiness They Seem Choreographer: Lee Johnston (UK)
Dream Choreographer: Christopher Bruce (UK)
Noces Choreographer: Angelin Preljocaj (France)
Virtual Descent Choreographer: Eleesha Drennan (Canada)
B/olero & Black Milk Choreographer: Ohad Naharin (Israel)
Phantoms of Us Choreographer: Eleesha Drennan (Canada)
Quixoteland Choreographer: Gustavo Ramirez Sansano (Spain)
By Singing Light Choreographer: Stephen Petronio (USA)
Romance Inverse Choreographer: Itzik Galili (Israel)
THE FULL DIVERSIONS DANCE COMPANY REPERTOIRE CAN BE ACCESSED ON THE PEOPLE'S COLLECTION WALES WEBSITE (National Library of Wales).
References
^ Roy, Sanjoy (2010-02-16). "Step by step guide to dance: National Dance Company Wales". The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
^ "National Dance Company Wales". WMC. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
^ Roxelana, Anna (December 2010). "The Arts in Wales: 2011 Preview". Buzz Magazine. p. 16. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
^ "Participation". NDCWales. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
^ "NDCWales International Programme". WMC. Archived from the original on 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
vteDance companies in the United KingdomBallet
Ballet Cymru
Birmingham Royal Ballet
English National Ballet
London Children's Ballet
Northern Ballet
Royal Ballet
Scottish Ballet
Contemporary
Candoco
DV8 Physical Theatre
Motionhouse
National Dance Company Wales
New Adventures
Phoenix Dance Theatre
Rambert Dance Company
Richard Alston Dance Company
Scottish Dance Theatre
Shobana Jeyasingh Dance Company
Siobhan Davies Dance Company
Studio Wayne McGregor
Authority control databases International
VIAF
National
United States
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales"},{"link_name":"Roy Campbell-Moore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Campbell-Moore"},{"link_name":"Arts Council of Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_Council_of_Wales"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Guardian-1"},{"link_name":"Wales Millennium Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre"},{"link_name":"contemporary dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_dance"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"National Dance Company Wales (NDCWales), originally Diversions, The Dance Company of Wales, is the national dance company of Wales. It was established in 1983 by Roy Campbell-Moore and Ann Sholem and is funded by the Arts Council of Wales.[1] It was renamed in 2009. Matthew Robinson was appointed Artistic Director in 2021.National Dance Company Wales is a resident company at the Wales Millennium Centre and is a contemporary dance company which performs work from established international choreographers and tours throughout the UK and abroad.[2] Programmes of dance are presented within the format of double and triple bills.The company also runs a wide range of participation, professional development and \"engagement opportunities\" for people of all ages. This includes open classes and rehearsals, dance courses,[3] the Young Associates programme,[4] Dance for Parkinson's and support for Wales-based choreographers.","title":"National Dance Company Wales"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dance_House,_WMV.JPG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NDCWales_Studio_-_The_Blue_Room_(thumbnail).jpg"},{"link_name":"Wales Millennium Centre","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_Millennium_Centre"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"}],"text":"The Dance HouseEntrance to the Dance HouseThe Blue Room studioThe Dance House is the home of the National Dance Company Wales in the Wales Millennium Centre. It houses two production studios, office space and a lounge area. The main production studio, the Blue Room, includes 100 tiered and retractable seats. The second studio, the Man Gwyn, provides additional rehearsal space and is fitted with ballet barres and mirrors. The Dance House is a production facility[5] and performance space for both NDCWales productions and other dance projects.","title":"The Dance House"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Repertoire"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Current repertoire","text":"Waltz Choreographer: Marcos Morau (Russia)SAY SOMETHING Choreographer: SAY - Sarah Golding and Yukiko Masui (UK)","title":"Repertoire"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Alexander Ekman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Ekman"}],"sub_title":"Recent repertoire","text":"NO SHOW Choreographer: Matthew Robinson (UK)\nFan The Flames Choreographer: Thomas Carsley (UK)\n2067, Time and Time and Time Choreographer: Alexandra Waierstall (Germany)\nMoving is everywhere,forever Choreographer: Faye Tan (UK)\nRygbi Choreographer: Fearghus ó Conchúir (Ireland)\nWhy are People Clapping Choreographer: Ed Myhill (UK)\nWild Thoughts Choreographer: Mario Bermudez Gil (Israel)\nAfterimage Choreographer: Fernando Melo (Brazil)\nCodi Choreographer: Anthony Matsena (UK)\nLudo Choreographer: Caroline Finn (Germany)\nRevellers' Mass Choreographer: Caroline Finn (Germany)\nAtalaÿ Choreographer: Mario Bermudez Gil (Spain)\nTundra Choreographer: Marcos Morau (Spain)\nFolk Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)\nAnimatorium Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)\nThey Seek To Find The Happiness They Seem Choreographer: Lee Johnston (Australia / UK)\nParade Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)\nProfundis Choreographer: Roy Assaf (Israel)\nThe Green House Choreographer: Caroline Finn (UK)\nWalking Mad Choreographer: Johan Inger (Sweden)\nTupet Choreographer: Alexander Ekman (Sweden)\nA Mighty Wind Choreographer: Jeroen Verbruggen (Belgium)\nMythology Choreographer: Stephen Shropshire (Netherlands/USA)\nWater Stories Choreographer: Stephen Petronio (USA)\nPurlieus Choreographer: Lee Johnston (UK)\nThey Seek To Find The Happiness They Seem Choreographer: Lee Johnston (UK)\nDream Choreographer: Christopher Bruce (UK)\nNoces Choreographer: Angelin Preljocaj (France)\nVirtual Descent Choreographer: Eleesha Drennan (Canada)\nB/olero & Black Milk Choreographer: Ohad Naharin (Israel)\nPhantoms of Us Choreographer: Eleesha Drennan (Canada)\nQuixoteland Choreographer: Gustavo Ramirez Sansano (Spain)\nBy Singing Light Choreographer: Stephen Petronio (USA)\nRomance Inverse Choreographer: Itzik Galili (Israel)THE FULL DIVERSIONS DANCE COMPANY REPERTOIRE CAN BE ACCESSED ON THE PEOPLE'S COLLECTION WALES WEBSITE (National Library of Wales).","title":"Repertoire"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Roy, Sanjoy (2010-02-16). \"Step by step guide to dance: National Dance Company Wales\". The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-03-14.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2010/feb/16/national-dance-company-wales","url_text":"\"Step by step guide to dance: National Dance Company Wales\""}]},{"reference":"\"National Dance Company Wales\". WMC. Retrieved 2011-11-04.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.wmc.org.uk/residents/ndcw/","url_text":"\"National Dance Company Wales\""}]},{"reference":"Roxelana, Anna (December 2010). \"The Arts in Wales: 2011 Preview\". Buzz Magazine. p. 16. Retrieved 2011-03-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://content.yudu.com/Library/A1q3bg/BuzzMagazineDec2010J/resources/16.htm","url_text":"\"The Arts in Wales: 2011 Preview\""}]},{"reference":"\"Participation\". NDCWales. Retrieved 2011-03-14.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ndcwales.co.uk/participation/","url_text":"\"Participation\""}]},{"reference":"\"NDCWales International Programme\". WMC. Archived from the original on 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2011-03-21.","urls":[{"url":"https://archive.today/20101202064727/http://www.wmc.org.uk/index.cfm?alias=ndcw2010","url_text":"\"NDCWales International Programme\""},{"url":"http://www.wmc.org.uk/index.cfm?alias=ndcw2010","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(disambiguation)
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William Anderson
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["1 Arts and entertainment","1.1 Music","1.2 Writing","2 Law and politics","2.1 Australia","2.2 Canada","2.3 U.S.","2.4 Elsewhere","3 Medicine","4 Military","5 Religion","6 Science","7 Sports","7.1 Baseball","7.2 Cricket","7.3 Football","7.4 Other sports","8 Other uses","9 See also"]
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William Anderson may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
William Anderson (artist) (1757–1837), painter of marine and historical paintings
William Anderson (theatre) (1868–1940), Australian stage entrepreneur
William Anderson (1911–1986), American actor, better known as Leif Erickson
Bill Anderson (producer) (1911–1997), American producer
William West Anderson (1928–2017), known as Adam West, American actor, played Batman from 1966 to 1968
William M. Anderson (born 1948), film editor
Wil Anderson (born 1974), Australian comedian
Will Anderson (animator), Scottish film animator
Music
W. H. Anderson (1882–1955), Canadian composer, choir director, singer, and voice teacher
William K. Anderson, background music composer for My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
Cat Anderson (William Alonzo Anderson, 1916–1981), American jazz trumpeter
Bill Anderson (singer) (born 1937), American country music singer, songwriter, and game show host
William Anderson (guitarist) (born 1962), American classical guitarist and composer
Will Anderson (singer) (born 1986), lead vocalist in the band Parachute
Writing
William Anderson (bookseller) (1743–1830), bookseller and five times Provost of Stirling
William Anderson (Scottish writer) (1805–1866), Scottish writer, poet, editor and author of The Scottish Nation
William J. Anderson (1811–?), American slave and author
William Charles Anderson (1920–2003), American author
William Anderson (American writer) (born 1952), American biographer, specializing on Laura Ingalls Wilder
Law and politics
Australia
William Anderson (Victorian politician, born 1828) (1828–1909), Scottish-born Victorian colonial politician, member for Villiers and Heytesbury
William Anderson (Victorian politician, born 1853) (1853–1898), Victorian colonial politician for Creswick, and Windermere
William Anderson (Tasmanian politician) (1904–1990), Australian politician from Tasmania
William Acland Douglas Anderson (1829–1882), English-born politician and goldfields commissioner in colonial Victoria, Australia
Canada
William Stafford Anderson (1884–1980), politician in New Brunswick, Canada
William Anderson (Ontario MPP) (1822–1897), Canadian politician
William Anderson (Ontario MP) (1905–1961), member of Canadian House of Commons for Waterloo South electoral district
U.S.
William Anderson (Pennsylvania politician) (1762–1829), U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania
William Anderson (Vermont politician) (1874–1959), member of the Vermont House of Representatives
William Marshall Anderson (1807–1881), American scholar, explorer and politician
William Clayton Anderson (1826–1861), U.S. Representative from Kentucky
William B. Anderson (1830–1901), U.S. Representative from Illinois
William Alexander Anderson (1842–1930), Virginia lawyer and politician
William Coleman Anderson (1853–1902), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
William Dozier Anderson (1862–1952), Mississippi Supreme Court Justice
William Gilbert Anderson (1860–1947), American pioneer of physical education
William A. Anderson (1873–1954), mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota
William Hamilton Anderson (1874–c. 1959), superintendent of the New York Anti-Saloon League
William Anderson (naval officer) (1921–2007), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
Bill Anderson (West Virginia politician) (born 1948), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates
Bill Anderson (Iowa politician) (born 1977), Republican politician and legislator from the state of Iowa
Bill Anderson (Ohio politician), former member of the Ohio House of Representatives
Elsewhere
William Spencer Anderson (c. 1832–1872), American-born Liberian politician and explorer
William Anderson (British politician) (1877–1919), British socialist politician
William Anderson (New Zealand politician) (1888–1978), mayor of Queenstown, New Zealand
Medicine
William Anderson (collector) (1842–1900), British surgeon and collector of Japanese art who first described Anderson-Fabry disease
William G. Anderson (born 1927), American physician and social activist
William Wallace Anderson, medical doctor involved in architecture of rammed earth construction in South Carolina
Military
William Anderson (1820–1848), British Army lieutenant with the 1st Bombay Fusiliers whose murder affected the Second Anglo-Sikh War
William T. Anderson (1840–1864), American Civil War guerrilla commander, known as "Bloody Bill"
William Anderson (Medal of Honor) (1852–1908), American sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
William Herbert Anderson (1881–1918), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross
William Anderson (VC) (1885–1915), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross
William Anderson (RAAF officer) (1891–1975), Australian air marshal
Maurice Anderson (1908–1986), often known as Bill Anderson, British Army medical officer
William Anderson (Canadian Army officer) (1915–2000), Canadian general
William Anderson (naval officer) (1921–2007), commander of the first nuclear submarine
William Y. Anderson (1921–2011), Swedish American fighter ace of World War II
William C. Anderson (Air Force) (born 1958), Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 2005–2008
William Lovett Anderson (1906–2004), United States Navy submarine commander
Religion
William Anderson (died 1543), one of the Perth Martyrs
William Anderson (missionary) (1769–1852), English-Anglican missionary to South Africa
William Anderson (minister) (1799–1873), Scottish theological writer and preacher
William F. Anderson (bishop) (1860–1944), American Methodist bishop
William Harrison Anderson (1870–1950), American Seventh-Day Adventist missionary to Africa
William Anderson (bishop of Salisbury) (1892–1972), Anglican Bishop of Croydon, of Portsmouth and of Salisbury, England
William Anderson (bishop of Caledonia) (born 1950), Canadian Anglican bishop since 2001
William White Anderson (1888–1956), Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Science
William Anderson (naturalist) (1750–1778), naturalist on Captain Cook's third voyage (1776–1780)
William Anderson (horticulturist) (1766–1846), Scottish horticulturist
William James Anderson (1812–1873), Scottish physician who emigrated to Canada
William Anderson (engineer) (1835–1898), British engineer and philanthropist
William Henry Anderson (1908–1997), American entomologist
William French Anderson (born 1936), American geneticist and molecular biologist
Sports
Baseball
Bill Anderson (1880s pitcher) (1865–1936), American Major League Baseball player
Bill Anderson (1920s pitcher) (1895–1983), American Major League Baseball player
Bill Anderson (1940s pitcher) (1913–?), American Negro league baseball player
Bill Anderson (outfielder), American Negro league baseball player
Cricket
William Anderson (cricket umpire) (1910–1975), South African Test match umpire in two games
William Anderson (cricketer, born 1859) (1859–1943), French Olympic silver medal-winning cricketer
William Anderson (cricketer, born 1871) (1871–1948), English cricketer
William Anderson (cricketer, born 1880) (1880–1958), English cricketer and British Indian Army officer
William Anderson (cricketer, born 1909) (1909–1975), English cricketer
William Anderson (Scottish cricketer) (1894–1973), Scottish cricketer from Fife
Football
Bill Anderson (American football, born 1921) (1921–1984), American football end
Bill Anderson (American football, born 1925) (1925–2013), head football coach at Howard Payne University
Bill Anderson (American football, born 1936) (1936–2017), American football tight end
Bill Anderson (American football, born 1947), head football coach at North Park University and Illinois College
Billy Anderson (quarterback) (1941–1996), led NCAA in passing in 1965
Bill Anderson (footballer, born 1878) (1878–1915), Australian rules footballer for St Kilda
Bill Anderson (footballer, born 1911) (1911–1971), Australian rules footballer for Geelong
Bill Anderson (English footballer) (1913–1986), manager of Football League side Lincoln City, 1946–1965
Will Anderson (fullback) (1897–1982), American football player
Will Anderson Jr. (born 2001), American football player
William Anderson (English footballer) (1861–1903), English footballer
William Anderson (Scottish footballer) (c. 1860–?), Scottish footballer
Willie Anderson (footballer) (born 1947), English footballer for Aston Villa, Cardiff City
Tim Anderson (defensive back) (William Tim Anderson, born 1949), American football defensive back
Other sports
Red Anderson (ice hockey) (Bill Anderson, 1910–1991), Canadian ice hockey player
William Anderson (rugby union) (died 1892), New Zealand rugby union player
William Anderson (ice hockey) (1901–1983), British ice hockey player who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics
Bill Anderson (strongman) (1937–2019), Scottish sportsman
William Anderson (cyclist) (1888–1928), Canadian Olympic cyclist
Bill Anderson (coach) (1891–1969), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
William Anderson (athlete) (died 1915), Irish athlete
Will Anderson (Scrabble player) (born 1984), American Scrabble player
Other uses
Chief William Anderson, namesake of Anderson, Indiana
William Caldwell Anderson (1804–1870), president of Miami University
William Anderson (judge) (1847–1908), British barrister and colonial judge
William P. Anderson (1851–1927), Canadian civil engineer
W. B. Anderson (1877–1959), Scottish classicist and academic
William Anderson (political scientist) (1888–1975), professor at University of Minnesota
William S. Anderson (1919–2021), president and chairman of the National Cash Register Corp, 1972–1984
William M. Anderson Jr. (born 1942), American academic and education administrator
Eric Anderson (teacher) (William Kinloch Anderson, 1936–2020), Provost of Eton College, 2000–2009
See also
Bill Andersen (politician) (born 1936), 1988 Republican candidate from Tennessee for the U.S. Senate
Bill Andersen (1924–2005), New Zealand communist and trade union leader
Billy Anderson (disambiguation)
Willie Anderson (disambiguation)
Topics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
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Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Anderson"},{"link_name":"Wil Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wil_Anderson"},{"link_name":"Will Anderson (animator)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Anderson_(animator)"}],"text":"William Anderson (artist) (1757–1837), painter of marine and historical paintings\nWilliam Anderson (theatre) (1868–1940), Australian stage entrepreneur\nWilliam Anderson (1911–1986), American actor, better known as Leif Erickson\nBill Anderson (producer) (1911–1997), American producer\nWilliam West Anderson (1928–2017), known as Adam West, American actor, played Batman from 1966 to 1968\nWilliam M. Anderson (born 1948), film editor\nWil Anderson (born 1974), Australian comedian\nWill Anderson (animator), Scottish film animator","title":"Arts and entertainment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"W. H. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._H._Anderson"},{"link_name":"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic"},{"link_name":"Cat Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Anderson"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (singer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(singer)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (guitarist)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(guitarist)"},{"link_name":"Will Anderson (singer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Anderson_(singer)"}],"sub_title":"Music","text":"W. H. Anderson (1882–1955), Canadian composer, choir director, singer, and voice teacher\nWilliam K. Anderson, background music composer for My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\nCat Anderson (William Alonzo Anderson, 1916–1981), American jazz trumpeter\nBill Anderson (singer) (born 1937), American country music singer, songwriter, and game show host\nWilliam Anderson (guitarist) (born 1962), American classical guitarist and composer\nWill Anderson (singer) (born 1986), lead vocalist in the band Parachute","title":"Arts and entertainment"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Anderson (bookseller)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(bookseller)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Scottish writer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Scottish_writer)"},{"link_name":"William J. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Charles Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Charles_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (American writer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(American_writer)"}],"sub_title":"Writing","text":"William Anderson (bookseller) (1743–1830), bookseller and five times Provost of Stirling\nWilliam Anderson (Scottish writer) (1805–1866), Scottish writer, poet, editor and author of The Scottish Nation\nWilliam J. Anderson (1811–?), American slave and author\nWilliam Charles Anderson (1920–2003), American author\nWilliam Anderson (American writer) (born 1952), American biographer, specializing on Laura Ingalls Wilder","title":"Arts and entertainment"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Law and politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Anderson (Victorian politician, born 1828)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Victorian_politician,_born_1828)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Victorian politician, born 1853)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Victorian_politician,_born_1853)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Tasmanian politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Tasmanian_politician)"},{"link_name":"William Acland Douglas Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Acland_Douglas_Anderson"}],"sub_title":"Australia","text":"William Anderson (Victorian politician, born 1828) (1828–1909), Scottish-born Victorian colonial politician, member for Villiers and Heytesbury\nWilliam Anderson (Victorian politician, born 1853) (1853–1898), Victorian colonial politician for Creswick, and Windermere\nWilliam Anderson (Tasmanian politician) (1904–1990), Australian politician from Tasmania\nWilliam Acland Douglas Anderson (1829–1882), English-born politician and goldfields commissioner in colonial Victoria, Australia","title":"Law and politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Stafford Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stafford_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Ontario MPP)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Ontario_MPP)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Ontario MP)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Ontario_MP)"}],"sub_title":"Canada","text":"William Stafford Anderson (1884–1980), politician in New Brunswick, Canada\nWilliam Anderson (Ontario MPP) (1822–1897), Canadian politician\nWilliam Anderson (Ontario MP) (1905–1961), member of Canadian House of Commons for Waterloo South electoral district","title":"Law and politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Anderson (Pennsylvania politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Pennsylvania_politician)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Vermont politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Vermont_politician)"},{"link_name":"William Marshall Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Marshall_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Clayton Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clayton_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William B. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Alexander Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Alexander_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Coleman Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Coleman_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Dozier Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dozier_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Gilbert Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilbert_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William A. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Hamilton Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hamilton_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (naval officer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(naval_officer)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (West Virginia politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(West_Virginia_politician)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (Iowa politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(Iowa_politician)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (Ohio politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(Ohio_politician)"}],"sub_title":"U.S.","text":"William Anderson (Pennsylvania politician) (1762–1829), U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania\nWilliam Anderson (Vermont politician) (1874–1959), member of the Vermont House of Representatives\nWilliam Marshall Anderson (1807–1881), American scholar, explorer and politician\nWilliam Clayton Anderson (1826–1861), U.S. Representative from Kentucky\nWilliam B. Anderson (1830–1901), U.S. Representative from Illinois\nWilliam Alexander Anderson (1842–1930), Virginia lawyer and politician\nWilliam Coleman Anderson (1853–1902), U.S. Representative from Tennessee\nWilliam Dozier Anderson (1862–1952), Mississippi Supreme Court Justice\nWilliam Gilbert Anderson (1860–1947), American pioneer of physical education\nWilliam A. Anderson (1873–1954), mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota\nWilliam Hamilton Anderson (1874–c. 1959), superintendent of the New York Anti-Saloon League\nWilliam Anderson (naval officer) (1921–2007), U.S. Representative from Tennessee\nBill Anderson (West Virginia politician) (born 1948), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates\nBill Anderson (Iowa politician) (born 1977), Republican politician and legislator from the state of Iowa\nBill Anderson (Ohio politician), former member of the Ohio House of Representatives","title":"Law and politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Spencer Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Spencer_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (British politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(British_politician)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (New Zealand politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(New_Zealand_politician)"}],"sub_title":"Elsewhere","text":"William Spencer Anderson (c. 1832–1872), American-born Liberian politician and explorer\nWilliam Anderson (British politician) (1877–1919), British socialist politician\nWilliam Anderson (New Zealand politician) (1888–1978), mayor of Queenstown, New Zealand","title":"Law and politics"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Anderson (collector)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(collector)"},{"link_name":"William G. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Wallace Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wallace_Anderson"}],"text":"William Anderson (collector) (1842–1900), British surgeon and collector of Japanese art who first described Anderson-Fabry disease\nWilliam G. Anderson (born 1927), American physician and social activist\nWilliam Wallace Anderson, medical doctor involved in architecture of rammed earth construction in South Carolina","title":"Medicine"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Second Anglo-Sikh War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War"},{"link_name":"William T. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_T._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Medal of Honor)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Medal_of_Honor)"},{"link_name":"William Herbert Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Herbert_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (VC)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(VC)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (RAAF officer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(RAAF_officer)"},{"link_name":"Maurice Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Canadian Army officer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Canadian_Army_officer)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (naval officer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(naval_officer)"},{"link_name":"William Y. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Y._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William C. Anderson (Air Force)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_C._Anderson_(Air_Force)"},{"link_name":"William Lovett Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lovett_Anderson"}],"text":"William Anderson (1820–1848), British Army lieutenant with the 1st Bombay Fusiliers whose murder affected the Second Anglo-Sikh War\nWilliam T. Anderson (1840–1864), American Civil War guerrilla commander, known as \"Bloody Bill\"\nWilliam Anderson (Medal of Honor) (1852–1908), American sailor and Medal of Honor recipient\nWilliam Herbert Anderson (1881–1918), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross\nWilliam Anderson (VC) (1885–1915), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross\nWilliam Anderson (RAAF officer) (1891–1975), Australian air marshal\nMaurice Anderson (1908–1986), often known as Bill Anderson, British Army medical officer\nWilliam Anderson (Canadian Army officer) (1915–2000), Canadian general\nWilliam Anderson (naval officer) (1921–2007), commander of the first nuclear submarine\nWilliam Y. Anderson (1921–2011), Swedish American fighter ace of World War II\nWilliam C. Anderson (Air Force) (born 1958), Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 2005–2008\nWilliam Lovett Anderson (1906–2004), United States Navy submarine commander","title":"Military"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Perth Martyrs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Martyrs"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (missionary)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(missionary)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (minister)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(minister)"},{"link_name":"William F. Anderson (bishop)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Anderson_(bishop)"},{"link_name":"William Harrison Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harrison_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (bishop of Salisbury)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(bishop_of_Salisbury)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (bishop of Caledonia)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(bishop_of_Caledonia)"},{"link_name":"William White Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_White_Anderson"}],"text":"William Anderson (died 1543), one of the Perth Martyrs\nWilliam Anderson (missionary) (1769–1852), English-Anglican missionary to South Africa\nWilliam Anderson (minister) (1799–1873), Scottish theological writer and preacher\nWilliam F. Anderson (bishop) (1860–1944), American Methodist bishop\nWilliam Harrison Anderson (1870–1950), American Seventh-Day Adventist missionary to Africa\nWilliam Anderson (bishop of Salisbury) (1892–1972), Anglican Bishop of Croydon, of Portsmouth and of Salisbury, England\nWilliam Anderson (bishop of Caledonia) (born 1950), Canadian Anglican bishop since 2001\nWilliam White Anderson (1888–1956), Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland","title":"Religion"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Anderson (naturalist)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(naturalist)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (horticulturist)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(horticulturist)"},{"link_name":"William James Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (engineer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(engineer)"},{"link_name":"William Henry Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William French Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_French_Anderson"}],"text":"William Anderson (naturalist) (1750–1778), naturalist on Captain Cook's third voyage (1776–1780)\nWilliam Anderson (horticulturist) (1766–1846), Scottish horticulturist\nWilliam James Anderson (1812–1873), Scottish physician who emigrated to Canada\nWilliam Anderson (engineer) (1835–1898), British engineer and philanthropist\nWilliam Henry Anderson (1908–1997), American entomologist\nWilliam French Anderson (born 1936), American geneticist and molecular biologist","title":"Science"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Sports"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (1880s pitcher)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(1880s_pitcher)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (1920s pitcher)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(1920s_pitcher)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (1940s pitcher)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(1940s_pitcher)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (outfielder)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(outfielder)"}],"sub_title":"Baseball","text":"Bill Anderson (1880s pitcher) (1865–1936), American Major League Baseball player\nBill Anderson (1920s pitcher) (1895–1983), American Major League Baseball player\nBill Anderson (1940s pitcher) (1913–?), American Negro league baseball player\nBill Anderson (outfielder), American Negro league baseball player","title":"Sports"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"William Anderson (cricket umpire)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(cricket_umpire)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (cricketer, born 1859)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(cricketer,_born_1859)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (cricketer, born 1871)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(cricketer,_born_1871)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (cricketer, born 1880)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(cricketer,_born_1880)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (cricketer, born 1909)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(cricketer,_born_1909)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Scottish cricketer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Scottish_cricketer)"}],"sub_title":"Cricket","text":"William Anderson (cricket umpire) (1910–1975), South African Test match umpire in two games\nWilliam Anderson (cricketer, born 1859) (1859–1943), French Olympic silver medal-winning cricketer\nWilliam Anderson (cricketer, born 1871) (1871–1948), English cricketer\nWilliam Anderson (cricketer, born 1880) (1880–1958), English cricketer and British Indian Army officer\nWilliam Anderson (cricketer, born 1909) (1909–1975), English cricketer\nWilliam Anderson (Scottish cricketer) (1894–1973), Scottish cricketer from Fife","title":"Sports"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (American football, born 1921)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(American_football,_born_1921)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (American football, born 1925)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(American_football,_born_1925)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (American football, born 1936)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(American_football,_born_1936)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (American football, born 1947)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(American_football,_born_1947)"},{"link_name":"Billy Anderson (quarterback)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Anderson_(quarterback)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (footballer, born 1878)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(footballer,_born_1878)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (footballer, born 1911)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(footballer,_born_1911)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (English footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(English_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Will Anderson (fullback)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Anderson_(fullback)"},{"link_name":"Will Anderson Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Anderson_Jr."},{"link_name":"William Anderson (English footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(English_footballer)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (Scottish footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(Scottish_footballer)"},{"link_name":"Willie Anderson (footballer)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Anderson_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Tim Anderson (defensive back)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Anderson_(defensive_back)"}],"sub_title":"Football","text":"Bill Anderson (American football, born 1921) (1921–1984), American football end\nBill Anderson (American football, born 1925) (1925–2013), head football coach at Howard Payne University\nBill Anderson (American football, born 1936) (1936–2017), American football tight end\nBill Anderson (American football, born 1947), head football coach at North Park University and Illinois College\nBilly Anderson (quarterback) (1941–1996), led NCAA in passing in 1965\nBill Anderson (footballer, born 1878) (1878–1915), Australian rules footballer for St Kilda\nBill Anderson (footballer, born 1911) (1911–1971), Australian rules footballer for Geelong\nBill Anderson (English footballer) (1913–1986), manager of Football League side Lincoln City, 1946–1965\nWill Anderson (fullback) (1897–1982), American football player\nWill Anderson Jr. (born 2001), American football player\nWilliam Anderson (English footballer) (1861–1903), English footballer\nWilliam Anderson (Scottish footballer) (c. 1860–?), Scottish footballer\nWillie Anderson (footballer) (born 1947), English footballer for Aston Villa, Cardiff City\nTim Anderson (defensive back) (William Tim Anderson, born 1949), American football defensive back","title":"Sports"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Red Anderson (ice hockey)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Anderson_(ice_hockey)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (rugby union)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(rugby_union)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (ice hockey)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(ice_hockey)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (strongman)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(strongman)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (cyclist)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(cyclist)"},{"link_name":"Bill Anderson (coach)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Anderson_(coach)"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (athlete)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(athlete)"},{"link_name":"Will Anderson (Scrabble player)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Anderson_(Scrabble_player)"}],"sub_title":"Other sports","text":"Red Anderson (ice hockey) (Bill Anderson, 1910–1991), Canadian ice hockey player\nWilliam Anderson (rugby union) (died 1892), New Zealand rugby union player\nWilliam Anderson (ice hockey) (1901–1983), British ice hockey player who competed in the 1924 Winter Olympics\nBill Anderson (strongman) (1937–2019), Scottish sportsman\nWilliam Anderson (cyclist) (1888–1928), Canadian Olympic cyclist\nBill Anderson (coach) (1891–1969), American football, basketball, and baseball coach\nWilliam Anderson (athlete) (died 1915), Irish athlete\nWill Anderson (Scrabble player) (born 1984), American Scrabble player","title":"Sports"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Chief William Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_William_Anderson"},{"link_name":"Anderson, Indiana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson,_Indiana"},{"link_name":"William Caldwell Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Caldwell_Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (judge)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(judge)"},{"link_name":"William P. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P._Anderson"},{"link_name":"W. B. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._B._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William Anderson (political scientist)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Anderson_(political_scientist)"},{"link_name":"William S. Anderson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Anderson"},{"link_name":"William M. Anderson Jr.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Anderson_Jr."},{"link_name":"Eric Anderson (teacher)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Anderson_(teacher)"}],"text":"Chief William Anderson, namesake of Anderson, Indiana\nWilliam Caldwell Anderson (1804–1870), president of Miami University\nWilliam Anderson (judge) (1847–1908), British barrister and colonial judge\nWilliam P. Anderson (1851–1927), Canadian civil engineer\nW. B. Anderson (1877–1959), Scottish classicist and academic\nWilliam Anderson (political scientist) (1888–1975), professor at University of Minnesota\nWilliam S. Anderson (1919–2021), president and chairman of the National Cash Register Corp, 1972–1984\nWilliam M. Anderson Jr. (born 1942), American academic and education administrator\nEric Anderson (teacher) (William Kinloch Anderson, 1936–2020), Provost of Eton College, 2000–2009","title":"Other uses"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Bill Andersen (politician)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Andersen_(politician)"},{"title":"Bill Andersen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Andersen"},{"title":"Billy Anderson (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Anderson_(disambiguation)"},{"title":"Willie Anderson (disambiguation)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Anderson_(disambiguation)"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disambig_gray.svg"},{"title":"disambiguation","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Disambiguation"},{"title":"internal link","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/William_Anderson&namespace=0"}]
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[]
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[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/William_Anderson&namespace=0","external_links_name":"internal link"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Ferri
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Luigi Ferri
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[]
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Italian philosopher (1826-1895)
Luigi Ferri (June 15, 1826 – 1895) was an Italian philosopher born in Bologna.
His education was obtained mainly at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where his father, a painter and architect, was engaged in the construction of the Théâtre Italien. From his twenty-fifth year he began to lecture in the colleges of Évreux, Dieppe, Blois and Toulouse. Later, he was lecturer at Annecy and Casal-Montferrat, and became head of the education department under Mamiani in 1860.
Three years later he was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the Istituto di Perfezionamento at Florence, and, in 1871, was made professor of philosophy in the University of Rome La Sapienza. On the death of Mamiani in 1885 he became editor of the Filosofia delle scuole italiane, whose title he changed to Rivista italiana di filosofia. He wrote both on psychology and on metaphysics, but is known especially as a historian of philosophy.
His original work is eclectic, combining the psychology of his teachers, Jules Simon, Saisset and Mamiani, with the idealism of Rosmini and Gioberti. Among his works may be mentioned:
Studii sulla coscienza
Il Fenomeno nelle sue relazioni con la sensazione
Della idea del vera
Della filosofia del diritto presso Aristotile (1885)
Il Genio di Aristotile
La Psicologia di Pietro Pomponazzi (1877)
most important, Essai sur l'histoire de la philosophie en Italie au XIX' siècle (Paris, 1869)
La Psychologie de l'association depuis Hobbes jusqu'à nos jours
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ferri, Luigi". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Authority control databases International
FAST
ISNI
VIAF
WorldCat
National
France
BnF data
Catalonia
Germany
Italy
Israel
United States
Netherlands
Poland
Vatican
People
Italian People
Deutsche Biographie
Other
SNAC
IdRef
|
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From his twenty-fifth year he began to lecture in the colleges of Évreux, Dieppe, Blois and Toulouse. Later, he was lecturer at Annecy and Casal-Montferrat, and became head of the education department under Mamiani in 1860.Three years later he was appointed to the chair of philosophy at the Istituto di Perfezionamento at Florence, and, in 1871, was made professor of philosophy in the University of Rome La Sapienza. On the death of Mamiani in 1885 he became editor of the Filosofia delle scuole italiane, whose title he changed to Rivista italiana di filosofia. He wrote both on psychology and on metaphysics, but is known especially as a historian of philosophy.His original work is eclectic, combining the psychology of his teachers, Jules Simon, Saisset and Mamiani, with the idealism of Rosmini and Gioberti. Among his works may be mentioned:Studii sulla coscienza\nIl Fenomeno nelle sue relazioni con la sensazione\nDella idea del vera\nDella filosofia del diritto presso Aristotile (1885)\nIl Genio di Aristotile\nLa Psicologia di Pietro Pomponazzi (1877)\nmost important, Essai sur l'histoire de la philosophie en Italie au XIX' siècle (Paris, 1869)\nLa Psychologie de l'association depuis Hobbes jusqu'à nos joursThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Ferri, Luigi\". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.Authority control databases International\nFAST\nISNI\nVIAF\nWorldCat\nNational\nFrance\nBnF data\nCatalonia\nGermany\nItaly\nIsrael\nUnited States\nNetherlands\nPoland\nVatican\nPeople\nItalian People\nDeutsche Biographie\nOther\nSNAC\nIdRef","title":"Luigi Ferri"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souq_Wadi_Barada
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Souq Wadi Barada
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["1 See also","2 References","3 Bibliography"]
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Coordinates: 33°37′27″N 36°6′20″E / 33.62417°N 36.10556°E / 33.62417; 36.10556Village in Syria
Village in Rif Dimashq Governorate, SyriaSouq Wadi Barada
سوق وادي بردىVillageRoman bridge by Souq Wadi Barada, by Felix BonfilsSouq Wadi BaradaLocation in SyriaCoordinates: 33°37′27″N 36°6′20″E / 33.62417°N 36.10556°E / 33.62417; 36.10556Country SyriaGovernorateRif Dimashq GovernorateDistrictAl-Zabadani DistrictNahiyahAl-ZabadaniPopulation (2004 census) • Total3,678Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Souq Wadi Barada (Arabic: سوق وادي بردى) also spelled Suq Wadi Barada is a Syrian village in the Al-Zabadani District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Souq Wadi Barada had a population of 3,678 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
See also
Siege of Wadi Barada
Abila Lysaniou
References
^ a b General Census of Population and Housing 2004 Archived 2013-01-13 at archive.today. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Rif Dimashq Governorate. (in Arabic)
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 147
Bibliography
Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
vte Rif Dimashq GovernorateMarkaz Rif Dimashq DistrictKiswahSubdistrict
Al-Kiswah
Al-Adiliyah
Arkis
Deir Ali
Deir Khabiyah
Ayn al-Bayda
Ayn al-Souda
Al-Horjelah
Jeb as-Safa
Khan Dannun
Khirbet al-Shiyab
Khiyarat Dannun
Marana
Matahriyeh
Morjana
Muqaylibah
Qara
Saada
Shaqhab
al-Taybah
Um al-Awamid
Zakiyah
Zureiqiya
BabbilaSubdistrict
Babbila
Aqraba
al-Bahdaliyah
Beit Sahem
Buwayda
Hujayrah
Hawsh Sahiya
Khirbet al-Ward
Maalaqa
Najha
Al-Sitt
Al-Sabinah
Yalda
JaramanaSubdistrict
Jaramana
MalihahSubdistrict
Al-Malihah
Ahdaf
Deir al-Asafir
Hawsh al-Sultan
Hutaytet al-Turkman
Shabaa
Zabdin
Sahba
Kafr BatnaSubdistrict
Kafr Batna
Beit Sawa
Aftris
Hamouriyah
Hizzah
Jisrin
Saqba
ArbinSubdistrict
Arbin
Ein Tarma
Zamalka
Douma DistrictDoumaSubdistrict
Douma
Adra
Batihat al-Wafidin
Hawsh al-Dawahira
Hawsh al-Farah
Hawsh Nasri
Hufayr al-Tahta
Maydaa
al-Rihan
al-Shafuniyah
Tal al-Swan
HarastaSubdistrict
Harasta
Dahiyat al-Assad
Mesraba
Madira
Sabe BiyarSubdistrict
Sabaa Biyar
DumayrSubdistrict
Al-Dumayr
NashabiyehSubdistrict
Al-Nashabiyah
Al-Ahmadiyah
Al-Bahariyah
Al-Bilaliyah
Beit Nayim
Bzeineh
Deir Salman
Al-Damen
Harasta al-Qantarah
Al-Jarba
Al-Khamisiyah
Al-Mansoura
Marj al-Sultan
Nawla
Al-Abadah
Autaya
Otaybah
Al-Qasimiyah
Al-Qisa
Al-Salihiyah
Wadyan al-Rabi
Al-Zamaniyah
GhazlaniyehSubdistrict
Al-Ghizlaniyah
Bayad
Al-Bitariyah
Deir al-Hajar
Dalbeh
Ghasulah
Al-Haijaneh
Qarahta
Qarmashiyeh
Sakka
Tall Maskan
Harran al-AwamidSubdistrict
Harran al-Awamid
Judaydat al-Khas
Al-Kafrayn
Mabarkah
Al-Qutayfah DistrictQutayfahSubdistrict
Al-Qutayfah
Helleh
Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun
JayrudSubdistrict
Jayrud
Al-Atnah
Al-Mansoura
Al-Naseriyah
MaloulaSubdistrict
Maaloula
Ain al-Tinah
Jubb'adin
al-Tawani
RaheibaSubdistrict
Al-Ruhaybah
Al-Tall DistrictAl-TallSubdistrict
Al-Tall
al-Dreij
Halboun
Maarounah
Maaraba
Manin
Talfita
SednayaSubdistrict
Saidnaya
Badda
Maarat Saidnaya
Akoubar
Hafeir al-Fouqa
RankousSubdistrict
Rankous
al-Fayadiyah
Hosh Arab
al-Jarniyah
al-Mahabah
Ayn Dara
al-Nour
Sabnah
Yabroud DistrictYabroudSubdistrict
Yabroud
Ras al-Ayn
Ras al-Maara
Rima
Al-Sarkha (Bakhah)
Assal al-WardSubdistrict
Assal al-Ward
al-Jebbah
An-Nabek DistrictAn-NabekSubdistrict
Al-Nabek
Mashrafet Flita
Qaldoun al-Marah
Al-Qastal
al-Sahel
Deir AtiyehSubdistrict
Deir Atiyah
Al-Humayra
al-Jarajir
QaraSubdistrict
Qara
Al-Zabadani DistrictAl-ZabadaniSubdistrict
Al-Zabadani
Barheliya
Bloudan
Hosh Bajed
Kafr al-Awamid
Al-Rawdah (al-Batrounah)
Souq Wadi Barada
MadayaSubdistrict
Madaya
Baqin
Hurayra
SerghayaSubdistrict
Serghaya
Ain Hawr
Qatana DistrictQatanaSubdistrict
Qatana
Ambiya
al-Aamrat
Arnah
Artouz
al-Bejaa
Beqaasem
Drousha
Jdeidat Artouz
Kafr Qouq
Kawkab
Khan al-Shih
Manshiyat Khan al-Shih
Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer
Qalaat al-Jandal
Rakhlah
Ras al-Ayn
Rima
al-Sabboura
Yaafour
Beit JannSubdistrict
Beit Jinn
Darbal
Ain al-Shaara
Harfa
Hinah
Khirbet al-Sawda
Maghar al-Mir
al-Maqrousa
Mazraat Beit Jinn
Sa'saSubdistrict
Sa'sa'
Abou Qawouq
al-Adnaniyah
Beit Saber
Beitima
Deir Maker
Denaji
Dourin
Hamrit
al-Hubariyah
Hosh al-Nufour
Jisr al-Safra
Kafr Hawr
Kanaker
Maas
al-Nufour
al-Qleiaah
Rasem al-Tahin
al-Shawkatliyah
Darayya DistrictDarayyaSubdistrict
Darayya
Muadamiyat al-Sham
SahnayaSubdistrict
Sahnaya
Ashrafiyat Sahnaya
Hajar al-Aswad Subdistrict
al-Hajar al-Aswad
Qudsaya DistrictQudsayaSubdistrict
Qudsaya
Ashrafiyat al-Wadi
Basimah
al-Hamah
Jamraya
Jdeidat al-Wadi
Dahiyat Qudsaya
ad-DimasSubdistrict
al-Dimas
Jdeidat Yabous
Kfeir Yabous
Maadar
Qura al-Assad
Yabous
Ein al-FijehSubdistrict
Ain al-Fijah
Efra
Deir Muqaran
Deir Qanun
al-Husseiniyah
Kfeir al-Zayt
This article about a location in Rif Dimashq Governorate, Syria is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language"},{"link_name":"Syrian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Zabadani District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zabadani_District"},{"link_name":"Rif Dimashq Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Syria Central Bureau of Statistics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Syria)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CBS-1"},{"link_name":"Sunni Muslims","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Muslim"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Village in SyriaVillage in Rif Dimashq Governorate, SyriaSouq Wadi Barada (Arabic: سوق وادي بردى) also spelled Suq Wadi Barada is a Syrian village in the Al-Zabadani District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Souq Wadi Barada had a population of 3,678 in the 2004 census.[1] Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.[2]","title":"Souq Wadi Barada"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Robinson, E.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)"},{"link_name":"Smith, E.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Smith"},{"link_name":"Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft"},{"link_name":"Crocker & Brewster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocker_%26_Brewster"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria"},{"link_name":"Rif Dimashq Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Markaz Rif Dimashq District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markaz_Rif_Dimashq_District"},{"link_name":"Al-Kiswah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kiswah"},{"link_name":"Al-Adiliyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Adiliyah"},{"link_name":"Arkis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arkis,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Deir Ali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Ali"},{"link_name":"Deir Khabiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Khabiyah"},{"link_name":"Ayn al-Bayda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_al-Bayda,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"Ayn al-Souda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_al-Souda,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Al-Horjelah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Horjelah"},{"link_name":"Jeb as-Safa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeb_as-Safa,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Khan Dannun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Dannun"},{"link_name":"Khirbet al-Shiyab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khirbet_al-Shiyab&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Khiyarat Dannun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiyarat_Dannun"},{"link_name":"Marana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marana,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Matahriyeh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matahriyeh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Morjana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morjana&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Muqaylibah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqaylibah"},{"link_name":"Qara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Saada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saada,_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Shaqhab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaqhab&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"al-Taybah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Taybah,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Um al-Awamid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Um_al-Awamid&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Zakiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakiyah"},{"link_name":"Zureiqiya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zureiqiya"},{"link_name":"Babbila","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babbila"},{"link_name":"Aqraba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqraba,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"al-Bahdaliyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bahdaliyah"},{"link_name":"Beit Sahem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Sahem"},{"link_name":"Buwayda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buwayda,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hujayrah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujayrah"},{"link_name":"Hawsh Sahiya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawsh_Sahiya"},{"link_name":"Khirbet al-Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khirbet_al-Ward"},{"link_name":"Maalaqa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalaqa&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Najha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Najha&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Al-Sitt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Sitt&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Al-Sabinah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sabinah"},{"link_name":"Yalda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yalda,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Jaramana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaramana"},{"link_name":"Al-Malihah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Malihah"},{"link_name":"Ahdaf","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahdaf&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Deir al-Asafir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_al-Asafir"},{"link_name":"Hawsh al-Sultan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawsh_al-Sultan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hutaytet al-Turkman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutaytet_al-Turkman"},{"link_name":"Shabaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabaa"},{"link_name":"Zabdin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabdin"},{"link_name":"Sahba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sahba&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Kafr Batna","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Batna"},{"link_name":"Beit Sawa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Sawa"},{"link_name":"Aftris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aftris&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Hamouriyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamouriyah"},{"link_name":"Hizzah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizzah"},{"link_name":"Jisrin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisrin"},{"link_name":"Saqba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saqba"},{"link_name":"Arbin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbin,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Ein Tarma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Tarma"},{"link_name":"Zamalka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamalka"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SyriaRifDimasq.PNG"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rif_Dimashq_blank_districts.png"},{"link_name":"Douma District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douma_District"},{"link_name":"Douma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douma,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Adra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adra,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Batihat al-Wafidin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batihat_al-Wafidin"},{"link_name":"Hawsh al-Dawahira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawsh_al-Dawahira"},{"link_name":"Hawsh al-Farah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawsh_al-Farah"},{"link_name":"Hawsh Nasri","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawsh_Nasri"},{"link_name":"Hufayr al-Tahta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hufayr_al-Tahta"},{"link_name":"Maydaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maydaa"},{"link_name":"al-Rihan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rihan"},{"link_name":"al-Shafuniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shafuniyah"},{"link_name":"Tal al-Swan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tal_al-Swan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Harasta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harasta"},{"link_name":"Dahiyat al-Assad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahiyat_al-Assad"},{"link_name":"Mesraba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesraba"},{"link_name":"Madira","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madira,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Sabaa Biyar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaa_Biyar"},{"link_name":"Al-Dumayr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dumayr"},{"link_name":"Al-Nashabiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nashabiyah"},{"link_name":"Al-Ahmadiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahmadiyah,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"Al-Bahariyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bahariyah"},{"link_name":"Al-Bilaliyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bilaliyah"},{"link_name":"Beit Nayim","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Nayim"},{"link_name":"Bzeineh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bzeineh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Deir Salman","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Salman"},{"link_name":"Al-Damen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Damen"},{"link_name":"Harasta al-Qantarah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harasta_al-Qantarah"},{"link_name":"Al-Jarba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jarba"},{"link_name":"Al-Khamisiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khamisiyah"},{"link_name":"Al-Mansoura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Mansoura,_Nashabiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Marj al-Sultan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marj_al-Sultan"},{"link_name":"Nawla","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nawla&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Al-Abadah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Abadah"},{"link_name":"Autaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autaya"},{"link_name":"Otaybah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaybah,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Qasimiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qasimiyah"},{"link_name":"Al-Qisa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qisa"},{"link_name":"Al-Salihiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Salihiyah,_Rif_Dimashq&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Wadyan al-Rabi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wadyan_al-Rabi&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Al-Zamaniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Zamaniyah&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Al-Ghizlaniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ghizlaniyah"},{"link_name":"Bayad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayad"},{"link_name":"Al-Bitariyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bitariyah"},{"link_name":"Deir al-Hajar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir_al-Hajar&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Dalbeh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalbeh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Ghasulah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghasulah"},{"link_name":"Al-Haijaneh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Haijaneh"},{"link_name":"Qarahta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarahta"},{"link_name":"Qarmashiyeh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qarmashiyeh&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Sakka","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakka,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Tall Maskan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tall_Maskan&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Harran al-Awamid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harran_al-Awamid"},{"link_name":"Judaydat al-Khas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaydat_al-Khas"},{"link_name":"Al-Kafrayn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kafrayn"},{"link_name":"Mabarkah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mabarkah&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Al-Qutayfah District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qutayfah_District"},{"link_name":"Al-Qutayfah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qutayfah"},{"link_name":"Helleh","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hala,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Muadamiyat al-Qalamoun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadamiyat_al-Qalamoun"},{"link_name":"Jayrud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayrud"},{"link_name":"Al-Atnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Atnah"},{"link_name":"Al-Mansoura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mansoura,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"Al-Naseriyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Naseriyah"},{"link_name":"Maaloula","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaloula"},{"link_name":"Ain al-Tinah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_al-Tinah"},{"link_name":"Jubb'adin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubb%27adin"},{"link_name":"al-Tawani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tawani"},{"link_name":"Al-Ruhaybah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ruhaybah"},{"link_name":"Al-Tall District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tall_District"},{"link_name":"Al-Tall","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tall,_Syria"},{"link_name":"al-Dreij","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dreij"},{"link_name":"Halboun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halboun"},{"link_name":"Maarounah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maarounah"},{"link_name":"Maaraba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaraba,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"Manin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manin,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Talfita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talfita"},{"link_name":"Saidnaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saidnaya"},{"link_name":"Badda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badda,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Maarat Saidnaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maarat_Saidnaya"},{"link_name":"Akoubar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoubar"},{"link_name":"Hafeir al-Fouqa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafeir_al-Fouqa"},{"link_name":"Rankous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankous"},{"link_name":"al-Fayadiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Fayadiyah"},{"link_name":"Hosh Arab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosh_Arab"},{"link_name":"al-Jarniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jarniyah,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"al-Mahabah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mahabah"},{"link_name":"Ayn Dara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_Dara,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"al-Nour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nour,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Sabnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabnah"},{"link_name":"Yabroud District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabroud_District"},{"link_name":"Yabroud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabroud"},{"link_name":"Ras al-Ayn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn,_Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Ras al-Maara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_al-Maara"},{"link_name":"Rima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rima,_Yabrud"},{"link_name":"Al-Sarkha (Bakhah)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sarkha_(Bakhah)"},{"link_name":"Assal al-Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assal_al-Ward"},{"link_name":"al-Jebbah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jebbah"},{"link_name":"An-Nabek District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nabek_District"},{"link_name":"Al-Nabek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nabek"},{"link_name":"Mashrafet Flita","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mashrafet_Flita&action=edit&redlink=1"},{"link_name":"Qaldoun al-Marah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaldoun_al-Marah"},{"link_name":"Al-Qastal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Syria"},{"link_name":"al-Sahel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sahel"},{"link_name":"Deir Atiyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Atiyah"},{"link_name":"Al-Humayra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Humayra"},{"link_name":"al-Jarajir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jarajir"},{"link_name":"Qara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Al-Zabadani District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zabadani_District"},{"link_name":"Al-Zabadani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zabadani"},{"link_name":"Barheliya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barheliya"},{"link_name":"Bloudan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloudan"},{"link_name":"Hosh Bajed","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosh_Bajed"},{"link_name":"Kafr al-Awamid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_al-Awamid"},{"link_name":"Al-Rawdah (al-Batrounah)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rawdah_(al-Batrounah)"},{"link_name":"Souq Wadi Barada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Madaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaya,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Baqin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqin"},{"link_name":"Hurayra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurayra"},{"link_name":"Serghaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serghaya"},{"link_name":"Ain Hawr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_Hawr"},{"link_name":"Qatana District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatana_District"},{"link_name":"Qatana","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatana"},{"link_name":"Ambiya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambiya"},{"link_name":"al-Aamrat","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aamrat"},{"link_name":"Arnah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnah"},{"link_name":"Artouz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artouz"},{"link_name":"al-Bejaa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bejaa"},{"link_name":"Beqaasem","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaasem"},{"link_name":"Drousha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drousha"},{"link_name":"Jdeidat Artouz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jdeidat_Artouz"},{"link_name":"Kafr Qouq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Qouq,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Kawkab","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawkab,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"Khan al-Shih","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_al-Shih"},{"link_name":"Manshiyat Khan al-Shih","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manshiyat_Khan_al-Shih"},{"link_name":"Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazraat_Deir_al-Ashayer"},{"link_name":"Qalaat al-Jandal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalaat_al-Jandal"},{"link_name":"Rakhlah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakhlah"},{"link_name":"Ras al-Ayn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_al-Ayn,_Qatana"},{"link_name":"Rima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rima,_Qatana"},{"link_name":"al-Sabboura","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sabboura"},{"link_name":"Yaafour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaafour"},{"link_name":"Beit Jinn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Jinn"},{"link_name":"Darbal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darbal"},{"link_name":"Ain al-Shaara","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_al-Shaara"},{"link_name":"Harfa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harfa"},{"link_name":"Hinah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinah"},{"link_name":"Khirbet al-Sawda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khirbet_al-Sawda,_Rif_Dimashq"},{"link_name":"Maghar al-Mir","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghar_al-Mir"},{"link_name":"al-Maqrousa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Maqrousa"},{"link_name":"Mazraat Beit Jinn","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazraat_Beit_Jinn"},{"link_name":"Sa'sa'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%27sa%27,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Abou Qawouq","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abou_Qawouq"},{"link_name":"al-Adnaniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Adnaniyah"},{"link_name":"Beit Saber","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Saber"},{"link_name":"Beitima","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitima"},{"link_name":"Deir 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al-Tahin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasem_al-Tahin"},{"link_name":"al-Shawkatliyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shawkatliyah"},{"link_name":"Darayya District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darayya_District"},{"link_name":"Darayya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darayya"},{"link_name":"Muadamiyat al-Sham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadamiyat_al-Sham"},{"link_name":"Sahnaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahnaya"},{"link_name":"Ashrafiyat Sahnaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashrafiyat_Sahnaya"},{"link_name":"al-Hajar al-Aswad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hajar_al-Aswad"},{"link_name":"Qudsaya District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qudsaya_District"},{"link_name":"Qudsaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qudsaya"},{"link_name":"Ashrafiyat al-Wadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashrafiyat_al-Wadi"},{"link_name":"Basimah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basimah"},{"link_name":"al-Hamah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hamah"},{"link_name":"Jamraya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamraya"},{"link_name":"Jdeidat al-Wadi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jdeidat_al-Wadi"},{"link_name":"Dahiyat Qudsaya","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahiyat_Qudsaya"},{"link_name":"al-Dimas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dimas"},{"link_name":"Jdeidat Yabous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jdeidat_Yabous"},{"link_name":"Kfeir Yabous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfeir_Yabous"},{"link_name":"Maadar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maadar"},{"link_name":"Qura al-Assad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qura_al-Assad"},{"link_name":"Yabous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabous,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Ain al-Fijah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_al-Fijah"},{"link_name":"Efra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efra,_Syria"},{"link_name":"Deir Muqaran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Muqaran"},{"link_name":"Deir Qanun","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Qanun"},{"link_name":"al-Husseiniyah","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Husseiniyah"},{"link_name":"Kfeir al-Zayt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfeir_al-Zayt"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SyriaRifDimasq.PNG"},{"link_name":"Rif Dimashq Governorate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate"},{"link_name":"stub","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub"},{"link_name":"expanding it","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Souq_Wadi_Barada&action=edit"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:RifDimashqSY-geo-stub"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:RifDimashqSY-geo-stub"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RifDimashqSY-geo-stub"}],"text":"Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.vte Rif Dimashq GovernorateMarkaz Rif Dimashq DistrictKiswahSubdistrict\nAl-Kiswah\nAl-Adiliyah\nArkis\nDeir Ali\nDeir Khabiyah\nAyn al-Bayda\nAyn al-Souda\nAl-Horjelah\nJeb as-Safa\nKhan Dannun\nKhirbet al-Shiyab\nKhiyarat Dannun\nMarana\nMatahriyeh\nMorjana\nMuqaylibah\nQara\nSaada\nShaqhab\nal-Taybah\nUm al-Awamid\nZakiyah\nZureiqiya\nBabbilaSubdistrict\nBabbila\nAqraba\nal-Bahdaliyah\nBeit Sahem\nBuwayda\nHujayrah\nHawsh Sahiya\nKhirbet al-Ward\nMaalaqa\nNajha\nAl-Sitt\nAl-Sabinah\nYalda\nJaramanaSubdistrict\nJaramana\nMalihahSubdistrict\nAl-Malihah\nAhdaf\nDeir al-Asafir\nHawsh al-Sultan\nHutaytet al-Turkman\nShabaa\nZabdin\nSahba\nKafr BatnaSubdistrict\nKafr Batna\nBeit Sawa\nAftris\nHamouriyah\nHizzah\nJisrin\nSaqba\nArbinSubdistrict\nArbin\nEin Tarma\nZamalka\nDouma DistrictDoumaSubdistrict\nDouma\nAdra\nBatihat al-Wafidin\nHawsh al-Dawahira\nHawsh al-Farah\nHawsh Nasri\nHufayr al-Tahta\nMaydaa\nal-Rihan\nal-Shafuniyah\nTal al-Swan\nHarastaSubdistrict\nHarasta\nDahiyat al-Assad\nMesraba\nMadira\nSabe BiyarSubdistrict\nSabaa Biyar\nDumayrSubdistrict\nAl-Dumayr\nNashabiyehSubdistrict\nAl-Nashabiyah\nAl-Ahmadiyah\nAl-Bahariyah\nAl-Bilaliyah\nBeit Nayim\nBzeineh\nDeir Salman\nAl-Damen\nHarasta al-Qantarah\nAl-Jarba\nAl-Khamisiyah\nAl-Mansoura\nMarj al-Sultan\nNawla\nAl-Abadah\nAutaya\nOtaybah\nAl-Qasimiyah\nAl-Qisa\nAl-Salihiyah\nWadyan al-Rabi\nAl-Zamaniyah\nGhazlaniyehSubdistrict\nAl-Ghizlaniyah\nBayad\nAl-Bitariyah\nDeir al-Hajar\nDalbeh\nGhasulah\nAl-Haijaneh\nQarahta\nQarmashiyeh\nSakka\nTall Maskan\nHarran al-AwamidSubdistrict\nHarran al-Awamid\nJudaydat al-Khas\nAl-Kafrayn\nMabarkah\nAl-Qutayfah DistrictQutayfahSubdistrict\nAl-Qutayfah\nHelleh\nMuadamiyat al-Qalamoun\nJayrudSubdistrict\nJayrud\nAl-Atnah\nAl-Mansoura\nAl-Naseriyah\nMaloulaSubdistrict\nMaaloula\nAin al-Tinah\nJubb'adin\nal-Tawani\nRaheibaSubdistrict\nAl-Ruhaybah\nAl-Tall DistrictAl-TallSubdistrict\nAl-Tall\nal-Dreij\nHalboun\nMaarounah\nMaaraba\nManin\nTalfita\nSednayaSubdistrict\nSaidnaya\nBadda\nMaarat Saidnaya\nAkoubar\nHafeir al-Fouqa\nRankousSubdistrict\nRankous\nal-Fayadiyah\nHosh Arab\nal-Jarniyah\nal-Mahabah\nAyn Dara\nal-Nour\nSabnah\nYabroud DistrictYabroudSubdistrict\nYabroud\nRas al-Ayn\nRas al-Maara\nRima\nAl-Sarkha (Bakhah)\nAssal al-WardSubdistrict\nAssal al-Ward\nal-Jebbah\nAn-Nabek DistrictAn-NabekSubdistrict\nAl-Nabek\nMashrafet Flita\nQaldoun al-Marah\nAl-Qastal\nal-Sahel\nDeir AtiyehSubdistrict\nDeir Atiyah\nAl-Humayra\nal-Jarajir\nQaraSubdistrict\nQara\nAl-Zabadani DistrictAl-ZabadaniSubdistrict\nAl-Zabadani\nBarheliya\nBloudan\nHosh Bajed\nKafr al-Awamid\nAl-Rawdah (al-Batrounah)\nSouq Wadi Barada\nMadayaSubdistrict\nMadaya\nBaqin\nHurayra\nSerghayaSubdistrict\nSerghaya\nAin Hawr\nQatana DistrictQatanaSubdistrict\nQatana\nAmbiya\nal-Aamrat\nArnah\nArtouz\nal-Bejaa\nBeqaasem\nDrousha\nJdeidat Artouz\nKafr Qouq\nKawkab\nKhan al-Shih\nManshiyat Khan al-Shih\nMazraat Deir al-Ashayer\nQalaat al-Jandal\nRakhlah\nRas al-Ayn\nRima\nal-Sabboura\nYaafour\nBeit JannSubdistrict\nBeit Jinn\nDarbal\nAin al-Shaara\nHarfa\nHinah\nKhirbet al-Sawda\nMaghar al-Mir\nal-Maqrousa\nMazraat Beit Jinn\nSa'saSubdistrict\nSa'sa'\nAbou Qawouq\nal-Adnaniyah\nBeit Saber\nBeitima\nDeir Maker\nDenaji\nDourin\nHamrit\nal-Hubariyah\nHosh al-Nufour\nJisr al-Safra\nKafr Hawr\nKanaker\nMaas\nal-Nufour\nal-Qleiaah\nRasem al-Tahin\nal-Shawkatliyah\nDarayya DistrictDarayyaSubdistrict\nDarayya\nMuadamiyat al-Sham\nSahnayaSubdistrict\nSahnaya\nAshrafiyat Sahnaya\nHajar al-Aswad Subdistrict\nal-Hajar al-Aswad\nQudsaya DistrictQudsayaSubdistrict\nQudsaya\nAshrafiyat al-Wadi\nBasimah\nal-Hamah\nJamraya\nJdeidat al-Wadi\nDahiyat Qudsaya\nad-DimasSubdistrict\nal-Dimas\nJdeidat Yabous\nKfeir Yabous\nMaadar\nQura al-Assad\nYabous\nEin al-FijehSubdistrict\nAin al-Fijah\nEfra\nDeir Muqaran\nDeir Qanun\nal-Husseiniyah\nKfeir al-ZaytThis article about a location in Rif Dimashq Governorate, Syria is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte","title":"Bibliography"}]
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[{"title":"Siege of Wadi Barada","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Barada"},{"title":"Abila Lysaniou","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abila_Lysaniou"}]
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[{"reference":"Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)","url_text":"Robinson, E."},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Smith","url_text":"Smith, E."},{"url":"https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft","url_text":"Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocker_%26_Brewster","url_text":"Crocker & Brewster"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Marashidah
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Al-Marashidah
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["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 34°30′13″N 40°55′47″E / 34.50361°N 40.92972°E / 34.50361; 40.92972Town in Deir ez-Zor, SyriaAl-Marashidah
ٱلْمَرَاشِدَة El MaraşadaTownAl-MarashidahLocation in SyriaCoordinates: 34°30′13″N 40°55′47″E / 34.50361°N 40.92972°E / 34.50361; 40.92972Country SyriaGovernorateDeir ez-ZorDistrictAbu KamalSubdistrictal-Susah DistrictPopulation (2004) • Total4,346Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)City Qrya PcodeC5183
Al-Marashidah (Arabic: ٱلْمَرَاشِدَة, romanized: al-Marāšidah, Turkish: El Maraşada) is a Syrian town located in Abu Kamal District, Deir ez-Zor. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Marashidah had a population of 4,346 in the 2004 census.
The town fell under the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in early 2014 during the Syrian Civil War. By 24 January 2019, Al-Marashidah was one of the final remaining Syrian settlements under control of the Islamic State, with the Syrian Democratic Forces fighting for control of the town. On the next day, ISIL carried out numerous suicide attacks on the SDF, in an attempt to break the siege, allowing them to recapture parts of Al-Baghuz Fawqani, to the south. On 7 February 2019, the SDF captured Al-Marashidah and other nearby areas from ISIL, completely besieging ISIL in the town of Al-Baghuz Fawqani.
References
^ "General Census of Population 2004". Retrieved 2017-12-09.
^ "Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back". The New York Times. January 24, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
^ Aboufadel, Leith (2018-10-08). "ISIS suffers another big setback in east Deir Ezzor (video)". AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. Archived from the original on 2019-06-22. Retrieved 2019-01-17.
^ "Desperate ISIS terrorists use suicide attacks in eastern Euphrates counter-offensive". Al-Masdar News. 25 January 2019. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
^ "KUNA : Coalition, partners continue squeezing IS militants in Iraq, Syria -- statement - Military - 07/02/2019".
^ Leith Aboufadel (7 February 2019). "ISIS squeezed into last areas as SDF troops capture 2 villages east of the Euphrates (MAP)". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
Asia portal
vte Deir ez-Zor GovernorateCapital: Deir ez-ZorDeir ez-Zor District
Deir ez-Zor
al-Abed
Abu Khashab
al-Ali
Ayyash
Barihah
al-Bughayliyah
al-Busayrah
al-Dahlah
al-Hajnah
al-Hariji
al-Harijiyah
al-Harmushiyah
Hatla
Hawayij Bumasaa
al-Jafrah
Jarwan
Jazrat al-Buhamid
Jazrat Milaj
al-Kasrah
al-Kharitah
Khasham
al-Ji'ah
Judaydat Bakkarah
Judaydat Akaidat
Maadan Atiq
al-Maaishiyah
Marat
al-Masrab
al-Muhasan
Muhaymidah
al-Murayiyah
al-Muwaylih
al-Qasbi
Qitaat al-Bulil
Ruwayshid
al-Saawah
al-Sabhah
Safirah Fawqani
Safirah Tahtani
al-Shate'
al-Shuhayl
al-Shumaytiyah
al-Suwar
al-Tabni
al-Tarif
al-Tub
Zaghir Jazirah
Zaghir Shamiyah
al-Zir
Abu Kamal District
Abu Kamal
al-Abbas
Abu Hamam
al-Baghuz Fawqani
al-Bahrah
al-Bubadran
Gharanij
al-Ghbrah
Hajin
al-Hara
Hasrat
al-Jalaa
al-Kishkiyah
al-Marashidah
Muaiyzila
al-Qitaa
al-Ramadi
al-Salihiyah
al-Sayyal
al-Shaafah
al-Sukkariya
al-Susah
al-Suwayiyah
al-Tawtahiyah
Mayadin District
Mayadin
al-Asharah
Abu Hardub
Dablan
Diban
al-Duwayr
Baqras Fawqani
Baqras Tahtani
Darnaj
Gharibah
al-Hawayij
Hawi Thiban
al-Jurthah al-Sharqi
al-Karamah
al-Kishmah
Mahkan
al-Quriyah
al-Raghib
Saalo
Sabikhan
Suwaydan Jazirah
al-Tayanah
al-Taybah
Tishrin
al-Zabara
This Syria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Arabic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language"},{"link_name":"romanized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic"},{"link_name":"Turkish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language"},{"link_name":"Syrian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian"},{"link_name":"town","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town"},{"link_name":"Abu Kamal District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Kamal_District"},{"link_name":"Deir ez-Zor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate"},{"link_name":"Syria Central Bureau of Statistics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Syria)"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant"},{"link_name":"Syrian Civil War","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War"},{"link_name":"Syrian Democratic Forces","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_2019-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"Al-Baghuz Fawqani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"besieging","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"}],"text":"Town in Deir ez-Zor, SyriaAl-Marashidah (Arabic: ٱلْمَرَاشِدَة, romanized: al-Marāšidah, Turkish: El Maraşada) is a Syrian town located in Abu Kamal District, Deir ez-Zor. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Marashidah had a population of 4,346 in the 2004 census.[1]The town fell under the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in early 2014 during the Syrian Civil War. By 24 January 2019, Al-Marashidah was one of the final remaining Syrian settlements under control of the Islamic State, with the Syrian Democratic Forces fighting for control of the town.[2][3] On the next day, ISIL carried out numerous suicide attacks on the SDF, in an attempt to break the siege, allowing them to recapture parts of Al-Baghuz Fawqani, to the south.[4] On 7 February 2019, the SDF captured Al-Marashidah and other nearby areas from ISIL, completely besieging ISIL in the town of Al-Baghuz Fawqani.[5][6]","title":"Al-Marashidah"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazzy_Jeff_and_The_Fresh_Prince
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DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince
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["1 Career","1.1 1985–1988: early years and Rock the House","1.2 1988–1989: He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper","1.3 1989–1990: And in This Corner...","1.4 1991–1994: Homebase, Code Red and split","2 Occasional appearances","3 Discography","4 Awards and nominations","4.1 American Music Awards","4.2 Grammy Awards","4.3 MTV Video Music Awards","4.4 Soul Train Music Awards","5 References","6 External links"]
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American hip hop duo
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh PrinceThe duo, consisting of DJ Jazzy Jeff and Will SmithBackground informationOriginWest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.GenresHip hopgolden age hip hopYears active1984–1994LabelsWord-UpJivePast membersDJ Jazzy JeffThe Fresh Prince
DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince were an American hip hop duo from West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, consisting of rapper Will Smith (the Fresh Prince) and disc jockey Jeff Townes (DJ Jazzy Jeff). Active full time from 1986 to 1994 and occasionally thereafter, the duo became just the third rap group in recording history to receive platinum certification, after Run-DMC and the Beastie Boys. The group received the first Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance in 1989 for "Parents Just Don't Understand" (1988), though their most successful single was "Summertime" (1991), which earned the group their second Grammy and peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. Will Smith and Jeff Townes have remained close friends and claim they never split up, having made songs together under Smith's solo performer credit. DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince have sold over 5.5 million albums in the US. Their latest performance dates back to November 2023.
Career
1985–1988: early years and Rock the House
Jeff Townes was introduced to Will Smith at a house party Townes during a performance in 1985, and Smith ended up filling in for his missing hype man. They both felt a strong chemistry, and Townes was disappointed when his hype man finally made it to the party.
Soon after, the two decided to join forces. Smith enlisted a friend, Ready Rock C, to join as the beatboxer of the group. He was not officially credited to the duo, only as a support live member. In 1986, Philadelphia-based Word Records (later changed to Word-Up Records) released their first single "Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble", which sampled the theme song of I Dream of Jeannie. Smith became known for light-hearted story-telling and profanity-free "battle" rhymes. The single became a hit a month before Smith graduated from high school.
Based on this success, the duo was brought to the attention of Jive Records and Russell Simmons. The duo's first album, Rock the House was released on Word Up in 1986 and rereleased on Jive in March 1987. The album sold approximately 300,000 units. That same year, the band embarked on its first major tour with Run DMC and Public Enemy.
1988–1989: He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper
Their 1988 follow-up album, He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper, made them multi-platinum stars. Mostly recorded in the United Kingdom, the album was a double-vinyl LP release; it was also issued as a single cassette and CD. "Parents Just Don't Understand", the lead-off single, made them MTV household names and also gained the honor of the first Grammy for a hip hop/rap song, which was met with criticism. Nevertheless, the single was a success, launching the group into even more mainstream stardom. The video showed Prince's misadventures of trying to get around his parents' strict rules in a very comical way, much like their first single "Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble". It gained considerable airplay on TV channels such as MTV, giving the group much attention. The song was played in an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air ("Someday Your Prince Will Be In Effect (Part 1)"), and referenced in two other episodes of the same series ("The Fresh Prince Project" and "Not With My Pig, You Don't").
Another single, "A Nightmare on My Street", showcased a fictional confrontation with A Nightmare on Elm Street villain Freddy Krueger. The record's release coincided with A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master, which caused legal threats from the movie's distributor New Line Cinema. In response, the corresponding music video was pulled from release and a legal disclaimer was included on later pressings of He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper denying affiliation with the film. The video was released by Jazzy Jeff in 2018.
Jeff reveals on track 19 of Skillz's Infamous Quotes mixtape that New Line Cinema approached Will & Jeff for a role in the movie House Party, which they turned down. The last single, track 3 from He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper, was "Brand New Funk", which sampled and quoted the James Brown funk song "My Thang". In narrative of the song, the Fresh Prince explains how Jeff has brought in a tape described to be startlingly good, which the Fresh Prince raps to, and how much people enjoyed it at the first performance. The song was well received by many hip hop fans due to its funk sound, lyrical spins, and the fact that it showed off more of the skills of Jazzy Jeff. The video was shot in black and white, showed live performance clips from a concert and featured 2 Damn Hype Dancing.
1989–1990: And in This Corner...
The group's third LP, And in This Corner..., was released in 1989. The album was a commercial success, selling over half a million copies and reaching Gold certification by the RIAA, although at this point the duo had decreased in popularity. The crossover style of the group was causing their fanbase to decline, as their initial audience felt they had become too accessible; non-crossover rap acts like Big Daddy Kane and Boogie Down Productions had bigger street followings; meanwhile, pop radio had latched on to new faces like Tone Loc and Young MC, while non-radio followers were more attracted to hardcore acts such as Ice-T and 2 Live Crew. The lead single, "I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson", was similar to their other lead singles. The track narrates the Fresh Prince claiming he could beat Mike Tyson in a boxing match, and after training, is beaten in the first round. The music video features cameos from Mike Tyson, Chris Rock and Don King.
The next single was "Jazzy's Groove", sampling "Nautilus" in the chorus and bridge. The song features much more of Jazzy Jeff, like in "Brand New Funk"; Jazzy Jeff gives a 'math lesson' by making the sound clips add 1+1, 2+1, and 2+2. Due to a self-admitted spendthrift attitude, Smith felt he had nothing to lose when a producer from NBC and Quincy Jones approached him with an idea for a sitcom, with Townes appearing as a recurring character, named "Jazz". A popular running gag would have Uncle Phil (James Avery) throwing Jazz out of the house; however, this action is not restricted to Uncle Phil, as other characters, even Will himself, have thrown him out in the same manner. Another trademark on the show involved Jazz and Will greeting each other by slapping each other's hand, then swinging back in opposite directions while saying "Pssh!" The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air boosted his profile and his pocketbook. But Smith ended up squandering almost US$2.8m, while failing to pay any of it to the Internal Revenue Service in income taxation. Soon after And in This Corner... was released, Smith was found guilty of income-tax evasion by the IRS, and sentenced to pay this all back. For the first three seasons of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Smith had 25% of his paycheck subjected to IRS garnishment.
In 1990, Ready Rock C decided not to continue as support. He later sued the duo alleging breach of contract, but lost in court.
1991–1994: Homebase, Code Red and split
Still having a bit of extra money from starring in the successful sitcom, the duo decided to stage a comeback album in 1991, Homebase. The platinum album featured a more mature sound from the group, with Smith rapping in a deeper, consistent voice and changed their sound to fit the era's trend of hip-hop. Homebase featured the lead-off single "Summertime", which added rap lyrics to the music of the Kool & the Gang instrumental "Summer Madness" and has become one of their most enduring hits. The couple is seen being driven about while perched on a car in the film, which includes scenes from a family gathering in Philadelphia. The pair won their second Grammy for Summertime. "Ring My Bell" and "Things That U Do" were the ensuing singles. Both songs have the early 1990s' typical sound. A different rendition of each song from the one on the LP was featured in the videos.
The final single for the release was "You Saw My Blinker", a song about an old lady that crashed into Prince's new car and his anger at the events that happened thereafter. This is the first (and one of the only) songs where Smith curses, saying the word 'bitch' (To the left lane I tried to switch, then, you saw my blinker, bitch). Prince's voice is a bit deeper than usual, to make it sound like he's agitated, similar to "Then She Bit Me" from And in This Corner... This song reached No. 20 Billboard Hot 100 and No. 22 Hot R&B/Hip Hop singles. In 1992 for the Barcelona Olympic Games the duo released the song "Higher Baby" as part of the compilation album Barcelona Gold.
Code Red, their last studio LP as a duo, was released in 1993, reaching gold sales. This LP featured a self-admitted harder sound than their other songs, with Jazzy Jeff saying "We wanted to take a new direction. It wasn't that we were concentrating on harder, it was just different", featuring more jazz and soul samples than previous releases. The lead single "Boom! Shake the Room" reached No. 1 in UK, Ireland, Spain and Australia, and featured a harder sound than any of their other songs. Other singles were "I'm Looking For the One (To Be With Me)", which is similar to "Summertime", and "I Wanna Rock", which showed off more of Jazzy Jeff's DJ skills. Shortly afterward, Smith began to pursue acting full-time and the duo split. He and Townes ended up being sued by Jive, who alleged that the duo was still under contract to create more albums.
Occasional appearances
In 1998 the label released the compilation Greatest Hits with the hits and two previously unreleased songs. Years later, Will and Jazzy performed together sometimes in parties for close friends or selected events, but never announced a return as was credited as "DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince". In 2005, Smith and Townes performed together at the Philadelphia leg of Live 8. They performed in Croatia on August 26, 2017, Blackpool on August 27, and in Smith's 51st birthday on September 25, 2019. On November 8, 2023, DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince performed at the YouTube Theater in Inglewood California for “ A Grammy salute to 50 Years of Hip-Hop”
Discography
Main article: DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince discography
Rock the House (1987)
He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)
And in This Corner... (1989)
Homebase (1991)
Code Red (1993)
Awards and nominations
American Music Awards
Year
Nominee / work
Award
Result
1989
DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
Won
He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper
Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album
Won
1992
DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group
Nominated
Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
Nominated
Homebase
Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album
Won
Grammy Awards
Year
Nominee / work
Award
Result
1989
"Parents Just Don't Understand"
Best Rap Performance
Won
1990
"I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson"
Best Rap Performance
Nominated
1991
"And in This Corner..."
Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
Nominated
1992
"Summertime"
Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group
Won
MTV Video Music Awards
Year
Nominee / work
Award
Result
1989
"Parents Just Don't Understand"
Best Rap Video
Won
Best Direction
Nominated
Best Art Direction
Nominated
1991
"Summertime"
Best Rap Video
Nominated
Soul Train Music Awards
Year
Nominee / work
Award
Result
1989
He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper
Best Rap Album
Won
References
^ Steve Huey. "DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince". AllMusic. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
^ "DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince to reunite?". //URLFan. Archived from the original on July 7, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2008.
^ Horowitz, Steven J. (December 10, 2023). "Will Smith, Queen Latifah and Public Enemy Celebrate Hip-Hop in Star-Studded 'Grammy Salute to 50 Years of Hip-Hop': TV Review". Variety. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
^ "DJ Jazz Jeff Interview Made From Scratch". DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince Fan Site. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2008.
^ "Word Records". Discogs.com. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
^ "Jazz Jeff & Fresh Prince* - Girls Ain't Nothing But Trouble". Discogs.com. 1986. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
^ a b c "Will Smith: My Work Ethic Is "Sickening"". CBS. November 30, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.
^ Music video for Nightmare on my Street
^ "Clarence Holmes v. Willard Smith (No. 03-1171), page 5" (PDF). law.villanova.edu. Villanova University School of Law. April 16, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2007. On appeal, the parties agree that the year Holmes stopped performing with Smith was 1990, nine years before Holmes brought this suit against Smith
^ "Fresh Ink Talks to Jazzy Jeff & Fresh Prince". jazzyjefffreshprince.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.
^ Will Smith's 'Fresh Prince' Rap Returns, Star Joined By Alfonso Ribeiro, Jaden Smith, DJ Jazzy Jeff, Huffington Post, May 25, 2013; accessed May 27, 2013
External links
Will "Fresh Prince" Smith at IMDb
Jeffrey "Jazzy Jeff" Townes at IMDb
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air at IMDb
Jeff and Fresh Prince Fansite
DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince discography at Discogs
vteDJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince
DJ Jazzy Jeff
The Fresh Prince
Studio albums
Rock the House (1987)
He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)
And in This Corner... (1989)
Homebase (1991)
Code Red (1993)
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits (1998)
Singles
"Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble"
"A Nightmare on My Street"
"Parents Just Don't Understand"
"I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson"
"Yo Home to Bel Air"
"Summertime"
"Ring My Bell"
"The Things That U Do"
"You Saw My Blinker"
"Boom! Shake the Room"
"I'm Looking for the One (To Be with Me)"
"Lovely Daze"
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Ready Rock C
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DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince (1989)
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vteGrammy Award for Best Rap Performance1980s
"Parents Just Don't Understand" – DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince (1988)
"Bust a Move" – Young MC (1989)
2010s
"Otis" – Jay-Z & Kanye West (2011)
"Niggas in Paris" – Jay-Z & Kanye West (2012)
"Thrift Shop" – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz (2013)
"I" – Kendrick Lamar (2014)
"Alright" – Kendrick Lamar (2015)
"No Problem" – Chance the Rapper featuring Lil Wayne & 2 Chainz (2016)
"Humble" – Kendrick Lamar (2017)
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"Racks in the Middle" – Nipsey Hussle featuring Roddy Ricch & Hit-Boy (2019)
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"Savage" – Megan Thee Stallion featuring Beyoncé (2020)
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Between 1990–2010, the category was split into two categories Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.
Authority control databases International
ISNI
VIAF
National
France
BnF data
Germany
Artists
Grammy Awards
MusicBrainz
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Active full time from 1986 to 1994 and occasionally thereafter, the duo became just the third rap group in recording history to receive platinum certification, after Run-DMC and the Beastie Boys. The group received the first Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance in 1989 for \"Parents Just Don't Understand\" (1988), though their most successful single was \"Summertime\" (1991), which earned the group their second Grammy and peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. Will Smith and Jeff Townes have remained close friends and claim they never split up, having made songs together under Smith's solo performer credit.[2] DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince have sold over 5.5 million albums in the US. Their latest performance dates back to November 2023.[3]","title":"DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"hype man","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_man"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"link_name":"Ready Rock C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready_Rock_C"},{"link_name":"beatboxer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatbox"},{"link_name":"Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls_Ain%27t_Nothing_but_Trouble"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"sampled","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(music)"},{"link_name":"I Dream of Jeannie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Dream_of_Jeannie"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sickening-7"},{"link_name":"Jive Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jive_Records"},{"link_name":"Russell Simmons","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Simmons"},{"link_name":"Rock the House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_the_House_(album)"},{"link_name":"Run DMC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_DMC"},{"link_name":"Public Enemy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Enemy_(band)"}],"sub_title":"1985–1988: early years and Rock the House","text":"Jeff Townes was introduced to Will Smith at a house party Townes during a performance in 1985, and Smith ended up filling in for his missing hype man. They both felt a strong chemistry, and Townes was disappointed when his hype man finally made it to the party.[4]Soon after, the two decided to join forces. Smith enlisted a friend, Ready Rock C, to join as the beatboxer of the group. He was not officially credited to the duo, only as a support live member. In 1986, Philadelphia-based Word Records (later changed to Word-Up Records) released their first single \"Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble\",[5][6] which sampled the theme song of I Dream of Jeannie. Smith became known for light-hearted story-telling and profanity-free \"battle\" rhymes. The single became a hit a month before Smith graduated from high school.[7]Based on this success, the duo was brought to the attention of Jive Records and Russell Simmons. The duo's first album, Rock the House was released on Word Up in 1986 and rereleased on Jive in March 1987. The album sold approximately 300,000 units. That same year, the band embarked on its first major tour with Run DMC and Public Enemy.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%27s_the_DJ,_I%27m_the_Rapper"},{"link_name":"United Kingdom","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"vinyl LP","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record"},{"link_name":"Parents Just Don't Understand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents_Just_Don%27t_Understand"},{"link_name":"MTV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV"},{"link_name":"Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls_Ain%27t_Nothing_but_Trouble"},{"link_name":"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air"},{"link_name":"A Nightmare on My Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_My_Street"},{"link_name":"A Nightmare on Elm Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street"},{"link_name":"Freddy Krueger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy_Krueger"},{"link_name":"A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_4:_The_Dream_Master"},{"link_name":"New Line Cinema","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Line_Cinema"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Skillz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skillz_(rapper)"},{"link_name":"mixtape","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixtape"},{"link_name":"House Party","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Party_(film)"},{"link_name":"He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%27s_the_DJ,_I%27m_the_Rapper"},{"link_name":"My Thang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Thang"}],"sub_title":"1988–1989: He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper","text":"Their 1988 follow-up album, He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper, made them multi-platinum stars. Mostly recorded in the United Kingdom, the album was a double-vinyl LP release; it was also issued as a single cassette and CD. \"Parents Just Don't Understand\", the lead-off single, made them MTV household names and also gained the honor of the first Grammy for a hip hop/rap song, which was met with criticism. Nevertheless, the single was a success, launching the group into even more mainstream stardom. The video showed Prince's misadventures of trying to get around his parents' strict rules in a very comical way, much like their first single \"Girls Ain't Nothing but Trouble\". It gained considerable airplay on TV channels such as MTV, giving the group much attention. The song was played in an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (\"Someday Your Prince Will Be In Effect (Part 1)\"), and referenced in two other episodes of the same series (\"The Fresh Prince Project\" and \"Not With My Pig, You Don't\").Another single, \"A Nightmare on My Street\", showcased a fictional confrontation with A Nightmare on Elm Street villain Freddy Krueger. The record's release coincided with A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master, which caused legal threats from the movie's distributor New Line Cinema. In response, the corresponding music video was pulled from release and a legal disclaimer was included on later pressings of He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper denying affiliation with the film. The video was released by Jazzy Jeff in 2018.[8]Jeff reveals on track 19 of Skillz's Infamous Quotes mixtape that New Line Cinema approached Will & Jeff for a role in the movie House Party, which they turned down. The last single, track 3 from He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper, was \"Brand New Funk\", which sampled and quoted the James Brown funk song \"My Thang\". In narrative of the song, the Fresh Prince explains how Jeff has brought in a tape described to be startlingly good, which the Fresh Prince raps to, and how much people enjoyed it at the first performance. The song was well received by many hip hop fans due to its funk sound, lyrical spins, and the fact that it showed off more of the skills of Jazzy Jeff. The video was shot in black and white, showed live performance clips from a concert and featured 2 Damn Hype Dancing.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"And in This Corner...","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_in_This_Corner..."},{"link_name":"Gold certification by the RIAA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIAA_certification"},{"link_name":"crossover","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_(music)"},{"link_name":"Big Daddy Kane","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Daddy_Kane"},{"link_name":"Boogie Down Productions","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_Down_Productions"},{"link_name":"Tone Loc","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_Loc"},{"link_name":"Young MC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_MC"},{"link_name":"hardcore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_hip_hop"},{"link_name":"Ice-T","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-T"},{"link_name":"2 Live Crew","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Live_Crew"},{"link_name":"I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Think_I_Can_Beat_Mike_Tyson"},{"link_name":"Nautilus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_(song)"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sickening-7"},{"link_name":"NBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC"},{"link_name":"Quincy Jones","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincy_Jones"},{"link_name":"running gag","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_gag"},{"link_name":"James Avery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Avery"},{"link_name":"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fresh_Prince_of_Bel-Air"},{"link_name":"Internal Revenue Service","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sickening-7"},{"link_name":"Ready Rock C","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready_Rock_C"},{"link_name":"breach of contract","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breach_of_contract"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Holmes-v-Smith-9"}],"sub_title":"1989–1990: And in This Corner...","text":"The group's third LP, And in This Corner..., was released in 1989. The album was a commercial success, selling over half a million copies and reaching Gold certification by the RIAA, although at this point the duo had decreased in popularity. The crossover style of the group was causing their fanbase to decline, as their initial audience felt they had become too accessible; non-crossover rap acts like Big Daddy Kane and Boogie Down Productions had bigger street followings; meanwhile, pop radio had latched on to new faces like Tone Loc and Young MC, while non-radio followers were more attracted to hardcore acts such as Ice-T and 2 Live Crew. The lead single, \"I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson\", was similar to their other lead singles. The track narrates the Fresh Prince claiming he could beat Mike Tyson in a boxing match, and after training, is beaten in the first round. The music video features cameos from Mike Tyson, Chris Rock and Don King.The next single was \"Jazzy's Groove\", sampling \"Nautilus\" in the chorus and bridge. The song features much more of Jazzy Jeff, like in \"Brand New Funk\"; Jazzy Jeff gives a 'math lesson' by making the sound clips add 1+1, 2+1, and 2+2. Due to a self-admitted spendthrift attitude,[7] Smith felt he had nothing to lose when a producer from NBC and Quincy Jones approached him with an idea for a sitcom, with Townes appearing as a recurring character, named \"Jazz\". A popular running gag would have Uncle Phil (James Avery) throwing Jazz out of the house; however, this action is not restricted to Uncle Phil, as other characters, even Will himself, have thrown him out in the same manner. Another trademark on the show involved Jazz and Will greeting each other by slapping each other's hand, then swinging back in opposite directions while saying \"Pssh!\" The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air boosted his profile and his pocketbook. But Smith ended up squandering almost US$2.8m, while failing to pay any of it to the Internal Revenue Service in income taxation. Soon after And in This Corner... was released, Smith was found guilty of income-tax evasion by the IRS, and sentenced to pay this all back. For the first three seasons of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Smith had 25% of his paycheck subjected to IRS garnishment.[7]In 1990, Ready Rock C decided not to continue as support. He later sued the duo alleging breach of contract, but lost in court.[9]","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Homebase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homebase_(album)"},{"link_name":"Kool & the Gang","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool_%26_the_Gang"},{"link_name":"Barcelona Olympic Games","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_Olympic_Games"},{"link_name":"Barcelona Gold","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_Gold"},{"link_name":"Code Red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_(DJ_Jazzy_Jeff_%26_the_Fresh_Prince_album)"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Boom! Shake the Room","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boom!_Shake_the_Room"}],"sub_title":"1991–1994: Homebase, Code Red and split","text":"Still having a bit of extra money from starring in the successful sitcom, the duo decided to stage a comeback album in 1991, Homebase. The platinum album featured a more mature sound from the group, with Smith rapping in a deeper, consistent voice and changed their sound to fit the era's trend of hip-hop. Homebase featured the lead-off single \"Summertime\", which added rap lyrics to the music of the Kool & the Gang instrumental \"Summer Madness\" and has become one of their most enduring hits. The couple is seen being driven about while perched on a car in the film, which includes scenes from a family gathering in Philadelphia. The pair won their second Grammy for Summertime. \"Ring My Bell\" and \"Things That U Do\" were the ensuing singles. Both songs have the early 1990s' typical sound. A different rendition of each song from the one on the LP was featured in the videos.The final single for the release was \"You Saw My Blinker\", a song about an old lady that crashed into Prince's new car and his anger at the events that happened thereafter. This is the first (and one of the only) songs where Smith curses, saying the word 'bitch' (To the left lane I tried to switch, then, you saw my blinker, bitch). Prince's voice is a bit deeper than usual, to make it sound like he's agitated, similar to \"Then She Bit Me\" from And in This Corner... This song reached No. 20 Billboard Hot 100 and No. 22 Hot R&B/Hip Hop singles. In 1992 for the Barcelona Olympic Games the duo released the song \"Higher Baby\" as part of the compilation album Barcelona Gold.Code Red, their last studio LP as a duo, was released in 1993, reaching gold sales. This LP featured a self-admitted harder sound than their other songs, with Jazzy Jeff saying \"We wanted to take a new direction. It wasn't that we were concentrating on harder, it was just different\",[10] featuring more jazz and soul samples than previous releases. The lead single \"Boom! Shake the Room\" reached No. 1 in UK, Ireland, Spain and Australia, and featured a harder sound than any of their other songs. Other singles were \"I'm Looking For the One (To Be With Me)\", which is similar to \"Summertime\", and \"I Wanna Rock\", which showed off more of Jazzy Jeff's DJ skills. Shortly afterward, Smith began to pursue acting full-time and the duo split. He and Townes ended up being sued by Jive, who alleged that the duo was still under contract to create more albums.","title":"Career"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Greatest Hits","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(DJ_Jazzy_Jeff_%26_the_Fresh_Prince_album)"},{"link_name":"Live 8","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_8_concert,_Philadelphia"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Croatia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia"},{"link_name":"Blackpool","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool"}],"text":"In 1998 the label released the compilation Greatest Hits with the hits and two previously unreleased songs. Years later, Will and Jazzy performed together sometimes in parties for close friends or selected events, but never announced a return as was credited as \"DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince\". In 2005, Smith and Townes performed together at the Philadelphia leg of Live 8.[11] They performed in Croatia on August 26, 2017, Blackpool on August 27, and in Smith's 51st birthday on September 25, 2019. On November 8, 2023, DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince performed at the YouTube Theater in Inglewood California for “ A Grammy salute to 50 Years of Hip-Hop”","title":"Occasional appearances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Rock the House","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_the_House_(album)"},{"link_name":"He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%27s_the_DJ,_I%27m_the_Rapper"},{"link_name":"And in This Corner...","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_in_This_Corner..."},{"link_name":"Homebase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homebase_(album)"},{"link_name":"Code Red","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_(DJ_Jazzy_Jeff_%26_the_Fresh_Prince_album)"}],"text":"Rock the House (1987)\nHe's the DJ, I'm the Rapper (1988)\nAnd in This Corner... (1989)\nHomebase (1991)\nCode Red (1993)","title":"Discography"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Awards and nominations"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"American Music Awards","title":"Awards and nominations"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Grammy Awards","title":"Awards and nominations"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"MTV Video Music Awards","title":"Awards and nominations"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Soul Train Music Awards","title":"Awards and nominations"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"Steve Huey. \"DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince\". AllMusic. Retrieved September 26, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.allmusic.com/artist/dj-jazzy-jeff-the-fresh-prince-mn0000948022/biography","url_text":"\"DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic","url_text":"AllMusic"}]},{"reference":"\"DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince to reunite?\". //URLFan. Archived from the original on July 7, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080707061753/http://www.urlfan.com/local/dj_jazzy_jeff_and_the_fresh_prince_to_reunite/76504345.html","url_text":"\"DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince to reunite?\""},{"url":"http://www.urlfan.com/local/dj_jazzy_jeff_and_the_fresh_prince_to_reunite/76504345.html","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"Horowitz, Steven J. (December 10, 2023). \"Will Smith, Queen Latifah and Public Enemy Celebrate Hip-Hop in Star-Studded 'Grammy Salute to 50 Years of Hip-Hop': TV Review\". Variety. Retrieved December 24, 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://variety.com/2023/music/tv-reviews/will-smith-queen-latifah-public-enemy-grammy-salute-50-years-of-hip-hop-1235832744/","url_text":"\"Will Smith, Queen Latifah and Public Enemy Celebrate Hip-Hop in Star-Studded 'Grammy Salute to 50 Years of Hip-Hop': TV Review\""}]},{"reference":"\"DJ Jazz Jeff Interview Made From Scratch\". DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince Fan Site. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080516163814/http://www.jazzyjefffreshprince.com/interviews/dj-jazzy-jeff/jazzy-jeff-made-from-scratch.htm","url_text":"\"DJ Jazz Jeff Interview Made From Scratch\""},{"url":"http://www.jazzyjefffreshprince.com/interviews/dj-jazzy-jeff/jazzy-jeff-made-from-scratch.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Word Records\". Discogs.com. Retrieved October 13, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/label/42031-Word-Records","url_text":"\"Word Records\""}]},{"reference":"\"Jazz Jeff & Fresh Prince* - Girls Ain't Nothing But Trouble\". Discogs.com. 1986. Retrieved October 13, 2019.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.discogs.com/Jazz-Jeff-Fresh-Prince-Girls-Aint-Nothing-But-Trouble/release/395629","url_text":"\"Jazz Jeff & Fresh Prince* - Girls Ain't Nothing But Trouble\""}]},{"reference":"\"Will Smith: My Work Ethic Is \"Sickening\"\". CBS. November 30, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/30/60minutes/main3558937_page2.shtml","url_text":"\"Will Smith: My Work Ethic Is \"Sickening\"\""}]},{"reference":"\"Clarence Holmes v. Willard Smith (No. 03-1171), page 5\" (PDF). law.villanova.edu. Villanova University School of Law. April 16, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2007. On appeal, the parties agree that the year Holmes stopped performing with Smith was 1990, nine years before Holmes brought this suit against Smith","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110607084730/http://vls.law.vill.edu/Locator/3d/April2004/031171np.pdf","url_text":"\"Clarence Holmes v. Willard Smith (No. 03-1171), page 5\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanova_University","url_text":"Villanova University"},{"url":"https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.co.uk/&httpsredir=1&article=1823&context=thirdcircuit_2004","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Fresh Ink Talks to Jazzy Jeff & Fresh Prince\". jazzyjefffreshprince.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2008.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20071226065439/http://www.jazzyjefffreshprince.com/interviews/fresh-prince/rapping-with-jazzy-jeff-and-fresh-prince.htm","url_text":"\"Fresh Ink Talks to Jazzy Jeff & Fresh Prince\""},{"url":"http://www.jazzyjefffreshprince.com/interviews/fresh-prince/rapping-with-jazzy-jeff-and-fresh-prince.htm","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangini
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Sangini
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["1 Description","2 Mythological story","3 See also","4 References","5 External links"]
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Nepalese dance form
SanginiNative nameसङ्गिनीEtymologyFemale friendsGenreFolk danceOriginHilly region of Nepal
Sangini (Nepali: संगिनी) is a particular type of song and dance perform by the Nepali womenfolk during the occasion of a religious festival Tihar and Teej. It originated in the hilly regions of Nepal and is performed by Nepali women from Nepal and parts of India and Bhutan.
Description
The Sangini dance is performed on other occasions also for entertainment but not in a big scale. The women folk of the village perform Sangini dance at the courtyard of the house or temples amid the green sylvan surroundings. The dancers themselves sing Songs. This dance belong to the high caste of Nepali community among the Brahmin and Chettris. The married away daughters come from afar and assemble in the house of their parents to take part in the dance. They meet their long forgotten friends there and take part in the dance with them. In this dance Ladies perform Sangini dance holding plates of Kalasha or Diyo or carrying Kalash on the head.
Mythological story
The mythological story of Sangini goes back to the mythic story of Hindu god Shiva and goddess Parvati. It was goddess Parvati whose heart was filled with torment and agony to see many of the young widows who lost their husband in the early age. Goddess Parvati pleads to Shiva to save the young married girls from their curse. Shiva advocated Parvati to ask these young married girls to offer puja in his name. Hence, it is possibly believed that they would be saved from being untimely widow if they offer pujas to Lord Shiva.
See also
Dhan Nach
Maruni
References
^ "---: Cultural Affairs & Heritage Department - Government of Sikkim :---". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
^ "Face Nepal: Sangini Dance 'Girls and friends getting together to celebrate the Festival'". Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
^ Datta, Amaresh (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti. ISBN 9788126011940. Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
External links
A sample of a Sangini dance performance, from youtube.com.
This article about Nepalese dance is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Nepali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_language"},{"link_name":"Nepali","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal"},{"link_name":"Tihar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_(festival)"},{"link_name":"Teej","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teej"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"}],"text":"Sangini (Nepali: संगिनी) is a particular type of song and dance perform by the Nepali womenfolk during the occasion of a religious festival Tihar and Teej.[1] It originated in the hilly regions of Nepal and is performed by Nepali women from Nepal and parts of India and Bhutan.","title":"Sangini"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Brahmin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin"},{"link_name":"Chettris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhetri"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"Kalasha","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalasha"},{"link_name":"Diyo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diya_(lamp)"}],"text":"The Sangini dance is performed on other occasions also for entertainment but not in a big scale. The women folk of the village perform Sangini dance at the courtyard of the house or temples amid the green sylvan surroundings. The dancers themselves sing Songs. This dance belong to the high caste of Nepali community among the Brahmin and Chettris.[2] The married away daughters come from afar and assemble in the house of their parents to take part in the dance. They meet their long forgotten friends there and take part in the dance with them. In this dance Ladies perform Sangini dance holding plates of Kalasha or Diyo or carrying Kalash on the head.","title":"Description"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Shiva","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva"},{"link_name":"Parvati","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvati"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"The mythological story of Sangini goes back to the mythic story of Hindu god Shiva and goddess Parvati. It was goddess Parvati whose heart was filled with torment and agony to see many of the young widows who lost their husband in the early age. Goddess Parvati pleads to Shiva to save the young married girls from their curse. Shiva advocated Parvati to ask these young married girls to offer puja in his name. Hence, it is possibly believed that they would be saved from being untimely widow if they offer pujas to Lord Shiva. [3]","title":"Mythological story"}]
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[]
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[{"title":"Dhan Nach","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhan_Nach"},{"title":"Maruni","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruni"}]
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[{"reference":"\"---: Cultural Affairs & Heritage Department - Government of Sikkim :---\". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2013-01-23.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Dances/Seasonal%20Dances.aspx","url_text":"\"---: Cultural Affairs & Heritage Department - Government of Sikkim :---\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204034/http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Dances/Seasonal%20Dances.aspx","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"\"Face Nepal: Sangini Dance 'Girls and friends getting together to celebrate the Festival'\". Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-05.","urls":[{"url":"http://nepalesefolkdance.blogspot.com/2015/01/sangini-dance-is-belongs-to-hindu-women.html#.VmLmur8ZzqQ","url_text":"\"Face Nepal: Sangini Dance 'Girls and friends getting together to celebrate the Festival'\""},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155719/http://nepalesefolkdance.blogspot.com/2015/01/sangini-dance-is-belongs-to-hindu-women.html#.VmLmur8ZzqQ","url_text":"Archived"}]},{"reference":"Datta, Amaresh (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti. ISBN 9788126011940. Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2021-10-09.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=Sangini+dance&pg=PA1305","url_text":"Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126011940","url_text":"9788126011940"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211011135142/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Indian_Literature/zB4n3MVozbUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Sangini+dance&pg=PA1305&printsec=frontcover","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Dances/Seasonal%20Dances.aspx","external_links_name":"\"---: Cultural Affairs & Heritage Department - Government of Sikkim :---\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204034/http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Dances/Seasonal%20Dances.aspx","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"http://nepalesefolkdance.blogspot.com/2015/01/sangini-dance-is-belongs-to-hindu-women.html#.VmLmur8ZzqQ","external_links_name":"\"Face Nepal: Sangini Dance 'Girls and friends getting together to celebrate the Festival'\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20151208155719/http://nepalesefolkdance.blogspot.com/2015/01/sangini-dance-is-belongs-to-hindu-women.html#.VmLmur8ZzqQ","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&q=Sangini+dance&pg=PA1305","external_links_name":"Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211011135142/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Indian_Literature/zB4n3MVozbUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Sangini+dance&pg=PA1305&printsec=frontcover","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3806eFBm7I","external_links_name":"sample"},{"Link":"https://www.youtube.com/","external_links_name":"youtube.com"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangini&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Home_(A_Girl_Like_Me)
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Take Me Home (Cher song)
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["1 Background and composition","2 Release and reception","3 Live performances","4 Charts","4.1 Weekly charts","4.2 Year-end charts","5 Certifications","6 Sophie Ellis-Bextor version","6.1 Background","6.2 Production and composition","6.3 Release and reception","6.4 Promotion","6.5 Charts","6.5.1 Weekly charts","6.5.2 Year-end charts","6.6 Certifications","6.7 Release history","7 References"]
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1979 single by Cher
"Take Me Home"US vinyl single artworkSingle by Cherfrom the album Take Me Home B-side"Wasn't It Good""My Song (Too Far Gone)"ReleasedJanuary 1979 (1979-01)Recorded1978GenreDiscoLength6:45 (album version)3:30 (single version)LabelCasablancaSongwriter(s)Michele AllerBob EstyProducer(s)Bob EstyCher singles chronology
"Pirate" (1977)
"Take Me Home" (1979)
"Wasn't It Good" (1979)
"Take Me Home" is a song recorded by American singer and actress Cher for her fifteenth studio album. The album, released in 1979, bore the same name as the single. "Take Me Home" is a disco song conceived after Cher was recommended to venture into said genre after the commercial failure of her previous albums. The lyrics center around the request of a woman to be taken home by her lover. It was released as the lead single from the Take Me Home album in January 1979 through Casablanca Records, pressed as a 12-inch single.
Music critics gave positive reviews of "Take Me Home", highlighting its sound and melody. The single fared well in the United States charts, peaking at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and entering three of its component charts. In Oceania, it entered the singles chart of New Zealand at number 49. It was also a hit in Canada, reaching the top-ten of the singles chart.
Background and composition
"Take Me Home"
30 second audio sample of "Take Me Home"
Problems playing this file? See media help.
After releasing the studio albums Stars (1975), I'd Rather Believe in You (1976), Cherished and Two the Hard Way (1977), which became commercial failures, Cher went to the headquarters of Casablanca Records, in order to start recording for a new full-length record. She was hoping to record rock and roll-tinged music, though she was quickly advised by Neil Bogart to delve into disco music before recording with a genre that, according to him, she was not very good at. She was reluctant to take his advice, as she regarded disco as a "superficial" genre and did not believe it was "serious music". However, she took his advice, and started working with Bob Esty, who arranged and produced records for Donna Summer and Barbra Streisand. Esty was skeptical of Cher's decision to record disco music, although he changed his mind after he began recording with her. The first song he played her was a demo of "Take Me Home", which Cher said she liked.
"Take Me Home" is a disco song running at a length of six minutes and forty-five seconds (6:45). Its lyrics see Cher asking her partner to "take her home", which is an indirect way of expressing her desire to have sexual intercourse. For the book The Persistence of Sentiment: Display and Feeling in Popular Music of the 1970s, Mitchell Morris commented on the song: "Ostensibly a plea to be chosen, the song relies on the musical force of the arrangement combined with Cher's vocal presence to turn this plea into an irresistible demand, the auditory equivalent of the showgirl's direct gaze."
Release and reception
"Take Me Home" was released in the United States as a 12-inch single at a 33 ⅓ rpm by Casablanca Records, containing the original version of "Take Me Home" and B-side "Wasn't It Good". Therefore, it served as the album's lead single. Promotional versions were also sent to radio stations in the United States with a different coloring on the vinyl, although with the same track listing. In Germany and France, the vinyl was pressed by Philips and branded as a "Super Single" and substituted "Wasn't It Good" with "My Song (Far Too Gone)". Some international pressings' vinyl sleeves had the same image as that of its parent album printed, featuring Cher dressed in a "gilded Viking warrior get-up", a winged bikini bottom, wings and a gold scabbard attached to her hip. UGO Networks' K. Thor Jensen considered the sleeve to be her "bad taste highwater mark", and named her outfit "Flash Gordon-esque". In the United Kingdom, when "Wasn't It Good" was issued as a vinyl single, "Take Me Home" served as its B-side.
The staff of Billboard magazine picked it as a recommended disco single and wrote: " is an upbeat, cleanly produced sound with a light, easy melody. It's sure to catch the ears of the disco set." A reviewer for AllMusic singled out the track from its parent album, feeling it was one of its "track picks". Having spent in total 20 weeks on the US Billboard Hot 100, "Take Me Home" peaked at number eight, thus making it Cher's first top 10 single since 1974's "Dark Lady". It also entered its component charts of Adult Contemporary, Hot Dance Club Play (now the Hot Dance Club Songs) and Hot Soul Singles (now Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs) charts, respectively, at numbers 19, two and 21. It was certified Gold in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 3, 1979. Billboard ran an article on Cher's biggest hits on the Hot 100, where "Take Me Home" was listed as the eleventh. The single was a hit in Canada, where it reached the top 10 on the charts. In New Zealand it reached number 49 and stayed for two weeks before leaving the chart.
Live performances
Cher performed the song on her Take Me Home Tour wearing a shiny silver wig along with a matching silver sequin dress. She performed the song for the first time in twenty years on her concerts from her Do You Believe? Tour, which ran from 1999 to 2000, wearing an almost identical silver sequined outfit she wore during the Take Me Home tour. During her Living Proof: The Farewell Tour (2002–05), she performed it in a similar fashion, changing the wig and shirt-and-pants set's color to a sparkly red. At her residence in Las Vegas at Caesars Palace, in the show Cher at the Colosseum, Cher performed the song in a similar costume in turquoise color. Cher also performed the song in her Classic Cher shows with the turquoise costume from Caesars Palace.
Charts
Weekly charts
Weekly chart performance for "Take Me Home"
Chart (1979)
Peakposition
Canada Top Singles (RPM)
10
Canada Dance Singles (RPM)
11
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)
41
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)
49
Spain Radio (Los 40)
13
US Billboard Hot 100
8
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)
19
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)
2
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)
21
US Cash Box Top 100
10
Year-end charts
Year-end performance for "Take Me Home"
Chart (1979)
Position
Canada Top Singles
77
US Billboard Hot 100
56
Certifications
Certifications and sales for "Take Me Home"
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
United States (RIAA)
Gold
1,000,000^
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sophie Ellis-Bextor version
"Take Me Home"Single by Sophie Ellis-Bextorfrom the album Read My Lips B-side"Sparkle"ReleasedAugust 13, 2001 (2001-08-13)Genre
Dance-pop
nu-disco
Length4:06LabelPolydorSongwriter(s)
Esty
Aller
Sophie Ellis-Bextor
Producer(s)Damian LeGassickSophie Ellis-Bextor singles chronology
"Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)" (2000)
"Take Me Home" (2001)
"Murder on the Dancefloor" (2001)
Music video"Take Me Home" on YouTube
"Take Me Home" (also known as "Take Me Home (A Girl Like Me)") was covered by English recording artist Sophie Ellis-Bextor for her debut studio album Read My Lips (2001). It contains rewritten lyrics by Ellis-Bextor, while British musician Damian LeGassick handled production and a few other tasks. Polydor Records released it as both a digital download and a CD single on August 13, 2001, alongside a remix and B-side track "Sparkle".
An accompanying music video, directed by Sophie Muller, was included in the CD single release and features Ellis-Bextor in a variety of outfits and high-couture clothes. In 2018, "Take Me Home" was released in a re-recorded orchestral version as the second single off Ellis-Bextor's greatest hits compilation The Song Diaries.
Background
Ellis-Bextor first ventured into the music business as the frontwoman for indie rock band theaudience. A moderately successful band, they released an album with Mercury Records and eLLeFFe, which spawned various singles, including "I Know Enough (I Don't Get Enough)", which reached number twenty-five on the UK Singles Chart. After finishing up the promotion for their debut album, they recorded a demo tape for a potential second album, however, Mercury dropped them and they split shortly afterwards. Following the disbandment of the group, Ellis-Bextor recorded vocals for DJ Spiller's single "Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)", which ultimately became a commercial success, peaking at number one on the UK Singles Chart in 2000.
Production and composition
Yoad Nevo pictured programmed the bass guitar.
The track was produced by British musician Damian LeGassick, who also mixed and engineered the song. He additionally played the keyboards and the guitar while programming them. The bass guitar was played by Guy Pratt and programmed by Yoad Nevo. Jake Davis served as an engineer for mix; he also helmed the additional programming and sound design. The sound was remixed and additionally produced by Jeremy Wheatley at the Townhouse studios, while Ellis-Bextor's vocals were produced and recorded by Bacon & Quarmby at the Strongroom studios.
Being a cover of Cher's song, the song retains writing credits for Bob Esty and Michele Aller, while Ellis-Bextor included new lyrics written by herself. While both versions address sexual intercourse, the publication noted that in the original version, Cher "sings romantically about 'makin' love'" while Ellis-Bextor sings "more aggressive" lyrics such as "only fair I get my way". Even before Ellis-Bextor had released the cover, Cher's management deemed the rewritten lyrics overly sexual. To NME, Ellis-Bextor stated:
I was told by my publishers that Cher heard my version and she doesn't like my new lyrics. She thinks it's too overtly sexual. But the original writers were happy for me to do that—Cher didn't actually write it so she didn't get approval about what happened to the song. Now apparently she's heard what I've done and she doesn't like it.
Release and reception
"Take Me Home" was released by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom on August 13, 2001, and in the United States as an import. It was released as a legal digital download and an enhanced maxi CD single; both featured the Ellis-Bextor cover, B-side "Sparkle" and a Jewels & Stone remix, while the latter contained the song's music video for the song. The single was also pressed as an edition dubbed the "Mixes & Remixes" EP, released only in France. A 12-inch single was also pressed in the United Kingdom, with remixes. Two AllMusic writers reviewed the song. Upon its release as a single, Dean Carlson gave it a negative rating of one and a half star out of five, commenting: " Ellis Bextor is well aware of what's required for beating the likes of Victoria Beckham and Emma Bunton at their own game—simply take Cher's "Take Me Home" and add one disco beat circa ABBA's 'Fernando', being mindful to avoid its cocaine harmonies and the air of free love , techno-fy it with random fiddly bits, sing with the breathless detachment of someone getting a massage from a lumberjack, and chuck in some remixes just so everybody knows that you're not utterly out of step." After its parent album's release, Kelvin Hayes denoted it as one of the album's strongest tracks, as did Toby Manning from Q. For Yahoo! Music, Gary Crossing wrote that the album "start well with the song", while describing it as Spiller-esque. Betty Clarke of The Guardian regarded "Take Me Home" as a "pleasant enough song", though she called the production and Ellis-Bextor's vocals "more tired than sexy".
On the UK Singles Chart, the song was a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number 2. While extensively analyzing the song, Justin Myers from the Official Charts Company observed that although the song had reached the runner-up position on the UK Singles Chart, it was largely overshadowed by "Murder on the Dancefloor". In Netherlands and Germany, the song peaked at number 79, respectively on the Dutch Top 40 and Media Control Charts—staying on each chart for respectively 12 and 5 weeks. The song also reached top 20 on the Recorded Music NZ singles chart of New Zealand, where it stayed for 14 weeks before leaving the chart.
Promotion
To promote the song, Sophie Muller filmed a music video for "Take Me Home" which was released on the song's CD single. The video was also included in her video album Watch My Lips (2002).' It opens with Ellis-Bextor, dressed in a black one-strap dress, in front of a yellow-toned painting of a woman with red lips. Throughout the music video, Ellis-Bextor is seen in a variety of dresses and outfits—she appears standing in front of a green mural with a flowery large tablecloth, while dressing a see-through shirt, which reveals her black bra; other scene shows her with a dark green gown; other shows her with a flower and leaves pattern and holding a in front of a projected image which shows the Eiffel Tower from far. She also appears dressed in a green trench coat in another scene. Usually, costume and location scenes are accompanied by a change of gradient color, which are projected onto Ellis-Bextor. By the middle of the video, she walks across a street, surrounded by formally-dressed men, who dance around her and lift her. After the song's middle 8 plays, the lights of the street turn on and various French event posters are shown. The video concludes as they all enter a disco club. She also performed the track at the Read My Lips Tour (2002–03), serving as its encore. Ellis-Bextor would shortly introduce the song, with green eye makeup and red lipstick, dressed in a cream-colored dress and pink heels. As the backing track started playing, she would start singing and clapping her hands as the public imitated her, and the audience was showered with confetti.
Charts
Weekly charts
Weekly chart performance for "Take Me Home"
Chart (2001–2002)
Peakposition
Australia (ARIA)
106
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)
13
Germany (Official German Charts)
79
Ireland (IRMA)
6
Italy (FIMI)
43
Netherlands (Single Top 100)
79
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)
18
Scotland (OCC)
1
UK Singles (OCC)
2
UK Dance (OCC)
18
Year-end charts
Year-end chart performance for "Take Me Home"
Chart (2001)
Position
Ireland (IRMA)
64
UK Singles (OCC)
46
Certifications
Certifications and sales for "Take Me Home"
Region
Certification
Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)
Silver
264,000
Release history
Release dates and formats for "Take Me Home"
Region
Date
Format(s)
Label(s)
Ref(s).
United Kingdom
August 13, 2001
12-inch vinylCDcassette
Polydor
Australia
CD
References
^ "Billboard Top 100 Archive – February 10, 1979". Billboard. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
^ a b c Bego, Mark (2004). Cher: If You Believe. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 125, 127.
^ Brackett, Nathan; David Hoard, Christian (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. p. 159. ISBN 9780743201698.
^ Morris, Mitchell (2013). The Persistence of Sentiment: Display and Feeling in Popular Music of the 1970s. The Regents of the University of California. p. 169.
^ Take Me Home (United States official 12-inch single). Cher. 1979.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Take Me Home (United States promotional 12-inch single). Cher. 1979.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Take Me Home (German vinyl). Cher. Philips. 1979.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Take Me Home (France 12-inch single). Cher. 1979.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Thor Jensen, K. (September 3, 2008). "Weirdest & Worst Album Covers". UGO Networks. IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on November 17, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
^ "Wasn't It Good" (United Kingdom 12-inch single). Cher. 1979.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ "Billboard's Top Single Picks". Billboard. No. 8120. Prometheus Global Media. February 10, 1979. p. 62.
^ "Cher – Take Me Home". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
^ a b c "Cher – Take Me Home – Awards". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
^ a b "American single certifications – Cher – Take Me Home". Recording Industry Association of America.
^ Caulfield, Keith (May 20, 2013). "Cher's Biggest Billboard Hits". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
^ a b "Take Me Home in Canadian Top Singles Chart". Library and Archives Canada. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
^ a b "Cher – Take Me Home". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
^ Mallet, David (1999). Live in Concert (VHS video). Warner Bros. Records.
^ Mallet, David (2003). The Farewell Tour (VHS video). Warner Bros. Records.
^ "Take Me Home in Canadian Top Singles Chart". Library and Archives Canada. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. March 24, 1979. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
^ Fernando Salaverri (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955–1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
^ "Top 100 1979-05-19". Cashbox Magazine. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
^ "Billboard Top 100 - 1979". Retrieved September 15, 2009.
^ "Theaudience (Singles)". Official Charts Company. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
^ Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. p. 980. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
^ "Spiller". Official Charts Company. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
^ a b Read My Lips (Media notes). Sophie Ellis-Bextor. Polydor Records. 2001.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ a b "Cher and Sophie's Domestic!". NME. IPC Media. August 8, 2001. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
^ "Take Me Home – Sophie Ellis-Bextor". iTunes Store. Apple. August 13, 2001. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ "Take Me Home". Amazon. August 13, 2001. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ Take Me Home (Mixes & Remixes) (French Maxi CD single). Polydor Records. 2001.
^ "Take Me Home" (12-inch single from the United Kingdom). Sophie Ellis-Bextor. Polydor Records. 2001.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
^ Carlson, Dean. "Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Take Me Home ". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ Hayes, Kelvin. "Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Read My Lips". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ Manning, Toby. "Review: Sophie Ellis Bextor - Read My Lips". Q (Q181, September 2001): 109.
^ Crossing, Gary (September 3, 2001). "Sophie Ellis-Bextor - 'Read My Lips'". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo!. Archived from the original on January 6, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ Clarke, Betty (August 31, 2001). "Chill of the ice maiden". The Guardian. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ Myers, Justin (October 26, 2013). "Official Charts Company Pop Gem #29: Sophie Ellis Bextor – Take Me Home". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
^ Bextor, Robin; Hanning, Simon. Watch My Lips (DVD video). Universal Music.
^ "Part of Sophie Ellis Bextor's ARIA chart history 2000 to 2022, received from ARIA in 2022 page 1". ARIA. Retrieved January 9, 2024 – via Imgur.com. N.B. The High Point number in the NAT column represents the release's peak on the national chart.
^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 16, no. 36. September 1, 2001. p. 11. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
^ "Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Take Me Home" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Take Me Home (A Girl Like Me)". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Take Me Home". Top Digital Download. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Take Me Home" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Take Me Home". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Official Dance Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "Ireland – Top Singles for 2001". Allcharts. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
^ "The Official UK Singles Chart 2001" (PDF). UKChartsPlus. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
^ Copsey, Rob (August 19, 2021). "Sophie Ellis-Bextor remembers her debut single Take Me Home: "I still love this song"". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
^ a b "British single certifications – Ellis-Bextor Sophie – Take Me Home". British Phonographic Industry.
^ "New Releases – For Week Starting August 13, 2001: Singles" (PDF). Music Week. August 11, 2001. p. 23. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
^ "The ARIA Report: ARIA New Releases Singles – Week Commencing 13th August 2001" (PDF). ARIA. August 13, 2001. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2002. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
vteCher singles1960s singles
"All I Really Want to Do"
"Where Do You Go"
"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)"
"Alfie"
"I Feel Something in the Air"
"Sunny"
"Behind the Door"
"Mama (When My Dollies Have Babies)"
"Hey Joe"
"You Better Sit Down Kids"
"The Click Song"
"Take Me for a Little While"
"Yours Until Tomorrow"
"Chastity's Song (Band of Thieves)"
"I Walk on Guilded Splinters"
"For What It's Worth"
1970s singles
"Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves"
"The Way of Love"
"Living in a House Divided"
"Don't Hide Your Love"
"Am I Blue?"
"Half-Breed"
"Dark Lady"
"Train of Thought"
"I Saw a Man and He Danced with His Wife"
"Rescue Me"
"Geronimo's Cadillac"
"Long Distance Love Affair"
"Pirate"
"War Paint and Soft Feathers"
"Take Me Home"
"Wasn't It Good"
"It's Too Late to Love Me Now"
"Hell on Wheels"
1980s singles
"I Paralyze"
"I Found Someone"
"We All Sleep Alone"
"Skin Deep"
"After All"
"If I Could Turn Back Time"
"Just Like Jesse James"
1990s singles
"Heart of Stone"
"You Wouldn't Know Love"
"Baby I'm Yours"
"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)"
"Love and Understanding"
"Save Up All Your Tears"
"Love Hurts"
"Could've Been You"
"When Lovers Become Strangers"
"Oh No Not My Baby"
"Whenever You're Near"
"Many Rivers to Cross"
"Walking in Memphis"
"One by One"
"Not Enough Love in the World"
"The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore"
"Paradise Is Here"
"Believe"
"Strong Enough"
"All or Nothing"
"Dov'è l'amore"
2000s singles
"The Music's No Good Without You"
"Song for the Lonely"
"Alive Again"
"A Different Kind of Love Song"
"When the Money's Gone"
"Love One Another"
2010s singles
"You Haven't Seen the Last of Me"
"Woman's World"
"I Hope You Find It"
"Take It Like a Man"
"I Walk Alone"
"Fernando"
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)"
"SOS"
2020s singles
"Chiquitita"
"DJ Play a Christmas Song"
Promotional singles
"Ringo, I Love You"
"Superstar"
"Classified 1A"
"Carousel Man"
"Holdin' Out for Love"
"Bad Love"
"Rudy"
"Bang Bang"
"Main Man"
"Human"
"Sirens"
"Ooga Boo"
"One of Us"
Other songs
"Our Day Will Come"
"Fernando"
"Dressed to Kill"
Guest singles
"A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)"
"Dead Ringer for Love"
"I Got You Babe"
"It Ain't Necessarily So"
"Love Can Build a Bridge"
"Più che puoi"
"Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered"
"Stop Crying Your Heart Out"
Category
vteSophie Ellis-Bextor
Discography
Songs
Albums
Read My Lips
Shoot from the Hip
Trip the Light Fantastic
Make a Scene
Wanderlust
Familia
Hana
Live albums
Kitchen Disco – Live at the London Palladium
Compilations
The Song Diaries
Songs from the Kitchen Disco
Singles
"Take Me Home"
"Murder on the Dancefloor"
"Get Over You" / "Move This Mountain"
"Music Gets the Best of Me"
"Mixed Up World"
"I Won't Change You"
"Catch You"
"Me and My Imagination"
"Today the Sun's on Us"
"If I Can't Dance"
"Bittersweet"
"Off & On"
"Starlight"
"Young Blood"
"Runaway Daydreamer"
"Love Is a Camera"
"The Deer & the Wolf"
"Hypnotized"
Featured singles
"Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)"
"Circles (Just My Good Time)"
"Heartbreak (Make Me a Dancer)"
"Can't Fight This Feeling"
"Not Giving Up on Love"
Tours
Read My Lips Tour
Related articles
Theaudience
Janet Ellis
Robin Bextor
Richard Jones
Watch My Lips
Authority control databases
MusicBrainz work
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[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Cher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher"},{"link_name":"studio album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album"},{"link_name":"same name","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Home_(Cher_album)"},{"link_name":"disco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco"},{"link_name":"lead single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_single"},{"link_name":"Casablanca Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca_Records"},{"link_name":"12-inch single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-inch_single"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"}],"text":"1979 single by Cher\"Take Me Home\" is a song recorded by American singer and actress Cher for her fifteenth studio album. The album, released in 1979, bore the same name as the single. \"Take Me Home\" is a disco song conceived after Cher was recommended to venture into said genre after the commercial failure of her previous albums. The lyrics center around the request of a woman to be taken home by her lover. It was released as the lead single from the Take Me Home album in January 1979 through Casablanca Records, pressed as a 12-inch single.Music critics gave positive reviews of \"Take Me Home\", highlighting its sound and melody. The single fared well in the United States charts, peaking at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and entering three of its component charts. In Oceania, it entered the singles chart of New Zealand at number 49. It was also a hit in Canada, reaching the top-ten of the singles chart.","title":"Take Me Home (Cher song)"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"\"Take Me Home\"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cher_-_Take_Me_Home.ogg"},{"link_name":"media help","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Media"},{"link_name":"Stars","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_(Cher_album)"},{"link_name":"I'd Rather Believe in You","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27d_Rather_Believe_in_You"},{"link_name":"Cherished","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherished"},{"link_name":"Two the Hard Way","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_the_Hard_Way"},{"link_name":"Casablanca Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca_Records"},{"link_name":"rock and roll","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll"},{"link_name":"Neil Bogart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Bogart"},{"link_name":"Donna Summer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Summer"},{"link_name":"Barbra Streisand","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbra_Streisand"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-believe-2"},{"link_name":"disco","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"sexual intercourse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_intercourse"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-believe-2"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"\"Take Me Home\"\n\n30 second audio sample of \"Take Me Home\"\nProblems playing this file? See media help.After releasing the studio albums Stars (1975), I'd Rather Believe in You (1976), Cherished and Two the Hard Way (1977), which became commercial failures, Cher went to the headquarters of Casablanca Records, in order to start recording for a new full-length record. She was hoping to record rock and roll-tinged music, though she was quickly advised by Neil Bogart to delve into disco music before recording with a genre that, according to him, she was not very good at. She was reluctant to take his advice, as she regarded disco as a \"superficial\" genre and did not believe it was \"serious music\". However, she took his advice, and started working with Bob Esty, who arranged and produced records for Donna Summer and Barbra Streisand. Esty was skeptical of Cher's decision to record disco music, although he changed his mind after he began recording with her. The first song he played her was a demo of \"Take Me Home\", which Cher said she liked.[2]\"Take Me Home\" is a disco song running at a length of six minutes and forty-five seconds (6:45).[3] Its lyrics see Cher asking her partner to \"take her home\", which is an indirect way of expressing her desire to have sexual intercourse.[2] For the book The Persistence of Sentiment: Display and Feeling in Popular Music of the 1970s, Mitchell Morris commented on the song: \"Ostensibly a plea to be chosen, the song relies on the musical force of the arrangement combined with Cher's vocal presence to turn this plea into an irresistible demand, the auditory equivalent of the showgirl's direct gaze.\"[4]","title":"Background and composition"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"12-inch single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-inch_single"},{"link_name":"rpm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute"},{"link_name":"B-side","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-side"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-vinyl1-7"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-believe-2"},{"link_name":"UGO Networks","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGO_Networks"},{"link_name":"Flash Gordon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_Gordon"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Wasn't It Good","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasn%27t_It_Good"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"AllMusic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"Dark Lady","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Lady_(song)"},{"link_name":"Adult Contemporary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Adult_Contemporary"},{"link_name":"Hot Dance Club Play","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Dance_Club_Songs"},{"link_name":"Hot Soul Singles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusicawards-13"},{"link_name":"Recording Industry Association of America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-United_StatesCherTake_Me_HomesingleCertRef-14"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Library_and_Archives_Canada-16"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nz-17"}],"text":"\"Take Me Home\" was released in the United States as a 12-inch single at a 33 ⅓ rpm by Casablanca Records, containing the original version of \"Take Me Home\" and B-side \"Wasn't It Good\". Therefore, it served as the album's lead single.[5] Promotional versions were also sent to radio stations in the United States with a different coloring on the vinyl, although with the same track listing.[6] In Germany and France, the vinyl was pressed by Philips and branded as a \"Super Single\" and substituted \"Wasn't It Good\" with \"My Song (Far Too Gone)\".[7][8] Some international pressings' vinyl sleeves had the same image as that of its parent album printed, featuring Cher dressed in a \"gilded Viking warrior get-up\", a winged bikini bottom, wings and a gold scabbard attached to her hip.[2] UGO Networks' K. Thor Jensen considered the sleeve to be her \"bad taste highwater mark\", and named her outfit \"Flash Gordon-esque\".[9] In the United Kingdom, when \"Wasn't It Good\" was issued as a vinyl single, \"Take Me Home\" served as its B-side.[10]The staff of Billboard magazine picked it as a recommended disco single and wrote: \"[The song] is an upbeat, cleanly produced sound with a light, easy melody. It's sure to catch the ears of the disco set.\"[11] A reviewer for AllMusic singled out the track from its parent album, feeling it was one of its \"track picks\".[12] Having spent in total 20 weeks on the US Billboard Hot 100, \"Take Me Home\" peaked at number eight, thus making it Cher's first top 10 single since 1974's \"Dark Lady\". It also entered its component charts of Adult Contemporary, Hot Dance Club Play (now the Hot Dance Club Songs) and Hot Soul Singles (now Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs) charts, respectively, at numbers 19, two and 21.[13] It was certified Gold in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on May 3, 1979.[14] Billboard ran an article on Cher's biggest hits on the Hot 100, where \"Take Me Home\" was listed as the eleventh.[15] The single was a hit in Canada, where it reached the top 10 on the charts.[16] In New Zealand it reached number 49 and stayed for two weeks before leaving the chart.[17]","title":"Release and reception"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Take Me Home Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Home_Tour_(Cher)"},{"link_name":"Do You Believe? Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_You_Believe%3F_Tour"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-18"},{"link_name":"Living Proof: The Farewell Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_Proof:_The_Farewell_Tour"},{"link_name":"Las Vegas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas"},{"link_name":"Caesars Palace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesars_Palace"},{"link_name":"Cher at the Colosseum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher_at_the_Colosseum"},{"link_name":"Classic Cher","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classic_Cher"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"}],"text":"Cher performed the song on her Take Me Home Tour wearing a shiny silver wig along with a matching silver sequin dress. She performed the song for the first time in twenty years on her concerts from her Do You Believe? Tour, which ran from 1999 to 2000, wearing an almost identical silver sequined outfit she wore during the Take Me Home tour.[18] During her Living Proof: The Farewell Tour (2002–05), she performed it in a similar fashion, changing the wig and shirt-and-pants set's color to a sparkly red. At her residence in Las Vegas at Caesars Palace, in the show Cher at the Colosseum, Cher performed the song in a similar costume in turquoise color. Cher also performed the song in her Classic Cher shows with the turquoise costume from Caesars Palace.[19]","title":"Live performances"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take_Me_Home_(Cher_song)&action=edit§ion=5"},{"link_name":"RPM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPM_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Library_and_Archives_Canada-16"},{"link_name":"RPM","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_dance_chart"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-20"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-21"},{"link_name":"Recorded Music NZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nz-17"},{"link_name":"Los 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_40"},{"link_name":"[22]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-22"},{"link_name":"Billboard Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100"},{"link_name":"[23]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-23"},{"link_name":"Adult Contemporary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Contemporary_(chart)"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"Dance Club Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusicawards-13"},{"link_name":"Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs"},{"link_name":"Billboard","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-allmusicawards-13"},{"link_name":"Cash Box","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashbox_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[24]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-24"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take_Me_Home_(Cher_song)&action=edit§ion=6"},{"link_name":"[25]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-25"},{"link_name":"[26]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-26"}],"text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\nWeekly chart performance for \"Take Me Home\"\n\n\nChart (1979)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nCanada Top Singles (RPM)[16]\n\n10\n\n\nCanada Dance Singles (RPM)[20]\n\n11\n\n\nCanada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[21]\n\n41\n\n\nNew Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17]\n\n49\n\n\nSpain Radio (Los 40)[22]\n\n13\n\n\nUS Billboard Hot 100[23]\n\n8\n\n\nUS Adult Contemporary (Billboard)\n\n19\n\n\nUS Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[13]\n\n2\n\n\nUS Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[13]\n\n21\n\n\nUS Cash Box Top 100[24]\n\n10\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\nYear-end performance for \"Take Me Home\"\n\n\nChart (1979)\n\nPosition\n\n\nCanada Top Singles[25]\n\n77\n\n\nUS Billboard Hot 100[26]\n\n56","title":"Charts"},{"links_in_text":[],"title":"Certifications"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor"},{"link_name":"studio album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_album"},{"link_name":"Read My Lips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_My_Lips_(Sophie_Ellis-Bextor_album)"},{"link_name":"Polydor Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydor_Records"},{"link_name":"Sophie Muller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Muller"},{"link_name":"The Song Diaries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Song_Diaries"}],"text":"\"Take Me Home\" (also known as \"Take Me Home (A Girl Like Me)\") was covered by English recording artist Sophie Ellis-Bextor for her debut studio album Read My Lips (2001). It contains rewritten lyrics by Ellis-Bextor, while British musician Damian LeGassick handled production and a few other tasks. Polydor Records released it as both a digital download and a CD single on August 13, 2001, alongside a remix and B-side track \"Sparkle\".An accompanying music video, directed by Sophie Muller, was included in the CD single release and features Ellis-Bextor in a variety of outfits and high-couture clothes. In 2018, \"Take Me Home\" was released in a re-recorded orchestral version as the second single off Ellis-Bextor's greatest hits compilation The Song Diaries.","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"theaudience","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theaudience"},{"link_name":"Mercury Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_Records"},{"link_name":"I Know Enough (I Don't Get Enough)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Know_Enough_(I_Don%27t_Get_Enough)"},{"link_name":"UK Singles Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"[27]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-27"},{"link_name":"[28]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-The_Great_Rock_Discography-28"},{"link_name":"Spiller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiller"},{"link_name":"Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groovejet_(If_This_Ain%27t_Love)"},{"link_name":"UK Singles Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"[29]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29"}],"sub_title":"Background","text":"Ellis-Bextor first ventured into the music business as the frontwoman for indie rock band theaudience. A moderately successful band, they released an album with Mercury Records and eLLeFFe, which spawned various singles, including \"I Know Enough (I Don't Get Enough)\", which reached number twenty-five on the UK Singles Chart.[27] After finishing up the promotion for their debut album, they recorded a demo tape for a potential second album, however, Mercury dropped them and they split shortly afterwards.[28] Following the disbandment of the group, Ellis-Bextor recorded vocals for DJ Spiller's single \"Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)\", which ultimately became a commercial success, peaking at number one on the UK Singles Chart in 2000.[29]","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yoad_Nevo_Photo.jpg"},{"link_name":"Yoad Nevo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoad_Nevo"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-30"},{"link_name":"[30]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-liner-30"},{"link_name":"sexual intercourse","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_intercourse"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nme-31"},{"link_name":"NME","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Musical_Express"},{"link_name":"[31]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nme-31"}],"sub_title":"Production and composition","text":"Yoad Nevo pictured programmed the bass guitar.The track was produced by British musician Damian LeGassick, who also mixed and engineered the song. He additionally played the keyboards and the guitar while programming them. The bass guitar was played by Guy Pratt and programmed by Yoad Nevo. Jake Davis served as an engineer for mix; he also helmed the additional programming and sound design. The sound was remixed and additionally produced by Jeremy Wheatley at the Townhouse studios, while Ellis-Bextor's vocals were produced and recorded by Bacon & Quarmby at the Strongroom studios.[30]Being a cover of Cher's song, the song retains writing credits for Bob Esty and Michele Aller, while Ellis-Bextor included new lyrics written by herself.[30] While both versions address sexual intercourse, the publication noted that in the original version, Cher \"sings romantically about 'makin' love'\" while Ellis-Bextor sings \"more aggressive\" lyrics such as \"only fair I get my way\".[31] Even before Ellis-Bextor had released the cover, Cher's management deemed the rewritten lyrics overly sexual. To NME, Ellis-Bextor stated:I was told by my publishers that Cher heard my version and she doesn't like my new lyrics. She thinks it's too overtly sexual. But the original writers were happy for me to do that—Cher didn't actually write it so she didn't get approval about what happened to the song. Now apparently she's heard what I've done and she doesn't like it.[31]","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Polydor Records","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydor_Records"},{"link_name":"legal digital download","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_download"},{"link_name":"maxi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxi_single"},{"link_name":"CD single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD_single"},{"link_name":"music video","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#Music_video"},{"link_name":"[32]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-itunes-32"},{"link_name":"[33]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-cd-33"},{"link_name":"[34]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-mixes-34"},{"link_name":"12-inch single","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-inch_single"},{"link_name":"[35]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-uktwelve-35"},{"link_name":"AllMusic","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic"},{"link_name":"ABBA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABBA"},{"link_name":"Fernando","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_(song)"},{"link_name":"[36]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36"},{"link_name":"Q","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(magazine)"},{"link_name":"[37]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37"},{"link_name":"[38]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Q_review-38"},{"link_name":"Yahoo! Music","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_Music"},{"link_name":"Spiller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiller"},{"link_name":"[39]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-yahoo!-39"},{"link_name":"The Guardian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"},{"link_name":"[40]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-guardian-40"},{"link_name":"UK Singles Chart","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"Official Charts Company","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"Murder on the Dancefloor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_on_the_Dancefloor"},{"link_name":"[41]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-official-41"},{"link_name":"Dutch Top 40","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Top_40"},{"link_name":"Media Control Charts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Control_Charts"},{"link_name":"Recorded Music NZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ"}],"sub_title":"Release and reception","text":"\"Take Me Home\" was released by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom on August 13, 2001, and in the United States as an import. It was released as a legal digital download and an enhanced maxi CD single; both featured the Ellis-Bextor cover, B-side \"Sparkle\" and a Jewels & Stone remix, while the latter contained the song's music video for the song.[32][33] The single was also pressed as an edition dubbed the \"Mixes & Remixes\" EP, released only in France.[34] A 12-inch single was also pressed in the United Kingdom, with remixes.[35] Two AllMusic writers reviewed the song. Upon its release as a single, Dean Carlson gave it a negative rating of one and a half star out of five, commenting: \"[...] Ellis Bextor is well aware of what's required for beating the likes of Victoria Beckham and Emma Bunton at their own game—simply take Cher's \"Take Me Home\" and add one disco beat circa ABBA's 'Fernando', being mindful to avoid its cocaine harmonies and the air of free love [...], techno-fy it with random fiddly bits, sing with the breathless detachment of someone getting a massage from a lumberjack, and chuck in some remixes just so everybody knows that you're not utterly out of step.\"[36] After its parent album's release, Kelvin Hayes denoted it as one of the album's strongest tracks, as did Toby Manning from Q.[37][38] For Yahoo! Music, Gary Crossing wrote that the album \"start[ed] well with the song\", while describing it as Spiller-esque.[39] Betty Clarke of The Guardian regarded \"Take Me Home\" as a \"pleasant enough song\", though she called the production and Ellis-Bextor's vocals \"more tired than sexy\".[40]On the UK Singles Chart, the song was a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number 2. While extensively analyzing the song, Justin Myers from the Official Charts Company observed that although the song had reached the runner-up position on the UK Singles Chart, it was largely overshadowed by \"Murder on the Dancefloor\".[41] In Netherlands and Germany, the song peaked at number 79, respectively on the Dutch Top 40 and Media Control Charts—staying on each chart for respectively 12 and 5 weeks. The song also reached top 20 on the Recorded Music NZ singles chart of New Zealand, where it stayed for 14 weeks before leaving the chart.","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Sophie Muller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Muller"},{"link_name":"video album","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_album"},{"link_name":"Watch My Lips","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_My_Lips"},{"link_name":"Read My Lips Tour","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_My_Lips_Tour"},{"link_name":"encore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encore_(concert)"},{"link_name":"confetti","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confetti"},{"link_name":"[42]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-rml-42"}],"sub_title":"Promotion","text":"To promote the song, Sophie Muller filmed a music video for \"Take Me Home\" which was released on the song's CD single. The video was also included in her video album Watch My Lips (2002).' It opens with Ellis-Bextor, dressed in a black one-strap dress, in front of a yellow-toned painting of a woman with red lips. Throughout the music video, Ellis-Bextor is seen in a variety of dresses and outfits—she appears standing in front of a green mural with a flowery large tablecloth, while dressing a see-through shirt, which reveals her black bra; other scene shows her with a dark green gown; other shows her with a flower and leaves pattern and holding a in front of a projected image which shows the Eiffel Tower from far. She also appears dressed in a green trench coat in another scene. Usually, costume and location scenes are accompanied by a change of gradient color, which are projected onto Ellis-Bextor. By the middle of the video, she walks across a street, surrounded by formally-dressed men, who dance around her and lift her. After the song's middle 8 plays, the lights of the street turn on and various French event posters are shown. The video concludes as they all enter a disco club. She also performed the track at the Read My Lips Tour (2002–03), serving as its encore. Ellis-Bextor would shortly introduce the song, with green eye makeup and red lipstick, dressed in a cream-colored dress and pink heels. As the backing track started playing, she would start singing and clapping her hands as the public imitated her, and the audience was showered with confetti.[42]","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take_Me_Home_(Cher_song)&action=edit§ion=14"},{"link_name":"ARIA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARIA_Charts"},{"link_name":"[43]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-43"},{"link_name":"Eurochart Hot 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Hot_100_Singles"},{"link_name":"[44]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-44"},{"link_name":"Official German Charts","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GfK_Entertainment_charts"},{"link_name":"[45]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Germany_Sophie_Ellis-Bextor-45"},{"link_name":"IRMA","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"[46]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Ireland2_-46"},{"link_name":"FIMI","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federazione_Industria_Musicale_Italiana"},{"link_name":"[47]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Italy_Sophie_Ellis-Bextor-47"},{"link_name":"Single Top 100","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Single_Top_100"},{"link_name":"[48]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Dutch100_Sophie_Ellis-Bextor-48"},{"link_name":"Recorded Music NZ","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recorded_Music_NZ"},{"link_name":"[49]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_New_Zealand_Sophie_Ellis-Bextor-49"},{"link_name":"Scotland","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Singles_and_Albums_Charts"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[50]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_Scotland_-50"},{"link_name":"UK Singles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[51]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_UK_-51"},{"link_name":"UK Dance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Dance_Singles_and_Albums_Charts"},{"link_name":"OCC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company"},{"link_name":"[52]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-sc_UKdance_-52"},{"link_name":"edit","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Take_Me_Home_(Cher_song)&action=edit§ion=15"},{"link_name":"[53]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-53"},{"link_name":"[54]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54"}],"sub_title":"Charts","text":"Weekly charts[edit]\n\nWeekly chart performance for \"Take Me Home\"\n\n\nChart (2001–2002)\n\nPeakposition\n\n\nAustralia (ARIA)[43]\n\n106\n\n\nEurope (Eurochart Hot 100)[44]\n\n13\n\n\nGermany (Official German Charts)[45]\n\n79\n\n\nIreland (IRMA)[46]\n\n6\n\n\nItaly (FIMI)[47]\n\n43\n\n\nNetherlands (Single Top 100)[48]\n\n79\n\n\nNew Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[49]\n\n18\n\n\nScotland (OCC)[50]\n\n1\n\n\nUK Singles (OCC)[51]\n\n2\n\n\nUK Dance (OCC)[52]\n\n18\n\n\n\nYear-end charts[edit]\n\nYear-end chart performance for \"Take Me Home\"\n\n\nChart (2001)\n\nPosition\n\n\nIreland (IRMA)[53]\n\n64\n\n\nUK Singles (OCC)[54]\n\n46","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Certifications","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"},{"links_in_text":[],"sub_title":"Release history","title":"Sophie Ellis-Bextor version"}]
|
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png"},{"image_text":"Yoad Nevo pictured programmed the bass guitar.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/78/Yoad_Nevo_Photo.jpg/150px-Yoad_Nevo_Photo.jpg"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Billboard Top 100 Archive – February 10, 1979\". Billboard. Retrieved July 20, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/1979-02-10","url_text":"\"Billboard Top 100 Archive – February 10, 1979\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"}]},{"reference":"Bego, Mark (2004). Cher: If You Believe. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 125, 127.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Brackett, Nathan; David Hoard, Christian (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. p. 159. 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Philips. 1979.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cher","url_text":"Cher"}]},{"reference":"Take Me Home (France 12-inch single). Cher. 1979.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Thor Jensen, K. (September 3, 2008). \"Weirdest & Worst Album Covers\". UGO Networks. IGN Entertainment. Archived from the original on November 17, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131117085627/http://www.ugo.com/music/weirdest-album-covers","url_text":"\"Weirdest & Worst Album Covers\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGO_Networks","url_text":"UGO Networks"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGN_Entertainment","url_text":"IGN Entertainment"},{"url":"http://www.ugo.com/music/weirdest-album-covers","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"Wasn't It Good\" (United Kingdom 12-inch single). Cher. 1979.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Billboard's Top Single Picks\". Billboard. No. 8120. Prometheus Global Media. February 10, 1979. p. 62.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)","url_text":"Billboard"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Global_Media","url_text":"Prometheus Global Media"}]},{"reference":"\"Cher – Take Me Home\". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 2, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.allmusic.com/album/take-me-home-mw0000261952","url_text":"\"Cher – Take Me Home\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AllMusic","url_text":"AllMusic"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovi_Corporation","url_text":"Rovi Corporation"}]},{"reference":"\"Cher – Take Me Home – Awards\". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. 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Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-8048-639-2","url_text":"84-8048-639-2"}]},{"reference":"\"Top 100 1979-05-19\". Cashbox Magazine. Retrieved April 16, 2015.","urls":[{"url":"http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/70s_files/19790519.html","url_text":"\"Top 100 1979-05-19\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashbox_(magazine)","url_text":"Cashbox Magazine"}]},{"reference":"\"Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada\". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. 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Polydor Records. 2001.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read_My_Lips_(Sophie_Ellis-Bextor_album)","url_text":"Read My Lips"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydor_Records","url_text":"Polydor Records"}]},{"reference":"\"Cher and Sophie's Domestic!\". NME. IPC Media. August 8, 2001. Retrieved March 1, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.nme.com/news/sophie-ellis-bextor/8888","url_text":"\"Cher and Sophie's Domestic!\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Musical_Express","url_text":"NME"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPC_Media","url_text":"IPC Media"}]},{"reference":"\"Take Me Home – Sophie Ellis-Bextor\". iTunes Store. Apple. August 13, 2001. Retrieved March 3, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/take-me-home/id14927599","url_text":"\"Take Me Home – Sophie Ellis-Bextor\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes_Store","url_text":"iTunes Store"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.","url_text":"Apple"}]},{"reference":"\"Take Me Home\". Amazon. August 13, 2001. Retrieved March 3, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005MP7A","url_text":"\"Take Me Home\""}]},{"reference":"Take Me Home (Mixes & Remixes) (French Maxi CD single). Polydor Records. 2001.","urls":[]},{"reference":"\"Take Me Home\" (12-inch single from the United Kingdom). Sophie Ellis-Bextor. Polydor Records. 2001.","urls":[]},{"reference":"Carlson, Dean. \"Sophie Ellis-Bextor – Take Me Home [US CD]\". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. 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Retrieved March 3, 2014.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.officialcharts.com/features/official-charts-pop-gem-29-sophie-ellis-bextor-take-me-home-2565/","url_text":"\"Official Charts Company Pop Gem #29: Sophie Ellis Bextor – Take Me Home\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company","url_text":"Official Charts Company"}]},{"reference":"Bextor, Robin; Hanning, Simon. Watch My Lips (DVD video). Universal Music.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_My_Lips","url_text":"Watch My Lips"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD","url_text":"DVD"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music","url_text":"Universal Music"}]},{"reference":"\"Part of Sophie Ellis Bextor's ARIA chart history 2000 to 2022, received from ARIA in 2022 page 1\". ARIA. Retrieved January 9, 2024 – via Imgur.com.","urls":[{"url":"https://imgur.com/IJClCYv","url_text":"\"Part of Sophie Ellis Bextor's ARIA chart history 2000 to 2022, received from ARIA in 2022 page 1\""}]},{"reference":"\"Eurochart Hot 100 Singles\" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 16, no. 36. September 1, 2001. p. 11. Retrieved August 23, 2020.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-and-Media/00s/2001/MM-2001-09-01.pdf","url_text":"\"Eurochart Hot 100 Singles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_%26_Media","url_text":"Music & Media"}]},{"reference":"\"Ireland – Top Singles for 2001\". Allcharts. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20120505011812/http://allcharts.org/music/years/ireland-singles-2001.htm","url_text":"\"Ireland – Top Singles for 2001\""},{"url":"http://allcharts.org/music/years/ireland-singles-2001.htm","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"The Official UK Singles Chart 2001\" (PDF). UKChartsPlus. Retrieved May 21, 2018.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2001.pdf","url_text":"\"The Official UK Singles Chart 2001\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKChartsPlus","url_text":"UKChartsPlus"}]},{"reference":"Copsey, Rob (August 19, 2021). \"Sophie Ellis-Bextor remembers her debut single Take Me Home: \"I still love this song\"\". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 19, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/sophie-ellis-bextor-remembers-her-debut-single-take-me-home-i-still-love-this-song__16411/","url_text":"\"Sophie Ellis-Bextor remembers her debut single Take Me Home: \"I still love this song\"\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Charts_Company","url_text":"Official Charts Company"}]},{"reference":"\"British single certifications – Ellis-Bextor Sophie – Take Me Home\". British Phonographic Industry.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/6442-2981-1","url_text":"\"British single certifications – Ellis-Bextor Sophie – Take Me Home\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry","url_text":"British Phonographic Industry"}]},{"reference":"\"New Releases – For Week Starting August 13, 2001: Singles\" (PDF). Music Week. August 11, 2001. p. 23. Retrieved August 16, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/2001/Music-Week-2001-08-11.pdf","url_text":"\"New Releases – For Week Starting August 13, 2001: Singles\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Week","url_text":"Music Week"}]},{"reference":"\"The ARIA Report: ARIA New Releases Singles – Week Commencing 13th August 2001\" (PDF). ARIA. August 13, 2001. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2002. Retrieved April 22, 2021.","urls":[{"url":"https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20020220130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20020221-0000/www.aria.com.au/issue598.pdf","url_text":"\"The ARIA Report: ARIA New Releases Singles – Week Commencing 13th August 2001\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association","url_text":"ARIA"},{"url":"http://www.aria.com.au/issue598.pdf","url_text":"the original"}]}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbbenau
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Lübbenau
|
["1 Administration","2 History","3 Demography","4 Sights","5 Twin towns – sister cities","6 Notable people","6.1 Associated with the town","7 References","8 External links"]
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Coordinates: 51°52′N 13°58′E / 51.867°N 13.967°E / 51.867; 13.967Town in Brandenburg, GermanyLübbenau/Spreewald TownTypical view in Lübbenau-Lehde
Coat of armsLocation of Lübbenau/Spreewald within Oberspreewald-Lausitz district
Lübbenau/Spreewald Show map of GermanyLübbenau/Spreewald Show map of BrandenburgCoordinates: 51°52′N 13°58′E / 51.867°N 13.967°E / 51.867; 13.967CountryGermanyStateBrandenburgDistrictOberspreewald-Lausitz Government • Mayor (2016–24) Helmut Wenzel (CDU)Area • Total138.78 km2 (53.58 sq mi)Elevation52 m (171 ft)Population (2022-12-31) • Total15,726 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)Postal codes03222Dialling codes03542Vehicle registrationOSL, CA, SFBWebsitewww.luebbenau-spreewald.de
Lübbenau (German pronunciation: , Lower Sorbian: Lubnjow ; officially Lübbenau/Spreewald, L.S. Lubnjow/Błota (meaning Lübbenau/Spree Forest)) is a town in the Upper Spree Forest-Lusatia District of Brandenburg, Germany. It is located in the bilingual German/Sorbian region of (Lower) Lusatia, on the river Spree, where this forms a large inland delta surrounded by woodland, called "Spree Forest", about 82 km (51 mi) southeast of Berlin. The town is best known through the incorporated villages of Lehde/Lědy and Leipe/Lipje, villages where there just exist anabranches of the Spree River instead of streets.
Administration
The town of Lübbenau consists of (German/Lower Sorbian):
Lübbenau/Spreewald (Lubnjow/Błota) with Kaupen (Kupy), Neustadt (Nowe Město), Stennewitz (Sćenojce), Stottoff (Štotup), and Wotschofska (Wótšowska)
and the incorporated villages of:
Bischdorf (Wótšowc)
Boblitz (Bobolce)
Groß Beuchow (Buchow) with Klein Beuchow (Buchojc)
Groß Klessow (Klěšow) with Klein Klessow (Klěšojc) and Redlitz (Rědłojce)
Groß Lübbenau (Lubń) with Scheddis (Pśedejs)
Hindenberg (Želnjojce)
Klein Radden (Radyńc) with Groß Radden (Radyń)
Kittlitz (Dłopje) with Eisdorf (Stańšojce), Lichtenau (Lichtnow), and Schönfeld (Tłukom)
Krimnitz (Kśimnice)
Lehde (Lědy) with Dolzke (Dolck)
Leipe (Lipje) with Dubkowmühle (Dubkowy Młyn), Eiche (Duby), Konzaks Horst (Kóńcakojc Wótšow), and Pohlenzschänke (Póleńcowa Kjarcma)
Ragow (Rogow)
Zerkwitz (Cerkwica)
History
Lübbenau was first mentioned in a sales document in 1315 but is believed to be much older due to excavations below the castle that show settlement from the 8th or 9th century.
From 1364 to 1635, Lübbenau was part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, and then until 1815 Lübbenau was a part of the Electorate of Saxony. From 1815 to 1947, Lübbenau was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany.
Demography
Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communist East Germany)
Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005–2030 (yellow line); for 2017–2030 (scarlet line); for 2020–2030 (green line)
Lübbenau/Spreewald: Population development within the current boundaries (2020)YearPop.±% p.a. 1875 10,174— 1890 10,359+0.12% 1910 10,549+0.09% 1925 10,526−0.01% 1939 9,672−0.60% 1950 12,986+2.71% 1964 22,542+4.02%YearPop.±% p.a. 1971 26,192+2.17% 1981 25,270−0.36% 1985 24,295−0.98% 1990 23,854−0.37% 1995 22,182−1.44% 2000 19,959−2.09% 2005 17,808−2.25%YearPop.±% p.a. 2010 16,820−1.14% 2015 16,237−0.70% 2016 16,109−0.79% 2017 16,090−0.12% 2018 16,021−0.43% 2019 15,977−0.27% 2020 15,969−0.05%
Sights
The Spreewald in Lübbenau
Lübbenau offers a variety of sights. Departing from the old town center, visitors can explore the marina with its traditional boats, or a castle which set in a nicely arranged park, including an orangerie with a cafe and a hotel. There are cycling routes to nearby villages, and boat rides are popular with tourists. The city wall's history dates back to the Middle Ages and the museum next to the city gate offers insights into the architecture as well as the rich history of the region.
Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
Lübbenau is twinned with:
Halluin, France
Kočevje, Slovenia
Nowogród Bobrzański, Poland
Oer-Erkenschwick, Germany
Pniewy, Poland
Świdnica, Poland
Notable people
Bad Doberan cemetery grave of Ehm Welk
Romy Müller (born 1958), track and field athlete and Olympic champion
Jens Riewa (born 1963), presenter and newscaster of the Tagesschau
Associated with the town
Ehm Welk (1884–1966), writer, lived for a time in Lübbenau
Nico (1938–1988), civil Christa Päffgen, model and singer, lived as a child in Lübbenau
Marc Huster (born 1970), weight lifter, grew up in Lübbenau
References
^ Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters, accessed 2 July 2021.
^ "Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022" (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). June 2023.
^ Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons
^ "Städtepartnerschaft". luebbenau-spreewald.de (in German). Lübbenau/Spreewald. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
External links
Media related to Lübbenau at Wikimedia Commons
vteTowns and municipalities in Oberspreewald-Lausitz
Altdöbern
Bronkow
Calau/Kalawa
Frauendorf
Großkmehlen
Großräschen
Grünewald
Guteborn
Hermsdorf
Hohenbocka
Kroppen
Lauchhammer
Lindenau
Lübbenau/Lubnjow
Luckaitztal
Neu-Seeland
Neupetershain
Ortrand
Ruhland
Schipkau
Schwarzbach
Schwarzheide
Senftenberg
Tettau
Vetschau/Wětošow
Coat of Arms of Oberspreewald-Lausitz district
Authority control databases International
VIAF
WorldCat
National
Germany
Israel
United States
Geographic
MusicBrainz area
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Lubnjow/Błota [ˈbwɔta] (meaning Lübbenau/Spree Forest)) is a town in the Upper Spree Forest-Lusatia District of Brandenburg, Germany. It is located in the bilingual German/Sorbian region of (Lower) Lusatia, on the river Spree, where this forms a large inland delta surrounded by woodland, called \"Spree Forest\", about 82 km (51 mi) southeast of Berlin. 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From 1815 to 1947, Lübbenau was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany.","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_L%C3%BCbbenau.pdf"},{"link_name":"Nazi Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany"},{"link_name":"East Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_L%C3%BCbbenau.pdf"},{"link_name":"Census in Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census_in_Germany"}],"text":"Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communist East Germany)\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tRecent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005–2030 (yellow line); for 2017–2030 (scarlet line); for 2020–2030 (green line)","title":"Demography"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spreewaldkanal_near_L%C3%BCbbenau.jpg"},{"link_name":"Spreewald","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreewald"}],"text":"The Spreewald in LübbenauLübbenau offers a variety of sights. Departing from the old town center, visitors can explore the marina with its traditional boats, or a castle which set in a nicely arranged park, including an orangerie with a cafe and a hotel. There are cycling routes to nearby villages, and boat rides are popular with tourists. The city wall's history dates back to the Middle Ages and the museum next to the city gate offers insights into the architecture as well as the rich history of the region.","title":"Sights"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany"},{"link_name":"twinned","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_city"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France"},{"link_name":"Halluin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halluin"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia"},{"link_name":"Kočevje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality_of_Ko%C4%8Devje"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Nowogród Bobrzański","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina_Nowogr%C3%B3d_Bobrza%C5%84ski"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany"},{"link_name":"Oer-Erkenschwick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oer-Erkenschwick"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Pniewy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina_Pniewy,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland"},{"link_name":"Świdnica","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina_%C5%9Awidnica,_Lubusz_Voivodeship"}],"text":"See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in GermanyLübbenau is twinned with:[4]Halluin, France\n Kočevje, Slovenia\n Nowogród Bobrzański, Poland\n Oer-Erkenschwick, Germany\n Pniewy, Poland\n Świdnica, Poland","title":"Twin towns – sister cities"},{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bad_Doberan_Friedhof_Grab_Ehm_Welk_2011-08-31.jpg"},{"link_name":"Romy Müller","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romy_M%C3%BCller"},{"link_name":"Jens Riewa","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Riewa"},{"link_name":"Tagesschau","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagesschau_(Germany)"}],"text":"Bad Doberan cemetery grave of Ehm WelkRomy Müller (born 1958), track and field athlete and Olympic champion\nJens Riewa (born 1963), presenter and newscaster of the Tagesschau","title":"Notable people"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Ehm Welk","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehm_Welk"},{"link_name":"Nico","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_(singer)"},{"link_name":"Marc Huster","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Huster"}],"sub_title":"Associated with the town","text":"Ehm Welk (1884–1966), writer, lived for a time in Lübbenau\nNico (1938–1988), civil Christa Päffgen, model and singer, lived as a child in Lübbenau\nMarc Huster (born 1970), weight lifter, grew up in Lübbenau","title":"Notable people"}]
|
[{"image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/L%C3%BCbbenau-Spreewald_in_OSL.svg/240px-L%C3%BCbbenau-Spreewald_in_OSL.svg.png"},{"image_text":"The Spreewald in Lübbenau","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Spreewaldkanal_near_L%C3%BCbbenau.jpg/220px-Spreewaldkanal_near_L%C3%BCbbenau.jpg"},{"image_text":"Bad Doberan cemetery grave of Ehm Welk","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bad_Doberan_Friedhof_Grab_Ehm_Welk_2011-08-31.jpg/140px-Bad_Doberan_Friedhof_Grab_Ehm_Welk_2011-08-31.jpg"},{"image_text":"Coat of Arms of Oberspreewald-Lausitz district","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg/30px-Wappen_des_Landkreises_Oberspreewald-Lausitz.svg.png"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"\"Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022\" (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). June 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/8ee0bad9b1168256/a3df42d855eb/SB_A01-07-00_2022m12_BB.pdf","url_text":"\"Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amt_f%C3%BCr_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg","url_text":"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg"}]},{"reference":"\"Städtepartnerschaft\". luebbenau-spreewald.de (in German). Lübbenau/Spreewald. Retrieved 2021-02-19.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.luebbenau-spreewald.de/seite/480585/st%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften.html","url_text":"\"Städtepartnerschaft\""}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=L%C3%BCbbenau¶ms=51_52_N_13_58_E_type:city(15726)_region:DE-BB","external_links_name":"51°52′N 13°58′E / 51.867°N 13.967°E / 51.867; 13.967"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=L%C3%BCbbenau¶ms=51_52_N_13_58_E_type:city(15726)_region:DE-BB","external_links_name":"51°52′N 13°58′E / 51.867°N 13.967°E / 51.867; 13.967"},{"Link":"https://www.luebbenau-spreewald.de/","external_links_name":"www.luebbenau-spreewald.de"},{"Link":"https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000","external_links_name":"Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters"},{"Link":"https://download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/8ee0bad9b1168256/a3df42d855eb/SB_A01-07-00_2022m12_BB.pdf","external_links_name":"\"Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022\""},{"Link":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg","external_links_name":"Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons"},{"Link":"https://www.luebbenau-spreewald.de/seite/480585/st%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften.html","external_links_name":"\"Städtepartnerschaft\""},{"Link":"https://viaf.org/viaf/153711702","external_links_name":"VIAF"},{"Link":"https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd3RVkFb9JbjdyT9HwXBP","external_links_name":"WorldCat"},{"Link":"https://d-nb.info/gnd/4129505-5","external_links_name":"Germany"},{"Link":"http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567341005171","external_links_name":"Israel"},{"Link":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88135585","external_links_name":"United States"},{"Link":"https://musicbrainz.org/area/95045d7a-b373-408c-97f2-76ff38a5c2a3","external_links_name":"MusicBrainz area"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luriyani
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Luriyani
|
["1 References"]
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Coordinates: 26°12′10″N 60°37′01″E / 26.20278°N 60.61694°E / 26.20278; 60.61694Village in Sistan and Baluchestan, IranLuriyani
لوريانيvillageLuriyaniCoordinates: 26°12′10″N 60°37′01″E / 26.20278°N 60.61694°E / 26.20278; 60.61694Country IranProvinceSistan and BaluchestanCountyQasr-e QandBakhshSarbukRural DistrictSarbukPopulation (2006) • Total569Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Luriyani (Persian: لورياني, also Romanized as Lūrīyānī; also known as Dansar and Danddesar) is a village in Sarbuk Rural District, Sarbuk District, Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 569, in 86 families.
References
^ Luriyani can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "10468041" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
vte Qasr-e Qand CountyCapital
Qasr-e Qand
DistrictsCentralCities
Qasr-e Qand
Rural Districts and villagesHolunchekan
Aliabad
Allahiabad
Amirabad
Anjiraki
Azad Gaz
Bufkan
Charti
Chutabad
Dahirak
Darvasak
Dehdati
Divari
Fazel Allahi
Gardak
Gatti
Gorban
Hajji Sabzan
Havaran
Holunchekan
Jakandar
Jamuk
Jangal
Kahurani Gevash
Kalatin Dap
Karchan
Karimabad
Karkum
Kolluk
Kushat-e Avval
Kushat-e Dum
Kushat-e Sum
Mirch
Padkub
Pasak
Potahk
Rahmanabad
Sarkajeh
Shadi Gur
Shadkam Dap
Tutoran Dap
SarbukCities
none
Rural Districts and villagesSarbuk
Aband
Azizabad
Bag
Bani-ye Shib
Bistak
Bitab
Chandukan
Danukan
Dep
Dezbon
Gehjan
Hajjiabad
Hamiri
Hezari
Hit
Kalmat
Katbon
Luriyani
Machguash
Mirabad
Qand
Ragdaf
Ragsha
Sarbak
Sartap
Sarush
Satag
Shah Kafer
Si Tall
Tahati
Tavakkol
TalangCities
none
Rural Districts and villagesTalang
Bal
Bal-e Bala
Bal-e Pain
Buchchi
Bundi
Burniduk
Cheb
Chil
Chorrak
Dak
Dansar Kaldan
Dansar
Dazvanik
Dengari
Dirman
Gativan
Gazger
Gazi Zehi
Gurchari
Hajji Bazar
Jodegalabad
Joghranvaru
Kach
Kachal
Kadarm
Kahn-e Bala
Kahn-e Pain
Kal Kut
Kaldan
Kankowr
Kollanzeh
Kuchu
Kutiru
Lalu Bazar
Machik
Mandirow
Marungaz
Minab
Nalvad
Nowhani Bazar
Sattani
Shahak Bazar
Sharag
Sheykh Kalag
Shir Mohammad Bazar
Shudik
Sonni Bazar
Talang
Tuk Dan
Ushab
Vaddu
Vashin Chat
Zonnar
Iran portal
This Qasr-e Qand County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.vte
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Persian","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language"},{"link_name":"Romanized","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanize"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Sarbuk Rural District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbuk_Rural_District"},{"link_name":"Sarbuk District","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbuk_District"},{"link_name":"Qasr-e Qand County","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr-e_Qand_County"},{"link_name":"Sistan and Baluchestan Province","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_Province"},{"link_name":"Iran","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"}],"text":"Village in Sistan and Baluchestan, IranLuriyani (Persian: لورياني, also Romanized as Lūrīyānī; also known as Dansar and Danddesar)[1] is a village in Sarbuk Rural District, Sarbuk District, Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 569, in 86 families.[2]","title":"Luriyani"}]
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[]
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[{"reference":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1385/results/all/11.xls","url_text":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_Center_of_Iran","url_text":"Statistical Center of Iran"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084728/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/11.xls","url_text":"Archived"}]}]
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[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luriyani¶ms=26_12_10_N_60_37_01_E_region:IR_type:city(569)","external_links_name":"26°12′10″N 60°37′01″E / 26.20278°N 60.61694°E / 26.20278; 60.61694"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luriyani¶ms=26_12_10_N_60_37_01_E_region:IR_type:city(569)","external_links_name":"26°12′10″N 60°37′01″E / 26.20278°N 60.61694°E / 26.20278; 60.61694"},{"Link":"http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/","external_links_name":"this link"},{"Link":"https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1385/results/all/11.xls","external_links_name":"\"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)\""},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084728/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/11.xls","external_links_name":"Archived"},{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luriyani&action=edit","external_links_name":"expanding it"}]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varroville
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Varroville, New South Wales
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["1 History","2 Heritage listings","3 Landmarks","4 Sport","5 Transport","6 References","7 External links"]
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Coordinates: 34°0′27″S 150°48′54″E / 34.00750°S 150.81500°E / -34.00750; 150.81500
Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaVarrovilleSydney, New South WalesRural area in VarrovilleMapPopulation113 (2016 census)Postcode(s)2566Elevation70 m (230 ft)Location46 km (29 mi) south-west of Sydney CBDLGA(s)City of CampbelltownState electorate(s)LeppingtonFederal division(s)Werriwa
Suburbs around Varroville:
Leppington
Denham Court
Denham Court
Catherine Field
Varroville
Ingleburn
Kearns
Raby
St Andrews
Varroville is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Varroville is located 46 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region. Varroville forms part of the scenic hills on the north-west side of the M5 South Western Motorway between Campbelltown and the Camden Valley Way. Of all Sydney suburbs, Varroville has the highest proportion of residents with PhDs.
Sydney's newest General Cemetery, the first in over 50 years, is being built as of 2023, at Macarthur Memorial Park, Varroville.
History
Varroville was originally a farm called Varro Ville. An area of 1,000 acres (4 km2) of land was granted by Governor Lachlan Macquarie to Robert Townson, a scientist and scholar, in 1809. Townson developed the farm and grew a vineyard and raised cattle. Townson died in 1827 and ownership passed onto his brother, Captain John Townson of Van Diemen's Land, to two nieces residing in England and to his nephew, Captain John Witts, R.M. In 1837 the farm was sold to Charles Sturt a famous explorer who moved in from Mittagong. James Raymond took over in 1839. Alfred Cheeke, a supreme court judge was a later owner. By 1900 Varro Ville was a leading dairy farm in the Campbelltown area. The farmhouse fell into disrepair, but has been restored by the new owners and the National Trust. The name Varroville was officially adopted in 1972 for the area between Raby and Denham Court. The area was previously part of Minto.
Heritage listings
Varroville has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
196 St Andrews Road: Varroville (homestead)
Landmarks
The Mount Carmel Novitiate was built in 1966, while Mount Carmel High School opened in 1986.
Sport
Kooringa Reserve is located directly across the road from Mount Carmel High School. This is the home ground to the St Mary's Eagle Vale Soccer Club the largest soccer club in the Macarthur District.
Transport
The main road in Varroville is St Andrews Road. This was originally a dirt track, skirting St Andrews farm, owned by Andrew Thompson. Other roads named after saints are St James and St David.
References
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Varroville (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
^ "Street smarts: The city's brainiest burbs". 7 January 2011.
^ "Sydney's first new cemetery in 50 years sparks fresh debate about solutions to a shortage of burial space". ABC News. 22 January 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^ McGill, Jeff; Fowler, Verlie; Richardson, Keith (1995). "History of Varroville". Campbelltown's Streets and Suburbs – How and why they got their names. Campbelltown and Airds Historical Society.
^ "Varroville". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00737. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Varroville, New South Wales.
"Varroville". Dictionary of Sydney. 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
34°0′27″S 150°48′54″E / 34.00750°S 150.81500°E / -34.00750; 150.81500
vteSuburbs of the City of Campbelltown, Macarthur, South Western Sydney, Sydney
Airds
Ambarvale
Bardia
Blair Athol
Blairmount
Bow Bowing
Bradbury
Campbelltown
Claymore
Denham Court
Eagle Vale
Englorie Park
Eschol Park
Gilead
Glen Alpine
Glenfield
Ingleburn
Kearns
Kentlyn
Leumeah
Long Point
Macquarie Fields
Macquarie Links
Menangle Park
Minto
Minto Heights
Raby
Rosemeadow
Ruse
St Andrews
St Helens Park
Varroville
Wedderburn
Woodbine
List of Sydney suburbs
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"suburb","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburb"},{"link_name":"Sydney","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney"},{"link_name":"New South Wales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"Australia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"},{"link_name":"Sydney central business district","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_central_business_district"},{"link_name":"local government area","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia"},{"link_name":"City of Campbelltown","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Campbelltown_(New_South_Wales)"},{"link_name":"Macarthur","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarthur,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"M5 South Western Motorway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M5_South_Western_Motorway"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"}],"text":"Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaVarroville is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Varroville is located 46 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region. Varroville forms part of the scenic hills on the north-west side of the M5 South Western Motorway between Campbelltown and the Camden Valley Way. Of all Sydney suburbs, Varroville has the highest proportion of residents with PhDs.[2]Sydney's newest General Cemetery, the first in over 50 years, is being built as of 2023, at Macarthur Memorial Park, Varroville.[3]","title":"Varroville, New South Wales"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Lachlan Macquarie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachlan_Macquarie"},{"link_name":"Robert Townson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Townson_(natural_historian)"},{"link_name":"Charles Sturt","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sturt"},{"link_name":"Mittagong","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittagong"},{"link_name":"Alfred Cheeke","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Cheeke"},{"link_name":"National Trust","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Trust_of_Australia"},{"link_name":"Minto","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minto,_New_South_Wales"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-4"}],"text":"Varroville was originally a farm called Varro Ville. An area of 1,000 acres (4 km2) of land was granted by Governor Lachlan Macquarie to Robert Townson, a scientist and scholar, in 1809. Townson developed the farm and grew a vineyard and raised cattle. Townson died in 1827 and ownership passed onto his brother, Captain John Townson of Van Diemen's Land, to two nieces residing in England and to his nephew, Captain John Witts, R.M. In 1837 the farm was sold to Charles Sturt a famous explorer who moved in from Mittagong. James Raymond took over in 1839. Alfred Cheeke, a supreme court judge was a later owner. By 1900 Varro Ville was a leading dairy farm in the Campbelltown area. The farmhouse fell into disrepair, but has been restored by the new owners and the National Trust. The name Varroville was officially adopted in 1972 for the area between Raby and Denham Court. The area was previously part of Minto.[4]","title":"History"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Varroville (homestead)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varroville_(homestead)"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nswshr-737-5"}],"text":"Varroville has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:196 St Andrews Road: Varroville (homestead)[5]","title":"Heritage listings"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Mount Carmel High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Carmel_High_School_(Varroville)"}],"text":"The Mount Carmel Novitiate was built in 1966, while Mount Carmel High School opened in 1986.","title":"Landmarks"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Kooringa Reserve is located directly across the road from Mount Carmel High School. This is the home ground to the St Mary's Eagle Vale Soccer Club the largest soccer club in the Macarthur District.","title":"Sport"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"The main road in Varroville is St Andrews Road. This was originally a dirt track, skirting St Andrews farm, owned by Andrew Thompson. Other roads named after saints are St James and St David.","title":"Transport"}]
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[]
| null |
[{"reference":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). \"Varroville (State Suburb)\". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 18 April 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","url_text":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"url":"https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC12368","url_text":"\"Varroville (State Suburb)\""}]},{"reference":"\"Street smarts: The city's brainiest burbs\". 7 January 2011.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/street-smarts-the-citys-brainiest-burbs-20110107-19isz.html","url_text":"\"Street smarts: The city's brainiest burbs\""}]},{"reference":"\"Sydney's first new cemetery in 50 years sparks fresh debate about solutions to a shortage of burial space\". ABC News. 22 January 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-23/sydney-is-running-out-of-burial-space/101881570","url_text":"\"Sydney's first new cemetery in 50 years sparks fresh debate about solutions to a shortage of burial space\""}]},{"reference":"McGill, Jeff; Fowler, Verlie; Richardson, Keith (1995). \"History of Varroville\". Campbelltown's Streets and Suburbs – How and why they got their names. Campbelltown and Airds Historical Society.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/text.asp?iDocID=2107&iNavCatID=322&iSubCatID=1391","url_text":"\"History of Varroville\""}]},{"reference":"\"Varroville\". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00737. Retrieved 18 May 2018.","urls":[{"url":"https://www.hms.heritage.nsw.gov.au/App/Item/ViewItem?itemId=5045252","url_text":"\"Varroville\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales_State_Heritage_Register","url_text":"New South Wales State Heritage Register"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Planning_%26_Environment","url_text":"Department of Planning & Environment"}]},{"reference":"\"Varroville\". Dictionary of Sydney. 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2015.","urls":[{"url":"https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/varroville","url_text":"\"Varroville\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Sydney","url_text":"Dictionary of Sydney"}]}]
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellie_Harvie
|
Ellie Harvie
|
["1 Filmography","2 References","3 External links"]
|
Canadian actress (born 1965)
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: "Ellie Harvie" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Ellie HarvieHarvie at Wolf Pegasus One, London, 2006BornElinor Anne Harvie (1965-04-07) April 7, 1965 (age 59)Belleville, Ontario, CanadaOccupationActressYears active1991–present
Elinor Anne Harvie (born April 7, 1965) is a Canadian actress who portrayed Morticia on The New Addams Family. Later, she starred as Dr. Lindsey Novak in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis.
Harvie was the youngest of five children born into a U.S. Air Force family. They eventually settled in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Harvie later attended the University of Manitoba, where she earned a degree in political studies. After graduating, Harvie moved to Vancouver with her family in 1987, where she took up a two-year course at the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre School.
Her love of stand-up comedy and improv led to extra work in TheatreSports. After training at the Vancouver Playhouse Acting School, Harvie embarked on years of theatre touring British Columbia's schools with "Greenthumb Theatre", performing in scads of Fringe Festivals and then the big stages.
As part of the Vancouver TheatreSports team, Harvie won the 1995 Just for Laughs Improv Tournament championship held in Montreal, beating competitors from across the world.
Harvie also appeared in Cupid, The X-Files, Nightscream and The 6th Day. She received a gold medal in CBC's 1998 Improv Olympics and a Gemini nomination for Best Comedy Performance in a series or Special. She also took over from Wendie Malick as Burdine Maxwell from the second TV season of Bratz.
She portrayed Candace/Mrs. Bubkes on the YTV teen comedy series, Some Assembly Required.
On November 24, 2012, Harvie hosted the inaugural UBCP/ACTRA Awards, which honours acting talent in British Columbia.
Harvie has also starred as Lillian Tibbett on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries Channel Series An Aurora Teagarden Mystery Series (2015–2022).
Filmography
Reap What You Sew: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2018 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
Last Scene Alive: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2018 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
A Bundle of Trouble: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2017 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
Dead Over Heels: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2017 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
The Julius House: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2016 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
Three Bedrooms, One Corpse: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2016 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
Real Murders: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2015 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
Aurora Teagarden Mystery: A Bone to Pick (2015 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett
Some Assembly Required (2014-2016) as Candace
Home Alone 5: The Holiday Heist (2012) as Catherine Baxter
Tooth Fairy (2010) as Permit Woman
Santa Buddies (2009) (V) (as Ellie Harvey) as Pete's Mom
Love Happens (2009) as Martha
I Love You, Beth Cooper (2009) as Female Cop at High School
Space Buddies (2009) (V) as Pete's Mom
Sanctuary as Eleanor (1 TV episode); in Sanctuary for All: Part 1 (2008)
The Valet (2008) as the Restaurant Manager
Gym Teacher: The Movie (2008) (TV) as Ms. Schoenborn
Space Chimps (2008) (voice) as Additional Voices
Robson Arms as Female Contractor (1 TV episode); in Trixie's Honour (2008)
The Triple Eight as Opportunistic Businesswoman (1 TV episode); in Heil Filters
The Troop (2008) TV series as Charlotte Collins (unknown episodes)
Tom and Jerry Tales (2008) TV series as Rhino Mother
Love Notes (2007) (TV) as Claire
Blood Ties as Rachel (1 TV episode); in Post Partum (2007) TV episode as Rachel
My Baby Is Missing (2007) (TV) as Nicole/Lynne
Psych as Lorraine (1 TV episode)’ in He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not, He Loves Me, Oops He's Dead (2007)
Men in Trees as Clerk (1 TV episode); in Take It Like a Man (2007)
Christmas on Chestnut Street (2006) (TV) as Eileen Goldberg
The Mermaid Chair (2006) (TV) as Benne
Not My Life (2006) (TV) as Janet
The L Word as Janice (2 TV episodes); in Lifesize (2006) & Lost Weekend (2006)
The Collector as Meter Maid / The Devil (1 TV episode); in The V.J. (2006)
The Foursome (2006) as Peggy Spencer
Firehouse Tales (2005) as Additional Voices
Stargate: Atlantis as Dr. Lindsey Novak (2 TV episodes); in Critical Mass (2005) & The Siege: Part 3 (2005)
Terminal City as Alice (6 TV episodes); in Episode * 1.7, Episode * 1.6, Episode * 1.5, Episode * 1.4, Episode * 1.3, & 1 more
Company Man (2005)
RoundTable (1 TV episode); in Bad Gigs (2005) TV episode
Alien Racers (2005) TV series as Gamekeeper Kytani (Episodes 1-26)
Stargate SG-1 as Dr. Lindsey Novak (1 TV episode); in Prometheus Unbound (2004)
Jiminy Glick in Lalawood (2004) as June
The Dead Zone as Pam Tanowitz (1 TV episode); in Speak Now (2004)
The Wild Guys (2004) as Carla
The Chris Isaak Show as Stella (1 TV episode); in Taking Off (2004)
Miracle (2004) as Margie
Romeo! as Ms. Guthrie (1 TV episode); in Nuthin But Net
K-9: P.I. (2002) (V) (as Ellie Harvey) as Jackie Von Jarvis
The Western Alienation Comedy Hour (2002) (TV) as Sketch Comedian
Andromeda (1 TV episode); in Tunnel at the End of the Light (2002)
JAG as Realtor (1 TV episode); in Port Chicago (2002)
Cold Squad as Shelley Mack (2 TV episodes); in Ambleton (2002), & Enough Is Enough (2002)
Croon (2002) (TV) as Ellie
The Sports Pages (2001) (TV) as Melinda (segment "The Heidi Bowl")
Da Vinci's Inquest as Jessica (1 TV episode); in All Tricked Up (2000)
Improv Comedy Games (2000) TV mini-series as Comedian
The 6th Day (2000) as Rosie
P.R. (2000) TV series as Jill Hayes (unknown episodes)
So Weird as Dr. Daily (1 TV episode); in Shelter (2000)
Mentors as Cleopatra (1 TV episode); in The Crush (2000)
Up, Up, and Away! (2000) (TV) as The Annihilator
First Wave as Marianne (1 TV episode); in All About Eddie (1999)
Beggars and Choosers (1 TV episode); in Always Leave 'Em Laughing (1999)
The New Addams Family as Morticia Addams (65 episodes)
Cupid as Brassy redhead (1 TV episode); in Pilot (1998)
Someone to Love Me (1998) (TV) as Ms. Krasne
Wrongfully Accused (1998) as Ruth the News Anchor
The Improv Comedy Olympics (1998) (TV) as Comedian
Principal Takes a Holiday (1998) (TV) as Miss W. Fassle
Saving Grace (1998) as Eva
Mr. Magoo (1997) (scenes deleted)
Police Academy: The Series as Hazel Mullins (1 TV episode); in All at Sea (1997)
The Accident: A Moment of Truth Movie (1997) (TV) as English Teacher
Poltergeist: The Legacy as Laura DuMond (2 TV episodes); in Lives in the Balance (1997), & Transference (1997) TV episode as Mary Pastor
NightScream (1997) (TV) as Jenny Marks
Exception to the Rule (1997) as Secretary
Super Dave's All Stars (1997) TV series as Cheerleader (unknown episodes)
Dog's Best Friend (1997) (TV) as Miss Melrose
The X-Files as OPO Staffer / Ticket Agent (2 TV episodes); in "Hell Money" (1996), & "E.B.E." (1994) (uncredited) as the Ticket Agent
Happy Gilmore (1996) as Registrar
Live TV (1996)
Channel 92 (1995) (TV) as Maxine
The Commish as Jenny Day (1 TV episode); in The Sharp Pinch (1993)
Christmas on Division Street (1991) (TV) as Nurse
References
^ http://www.collinwood.net/addamsfamily/morticia.htm
^ Awards honour homegrown talent. Vancouver Sun. Retrieved Nov 26, 2012
External links
Ellie Harvie at IMDb
Ellie Harvie on X
Authority control databases International
VIAF
Other
IdRef
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Morticia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morticia_Addams"},{"link_name":"The New Addams Family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Addams_Family"},{"link_name":"Dr. Lindsey Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Novak"},{"link_name":"Stargate SG-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1"},{"link_name":"Stargate Atlantis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_Atlantis"},{"link_name":"U.S. Air Force","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"},{"link_name":"Prince Albert, Saskatchewan","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan"},{"link_name":"University of Manitoba","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba"},{"link_name":"Vancouver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver"},{"link_name":"Vancouver Playhouse Theatre School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Playhouse_Theatre_Company"},{"link_name":"Just for Laughs","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_for_Laughs"},{"link_name":"Montreal","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"Cupid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_(1998_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The X-Files","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_X-Files"},{"link_name":"The 6th Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_6th_Day"},{"link_name":"CBC","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation"},{"link_name":"Wendie Malick","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendie_Malick"},{"link_name":"Bratz","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratz"},{"link_name":"YTV","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YTV_(TV_channel)"},{"link_name":"Some Assembly Required","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Assembly_Required_(2014_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"British Columbia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia"},{"link_name":"Hallmark Movies & Mysteries","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark_Movies_%26_Mysteries"},{"link_name":"Aurora Teagarden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_Teagarden"}],"text":"Elinor Anne Harvie (born April 7, 1965) is a Canadian actress who portrayed Morticia on The New Addams Family. Later, she starred as Dr. Lindsey Novak in Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis.Harvie was the youngest of five children born into a U.S. Air Force family. They eventually settled in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. Harvie later attended the University of Manitoba, where she earned a degree in political studies. After graduating, Harvie moved to Vancouver with her family in 1987, where she took up a two-year course at the Vancouver Playhouse Theatre School.Her love of stand-up comedy and improv led to extra work in TheatreSports. After training at the Vancouver Playhouse Acting School, Harvie embarked on years of theatre touring British Columbia's schools with \"Greenthumb Theatre\", performing in scads of Fringe Festivals and then the big stages.As part of the Vancouver TheatreSports team, Harvie won the 1995 Just for Laughs Improv Tournament championship held in Montreal, beating competitors from across the world.[1]Harvie also appeared in Cupid, The X-Files, Nightscream and The 6th Day. She received a gold medal in CBC's 1998 Improv Olympics and a Gemini nomination for Best Comedy Performance in a series or Special. She also took over from Wendie Malick as Burdine Maxwell from the second TV season of Bratz.She portrayed Candace/Mrs. Bubkes on the YTV teen comedy series, Some Assembly Required.On November 24, 2012, Harvie hosted the inaugural UBCP/ACTRA Awards,[2] which honours acting talent in British Columbia.Harvie has also starred as Lillian Tibbett on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries Channel Series An Aurora Teagarden Mystery Series (2015–2022).","title":"Ellie Harvie"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Aurora Teagarden","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_Teagarden"},{"link_name":"Some Assembly Required","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Assembly_Required_(2013_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Home Alone 5: The Holiday Heist","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Alone_5"},{"link_name":"Tooth Fairy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_Fairy_(2010_film)"},{"link_name":"Santa Buddies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Buddies"},{"link_name":"Love Happens","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Happens_(2009_film)"},{"link_name":"I Love You, Beth Cooper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Love_You,_Beth_Cooper"},{"link_name":"Space Buddies","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Buddies"},{"link_name":"Sanctuary","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary_(Canadian_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Gym Teacher: The Movie","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gym_Teacher:_The_Movie"},{"link_name":"Space Chimps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Chimps"},{"link_name":"Robson Arms","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robson_Arms"},{"link_name":"The Troop","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troop"},{"link_name":"Tom and Jerry Tales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry_Tales"},{"link_name":"Blood Ties","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_Ties_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"My Baby Is Missing","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Baby_Is_Missing"},{"link_name":"Psych","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psych"},{"link_name":"Men in Trees","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_in_Trees"},{"link_name":"The Mermaid Chair","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mermaid_Chair_(film)"},{"link_name":"The L Word","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_L_Word"},{"link_name":"The Collector","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Collector_(Canadian_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The Foursome","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Foursome"},{"link_name":"Firehouse Tales","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehouse_Tales"},{"link_name":"Stargate: Atlantis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate:_Atlantis"},{"link_name":"Dr. Lindsey Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Stargate_Atlantis_characters#Recurring_scientist_characters"},{"link_name":"Terminal City","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_City_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Alien Racers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Racers"},{"link_name":"Stargate SG-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_SG-1"},{"link_name":"Dr. Lindsey Novak","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Stargate_Atlantis_characters#Recurring_scientist_characters"},{"link_name":"Jiminy Glick in Lalawood","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiminy_Glick_in_Lalawood"},{"link_name":"The Dead Zone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dead_Zone_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The Chris Isaak Show","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chris_Isaak_Show"},{"link_name":"Miracle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle_(2004_film)"},{"link_name":"Romeo!","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo!"},{"link_name":"K-9: P.I.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-9:_P.I."},{"link_name":"Andromeda","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"JAG","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAG_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Cold Squad","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Squad"},{"link_name":"Croon","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croon"},{"link_name":"Da Vinci's Inquest","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Vinci%27s_Inquest"},{"link_name":"The 6th Day","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_6th_Day"},{"link_name":"P.R.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.R._(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"So Weird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Weird"},{"link_name":"Mentors","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentors"},{"link_name":"First Wave","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Wave_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Beggars and Choosers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggars_and_Choosers_(TV_series)"},{"link_name":"The New Addams Family","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Addams_Family"},{"link_name":"Morticia Addams","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morticia_Addams"},{"link_name":"Cupid","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_(1998_TV_series)"},{"link_name":"Wrongfully Accused","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrongfully_Accused"},{"link_name":"Principal Takes a Holiday","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_Takes_a_Holiday"},{"link_name":"Saving Grace","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving_Grace_(1998_film)"},{"link_name":"Mr. Magoo","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Magoo_(film)"},{"link_name":"Police Academy: The Series","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Academy:_The_Series"},{"link_name":"Poltergeist: The Legacy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poltergeist:_The_Legacy"},{"link_name":"Exception to the Rule","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_to_the_Rule"},{"link_name":"Dog's Best Friend","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%27s_Best_Friend"},{"link_name":"The X-Files","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_X-Files"},{"link_name":"Hell Money","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_Money"},{"link_name":"E.B.E.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.B.E._(The_X-Files)"},{"link_name":"Happy Gilmore","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Gilmore"},{"link_name":"The Commish","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Commish"}],"text":"Reap What You Sew: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2018 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nLast Scene Alive: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2018 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nA Bundle of Trouble: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2017 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nDead Over Heels: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2017 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nThe Julius House: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2016 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nThree Bedrooms, One Corpse: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2016 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nReal Murders: An Aurora Teagarden Mystery (2015 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nAurora Teagarden Mystery: A Bone to Pick (2015 TV Film Series) as Lillian Tibbett\nSome Assembly Required (2014-2016) as Candace\nHome Alone 5: The Holiday Heist (2012) as Catherine Baxter\nTooth Fairy (2010) as Permit Woman\nSanta Buddies (2009) (V) (as Ellie Harvey) as Pete's Mom\nLove Happens (2009) as Martha\nI Love You, Beth Cooper (2009) as Female Cop at High School\nSpace Buddies (2009) (V) as Pete's Mom\nSanctuary as Eleanor (1 TV episode); in Sanctuary for All: Part 1 (2008)\nThe Valet (2008) as the Restaurant Manager\nGym Teacher: The Movie (2008) (TV) as Ms. Schoenborn\nSpace Chimps (2008) (voice) as Additional Voices\nRobson Arms as Female Contractor (1 TV episode); in Trixie's Honour (2008)\nThe Triple Eight as Opportunistic Businesswoman (1 TV episode); in Heil Filters\nThe Troop (2008) TV series as Charlotte Collins (unknown episodes)\nTom and Jerry Tales (2008) TV series as Rhino Mother\nLove Notes (2007) (TV) as Claire\nBlood Ties as Rachel (1 TV episode); in Post Partum (2007) TV episode as Rachel\nMy Baby Is Missing (2007) (TV) as Nicole/Lynne\nPsych as Lorraine (1 TV episode)’ in He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not, He Loves Me, Oops He's Dead (2007)\nMen in Trees as Clerk (1 TV episode); in Take It Like a Man (2007)\nChristmas on Chestnut Street (2006) (TV) as Eileen Goldberg\nThe Mermaid Chair (2006) (TV) as Benne\nNot My Life (2006) (TV) as Janet\nThe L Word as Janice (2 TV episodes); in Lifesize (2006) & Lost Weekend (2006)\nThe Collector as Meter Maid / The Devil (1 TV episode); in The V.J. (2006)\nThe Foursome (2006) as Peggy Spencer\nFirehouse Tales (2005) as Additional Voices\nStargate: Atlantis as Dr. Lindsey Novak (2 TV episodes); in Critical Mass (2005) & The Siege: Part 3 (2005)\nTerminal City as Alice (6 TV episodes); in Episode * 1.7, Episode * 1.6, Episode * 1.5, Episode * 1.4, Episode * 1.3, & 1 more\nCompany Man (2005)\nRoundTable (1 TV episode); in Bad Gigs (2005) TV episode\nAlien Racers (2005) TV series as Gamekeeper Kytani (Episodes 1-26)\nStargate SG-1 as Dr. Lindsey Novak (1 TV episode); in Prometheus Unbound (2004)\nJiminy Glick in Lalawood (2004) as June\nThe Dead Zone as Pam Tanowitz (1 TV episode); in Speak Now (2004)\nThe Wild Guys (2004) as Carla\nThe Chris Isaak Show as Stella (1 TV episode); in Taking Off (2004)\nMiracle (2004) as Margie\nRomeo! as Ms. Guthrie (1 TV episode); in Nuthin But Net\nK-9: P.I. (2002) (V) (as Ellie Harvey) as Jackie Von Jarvis\nThe Western Alienation Comedy Hour (2002) (TV) as Sketch Comedian\nAndromeda (1 TV episode); in Tunnel at the End of the Light (2002)\nJAG as Realtor (1 TV episode); in Port Chicago (2002)\nCold Squad as Shelley Mack (2 TV episodes); in Ambleton (2002), & Enough Is Enough (2002)\nCroon (2002) (TV) as Ellie\nThe Sports Pages (2001) (TV) as Melinda (segment \"The Heidi Bowl\")\nDa Vinci's Inquest as Jessica (1 TV episode); in All Tricked Up (2000)\nImprov Comedy Games (2000) TV mini-series as Comedian\nThe 6th Day (2000) as Rosie\nP.R. (2000) TV series as Jill Hayes (unknown episodes)\nSo Weird as Dr. Daily (1 TV episode); in Shelter (2000)\nMentors as Cleopatra (1 TV episode); in The Crush (2000)\nUp, Up, and Away! (2000) (TV) as The Annihilator\nFirst Wave as Marianne (1 TV episode); in All About Eddie (1999)\nBeggars and Choosers (1 TV episode); in Always Leave 'Em Laughing (1999)\nThe New Addams Family as Morticia Addams (65 episodes)\nCupid as Brassy redhead (1 TV episode); in Pilot (1998)\nSomeone to Love Me (1998) (TV) as Ms. Krasne\nWrongfully Accused (1998) as Ruth the News Anchor\nThe Improv Comedy Olympics (1998) (TV) as Comedian\nPrincipal Takes a Holiday (1998) (TV) as Miss W. Fassle\nSaving Grace (1998) as Eva\nMr. Magoo (1997) (scenes deleted)\nPolice Academy: The Series as Hazel Mullins (1 TV episode); in All at Sea (1997)\nThe Accident: A Moment of Truth Movie (1997) (TV) as English Teacher\nPoltergeist: The Legacy as Laura DuMond (2 TV episodes); in Lives in the Balance (1997), & Transference (1997) TV episode as Mary Pastor\nNightScream (1997) (TV) as Jenny Marks\nException to the Rule (1997) as Secretary\nSuper Dave's All Stars (1997) TV series as Cheerleader (unknown episodes)\nDog's Best Friend (1997) (TV) as Miss Melrose\nThe X-Files as OPO Staffer / Ticket Agent (2 TV episodes); in \"Hell Money\" (1996), & \"E.B.E.\" (1994) (uncredited) as the Ticket Agent\nHappy Gilmore (1996) as Registrar\nLive TV (1996)\nChannel 92 (1995) (TV) as Maxine\nThe Commish as Jenny Day (1 TV episode); in The Sharp Pinch (1993)\nChristmas on Division Street (1991) (TV) as Nurse","title":"Filmography"}]
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[]
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[]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Castle_School
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Bruce Castle School
|
["1 Origins","2 Foundation","3 History","4 Head masters","5 Further reading","6 Notable Old Brucastilians","7 Notes"]
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Coordinates: 51°35′57.6″N 0°4′30.3″W / 51.599333°N 0.075083°W / 51.599333; -0.075083
SchoolBruce Castle SchoolLocation
Bruce Castle, the north elevation
Bruce Castle School, at Bruce Castle, Tottenham, was a progressive school for boys established in 1827 as an extension of Rowland Hill's Hazelwood School at Edgbaston. It closed in 1891.
Origins
In 1819, Rowland Hill moved his father's Hill Top School from central Birmingham, establishing a new school called Hazelwood at Edgbaston, an affluent suburb, as an "educational refraction of Priestley's ideas". Hazelwood soon became a model for the education of the new middle classes, aiming to give sufficient knowledge and skills to enable a boy to continue self-education throughout a life "most useful to society and most happy to himself". The new school, which Hill designed himself, had both a science laboratory and a swimming pool. In his Plans for the Government and Liberal Instruction of Boys, Hill argued that kindness, instead of corporal punishment, and moral influence, rather than fear, should be to the fore in school discipline. Science should be a compulsory subject, and boys were to be self-governing. Hazelwood School gained international attention when Marc Antoine Jullien visited the school and wrote about it in the issue of Revue encyclopédique for June 1823, then sent his own son there.
Foundation
A 19th-century extension built for the school
Hazelwood so impressed Jeremy Bentham that in 1827 a branch of the school was created at Bruce Castle in Tottenham, with Rowland Hill as its head master. Unfortunately for the old school, the new one proved much more popular than the old, with boys transferring to it in large numbers, and in 1833 the original Hazelwood School closed and became a home for Francis and Caroline Clark (sister of Rowland Hill) and their large family. Its educational system was continued at the new Bruce Castle School.
History
From its beginning Rowland Hill ran the school along radical lines, inspired by his friends Richard Price, Thomas Paine, and Joseph Priestley. Its principle was that the role of the schoolmaster is to instill the desire to learn, more than to impart facts. There was no corporal punishment and alleged transgressions were tried by a court of pupils. The school's curriculum included foreign languages, science and engineering. At the time, most established schools focussed on Classics, and for a school to include engineering in its curriculum was almost unheard of.
In 1829 and 1830, Hill employed Edward William Brayley to lecture on physical sciences, both at Hazelwood and at Bruce Castle. In the biography of one early pupil, Sir Henry Barkly (1815–1898), the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says that "...the school's particular curriculum endowed him with a lifetime interest in science and statistics.
The school taught the sons of Charles Babbage, the computing pioneer, and of many diplomats based in London, especially from the new nations of South America. One such was the son of José Rufino Echenique, a former President of Peru.
Part of the new building. An inscription over the door reads: "Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap".
In 1839 Rowland Hill was appointed as head of the General Post Office, where he introduce the world's first postage stamps. He left the school in the hands of his younger brother, Arthur Hill, who continued as head master until 1868, when he was succeeded by his son Birkbeck Hill. He retired in 1877, ending his family's long connection with the school. The Rev. William Almack succeeded him.
During the School's time, Tottenham's character changed. The construction of the Northern and Eastern Railway in 1840 made commuting to central London possible, and in 1872 the Great Eastern Railway opened a line from Enfield to Liverpool Street, with a station at Bruce Grove.
The Bruce Castle School was in some ways a victim of its own success. As its methods were adopted elsewhere, parents returned to traditional schools which had adapted themselves to a new age. The Rev. William Almack continued to run the school until 1891, when it was closed. The Municipal Borough of Tottenham bought the house and grounds, which were opened to the public as Bruce Castle Park in June 1892. The Park is still in use, and is adjacent to Broadwater Farm.
A printing press designed by Rowland Hill and built by pupils of the school is on display at London's Science Museum.
Head masters
1827–1839: Rowland Hill
1839–1868: Arthur Hill
1868–1877: Birkbeck Hill
1877–1891: Rev. William Almack
Further reading
Sketch of the System of Education, Moral and Intellectual, in practice at the Schools of Bruce Castle, Tottenham, and Hazelwood, near Birmingham (London: Baldwin and Co., 1833)
Notable Old Brucastilians
See also Category:People educated at Bruce Castle School
Sir Henry Barkly (1815–1898), politician and colonial governor
Dion Boucicault (1820–1890), dramatist and actor
Sir William Bird (1855–1950), solicitor and Conservative politician
J. Comyns Carr (1849–1916), drama and art critic, author, poet, playwright and theatre manager.
Sir Oscar Clayton (1816–1892), surgeon and courtier
Edmund Creswell (1849–1931), played for the Royal Engineers in the 1872 FA Cup Final
Frederic Creswell (1866–1948), mining engineer and South African Minister of Defence
Herbert James Draper (1863–1920), painter
Wilson Fox (1831–1887), physician
George Birkbeck Hill, literary critic and head master of the school
Joseph Moses Levy (1812–1888), newspaper editor and publisher
Charles Robson (1859–1943), cricketer
John Scott (1852–1860), cricketer and barrister
Frederick Selous (1851–1917), explorer
Henry Sweet (1845–1912), philologist, phonetician and grammarian
William Terriss (1847–1897), actor
James Wilson (1849–1929), New Zealand politician and farmer
Herbert Ward (1873–1897), Southampton footballer and Hampshire cricketer.
Jerningham Wakefield (1820–1879), New Zealand politician
Notes
^ W. H. G. Armytage, 'The Lunar Society and its Contribution to Education', in University of Birmingham Historical Journal vol. 67 (1967-68)
^ P. W. J. Bartrip, 'A Thoroughly Good School: an Examination of the Hazelwood Experiment in Progressive Education' in British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 28 (1980), pp. 46–59
^ Elie Halévy, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism (1972) pp. 153-4
^ Brown, Robert and Martin/Clark Committee The Hatbox Letters Published by the authors, Adelaide 1999. ISBN 0-646-36207-0
^ a b The Durham research review: the research publication of the Institute of Education, University of Durham, Issues 11-15 (1960), pp. 75-79
^ Malcolm Dick, Joseph Priestley and his Influence on Education in Birmingham (2004)
^ Jean Pegram, 'From Manor House... to Museum', in Haringey History Bulletin, 28 (London: Hornsey Historical Society, 1987, ISBN 0-903481-05-7), p. 10
^ J. N. Hays, 'Brayley, Edward William (1801/2–1870)', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
^ John Benyon, 'Barkly, Sir Henry (1815–1898)', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004)
^ Carr (1908), p. 6
^ John Benyon, 'Barkly, Sir Henry (1815–1898)' in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
^ Richard Fawkes, Dion Boucicault (Ardent Media, 2011), pp. 23–25
^ Anthony Esposito, 'Carr, Joseph William Comyns (1849–1916)' in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
^ Clayton, Sir Oscar Moore Passey at rcseng.ac.uk, accessed 27 July 2011
^ Warsop, Keith (2004). The Early F.A. Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs. Soccer Data. pp. 70–71. ISBN 1-899468-78-1.
^ 'CRESWELL, Lt-Col Hon. Frederic Hugh Page', in Who Was Who 1941–1950 (London: A. & C. Black, 1980 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2131-1)
^ The Times, Issue 42523 dated 23 September 1920, p. 1, col. A
^ a b Joseph Comyns Carr, Some eminent Victorians: personal recollections in the world of art and letters (Duckworth & Co., 1908), pp. 3-4
^ 'SWEET, Henry
MA, PhD, LLD', in Who Was Who 1897–1915 (London: A. & C. Black, 1988 reprint, ISBN 0-7136-2670-4)
^ Duncan Holley & Gary Chalk (1992). The Alphabet of the Saints. ACL & Polar Publishing. p. 351. ISBN 0-9514862-3-3.
^ Blain, Rev. Michael (2007). The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections (PDF). Christchurch: Project Canterbury. pp. 86–87. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
vteSchools and colleges in HaringeyPrimary schools
Eden Primary School
Harris Academy Tottenham
Trinity Primary Academy
Secondary schools
Alexandra Park School
Duke's Aldridge Academy
Fortismere School
Gladesmore Community School
Greig City Academy
Harris Academy Tottenham
Heartlands High School
Highgate Wood Secondary School
Hornsey School for Girls
Park View School
St Thomas More RC School
Woodside High School
Special schools
TreeHouse School
Private schools
Channing School
Greek Secondary School of London
Highgate School
Further education colleges
Ada, the National College for Digital Skills
The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London
Haringey Sixth Form College
London Academy of Excellence Tottenham
Defunct schools
Bruce Castle School
Byron House School
Grove House School
The John Loughborough School
Moselle Upper School
Stationers' Company's School
Tollington School
Tottenham Grammar School
Tottenham University Technical College
51°35′57.6″N 0°4′30.3″W / 51.599333°N 0.075083°W / 51.599333; -0.075083
|
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It closed in 1891.","title":"Bruce Castle School"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Birmingham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham"},{"link_name":"Priestley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"middle classes","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_class"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-3"},{"link_name":"corporal punishment","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporal_punishment"},{"link_name":"Marc Antoine Jullien","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Jullien_de_Paris"}],"text":"In 1819, Rowland Hill moved his father's Hill Top School from central Birmingham, establishing a new school called Hazelwood at Edgbaston, an affluent suburb, as an \"educational refraction of Priestley's ideas\".[1][2] Hazelwood soon became a model for the education of the new middle classes, aiming to give sufficient knowledge and skills to enable a boy to continue self-education throughout a life \"most useful to society and most happy to himself\".[3] The new school, which Hill designed himself, had both a science laboratory and a swimming pool. 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Unfortunately for the old school, the new one proved much more popular than the old, with boys transferring to it in large numbers, and in 1833 the original Hazelwood School closed and became a home for Francis and Caroline Clark (sister of Rowland Hill) and their large family.[4] Its educational system was continued at the new Bruce Castle School.[5]","title":"Foundation"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"radical","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)"},{"link_name":"Richard Price","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Price"},{"link_name":"Thomas Paine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine"},{"link_name":"Joseph Priestley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-7"},{"link_name":"Classics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classics"},{"link_name":"Edward William Brayley","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_William_Brayley"},{"link_name":"physical sciences","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_science"},{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"Sir Henry Barkly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Barkly"},{"link_name":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"statistics","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Charles Babbage","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage"},{"link_name":"South America","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America"},{"link_name":"José Rufino Echenique","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rufino_Echenique"},{"link_name":"President of Peru","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Peru"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruce_Castle_extension_entrance.JPG"},{"link_name":"\"Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap\".","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians"},{"link_name":"General Post Office","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Post_Office"},{"link_name":"postage stamps","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamp"},{"link_name":"Birkbeck Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Birkbeck_Norman_Hill"},{"link_name":"Northern and Eastern Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_and_Eastern_Railway"},{"link_name":"Great Eastern Railway","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Eastern_Railway"},{"link_name":"Enfield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfield_Town_railway_station"},{"link_name":"Liverpool Street","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station"},{"link_name":"Bruce Grove","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Grove_railway_station"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-durham-5"},{"link_name":"Municipal Borough of Tottenham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Tottenham"},{"link_name":"Broadwater Farm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwater_Farm"},{"link_name":"Science Museum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)"}],"text":"From its beginning Rowland Hill ran the school along radical lines, inspired by his friends Richard Price, Thomas Paine, and Joseph Priestley.[6] Its principle was that the role of the schoolmaster is to instill the desire to learn, more than to impart facts. There was no corporal punishment and alleged transgressions were tried by a court of pupils. The school's curriculum included foreign languages, science and engineering.[7] At the time, most established schools focussed on Classics, and for a school to include engineering in its curriculum was almost unheard of.In 1829 and 1830, Hill employed Edward William Brayley to lecture on physical sciences, both at Hazelwood and at Bruce Castle.[8] In the biography of one early pupil, Sir Henry Barkly (1815–1898), the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says that \"...the school's particular curriculum endowed him with a lifetime interest in science and statistics.[9]The school taught the sons of Charles Babbage, the computing pioneer, and of many diplomats based in London, especially from the new nations of South America. One such was the son of José Rufino Echenique, a former President of Peru.[10]Part of the new building. 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William Almack","title":"Head masters"},{"links_in_text":[],"text":"Sketch of the System of Education, Moral and Intellectual, in practice at the Schools of Bruce Castle, Tottenham, and Hazelwood, near Birmingham (London: Baldwin and Co., 1833)","title":"Further reading"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"Category:People educated at Bruce Castle School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Bruce_Castle_School"},{"link_name":"Sir Henry Barkly","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Barkly"},{"link_name":"[11]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-11"},{"link_name":"Dion Boucicault","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dion_Boucicault"},{"link_name":"[12]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-12"},{"link_name":"Sir William Bird","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bird_(UK_politician)"},{"link_name":"Conservative","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)"},{"link_name":"J. Comyns Carr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Comyns_Carr"},{"link_name":"[13]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-13"},{"link_name":"Sir Oscar Clayton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Clayton"},{"link_name":"[14]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-14"},{"link_name":"Edmund Creswell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Creswell"},{"link_name":"Royal Engineers","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Engineers_A.F.C."},{"link_name":"1872 FA Cup Final","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_FA_Cup_Final"},{"link_name":"[15]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-15"},{"link_name":"Frederic Creswell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Creswell"},{"link_name":"South African","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa"},{"link_name":"Minister of Defence","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(South_Africa)"},{"link_name":"[16]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-16"},{"link_name":"Herbert James Draper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_James_Draper"},{"link_name":"[17]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-17"},{"link_name":"Wilson Fox","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Fox"},{"link_name":"George Birkbeck Hill","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Birkbeck_Norman_Hill"},{"link_name":"Joseph Moses Levy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Moses_Levy"},{"link_name":"Charles Robson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robson_(cricketer)"},{"link_name":"John Scott","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scott_(cricketer,_born_1841)"},{"link_name":"Frederick Selous","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Selous"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-carr-18"},{"link_name":"Henry Sweet","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Sweet"},{"link_name":"[19]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-19"},{"link_name":"William Terriss","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Terriss"},{"link_name":"[18]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-carr-18"},{"link_name":"James Wilson","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wilson_(New_Zealand_politician,_born_1849)"},{"link_name":"Herbert Ward","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Ward_(footballer)"},{"link_name":"Southampton","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton_F.C."},{"link_name":"Hampshire","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire_County_Cricket_Club"},{"link_name":"[20]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-ABC-20"},{"link_name":"Jerningham Wakefield","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerningham_Wakefield"},{"link_name":"[21]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Blain-21"}],"text":"See also Category:People educated at Bruce Castle SchoolSir Henry Barkly (1815–1898), politician and colonial governor[11]\nDion Boucicault (1820–1890), dramatist and actor[12]\nSir William Bird (1855–1950), solicitor and Conservative politician\nJ. Comyns Carr (1849–1916), drama and art critic, author, poet, playwright and theatre manager.[13]\nSir Oscar Clayton (1816–1892), surgeon and courtier[14]\nEdmund Creswell (1849–1931), played for the Royal Engineers in the 1872 FA Cup Final[15]\nFrederic Creswell (1866–1948), mining engineer and South African Minister of Defence[16]\nHerbert James Draper (1863–1920), painter[17]\nWilson Fox (1831–1887), physician\nGeorge Birkbeck Hill, literary critic and head master of the school\nJoseph Moses Levy (1812–1888), newspaper editor and publisher\nCharles Robson (1859–1943), cricketer\nJohn Scott (1852–1860), cricketer and barrister\nFrederick Selous (1851–1917), explorer[18]\nHenry Sweet (1845–1912), philologist, phonetician and grammarian[19]\nWilliam Terriss (1847–1897), actor[18]\nJames Wilson (1849–1929), New Zealand politician and farmer\nHerbert Ward (1873–1897), Southampton footballer and Hampshire cricketer.[20]\nJerningham Wakefield (1820–1879), New Zealand politician[21]","title":"Notable Old Brucastilians"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-1"},{"link_name":"Lunar Society","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Society"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-2"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-3"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-4"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-646-36207-0","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-646-36207-0"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-durham_5-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-durham_5-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-6"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-7"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-903481-05-7","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903481-05-7"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-8"},{"link_name":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-9"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-10"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-11"},{"link_name":"'Barkly, Sir Henry (1815–1898)'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1424"},{"link_name":"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-12"},{"link_name":"pp. 23–25","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//books.google.com/books?id=QTSB1eopHbAC&pg=PA24"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-13"},{"link_name":"'Carr, Joseph William Comyns (1849–1916)'","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/46761"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-14"},{"link_name":"Clayton, Sir Oscar Moore Passey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E001195b.htm"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-15"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"1-899468-78-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-899468-78-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-16"},{"link_name":"Who Was Who 1941–1950","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7136-2131-1","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2131-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-17"},{"link_name":"The Times","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times"},{"link_name":"a","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-carr_18-0"},{"link_name":"b","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-carr_18-1"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-19"},{"link_name":"Who Was Who 1897–1915","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-7136-2670-4","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2670-4"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-ABC_20-0"},{"link_name":"ISBN","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"},{"link_name":"0-9514862-3-3","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9514862-3-3"},{"link_name":"^","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_ref-Blain_21-0"},{"link_name":"The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttp//anglicanhistory.org/nz/blain_canterbury2007.pdf"},{"link_name":"v","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Schools_and_colleges_in_Haringey"},{"link_name":"t","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Schools_and_colleges_in_Haringey"},{"link_name":"e","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools_and_colleges_in_Haringey"},{"link_name":"Schools and colleges in Haringey","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_London_Borough_of_Haringey"},{"link_name":"Primary schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_school"},{"link_name":"Eden Primary School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Primary_School,_Muswell_Hill"},{"link_name":"Harris Academy Tottenham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Academy_Tottenham"},{"link_name":"Trinity Primary Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Primary_Academy"},{"link_name":"Secondary schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_school"},{"link_name":"Alexandra Park School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Park_School"},{"link_name":"Duke's Aldridge Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%27s_Aldridge_Academy"},{"link_name":"Fortismere School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortismere_School"},{"link_name":"Gladesmore Community School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladesmore_Community_School"},{"link_name":"Greig City Academy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greig_City_Academy"},{"link_name":"Harris Academy Tottenham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Academy_Tottenham"},{"link_name":"Heartlands High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartlands_High_School"},{"link_name":"Highgate Wood Secondary School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate_Wood_Secondary_School"},{"link_name":"Hornsey School for Girls","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornsey_School_for_Girls"},{"link_name":"Park View School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_View_School,_West_Green"},{"link_name":"St Thomas More RC School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Thomas_More_Catholic_School,_Wood_Green"},{"link_name":"Woodside High School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodside_High_School,_Wood_Green"},{"link_name":"Special schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_school"},{"link_name":"TreeHouse School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TreeHouse_School"},{"link_name":"Private schools","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom"},{"link_name":"Channing School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channing_School"},{"link_name":"Greek Secondary School of London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Secondary_School_of_London"},{"link_name":"Highgate School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate_School"},{"link_name":"Further education colleges","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Further_education"},{"link_name":"Ada, the National College for Digital Skills","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada,_the_National_College_for_Digital_Skills"},{"link_name":"The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_College_of_Haringey,_Enfield_and_North_East_London"},{"link_name":"Haringey Sixth Form College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haringey_Sixth_Form_College"},{"link_name":"London Academy of Excellence Tottenham","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Academy_of_Excellence_Tottenham"},{"link_name":"Bruce Castle School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orgundefined/"},{"link_name":"Byron House School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_House_School"},{"link_name":"Grove House School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_House_School"},{"link_name":"The John Loughborough School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_John_Loughborough_School"},{"link_name":"Moselle Upper School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moselle_Upper_School"},{"link_name":"Stationers' Company's School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationers%27_Company%27s_School"},{"link_name":"Tollington School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tollington_School"},{"link_name":"Tottenham Grammar School","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Grammar_School"},{"link_name":"Tottenham University Technical College","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_University_Technical_College"},{"link_name":"51°35′57.6″N 0°4′30.3″W / 51.599333°N 0.075083°W / 51.599333; -0.075083","url":"https://en.wikipedia.orghttps//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bruce_Castle_School¶ms=51_35_57.6_N_0_4_30.3_W_"}],"text":"^ W. H. G. Armytage, 'The Lunar Society and its Contribution to Education', in University of Birmingham Historical Journal vol. 67 (1967-68)\n\n^ P. W. J. Bartrip, 'A Thoroughly Good School: an Examination of the Hazelwood Experiment in Progressive Education' in British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 28 (1980), pp. 46–59\n\n^ Elie Halévy, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism (1972) pp. 153-4\n\n^ Brown, Robert and Martin/Clark Committee The Hatbox Letters Published by the authors, Adelaide 1999. ISBN 0-646-36207-0\n\n^ a b The Durham research review: the research publication of the Institute of Education, University of Durham, Issues 11-15 (1960), pp. 75-79\n\n^ Malcolm Dick, Joseph Priestley and his Influence on Education in Birmingham (2004)\n\n^ Jean Pegram, 'From Manor House... to Museum', in Haringey History Bulletin, 28 (London: Hornsey Historical Society, 1987, ISBN 0-903481-05-7), p. 10\n\n^ J. N. Hays, 'Brayley, Edward William (1801/2–1870)', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)\n\n^ John Benyon, 'Barkly, Sir Henry (1815–1898)', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004)\n\n^ Carr (1908), p. 6\n\n^ John Benyon, 'Barkly, Sir Henry (1815–1898)' in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004\n\n^ Richard Fawkes, Dion Boucicault (Ardent Media, 2011), pp. 23–25\n\n^ Anthony Esposito, 'Carr, Joseph William Comyns (1849–1916)' in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004\n\n^ Clayton, Sir Oscar Moore Passey at rcseng.ac.uk, accessed 27 July 2011\n\n^ Warsop, Keith (2004). The Early F.A. Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs. Soccer Data. pp. 70–71. ISBN 1-899468-78-1.\n\n^ 'CRESWELL, Lt-Col Hon. Frederic Hugh Page', in Who Was Who 1941–1950 (London: A. & C. Black, 1980 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2131-1)\n\n^ The Times, Issue 42523 dated 23 September 1920, p. 1, col. A\n\n^ a b Joseph Comyns Carr, Some eminent Victorians: personal recollections in the world of art and letters (Duckworth & Co., 1908), pp. 3-4\n\n^ 'SWEET, Henry \nMA, PhD, LLD', in Who Was Who 1897–1915 (London: A. & C. Black, 1988 reprint, ISBN 0-7136-2670-4)\n\n^ Duncan Holley & Gary Chalk (1992). The Alphabet of the Saints. ACL & Polar Publishing. p. 351. ISBN 0-9514862-3-3.\n\n^ Blain, Rev. Michael (2007). The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections (PDF). Christchurch: Project Canterbury. pp. 86–87. Retrieved 27 March 2013.vteSchools and colleges in HaringeyPrimary schools\nEden Primary School\nHarris Academy Tottenham\nTrinity Primary Academy\nSecondary schools\nAlexandra Park School\nDuke's Aldridge Academy\nFortismere School\nGladesmore Community School\nGreig City Academy\nHarris Academy Tottenham\nHeartlands High School\nHighgate Wood Secondary School\nHornsey School for Girls\nPark View School\nSt Thomas More RC School\nWoodside High School\nSpecial schools\nTreeHouse School\nPrivate schools\nChanning School\nGreek Secondary School of London\nHighgate School\nFurther education colleges\nAda, the National College for Digital Skills\nThe College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London\nHaringey Sixth Form College\nLondon Academy of Excellence Tottenham\nDefunct schools\nBruce Castle School\nByron House School\nGrove House School\nThe John Loughborough School\nMoselle Upper School\nStationers' Company's School\nTollington School\nTottenham Grammar School\nTottenham University Technical College51°35′57.6″N 0°4′30.3″W / 51.599333°N 0.075083°W / 51.599333; -0.075083","title":"Notes"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Bruce Castle, the north elevation","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bruce_Castle_north_elevation.JPG/220px-Bruce_Castle_north_elevation.JPG"},{"image_text":"A 19th-century extension built for the school","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bruce_Castle_extension.JPG/170px-Bruce_Castle_extension.JPG"},{"image_text":"Part of the new building. An inscription over the door reads: \"Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap\".","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bruce_Castle_extension_entrance.JPG/170px-Bruce_Castle_extension_entrance.JPG"}]
| null |
[{"reference":"Warsop, Keith (2004). The Early F.A. Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs. Soccer Data. pp. 70–71. ISBN 1-899468-78-1.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-899468-78-1","url_text":"1-899468-78-1"}]},{"reference":"Duncan Holley & Gary Chalk (1992). The Alphabet of the Saints. ACL & Polar Publishing. p. 351. ISBN 0-9514862-3-3.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9514862-3-3","url_text":"0-9514862-3-3"}]},{"reference":"Blain, Rev. Michael (2007). The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections (PDF). Christchurch: Project Canterbury. pp. 86–87. Retrieved 27 March 2013.","urls":[{"url":"http://anglicanhistory.org/nz/blain_canterbury2007.pdf","url_text":"The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections"}]}]
|
[{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bruce_Castle_School¶ms=51_35_57.6_N_0_4_30.3_W_","external_links_name":"51°35′57.6″N 0°4′30.3″W / 51.599333°N 0.075083°W / 51.599333; -0.075083"},{"Link":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1424","external_links_name":"'Barkly, Sir Henry (1815–1898)'"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=QTSB1eopHbAC&pg=PA24","external_links_name":"pp. 23–25"},{"Link":"http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/46761","external_links_name":"'Carr, Joseph William Comyns (1849–1916)'"},{"Link":"http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E001195b.htm","external_links_name":"Clayton, Sir Oscar Moore Passey"},{"Link":"http://anglicanhistory.org/nz/blain_canterbury2007.pdf","external_links_name":"The Canterbury Association (1848-1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections"},{"Link":"https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bruce_Castle_School¶ms=51_35_57.6_N_0_4_30.3_W_","external_links_name":"51°35′57.6″N 0°4′30.3″W / 51.599333°N 0.075083°W / 51.599333; -0.075083"}]
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_River
|
Code River
|
["1 Geography","2 Settlements","3 See also","4 References"]
|
River in Yogyakarta, IndonesiaCodé RiverKali Tjode, Sungai Code, Sungai BoyongNative name
ꦏꦭꦶꦕꦺꦴꦝꦼ (Javanese)
Kali Codhé (Javanese)
LocationCountryIndonesiaProvinceYogyakartaPhysical characteristicsSourceMount Merapi
MouthOpak River • locationGiwangan, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta • elevation67 m (220 ft)
Code River as viewed from near Prawirodirjan, Yogyakarta.
Kali Code and nearby homes in Yogyakarta during the 2014 eruption of Kelud in East Java.
Code (Indonesian pronunciation: ; Indonesian: Kali Code) is the name of a river that flows through the city of Yogyakarta on the island of Java, Indonesia. Pollution is a problem along the river. Sayidan Bridge crosses the river.
Geography
The river flows in the southern central area of Java with predominantly tropical savanna climate (designated as As in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is September, when the average temperature is around 27 °C, and the coldest is April, at 20 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2802 mm. The wettest month is January, with an average of 538 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 8 mm rainfall.
Settlements
Settlements by poor people have been created beside the river over time. Also loss of housing close to the river has occurred during severe eruptions from Mount Merapi.
See also
List of drainage basins of Indonesia
References
^ Down by the riverside - Kali Code by Tessa Toumbourou Inside Indonesia 95: Jan-Mar 2009
^ The Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project in Indonesia. Asian Development Bank. 2012. p. 36. ISBN 978-92-9092-721-1. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
^ Kali Code at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2012-01-17; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
^ a b "River Pollution in Yogyakarta Worsens". En.tempo.co. 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2015-10-07.
^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
^ Kutanegara, Pande Made (2014), Manusia, lingkungan, dan sungai : transformasi sosial kehidupan masyarakat sempalan Sungai Code, Yogyakarta Penerbit Ombak, ISBN 978-602-258-173-4
^ Guiness, Patrick (April 1983), "The gelandangan of Yogyakarta. -illegally settled urban fringe dwellers-", Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 19 (Apr 1983): 68–82, ISSN 0007-4918
^ "Indonesia Builds 500 Temporary Shelters for Mt Merapi Victims Along Code River", Indonesia Government News, Athena Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd, 2010-12-13, retrieved 4 August 2017
vteRivers of JavavteRivers of Banten
Baliung
Ci Banten
Ci Durian
Ci Manceuri
Ci Sadane
Ci Ujung
Liman
Pesanggrahan
vteRivers of Central Java
Bengawan Solo
Bodri
Ci Beet
Ci Dayeuh
Ci Kawalon
Comal
Lusi
Pemali
Progo
Serang
Serayu
Tuntang
vteRivers of East Java
Bengawan Solo
Brantas
Madiun
Mas
Porong
Sanen
Setail
Widas
vteRivers of Jakarta
Angke
Baru Barat
Baru Timur
Buaran
Cakung
Ci Liwung
Ci Pinang
Grogol
Jatikramat
Krukut
Mookervaart
Pesanggrahan
Sunter
vteRivers of West Java
Ci Asem
Ci Beet
Ci Buni
Ci Durian
Ci Kaengan
Ci Kapundung
Ci Kaso (Garut)
Ci Kaso (Sukabumi)
Ci Laki
Ci Liwung
Ci Mandiri
Ci Manuk
Ci Sadane
Ci Tanduy
Ci Tarum
Pesanggrahan
vteRivers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Code
Opak
Oyo
Progo
Rivers of Indonesia
|
[{"links_in_text":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Code_River,_as_viewed_from_near_Prawirodirjan_-_South.jpg"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ash_in_Yogyakarta_during_the_2014_eruption_of_Kelud_09.jpg"},{"link_name":"Kelud","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelud"},{"link_name":"East Java","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Java"},{"link_name":"[tʃode]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay"},{"link_name":"river","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River"},{"link_name":"Yogyakarta","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta"},{"link_name":"Java","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java"},{"link_name":"Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia"},{"link_name":"[1]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-1"},{"link_name":"[2]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-2"},{"link_name":"[3]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-gn1645989-3"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tempo-4"},{"link_name":"[4]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-tempo-4"}],"text":"Code River as viewed from near Prawirodirjan, Yogyakarta.Kali Code and nearby homes in Yogyakarta during the 2014 eruption of Kelud in East Java.Code (Indonesian pronunciation: [tʃode]; Indonesian: Kali Code) is the name of a river that flows through the city of Yogyakarta on the island of Java, Indonesia.[1][2][3] Pollution is a problem along the river.[4] Sayidan Bridge crosses the river.[4]","title":"Code River"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"tropical savanna climate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate"},{"link_name":"[5]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-koppen-5"},{"link_name":"[6]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nasa-6"},{"link_name":"[7]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-nasarain-7"}],"text":"The river flows in the southern central area of Java with predominantly tropical savanna climate (designated as As in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[5] The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is September, when the average temperature is around 27 °C, and the coldest is April, at 20 °C.[6] The average annual rainfall is 2802 mm. The wettest month is January, with an average of 538 mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 8 mm rainfall.[7]","title":"Geography"},{"links_in_text":[{"link_name":"[8]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-8"},{"link_name":"[9]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-9"},{"link_name":"Mount Merapi","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Merapi"},{"link_name":"[10]","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-10"}],"text":"Settlements by poor people have been created beside the river over time.[8][9] Also loss of housing close to the river has occurred during severe eruptions from Mount Merapi.[10]","title":"Settlements"}]
|
[{"image_text":"Code River as viewed from near Prawirodirjan, Yogyakarta.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Code_River%2C_as_viewed_from_near_Prawirodirjan_-_South.jpg/220px-Code_River%2C_as_viewed_from_near_Prawirodirjan_-_South.jpg"},{"image_text":"Kali Code and nearby homes in Yogyakarta during the 2014 eruption of Kelud in East Java.","image_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ash_in_Yogyakarta_during_the_2014_eruption_of_Kelud_09.jpg/220px-Ash_in_Yogyakarta_during_the_2014_eruption_of_Kelud_09.jpg"}]
|
[{"title":"List of drainage basins of Indonesia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_drainage_basins_of_Indonesia"}]
|
[{"reference":"The Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project in Indonesia. Asian Development Bank. 2012. p. 36. ISBN 978-92-9092-721-1. Retrieved 2015-10-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=DjMJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT36","url_text":"The Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project in Indonesia"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9092-721-1","url_text":"978-92-9092-721-1"}]},{"reference":"\"River Pollution in Yogyakarta Worsens\". En.tempo.co. 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2015-10-07.","urls":[{"url":"https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/03/13/206561876/River-Pollution-in-Yogyakarta-Worsens","url_text":"\"River Pollution in Yogyakarta Worsens\""}]},{"reference":"Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). \"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification\". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.","urls":[{"url":"http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html","url_text":"\"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification\""},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)","url_text":"doi"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-11-1633-2007","url_text":"10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007"}]},{"reference":"\"NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index\". NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2017.","urls":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php","url_text":"\"NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index\""},{"url":"http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php","url_text":"the original"}]},{"reference":"\"NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)\". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.","urls":[{"url":"http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014","url_text":"\"NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)\""}]},{"reference":"Kutanegara, Pande Made (2014), Manusia, lingkungan, dan sungai : transformasi sosial kehidupan masyarakat sempalan Sungai Code, Yogyakarta Penerbit Ombak, ISBN 978-602-258-173-4","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISBN"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-602-258-173-4","url_text":"978-602-258-173-4"}]},{"reference":"Guiness, Patrick (April 1983), \"The gelandangan of Yogyakarta. -illegally settled urban fringe dwellers-\", Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 19 (Apr 1983): 68–82, ISSN 0007-4918","urls":[{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)","url_text":"ISSN"},{"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-4918","url_text":"0007-4918"}]},{"reference":"\"Indonesia Builds 500 Temporary Shelters for Mt Merapi Victims Along Code River\", Indonesia Government News, Athena Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd, 2010-12-13, retrieved 4 August 2017","urls":[{"url":"http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/122458712","url_text":"\"Indonesia Builds 500 Temporary Shelters for Mt Merapi Victims Along Code River\""}]}]
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[{"Link":"http://www.insideindonesia.org/down-by-the-riverside-kali-code","external_links_name":"Down by the riverside - Kali Code"},{"Link":"https://books.google.com/books?id=DjMJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT36","external_links_name":"The Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project in Indonesia"},{"Link":"http://www.geonames.org/1645989/kali-code.html","external_links_name":"Kali Code"},{"Link":"https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/03/13/206561876/River-Pollution-in-Yogyakarta-Worsens","external_links_name":"\"River Pollution in Yogyakarta Worsens\""},{"Link":"http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html","external_links_name":"\"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification\""},{"Link":"https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-11-1633-2007","external_links_name":"10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007"},{"Link":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php","external_links_name":"\"NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index\""},{"Link":"http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php","external_links_name":"the original"},{"Link":"http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014","external_links_name":"\"NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)\""},{"Link":"https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-4918","external_links_name":"0007-4918"},{"Link":"http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/122458712","external_links_name":"\"Indonesia Builds 500 Temporary Shelters for Mt Merapi Victims Along Code River\""}]
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