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Officials have announced that leaders from Southern Africa will convene in Swaziland's capital Mbabane for an emergency meeting to address the crisis in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai has called on the United Nations to isolate President Robert Mugabe and deploy a peacekeeping force in Zimbabwe. Despite the U.N. Security Council's recent condemnation of violence against the opposition and declaration that a free and fair presidential election is impossible, Mugabe remains defiant. The meeting in Mbabane has been organized by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in response to international pressure for Mugabe to address the political and economic turmoil in Zimbabwe. The leaders of Tanzania, Angola, and Swaziland will attend the meeting in their capacity as the SADC's troika organ on politics, defense, and security, according to a statement from the Tanzanian government. The statement mentioned that President Levy Mwanawasa of Zambia and President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa, who is the SADC mediator for Zimbabwe, have been invited to the meeting. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss how the SADC and its troika can assist Zimbabwe in resolving its current conflict. Tsvangirai, who has sought refuge in the Dutch embassy in Harare, expressed concern that Zimbabwe would face further problems if the international community did not intervene. He called on the U.N. to take stronger action, including isolating President Mugabe and deploying a force to protect the people. Tsvangirai stated that although armed conflict is not desired, the people of Zimbabwe require strong condemnation from global leaders to be supported by the moral authority of military intervention. He emphasized that the military force would serve as peacekeepers rather than troublemakers, protecting the people from their oppressors and safeguarding the democratic process that Zimbabwe desires. Pressure on Mugabe has been mounting from both within and outside Africa due to Zimbabwe's political and economic crisis, which is attributed by the West and the opposition to the 84-year-old president's 28-year rule. The United States has called on SADC to denounce both the election and Mugabe's government as illegitimate. According to Angola's state-run ANGOP news agency, SADC executive secretary Tomaz Salomao stated that foreign ministers agreed during a meeting on Monday that there was a "climate of extreme violence" in Zimbabwe and that the government needed to protect the people. The vote scheduled for Friday was supposed to be a run-off between Mugabe and Tsvangirai. Tsvangirai had won the first round in March, but official figures did not declare an outright victory for him. Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change also won a parallel parliamentary election in March, marking the first defeat for Mugabe's ZANU-PF party since independence from Britain in 1980. Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade and the leader of South Africa's ruling African National Congress both called for a postponement of Friday's election following Tsvangirai's withdrawal. Zuma, who is seen as one of South Africa's most influential figures alongside Mbeki, has urged the United Nations and SADC to intervene urgently in the crisis in Zimbabwe, which he described as being out of control. South Africa, led by Mbeki, has traditionally favored a strategy of "quiet diplomacy" towards Mugabe and has resisted using its economic power over Zimbabwe. However, Zuma, who replaced Mbeki as leader of the ANC in December, has been increasingly vocal in his criticism of Mugabe. Despite pressure from the international community, Mugabe remains defiant and has stated that the upcoming election will proceed as planned. "Mugabe stated that the elections will continue regardless of whether people acknowledge their legitimacy. Those who support us can do so, while those who do not support us do not have to," said Mugabe. Mugabe has overseen a decline into economic turmoil, with 80 percent unemployment and the world's highest inflation rate of at least 165,000 percent. He attributes his country's economic problems to Western sanctions. | 2 |
However, following the mass shooting in El Paso carried out by a white supremacist, the political world is now headed towards a more extensive and possibly more turbulent confrontation regarding racist extremism. The gun lobby, social media companies, and websites like 8chan are all under scrutiny for promoting toxic ideas that have led to real-life violence. President Trump is facing harsh criticism for his anti-immigrant rhetoric, with calls for him to take responsibility for his words and push for stricter gun regulations. Trump's attempts to deflect criticism through tweets and statements have not been successful in alleviating the political pressure and demands for accountability. Former President Barack Obama made a rare statement on Monday, calling for both gun control and a national rejection of racism and those who promote it. He emphasized the need to reject leaders who use language that incites fear, hatred, and racism, without mentioning any names. Democratic presidential candidates, including Joe Biden, explicitly blamed President Trump for emboldening extremists with his rhetoric. Other political leaders also expressed distress and alarm over the current situation. Michael Bloomberg, the former mayor of New York City who has been a major supporter of gun control, stated in a column that the recent violent acts involving guns should lead to a change in the political landscape surrounding gun laws. He criticized Trump for his response, calling it evasive. Democratic presidential candidates united in their criticism of Trump, with Sen. Elizabeth Warren accusing him of promoting dangerous ideologies and Sen. Cory Booker dismissing his speech as ineffective. Booker plans to give a speech on gun violence at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, where a mass shooting took place in 2015. The issue of gun violence and racism is becoming a major focus in elections beyond the presidential race, with candidates like Mike Johnston in Colorado blaming Trump for fostering a culture that encourages white nationalists. Candidates in 2020 will have to take a clear stance on these issues. Johnston stated in an interview that individuals must choose whether to support white nationalists with guns or stand with the millions of Americans living in fear of them. Trump expressed openness to bipartisan solutions to address gun violence, attributing the spread of "sinister ideologies" to the internet and social media. He emphasized his support for the death penalty and doubted the effectiveness of gun restrictions, stating that mental illness and hatred, not the gun itself, are responsible for violence. Trump's campaign defended him against criticism, accusing Democrats of politicizing a moment of national grief and highlighting the president's condemnation of racism and white supremacy. The campaign also pointed out that Bernie Sanders was not blamed when one of his supporters attempted to attack Republican lawmakers in 2017. He stated that the blame for such terrible attacks ultimately falls on those who carry them out. While Trump and his supporters insist he is not responsible for the rise of extremist violence, many believe he has not distanced himself enough from white supremacists. A survey conducted by the Pew Research Centre in March revealed that a majority of Americans, 56 percent, believe Trump has not done enough to distance himself from white nationalist groups. This sentiment was shared by about a quarter of Republicans or those who lean towards Trump's party. It is not only liberals who have expressed concern over the mass shootings in El Paso and Dayton, viewing them as a crisis for the country and a test for Trump. The conservative National Review magazine published an editorial calling on Americans and the government to address the resurgent ideology of white supremacy, likening it to the government's response to Islamic terrorism. The magazine urged Trump to condemn these actions clearly and repeatedly. Former Republican governor Frank Keating, who led Oklahoma through the 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City by domestic terrorists, emphasized the need for both stricter gun control measures and a new approach from the White House. He advised Trump to be careful with his words in order to avoid causing fear or anger. Keating emphasized the importance of the president's role as a moral leader, suggesting that he must denounce such violence. It remains uncertain if the El Paso shooting could have a significant impact on national politics like the Oklahoma City bombing did in the 1990s. After the Oklahoma City bombing, President Bill Clinton delivered a powerful speech condemning extremist views, which helped boost his image as a strong leader. Trump has not demonstrated any desire to act as a clear moral leader or to reflect on his own promotion of anger and racial division. After the Charlottesville white supremacist march, he controversially stated that there were "very fine people on both sides." Recently, he has made unapologetic attacks on minority group members, including Democratic Congress members. Despite few public criticisms from Republican lawmakers after the El Paso and Dayton shootings, there are private concerns within the party about how his behavior will impact the 2020 elections. Trump's focus on illegal immigration during the midterm elections resulted in a widespread rejection of his party in various cities and suburbs. The final weeks of the 2018 elections were marked by two traumatic events that may have heightened voters' concerns about the president's violent language and appeals to racism: attempted bombings by a Trump supporter and a mass shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh. Trump initially expressed sorrow over the Pittsburgh massacre before returning to his divisive rhetoric on the campaign trail. Despite facing criticism, Trump's rural and white base remained loyal. In the Democratic presidential race, the weekend of violence briefly united the party, highlighting the impact Trump's actions will have on the 2020 campaign. Democrats acknowledged the need to address this political reality amid their own disagreements. In reality, the morning after the two debates of his party, Governor Jay Inslee of Washington state confidently told a reporter in Detroit that his party would easily come together for the 2020 election. Inslee compared the unifying power of his party to a black hole, stating that the only force stronger was a white nationalist in the White House. | 2 |
Throughout the last forty years, including serving as the director of NASA's planetary science division for twelve years and as its chief scientist for the past three years, he has greatly influenced NASA's scientific research, overseeing missions throughout the solar system and contributing to over 100 scientific papers on various topics. While focusing on Earth's magnetic field and plasma waves early in his career, he expanded his research interests. One of his recent significant contributions is the development of a scale called the "confidence of life detection," or CoLD, scale, for confirming the detection of alien life. Additionally, he has proposed the idea of terraforming Mars using a giant magnetic shield to protect the planet's atmosphere and raise surface temperatures. He has also been a strong advocate for exploring other worlds, including a mission to Europa, Jupiter's icy moon, set to launch in 2024. Prior to a December conference of the American Geophysical Union in New Orleans, Green discussed his extensive research and the exploration for extraterrestrial life. The interview excerpts below have been edited and condensed. Green emphasized the importance of a systematic approach in the search for life, introducing the CoLD scale which assigns rankings from one to seven to potential detections. This scale was developed in response to the detection of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere by scientists a few years ago. They observed the possibility of life at an enormous level, but upon further examination, they realized their initial excitement was premature due to contamination in their signal. It may not even be phosphine, and they are unable to reproduce it. Communication about their findings must be improved. Methane is present all over Mars, and while 95% of methane on Earth is produced by life, there is a small percentage that is not. We are currently at a CoLD Level 3, but if a scientist presented an instrument that could elevate it to a CoLD Level 4, I would immediately fund that mission. The goal is to take the right steps towards discovering life in the solar system, instead of just making small advances. NASA has been focused on searching for life on Mars since 1976, but despite missions starting from the 1990s, we have not yet found any signs of life. Response A: Our current methods of identifying signs of life are more systematic and sophisticated compared to before. Earth has been covered in life for a long time, but a billion years ago, Venus had a large ocean and looked very different. It is possible that Mars once had abundant life, as it was a blue planet a billion years ago. However, Mars lost its magnetic field, causing the water to evaporate and the planet to become stagnant around 3.5 billion years ago. It is disappointing that we have not yet found any signs of life on the surface of Mars, as the Viking landers were placed in a random location due to our lack of knowledge about the planet. It felt as though we were placing something in the Gobi Desert, when we should have placed it in Jezero Crater, the river delta where the Perseverance rover is currently located. At the time, we were unaware of its existence. One of the Viking experiments suggested the presence of microbial life in the soil, but only one of the three instruments supported this claim, so we couldn't confirm the discovery of life. Now, with plans to bring back samples, we will finally have conclusive evidence. The need for a sample return mission was unexpected. Question: Can Mars be terraformed by using a large magnetic shield to prevent the sun from stripping its atmosphere, thus allowing the planet to retain more heat and become habitable?
Answer: Yes, it is possible. By preventing atmospheric stripping, the pressure on Mars will increase, leading to the planet beginning to terraform itself. We desire for the planet to be involved in any way possible. As pressure increases, temperature also rises. The initial stage of terraforming would be at 60 millibars, which is ten times higher than our current level. This is known as the Armstrong limit, where blood would not boil if someone were to step outside without a spacesuit. Without the need for a spacesuit, there would be greater freedom of movement and flexibility. The increased temperature and pressure allow for the possibility of planting crops in the soil. There are multiple approaches to creating a magnetic shield. I am currently finalizing a research paper that I have been working on for two years, although I anticipate it will not be well received. The planetary community is generally opposed to the concept of terraforming. I believe we have the ability to alter Venus by using a physical shield that reflects light, which would lower the temperature. In 2015, NASA approved the Europa Clipper mission to explore Jupiter's moon Europa for signs of life, scheduled for launch in 2024 after discovering plumes erupting from its subsurface ocean in 2013. Were you hoping for the mission to occur earlier? A: I would have liked to see it earlier, but it was not possible. There are specific missions that are so large they are known as strategic missions. In order for them to occur, everything must fall into place. You must make a proposal, present a strong case, approach the NASA administration, and then present it to Congress. Every year, I proposed a mission to Europa. Each year, the administration showed no interest in traveling to Europa. The discovery of plumes on Europa was the driving force behind the Europa mission. In 2013, while attending an American Geophysical Union meeting, I was excited to hear several scientists discuss their findings of a plume using Hubble on Europa. I immediately wanted to organize a press conference to share this fantastic news. I contacted NASA headquarters again and they were successful. I brought that information back to headquarters and included it in the story of Europa, which made a big impact. They were impressed and considered implementing the idea. When asked if I wanted a lander on the mission, Congress ultimately decided against it. A: While I would like to have a lander, it is not currently feasible for the mission as it would complicate things. However, all the work we are doing on Clipper is laying the groundwork for a future lander. I made sure that we included a high-resolution imager so that when we fly over certain areas, we will have the necessary information to safely choose a landing spot. Europa has dangerous terrains, so without this imaging, landing would be impossible. It is important to take measured steps rather than rushing into things, as that often leads to failure. Viking serves as a prime example of a situation where we took a significant leap without sufficient knowledge. We lacked understanding of the terrain, soil composition, and toxins present in the soil. Additionally, our understanding of water distribution on the planet was limited. There were ten crucial pieces of information that we should have possessed before sending the Vikings to the surface. As for working on scientific papers in retirement, the question remains unanswered. A: Yes, definitely. I have a paper on Mars that needs to be completed. I am currently working on a paper on Europa. I am also in the process of writing an astrobiology book. I have a strong passion for science. Copyright 2022 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Putin has promised to protect a bank that is partially owned by an old ally, which the US has blacklisted. Russia's response will be in kind to the latest financial and visa restrictions, after imposing its own blacklist. Despite allies laughing off the US sanctions, shares on the Moscow stock exchange have taken a sharp fall. President Obama has threatened to target major sectors of the economy if Russia advances into areas of Ukraine beyond the Black Sea peninsula. Washington and the OSCE are skeptical of Russian assurances about troop movements on the Ukraine border, and the financial pressure is increasing with Visa and MasterCard halting processing payments for a Russian bank owned by individuals on the US blacklist. The EU has also imposed sanctions on Russian officials and expressed a desire to reduce reliance on Russian energy. Putin has signed a law ratifying Crimea's annexation into Russia and creating two new Russian administrative districts. Celebration in Crimea was marked by fireworks, while some Ukrainian and Tatar residents remained cautious. The recent referendum in Crimea, which resulted in overwhelming support for union with Russia following the seizure of the region by Russian troops, was criticized by the US and EU as illegitimate. This paved the way for Crimea's annexation by Russia. President Obama's decision to target the financial interests of those close to Putin, from his time as mayor of St Petersburg to his presidency, has escalated tensions. Putin denied that Bank Rossiya, a St Petersburg-based bank owned by Putin's associate Yuri Kovalchuk, played a role in the events in Crimea. Putin, who believes Crimea acted in self-determination, pledged to move his wages to Bank Rossiya. Other individuals on the US blacklist include prominent figures in the Russian energy sector. European leaders also discussed improving energy security in light of Russia's significant role as a supplier of oil and gas to the EU, with plans to negotiate joint supply deals with Moscow to enhance bargaining power. "It is evident that we must progress towards an energy union," declared Van Rompuy. Merkel suggested that US shale gas could potentially be an alternative for European countries looking to diversify. Obama is set to discuss this at a summit with EU leaders next Wednesday. The US applied pressure through the international financial system by having Visa and MasterCard cease services for transactions with Russia's SMP bank, causing concern among foreign banks and companies about potential ripple effects from the sanctions. A French banker in Moscow stated that the current sanctions were merely superficial and the main risk lay in US dollar transfers, crucial for Russia's energy export-focused economy. Obama mentioned the possibility of further sanctions on sectors like financial services, oil and gas, metals and mining, and the defense industry if Russia escalated military action in eastern and southern Ukraine. Meanwhile, Ukrainian troops in Crimea, surrounded by Russian forces, continued to evacuate their bases, unable to resist Moscow's control of the peninsula. German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier expressed concern over the continuing instability in Ukraine and urged OSCE observers to resume their work promptly. European governments, including Germany and France, took measures against Russia, such as suspending defence-related exports and halting military cooperation. The EU leaders in Brussels showed support for Ukraine's new leadership by signing a political agreement with interim Prime Minister Arseniy Yatseniuk and promising financial aid once a deal is reached with the IMF. The IMF is expected to announce details of a loan program linked to economic reforms next Tuesday. The protests in Ukraine were sparked by former President Yanukovich's refusal to sign an association agreement with the EU. Russia's stock index declined initially due to concerns over sanctions imposed by the US, with credit ratings agencies warning of a negative outlook for Russia's economy. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev stated that Russia would increase financial pressure on Ukraine, demanding repayment of $11 billion under a gas supply contract. | 2 |
US geologists at the Rothera Base in Antarctica celebrated President Barack Obama's inauguration and expressed optimism for a greater emphasis on science. David Barbeau, an assistant professor of geology at the University of South Carolina, described the inauguration as an exciting time and mentioned that there is a sense that the new administration will prioritize science. He also mentioned feeling encouraged by Obama's pledge to increase basic research funding over the next decade. Amanda Savrda, a graduate student in geology at the same university, echoed this sentiment, expressing hope for a president who values and supports science. "It appears to be a good sign for my own future and for the future of many individuals in the field of science," she stated. Barbeau and Savrda are currently working on determining the exact timeframe of when the ocean formed between Antarctica and South America millions of years ago. Meanwhile, at the Rothera base, other scientists are conducting research on various topics such as ice sheets and starfish to understand how they might be impacted by climate change. Obama has committed to making the battle against global warming a top priority. In contrast, former President George W Bush caused frustration among numerous scientists and foreign governments when he chose not to adopt the Kyoto Protocol in 2001, which is the primary UN strategy for combating climate change. Every other developed country supports the Kyoto Protocol. | 2 |
She had never invested much in beauty treatments, rarely getting facials or shopping for beauty products. However, when Dr. Lara Devgan reopened her office in New York, Aubry decided to have a consultation and treatment on the same day. This visit was one of the few times she had left her apartment since March. Aubry, 40, attributed her anxiety to constantly hearing sirens and fearing illness. Having my children at home has impacted my ability to manage my business, and witnessing the effects of the pandemic on the economy has added to my stress levels, causing me to notice a rapid aging process. During the lockdown, the demand for nonessential, noninvasive skin-care treatments such as laser procedures, fillers, and Botox injections has increased significantly. Plastic surgeon Dr. Ben Talei in Los Angeles has observed a surge in people seeking these treatments, particularly those with minimal downtime, as they want to undergo them now while not disrupting their work and social activities. It was likely expected that there would be a large number of catch-up appointments. However, what will the aesthetic industry be like once this initial surge is over? Will more people have a list of cosmetic procedures they want to have done after spending time looking at themselves in virtual meetings? Or, after relying on at-home skin care during a break from visiting the doctor, will some realize they don't actually need medical intervention? Ultimately, the most crucial question is how can all of this be done safely. According to doctors, the pandemic will lead to a shift in focus towards our eyes as masks cover most of our faces. This may result in more requests for under-eye fillers, Botox brow lifts, and eyelid surgery. Additionally, as we cover our faces, there may be more emphasis on the aesthetics of the torso, buttocks, and legs. Doctors are already noticing an increase in requests for body treatments as practices reopen. During summer, surgeries are usually slow as people plan beach vacations, but this year, due to the pandemic restricting travel, more people are opting for plastic surgery procedures. According to the Aesthetic Society, liposuction and tummy tucks accounted for 31% of total procedures in June, up from 26% in June 2019. Breast procedures also saw an increase of 4.3% compared to last June. Dr. Herluf Lund, a plastic surgeon in St. Louis, noted that breast augmentations and lifts have significantly increased in his practice compared to last year, despite the time his practice was closed. Nonsurgical body treatments, particularly injectables, are also in high demand. Shridharani noted a growing interest in using syringes rather than scalpels for cosmetic procedures. Injectables, approved by the FDA for facial use, can also be effective for addressing body concerns. For example, Shridharani uses Kybella to dissolve double chins and melt fat in various areas of the body, as well as injecting diluted Sculptra to stimulate collagen production in arms and thighs for smoother skin. (Shridharani receives financial compensation from the companies that make Kybella and Sculptra.) The trend of excessive fillers and Botox among celebrities and influencers appears to be declining. Plastic surgeon Steven Pearlman predicts that the baby-smooth, motionless foreheads and overfilled lips and cheeks, which have already started to lose popularity, will continue to decrease. Pearlman believes that people have become accustomed to a more natural look during lockdowns and will realize that an extreme appearance is not necessary. Changes in social media habits may also occur, with uncertainty about whether Botox appointments will continue to be shared on platforms like Instagram. In a time of concerns about the coronavirus, economic hardship, and increasing national unrest, sharing expensive cosmetic procedures on social media could attract criticism. During the Black Lives Matter protests at the end of May, many aesthetic doctors paused posting before-and-after photos to be more sensitive to the current situation. While some questioned the appropriateness of posting on social media during this time, others have found it to be an important way to stay connected during lockdowns. People have become more willing to share personal details with their followers on social media. Maybe we will reach a compromise where instead of patients sharing about their procedures on their own social media, more patients will allow their doctors to share their procedure photos. Aubry mentioned that she would not have allowed this before, but after her experience, she wanted other women to know about their options without feeling ashamed. However, is it safe to have aesthetic procedures right now? Dr. Adolf Karchmer, an infectious disease expert at Harvard Medical School, explains that in medicine, everything is about weighing risks and benefits. While some people may feel they need these procedures for psychological or professional reasons, the risk of contracting coronavirus will never be zero, but offices should implement safety measures to minimize the risk. Karchmer was a member of a task force that created Project AesCert, which provides safety protocols for reopening. Patients should be aware that safety precautions start even before they reach the office, as practices will be conducting screenings for symptoms, potential exposures, and preexisting conditions. Some practices may choose to not accept patients who are at a high risk for COVID-19. Lund emphasized the importance of patients inquiring about a practice's safety protocols as the first step. Patients should ask if the practice can easily and confidently describe their safety measures over the phone or on their website. Upon arrival, patients will have their temperature checked and paperwork should be completed online before the appointment. Additionally, everyone present should be wearing masks. The doctor will wear personal protective gear, such as an N95 mask, face shield, gown, and gloves. Due to the risk of coronavirus exposure, many consultations and follow-ups will be conducted virtually to reduce traffic in the office. Dr. Devgan emphasized the importance of aesthetics during this time, as medical resources are not at their best and complications from procedures could be more dangerous. | 2 |
In the southern town of Gafsa, clashes erupted between numerous young people throwing stones and police using tear gas to disperse them. However, the situation was peaceful in other parts of the North African country that was the birthplace of the Arab Spring uprisings. The possibility of further trouble was raised by calls for a general strike, while the family of the murdered secular politician Chokri Belaid indicated that his funeral, which could be another potential flashpoint, might not take place until Friday. Prime Minister Hamdi Jebali of the Ennahda party announced on Wednesday that he would replace the government with a non-partisan cabinet until elections could be held soon. However, a senior Ennahda official stated that Jebali had not consulted the party, suggesting division within the Islamist group over the decision to change the ruling coalition. Tunisia's main opposition parties also opposed the idea of a government of experts and insisted on being involved in the formation of any new cabinet. Political analysts warned that prolonged deadlock could worsen the unrest, highlighting the divide between Islamists and secular groups who are concerned about the potential threats to freedom of expression, cultural rights, and women's rights, just two years after the fall of the Western-supported dictatorship. Belaid was killed by a gunman who escaped on a motorcycle as he was leaving home for work. The killing of a prominent politician sparked widespread protests across Tunisia, reminiscent of the unrest in Egypt. Although no one claimed responsibility for the murder, the ruling Ennahda party faced backlash, with their headquarters set on fire. The opposition pushed for a new cabinet, but the dysfunctional parliament raised concerns of prolonged deadlock and further unrest. Many Tunisians feared that religious radicals were threatening the freedoms gained during the Arab Spring uprisings. International powers urged for a peaceful transition to democracy, as concerns grew about the influence of hardline Islamists and the slow progress towards economic improvement. The crisis also led to increased investor fears, as the cost of insuring Tunisian government bonds against default reached a four-year high. It remains lower than that of unrest-racked Egypt, however, Tunisia lacks the vast oil and gas resources of neighboring Libya and Algeria, relying heavily on tourism for revenue. Further unrest could discourage visitors. After protests on Wednesday, Jebali announced that discussions on government restructuring had failed due to disagreements within the coalition. A secular party threatened to leave unless Ennahda replaced some ministers. Opposition parties demanded Jebali consult with them before dissolving his cabinet, with some calling for the resignation of the entire government. Belaid, who was killed the day before, had been criticizing a pattern of violence. He stated that the tolerance shown by Ennahda and its two smaller secularist allies towards Salafists has allowed the growth of groups that are against modern culture and liberal ideas. Similar to Egypt, secular leaders have accused Islamists of trying to promote narrow religious beliefs in the new government. This disagreement has delayed an agreement on a constitution for a parliamentary election, which was expected to happen by June. However, unlike Egypt, Ennahda has struggled to form a stable partnership with key state institutions, unlike the Muslim Brotherhood's relationship with the Egyptian military. According to a recent analysis by risk consultancy Stratfor, Ennahda's inability or unwillingness to rely on the state security apparatus has left them with limited resources to address the increasing political opposition and demands for significant changes in the government. | 2 |
However, following an unsuccessful coup in 2016, Erdogan initiated a widespread crackdown. In the aftermath of his re-election with increased powers, the economy experienced instability and the lira depreciated. As cronyism and authoritarianism become more prevalent within his government, Turks are expressing their discontent by leaving the country in large numbers, taking their skills and resources with them. This trend, as indicated by government data and experts, suggests a significant and concerning lack of confidence in Erdogan's leadership. Over the past few years, not only have students and academics emigrated, but also entrepreneurs, business owners, and many wealthy individuals who are liquidating their assets and relocating their families and finances abroad. Merve Bayindir, a hat designer, stated that she was selling all her belongings after shutting down her business in Istanbul and relocating it to London, as reported by The New York Times. According to the Turkish Institute of Statistics, over 250,000 Turks emigrated in 2017, marking a 42 percent increase from 2016 when almost 178,000 citizens left the country. This emigration trend is viewed as a significant societal shift that could have long-lasting effects on Turkey, with experts like Ibrahim Sirkeci from Regent's University in London warning of a potential setback for the country. Sirkeci emphasized the reality of the brain drain phenomenon. The departure of individuals, talent, and money is being propelled by a combination of factors that have become synonymous with life under Erdogan. Critics believe these factors, which include fear of persecution, terrorism, a lack of trust in the judicial system, and economic concerns exacerbated by suspicions of Erdogan's self-serving economic management, are here to stay. As a result, many wealthy individuals, particularly the secular elite who have long been influential in Turkey, are leaving the country for the first time in its nearly century-long history. Meanwhile, those close to Erdogan and his party are rising to take their place. One such individual is Merve Bayindir, a hat designer from Istanbul, who is relocating to London. She described the process of selling her business and home before leaving the country. Protesters who took part in the demonstrations in Taksim Square in Istanbul in June 2013 faced harassment and persecution, leading many to leave Turkey. One of the participants, Bayindir, still feels traumatized by the violence and experiences fear in her own city. Many individuals faced harassment and persecution in Turkey, leading them to leave the country. Erdogan criticized the protesters and many were arrested or harassed before leaving. Discrimination, cultural and personal, along with anger and violence, made the situation unbearable for many. Thousands, including Bayindir, have sought business visas in Britain or golden visa programmes in Greece, Portugal, and Spain. The number of Turks applying for asylum in Europe has also significantly increased in the last three years, according to Sirkeci, who has researched Turkish migration to Britain for 25 years. He believes that 10,000 Turkish individuals have utilized a business visa program to relocate to the United Kingdom in recent years, with a significant increase in applications since the start of 2016. This number is twice as many as the years 2004 to 2015. The number of Turkish citizens seeking political asylum in the UK tripled in the six months following the coup attempt, and increased sixfold in Germany, based on information from the UN refugee agency. The global number of Turkish asylum seekers rose by 10,000 in 2017 to over 33,000. Many of those fleeing are supporters of Fethullah Gulen, the preacher based in Pennsylvania who is accused of orchestrating the 2016 coup, or individuals accused of being his followers based on weak evidence. Tens of thousands of teachers and academics lost their jobs following the coup, with many being dismissed for signing a peace petition urging the government to end military actions in Kurdish areas and resume peace talks. Hundreds have sought employment overseas. Erdogan has aimed to make Turkey more conservative and religious, with a growing middle class and a select group of elites who owe their economic success to him. According to Bekir Agirdir, director of Konda polling company, the flight of capital and talent is a deliberate effort by Erdogan to reshape society. The government's support for new businesses, through subsidies and contracts, has led to the rapid replacement of older businesses. “There is a shift of wealth happening,” he stated. “It involves societal and political restructuring.” Ilker Birbil, a mathematician facing charges for supporting the peace petition and relocating to Utrecht University in the Netherlands, cautioned that Turkey was experiencing a permanent loss of its citizens. Birbil stated that those who are leaving have no intention of returning, pointing to the divided political environment in the nation. “This is a cause for concern in Turkey.” “I have been inundated with emails from students and acquaintances looking to leave Turkey,” he added. Erhan Erkut, a co-founder of MEF University in Istanbul, which focuses on teaching innovation and entrepreneurship, noted that students feel hopeless about change due to Erdogan's long-standing presidency of 17 years. Sirkeci from Regent's University said that many families in Turkey are only familiar with the current government and are unaware of other possibilities. He also mentioned that families are starting businesses in other countries for their children to take over in the future. According to the Global Wealth Migration Review by AfrAsia Bank, around 12 percent of Turkey's millionaires moved their assets out of the country in 2016 and 2017, with most of them relocating to Europe or the United Arab Emirates. Istanbul, Turkey's largest business center, was among the top seven cities worldwide seeing an increase in wealthy individuals leaving. The report mentioned that throughout history, major country collapses have been preceded by the migration of wealthy individuals out of the country. Erdogan has criticized businesspeople who have moved their assets abroad as the Turkish economy struggles, warning them that they will not be forgiven. He made these remarks at a business association event in Istanbul, stating that the nation's people would hold them accountable in this life and the next. Erdogan also expressed disbelief at this behavior, particularly as reports surfaced of Turkey's largest companies divesting in the country. Several companies have moved a significant amount of money overseas due to concerns about being targeted in the aftermath of a coup or during an economic downturn. One example is Yildiz Holding, a Turkish food company, which faced backlash on social media for alleged ties to Gulen's movement. In response, Yildiz restructured $7 billion of debt and transferred majority shares of Ulker, a Turkish biscuit maker, to its London-based holding company to protect them from Turkish courts. According to Mehmet Gun, the owner of a law firm in Istanbul, billions of dollars have left Turkey in recent years out of fear following the coup attempt. Similarly, designer Bayindir began relocating her company to London two years ago. In Turkey, she used to have six employees and a showroom, but now she creates and produces hats on her own in a rented studio in London. She mentioned that she could have remained in Istanbul where she would have had a better life. However, the situation in Turkey had become so stressful that she was concerned about potential civil unrest or even civil war between supporters of Erdogan and their adversaries. She observed that Istanbul had changed significantly and no longer had the same vibrancy as before. She appears exhausted. It is significant for me to not want to be here, as I am someone who truly adores the city. | 2 |
Sheikh Shahariar Zaman, Senior Correspondent at bdnews24.com in Dhaka, reports that the government plans to implement a Green Initiative in all export-processing zones in order to decrease energy consumption. Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority Member Mahbubur Rahman explains that industries in the EPZs release steam into the air from boilers, which could be utilized to generate heat and save a significant amount of energy. Rahman reveals that a project is currently underway at Chittagong Export Processing Zone to create a plan for reducing carbon emissions, with support from organizations such as the International Finance Corporation, UKAID, KOICA, and the European Union. He emphasizes the importance of implementing energy efficient systems in all export-processing zones to fulfill Bangladesh's commitment to reducing carbon emissions and adapting to the effects of climate change. There are eight export-processing zones in Bangladesh. According to Senior Investment Officer of International Finance Corporation Han-koo Yeo, awareness and sharing of knowledge are key factors to consider when implementing the Green Initiative. The project in Chittagong will give local companies a chance to learn how to adopt the initiative. Yeo emphasized the importance of using energy efficiently for sustainable business development. | 2 |
Inspired by Greta Thunberg, 16-year-old student Aman Sharma started a petition on Change.org in May to address the increasing heat, dryness, pollution, and water scarcity. He launched the campaign to pressure the government to take action for the sake of future survival. Sharma's demands to the environment ministry include expanding the country's green cover and meeting commitments under the 2015 Paris climate agreement to limit global warming. Despite the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change not responding to requests for comment, Sharma's petition has gained over 170,000 signatures. With support from film personalities like Nathalie Kelley and some Bollywood names, Sharma hopes to gain the attention of Hollywood environmentalist Leonardo DiCaprio next. On Wednesday, DiCaprio shared a photo on Instagram depicting women in Chennai, a city in southern India, struggling to draw water from a nearly empty well. This highlights the daily challenges faced by many residents. Chennai has been in the global spotlight due to its main reservoirs drying up, primarily because of insufficient monsoons in 2018. This has led to water rationing. A report by government think-tank NITI Aayog last year predicted that Chennai, along with 20 other cities, would run out of groundwater by 2020. The report also warned of a severe long-term water crisis in India, putting 600 million people at risk of facing water shortages. In addition, a heatwave in the north has claimed the lives of at least 36 people this year, with New Delhi experiencing record-breaking temperatures of 48 degrees Celsius (118 Fahrenheit). Jitendra Sharma, a well-known Instagram influencer based in Mumbai, recently initiated a petition that garnered nearly 300,000 signatures by Friday. He expressed optimism that the government would soon declare a climate emergency, emphasizing the urgency of the situation and pointing to other countries that have already taken similar steps. In a gesture towards the growing activism among young people in Europe, Britain's parliament declared a symbolic climate change "emergency" in May. Environmentalist Chandra Bhushan defined a climate emergency as the prioritization of climate change in policy and planning decisions. Bhushan from the Centre for Science and Environment in Delhi stated that the Indian government will need to acknowledge the crisis and create an action plan. He emphasized that India is facing difficulties and even if the government doesn't recognize the climate emergency currently, they will eventually have to address it. | 2 |
The South Asian nation has made progress in the fight against hunger, but still ranks among 40 countries with a high GHI score of 20.4, down from 25.8 last year. A high GHI score can indicate issues such as food scarcity, poor diet quality, inadequate child care practices, and unhealthy environments. The GHI ranks countries on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 being the best score (no hunger) and 100 being the worst. The 2020 Global Hunger Index, jointly published by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, was released online on Friday. Countries are classified into moderate, serious, or alarming hunger levels based on the most recent official data from sources like FAO, UNICEF, and WHO. The Index does not currently reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report warns that achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development goal of 'Zero Hunger' by 2030 will be a significant challenge. The Global Hunger Index indicates that hunger and undernutrition have worsened in countries with high hunger levels. Progress in many countries is slow or even deteriorating, according to the report. GHI scores are calculated based on four indicators: undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality. According to the index, Bangladesh has made significant progress in reducing child stunting, with a decrease of 12.8 percentage points between 2012 and 2020. However, undernourishment continues to be a problem, affecting 13 percent of the population. This is a slight improvement from the rate of 13.8 percent in 2012. Additionally, the under-five mortality rate in the country has decreased to 3 percent in 2020, down from 4.3 percent in 2012. The COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a potential doubling of the country's poverty rate this year. Hasina Rahman, Assistant Country Director at Concern Worldwide, highlighted Bangladesh's vulnerability to worsening food and nutrition insecurity due to the overlapping crises of 2020. She emphasized the need for collective action to reshape food systems to be fair, healthy, and environmentally friendly in order to address current crises, prevent future ones, and work towards Zero Hunger by 2030. Bangladesh ranks lower on the index compared to Sri Lanka and Nepal, who have 'moderate' levels of hunger. India is behind Pakistan in the rankings, with Afghanistan also featuring in the index. The 2020 rankings do not yet reflect the impact of COVID-19 on countries. It is clear that existing vulnerabilities to food insecurity have been highlighted by recent events. Concern Worldwide Chief Executive Dominic MacSorley stated that even before COVID-19, the world was not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. The economic downturn, along with other crises such as climate change and conflict, has worsened the situation. COVID-19 has revealed the shortcomings of the world's food system in dealing with multiple crises. Experts suggest that a holistic approach to global and environmental health is necessary to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. | 2 |
Britain's Home Secretary revealed that only a small minority of organizations consulted about the government's proposal to allow police to detain terrorism suspects for up to 42 days without charge actually support the idea. Jacqui Smith defended the controversial plans to increase the detention period from 28 days, despite opposition from key figures such as the Director of Public Prosecutions and the former Attorney General. Smith did not disclose the names of the organizations or individuals who supported the proposal. Media reports over the weekend indicated that the head of MI5, Jonathan Evans, expressed to MPs privately that he did not support the new laws. Despite this, senior police officers, such as London Commissioner Ian Blair, have endorsed the extension. Smith contended that the proposed laws were crucial in allowing police more time to interrogate suspects in intricate terrorism cases. She emphasized that the laws would have "safeguards" in place, with any request to extend the time limit requiring approval from both parliament and a judge. When questioned by both opposition and government members, Smith refuted claims that the 42-day limit was influenced by political motives, asserting that it was implemented to ensure successful prosecutions. She stated that there may come a time in the future when only having 28 days could result in releasing someone before evidence is gathered against them. Although she had previously believed that the time limit did not need to be extended, she now feels differently due to ongoing terrorism threats. If she and other senior police officers are mistaken about the need for holding someone longer than 28 days, the pre-trial extension would never be utilized. Smith unexpectedly announced the plans last week, leading to criticism from opposition parties, human rights groups, and some Muslim organizations. The strong opposition, including from government MPs, suggests that Smith and Prime Minister Gordon Brown will face difficulty in passing the laws in parliament. This would replicate the challenges faced by former Prime Minister Tony Blair, who experienced his initial defeat in the Commons in 2005 when he attempted to extend the detention period to 90 days. | 2 |
A statement from the Bangladesh mission in Geneva announced that Bangladesh has been chosen as a titular member of the governing body of the International Labour Organisation for the 2008-11 term. Bangladesh will represent the Asia Pacific Group of countries within the ILO. The elections for 18 new titular members took place at the international labour conference in Geneva, where the ILO governing body, which consists of 56 regular members, was discussed. The statement noted that the governing body includes members from governments, employers, and workers to reflect the unique tripartite structure of the ILO. Acting labour and employment secretary Mahfuzul Haque, currently in Geneva, explained to bdnews24.com that the election demonstrates the international community's backing of the country's commitment to various ILO agreements. Haque emphasized that as a member of ILO GB, Bangladesh will have a significant role in safeguarding the rights of workers both domestically and internationally. He also mentioned that Bangladesh is currently involved in implementing several projects with ILO aimed at eradicating child labor, ensuring safe working conditions, developing guidelines for the ship-breaking industry, and protecting workers from climate change-related disasters. Haque expressed confidence that following the elections, Bangladesh will be able to undertake more projects with ILO support to advance the causes of the labor community. | 2 |
The Foreign Service Academy conducted a training session for the first time, involving 15 young diplomats from neighboring countries and Bangladesh. Certificates were distributed by Foreign Secretary M Shahidul Haque at the closing ceremony. Ambassadors and high commissioners from various countries were present at the event. The training covered various aspects of international relations such as diplomacy, foreign policy, human rights, international trade, energy security, and climate change. Additionally, the course included teachings on the subcontinent's history, culture, democratic values, traditions, and development priorities. Participants were also taken on visits to art galleries, museums, manufacturing plants, and other important institutions in Bangladesh. Established in 1996, the Foreign Service Academy offers specialized training to Bangladeshi diplomats. It was mentioned by the foreign ministry that this was the first time they organized an international training program for foreign diplomats. A foreign ministry official stated that they may consider making this a regular program based on the success of the first course. | 2 |
Researchers reported that a Stone Age graveyard in the Sahara desert, called Gobero, is filled with the remains of people, fish, and crocodiles from a time when the desert was briefly green. The 10,000-year-old site in Niger was discovered in 2000 by a group led by University of Chicago paleontologist Paul Sereno, who realized they were in a green Sahara while looking for dinosaur fossils. The site contains at least 200 graves from two separate settlements 1,000 years apart. A woman and two children, their arms interlocked, were buried on a bed of flowers approximately 5,000 years ago, in what is considered a dramatic burial. The older group, known as Kiffians, were tall hunter-gatherers who left the area due to a drought that dried up the lake around 8,000 years ago. A second group, the Tenerians, settled in the area between 7,000 and 4,500 years ago. They were smaller in stature and engaged in hunting, herding, and fishing. Both groups left behind various artifacts such as tool kits, fishhooks, ceramics, and jewelry, according to a report published in the Public Library of Science journal PLoS ONE by Sereno's team. Chris Stojanowski, a bioarchaeologist from Arizona State University working on the site, stated that it is initially difficult to imagine two more biologically distinct groups of people burying their dead in the same location. The Sahara, the world's largest desert for tens of thousands of years, experienced changes in its climate due to shifts in the Earth's orbit 12,000 years ago, which brought monsoons further north temporarily. The team conducted tests on tooth enamel, pollen, bones, soil, and tools to determine the age of the site, artifacts, and remains. The researchers concluded in their report that the data from Gobero, along with other sites in North Africa, suggest that we are just beginning to comprehend the intricate history of biosocial evolution in response to significant climate changes in the Sahara. | 2 |
A couple of nights earlier, they were throwing Molotov cocktails during the ongoing anti-government demonstrations in Hong Kong. However, when their friends were arrested by the police, they became worried that they would be next. In desperation, they reached out to a private online group that assists people in escaping to Taiwan. In a matter of hours, they were on a flight to Taipei, the capital city. One of the protesters nervously stated, "We are running from the authorities," while glancing around the food court. "We had little time to understand the situation." After leaving the airport, the group quickly got into a black van and drove off towards an uncertain future. They are part of the over 200 young protesters who have escaped to Taiwan since the beginning of the Hong Kong democracy movement this year. According to lawyers, pastors, and other supporters who have assisted them in leaving, dozens of protesters have arrived in recent weeks after fleeing university campuses under siege by police. Their escape is driven by fears of arrest and violence as clashes between protesters and authorities have escalated, with demonstrators facing tear gas, batons, and water cannons from police. Some protesters, feeling resentful that peaceful tactics did not yield results, have become more aggressive, damaging buildings and attacking police. Over 5,000 people have been arrested since the protests began in June, with hundreds facing potential severe punishments. Despite many individuals pledging to continue the fight, a growing atmosphere of distrust is causing some demonstrators to depart Hong Kong out of concerns about receiving fair treatment in court or potential mistreatment in detention, including reports of sexual assault and rumors of torture. Others are seeking medical treatment in Taiwan after hearing about arrests occurring in Hong Kong hospitals. Protesters and organizers assisting with escapes have emphasized the need to keep certain details and identities confidential to ensure the operation's safety. Chris Ng, a lawyer representing arrested protesters, noted that individuals are aware of the severe consequences they may face for their actions in Hong Kong and have lost confidence in the city's judicial system. Ng mentioned instances where protesters did not appear in court, indicating that they may have fled Hong Kong. Despite being willing to face legal repercussions, protesters doubt they will receive fair treatment or appropriate punishment in Hong Kong's legal system. A secret network of supporters has emerged along the pipeline between Hong Kong and Taiwan, assisting protesters with safe houses, transportation, and exits. Wealthy donors, aid groups, volunteers, fishermen, and pastors are all playing a role in helping protesters escape to safety. Chun Sen Huang, a lively 54-year-old pastor at Chi Nan Presbyterian Church in Taipei, humorously mentioned that he is becoming accustomed to unexpected gatherings. He plays a significant role in the network by serving as a liaison, organizing travel arrangements, securing accommodations, and connecting protesters with various resources in Taiwan. Huang stated that he is always busy responding to requests on his phone, even during church services. He recently encountered a protester seeking help after allegedly being raped by Hong Kong police, and another group of students who escaped from Hong Kong Polytechnic University arrived in Taiwan by plane. Huang helped them contact a lawyer who assisted in obtaining temporary student visas through a Taiwanese university. A mother inquired about finding a new guardian for her 14-year-old son, who had thrown Molotov cocktails. Taiwan, an independent island, is a convenient and hospitable sanctuary for individuals seeking refuge. Similar to Hong Kong, Taiwan has a tradition of welcoming dissidents from mainland China. Despite Beijing's claim that Taiwan is part of China, Taiwanese leaders affirm their autonomy. Many Taiwanese citizens are showing their support for the protests due to concerns about China's interference in Hong Kong and how it may impact the future of their own democratic island. The protests began in response to anger over an extradition bill, which has since been withdrawn, that would have allowed Hong Kong authorities to send a fugitive to Taiwan to face murder charges despite the lack of an extradition treaty between the two regions. Protesters in Hong Kong feared that the change in law could result in dissidents being sent to mainland China for trial, where the courts are influenced by the Communist Party. While Taiwan is embracing the protesters, its government is proceeding cautiously to avoid angering Beijing by enacting more lenient asylum laws. Many individuals who come seeking safety end up in a legal gray area with only temporary visas. Huang, who has been a pastor in Taiwan for 22 years, has assisted numerous dissidents in escaping persecution from the Chinese government, but had never witnessed an operation of this magnitude before. He compared the current situation to "Operation Yellowbird," a clandestine network that helped hundreds of dissidents leave China for Hong Kong following the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, when Hong Kong was still under British rule. "Darkness can never overcome light," Huang said as he guided five newcomers into the church. "I am confident that democracy and freedom will ultimately triumph over totalitarianism." The choice to stay or flee is a difficult one for protesters. Ali, a senior at Hang Seng University, has been arrested twice and could face up to 10 years in prison. During her second arrest, she was held in a parking lot with 70 other protesters for 48 hours. Ali described the lack of privacy, with male officers entering bathrooms without warning and overhearing interrogations of other protesters. She mentioned that she was accused of rioting without being told why. During her time in custody, she missed her first day of work as an associate teacher at a primary school, resulting in her being dismissed from the job. As she waits for her trial, her aspiration of becoming a teacher is fading. She described the situation as feeling like she is reminiscing about a previous existence. Ali expressed her feelings of despair, stating that her future has been destroyed, while speaking from her grandmother's residence where she currently resides. The situation has led her to question what opportunities are still available to her. With her passport taken away, she would have to depend on smugglers to transport her by boat to Taiwan. However, she is concerned about leaving her elderly grandmother behind, as she is unable to care for herself. The possibility of not being able to come back is also weighing on her mind. Thankfully, there are volunteer groups offering financial assistance to protesters seeking to flee, with one social worker revealing that she has helped 11 protesters make their way to Taiwan. The social worker, who does not have children of her own, expressed a sense of duty to assist young people and fight against totalitarianism. Despite concerns about legal consequences, she has been raising funds for protesters since July, particularly helping a 17-year-old who was kicked out of his home for participating in the protests. She prefers to receive donations in cash and in person to avoid potential undercover police officers. She stated that a large number of people in Hong Kong are dissatisfied, refuting Beijing's claim that only a small group of radical individuals influenced by the US are behind the protests. She mentioned that support for the movement comes from a diverse range of people. In Taiwan, protesters typically receive monthly visas that can be renewed regularly. Daniel, a 22-year-old protester, has been in Taiwan since July on an extended tourist visa. He described his initial involvement in the protests as quite extreme, including storming Hong Kong's legislative building, which was captured on surveillance video. Two police officers approached him on the sidewalk the following day and informed him that they knew who he was. This made Daniel understand that he could no longer deceive himself and had to leave home. Although he managed to avoid being arrested, he does not feel safe. He suspects that his phone has been hacked and that he is being followed. While he receives financial support from an aid group in Hong Kong to cover his living expenses, he worries that the money will not last. The pressure he was under caused him to seek help from a psychologist, who determined he had post-traumatic stress disorder. Daniel explained that the most difficult part for him is the longing he feels for everything he had to abandon. As he was about to leave, he remembered standing at the foot of the stairs to his home, overcome with emotion. This memory is one that he constantly revisits in his mind. "I realized that I might never return to Hong Kong to see my home or my mother again," he expressed. Text from around 2019, provided by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
DBL's compound experienced an explosion last month during the fighting in the Tigray region, causing significant damage to the factory and forcing the company to halt operations. Adbul Waseq, an official at the company, described the terrifying experience of praying out loud as they feared for their lives. This incident is one of several that have led foreign garment makers, including DBL, to suspend operations in Tigray. Despite Ethiopia's efforts to invest in infrastructure and become a manufacturing powerhouse, recent events have disrupted its economic growth. A year after assuming office, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed promised to reduce the government's control over an economy with a population of over 100 million and open up sectors like telecommunications, leading to optimism among investors similar to the glasnost era. However, Ethiopia has faced numerous challenges over the past two years including ethnic conflicts, natural disasters, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent conflict between the army and Tigray's former ruling party, along with concerns about prolonged unrest, have made investors cautious. The country's efforts to boost manufacturing exports have not yet generated enough foreign currency to cover imports or debt service costs, putting it at risk of debt distress even before the pandemic, according to the IMF. Abiy's government stated that despite facing crises, Ethiopia is moving forward with reforms to establish a modern economy. Mamo Mihretu, a senior policy adviser in the prime minister's office, mentioned that the Ethiopian economy has shown resilience despite the challenges of COVID and ongoing insecurity. Ethiopia's textile production is relatively small compared to countries like Vietnam and China, with exports totaling $94 million in 2016. The country's main exports are agricultural products such as coffee, tea, spices, oil seeds, plants, and flowers, but its efforts to expand into the textile industry in the last decade reflect its manufacturing aspirations. As the conflict approached Mekelle, the regional capital of Tigray, textile companies started closing down and evacuating their staff. Cristiano Frati, an electrician from a factory run by Italian hosiery chain Calzedonia, expressed concern about not being able to leave the city as the fighting intensified. Calzedonia suspended operations at their plant employing 2,000 people on Nov. 13 due to the conflict and has not provided any additional comments. A broad perspective reveals the Hawassa Industrial Park in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples region of Ethiopia on November 17, 2017. Meanwhile, DBL has evacuated its international employees from Ethiopia. "The situation has become unclear," stated managing director M.A. Jabbar. "We are unsure of when the conflict will come to an end." Another international company, Velocity Apparelz Companies, which supplies to H&M and Children's Place, has temporarily closed down, as confirmed by a company official to Reuters. H&M expressed their concern and stated that they are closely monitoring the situation, mentioning that three of their suppliers in Tigray have stopped production. However, they assured that they will continue to source from Ethiopia, where they have a total of about 10 suppliers. Indochine Apparel, a Chinese company that supplies Levi Strauss & Co, reported that their operations in the Hawassa industrial park in the southern part of the country are not affected. Levi Strauss stated that they are keeping an eye on the situation and confirmed that there has been no impact on their supply chain so far. The apparel industry in Ethiopia was facing challenges before the conflict in Tigray due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some factories closed down, while others reduced wages or let go of employees. This downturn was not exclusive to the garment sector, as insurance companies had already stopped covering political risks outside of certain regions in Ethiopia. A risk consultant described the current situation in Ethiopia as bleak. Similar to many other individuals interviewed by Reuters, the consultant preferred to remain anonymous due to concerns about potential retaliation from government officials. Prior to the conflict in Tigray, Prime Minister Abiy's attempts to alleviate a repressive political environment had already resulted in ethnic tensions. This violence, which escalated in 2019, had caused disruptions in various projects, particularly in agriculture. According to the director of an agri-industry project that had to postpone its investment last year, the fighting coincided with the planting season. Employees are currently working on sewing clothes at the Indochine Apparel textile factory located in Hawassa Industrial Park in Ethiopia's Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region as of November 17, 2017, according to Reuters. Swedish furniture company IKEA had set up a purchasing office in Ethiopia last year, but decided to close it down in September because of challenges related to the political and social climate, COVID-19, and changes in the cotton market in Africa. Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, a bottling partner of Coca-Cola, also reported to Reuters that the conflict in Tigray, which makes up approximately 20% of its sales in Ethiopia, has led to a halt in business operations in the country. Additionally, the construction of two new bottling plants in Ethiopia has been delayed due to the pandemic and an increase in excise taxes. This is part of a $300 million five-year investment plan that was announced last year. With the capture of Mekelle in late November, Abiy announced his triumph over the TPLF, Tigray's former ruling party. Abiy's advisor Mamo stated that the rapid and resolute conclusion of the military operation should alleviate any remaining worries about political instability among investors. Despite this, the TPLF has promised to continue fighting. The Ethiopian government must be extremely cautious, as the country's external debt has increased significantly in the last ten years due to heavy borrowing, particularly from China, for infrastructure and industrial projects. Foreign direct investment inflows have been decreasing consistently since reaching a peak in 2016 of over $4 billion, falling to approximately $500 million in the first quarter of the current fiscal year. Inflation is currently at around 20%. "There are limited options to address this situation. The possibility of obtaining additional funds from the IMF is unlikely, and accessing the financial markets is not feasible." Menzi Ndhlovu, a senior country and political risk analyst at Signal Risk, an Africa-focused business consultancy, stated that the best hope for Ethiopia is a global economic recovery next year. Despite this, Ethiopia made significant progress by passing a groundbreaking investment law and implementing currency reforms. The government is also moving forward with plans to liberalize the telecommunications sector by inviting bids for two new telecoms licenses and selling a minority stake in state-owned Ethio Telecom. Sources familiar with the process noted that interested companies were not discouraged by the ongoing unrest, as this could provide a significant boost to the struggling economy. Ethiopia's ambitious plans for manufacturing have been hindered for the time being. DBL's Waseq, now back in Bangladesh, questioned who would be willing to invest in Ethiopia under the current circumstances. | 2 |
However, Aramco, the world's most profitable company, did not provide many specific details in its highly anticipated announcement, such as the number of shares to be sold, pricing, or the launch date. Bankers have estimated that investors may value the company at around $1.5 trillion, rather than the $2 trillion valuation previously suggested by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The company also did not address any security measures taken following the attacks on its oil plants in September. According to sources, Aramco could potentially offer 1%-2% of its shares on the local stock exchange, raising up to $20 billion-$40 billion. A deal surpassing $25 billion would exceed the record set by Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba in 2014. During a news conference at Aramco's headquarters in Dhahran, Chairman Yasir al-Rumayyan stated that today presents a great opportunity for new investors to benefit from Aramco's value and long-term growth potential. The company will spend the next 10 days gauging investor interest before determining the price range for the IPO. The IPO aims to support Prince Mohammed's economic reform agenda by raising funds to develop non-energy industries and diversify revenue streams. Rumayyan mentioned that a decision on an international listing for Aramco shares will be made in the future, with no specific timeline or location provided. Gary Ross, CEO of Black Gold Investors, noted that a partial sale of Aramco in a controlled market allows Saudi Arabia to maintain more control over the company's value. Confirmation of the sale of shares in Saudi Arabian Oil Co, also known as the oil giant, comes approximately seven weeks after the damaging attacks on its oil facilities. This highlights Saudi Arabia's determination to proceed with the listing despite the attacks. Amin H Nasser, the president and CEO of Saudi Aramco, made these statements during a news conference at the Plaza Conference Center in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia on November 3, 2019. Aramco has stated that it does not anticipate the September 14 attack, which initially cut its production in half, to have a significant impact on its business, operations, and financial condition. According to Aramco, the company was responsible for approximately one in every eight barrels of crude oil produced globally from 2016 to 2018. In the third quarter of 2019, Reuters calculations show that its net income was $21.1 billion, which was significantly higher than the income of oil giants like Exxon Mobil Corp, which was just over $3 billion. Rumayyan mentioned that the valuation will be determined after the investor roadshow. CEO Amin Nasser announced during the news conference that Aramco plans to release the prospectus on Nov. 9. Saudi Arabia is relying on easy credit for retail investors and substantial contributions from wealthy locals to help finalize the deal. Rory Fyfe, managing director at Mena Advisors, believes that despite strong pressure on domestic investors to participate, international investors will still undervalue the company compared to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's expectations. Attracting investors has caused the Saudi stock market to decline by 2% following the Aramco announcement. The benchmark index has dropped by almost 20% since May as local institutions have been selling shares to prepare for the Aramco deal, according to fund managers and analysts. Salah Shamma, head of investment, MENA, at Franklin Templeton Emerging Markets Equity, suggested that some local investors may be selling off other shares to shift investments to Aramco, with the belief that there may be short-term losses but long-term gains. In an effort to reassure investors, Aramco announced on Sunday that the state will waive its right to a portion of cash dividends on shares, giving priority to new shareholders. Additionally, Aramco is reducing the royalties it pays to the state. Starting January 1, 2020, a new royalty scheme will be implemented by the company, with rates increasing progressively based on the price of oil. The Saudi market regulator has approved the application for listing, and non-resident institutional foreign investors are exempt from certain subscription rules. Saudi investors may receive bonus shares, with a maximum of 100 bonus shares for every 10 allocated shares. Even at a valuation of $1.5 trillion, Aramco would still be significantly more valuable than Microsoft and Apple, the world's top listed companies. Despite this, a 1% sale would only raise around $15 billion for Saudi Arabia, making it the 11th largest IPO in history according to Refinitiv data. Hasnain Malik, head of equity strategy at Tellimer, believes there is a need for perspective on the Aramco IPO in the context of Saudi Arabia's overall diversification story. He points out that the proceeds from the Aramco IPO are likely to be less than the dividends the government received from Aramco in the first half of 2019. The listing of Aramco has been highly anticipated since it was first mentioned by Prince Mohammed in 2016, with 27 banks, including Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, JPMorgan, and Morgan Stanley, working on the deal. Despite initial hopes for a blockbuster international listing of about 5%, the share sale was halted last year due to debate over where to list Aramco overseas. Rumayyan, chairman of Aramco, believes that now is the right time for the company to go public. Aramco announced that the IPO schedule was pushed back due to its acquisition of a 70% stake in Saudi Basic Industries Corp. The IPO preparations were restarted this summer following a successful international bond sale, aimed at building relationships with potential investors. However, the planned listing announcement on October 20 was postponed as advisers needed more time to secure cornerstone investors. The oil and gas sector is facing challenges from the growing movement against climate change and the shift towards green technologies, leading some fund managers in Europe and the US to steer clear of these industries. Aramco's previously secretive finances were revealed in April during a bond sale, showing a net income of $111 billion, surpassing the combined net income of the top five oil majors. In response to pressure from climate activists, these companies have increased payouts to shareholders. Aramco announced its plans to distribute total regular cash dividends of at least $75 billion in 2020. With a valuation of $1.5 trillion, this would result in a dividend yield of 5%, which is lower than the dividend yield of over 6% offered by competitor Royal Dutch Shell, as per Refinitiv data. | 2 |
Classes were cancelled for Wednesday and Thursday in the Midwest, including Chicago, which has the nation's third-largest school system. Police warned of the increased risk of accidents on icy highways. Michigan announced that all state offices would also be closed through Thursday. The US Postal Service, known for delivering mail in all conditions, suspended deliveries in parts of the Dakotas through Ohio. At least twelve deaths related to extreme cold weather have been reported since Saturday in Michigan, Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. In Illinois, State Police officers rescued 21 people stranded in a charter bus that broke down in sub-zero temperatures along Interstate 55 near Auburn after the vehicle's diesel fuel froze in the engine. A 70-year-old man was discovered deceased on a residential street in Detroit, according to a spokesperson for the Detroit police. In the nearby community of Ecorse, a former city councilman in his 70s was also found dead while wearing sleepwear. Additionally, a University of Iowa student, identified as Gerald Belz, was found dead outside a building on campus early Wednesday, with the school attributing his death to the weather. In Chicago, the streets were deserted and few people were seen walking outside due to the extremely cold temperatures, which were around 18 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (minus 28 Celsius). Pasquale Cappellano, a 68-year-old waiter, expressed his dismay while waiting for a bus on Chicago's North Side, stating "It's terrible!" He mentioned the need to pick up his medication at Walgreens before leaving the house. Meanwhile, in Minneapolis where temperatures were as low as minus 14 F (minus 26 C), Brian Pierce ventured out to experience the extreme weather and observed cars struggling on slippery roads. He noted that the lack of grip on the roads made the driving experience unusual. "My teeth are in pain." TRAVELING EAST Wind-chill temperatures in some areas of the Northern Plains and Great Lakes dropped to as low as minus 42 F (minus 41 C) in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and to 31 degrees below zero F (minus 35 C) in Fargo, North Dakota, as reported by the National Weather Service (NWS). The freezing winds then moved towards the U.S. East Coast, causing temperatures to plummet. Over a thousand flights, nearly two-thirds of all scheduled, were canceled on Wednesday at Chicago O'Hare and Chicago Midway international airports, according to FlightAware. Amtrak also canceled all trains in and out of Chicago on Wednesday. Annie Carlson, at Morning Joy Farm in Mercer, North Dakota, reported that her horses and sheep were in good condition and could seek shelter in the barn if needed. Her chickens, ducks, and guinea hens were also comfortable in the 70-degree F (21 C) temperature inside their hoop house. Meteorologist Andrew Orrison from the NWS mentioned that International Falls, Minnesota, experienced some of the coldest wind chills at minus 55 F (minus 48 C). Even the South Pole in Antarctica experienced higher temperatures than usual, with an expected low of minus 24 F (minus 31 C) with wind chill. Temperatures in Chicago are expected to drop significantly on Wednesday night, potentially breaking the record low of minus 27 F (minus 33 C) on Jan. 21, 1985. Businesses, including banks and stores, closed due to the extreme cold. Waste Management Inc also cancelled trash pickups in counties across the Midwest on Wednesday and Thursday. The polar vortex, normally spinning around the stratosphere over the North Pole, was disrupted, causing the bitter cold weather. Officials in the Midwest have opened warming centres and police stations in Chicago are available for those seeking refuge from the cold. City buses have been deployed as mobile warming centres for homeless individuals, and the police are distributing hats, jackets, and blankets. The Chicago Police Department is encouraging people to seek shelter from the cold, but they will not force anyone to do so. Energy analysts predict that US homes and businesses will use record amounts of natural gas for heating on Wednesday. Xcel Energy requested that residents living to the north and northwest of the Twin Cities in Minnesota lower their thermostats to 60 F (16 C) due to strains on the natural gas supply system. The Michigan Agency for Energy announced that utility companies in the state had agreed not to disconnect gas or electric services for delinquent customers for the remainder of the week. (Source: New York Times News Service, 2019) | 2 |
When Harper Lee wrote "To Kill A Mockingbird," she could not have predicted its future success as a classic or its impact on her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. The novel has brought attention to the town, attracted tourists, and sparked discussions about the history of racial segregation in the south. "To Kill A Mockingbird" follows the lives of two children in a fictional southern town, whose father, a lawyer, defends a black man accused of assaulting a white woman. Even though the man is not guilty, he is found guilty by a jury composed entirely of white people. Some of the most impactful parts of the book occur when the children come to understand that their father was battling a losing battle. Released in 1960, it quickly became popular, winning the Pulitzer Prize and selling over 30 million copies. The film adaptation, featuring Gregory Peck, is considered a classic. However, the success of the book is only one aspect of its significance. American readers frequently mention it as the novel they like the most. In a survey, it was ranked second only to the Bible in terms of books that had a significant impact on readers. Library Journal named it the best novel of the 20th century. Every year, many tourists visit Monroeville to see places related to Harper Lee's life, the book, and the courthouse featured in the movie. They also attend a stage version of the novel. Act One occurs outdoors in the court grounds, while Act Two takes place indoors in the original oval-shaped courthouse where the story is set. This unique setting allows for the audience and actors to experience the drama as if they were actually in a real trial, with the judge, lawyers, and defendant in their respective positions. Black cast members are even segregated to the gallery, reflecting the era of segregation. The audience is captivated by witnessing injustice, while the volunteer actors have the opportunity to reflect on the message of the book through the annual productions. Robert Champion, a detective with the Monroeville police department who portrays Boo Radley in the novel, shared that the experience has taught him not to judge people. He believes one of the important lessons from the story is to be tolerant of others but intolerant of injustice. In order to prepare for his role, Champion spoke with individuals who were familiar with the real-life person who inspired Boo Radley. According to Jane Ellen Clark of the Monroeville County Heritage Museum, Harper Lee may have drawn inspiration from a true rape trial that occurred in Monroeville's old courtroom. In 1934, Walter Lett, a black man, was wrongly accused of raping a white woman and sentenced to death. Recently discovered records reveal that white citizens wrote anonymously to Alabama's governor to assert his innocence. Clark stated that Lett's sentence was changed to life in prison, and he passed away from tuberculosis in 1937 while serving time in a state prison. George Thomas Jones, a former businessman who is now a local history writer, attended school with Lee and remembered her as a tomboy similar to Scout, the narrator of the novel. Jones, now 81 years old, mentioned that he could comprehend why the all-white juries during that time would have delivered a guilty verdict in such cases. He explained that individuals were often labeled as 'nigger lovers,' and despite the circumstances, they would have faced social and economic exclusion. Jones stated that, despite injustices against blacks, relations between blacks and whites were somewhat better during the '20s and '30s, with mutual respect and a lack of racial problems. While Alabama saw major struggles during the civil rights movement, Monroeville quietly desegregated its public facilities, with school desegregation being the biggest change according to residents. Mary Tucker, who arrived in the town in 1954 and worked in schools for both black and integrated students, stated that the absence of protest did not indicate that black individuals were not resentful of segregation. She described the educational disparities between black and white schools as being separate but unequal. Despite the history of segregation and oppression, Tucker noted that there were always some individuals, like the character Atticus in Harper Lee's novel, who strived to be fair and do what was right. Lee, who is now 81 years old and splits her time between Monroeville, is rarely seen in public. Tucker described Nelle as modest and humble, mentioning that she can often be found in jeans while shopping at the grocery store. He added that she is quite shy. | 2 |
President Donald Trump recently put forward recommendations for reopening the economy, indicating that parts of the United States may soon return to normal. The administration's optimistic outlook contrasts with the views of medical experts and scientists. The future remains uncertain, with many questioning when we will be able to leave our homes. How long will it take before we have a treatment or vaccine for the virus? How can we prevent the virus from spreading? Some believe that American innovation could lead to advancements in easing the situation. The key to moving forward depends on various factors such as a gradual reopening plan, widespread testing and monitoring, an effective treatment, sufficient resources for healthcare workers, and ultimately a successful vaccine. Despite these efforts, there are still pessimistic predictions for the upcoming year. Most experts believe that the optimistic scenario presented by Trump in his daily press briefings, such as the imminent end of lockdowns and the availability of a protective pill, is unrealistic. Dr. Harvey V Fineberg, a former president of the National Academy of Medicine, predicted a bleak future with a unhappy population stuck indoors for months, and the possibility of the most vulnerable being quarantined for even longer. They expressed concerns about the potential difficulty in finding a vaccine, citizens growing tired of restrictions, and the virus becoming a permanent presence. Dr. William Schaffner, a preventive medicine specialist at Vanderbilt University medical school, remains hopeful that the virus will diminish in the summer and a vaccine will be developed soon. "I am becoming more cautious despite my natural optimism," experts thought that after the crisis ends, the nation and its economy will recover quickly but there will still be a difficult period ahead. The outcome of the pandemic will rely on future medical advancements and the actions of individual Americans. If we take measures to protect ourselves and our families, more people will survive. If we fail to recognize the seriousness of the virus, it will affect us. The number of deaths due to COVID-19 in the US may be higher than what is being reported by the White House. The virus has been causing more than 1,800 deaths in Americans daily since April 7, and the official count may not be accurate. In comparison, heart disease and cancer typically result in fewer daily deaths than COVID-19 currently does. The coronavirus curves have reached a plateau, with a decrease in hospital admissions in New York, the epicenter of the outbreak, and fewer COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. While the daily death toll remains high, it is no longer increasing. The epidemiological model used by the White House, created by the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, initially projected 100,000 to 240,000 deaths by midsummer. That estimate has now been revised to 60,000. The view of New York from Weehawken, NJ on April 16, 2020 is a positive sight, but it also brings to light some important issues. The projection by the institute only covers the first wave of the epidemic until August 4, and without a vaccine, the virus is expected to continue circulating for years, leading to an increase in the death toll over time. The progress made so far in combating the pandemic has been due to a nationwide shutdown, but this cannot be sustained indefinitely. The White House's plan for reopening in phases is expected to increase the death toll, even if implemented carefully. The goal is to minimize fatalities, but projections from experts show a grim outlook, with estimates of up to 1.7 million deaths if the virus is not contained. A study conducted by researchers at Imperial College London, mentioned by the president on March 30, projected 2.2 million deaths in the US by September under similar conditions. This number is significantly higher than the approximately 420,000 Americans who died in World War II. The data from China is also concerning, as their epidemic has currently been contained, with almost all individuals infected in the initial wave either recovering or passing away. China has reported around 83,000 cases and 4,632 deaths, resulting in a fatality rate of over 5%. The accuracy of fatality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic has been questioned by the Trump administration, as they have not provided more precise figures. Fatality rates are influenced by the degree to which hospitals are overwhelmed and the percentage of cases that are tested. In early January, China had an estimated death rate of 17% during the chaos in Wuhan, but by late February, it had dropped to 0.7%. Hospitals in cities like New York have been pushed to the brink of chaos. Both Wuhan and New York officials had to increase their death counts after realizing that many individuals had died at home from COVID-19, strokes, heart attacks, or other causes, or because ambulances did not arrive in time. In rapidly spreading epidemics, the number of victims who are hospitalized or pass away exceeds the capacity for testing by doctors. Simultaneously, those with mild symptoms or who are asymptomatic often do not get tested, leading to an inaccurate representation of the true fatality rate. Without knowing the extent of infection, it is impossible to determine the true lethality of a virus. The CDC has indicated that as many as 25% of those who test positive for COVID-19 may be silent carriers, but only widespread antibody testing will provide a clear picture. Icelandic researchers suggested the number could be twice as high. A health worker in Central Park, New York, is seen checking her personal protective gear in a mirror on April 16, 2020. The New York Times reported that China is also reevaluating its estimates. A previous study in February found that only 1% of cases in Wuhan were asymptomatic, but new research suggests that the actual number could be closer to 60%. Our lack of knowledge in epidemiology is significant enough to cause frustration for experts. Dr. Anthony S Fauci, science adviser to the White House coronavirus task force, acknowledges that models are constantly changing as new data is obtained. Despite this inconsistency, there is a possibility that the virus is evolving to cause milder symptoms. While movies often depict viruses becoming more deadly, in reality, they typically become less harmful as asymptomatic strains spread to more individuals. Even though the 1918 Spanish flu virus eventually transitioned into the seasonal H1N1 flu, the current situation of the virus is still uncertain in terms of its transmission and lethality. The presence of refrigerated trucks outside hospitals indicates that the virus is more severe than a typical flu season. The lockdowns will eventually come to an end, but it will be a gradual process. The exact percentage of Americans who have been infected remains unknown, with estimates ranging from 3% to 10%, suggesting that a significant portion of the population, possibly around 300 million people, are still susceptible to the virus. Epidemiologists agree that it is not safe for a large number of people to suddenly stop social distancing until a vaccine or other protective measure is available. Dr. Peter J Hotez warns against magical thinking that a vaccine will quickly become available. Tomas Pueyo correctly predicted the national lockdown and suggested a gradual reopening of essential parts of the economy. All epidemiological models anticipate a pattern similar to a dance, with the virus spreading rapidly when there are too many hosts, leading to lockdowns. This cycle of surges and declines in deaths is illustrated by curves that resemble shark teeth in the models. The models suggest that surges will occur even with strict measures in place, such as closing public venues and quarantining travelers, to prevent the spread of the virus from high-intensity areas to low-intensity areas. According to experts, stricter restrictions lead to fewer deaths and longer intervals between lockdowns. Many models predict that states will eventually implement widespread temperature checks, rapid testing, and contact tracing, practices common in Asia. Even Trump's "Opening Up America Again" guidelines include three levels of social distancing and advise vulnerable Americans to remain isolated. The plan supports testing, isolation, and contact tracing, but does not specify how these measures will be funded or how long it will take to implement them. However, on Friday, the president contradicted his own message by urging protesters in Michigan, Minnesota, and Virginia to oppose their states' shutdowns. China waited until there were no new cases for 14 consecutive days in cities like Wuhan and Nanjing before allowing them to reopen. In contrast, the US is still relatively unrestricted, with Americans able to travel domestically, drive freely, and gather in public spaces. Despite some restrictions in place, many individuals are still arranging gatherings and social events, leading to a high number of new daily infections in the country, reaching up to 30,000 cases. Schaffner emphasized the importance of people understanding that it is not safe to play poker while wearing bandannas. Despite implementing strict measures, Asian countries have faced challenges in controlling the virus. China, for example, reported around 100 new infections daily and subsequently closed all movie theatres. Singapore has shut down schools and nonessential workplaces, while South Korea and Japan are also facing difficulties with the outbreak, with Japan declaring a state of emergency. Dr. Thomas R Frieden's public health advocacy group Resolve to Save Lives has released strict criteria for reopening the economy, including 14 days of declining cases, tracing 90% of contacts, and more. Frieden emphasizes the need to gradually reopen to prevent a surge in cases and highlights the importance of working towards these goals. He also discusses the potential societal divide between those who have recovered from COVID-19 and have immunity and those who are still vulnerable. Dr David Nabarro, a special envoy on COVID-19 for the World Health Organisation, predicted that there will be a frightening divide in society. Those who have antibodies will have the ability to travel and work, while others will face discrimination. People with presumed immunity are currently in high demand, being asked to donate blood for antibodies and take on risky medical jobs without fear. The government will soon need to find a way to identify who is truly immune, possibly through a test for IgG antibodies, which are produced once immunity is established, according to Dr Daniel R Lucey, an expert on pandemics at Georgetown Law School. Numerous companies are currently working on developing these tests. Fauci mentioned that the White House was considering the implementation of certificates similar to those in Germany. In China, QR codes linked to personal details are used to prevent others from borrowing cellphones. The adult film industry in California introduced a similar concept ten years ago, where actors use a cellphone app to prove they have tested negative for HIV in the past 14 days, and producers can verify the information on a secure website. Experts predict that as Americans in lockdown see their immune neighbors returning to normal life, there may be a strong temptation to self-infect in order to join them and potentially regain lost jobs. Younger individuals, especially, may rationalize that the potential of contracting a severe illness is preferable to facing financial hardship and social isolation. Dr. Michele Barry, who heads the Centre for Innovation in Global Health at Stanford University, shared that her daughter, a Harvard economist, believes that COVID-19 parties are necessary for her age group to build immunity and sustain the economy. This approach has been seen before, as in the 1980s when Cuba effectively controlled its small AIDS outbreak by mandating isolation for those who tested positive, providing them with comfortable living conditions, medical care, and various activities. Dr. Jorge Pérez Ávila, a specialist in AIDS and often referred to as Cuba's version of Fauci, stated that many of Cuba's homeless youths became infected through risky behaviors such as sex or blood injections in order to gain access to resources. Before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, many of these individuals died. This serves as a cautionary tale for American youth, as even those who are slim and healthy have succumbed to COVID-19. It is important to allocate sufficient resources to control the virus effectively. According to experts, the coming two years will involve periods of progress and setbacks. The economy will continue to improve as more people with immunity return to work, but the threat of new lockdowns looms if cases spike. To prevent this, widespread testing is crucial. Dr. Fauci believes that the virus will indicate when it is safe to resume normal activities. He is implying that by implementing a national baseline of daily tests, any potential viral spread can be detected when the percentage of positive results increases. Monitoring rising fevers with Kinsa's smart thermometers may provide an early warning, according to Schaffner. However, there have been ongoing issues with diagnostic testing, despite promises from the White House. To effectively control the virus, experts believe that all sick individuals, even those with mild symptoms, should be isolated. In this country, patients who test positive are instructed to stay in their homes but avoid contact with their families. Television reports have shown recovering individuals like CNN's Chris Cuomo isolating in their basements while loved ones leave supplies at a distance. However, Cuomo's case highlighted the WHO's stance against home isolation when he announced that his wife had also contracted the virus. Dr. Bruce Aylward, who headed the WHO team in China, emphasized the importance of quickly isolating all cases as the top intervention. In China, individuals who tested positive for COVID-19, regardless of the severity of their symptoms, were mandated to go to a hospital set up in a gymnasium or community center with oxygen tanks and CT scanners. Nurses supervised their recovery, reducing the risk of transmission to their families and alleviating some patients' fears by providing a sense of community. Nurses also organized dance and exercise classes to uplift spirits and help patients maintain lung function and muscle tone. Despite these efforts, experts had differing opinions on the effectiveness of these wards. Fineberg and Marc Lipsitch have differing opinions on the idea of mandatory quarantine processes, with Lipsitch expressing concern about the government forcibly separating families. Testing all contacts of known cases is essential for controlling the spread of a virus, but the US is currently lacking in this regard. In China's Sichuan province, for instance, each known case had an average of 45 contacts. The CDC and state/local health departments have limited resources for contact tracing. China recruited and provided training for 9,000 individuals in Wuhan alone. Frieden has projected that the United States will require a minimum of 300,000 people. A vaccine is not expected to be available in the near future. Despite the initiation of limited human trials for three potential vaccines, with two in the US and one in China, Fauci has emphasized that developing a vaccine will take a minimum of 12 to 18 months. Experts in vaccine production have all concurred that even this timeframe is optimistic. Dr. Paul Offit, a vaccine expert at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, mentioned that the mumps vaccine holds the record for development time at four years. There is a sharp difference of opinion among researchers on how to expedite the process. The use of modern biotechnology techniques utilizing RNA or DNA platforms allows for quicker development of potential vaccines. However, clinical trials are time-consuming as the production of antibodies in the human body cannot be rushed. Additionally, some previous vaccine candidates for coronaviruses like SARS have caused "antibody-dependent enhancement," increasing susceptibility to infection rather than decreasing it, for reasons that are not clear. In the past, vaccines for HIV and dengue have shown similar unexpected results. Typically, a new vaccine is first tested on a small group of less than 100 healthy young individuals. If the vaccine proves to be safe and generates antibodies, it will then move on to a Phase 3 trial where thousands of volunteers, likely frontline workers at highest risk, will receive either the vaccine or a placebo. To expedite this process, challenge trials can be implemented. In these trials, a small number of volunteers are vaccinated, monitored for antibody development, and then intentionally exposed to the disease to determine if the vaccine is effective. Challenge trials are only used for diseases that are easily treatable, such as malaria or typhoid fever. Under normal circumstances, it is considered unethical to expose individuals to a disease without a cure, like COVID-19. However, some experts believe that in these unprecedented times, conducting challenge trials on a small number of individuals at high risk could be more ethical than putting millions at risk for an extended period. Lipsitch, who has advocated for challenge trials, argued that fewer people would be harmed in a challenge trial compared to a Phase 3 trial involving thousands of participants. Following the publication of his paper in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, Lipsitch received immediate interest from volunteers, while others expressed discomfort with the idea. Lucey expressed concerns about the ethics of challenge trials, but acknowledged their potential usefulness. Vaccinologists warned that challenge trials may not recruit enough volunteers to detect rare but dangerous issues like vaccine enhancement. Michael T Osterholm of the University of Minnesota cautioned that challenge trials may not provide information on safety and could pose significant risks. Virologist Dr. W Ian Lipkin proposed an alternative approach of testing multiple vaccine candidates in humans before conducting challenge trials in monkeys. Experts recommend starting to produce the winning vaccine immediately, while also expanding human testing to uncover any potential issues. Although testing a vaccine is challenging, experts say that producing hundreds of millions of doses is even more difficult. American vaccine plants typically produce only 5 to 10 million doses per year, mainly for the 4 million babies born and 4 million individuals who turn 65 annually. However, if a vaccine is developed, the US could require up to 300 million doses - or even 600 million if two doses are needed. Additionally, the same amount of syringes would be necessary. Douglas emphasized the importance of thinking on a large scale when it comes to producing vaccines. He noted that traditional flu vaccine plants that use chicken eggs are not ideal for modern vaccines that grow in cell broths. While European countries have their own vaccine plants, they may need to prioritize their own citizens. China has a significant vaccine industry and could potentially expand it in the near future, possibly even producing vaccines for the US, according to experts. However, customers who are captive must pay the seller's price, even though some Chinese companies may not have perfect safety and efficacy standards. India and Brazil also have large vaccine industries. If the virus spreads quickly through their densely populated areas, they may reach widespread herd immunity before the US. In this scenario, they could potentially have extra vaccine plant capacity. Another option, proposed by Arthur M Silverstein, a retired medical historian at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, is for the government to take control and repurpose existing liquor or beer plants, which have large fermentation vats. He stated that any distillery could potentially be transformed for this purpose. Experts believe that treatments will likely be developed before vaccines, with many expressing optimism about the effectiveness of convalescent serum. This method, which has been utilized for more than a hundred years, involves drawing blood from recovered individuals and filtering it to isolate the antibodies. The immunoglobulin containing antibodies is administered to patients. A challenge is the limited number of survivors available to donate blood. Previously, antibodies were obtained from horses and sheep, but this method was difficult to maintain sterility and could cause allergic reactions due to animal proteins. The current solution is the use of monoclonal antibodies. The treatment regimens that were close to ending the Ebola epidemic in eastern Congo are considered by experts to be the most likely short-term game changer. The most effective antibodies are selected and their genes are inserted into a harmless virus that will grow in a cell culture. However, like vaccines, the process of growing and purifying monoclonal antibodies is time-consuming. In theory, if enough antibodies are produced, they could not only save lives but also protect front-line workers. Antibodies can remain effective for weeks before deteriorating, although the duration of their effectiveness depends on various factors, and they are unable to eliminate viruses that are already hidden inside cells. A daily preventive pill would be a more efficient solution than vaccines or antibodies, as pills can be manufactured quickly in factories. However, even if such a pill was developed, production would need to be significantly increased to ensure widespread availability. Trump has frequently mentioned hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in his news conferences, but experts, including Fauci, emphasized the importance of waiting for clinical trial results before making any decisions. Some experts pointed to the tragic consequences of inadequate testing in the past, such as the thalidomide scandal in the 1950s which resulted in birth defects in thousands of children. Multiple studies on hydroxychloroquine have been stopped due to patients experiencing abnormal heart rhythms from high doses. Barry expressed skepticism about high doses being tolerable and potential vision issues from accumulation, but suggested exploring its potential as a preventative drug similar to PrEP for HIV. Other experts, like Dr. Luciana Borio, were more critical of President Trump's proposal to combine chloroquine with azithromycin, dismissing it as "total nonsense." "I informed my family that if I were to contract COVID-19, they should not administer this particular medication combination to me." Some doctors believe that chloroquine may be beneficial in protecting hospitalized pneumonia patients from potentially deadly cytokine storms by suppressing immune responses. However, this does not mean it is effective in preventing infections, as suggested by Trump, as it lacks antiviral properties. Several antiviral drugs, such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and baloxavir, are currently being tested against the coronavirus, with trials in China expected to yield results next month. However, these results may be limited due to a lack of patients available for testing. Trial end dates in the US have yet to be determined. The concept of 'America First' is being bid farewell as unprecedented societal changes have occurred, with widespread closures of schools and businesses, millions filing for unemployment, and delays in taxes and mortgage payments. Refrigerated trucks are even being used as mobile morgues in New York. Stimulus checks have started being distributed to help alleviate the crisis, turning much of America into a temporary welfare state. Food banks are being established in various locations throughout the country, resulting in long lines. In New York, refrigerated trucks are being utilized as mobile morgues on Randall's Island. The New York Times reported on April 15, 2020. The current public health crisis necessitates unprecedented international cooperation. Despite this, President Trump is working to defund the WHO, the only organization capable of effectively coordinating a response. Additionally, his actions have strained relations with China, which now boasts the world's strongest economy and may emerge as a key provider of medications and vaccines. China has taken advantage of the pandemic to increase its global influence by providing medical supplies to nearly 120 countries, including the US through Project Airbridge overseen by Jared Kushner. Experts suggest that in a world where "America First" is not a sustainable strategy, collaboration with China is necessary for effective public health efforts. Nicholas Mulder of Cornell University has compared Kushner's project to "Lend-Lease in reverse," referencing American military aid during World War II. Osterholm was more straightforward in his response, stating that if we upset the Chinese with our language, it could have negative consequences in the future. He raised the point that if China develops the first vaccine, they may have control over who they sell it to, and questioned if the US would be at the top of that list. After the pandemic is over, it is possible that the country's recovery will happen quickly. The economy recovered after previous world wars, but it may be more difficult to measure the psychological effects of the pandemic. Prolonged isolation and poverty resulting from the shutdown could lead to increased rates of domestic abuse, depression, and suicide, as well as potential changes in political viewpoints. At first, the virus primarily affected Democratic cities such as Seattle, New York, and Detroit. However, as it continues to spread across the country, no one will be spared from its impact. Even voters in Republican-leaning states who may not currently hold President Trump responsible for the country's lack of preparedness or limited access to health insurance could change their perspective if they witness loved ones succumbing to the virus. In a thought-provoking analysis in his subsequent article titled "Coronavirus: Out of Many, One," Pueyo examined Medicare and census data on age and obesity in states and counties that resisted shutdowns and supported Republicans in the 2016 election. According to his calculations, these voters may be 30% more likely to die from the virus. In the aftermath of both wars, Mulder observed that there was greater equality in society and incomes. Programs were established for veterans' and widows' pensions, leading to the creation of social safety nets. Measures such as the GI Bill and VA home loans were implemented, unions gained strength, and tax advantages for the wealthy declined. Experts believe that if a vaccine is developed to save lives, many Americans may become more trusting of traditional medicine and more open to scientific advancements, including accepting the reality of climate change. The clear skies seen above American cities during the lockdown period might even become a permanent feature. | 2 |
A woman named Amanda Otero approached Hoch, asking if she intended to support a ballot measure replacing the Minneapolis Police Department with a Department of Public Safety. Hoch firmly responded that she would not vote in favor of it. Despite this, she was open to chatting and they ended up talking for almost 20 minutes. Hoch expressed her belief that the proposed change was setting up something positive for failure. “She felt that it lacked depth,” Otero commented, expressing her dissatisfaction with the matter. She also had negative feedback about law enforcement due to mistreatment experienced by people she knew. Otero felt that they held similar beliefs. Hoch responded with a sigh, indicating that something was hindering actual progress. Otero, the deputy director of TakeAction Minnesota, both spoke and listened during the conversation. Finally, she inquired about where Hoch would place herself on a scale of 1 to 10 in terms of support for the ballot measure, with 10 being completely in favor. Initially, Hoch had rated herself as a three, but now she identified as a five. This exemplified deep canvassing, a method that aims to persuade voters by engaging in discussions about their personal experiences and emotions rather than relying on scripted talking points or informational pamphlets. The ultimate objective is not only to garner support for a specific policy in the short term, but also to bring about lasting changes in voters' perspectives, beyond just one election or issue. In Minneapolis, the goal is not only to build support for the charter amendment to change the police department, but also to encourage voters to reconsider the role of law enforcement in the country and in the city where Derek Chauvin, a former police officer, was convicted of murdering George Floyd, a Black man whose death sparked a movement for racial justice. Deep canvassing, which involves exchanging stories and developing empathy for differing viewpoints, is seen as a slower, more thoughtful approach to activism in a time of quick communication methods like texting and social media posts. While traditional canvassing aims to briefly engage voters, deep canvassing seeks to reach those who may need their minds changed in order to support a particular policy or candidate, rather than just preaching to those who already agree. Canvassers are given instructions before dividing into groups and going out to engage with residents regarding a Minneapolis ballot measure on Oct 10, 2021. The goal of deep canvassing for organizers is to engage in longer conversations with voters and focus on persuading those who may need convincing. This approach is seen as a crucial experiment for those looking to expand deep canvassing efforts nationwide, with the hope of training numerous individuals to engage in conversations with those who hold differing opinions in order to not only sway opinions on policies but also to help rebuild trust in democracy among voters. Organizers use deep canvassing to engage in longer conversations with voters, particularly those who may need to be persuaded. The New Conversation Initiative, led by Steve Deline, focuses on topics such as climate, immigration, and jail reform, allowing people to express their feelings and experiences in a non-judgmental way. Advocates believe that deep canvassing can effectively convince individuals who are hesitant to support progressive changes on issues like immigration, transgender rights, and policing in today's polarized society. These conversations, which can last up to half an hour, often leave both the canvasser and the voter feeling more open and connected. George Goehl, director of People's Action, emphasizes the power of progressives to introduce important ideas into the national dialogue. In order to successfully achieve your goals, it is necessary to engage in conversations with individuals who have differing viewpoints. The process is both time-consuming and costly, as training canvassers is a lengthy task. The majority of voters do not answer their doors, especially those who strongly disagree and are reluctant to speak with strangers. Despite these challenges, a group in Minneapolis has managed to reach 2,400 voters through door-to-door visits and phone calls, proving the effectiveness of this method of persuasion. Gay-rights advocates in California pioneered deep canvassing in 2009 after a state ballot measure banned same-sex marriage. Three years later, advocates in Minnesota used deep canvassing to defeat a similar measure. The tactic has mainly been used by left-wing activists. A 2016 study by University of California, Berkeley and Yale researchers showed that deep canvassing in Miami and Los Angeles changed the attitudes of some voters on transgender rights by prompting them to reflect on their own experiences. Canvassers with Take Action Minnesota are preparing to discuss a Minneapolis ballot measure on October 10, 2021. Take Action Minnesota has implemented deep canvassing as a strategy to connect with voters while conducting door-to-door outreach. The group utilized deep canvassing over the phone to appeal to rural white voters in swing states during the 2020 election, finding it to be more effective in persuading voters than traditional canvassing methods. In Minneapolis, supporters of a charter amendment focusing on police reform have also employed deep canvassing to engage voters in discussions about racism and law enforcement reform. Changing people's perspectives on race requires genuine human interactions where individuals listen to understand rather than just to agree. There are no quick solutions or easy fixes to this issue. Despite lengthy discussions on police-related topics, racism was not addressed in training sessions or conversations with voters. Most canvassers and voters were white, and some white voters indicated they would be more inclined to support a measure if they knew it had the backing of Black voters. It was only when Otero was leaving the home of Hoch, the librarian, that Otero noticed a Black Lives Matter sign in the front window. Maybe she had not noticed an opportunity before, but then she was pleasantly surprised when a woman from the house next door beckoned her over. The woman also had a Black Lives Matter sign displayed on her porch, along with a sign that said "love" in various languages. Mary Scavotto introduced herself and mentioned that it was her birthday. Otero declined a piece of cake politely and began discussing her script. Scavotto was aware of the charter amendment. She expressed concerns about the idea of completely changing everything without a plan. Scavotto, who has lived on the block for almost two decades, stated that she would leave Minneapolis if the measure was approved. She referenced a gas station that had burned down the previous summer. She remembered how she and her neighbors made sure to remove any items from their porch that could be used to harm their homes. "We were prepared to leave at a moment's notice, with our bags packed and gas in the tank," she explained. Reflecting on the current situation, she remarked, "We have witnessed the consequences of fewer police officers. I no longer feel comfortable letting my children go out after dark." Otero agreed, mentioning that despite increased police funding, people still did not feel safer. She also shared her concerns about her younger brother's mental health struggles and her mixed feelings towards law enforcement. Otero, a Latina woman, expressed her dilemma about whether she wants the police to catch her brother to get him help, but is concerned about him having a criminal record. She also shared her fear regarding her immigrant husband driving in Minneapolis. Scavotto, a white woman, listened attentively and acknowledged the lack of safety people of color feel with the police, emphasizing the need for reform. Otero expressed hope that more conversations like theirs could bring about clarity on these issues. She asked what it would take for people in Minneapolis to come together across age, race, class, and life experience after a year of trauma. Scavotto replied that it was a difficult question, jokingly mentioning her struggles getting along with her siblings. Reflecting on their conversation later, Scavotto said it had stayed with her and noted Otero's attentive listening. She committed to attending local forums to learn more about the charter amendment. She stated that she was not ready to change her vote at the moment, but expressed that she was becoming more open to the idea. | 2 |
According to a new study, some US bloggers are using the popular fantasy drama watched by almost 20 million people to raise awareness about climate change. Manjana Milkoreit, a research fellow at Arizona State University, states that these bloggers, including scientists and science communicators, are using "Game of Thrones" to spark public discussions about the dangers of global warming. The HBO show is part of a growing genre of TV shows, films, and novels that address climate change, known as "cli-fi." Milkoreit believes that by using the show as a tool, bloggers can make the topic of climate change more engaging and show that there are solutions to this global issue. While concerns about climate in the fictional world of Westeros may seem insignificant to some, they have sparked lively online debates in the United States about the impacts of global warming. Milkoreit, a sustainability fellow, discovered six climate-focused blogs related to "Game of Thrones" in 2013, which increased to eight blogs the following year. She anticipates that the fifth season of the show, currently airing, will lead to further discussions. These blogs draw comparisons between how the people of Westeros react to the impending threat of winter and how the real world responds to climate change, providing a helpful way to understand the complexities of climate change and politics. Is it all just fantasy, or are these fears well-founded? Some bloggers suggest that the White Walkers in "Game of Thrones," a mythical race with magical ice powers, symbolize the threat of climate change, while others see the Night's Watch, a military order guarding a giant ice wall, as representing scientists warning about impending problems. These connections to climate change in the show may not be as obvious as in movies like "The Day After Tomorrow" and "Snowpiercer," which focus more directly on the issue. Scholars have differing opinions on how well such films convey the problem and encourage action from audiences. Elizabeth Trobaugh, a professor at Holyoke Community College in Massachusetts, believes that climate change-themed films help raise awareness. "Some people view these climate fiction films as just action movies, but for others, they serve as a way to increase awareness and interest in climate issues," she explained. However, Ted Howell, who teaches a climate fiction class at Temple University in Philadelphia, believes that movie-goers might have misconceptions about the reality of climate change. He stated, "There are individuals who believe climate change will manifest as dramatic natural disasters like massive tidal waves or giant snowstorms, when in reality, it progresses more gradually." Milkoreit emphasized the challenge of striking a balance between an engaging plot and scientific accuracy, but she believes that it is important to try to inspire effective action on climate change. She added, "We need to find ways to involve people in the topic that are enjoyable and keep them interested." | 2 |
The first Thanksgiving festival took place in 1621 in Massachusetts, celebrated by Pilgrims as a way to give thanks for a successful harvest. As we gather around our Thanksgiving tables this year, many of us immigrants or descendants of immigrants, we are reminded of the pressing need for President-elect Obama to address the flaws in our current immigration policy. Instead of a logical system, we see sporadic immigration raids and deportations that can tear families apart. The most contentious issue is how to handle the approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants. Many immigrants are not likely to go back to their home countries, even in the current challenging economic situation. We wouldn't want them to leave either, as they fill important roles in both high-skill fields like scientific research, and low-skill jobs like gardening and car washing. In 2007, President Bush's immigration proposals were not approved by Congress, despite support from both Democrats and Republicans. Will Obama be able to achieve what Bush could not? Obama's proposal is very similar to the failed bill, including increased border protection, more visas for new immigrants, penalties for employers who hire undocumented workers, and eventual citizenship for undocumented workers already in the country after paying a fine. This proposal would be a significant improvement. However, if Congress does not pass immigration reform due to rising unemployment, narrower action could still benefit American labor markets. The Department of Labor could be given the authority to determine the number of work permits and temporary visas issued each quarter without Congress's approval. The Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) follows the law by granting 65,000 H-1b temporary visas to skilled workers. These individuals are chosen by the Labor Department from around 630,000 applications submitted by employers. Those holding H-1b visas are required to leave the United States once their employment ends. However, the majority of applicants do not receive a visa, leaving many skilled foreign college graduates who have studied in the US without access to American jobs, despite their education often being funded by American taxpayers. Foreign workers must depart, bringing along their intellectual accomplishments and valuable expertise. They contribute to the American economy by paying taxes and sustaining various industries such as laboratories, hotels, high-tech exhibitions, and construction projects. If they are forced to leave, these contributions will cease. In 2009, the H-1b visa cap of 65,000 was reached within a week of the application process starting on April 1, 2008. This number is a very small fraction of the total U.S. labor force, which is 154 million. Even if the cap was increased to 150,000, it would still be less than one tenth of 1% of the labor force. This limited quota means that the majority of potential applicants do not even apply due to the low probability of success. While Congress is not well-equipped to constantly change laws based on economic fluctuations, the Labor Department has the necessary expertise to assess changing labor markets and the flexibility to adjust visa quotas. Congress should think about giving the Labor Department the authority to determine the number of visas to issue on a quarterly basis. If unemployment increases, the Department would issue fewer visas, and if it decreases, more visas could be granted. This system would allow the Department to manage visas without negatively impacting American workers or community resources like schools and hospitals. Allowing the Labor Department to make quarterly adjustments to legal immigration would benefit the country. President-elect Obama could use this opportunity to move past the contentious immigration issues that have been a problem during the Bush administration, and set a positive tone for the upcoming year. Diana Furchtgott-Roth, who previously served as the chief economist at the U.S. Department of Labor and is now a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, believes that having something to be grateful for next Thanksgiving would be significant. Her contact information is [email protected]. | 2 |
The virus has caused numerous deaths and overwhelmed hospitals, forcing them to become triage wards. People now prepare for grocery shopping as if they are entering a battlefield, wearing masks and gloves. In Europe, which has faced terrorism in the past, the current pandemic is reminiscent of those experiences, but it is more terrifying because the virus is unseen, widespread, and its end is uncertain. Unlike terrorism, this crisis is caused by nature, not by humans or ideology. The response to terrorism is noticeably different from the response to the new coronavirus lockdown. People tend to run away in fear from a terrorist attack but then come together in solidarity. However, when the lockdown is lifted, people will emerge cautiously, resembling moles coming out of their burrows. According to Peter R Neumann, a professor at King's College London, people fear terrorism more than other causes of death such as car accidents or falling in the bathtub because it is something they cannot control. Neumann explained that while terrorism involves killing people, its main goal is to manipulate our thoughts and interests. The coronavirus, on the other hand, is even more frightening because it cannot be controlled or stopped by typical methods used against human enemies. The virus is unknown and unpredictable, causing fear among people for good reason as it has already claimed more lives than the 9/11 attacks and is expected to kill even more. Expert Thomas Hegghammer noted that people usually fear man-made threats more than natural disasters, but the coronavirus is an exception to this trend. "It extends beyond terrorism and has a broader impact on society," stated Julianne Smith, a former security adviser to Joe Biden and current member of the German Marshall Fund. "The feeling of helplessness is similar, as you never know when terrorism or a pandemic will strike, invading your personal life. Just like terrorism makes you fear being in large gatherings, so does the virus - crowds are seen as dangerous." Joshua A Geltzer, former senior director for counterterrorism on the National Security Council and now a law professor at Georgetown, explained that the randomness of terrorism is what makes it so terrifying, and the virus behaves in a similar unpredictable manner. "It has the ability to make individuals consider, 'It could happen to me.' However, defeating the virus necessitates a shift in mindset, according to Geltzer. He explained, "When you see a bomb at the Boston Marathon, you may hesitate about attending next year; the impact is quite direct. But combating the virus requires a further step — thinking collectively to prevent spreading the virus and overwhelming the healthcare system, thus not burdening others. This calls for a different kind of solidarity." Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, President George W. Bush encouraged Americans to continue with their daily lives, including flying on airplanes, traveling, and working. Similarly, after the Charlie Hebdo and Bataclan attacks in 2015, President François Hollande of France did the same, leading marches and public demonstrations of resilience and defiance." In light of the virus, many societies were not prepared, so resilience now means staying at home instead of traveling. It is challenging for governments that used to promote calmness during times of terrorism to now instill fear in order to encourage collective action. This enemy requires people to stay still rather than mobilize. While security responses to terrorism are often met with patriotic and emotional reactions, measures like staying at home or producing protective gear lack the same appeal. Chanting 'USA! USA!' in support of home schooling is not common. Governments will find it challenging to adapt their security systems to address non-traditional threats that cannot be resolved through increased military spending and surveillance. Analysts working on less conventional threats such as health and climate were previously considered less important, but this perception is changing. There is a shift towards focusing on health security and hiring virologists within intelligence agencies. The concept of security is evolving, and new threats such as economic collapse, debt, and social unrest will continue to emerge. The impact of the low oil prices on Arab and Persian Gulf countries is a cause for concern, as they struggle to pay salaries and deal with subsidies. The Islamic State group has even advised against traveling to areas affected by the epidemic, providing some relief. In Norway, the response to the terrorist attacks in 2011 was characterized by collective solidarity and a sense of communal work, known as "dugnad." This spirit of unity is being seen again in response to the virus, with the young helping the elderly and government and opposition working closely together. The virus and the attacks by Breivik are being directly linked in the current debate in Norway. However, the criticism is being done in a thorough manner to highlight the government's lack of preparedness in both past and present situations to handle a major threat. People are questioning how the government can be so unprepared when they have already experienced similar crises before. In the aftermath of such events, like the case of Breivik in Norway, there will likely be a commission of inquiry to investigate the government's failures and determine steps for the future. In contrast to mostly homogeneous Norway, the United States is deeply divided, making it harder to unite in times of crisis. The slow and varied impact of the current crisis is further exacerbating the existing political polarization in the US, potentially leading to a similar effect as the plague did in Athens during the Peloponnesian War. This could result in a rise of more reckless politicians and a disregard for religion and law. Ultimately, she stated that the White House's delayed response undermines the current political leadership and societal practices. If the political repercussions are significant, she suggested that it could result in the decline of the imperial presidency and a resurgence of federal and congressional engagement as intended by the Founding Fathers. While the virus may create political divisions, Schake emphasized that it also serves as a reminder that free societies flourish when individuals adhere to civic responsibilities. | 2 |
There is a concern that focusing on technological advancements may distract us from addressing a more fundamental issue: reducing our reliance on cars. Over the years, the United States has prioritized automobiles in transportation planning, leading to negative consequences such as air pollution, traffic congestion, and urban sprawl. Simply switching to different types of cars may not be enough to solve these problems; we may need to rethink our dependence on cars altogether. Peter Norton, a history professor at the University of Virginia, has highlighted the history of failed promises from car manufacturers and tech companies about inventions that could alleviate our reliance on cars. Technologies such as radio waves, divided highway engineering, transistors, and repurposed technology from targeted bombs were all proposed as ways to create an automobile utopia after World War II. According to Norton, these technologies aimed to allow anyone to drive anywhere, anytime, park for free, and eliminate crashes. However, these ideas were never fully realized, and Norton is skeptical that driverless cars will be any different. He believes the success of such technology relies on the assumption that high tech is always superior, which he disagrees with. This sentiment is shared by many, including driverless-car optimists who now acknowledge that widespread adoption of the technology is still many years away. Our health and the planet's health would greatly benefit from transitioning to electric cars, a key topic at the global climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland. Removing error-prone drivers could also enhance road safety. However, solely improving cars is not a complete solution. Encouraging the use of electric vehicles may lead to a continued reliance on cars, as noted by my New York Times Opinion colleague Farhad Manjoo. Driverless cars could potentially lead to an increase in the number of miles driven, exacerbating issues with traffic and urban sprawl. While Uber and similar services initially claimed to reduce congestion and decrease overall driving distances, they had the opposite effect. Moving forward, the focus should be on developing safer and more energy-efficient vehicles. However, it is also important to invest in promoting more affordable and appealing options such as walking, cycling, and shared transportation. Norton is discussing a concept that may seem like a fantasy created by Greta Thunberg. The car provides a significant level of convenience but transitioning away from reliance on it will be challenging, expensive, and controversial. However, there are valid reasons to make this transition as the current transportation system is hazardous, environmentally damaging, and consumes a large amount of public space and government funding. The car-centric infrastructure in the U.S. has been developed over many years. It was a decision, sometimes controversial, that we could now choose a different direction. Norton proposed considering what could happen if some of the excessive money being used for driverless cars was instead invested in simpler products and policy adjustments. He suggested altering zoning regulations to allow more housing to be built in close proximity to stores, schools, and offices to reduce the need for constant driving. Norton also pointed out that bicycles and electric railways, which do not rely on batteries, are technological wonders that can have a greater positive impact than driverless car technology. Speaking with Norton made me reflect on the pros and cons of innovation. We understand that technology enhances our lives, yet we acknowledge that placing too much faith in technology can prevent us from addressing the underlying issues causing our problems. © 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Biden's proposal for a "Billionaire Minimum Income Tax" would impose a 20% minimum tax rate on households with a net worth exceeding $100 million. The plan, outlined in a White House fact sheet released on Saturday, primarily targets the country's more than 700 billionaires. Under this plan, these households would be required to pay a minimum tax of 20% on all of their income, including unrealized investment income that is currently untaxed. The fact sheet estimates that this tax would reduce the budget deficit by approximately $360 billion over the next ten years. A similar proposal, known as the billionaires tax, was previously introduced by Senate Democrats to help fund Biden's "Build Back Better" social and climate-change plan, but it failed to advance due to lack of support in the Senate. | 2 |
More than 1,000 residents sought shelter in Tinabanan Cave, climbing 32 feet of slippery soil and limestone to escape the super-typhoon that struck on November 8, which killed over 6,000 people and displaced about 4 million. Lorna dela Pena, 66, was alone during the storm but managed to evacuate despite feeling disoriented. She recalled how everything was destroyed by the storm, but she made it to safety in the cave. She mentioned that stairs were finally added to the cave after the Haiyan disaster, fulfilling her grandfather's dream. While providing hot porridge to evacuees, dela Pena realized the significance of local organizations in assisting communities in becoming more resilient to harsher weather conditions caused by global warming. She emphasized the importance of unity in helping others, stating that what one person cannot achieve alone becomes possible when everyone comes together. Inspired by this, she collaborated with others in Marabut to establish women's groups that address various issues. These groups now lead in organizing workshops on organic farming, conducting discussions on violence against women, and promoting the adoption of renewable energy among women in the community. Azucena Bagunas, 47, and dela Pena are part of a group of individuals known as "solar scholars" who received training from the Philippines-based Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC), an international nonprofit organization focused on promoting low-carbon development and climate resilience. Following Typhoon Haiyan, the women learned how to operate portable solar-powered generators called TekPaks in order to better prepare for disasters. These TekPaks are used during evacuations and have proven to be life-saving technology. They illuminate dark areas like the Tinabanan cave, making it easier to count the number of people seeking shelter there, and also charge mobile devices to maintain communication lines. Bagunas recalled a time when the TekPak was used to power a nebuliser during an asthma attack, ultimately saving a life. Bagunas and dela Pena are educating other women on how to operate TekPaks and informing them about the advantages of renewable energy. In Marabut, women now make sure their solar-powered equipment is charged before a storm hits so they can evacuate their communities safely. Bagunas noted that using solar energy is more cost-effective than depending on coal-fired electricity from the grid. She emphasized that by utilizing solar power as the primary source of energy in homes, there would be no need to pay for electricity, as long as there is a solar panel available for affordable and dependable power. Bagunas also favors solar power as a safer alternative. In June, her brother's house next to hers caught fire due to a live electricity wire hitting his roof, causing some parts of her own house to catch fire as well. According to Department of Energy data from 2020, the Philippines still relies on coal and oil for about 60% of its energy, with only 34% coming from renewable sources. However, the government plans to transition to a larger share of renewable energy, such as solar, with a goal of half of power generation coming from renewable sources by 2040. Chuck Baclagon, Asia regional campaigner for 350.org, a group supporting grassroots climate action, believes that efforts by the ICSC to bring solar power to communities will help increase clean energy at the local level. Today's current centralised power system, which relies on fossil fuels, does not effectively address energy poverty in remote island areas that are far from commercial centres, according to a statement. The transition to solar energy challenges the belief that transitioning is unaffordable, as fossil fuels are expensive due to their market volatility from being imported. Renewable energy sources like solar are easier to implement locally as they utilize resources readily available in specific locations with high potential, the statement continued. Leah Payud, resilience portfolio manager at Oxfam Philippines, expressed support for initiatives introducing solar energy in impoverished rural communities, particularly to assist women and children who are especially vulnerable to climate change. She mentioned that women's unpaid care work and domestic work doubles during disasters, and their burden is increased by the need to find an energy source to carry out these tasks. Women lack access to a clean kitchen and electricity, which makes cooking meals, breastfeeding, and sanitizing equipment more difficult. She stated that women should be involved in expanding the adoption of clean, cheap, and easily available energy because they are the main users and producers of energy. Without their involvement, renewable energy initiatives may not be suitable. She emphasized that gender justice is essential for climate justice. One effective method of introducing women to renewable energy is by having them create a 24-hour clock of their household chores and identifying the energy sources they use for each task, according to Payud. By consulting with Oxfam staff on switching energy sources, women can potentially reduce their workload, making the concept more relatable. This exercise has shown that many women spend over 13 hours a day on unpaid family care work, which has only increased during the COVID-19 pandemic with the added responsibility of home-schooling. In energy-deprived areas like Suluan Island, women are responsible for collecting water and are put at risk when they have to venture out after dark. Solar lights have proven to be a more reliable alternative to oil lamps, as they do not require women to travel across the sea to purchase fuel. Payud stated that solar energy is the most effective energy source in times of disaster, especially when the main power supply is disrupted and travel between islands is not possible. She mentioned that after Haiyan, it took six months to restore grid power in remote communities, a situation that could have been avoided if women had access to alternative energy like solar. According to dela Pena and Bagunas, women should take the lead in addressing climate change and energy poverty because they are the ones who typically handle family crises first. | 2 |
Britain has not yet determined how much energy it plans to obtain from renewable sources such as wind and sun by 2020. Industry experts are concerned that the lack of ambition may hinder progress. European Union leaders agreed to a mandatory target in March for 20% of energy to come from renewable sources by 2020, but did not allocate specific targets to each member state. Tough discussions are expected before a decision in January, and the renewable energy industry in Britain is worried about the country's low targets. The Renewable Energy Association in Britain expressed concerns about the negative attitude towards renewables in the UK. Renewable energy is better for the environment but is more costly than traditional fossil fuels, therefore requiring support in research, development, and installation to encourage investment and reduce costs. Greene referred to EU data that indicated Britain obtained 1.8 percent of its energy from renewable sources in 2005, while the EU-27 average was 6.7 percent. The UK government confirmed its commitment to the EU 20 percent target but stated that they are still in the process of determining how to achieve it. Despite announcing that current policies would allow for 5 percent renewable energy by 2020, Britain acknowledged the EU target as ambitious. Leaked documents revealed that the government estimates it would cost up to 4.4 billion pounds annually by 2020 to double the renewable energy share to 10 percent. The documents indicated that Britain preferred a flexible approach to reaching targets, such as utilizing a method similar to carbon offsetting where you pay another party to install renewable energy on your behalf. EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs recently expressed support for a trading approach where wealthier EU countries invest in renewable energy in less affluent member states. This proposal received a varied response from renewable energy companies. | 2 |
Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi is shifting her focus from being a symbol of freedom opposing Myanmar's dictatorship to becoming a leader of a new quasi-democracy. This transition has been challenging, as evidenced by a question from a Kachin student in London about her reluctance to denounce a violent military campaign against Kachin rebels. The conflict has resulted in the displacement of around 75,000 individuals. Suu Kyi responded by remaining impartial, stating that she wants a clearer understanding of the situation before passing judgment on either party. The Kachin community was extremely angry. The Kachinland News website labeled her response as offensive. Kachin demonstrators assembled outside her upcoming London appearance. A "open letter" from 23 Kachin organizations globally accused Suu Kyi of supporting state-approved violence. The fact that a woman with such widespread admiration could provoke such animosity may have been unimaginable just a few months ago. A decisive win in a by-election led Suu Kyi and 42 other members of her party into Myanmar's parliament, but she now faces criticism despite her influential role as a lawmaker. Though once revered for her opposition to the previous regime, some accuse her of not addressing human rights abuses in the country's border areas. Economists are concerned that her negative assessments of Myanmar's business environment could deter foreign investors. Political experts believe that her party lacks substantial policies beyond those of its well-known leader. Additionally, she faces internal discord within the democracy movement she co-founded. Critics from around the world have criticized her unclear stance on the pressing issue of the Rohingya Muslims, who are stateless and facing violence in western Myanmar, resulting in numerous deaths and displacements. Rejected by both Myanmar and nearby Bangladesh, where 300,000 refugees reside, numerous Rohingya people reside in dreadful living conditions in Rakhine State. The United Nations has labeled this Muslim minority as "virtually friendless" in a country dominated by Buddhists. The outbreak of violence occurred in June, just days before Suu Kyi's first visit to Europe in over two decades. During her visit to Norway to receive the Nobel Peace Prize she won in 1991 while under house arrest, a journalist asked Suu Kyi, "Are the Rohingya considered citizens of your country or not?" Suu Kyi's response, "I do not know," frustrated both the Rohingya seeking citizenship in Myanmar and the locals in Rakhine who see them as intruders. This answer differed from the clear moral stance she took in her Nobel speech, where she discussed the struggles of displaced people. Suu Kyi's previous moral clarity isolated the former junta internationally, but her current position as a political leader requires a more ambiguous approach. She needs to maintain her popularity among the majority of Burmans and Buddhists, while also keeping good relations with ethnic minorities and people of other religions. She must also work with the powerful military, which is widely disliked in Myanmar. Her political skills have been evident to observers in Myanmar since 1988, when she came back to the country after living abroad. Despite facing harsh treatment from the military, she became the leader of the democracy movement and continued to inspire others even during her many years in prison or under house arrest. During a lecture at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge, Massachusetts on September 27, she expressed her aversion to being labeled as an icon, preferring to see herself as a politician. Despite being freed from house arrest in November 2010, Suu Kyi declined numerous interview requests from Reuters for this article. Myanmar's reforms have picked up pace following her release, leading to the installation of a quasi-civilian government after an election orchestrated by the military. This year, Myanmar has released political prisoners, relaxed restrictions on the media, and begun addressing economic problems. The transition from authoritarianism in Myanmar is often likened to the Arab Spring, but instead of violent protests, it was initiated by former military leaders like President Thein Sein. A crucial moment in the reform process was a meeting between Aung San Suu Kyi and Thein Sein in Naypyitaw in August 2011, which marked the beginning of Suu Kyi's constructive relationship with the government controlled by former military officials. She described him as "genuine" in his efforts to reform Myanmar, which led to US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's visit to Naypyitaw and the lifting of most Western sanctions. Having a reputation for being unwavering in principle can be a hindrance in politics, where compromise is often necessary. Even Myanmar's "human rights superstar," as Amnesty International calls her, cannot meet all expectations generated by adulation. Suu Kyi understands that criticism and attacks are common in politics. Being admired and put on a pedestal can also come with risks, which are even less desirable. Fourteen years ago, she wrote those words. Nowadays, she frequently goes to her parliamentary district of Kawhmu, a region that grows rice and is poor, close to the major city Yangon. Recently, as she rode in an SUV along Kawhmu's bumpy roads, residents came out of their homes to cheer for her, calling her "Mother Suu." The issues faced in Kawhmu - such as debt, no access to electricity, and unemployment - are a microcosm of the challenges seen throughout Myanmar. "Some villages in this area are lacking young residents," explains Aung Lwin Oo, a 45-year-old carpenter who is also a member of the National League for Democracy. "Most of them have migrated to Thailand and Malaysia for employment opportunities." Despite the lack of glamour, Suu Kyi's initial visit was to a Buddhist monastery where she engaged in prayer with the monks and addressed a financial disagreement between representatives of two villages. Following this, she joined NLD members for lunch at the party's Kawhmu headquarters, a simple tin-roofed wooden bungalow, and held discussions with local authorities regarding drainage concerns. Her new job may not be glamorous, but those close to her say she takes great pleasure in it. Win Tin, an elder of the NLD and a trusted friend, expressed that "she really enjoys being involved in politics to the fullest." Additionally, she is adjusting well to living in Naypyitaw, the secluded new capital constructed by the military regime, where she resides in a home surrounded by a fence topped with razor wire. The Lower House of parliament is filled with colorful attire worn by ethnic representatives, creating a lively and celebratory atmosphere. Sitting beside Suu Kyi is a Member of Parliament from Chin State who is dressed in a head-dress made of boar's teeth and hornbill feathers. On the other side of the chamber, men in green uniforms are predominant. The constitution of Myanmar, which was approved after a fraudulent referendum in 2008, sets aside a quarter of parliamentary seats for military personnel selected by armed forces chief Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, a protege of the retired dictator, Than Shwe. Suu Kyi's mere presence in parliament gives legitimacy to a political system established by the junta that once imprisoned her. Her party has made significant changes in its long-held beliefs to reach this point. The NLD refused to participate in the constitution-drafting process and the 2010 election, both of which were seen as unfairly benefiting the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Suu Kyi's party also insisted that the military acknowledge the results of the 1990 election, which the NLD won but was disregarded by the junta. Despite these initial stances, the NLD decided to join the by-elections in April. Although they only hold a small number of lower house seats, Suu Kyi ensures that the NLD still has a significant impact. She took the lead in opposing a higher education bill that she believed was inadequate, resulting in its cancellation in July. The bill will now be revised by lawmakers. Additionally, she played a role in removing a provision in a foreign-investment law that would have benefited Myanmar's corrupt businessmen. In August, she was appointed as the chair of a parliamentary committee focused on "rule of law and tranquility," which could increase her impact. Despite her influence, her ability to reform the constitution and reduce the military's power is still a top priority for the NLD. Receiving three-quarters support in parliament, including from military delegates, is a challenging task for Suu Kyi. Ohn Kyaing, NLD party spokesman and member of parliament, acknowledged that Suu Kyi is very persuasive, but stated that without the military's assistance, changing the constitution is unlikely. Despite the NLD's significant victory in the recent by-election, indicating potential success in the 2015 general election, the party still needs rejuvenation to appear as a viable government-in-waiting. The NLD was established in September 1988 following a violent suppression of pro-democracy demonstrations, which resulted in the deaths and injuries of many protesters. Suu Kyi was arrested by the military junta before the NLD had been in existence for a year, and its members were subjected to harassment, imprisonment, and torture. In 2003, government agents ambushed Suu Kyi's convoy, resulting in the deaths of numerous supporters. Fortunately, she managed to survive the attack. As a result of the government's actions, most NLD offices were closed down. When Suu Kyi was released from house arrest in 2010, her party was in a state of decline with older leaders. She worked on revitalizing it by personally establishing numerous offices. Two founding members, Win Tin and Tin Oo, both in their eighties, have been given advisory roles. The party has grown substantially with one million members, according to spokesman Ohn Kyaing. However, the success has led to new challenges. The NLD is planning to hold its inaugural national party conference either in late 2012 or early 2013. Protests have broken out in various constituencies, including Suu Kyi's Kawhmu, regarding who should be allowed to attend. The disagreement underscores the tension between long-standing NLD members who endured years of persecution and new members who joined during Myanmar's period of reform. Ohn Kyaing stated, "The older members are reluctant to relinquish their positions because of the hardships they have faced." Additionally, there is a power struggle between the central party headquarters and local branches, with some local officials accusing their superiors of being overbearing or unresponsive. As a result, at least five members have been suspended for either defying or protesting against the party leadership. A seven-member Central Executive Committee led by Suu Kyi approves her decisions, according to current and former NLD members. One of these decisions was the party's refusal to take a parliamentary oath in April to uphold the constitution. Aung Kyi Nyunt, an NLD legislator, believes that while Suu Kyi's imposition of her will may not be democratic, it is not authoritarian because she does not force others to comply - they already agree with her. After a two-week confrontation and disapproval from followers, the "Iron Aunty" yielded and her MPs sat down. The NLD also has a strained connection with Myanmar's resurged media. A newspaper reported in May that Suu Kyi's security personnel had attacked one of its journalists, a claim that the NLD refutes. Several Burmese-language websites are devoted to tarnishing Suu Kyi's reputation. Their baseless rumors, such as one claiming she has a teenage daughter with a Burmese partner, bear a striking resemblance to propaganda from the junta era. The websites, which are registered through proxies to protect their owners' identities, could not be contacted for comment. The NLD's entrance into parliament has brought attention to a lack of specific policies and experts to create them, which is a critical weakness as Myanmar's government is rapidly creating new legislation. When asked by Reuters in Kawhmu about the NLD's stance on the Rohingya issue, Suu Kyi appeared to suggest that the party did not have a formulated policy. She stated that it is not solely the NLD's responsibility to create such a policy, but rather a matter that requires involvement from the entire country. Suu Kyi's popularity in Myanmar is not as widespread as some Western admirers believe. While she is highly revered in the lowlands where ethnic Burmans are the majority, her support diminishes in border regions where ethnic minorities have been in conflict with the Burman-dominated military for decades. In rural Shan State, which is named after the largest minority group, it is difficult to come across images of Suu Kyi. Despite Suu Kyi's call for increased legal protection of minorities during her first speech in parliament in July, she still faces criticism from ethnic leaders. One such critic is Khun Htun Oo, a prominent Shan politician who was imprisoned for nearly seven years by the previous military regime. According to Htun Oo, Suu Kyi has been rendered ineffective by her involvement in parliament, as he expressed to reporters in Washington last month, just before both of them received accolades from a human rights organization. During her visit to the United States, Suu Kyi's credibility took a hit when she confessed to having a special affection for Myanmar's military, which was established by her father, General Aung San. This display of family loyalty sparked a wave of criticism on Facebook, the country's primary platform for political discourse. Despite the National League for Democracy's previous support for a United Nations investigation into alleged atrocities in Myanmar, Suu Kyi's remarks have caused a decline in people's trust in her. The push for retributive justice has been abandoned since Suu Kyi was released. She stated in March that she believes in restorative justice instead. This approach does not involve prosecuting junta members. Western governments follow Suu Kyi's lead on human rights, using her statements as a reason to avoid taking action on justice and accountability issues, according to Mark Farmaner of Burma Campaign UK. He observed that British Foreign Secretary William Hague took over two months to make a statement on the violence against the Rohingya minority. NLD spokesman Ohn Kyaing mentioned that Suu Kyi will address the Rohingya issue at the appropriate moment, emphasizing the importance of timing in politics. | 2 |
Haze, who grew up in Manhattan, transitioned from abstraction to graffiti in a few years, which caught the attention of de Kooning. She advised him that artists should always follow their inspirations. By the early 1980s, he joined Soul Artists, a prominent NYC graffiti group, and displayed his work alongside Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat at MoMA PS1. He also exhibited at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery and later gained recognition for his nonfigurative paintings worldwide. Instead of living in complete artistic solitude, he started a successful design business with clients such as the Beastie Boys, Public Enemy, and LL Cool J. Recently, he has created clothing and spaces for Nike and the Standard Hotel. In 2013, he married actress Rosie Perez and lived a very collaborative and social lifestyle. However, everything changed when he began his artist residency at the Elaine de Kooning house in December. "I came here with the intention of rediscovering how to paint," he explained, speaking from a studio with a large window overlooking the barren woods in East Hampton. Numerous paintings of his studio, done in shades of gray, hung on the walls, contrasting with de Kooning's colorful portrait of Haze and his sister. His earliest abstract paintings, which he created as a child under her guidance, were displayed prominently alongside his new portrait of de Kooning. After spending months painting through the night, he felt a deep connection to de Kooning's spirit, leading him to paint people, beginning with himself. Only recently did he feel worthy of painting Elaine, a breakthrough he achieved in the past few weeks. Since the start of quarantine, many individuals have found themselves isolated and relying on their own creativity to fill their days. Many artists, writers, and composers value the opportunity to isolate themselves in remote locations, even in challenging conditions, as it can foster creativity. However, the added isolation during a pandemic can be difficult for even the most resilient individuals. Pat Phillips, currently on a painting residency in Provincetown, Massachusetts, describes the enforced isolation as challenging, especially without the usual community interactions and events. Phillips is fortunate to have his wife, fellow artist Coady Brown, with him during this time, providing some comfort amidst the isolation. Dune walks and potluck dinners featuring local clams have been put on hold. Richard MacMillan, the executive director of the organization, noted that residents, who were initially social, are now isolated due to the quarantine. While many residency programs have closed, some, like Djerassi in California and Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts in Nebraska, have implemented new safety measures to remain open. Paolo Arao, a Brooklyn artist who recently completed a three-month residency at Bemis, stated that the previous month had been very distracting due to all the news. Despite this, he felt safer in Nebraska, where there were very few COVID cases. The Elaine de Kooning House residency, where only one artist is hosted along with a single staff member who provides meals and fresh-baked cookies, seemed well-suited for sheltering in place. Katherine McMahon, the director of programming, mentioned that the arrangement of working at different times helped minimize interactions during self-quarantine. Haze, the artist, would often be seen outside in a daze from his painting marathons, splattered in paint for a cigarette break before returning to work. He mentioned that he had promised his wife he would quit smoking when he returned home. "At this moment, I find it too distracting to be taken out of my creative zone," Haze expressed on a Wednesday in early April, amidst the chaos of the pandemic in New York City. Despite the constant sirens, the open door to de Kooning's former studio allowed the sounds of birds and creaking tree branches to filter in. Haze sat in front of a recent self portrait, reminiscent of his younger self leaning against a car with a cigarette, similar to de Kooning's portrait nearby. Surrounded by art supplies, including Clorox wipes and surgical gloves which he planned to share with friends, Haze declared he had enough materials to paint through any catastrophe. His studio also showcased a large painting of de Kooning painting Kennedy, creating a nostalgic reflection on the past. Close by, an unfinished portrait of his grandfather as a young immigrant was being worked on. The artist mentioned that his time spent alone in the studio helped him remember his grandfather and other figures from the past. He credited Elaine as a spiritual inspiration during that time and admitted to developing strong feelings for her. Despite his initial plan to leave the next day, he ended up staying for a week longer, continuing to paint even amidst difficult circumstances. He pointed out that Elaine used to say that obsession is a crucial part of the process. This information is from around 2020 and is attributed to The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Now, in the midst of the omicron spike and NBC's decision to not broadcast the Golden Globes due to ethical concerns surrounding the organization behind the awards, Hollywood's typically busy and highly publicized first week of the year has become much quieter. The AFI Awards were delayed, the Critics' Choice Awards were rescheduled in an attempt to fill the gap left by the Globes' absence, and the Palm Springs Film Festival was canceled. Additionally, many popular award-winning films failed to perform well at the box office. The Academy Awards are still set for March 27, with nominations being announced on February 8. However, there is uncertainty about the details of the event. The annual Governors Awards, which have honored recipients with honorary Oscars for the past 11 years, have already been postponed. Questions remain about whether there will be a host, a live audience, and if the event will attract viewers. The Academy brought in a producer from the film "Girls Trip" in October to lead the show, but has not provided any further information and declined to comment. The situation in 2022 is starting to resemble that of 2021, with Hollywood once again missing out on its usual season of self-congratulation. This also means that movies are losing out on a key form of promotion just when they need it most, which could have long-lasting effects on the types of films that are produced. According to Nancy Utley, a former co-chair of Fox Searchlight, award shows were crucial for the box office and the success of films before the pandemic. The reason for watching smaller movies was the recognition they received, but it is challenging to do so in the current climate. Many prestigious films rely on earning most of their box office revenue between the Golden Globes and the Academy Awards. The decline of the Globes, due to financial impropriety, journalistic ethics concerns, and lack of diversity in the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, has already affected this pattern. If the awards season engine of the Hollywood hype machine falters, it could further harm the struggling box office. The massive audience shift towards streaming services seems to be a lasting trend, as only major blockbusters like "Spider-Man: No Way Home" are attracting significant numbers of moviegoers to theaters. Stephen Galloway, dean of Chapman University's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts and former executive editor of The Hollywood Reporter, expressed concerns about the future of the movie industry, stating that people are no longer in the habit of watching movies on the big screen. He emphasized the importance of award season in promoting films and questioned how long this trend can continue. The Academy Awards were established in 1929 to showcase Hollywood's accomplishments to the world. In its peak, the telecast attracted 55 million viewers. However, this number has been decreasing over time, reaching an all-time low last year with only 10.4 million viewers for a show that lacked a host, musical performances, and had a less popular best picture winner in "Nomadland." Hollywood had been preparing for a major push to increase viewership, using big-name stars and directors to emphasize the importance of going to the movies in a world with numerous streaming options. Unfortunately, these efforts have not been successful. The public is largely hesitant to return to movie theaters regularly, as evidenced by the underwhelming box office performances of recent films like "No Time to Die," "Last Night in Soho," "Nightmare Alley," "Belfast," and "West Side Story." Despite positive reviews, these movies have struggled to attract audiences, with "No Time to Die" making significantly less money than previous James Bond films. The original film made $44 million in 1961, which would be equivalent to $409 million today. A recent study shows that 49% of moviegoers before the pandemic are no longer buying tickets, with 8% saying they will never return. This is bad news for midbudget movies that rely on positive reviews and publicity to attract audiences. Some believe that midbudget films costing $20 million to $60 million, such as "Licorice Pizza" and "Nightmare Alley," which are not based on existing intellectual properties, may face permanent changes in the industry. If changes in viewing behavior are permanent and if award nominations and wins are no longer a big attraction, films will struggle to make a profit. If audiences only want to see popular blockbusters like "Spider-Man," it will be challenging to persuade them to watch smaller, more artistic films like "Belfast" in theaters rather than at home. This not only impacts the success of individual films and filmmakers, but also has a broader impact on the entire art form. Art is delicate. Among the other top contenders for best picture that received a significant theatrical release, only "Dune," a science fiction film based on existing material, surpassed $100 million in box office earnings. "King Richard" made $14.7 million, and "Licorice Pizza" brought in $7 million. According to film journalist and historian Mark Harris, no non-genre adult dramas have made over $50 million. The landscape of 2019, where films like "1917," "Ford v. Ferrari," and "Parasite" found success, is no longer the reality. However, studios are adapting to these changes. MGM is adjusting its theatrical release strategy for "Licorice Pizza" after seeing other prestigious films struggle when they expanded to over 1,000 theaters. The release of "Cyrano" in Britain, starring Peter Dinklage, has been postponed to February in order to coincide with the US release, in the hopes that older female moviegoers will be more likely to return to theaters at that time. Sony Pictures Classics is implementing a strategy similar to what they used in 2021, with more virtual screenings and Q&As to attract academy voters, as well as quicker distribution to home platforms. The documentary "Julia" has already been released on premium video-on-demand during the holidays. Despite many studios hosting extravagant premieres and parties in early December with strict health protocols, the usual awards campaigning events in January such as screenings and parties are being either canceled or moved to virtual platforms. Billboards with the message "For your consideration" are still seen in Los Angeles, but in-person events like meet-and-greets are currently not happening. Netflix, known for limited theatrical releases and not reporting box office results, is expected to have a strong presence in the awards season with films such as "Tick, Tick ... Boom," "The Power of the Dog," and "The Lost Daughter" competing for awards. Like other studios, Netflix has shifted all in-person events for January to virtual. Michael Barker, co-president of Sony Pictures Classics, acknowledged the challenges of adapting to the current situation, noting that this year will also require adaptation. Despite the difficulties, Barker remains optimistic about the future and the changes that may come once the current situation passes. | 2 |
"Xi, speaking at Xi'an Jiaotong University, emphasized that significant historical progress often follows major disasters. He believes that our nation has been strengthened and matured through difficult times. Xi, who has faced personal challenges in the past, sees the pandemic as an opportunity to redeem the party after initial mistakes and to boost national pride. State propaganda is supporting him by highlighting his leadership in the fight against the pandemic. Now, Xi must translate his calls for unity into action, a theme likely to be central at the upcoming National People's Congress. He is working to resume the pre-pandemic agenda, such as his goal to eliminate extreme poverty by this year, while warning against complacency that could lead to a second wave of infections." He must juggle all these responsibilities at a time when the country is facing challenging diplomatic and economic conditions not seen since the Tiananmen Square crackdown in 1989. Carl Minzner, a professor at Fordham University, warned that if Xi fails to lead appropriately as the country's helmsman, there is significant domestic political risk. Despite criticisms of his handling of the coronavirus outbreak, Xi has portrayed himself as the essential leader defending China against formidable threats, garnering support from party members and the public. Jude Blanchette, an analyst at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, noted that if time had stopped on February 1st, it would have been detrimental for the Chinese leadership. Xi's first public appearance during the crisis came just two days after he ordered the lockdown of Wuhan, where the outbreak originated. He led an uncommon televised meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee, the country's highest political body, during which he discussed the growing number of infections and deaths. According to a detailed report in People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party, he expressed his struggle to sleep the night before the Lunar New Year holiday. Xi also appeared to step back from his usual prominent role, allowing others to take center stage. Premier Li Keqiang, one of China's leaders, was initially responsible for the government's emergency response to the crisis. This may have been a strategic move to shield himself from blame if the situation worsened. As the outbreak came under control, the party's focus shifted back to Xi Jinping, with Li being pushed into the background. Although Li will be delivering the keynote report to the National People's Congress, it is expected that Xi will continue to receive most of the media attention and will likely provide guidance to provincial leaders and delegates. Despite initial failures in the country's response to the disease and international criticism, Xi does not appear to have been humbled. He stated at the World Health Assembly that China has consistently acted with openness, transparency, and responsibility. Xi has cautioned that China is dealing with a world that is becoming more uncertain. He has balanced his optimistic outlook with concerns about potential economic downturns, foreign conflicts, or political instability. Recently, he has emphasized the need to be prepared for prolonged changes in the global environment, particularly in light of the recent economic downturn in China. The Communist Party's legitimacy has been bolstered by the increasing prosperity of millions of Chinese people. During recent visits to three provinces, Xi Jinping has shifted the focus back to the policy agenda that existed before the coronavirus pandemic. Xi has visited Zhejiang, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, wearing his signature dark blue windbreaker and a mask indoors. He has toured factories, ports, government offices, and scenic spots in an effort to revive normal life while implementing new measures to prevent infection. In less affluent rural areas, he has shown interest in crops like wood ear fungus and chrysanthemum, which are important for his anti-poverty initiatives. He informed a group of villagers in Shaanxi that their wood ear fungus was well-known and could help lift them out of poverty. The Communist Party's carefully crafted propaganda may show China's success in overcoming the epidemic, but it also highlights that life is still far from normal. Footage from his visit to Xi'an Jiaotong University revealed that the enthusiastic crowd of students and professors had been arranged, as the university was mostly closed. Xi jokingly pointed out that school had not yet resumed, despite the crowd's presence. | 2 |
Changla Mro and other women of the Mro ethnic group used to face dangers such as snakes, wild pigs, and fishing cats while trekking for hours to collect water. However, since a water collection and treatment system was installed a year ago, serving about 21 families in Bandarban district, these dangers are now a thing of the past. Changla Mro explained that two women were bitten by snakes while collecting water at night before the system was installed, but now they no longer fear such attacks. The increasing demands on the world's limited fresh water supply due to deforestation, climate change, and population growth are a concern globally. Discovering innovative methods to capture and preserve water in order to maintain consistent supplies throughout the year is becoming increasingly important. Women are seen collecting water at the community water treatment plant in Bandarban, as reported by Thomson Reuters Foundation. Water is a highly valued resource in the Hill Tract area of Bangladesh, covering 5,500 square miles and inhabited by both Bengali-speaking settlers and tribal people from 13 different ethnic groups. Extensive deforestation over the years has diminished the soil's ability to retain water, resulting in water shortages during the dry season when surface water evaporates. This issue is particularly severe in the districts of Bandarban, Rangamati, and Khagrhachharhi where the Mro community resides. Kangchag Mro, 50, used to spend hours searching for water in springs and streams, fearing waterborne diseases like diarrhoea and cholera. Now, clean drinking water flows from taps at the community's water treatment plant, a small concrete building topped with corrugated iron. She expressed that collecting water in the hilly area was difficult, but the water plant has made it easier. The plant is supplied by a hillside reservoir located 500 meters away and was funded by the Arannayk Foundation, a joint forest conservation initiative between the Bangladesh and US governments. The artificial lake is gathering water from the hills, which is then transported through a pipeline to a treatment plant for purification. The efficient gravity flow water system, without the need for costly pumps, has led to discussions about expanding it further. Md Wali Ullah, the chief engineer of the Department of Public Health Engineering, mentioned that the government is looking into providing water to additional indigenous communities in the Hill Tract region. Ullah also stated that his department has already submitted a proposal to other relevant government departments. In Bandarban, there is a stream running. According to Mro leader Khamchang Mro, the community has recognized the significance of forests as they help in collecting rainfall during monsoon season and gradually releasing it into streams and rivers. The community has been making efforts to conserve forested areas in order to maintain a steady flow of water to springs and canals throughout the year. Khamchang Mro mentioned that they have reforested a degraded area of their village forests, resulting in the forest now being in a healthy condition. According to Farid Ahmed Khan, executive director of Arannayk Foundation, local communities must protect their forests in order to avoid a water crisis. Women in Bandarban collect water at a community water treatment plant. A stream flows in Bandarban as well. | 2 |
The recent riots in the district have created lasting divisions in the community, mirroring a national trend of tensions over Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist agenda. In areas like Yamuna Vihar, where the riots took place, many Hindus are boycotting Muslim merchants and workers, while Muslims are struggling to find jobs due to the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic. One shop owner, Yash Dhingra, stated that he has chosen to only hire Hindu workers and will not work with Muslims. The riots in the Indian capital, which were the most severe sectarian violence in decades, were sparked by a citizenship law that critics believe discriminates against the Muslim minority in India. At least 53 people, the majority of whom were Muslims, were killed and over 200 were injured according to police reports. Yamuna Vihar has been permanently altered by the unrest, with homes destroyed, electricity cables damaged, and streets littered with debris from the riots. Hindu residents in the area have started boycotting Muslim workers, impacting a wide range of professions from cooks to mechanics. "We have evidence to prove that Muslims initiated the violence, and are now trying to blame us," Dhingra stated. "This is a common pattern for them as they are people with criminal intentions." These sentiments were widely supported in interviews with 25 Hindus in various areas of northeast Delhi, many of whom experienced significant financial losses or physical injuries during the riots. Reuters also interviewed around 30 Muslims, the majority of whom claimed that Hindus had refused to work with them. Suman Goel, a 45-year-old homemaker who has been living among Muslim neighbors for 23 years, expressed her shock at the violence. "It feels odd to no longer feel like you belong, to leave your home and consciously avoid interacting with Muslim women," she expressed. "I'm sure they are experiencing similar emotions, but it's better to keep our distance." Mohammed Taslim, a Muslim who ran a shoe business from a store owned by a Hindu in Bhajanpura, a neighborhood impacted by the riots, shared that his stock was ruined by a Hindu group. He was subsequently forced out and his shop was given to a Hindu entrepreneur, he recounted. "This discrimination is happening solely because of my religious beliefs," Taslim stated. Numerous Muslims believe that the recent attack was orchestrated by extremist Hindus in response to widespread protests in India against the new citizenship law. Adil, a Muslim research assistant in central Delhi, expressed that safety and protecting lives have become more important than careers, jobs, and business for them. Adil chose not to reveal his full name due to concerns about potential retaliation. Inspired by Modi's overwhelming electoral victory in 2014, extremist groups have been pushing for a pro-Hindu agenda that has negatively impacted the Muslim community in India. There have been incidents of vigilantes attacking and killing Muslims who were transporting cows, which are considered sacred by Hindus. The government has taken a tough stance towards Pakistan and revoked certain privileges for Jammu and Kashmir, the only Muslim-majority state in India. In a controversial decision, the Supreme Court allowed for the construction of a Hindu temple at the site of a mosque that was destroyed by a right-wing mob in 1992, a move supported by the Modi administration. The citizenship law, which makes it easier for non-Muslims from neighboring Muslim-majority countries to gain Indian citizenship, has further angered Muslims and secular Indians, leading to widespread protests. Modi's office declined to answer questions from Reuters regarding the recent violence. In the Delhi districts most affected by the unrest in February, Hindus and Muslims avoid each other during the day. However, at night when the risk of violence is higher, they are separated by barricades that are taken down in the morning. Some areas are now constructing permanent barriers. Tarannum Sheikh, a schoolteacher residing in the Muslim enclave of Khajuri Khas, observed two welders installing a tall gate at the entrance of her narrow lane on a recent evening. She stated that the goal was to prevent Hindus from entering. She explained that they carry wooden batons to safeguard the entrance because they believe that someone could cause trouble at any moment. She also mentioned that they no longer have faith in the police. In the nearby Hindu neighborhood of Bhajanpura, residents shared a similar lack of trust and feeling of vulnerability. A 52-year-old grandmother named Santosh Rani remarked that the riots were necessary to bring Hindus together, as they had not realized they were surrounded by malicious individuals for many years. She mentioned that she had to lower her two grandchildren from the first floor of her house to the street below after the building was set on fire during the violence, which was reportedly done by a Muslim. Rani, who owns various factories and retail shops, stated that the Muslims have pushed their limits this time, and as a result, she will no longer hire them for jobs. "I will never forget what they did." Hasan Sheikh, a tailor who has been sewing clothes for Hindu and Muslim women for more than 40 years, mentioned that Hindu customers came to pick up their unfinished clothes after the riots. Sheikh, who is Muslim, expressed his surprise at how their relationship ended. "I and my female clients were not responsible, but the social atmosphere in this region is highly charged. There is justified animosity on both sides." | 2 |
Around the world, chickens and pigs are contributing to the fight against global warming, while cows and sheep are lagging behind. These farm animals are significant producers of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that is often overlooked compared to carbon dioxide but is crucial in the battle against climate change. Government policies and a UN-supported system of emission credits have become profitable for investors, farmers, and major polluters like power plants looking to offset their greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2. Methane is much more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, making it a valuable target for capture from sources like animal waste, landfills, coal mines, and natural gas leaks. Climate scientist Paul Fraser from Australia stated that methane has contributed to one-fifth of global warming caused by greenhouse gases since before the industrial revolution. Methane levels in the atmosphere have increased significantly since 1750, surpassing natural levels from the past 650,000 years. The UN's climate panel attributes this increase to human activities, particularly in countries like Australia where livestock emit large amounts of methane. The panel is set to release a report in May focusing on ways to reduce methane and other greenhouse gas emissions. Bill Hare from Greenpeace, a lead author of the report, mentioned that reducing methane emissions may be a more cost-effective strategy compared to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. He mentioned that a significant amount of policy debate in the United States has been focused on methane as opposed to more complex issues like CO2 emissions from coal. This is because the process of capturing methane from landfills, mines, or fossil fuel production is relatively simple and economically viable. Methane, a key component of natural gas, can be burned to produce energy. However, agriculture presents a greater challenge, particularly in terms of methane emissions from livestock and rice cultivation, where changing practices may require more time compared to industrial sectors. Rice fields and other irrigated crops, as well as natural wetlands, produce significant amounts of methane. Additionally, large quantities of methane are stored in icy sub-polar regions, permafrost, and under the sea. Various solutions are being explored to reduce methane emissions, such as additives for livestock and transitioning from intensive feed lots to range-fed animals. Adjusting the flooding schedule of rice paddies also shows promise in reducing methane output. Despite methane levels stabilizing since 1999, Fraser, from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, notes that efforts are ongoing to address methane emissions. This phenomenon is believed to occur because the decrease in moisture in tropical wetlands appears to be offsetting an increase in emissions from the oil and gas industry. The duration of this effect is uncertain. "Many believe that at some point in the future, methane levels will rise again due to the global demand for natural gas, rice, and cattle," stated Fraser. This is why chicken manure and pig waste are in high demand. The Clean Development Mechanism, under the UN's Kyoto Protocol, allows wealthy nations to meet their emission targets by financing projects that reduce greenhouse gases in developing countries, in exchange for carbon credits. The rise of large pig farms in South America and poultry farms in India has made them appealing investments. Their waste is processed in digesters to extract methane, which can be burned for electricity or flared to create CO2, a less harmful greenhouse gas. Interest in these projects is increasing, according to N Yuvaraj Dinesh Babu from Carbon Exchange in Singapore, which trades Kyoto carbon credits and facilitates emissions off-setting deals. The Kyoto system of emissions credits has been successful, with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change approving numerous methane-abatement projects in recent years and considering more. However, Stephan Singer of WWF believes this is not a complete solution. He believes that more attention should be focused on controlling carbon dioxide emissions and the sources of methane that are difficult to control. Currently, only about 50 percent of methane emissions are being controlled, specifically from landfills, coal mines, and the oil and gas industry, according to Singer, who is the head of WWF's European Energy and Climate Policy Unit. Singer is concerned about the increasing methane emissions from ruminants' stomachs, particularly due to the rise in beef consumption in a wealthier world. The Western diet has a significant impact on the atmosphere. In the United States, cattle release approximately 5.5 million tonnes of methane per year, contributing to 20 percent of US methane emissions, as reported by the Environmental Protection Agency. In New Zealand, around half of all greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculture. Singer's main concern, however, is the potential sudden release of methane from sub-polar permafrost or methane hydrate deposits under the sea. Although this has not yet occurred, some scientists believe it could happen in a warmer climate. Singer warns that if methane hydrates were to leak, it would be catastrophic and irreversible. | 2 |
French President Nicolas Sarkozy is meeting with unions on Wednesday in an attempt to reach an agreement on economic stimulus plans and prevent more protests due to the country's increasing unemployment and declining growth. Over a million people protested across France recently, demanding pay raises and job protection during the economic downturn. Trade unions are planning another protest next month. Sarkozy's 26 billion euro stimulus plan has primarily focused on public spending projects rather than providing direct assistance to consumers and workers. Unions and the political left are urging him to change his approach, as a television appearance following the protests last month only served to weaken Sarkozy's support even further. In Saturday's edition of Le Figaro newspaper, which has close ties to Sarkozy, he was quoted as saying that the outcome of his five-year term is in jeopardy. The French economy experienced a significant decline in the last quarter of 2008, with a 1.2 percent drop in GDP, the largest in 34 years, due to decreased exports and retailers reducing their stock. Unemployment also rose by 11 percent in December compared to the previous year. Protests have disrupted Guadeloupe and Martinique in the French Caribbean, as well as Reunion in the Indian Ocean, with demands for higher minimum wage and lower food and fuel prices. There are concerns that these protests may spread in the current tense atmosphere, as indicated by a recent poll showing that 63 percent of respondents believe similar protests could occur on the mainland. The opposition Socialists are putting pressure on Sarkozy before the "social summit" by calling for a 1 percentage point cut in value-added tax and a 3 percent increase in the minimum wage to stimulate consumer spending. Despite economists and unions advocating for these measures, Sarkozy is reluctant to implement them, leading to the possibility of more protests. Socialist Dider Migaud criticized France for not taking immediate action to boost purchasing power, which is seen as essential for economic growth. Sarkozy, on the other hand, believes that any increase in public debt should be for future investments rather than consumer spending. He may point to the recent increase in household consumption as evidence that further stimulus measures are unnecessary. Britain reduced its value-added tax by 2 percentage points, a decision that was criticized by Sarkozy in his television address. This move was seen as ineffective by Sarkozy, causing tension with Downing Street. Despite this, Sarkozy is open to considering other measures such as lowering low-level income tax and increasing unemployment benefits. However, his employment minister and social affairs adviser remain against raising the minimum wage, believing it to be an outdated idea that could harm struggling businesses. | 2 |
Japanese opposition leader Ichiro Ozawa resigned on Monday, which is expected to boost his party's chances in the upcoming election following a fundraising scandal that had hurt its prospects. The Democratic Party had been in a strong position to win the election and end the long-standing rule of Prime Minister Taro Aso's Liberal Democratic Party, but the scandal has narrowed their lead in polls. Ozawa stated that he decided to step down in order to strengthen party unity and secure a clear victory in the election, emphasizing the need for a change in government. The Democratic Party has promised to decrease bureaucratic influence in decision-making, prioritize the rights of consumers and workers, and adopt a more independent diplomatic stance from the United States. Ozawa's departure is not expected to change the current political positions, but it may prompt the LDP to introduce additional stimulus plans to appeal to voters. A 15 trillion yen spending package is already being discussed in parliament. Financial markets were minimally affected by Ozawa's resignation, with the yen trading slightly lower initially but remaining largely unchanged throughout the day. Aso, who has threatened an early election if the Democrats impede discussion on the budget, stated that Ozawa's resignation will not directly impact the election timing, with speculation pointing towards an August vote. Hidenori Suezawa, chief strategist at Daiwa Securities SMBC, suggested that now that Ozawa is no longer in the picture, Prime Minister Aso may focus on implementing aggressive economic stimulus measures in order to attract voters, rather than immediately dissolving parliament. According to analysts, while replacing Ozawa may enhance the Democrats' prospects in upcoming elections, some of the damage caused by his leadership may not be easily reversed. Independent political commentator Minoru Morita noted that there was widespread dissatisfaction with Ozawa, and his departure is seen as a positive development for the Democrats' future prospects. Ozawa's departure may pave the way for a younger leader to take over, with potential candidates being former party leaders Katsuya Okada, who is known for advocating for stricter climate policies and is considered the frontrunner, and Seiji Maehara, a conservative expert on security policy. Other possible successors include Yukio Hatoyama and Naoto Kan, who are both former deputies of Ozawa. Ozawa, a skilled campaign strategist, has been influential in Japanese politics for nearly twenty years, playing a key role in forming a pro-reform coalition after leaving the LDP. The impact of his resignation on the Democrats' chances will depend on his replacement and how smoothly the transition occurs, as it is seen as a necessary step in addressing the party's image issues. Gerry Curtis, a Columbia University professor and Japanese politics expert, posed the question of who the Democratic Party will choose as their next leader, how they will make this decision, and how the chosen leader will perform. According to a Democratic Party source, the next leader will likely be elected by party lawmakers through a vote, possibly within a week or 10 days. A survey conducted by the Yomiuri newspaper prior to Ozawa's announcement, and published on Monday, showed that the Democrats still held a slight lead over the LDP. However, more than two-thirds of respondents questioned Ozawa's decision to remain in his position. One respondent, Yukihiro Nakagawa, expressed that if Ozawa had stayed, he would have submitted a blank vote. Nakagawa stated that he would like to see the Democrats' promised policies before making a decision, but is currently leaning towards voting for the Democrats. A survey conducted by the Yomiuri newspaper before Ozawa's announcement revealed that 30 percent of respondents would vote for the Democrats in the upcoming election, compared to 27 percent for the LDP. Some analysts believe that Ozawa's resignation may lead to renewed pressure within the LDP to replace the unpopular Aso, while others argue that there is no clear successor and Aso will likely try to maintain his position. | 2 |
Maibam Sharat was the second person in a group of six friends walking past a security post in India when a soldier from an armored car opened fire, injuring his friend Ranbir. Despite pleas for medical help, the troops initially took him to their camp before finally taking him to the hospital four hours later, where he ultimately succumbed to his injuries. Sharat, a driver from Nongpok Semai, believes the soldiers may have been acting out of frustration and anger following an attack on their colleagues by militants earlier that evening. Human rights organizations and political parties claim that Ranbir's killing is just one of many instances of military abuses in Manipur, which have been carried out under the protection of the strict federal anti-terror law known as the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act. This law provides soldiers with virtual immunity from prosecution and has become a major issue as the state prepares to vote in a three-stage election to select a new legislature. The majority of parties appear to agree that the law, which only applies to certain regions of India, should be either abolished or significantly amended. Sovakiran Singh, a legislator from the Heirok constituency where Nongpok Sekmai is located, has stated that if his party comes into power, they will work to repeal AFSPA in the first session of the new legislature. However, it is possible for the central government in New Delhi to overrule the state government and reinstate the law. Singh is hopeful that there will be a response to the pressure from Manipur, where 20,000 people have lost their lives in a separatist rebellion that began in the 1960s. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) grants military personnel extensive authority to search, detain, and eliminate suspected militants even in the absence of an immediate threat. Soldiers can only be prosecuted with approval from the central government, which is rare. This law, enacted in 1958 to address armed separatist movements in northeastern India, is defended by the army as providing essential protection against politically motivated accusations. However, human rights organizations argue that the powers it bestows have created an environment where security forces perpetrate rights violations with impunity, including torture, sexual assault, and murder. They say this has only increased anger and led to more insurgents. Pradip Phanjoubam, editor of the Imphal Free Press daily, described AFSPA as a result of the state's extreme paranoia. A Border Security Force official claimed their soldiers were responding to fire from militants in the Nongpok Sekmai shooting, but few in the hamlet believe this explanation. Manipur, located 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from New Delhi, is one of India's most troubled regions but is often overlooked by the nation. Soldiers are present everywhere in Manipur, where the state has experienced multiple incidents of violence in the past five years due to accusations of soldiers killing innocent people. Despite public protests, there was a slight increase in extra-judicial killings last year, with 18 documented cases according to Babloo Loitongbam, director of Manipur's Human Rights Alert. Phanjoubam and Loitongbam believe that New Delhi should focus on a political rather than military solution to address the insurgency in Manipur and bring development to the state. It is uncertain if political parties in Manipur will be able to generate enough pressure for meaningful change. The Congress party, in power in both India and Manipur since 2002, has been indecisive about the AFSPA issue. Sonia Gandhi, the party chief, assured Manipuris that the government is thoroughly considering a report by an expert panel that suggested revisions to the law 18 months ago. However, many Manipuris are still doubtful about any actual change happening. | 2 |
On October 16, the couple, who had planned to visit the Terracotta Warriors, tested positive for the coronavirus. As a result, China has implemented lockdown measures in a city of 4 million people, as well as in several smaller cities and parts of Beijing, in order to control a recent outbreak that has affected over 240 individuals in at least 11 provinces and regions. Schools and tourist sites have been closed, and government websites have provided detailed information about the couple's movements and their contacts. This strict response reflects China's "zero COVID" policy, which has been successful in keeping the country's death toll from the pandemic to fewer than 5,000. The size of the recent outbreak in China may be small compared to other countries, but it is significant for China. However, China's policy of pursuing full eradication of the virus is now seen as unusual, as other countries like New Zealand and Australia are reopening and moving away from zero tolerance measures. Mi Feng, a spokesperson for the National Health Commission, emphasized the importance of maintaining vigilance against imported cases and preventing any resurgence of the virus. The existing control measures cannot be eased. The government's stringent approach is based on specific Chinese considerations. Strong exports have supported the economy. The Communist Party's strong control allows for efficient lockdowns and testing. Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in February. Low case numbers have become a source of national pride for many Chinese people. Xi Jinping, China's leader, has highlighted the country's successful containment efforts as evidence of the effectiveness of its governing system. However, experts in China and internationally have cautioned that this strategy may not be sustainable. China could face increasing isolation on diplomatic and economic fronts as global public opinion turns against it. According to Lynette Ong, a political scientist at the University of Toronto, the Chinese regime believes it must maintain a "zero COVID" policy to retain legitimacy, even at a significant cost. At the beginning of the pandemic, the Chinese Communist Party's grip on power appeared to rely heavily on its ability to manage the virus. The initial efforts to conceal the outbreak in Wuhan led to a significant public backlash, with images of hospitals in crisis and patients in desperate need of assistance circulating on Chinese social media. However, as the virus spread globally, China's strict lockdown measures and widespread testing were praised and adopted by other nations. While Western democracies faced increasing death tolls, Xi Jinping highlighted China's success in quickly controlling the spread of the virus. There was initial anger over the response to the outbreak in Wuhan, which was followed by strong nationalism. Countries that implemented "zero COVID" policies were praised for prioritizing saving lives over convenience and economic growth. As the virus continues into its second year and the more contagious delta variant emerges, nations are reevaluating their approaches. Australia, which had the longest lockdown, is removing quarantine rules for vaccinated citizens returning from abroad. New Zealand recently gave up on its zero-COVID goal. Singapore is allowing vaccinated tourists from countries like Germany, the United States, and France to travel without quarantine. However, China has decided not to make any changes to its current policies. Zhang Wenhong, an infectious disease expert from Shanghai, faced harsh criticism when he suggested that China should adapt to living with the virus. A former health minister in China labeled this mindset as irresponsible. Ong believes that the Chinese government is hesitant to face any opposition to its belief in successfully overcoming the pandemic. She stated that outbreaks have become so common that they are considered unimportant, but the Chinese government aims to control any potential sources of instability. There are practical reasons for China's cautious approach, such as the concentration of medical resources in large cities and the possibility of remote areas being overwhelmed by an increase in cases. Zhang Jun, an urban studies expert at the City University of Hong Kong, highlighted these concerns. Despite achieving a high full vaccination rate of 75%, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of China's domestically produced vaccines. However, the strategy of eliminating outbreaks seems to have public backing, at least for now. Residents in areas under lockdown have criticized the strict social media restrictions, but travel remains unrestricted in areas without cases. Wealthy individuals are spending money on luxury items and cars instead of trips abroad. Some believe that the strict COVID-zero policy does not seem too harsh as long as there is still some freedom of movement. Singapore, for example, lifted restrictions in the summer but reinstated them in September due to a rise in infections, showing that governments may change their approach to living with the virus. However, the government is continuing to implement travel lanes. Despite this, experts believe that the expenses of aiming for zero cases will eventually become apparent. China's economic expansion is decelerating, with domestic travel decreasing during a recent weeklong holiday compared to the previous year due to concerns about new cases. Retail sales have been inconsistent, fluctuating along with the virus outbreaks. Additionally, there may be diplomatic repercussions for the country. Xi has remained in China since early 2020 and has not had any foreign visitors, while other world leaders are preparing to gather in Rome and Glasgow. China's strict approach is also affecting Hong Kong, where leaders are implementing long quarantine measures to align with the mainland's COVID prevention policies, despite concerns from business leaders about foreign firms leaving. Some individuals, like Jason Qiu, believe the current policies are necessary but question whether there is a clear exit strategy. "If the current situation persists for an extended period, such as if the pandemic continues for another five or 10 years or becomes endemic, it may be necessary to consider implementing some changes," officials have suggested the possibility of easing restrictions cautiously in response to these concerns. Gao Fu, the director of China's Center for Disease Control and Prevention, raised the question of why the country shouldn't reopen once an 85% vaccination rate is achieved, but also highlighted the sensitivity of the issue. In the meantime, individuals affected by lockdowns are making the most of their circumstances. For instance, approximately 10,000 tourists are stuck in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia, due to lockdown measures following the emergence of cases. To provide some comfort, the local tourism association has promised them complimentary access to three popular tourist sites within the next three years. Copyright 2021 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
In the dense forests of the picturesque Danube island of Persin, where endangered species like the sea eagle and pygmy cormorant reside, lies the grim remnants of a communist-era death camp. Between 1949 and 1959, hundreds of "enemies of the regime" lost their lives in Bulgaria's Belene concentration camp due to beatings, malnutrition, and exhaustion. The deceased were even fed to pigs. Despite two decades passing since the collapse of communism, Belene has largely been forgotten, with only a small marble plaque recounting its tragic history. Nostalgia for the past is on the rise in the small Balkan nation and throughout the former Soviet bloc. The failings of capitalism to improve living conditions, establish the rule of law, and combat rampant corruption and nepotism have led to a yearning for the times when unemployment was nonexistent, food was affordable, and social security was strong. Rumen Petkov, a 42-year-old former guard turned clerk at the only prison still operating on Persin island, mentioned that the negative aspects of the past have been overlooked. He noted that there is a strong sense of nostalgia, especially among the older population, as he stood in front of the deteriorating buildings of another older prison that was opened on the site after the closure of the camp in 1959. In the 1980s, the communists detained numerous ethnic Turks at the facility for refusing to change their names to Bulgarian. Some young residents of the impoverished town of Belene, connected to the island by a pontoon bridge, also reflect on the past fondly, with Anelia Beeva, 31, stating, "We had a better quality of life back then. We used to go on vacations to the coast and mountains, there was an abundance of clothing, shoes, and food." Currently, a significant portion of our earnings is allocated towards food expenses. Those with higher education degrees are facing unemployment and are choosing to move overseas. In Russia, there has been a trend of Soviet-themed restaurants opening in Moscow, where young individuals partake in nostalgia nights by dressing up as pioneers and dancing to communist songs. Soviet Champagne and Red October Chocolates are popular choices for birthday festivities, and "USSR" merchandise like t-shirts and baseball caps are commonly worn during the summer months. While there is minimal desire for the restoration of old regimes, experts believe that apathy is a significant consequence. Bulgarian sociologist Vladimir Shopov stated that nostalgia negatively impacts the drive for meaningful change. Disenchantment with democracy is widespread in former communist eastern Europe, with a significant mistrust of the elites who facilitated EU citizenship. A recent regional poll by the US Pew Research Center revealed a decline in support for democracy and capitalism in countries like Ukraine, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Hungary. For example, only 30 percent of Ukrainians approved of the shift to democracy in 2009, compared to 72 percent in 1991. In Bulgaria and Lithuania, the percentage of the population affected by the economic downturn has decreased from nearly three-quarters in 1991. Surveys conducted by the US-based human rights group Freedom House indicate a regression or lack of progress in corruption, governance, independent media, and civil society in the new EU member states. The global economic crisis has negatively impacted the region, ending a period of growth and challenging the neoliberal capitalist approach advocated by the West. Aspirations of bridging the gap with wealthier Western countries have been replaced by a feeling of unfairness due to the widening wealth disparity. In Hungary, a country heavily impacted by the economic crisis, a survey conducted by pollster Szonda Ipsos in October revealed that 70 percent of adults who lived through the regime change in 1989 expressed disappointment in the outcomes. People in the former Yugoslav countries long for the socialist era of Josip Broz Tito, when they were able to travel across Europe without a visa. Belgrade pensioner Koviljka Markovic, 70, believes that life was better back then, with no street crime, secure jobs, and salaries that provided a decent living. In Bulgaria, some view the 33-year rule of late dictator Todor Zhivkov as a golden era compared to the corruption and crime that followed his downfall. According to a book on influential people in Bulgaria's history by historians Andrei Pantev and Bozhidar Gavrilov, over 60 percent of Bulgarians believe they had a better standard of living in the past, despite facing shopping queues, limited social connections for obtaining goods, restrictions on items like jeans and Coca Cola, and long waiting times for purchasing a car. The authors also note that for some Bulgarians, security was more important than freedom. Even three years after joining the EU, Bulgaria still has the lowest average monthly salary and pension in the union. Additionally, countries like Poland and the Czech Republic, which joined the EU in 2004, also have lower incomes compared to western European countries. A 2008 Gallup survey ranked Bulgaria, Serbia, and Romania among the top 10 most dissatisfied countries in the world. Zsofia Kis, a 23-year old student in Budapest, commented that the previous generation, our parents, were content with what they had, unlike today where everyone seems to want more. She mentioned how communist regimes artificially kept unemployment low. After years of difficult reforms, many people are unwilling to make further sacrifices necessary for a complete overhaul of the economy and judiciary. This has led to demoralization and an increase in support for political parties promising strong leadership. Former KGB agent Prime Minister Vladimir Putin referred to the collapse of the Soviet Union as the most significant geopolitical disaster of the century. Critics of the Kremlin believe that the government is attempting to rehabilitate the Soviet Union in order to justify their restrictions on the media and opposition parties. Historian Nikita Petrov from the Memorial human rights group stated that there is a deliberate effort to idealize the Soviet past and present it in a positive light to younger generations. In Bulgaria, powerful individuals who dominate entire industries have risen from the ranks of the former communist party and its feared secret services. The identities of corrupt politicians and criminal leaders are widely known, yet Bulgaria has not punished any high-ranking officials for corruption and has only imprisoned one crime boss since 1989. No one has been held accountable for the atrocities committed during the communist era. Common words among everyday Bulgarians include "dalavera," a Turkish term for fraud, "mutri," a derogatory term for unsightly mafia members, and "mente," which refers to counterfeit goods. There is a growing sense of disillusionment among the population, with many doubting that success can be achieved through honest means. Boriana Dimitrova from Bulgarian polling agency Alpha Research stated that success is seen as illegal, especially in the Balkans, Europe's poorest region, where powerful parallel structures of authority operate without consequences. Some individuals believe that although the old regime was oppressive, there was at least some semblance of law and order. Prime Minister Boiko Borisov of the right-wing populist GERB party won a significant victory in Bulgaria's July election by promising to put an end to the culture of impunity. Analysts suggest that due to public dissatisfaction and economic downturn, only populist governments can thrive in the area. Ivan Krastev of Sofia's Liberal Strategies Institute stated that the high level of mistrust in political elite and institutions makes it difficult to convince people to cooperate under unpopular governments. Some in Bulgaria believe that the West is hypocritical for accepting former communists into positions of power. Critics point to the election of Bulgarian Irina Bokova, a former communist and ambassador to Paris, as head of UNESCO as an example of this hypocrisy. Bokova's past in Moscow during communism helped her advance in her diplomatic career in the 1990s. Some eastern Europeans believe they have caught up with and even surpassed capitalist standards in terms of materialism. During the prosperous years, a substantial portion of the loans acquired were used to purchase luxurious items such as fancy cars, yachts, flat-screen TVs, designer clothing, cosmetic surgeries, and international vacations. The trend of adopting foreign customs even extended to giving babies Western names and saturating television with reality shows like "Big Brother." Bulgarian artist Nikola Manev, residing in Paris, remarked on this phenomenon, stating, "Bulgaria is becoming Americanized." Manev expressed frustration with the prevalence of English language and American-influenced establishments in Bulgaria, questioning the loss of national identity. He observed that despite the new developments like buildings, shops, and cars, people are becoming increasingly unhappy and aggressive, suggesting spiritual solutions. This fall, tickets for shows at Sofia's theaters are in high demand for the first time in years. | 2 |
The journalists Maria Ressa from the Philippines and Dmitry Muratov from Russia were honored for their bravery in defending freedom of expression, a crucial element for democracy and peace. The committee recognized them as representatives of all journalists who uphold this ideal, especially in a world where democracy and press freedom are under threat. Maria Ressa, a Fulbright scholar and Time magazine Person of the Year in 2018, has been a vocal critic of her country's authoritarian president Rodrigo Duterte through her work with Rappler, an investigative journalism company. Rappler has uncovered government corruption, investigated the financial interests of political leaders, and shed light on the violent anti-drug campaign in the Philippines. The committee noted the high number of deaths in the campaign, describing it as a war against the country's own citizens. Ressa and Rappler have also reported on how social media is used to spread fake news, harass opponents, and manipulate public discourse. Ressa, only the 18th woman to win the Peace Prize in its 120-year history, expressed gratitude for the recognition on Rappler's Facebook Live platform, acknowledging the challenges faced by journalists today. Muratov, who has defended freedom of speech in Russia for decades, faced increased pressure from the Kremlin following news of the award, with nine journalists and activists labeled as "foreign agents." Despite facing harassment, threats, and violence, Muratov has continued to lead independent newspaper Novaya Gazeta, which he co-founded in 1993. Since the beginning, the newspaper has faced tragic losses with six journalists being killed, including Anna Politkovskaya who wrote about the Chechnya war. Despite these challenges, editor-in-chief Muratov has remained steadfast in upholding the newspaper's independent stance. He has consistently supported journalists' rights to write freely while adhering to professional and ethical standards. While many were hoping for opposition leader Alexei Navalny to win the prize, Muratov expressed surprise at receiving it and stated that he would have given it to Navalny. He received a last-minute heads-up about the announcement after ignoring calls from Norway due to being engaged in a discussion with one of his journalists. He mentioned that he planned to donate a portion of the prize money to support the fight against spinal muscular atrophy, a cause he has long supported, and to help journalism resist pressure from Russian authorities. Muratov stated in a radio interview on Friday that the battle against the media is ultimately a battle against the people. This marked only the third instance in the 120-year history of the award when journalists were recognized for their efforts towards peace. The previous winners were Ernesto Moneta in 1907, an Italian newspaper editor and peace movement leader, and Carl von Ossietzky in 1935, a German journalist, pacifist, and anti-Nazi activist who was imprisoned by Hitler. The Nobel committee selected from a pool of 329 candidates, which was one of the largest ever considered. Among the favorites were climate-change activists, political dissidents, and scientists who contributed to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The committee emphasized the importance of free and independent journalism in preventing abuse of power, spreading lies, and promoting peace. They stated that without freedom of expression and the press, it would be challenging to achieve global unity, disarmament, and a better world order. | 2 |
The October issue of GQ features Paul McCartney, who usually relies on familiar Beatles stories that are decades old. However, in this issue, he appears more unprepared and less concerned about his public image. In several lengthy conversations, he shared personal anecdotes, including one about the Beatles' teenage sexual experiences. This unexpected openness was both appealing to readers and fans, as well as a welcome change for McCartney himself, who has been famous for so long that he is seen more as a figure than a person. This level of honesty required being willing to answer questions and engage in a give-and-take that comes with such a high-profile profile. Not all major stories require this level of transparency, as seen in the September issue of Vogue featuring Beyoncé on the cover. The article titled "Beyoncé in Her Own Words" is not a profile, but rather a collection of brief commentaries on various topics such as motherhood, family, body acceptance, and touring. Anna Wintour describes it as a "powerful essay" written by Beyoncé herself, suggesting that this is a positive aspect. While there was a journalist involved in the process, the piece ultimately lacks outside perspectives, with only a "as told to" credit at the end. This erasure of outside perspectives may not be a concern for Beyoncé fans, but it raises questions for those interested in celebrity journalism, which typically thrives on the interaction between interviewer and interviewee. It is not a rare occurrence. In the world of pop music, many well-known artists avoid the press. Taylor Swift has not done a substantial interview or been featured in a print publication for at least two years. Drake has been avoiding the press for about a year, and Frank Ocean has essentially disappeared. Instead of traditional media coverage, artists are now relying on one-way communication through social media. A monologue, rather than a dialogue, is changing the role of celebrity press. In-depth interviews have been important for creating stars since the 1960s and for maintaining their image, as artists continued to engage with the media even after reaching the height of fame. Answering questions was seen as part of the job, allowing cultural icons like John Lennon, Tupac Shakur, and Courtney Love to explain themselves in times of significance. It used to be enlightening for fans and a source of pride for celebrities, especially when facing tough interviews. Stars like Ice Cube and Madonna thrived in these situations, showing themselves to be thoughtful, unafraid of challenges, and aware of their public image. However, this was during a time when print media had more power and before the internet and TMZ took control of the narrative. As celebrities started being scrutinized every minute, they became more guarded. While this shift doesn't necessarily mean the end of traditional celebrity journalism, it does mark a significant change in the industry. The pressure on celebrity journalism from higher-ups may not be as significant as the threat coming from below, as a new generation of celebrities are actively sharing their lives on social media without the need for traditional interviews. This generation values quick and direct communication, making the traditional approach of celebrity journalism, which focuses on personal perspectives and exclusive access, less relevant. This is exemplified by rapper Lil Xan, who has been sharing personal dramas online without waiting for traditional media to catch up. He recently announced a new project on Instagram, bypassing traditional platforms. In today's digital age, social media posts have replaced traditional tell-all interviews for celebrities. Platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat provide a one-sided narrative without much scrutiny beyond the comments section. This has created a highly visible safe space for young celebrities to connect with their audience directly, surpassing the reach of traditional publications. As a result, celebrity journalism faces an unsolvable conundrum as the most famous stars have abandoned it while the newly famous have grown up in an era where it is largely irrelevant. As time goes on, the middle ground may disappear completely. Additionally, the variety of content being produced has increased, making it challenging for consumers to distinguish between original journalism and branded content. This ambiguity pushes celebrities towards non-traditional media platforms where they have more control over the final product. With traditional media outlets dwindling, the new media landscape is often seen as a way to counteract or divert attention from this decline. For example, Selena Gomez is featured on the cover of Elle this month, with a relatively harmless accompanying story. But when it was posted online, she responded with a lengthy Instagram post expressing her frustration. She mentioned how difficult it is for her to speak candidly to someone who turns her thoughts into paid content, and expressed her desire for her voice to be truly her own as she gets older. She then outlined the topics she had hoped to emphasize in the interview, while criticizing the excessive focus on her personal life and church. As celebrities gain more power over the media, publications have been forced to find ways to maintain access by giving up some control. This has led to celebrities editing special issues of magazines. While Swift was featured on the cover of Harper's Bazaar this year, she took on the role of interviewer in the accompanying article, posing questions to rock muse Pattie Boyd. In a similar vein, Rihanna took her own photograph for the cover of The Fader in 2015, with the help of a professional photographer. This act served as a commentary on widespread fame and the cover star's ability to take her own image. If these methods are not feasible, magazines can opt to have a friend of the celebrity conduct the interview. In Elle magazine, Jennifer Lawrence interviewed Emma Stone, while Blake Lively conducted Gigi Hadid's interview for Harper's Bazaar May cover. Katy Perry's interview for the March Glamour cover was done by Instagram affirmation specialist Cleo Wade. The magazine Interview, known for its celebrity conversations, has recently been revived; in the latest issue, Raf Simons talks to George Condo (with a journalist occasionally chiming in) and Jennifer Jason Leigh speaks with Phoebe Cates. The friend being interviewed doesn't even have to be a famous celebrity. In a recent article in Rolling Stone, the author, who is a close friend of the typically private pop star Sia, discusses the trend of journalists using their personal connections to celebrities for interviews, such as the exclusive interview with Soon-Yi Previn conducted by a friend of Woody Allen. These articles rely on the idea of friendship to provide insight, rather than maintaining journalistic objectivity. The traditional role of the journalist as a proxy for the reader is often abandoned in favor of exclusive access, leading to ethical concerns. Friendship should not be a requirement, but rather a hindrance when it comes to interviews. This approach does a disservice to fans who would benefit from more challenging conversations rather than just agreeing with the interviewee. If journalists were able to have probing discussions with celebrities like Beyoncé about "Lemonade" or Taylor Swift about "Reputation," it would not only be enlightening for the public but also allow the interviewees to show their true complexities. Unfortunately, many celebrities have closed themselves off, missing out on the opportunity for deeper conversations. It is regretful that we will never know the answers to the unasked questions. Copyright 2018 New York Times News Service. | 2 |
The significant improvements in air and water quality due to coronavirus lockdowns reducing pollution have led to calls for a low-carbon future. However, the urgency to get millions back to work is complicating the environmental situation. As economies worldwide have closed down, wildlife has been observed returning to urban areas, with wolves, deer, and kangaroos seen on normally busy streets. Fish have been spotted in Venice canals that are no longer contaminated by motor boats, and residents in some Indian cities have reported seeing the Himalayas for the first time in years. Satellite images have revealed substantial improvements in air quality across Europe and Asia, including China, where the outbreak of the coronavirus originated. Yet, residents in some of China's most pollution-prone cities are concerned that the clear skies may not last once the world's second-largest economy resumes operations. Tang Zhiwei, a 27-year-old resident of Shanghai, mentioned that as the epidemic eases in the second half of the year and factories reopen, the weather will gradually worsen. He advised people to appreciate the blue sky while they can. Greta Thunberg emphasized that addressing the coronavirus does not mean the climate crisis has disappeared, urging action on both fronts simultaneously. UN chief Antonio Guterres called on governments to use their economic responses to the pandemic to also address the urgent issue of climate change on Earth Day. Amid a global divide between supporters of environmentally friendly stimulus measures and industry lobbyists pushing to relax climate regulations, Guterres advised governments against rescuing heavily polluting industries. Guterres emphasized the urgency of addressing the planet's environmental crisis on Earth Day, alongside the focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. According to Peter Betts, a former climate negotiator for Britain and the EU, there is now a push for economic stimulus packages in response to the coronavirus to prioritize low-carbon, climate-conscious measures. Betts warned that some governments may prioritize jumpstarting the economy and creating jobs over environmental concerns. US President Donald Trump considers it a top priority to revitalize America's oil and gas industry, ensuring jobs and financial stability for these important companies. Last year was the hottest on record in Europe, with rising environmental concerns due to increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. C3S director Carlo Buontempo stated to Reuters that the warming trend is now undeniable worldwide, leading to an increase in the frequency of record-breaking events. The head of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) predicted a 6% decrease in carbon dioxide emissions due to the coronavirus pandemic, the largest drop since World War Two. However, the WMO emphasized that this reduction will not halt climate change, stating that while COVID-19 may temporarily lower greenhouse gas emissions, it is not a replacement for ongoing climate action. Due to millions of people staying at home, air quality in China has gotten better. Emissions in Shanghai decreased by almost 20% in the first quarter, and in Wuhan, where the pandemic started, monthly averages dropped by over a third. However, experts are concerned that this decrease could lead China to ignore pollution in order to boost the economy, which experienced its first decline in the first quarter. | 2 |
The Norwegian politician who proposed WikiLeaks for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize stated that the organization has been nominated for the prestigious award. The Norwegian Nobel Committee accepts nominations until February 1, with panel members having until the end of the month to make their own proposals. Snorre Valen, a member of the Norwegian parliament, believes that WikiLeaks has played a significant role in promoting freedom of speech and transparency in the 21st century by exposing corruption, human rights violations, and war crimes. Those eligible to make nominations include members of national parliaments, law professors, political science professors, and previous Nobel Peace Prize winners. The committee chose not to make a statement regarding the WikiLeaks proposal or any other nominations. Washington is displeased with WikiLeaks and Julian Assange for leaking numerous confidential documents and diplomatic cables, which they believe have negatively affected US interests abroad, including peace efforts. Assange, an Australian, is facing extradition to Sweden from Britain for questioning in a sexual assault case that he and his supporters believe is a smear campaign aimed at shutting down WikiLeaks, a non-profit organization funded by the public and rights groups. Awarding WikiLeaks the Nobel Prize would likely lead to criticism of the Nobel Committee, which has faced controversy with its recent choices of jailed Chinese pro-democracy activist Liu Xiaobo and President Barack Obama shortly after his election. The definition of the Nobel Prize is being stretched, as it was established by Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite, who specified in his will that it should be given to those who have done the most for promoting peace and fraternity between nations. In recent years, the committee appointed by the Norwegian parliament has expanded the scope of Nobel's definition to include human rights, climate activism, and micro-financing, a move that has faced criticism from traditionalists of the Nobel Prize. Observers of the Nobel Prize believe that awarding a prize to WikiLeaks would underscore the increasing influence of specialized Internet platforms and social media in driving global change. Platforms like Twitter and YouTube have played crucial roles in mobilizing citizens in countries where the government tightly controls traditional media, as seen in Egypt's recent anti-government demonstrations. Kristian Berg Harpviken, from the PRIO peace think tank in Oslo, suggested that this year's Nobel Prize could focus on the innovative use of new technologies for promoting peace, and he predicted that a female recipient would be chosen after a series of male winners. Harpviken's top choice for the prize was the Russian human rights organization Memorial and its leader, Svetlana Gannushkina. | 2 |
Senior EU officials will be visiting Turkmenistan this week in order to promote collaboration with Central Asia, a region abundant in energy resources that is crucial to Europe's goal of diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on Russia. EU External Relations Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner, along with the French and Slovenian foreign ministers, will be meeting with their counterparts from Central Asia in Ashgabat on April 9-10 to discuss a range of issues, including energy and democracy. Despite being rich in oil and gas reserves, the region is known for its authoritarian governments and has faced criticism from the West regarding their human rights and democracy records. The European Union views Central Asia as a new energy source to help decrease dependence on Russia, which currently provides a quarter of the EU's energy needs. The EU stated that progress is being made in implementing its strategy, and that they are collaborating with partners in the region to outline future actions in joint priorities papers. The talks are expected to be held in private. Some activists and politicians have accused the West of prioritizing energy over democracy in their dealings with Central Asia, a claim that Western governments have refuted. Human Rights Watch in the U.S. has called on the EU to prioritize the promotion of human rights in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan in its regional policy. The organization emphasized that Central Asia is home to some of the most oppressive states from the former Soviet Union, and the EU should take advantage of the opportunity to bring about positive changes. Providing specific benchmarks will give the strategy a clear direction. Kazakhstan, as the region's largest economy with a stable investment climate, is the primary focus of Western attention. Despite attracting billions of dollars in investment, Turkmenistan has never had an election deemed free and fair by Western monitors. The country, which is slowly opening up after years of isolation, has indicated a desire for closer ties with the West and more reform. However, analysts are skeptical about the new president's commitment to real change. In contrast, Uzbekistan, previously criticized by the United States for human rights violations, received positive feedback from the West this year for releasing jailed activists and showing a greater willingness to address human rights concerns. Human Rights Watch acknowledged that some positive developments in the region are worthy of recognition and appreciation. However, they should not overshadow the widespread poor human rights conditions in each Central Asian country and throughout the region. | 2 |
In a statement, former Amazon employees Emily Cunningham and Maren Costa said the company has agreed to pay them back wages and must also post a notice to all tech and warehouse workers nationwide stating that Amazon cannot terminate employees for organizing and exercising their rights. The pair described the settlement as a victory for workers' rights. They claim they were fired last year for advocating for environmental issues and worker concerns. Amazon, on the other hand, maintains that the employees violated internal policies. Amazon spokesperson Jose Negrete stated that a mutual agreement has been reached to resolve the legal issues in the case. The settlement comes at a critical time for Amazon, as the company aims to hire a large number of corporate, tech, and warehouse workers in the United States. Cunningham and Costa, who were part of a group advocating for climate action within Amazon, formed the organization Amazon Employees for Climate Justice and garnered support from thousands of colleagues. Over time, Cunningham and Costa expanded their demonstrations. Following Amazon's notification that they had breached its rules regarding external communication by publicly discussing the company, their group mobilized 400 employees to do the same, intentionally breaking the policy to send a message. During the early stages of the pandemic, they arranged an internal event for warehouse workers to address tech employees about their safety concerns at work. Shortly after, both women were terminated by Amazon. Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren raised concerns about possible retaliation in a letter to Amazon, and Tim Bray, a prominent figure in internet history and former vice president at Amazon's cloud computing division, resigned in protest. This spring, attorneys from the National Labour Relations Board determined that Costa and Cunningham were fired as a result of their organizing efforts. The agency's Seattle office then filed a case against Amazon, alleging that the company had unfairly enforced certain policies to prevent employees from participating in protected activities. The hearing was set to begin on Tuesday, but was postponed as the parties negotiated a settlement. This is just one of several disputes Amazon has had with the labour board during the pandemic. In a notable case in August, a hearing officer recommended that the NLRB invalidate a union election at an Amazon warehouse in Alabama due to the company's actions interfering with the fairness of the election. Amazon denies any wrongdoing and plans to appeal if the regional office of the labour board agrees with the recommendation to overturn the election that rejected the union. | 2 |
The International Monetary Fund's largest-ever distribution of monetary reserves will offer more liquidity for the global economy, supporting member countries' foreign exchange reserves and decreasing their reliance on costly domestic or external debt, according to Georgieva. She believes that this allocation is a significant boost for the world and, if used wisely, a chance to combat the current crisis effectively. The IMF stated that countries can use the SDR allocation to strengthen their economies and increase their efforts against the pandemic, but they should not use the fiscal space to postpone necessary economic changes or debt restructuring. IMF member countries will receive SDRs in line with their current quota shareholdings in the fund, which are backed by dollars, euros, yen, sterling, and yuan. Georgieva mentioned that approximately $275 billion of the allocation will be given to emerging market and developing countries, with around $21 billion going to low-income countries. Georgieva stated that the IMF is urging wealthy countries receiving SDRs to transfer them to poorer countries in need. One suggestion is for richer countries to contribute SDRs to the IMF's Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust for low-income nations. The IMF is also exploring the creation of a Resilience and Sustainability Trust to utilize SDRs for vulnerable countries facing climate change and structural challenges. Additionally, there is a possibility of directing SDRs towards supporting lending by multilateral development banks. The last SDR distribution by the IMF occurred in 2009 during the global financial crisis, providing member countries with $250 billion in SDR reserves. In order for countries to use their Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), they would need to trade them for actual hard currencies by finding another country willing to make the exchange. | 2 |
A politician from the ruling party in Malaysia has proposed that an electoral reform activist be executed. Mock funeral ceremonies were conducted outside the residence of an opposition state leader. Eggs and rocks were thrown at a political rally. Malaysia has a history of political scandals and mudslinging, but the recent increase in aggressive language and violence, particularly towards the political opposition, has surprised even experienced observers as the country approaches its upcoming highly contested election in April. Lim Guan Eng, the Chinese chief minister of Penang state and a prominent figure in Malaysia's opposition, expressed concern that the upcoming election would be marked by extreme dirtiness and violence. In May, members of Perkasa, a group advocating for ethnic Malay rights with ties to the ruling party, performed a funeral ritual outside Lim's home by placing a flower garland around his photo, which his supporters interpreted as a threat on his life. This political tension is occurring as Malaysia's ruling coalition, which has been in power since 1957, is facing challenges in improving upon its poor electoral performance in 2008. This performance resulted in the opposition gaining control of five state governments and the removal of then prime minister Abdullah Badawi. According to a source within the dominant United Malays National Organization (UMNO), recent internal polling has shown that the coalition is struggling to regain its two-thirds share and may even be in danger of losing its simple majority. The polls indicate that the coalition is at risk of losing more states and is facing a closer race in southern Johor state, which has traditionally been a stronghold for UMNO, due to decreasing support from ethnic Chinese. The source from UMNO expressed concern about the potential impact of these results, stating that it would be a significant setback. The delay in holding elections is reportedly due to these findings. Independent polls from the Merdeka Centre show that while Prime Minister Najib Razak has a strong approval rating of around 65 percent, his coalition is much less popular, polling at approximately 48 percent. Najib has delayed calling for the election, which must be held by next April, indicating his lack of confidence in surpassing the performance of 2008. Ooi Kee Beng, deputy director of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore, stated that UMNO is aware that their grasp on power is not guaranteed. He also mentioned that there is a possibility of change occurring for the first time since 1969, which could lead to more drastic actions being taken. The country in Southeast Asia experienced race riots in 1969 after significant election gains by ethnic Chinese, resulting in the current system of economic privileges for majority ethnic Malays over Chinese and Indian minorities. Relentless hate speech has been directed at leading electoral reform campaigner Ambiga Sreenevasan, prompting the opposition to file a police report against UMNO lawmaker Mohamad Aziz. Aziz had questioned in parliament whether Sreenevasan should be hanged for treason, but later retracted his statement. Despite this, he faced no disciplinary action from his party. Sreenevasan, who received an International Woman of Courage award, has reported receiving death threats and has taken measures to ensure her safety, including hiring a bodyguard and installing security cameras at her home in Kuala Lumpur. The ethnic Indian activist has also been targeted by calls for her Malaysian citizenship to be revoked and has been labeled the "anti-Christ" by the right-wing Perkasa group. Sreenevasan expressed her disappointment at the continuous hate speech and lack of action from leadership. Following her leadership in a protest for electoral reforms in Kuala Lumpur, former soldiers and market traders protested outside her house, claiming a loss of earnings from the demonstration. Some even performed daily "exercises" by pointing their buttocks towards her house in a disrespectful manner. People who know Najib well say he is a polite man who avoids dirty politics. However, critics argue that his reluctance to strongly condemn acts of violence and intimidation has emboldened extremists. Following a controversial comment in parliament, he cautioned coalition MPs against making statements that could offend other races or parties within the coalition. Malaysia's Home Minister, Hishamuddin Hussein, acknowledged the prevalence of political intimidation in the current politically charged environment. Lim, a member of the opposition who was detained for 18 months under the now-repealed Internal Security Act and spent another year in prison for sedition, believes that the government's support for such acts has surpassed mere approval. He accused Barisan Nasional of endorsing and encouraging these actions. Anwar Ibrahim, the opposition's leader who was imprisoned on charges of sodomy and corruption that he claims were fabricated, blamed UMNO for an incident in February where his car was attacked by a group of youths in Johor state. Anwar's daughter, opposition MP Nurul Izzah Anwar, reported that a rally in her constituency in May was disrupted by men throwing rocks, water bottles, and eggs, leading to several injuries. This was just one of many opposition gatherings that have been disturbed, sometimes violently, in recent months. The responsible parties for the attacks are unknown, however, opposition leaders are expressing frustration that the police have not been able to apprehend the perpetrators or promptly address the violence. | 2 |
Chief adviser Fakhruddin Ahmed urged people to conserve energy and reduce wastage of gas and electricity in order to bridge the gap between demand and supply. Speaking at a workshop and exhibition on "Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Programmes" at Dhaka Sheraton Hotel, Fakhruddin highlighted the importance of using energy-efficient lights, implementing energy-saving technology in industries, and harnessing renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. He noted that the promotion of energy conservation and renewable energy technology has become a worldwide trend due to the significant increase in petroleum prices. Fakhruddin emphasized the growing awareness of the effects of climate change and the depletion of natural resources globally, stating that Bangladesh is not exempt from this trend. The CA announced that the government is working on a draft of the Energy Conservation Act, which will include provisions in the building code to promote energy efficiency and conservation in buildings. These provisions will cover shading from sunlight, use of energy-efficient air-conditioning, insulation materials, energy-efficient lighting, and installation of energy-efficient appliances. The government has been offering financial and technical support for the expansion of solar home systems through implementing agencies and has reduced import duty on solar panels from 5 percent to 3 percent. The focus is now shifting towards other applications of solar energy, such as water heating, water pumping for irrigation, and street lighting, according to Fakhruddin. The CA mentioned that the government is interested in promoting private investments in the economy and encouraging public-private partnerships in the energy sector. They are also looking into implementing policies for private sector installation of merchant power plants, which would allow small power plants, captive power plants, and merchant power plants to sell power to their preferred customers. The Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission will be responsible for overseeing this issue. Fakhruddin expressed hope that the workshop would generate new ideas for promoting energy conservation and the use of renewable energy in the country. | 2 |
The world's oldest and longest-serving monarch spent a night in the hospital on Wednesday but returned to Windsor Castle the next day, with officials stating she was feeling well and back to work. The queen had been advised by medical staff to rest for a few days, prompting her hospital visit, but her condition was not related to COVID-19. The palace confirmed on Thursday that she was in good spirits and back at work. Details on her medical issue were not disclosed, causing some to question if the full story was being shared. Prime Minister Boris Johnson sent his well wishes and noted that the queen had returned to her duties. Johnson informed reporters that Queen Elizabeth is back at work at her desk in Windsor, as per a royal source. The source explained that the queen had stayed at the King Edward VII hospital in London for practical reasons and her medical team had taken a cautious approach. Now, she is resting and performing light official duties. Despite being queen of 15 other realms, she returned to work on Thursday afternoon and is handling some light tasks. Elizabeth, who became queen during a time of significant change in Britain, has symbolized stability for generations of British people, helping to maintain the popularity of the monarchy. Her quiet and dedicated commitment to her duties, even in her old age, has earned her respect in Britain and around the world, even from those who want to abolish the monarchy. Elizabeth recently hosted a drinks reception for billionaire business leaders, including Bill Gates, at Windsor Castle, following a green investment conference organized by Prime Minister Boris Johnson before the COP26 climate summit. She was joined by her son, Prince Charles, and grandson, Prince William, as they greeted guests like US climate envoy John Kerry without wearing masks. The queen, dressed in a teal skirt and jacket with pearls, was photographed chatting and smiling with guests, including Johnson. Despite her advancing age, she remains in good health as she approaches her 70th year as queen. The last time she is believed to have stayed overnight in a hospital was in 2013 due to symptoms of gastroenteritis. In 2018, she had a successful surgery for an eye cataract and in 2003 for her knee. Royal officials typically avoid discussing her health issues. Her husband, Prince Philip, passed away in April at the age of 99, but she continues to fulfill her official duties, though she has delegated more tasks to Charles and other family members due to her age. Recently, she was seen using a walking stick in public for the first time, aside from after her knee surgery. She not only suffered the loss of her husband, whom she called her source of support, but also faced the resignation of her second son Prince Andrew from royal duties due to his association with Jeffrey Epstein, a convicted sex offender who died in jail in 2019. Additionally, her grandson Prince Harry and his wife Meghan have distanced themselves from the royal family and moved to Los Angeles, where they have criticized Buckingham Palace. Queen Elizabeth's upcoming significant event is at the end of the month when she will host world leaders at the opening of COP26 in Glasgow. | 2 |
According to the United Nations, investing in energy efficiency for power plants, buildings, and cars is the most effective way to combat global warming. The UN report, presented to a meeting in Vienna with delegates from 158 nations, also stated that curbing greenhouse gas emissions is more cost-effective in developing nations than in wealthy countries. The report estimated that the cost of reducing emissions to current levels by 2030 would be a small percentage of projected GDP or global investment flows. Yvo de Boer, head of the U.N. Climate Change Secretariat, emphasized that energy efficiency is the best short-term solution for reducing greenhouse gases. The 216-page report was released online recently. According to him, the report could provide guidance for governments meeting in Austria to develop a long-term strategy to combat global warming beyond the UN's Kyoto Protocol. The protocol requires 35 wealthy nations to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 2008-12. The report suggests that around $200 billion-$210 billion in additional investment and financial resources will be needed by 2030 to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions, including initiatives for energy supply, forestry, and transportation. Improving energy efficiency in power plants and implementing measures like increasing fuel efficiency in vehicles and enhancing building insulation could be beneficial. The study predicts a transition towards renewable energies like solar, hydropower, and some nuclear power. It also forecasts that investments in helping countries adapt to the impact of climate change will amount to tens of billions of dollars by 2030, including measures such as treating more cases of diseases like malaria and building dykes to protect coastlines from rising sea levels. The report suggests that carbon markets will need to be expanded significantly to meet the demand for additional investments and financial resources. Currently, companies are responsible for around 60 percent of global investments. Experts believe that this report is the first to offer a comprehensive overview of the required investments for a single year, specifically 2030. The report adds information that was missing from previous reports, such as one by former World Bank chief economist Nicholas Stern who argued that it would be more economical to address climate change now rather than waiting to deal with the consequences. Recent U.N. reports have also predicted that global warming will lead to more extreme weather events, health problems, disruptions in agriculture, and rising sea levels. De Boer emphasized the importance of increasing investments in developing countries, stating that the majority of cost-effective opportunities are found there. However, he also noted that this does not mean that wealthy nations should only invest abroad and neglect their own countries, as more than half of the necessary energy investment is needed in developing nations. China is building two new coal-fired power plants every week to support its expanding economy. The speaker suggested that investing in cleaner technology, like filtering and burying carbon emissions, could be beneficial. | 2 |
After a century of unfulfilled promises, a paved road connecting Kenya to Ethiopia is finally becoming a reality in a remote desert region. Chinese road engineers are working on replacing a challenging rock track with tarmac, starting with the first kilometers of the 530-km route from Isiolo to Moyale. This road is part of the Great North Road, originally envisioned by the British to link Cape Town to Cairo. While previous attempts by Britain and Kenyan governments fell short, China is now taking the lead in constructing a vital trade route that will open up the long-isolated northern region of Kenya. This collaboration between China and Kenya reflects a growing trend in Africa, where China's quest for resources and economic opportunities aligns with the development goals of African nations. The construction of a new road in a beautiful but previously impoverished area could bring about real economic benefits through increased tourism and trade. The project manager of China Wu Yi (Kenya) Co., Wu Yi Bao, believes that the completion of the road will lead to more trade and tourism in the region. The road is being built with funding from the African Development Bank and the Kenyan government, and is expected to significantly boost trade between Kenya and Ethiopia along that corridor. Last year, trade between China and Kenya reached $959 million, showing a significant increase from previous years. The Cape-to-Cairo road stops abruptly at the end of Isiolo, marking the border between the two Kenyas. Residents of this bustling border town feel disconnected from the rest of the country, with many saying they are not part of Kenya. Hussein Sasura, assistant minister for Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands, explains that people in the north often feel excluded from the country. The revitalization of the road is expected to bring in more tourists and boost economic opportunities for the locals. However, there are some individuals who are skeptical of China's intentions, reflecting the mixed feelings many Africans have towards the Asian giant's investment efforts. In certain African countries, such as Zambia, there are complaints that China is essentially engaging in a form of modern colonization by exploiting Africa's resources and flooding the market with cheap goods. Despite these concerns, China refutes these claims and emphasizes its longstanding 50-year history of trade and collaboration with Kenya. In the case of Kenya, the Chinese are particularly interested in reconstructing the initial segment of the Isiolo-Moyale road in order to transport heavy machinery to Merti, located approximately 80 km (50 miles) east of the current construction site. Additionally, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and Sweden's Lundin Petroleum AB are conducting seismic tests in Merti as part of preparations for oil drilling operations slated for next year. Residents in Isiolo have harbored doubts about oil exploration ever since a failed attempt in the 1980s under suspicious circumstances. Recent incidents, such as the shooting of a Chinese engineer by bandits near the Merille River on April 21, have added to the growing resentment. According to tribal elders, the engineer was targeted due to a perceived lack of local employment opportunities provided by the Chinese. Wu, the project manager, stated that the majority of the workforce, about 150 out of 200 people, were Kenyan, and all the day laborers were from the local community. Following the shooting incident, the Kenyan government deployed its elite paramilitary General Service Unit to the Merille River area in order to disarm young people and establish a security presence. The construction of a road is seen as a potential lifeline for northern Kenya, potentially ending years of neglect. During colonial times, Isiolo was considered a remote outpost on the edge of the Northern Frontier District, which covered a large portion of Kenya from Uganda and Sudan to Ethiopia and Somalia. George Cardovillis, a Kenyan with Greek heritage, mentioned that in the past, Europeans were not permitted to reside in Isiolo due to its dangerous conditions and harsh climate. The government instructed them to continue their journey over 600 km south to Maralal. From Isiolo to Ethiopia, the landscape remains unchanged with desolate stretches of black volcanic stones and reddish sands, much like when Cardovillis' ancestors traveled south in a donkey train. The sun still beats down with intense heat, and mountains can be seen in the distance. Water is hard to come by in this harsh environment. Electricity, telephone lines, and other services are scarce in this area. Despite the lack of infrastructure, Kenya's unspoiled national parks remain largely untouched due to their remote location. Just 50 km beyond Isiolo are three game reserves that offer a similar experience to the popular Maasai Mara in terms of animal sightings. Joy Adamson, the author of "Born Free," lived in this area and raised leopards until her tragic death. Jayne Nguatah, the manager of Sarova Shaba lodge in Shaba park, believes that tourism in the area will increase once the road is completed. The Sarova Shaba will be a Christmas present for us. Situated on the Ewaso Nyiro river, crocodiles feed and local herdsmen water their animals. Monkeys and baboons wander around the main lodge, which resembles a treehouse and is built over a natural spring. However, developing a sustainable tourism industry in northern Kenya faces challenges beyond just infrastructure. Banditry and tribal conflicts are frequent due to the influx of weapons from historical and ongoing conflicts in neighboring countries like Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda. Security forces are stretched thin as nomadic herders continue to search for pasture and water for their animals. Some herders now carry modern assault rifles, while others still use colonial-era weapons. Despite Chinese development projects in Isiolo, there are doubts that the road will reach Moyale to the north. Plans to extend the road beyond the current Chinese project are still in the planning stages. Trader Gumucha Gisiko expressed skepticism about the promised road, stating that for 45 years they have been told about it. He waved his hand dismissively and emphasized the importance of seeing it to truly believe it. | 2 |
Preliminary results indicated that the Christian Social Union (CSU) garnered 37.3 percent of the vote, marking only the second time since 1962 that the party lost its absolute majority. This outcome is expected to spark internal conflicts within the conservative party, which has already proven to be a challenging partner for Merkel in Berlin. Bavarian premier Markus Soeder acknowledged the disappointing result, stating that it was not an easy day for the CSU. Despite this setback, Soeder expressed a desire to establish a stable government promptly. The election results placed the pro-immigration Greens in second place and allowed the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) to secure seats in the state assembly for the first time. As a result, the CSU will need to form a coalition, a significant blow for a party accustomed to governing independently. The Greens, who saw their share of the vote more than double to 17.8 percent, gained support from liberal CSU voters and traditional Social Democrats (SPD) supporters, who only received 9.5 percent. Fred Kempe, president of the Atlantic Council think-tank in Washington, described the election results in Bavaria as a political earthquake with potential repercussions in Berlin. SPD leader Andrea Nahles criticized the federal government's poor performance, hinting at the need for change. This outcome is seen as a challenge to Merkel's leadership. Horst Seehofer, the leader of the CSU, has been a source of conflict for Merkel since her decision in 2015 to allow over 1 million migrants into Germany. He has shifted his party further to the right in an unsuccessful attempt to combat the rise of the AfD. According to political scientist Michael Weigl, Seehofer's personal attacks on Merkel and his harsh rhetoric towards asylum seekers contributed to the poor performance of the CSU in the Bavarian state election. Weigl believes that this strategy created a divisive political environment in which the Greens and the AfD thrived due to their clear positions on immigration. Ultimately, this approach backfired for the CSU. When asked if he would step down as CSU leader, Seehofer stated to broadcaster ZDF that he was considering it, but there were multiple factors contributing to the party's poor performance that needed to be examined. The AfD received 10.7 percent of the vote, according to preliminary results. The Free Voters, a protest party that could potentially form a coalition with the CSU, won 11.6 percent. The CSU has ruled out forming an alliance with the AfD. Tensions between Merkel's Christian Democratic Union and the CSU have increased since the two parties were forced into a coalition with the Social Democrats after the inconclusive national election in March. The Bavarian election will be followed by another test for Merkel's conservative alliance, the Union, in two weeks when the CDU is expected to experience a decrease in votes in the Hesse election. Merkel will seek re-election as party chairwoman at the CDU's annual congress in December, despite facing challenges from within her party. The German Marshall Fund of the United States think-tank described Merkel as "exhausted and weakened" due to recent challenges faced by her government. He stated that despite previous doubts, her plan to maintain a neutral stance within the Union seems more sensible in light of the recent outcome for the CSU. The future success of this strategy will rely on the results in Hesse. | 2 |
The financial market upheaval caused by the hurricane has not had a significant impact on trade flows yet. The lack of regulation in the financial sector, which has been blamed for the recent crisis, is prompting calls for stronger trade rules to be established through a new trade agreement. China's deputy ambassador to the World Trade Organisation, Xiang Zhang, believes that concluding negotiations for a new trade deal would send a positive message to the global economy and business community. On the other hand, failing to reach an agreement after seven years of talks could result in a loss of confidence in business. WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy is still aiming to reach a preliminary deal on agriculture and industrial goods by the end of the year in the ongoing Doha round, despite a lack of progress in July. Both Lamy and EU trade chief Peter Mandelson expressed concern last week that the financial crisis could lead to an increase in protectionism, which would negatively impact economic growth. This makes it even more urgent to establish a new trade agreement to secure the benefits of globalization. The crisis may also divert the attention of world leaders away from trade issues. The potential approval of a $700 billion bailout for the U.S. financial industry could help alleviate some of these concerns. However, any trade deal would not be finalized until well into 2009 or 2010 at the earliest, and would not have an immediate impact on trade flows due to implementation periods of up to 5 years for rich countries and 17 years for developing nations. This delayed economic effect would also suggest that there would not be an immediate impact on financial markets, as changes in exchange rates or company earnings would only be seen later. Experts believe that reaching a deal would increase business confidence by demonstrating a reduction in barriers to business, a healthy world trading system, and the ability of the international community to collaborate on global issues. Current WTO agreements prevent countries from significantly increasing tariffs, according to Fredrik Erixon, who heads the Brussels trade policy think-tank ECIPE. He is optimistic that history will not repeat itself with a return to economic nationalism in response to a financial crisis. However, the likelihood of a new trade agreement expanding markets is uncertain given the current criticism of deregulation and liberalization, particularly from French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Finance Minister Peer Steinbrueck. This skepticism could hinder the liberalization of trade in financial services during negotiations. However, during a meeting in July, governments indicated a willingness to open up markets to various services despite the credit crunch not affecting negotiations on banking. John Cooke, the chairman of the Liberalisation of Trade in Services Committee, emphasized the distinction between market access in trade negotiations and financial contagion overseen by regulators. He stressed that as globalisation continues, with increased trade and investment, there will be more interdependencies between different economies, necessitating financing. Trade rounds not only focus on liberalising commerce but also on establishing fair rules for the international trading system. In the current Doha round, developing countries are pushing for a reduction in rich nations' agricultural subsidies, which artificially lower prices and harm farmers in poor countries. Munir Ahmed, secretary-general of the International Textiles and Clothing Bureau, likened these subsidies to short-selling in the financial market. He emphasized that a failed Doha round would result in missed opportunities to regulate various aspects of international trade. Ahmed, a former Pakistani ambassador to the WTO, highlighted the added urgency for a Doha deal in light of the financial crisis, which serves as a reminder that economic prosperity is not permanent. With the recent growth in business, many companies have not been pushing for trade rule reforms to prevent protectionism from resurging. As a result, there has been less aggressive lobbying for a deal compared to previous rounds, leading governments to feel less pressure to finalize an agreement. This could potentially result in the reversal of unilateral tariff and subsidy cuts that have been implemented. New Zealand's WTO ambassador, Crawford Falconer, believes that reducing entitlements is crucial to prevent regression in the financial world. He emphasizes the urgency of completing trade negotiations now more than ever. | 2 |
The government of Bangladesh and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have signed their first field-level agreement aimed at assisting vulnerable communities in coastal regions. The project, titled "Community-based Adaptation to Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation in Bangladesh", seeks to improve the resilience of coastal communities and protective ecosystems through community-led adaptation efforts. UNDP country director Stefan Priesner stated that climate change adaptation is a crucial challenge for Bangladesh, and this project will demonstrate effective strategies for vulnerable coastal communities. The project's goal is to improve the abilities of government authorities and planners at various levels to comprehend climate risks in coastal areas and execute suitable risk reduction strategies. It will be carried out in five coastal districts - Barguna, Patuakhali, Bhola, Noakhali, and Chittagong, and is intended to serve as a model for other least developed countries undertaking climate change adaptation initiatives. The project's outcomes will be showcased at the upcoming Climate Conference in Copenhagen in December. | 2 |
New genetic evidence suggests that Christopher Columbus may have introduced syphilis to Europe from the New World, according to US researchers. The study analyzed the genetic makeup of syphilis and found that its closest relative is a South American cousin that causes yaws. This finding has reignited a longstanding debate about the origins of the disease. Evolutionary biologist Kristin Harper from Emory University explained that while some believe syphilis is an ancient disease, their research indicates it was brought to the Old World from the New World relatively recently in human history. The study was published in the journal Public Library of Science Neglected Tropical Diseases. She stated that the research supports the "Columbian theory," which connects the first documented European syphilis outbreak in 1495 to the return of Columbus and his crew. Combining the genetic data with the Naples epidemic in 1495 provides strong backing for the Columbian hypothesis. Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria, begins as a sore and can progress to a rash, fever, and potentially lead to blindness, paralysis, and dementia. The most recent evidence of its origins comes from skeletal remains discovered in both the New World and the Old World. Chronic syphilis can cause distinct lesions on bones. During a telephone interview, Harper described the appearance of the bacteria as worm-eaten. She utilized phylogenetics to analyze the evolutionary relationships among 26 strains of Treponema, which are responsible for syphilis, bejel, and yaws. The study also involved sequencing two previously unsequenced strains of yaws from Guyana. Harper explained that they sequenced 21 regions in search of DNA variations among the strains. They reached the conclusion that although yaws is an ancient infection, venereal syphilis emerged relatively recently. Harper believes that a nonvenereal form of the tropical disease transformed into venereal syphilis that could thrive in the cooler European climate. However, the process of this transformation is not clear. "We can only confirm that the precursor of syphilis originated in the New World, but its exact characteristics remain unknown," she stated. In a commentary in the same journal, Connie Mulligan and colleagues from the University of Florida disagreed with Harper's interpretation, suggesting that her conclusions were overly reliant on genetic changes observed in the Guyana samples. Mulligan proposed that more accurate information could be obtained from DNA extracted from ancient bones or preserved tissues. Harper acknowledges that further research is necessary to fully understand how syphilis arrived in the New World. "This is a low-quality image," she stated. | 2 |
A rare meeting took place between Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and government minister Aung Kyi on Monday, signaling a potential improvement in relations between the Nobel Peace laureate and the new military-backed leadership. Suu Kyi, who was informed of the meeting just the day before, engaged in discussions with Aung Kyi for over an hour at a state guesthouse, marking the first known interaction between the two since the formation of the new civilian government. Both parties expressed satisfaction with the meeting in a joint statement, highlighting their positive dialogue on issues beneficial to the people of Myanmar. Despite previous encounters while Suu Kyi was under detention and Aung Kyi served as a liaison between her and the junta, Aung Kyi expressed a desire for continued dialogue with Suu Kyi, dismissing any notion that their past meetings were unproductive. Aung Kyi informed reporters that there were positive outcomes from previous meetings and they anticipate improved results from the current talks. He made a joint statement with Suu Kyi, emphasizing discussions on cooperation for the benefit of the people, specifically regarding the rule of law, unity, and public welfare. The establishment of a new government in April marked the end of nearly five decades of military rule in the country. Since being released from seven years of house arrest last November, Suu Kyi has been advocating for dialogue with the new rulers. Nyan Win, a spokesperson for the National League for Democracy (NLD), Suu Kyi's active but officially disbanded party, noted that there have been changes in the political climate and that the government's invitation to Suu Kyi is a sign of progress. Suu Kyi has been cautious in her approach towards the government since her release, refraining from criticizing the November 7 election which was widely seen as a sham to maintain the current regime in power under the guise of democracy. The government and military seem to have softened their stance towards Suu Kyi, occasionally criticizing her in state-controlled media but allowing her to travel and meet with diplomats, journalists, and supporters. Analysts believe that the government understands that taking action against Suu Kyi would provoke international backlash and hinder the possibility of Western sanctions being lifted in the near future. Having a dialogue with Suu Kyi could be a strategic move by Myanmar's secretive leaders, many of whom are ex-military officers, to demonstrate their willingness to engage with foreign governments. According to Christopher Roberts, a Southeast Asia expert at Australian National University, the meeting likely goes beyond just a public relations stunt. He believes it is part of a larger effort by the government to make gradual improvements, as Myanmar is working towards establishing a legitimate government and improving its international image. In addition to meeting with representatives from the US, Australia, and the UN, Myanmar has also allowed them to engage with Suu Kyi. Roberts stated that these actions will be taken as long as they do not compromise security or stability. | 2 |
His complete tweet stated that the recently established Disinformation Board should examine his tweet or consider creating a new board specifically for non sequiturs. He believes that discussing raising corporate taxes is acceptable and that discussing taming inflation is crucial, but combining the two topics is simply a distraction. Despite this, Bezos, the owner of The Washington Post, continued to express his discontent in a follow-up tweet on Sunday, as reported by the DealBook newsletter. He praised Joe Manchin, the moderate senator from West Virginia, for going against his own party on economic issues and stopping additional stimulus plans. Bezos commended Manchin for preventing the Democrats from making a mistake. This put Amazon in the middle of a political situation during a time when there was internal tension due to employee unionization efforts. Many executives have been trying to avoid getting involved in controversial debates to prevent any negative repercussions. Discussing tax issues with the government on social media could draw unwanted attention to Amazon's tax practices, as the company reported a significant amount of pretax income in 2021 but claimed to owe a relatively small amount in federal taxes. The tax rate for Amazon is 6 percent, which is much lower than what corporations and workers typically pay. President Biden criticized Amazon for this low rate and mentioned plans to increase rates and close tax loopholes. Amazon did not comment on this issue. Disney recently lost its special tax status in Florida due to their opposition to a law restricting gender identity discussions in schools. Republican lawmakers are now considering punitive legislation for politically active businesses. Executives must navigate this delicate balance. A lot of workers, shareholders, and customers are calling for corporations to take a stand on political issues, and this pressure may grow as abortion rights become a prominent topic in upcoming elections. Amazon's current CEO, Andy Jassy, is likely trying to avoid getting involved in this controversy. Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk both make efforts to appease the government, despite publicly criticizing the Biden administration. Bezos' Blue Origin and Musk's SpaceX invest a significant amount of resources in lobbying officials for space exploration funding and NASA contracts. Senator Bernie Sanders has accused the two billionaires of treating NASA as a source of easy money. He posted a message to Bezos on Twitter on Saturday regarding Amazon's labor problems and increasing profits, accusing the company of spreading misinformation and mistreating workers. He criticized Amazon for blaming price increases on inflation while making huge profits and avoiding taxes. | 2 |
Alibaba has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 for its direct emissions (scope 1) and indirect emissions (scope 2) related to electricity and heating. The company also aims to reduce the carbon intensity of its wider value chain emissions (scope 3) by 50% by 2030. Additionally, Alibaba has pledged to decrease overall CO2 emissions across all its businesses by 1.5 gigatonnes by 2035. To reach these targets, Alibaba plans to implement new energy-saving technologies, increase the use of renewables, and explore carbon removal initiatives. The company's CEO, Daniel Zhang, also emphasized the importance of encouraging actions and behavioral changes among consumers, merchants, and partners globally. President Xi Jinping's announcement last year set a goal for China to achieve carbon neutrality by around 2060. This has prompted the country's large corporations to develop their own plans to reach "net zero". However, many of China's tech companies still heavily rely on the coal-dominated energy system, with only a few committed to transitioning to renewable energy sources. According to a report by Greenpeace, Tencent Holdings was ranked as the top Chinese cloud service provider in terms of obtaining renewable energy and reducing emissions, followed by Huawei Technologies, Baidu Inc, and Alibaba. | 2 |
At the age of 12, she used her mother's credit card to purchase a $29 Kylie Lip Kit in Candy K, which included a matte pink liquid lipstick and matching lip liner. Kylie Jenner's first makeup product was in such high demand that it sold out within seconds of its release in 2015, causing the website to crash. This sudden success catapulted the youngest Kardashian-Jenner sibling to the status of beauty mogul at the age of 18. The Lip Kits became extremely popular, with demand even reaching the New York City bar and bat mitzvah circuit, where emcees would throw the products into a crowd of dancing tweens in bandage dresses. Five years in the future, the global beauty market is flourishing with celebrities promoting various beauty products such as lip gloss, face lotion, and even vibrators. Sales in this market last year amounted to nearly $500 billion according to Euromonitor. New beauty lines are constantly being released, including Harry Styles’ Pleasing nail polish, Machine Gun Kelly’s UN/DN LAQR nail polish with paint splatter shades, and makeup lines by Ariana Grande and Chiara Ferragni, each with their own unique themes. Billie Eilish and Addison Rae have launched perfumes, Lori Harvey has released a skin care collection called SKN by LH, and Demi Lovato has introduced the Demi Wand, an eight-speed vibrator created with Bellesa, a website catering to female pornography viewers. Hailey Bieber has announced that her Rhode Beauty line will be available for purchase next year, with Rhode being her middle name. The situation is beginning to seem like a parody. When the Alex Rodriguez concealer for men, a product created with Hims & Hers, was released in May and gained attention in celebrity news outlets like The Shade Room, many people thought it was a joke. Dua expressed skepticism, stating that she does not trust celebrity beauty brands. According to research by Hana Ben-Shabat, founder of Gen Z Planet, many of Dua's peers feel the same way. Ben-Shabat's findings show that only 19% of Gen Zers are influenced by celebrities when making purchasing decisions, compared to 66% who are influenced by their friends. Stacey Berke, a 34-year-old addiction counselor from Rochester, New York, noted that celebrities often promote their own skincare products by claiming that they do not use Botox, attributing their appearance solely to their own products. "It becomes difficult to believe." The traditional method of having celebrities endorse products is no longer sufficient. Consumers now seek reassurance that there is expertise or at least a genuine interest in the product being promoted. According to trend forecaster Lucie Greene, the transactional nature of celebrity endorsements is becoming more apparent, and consumers are skeptical of endorsements that lack authenticity. Additionally, the public is aware that many celebrities undergo cosmetic procedures to maintain their appearance, leading to doubts about the effectiveness of certain products. Richard Gersten, an investor and founder of True Beauty Ventures, cautioned that transitioning from making money by promoting others' brands to creating one's own brand may not always be the best motivation. He mentioned that their firm has been approached by at least 10 celebrity or influencer brands recently. Rachel ten Brink, a general partner of Red Bike Capital and founder of Scentbird, noted that in the past, fans could only access celebrities' private lives through their perfume, but now social media allows for real-time access to their food, fashion, opinions, and personal moments. This has redefined how the public connects with celebrities. According to ten Brink, owning a product endorsed by a celebrity on social media allows you to connect with them in a unique way. After the popularity of celebrity fragrances in the early 2000s, Kylie Cosmetics introduced a new type of celebrity brand that focused on selling makeup and skincare online. Jenner revolutionized the marketing and selling of brands, which had previously been done at department store counters or Sephora. A single Instagram post from Jenner could generate millions in lipstick sales. Then, in 2017, Rihanna's Fenty Beauty changed the beauty industry by promoting inclusivity, expanding shade ranges, and sparking conversations about race. In its first full year, the label produced more than $500 million in revenue, according to LVMH, the French luxury group and co-owner of Fenty Beauty. Goop, founded by Gwyneth Paltrow, has established itself as a lifestyle brand over the past decade, selling skin care, supplements, bath salts, and athleisure. Many have tried to imitate these successful business models, but some industry insiders, like John Demsey, executive group president of the Estée Lauder Cos, remain skeptical of brands with famous founders. He has collaborated with many celebrities, but he stated that there will not be a brand solely focused on one celebrity. On December 1, MAC, known for its collaborations with A-listers like Mary J Blige, Rihanna, Lady Gaga, and Mariah Carey, released a new Viva Glam lipstick without a celebrity for the first time in 27 years. Demsey explained that the decision felt right at this time, with red, blue, and yellow lipsticks featuring Keith Haring designs on the tubes. The focus was on the product and brand essence. Collaborations represent a moment, while a brand is long-lasting. The majority of celebrity beauty brands are not successful. Everyone who was interviewed for this article, ranging from executives at large companies to high school students, was requested to identify one to three successful celebrity beauty brands other than Kylie Cosmetics, Fenty, and Goop. However, none were able to do so. John Demsey remarked that simply relying on influence is not sufficient, even if one has millions of followers on platforms like Instagram or TikTok. In June, Vanessa Hudgens (with 43 million Instagram followers) and Madison Beer (with 29 million Instagram followers) launched Know Beauty, a skincare line that offers a personalized regimen based on a DNA test from a cheek swab. Know Beauty made a big entrance when it first launched, but has not been very active lately. However, their products are still available for purchase on their website. Lady Gaga's Haus Laboratories, which was launched with great excitement two years ago, did not resonate with her dedicated fan base. This year, the brand has hired a new executive team to concentrate on improving their products, ingredients, and packaging. Their latest Casa Gaga collection has a different aesthetic from the original black packaging. Lipsticks, highlighters, blush, and other beauty products are now being packaged in white compacts and tubes with gold accents. Haus Laboratories did not provide a comment on their business. Other notable incidents include Tati Westbrook closing Tati Beauty in November and Rflct, a skin care brand by Rachell Hofstetter, shutting down after two weeks due to unfounded anti-blue-light claims. It is not widely known that a few companies are behind many of the popular celebrity beauty lines on the market. These companies, known as brand factories or "incubators," are experts at quickly creating multiple beauty labels simultaneously. They are either created in collaboration with a celebrity or designed with the goal of partnering with a celebrity later on. For instance, Beach House Group is responsible for Millie Bobby Brown's Florence by Mills, Kendall Jenner's Moon oral care line, and Tracee Ellis Ross' Pattern hair care. Forma Brands, which owns Morphe, is the force behind Jaclyn Cosmetics and Grande's R E M Beauty. Maesa has developed Drew Barrymore's Flower Beauty, Kristin Ess Hair, Taraji P Henson's TPH by Taraji hair care, and Jada Pinkett Smith's Hey Humans personal care line. According to experts, most brands created by these companies are not meant to last long-term, but Pattern, by Ross, seems to be thriving and could outlast many of its competitors. Greg Portell, a partner at the Kearney consulting firm, explained that incubators are designed to quickly produce results rather than focus on building a brand. Shaun Neff, a founder of Beach House Group, mentioned that his team develops ideas for new companies and then partners with celebrities. Neff specifically mentioned Kendall Jenner, citing her popularity and style as reasons for choosing her to co-create products like the Kendall Jenner Teeth Whitening Pen and promote the Moon oral care brand. The decrease in popularity of celebrity brands is also influenced by changing cultural values. Older customers are more likely to be attracted by celebrities, but it is more difficult to attract young millennials and Gen Zers who value authenticity. Dua expressed doubt about the skin care knowledge of Brown, the 17-year-old star of "Stranger Things," whose line was released when she was only 15: "I don't really trust it because what expertise do they have?" Additionally, young people believe that wearing someone else's makeup goes against self-expression, which is a key value for their generation. "They do not want to mimic anyone, not even a celebrity," ten Brink explained. | 2 |
Kasim Reed, the former mayor of Atlanta who faced scandals in 2018, has reemerged as a top contender for a third term, focusing on addressing the rise in violent crime in the city. He believes his experience and track record make him the best candidate to tackle this issue, emphasizing public safety as his top priority. Reed's approach to strengthening law enforcement aligns with the calls for cultural change in policing, similar to moderate Democrats like Eric Adams. As part of his campaign, Reed has pledged to add 750 officers to the Atlanta police force. In a recent television ad, he mentioned that they will be training in a different way after the George Floyd incident. Most of Reed's opponents in the nonpartisan race are Democrats and are also sharing a similar message, which is not the same as the defund-the-police movement from progressive activists during the protests of 2020. Reed's performance in the upcoming elections might show how much voters are willing to overlook in politicians as long as they promise some peace and order. During his time in office, Reed was known for his aggressive style, which some called bullying, and was involved in scandals such as kickbacks, theft of public funds, and weapons violations. Felicia Moore, a top rival for mayor, is urging voters to consider the corruption cases linked to Reed's administration. "The leadership should be held accountable for the actions of their administration," she stated. "He was the person in charge of that organization." However, in Atlanta, crime has become a major issue. The number of homicides investigated by Atlanta police jumped from 99 in 2019 to 157 in 2020, a year that saw the largest one-year increase in homicides in the US. This year, Atlanta is on track to have an even worse situation. Some of the homicides that have occurred in the past year have shocked residents, such as the killing of an 8-year-old girl in a car with her mother last summer, and the kidnapping and murder of a 27-year-old bartender last month. A 40-year-old woman and her dog were brutally murdered while taking a late-night walk near Piedmont Park in July. The incidents of violent crimes in Atlanta are becoming more frequent and are occurring at all times of the day, according to mayoral candidate Sharon Gay, who herself was mugged in Inman Park 18 months ago. The violence in the city has also become a political issue, with Georgia Republicans using it as a campaign point, even though violent crime rates are rising in cities led by politicians from both parties. Governor... Brian Kemp has allocated a significant amount of money for a new "crime suppression unit" in the city. The affluent Buckhead neighborhood is considering breaking away from Atlanta primarily due to concerns about crime, which could have negative consequences for the city's tax revenue. Some critics attribute the crime issue to the current mayor, Keisha Lance Bottoms, accusing her of not effectively addressing it. Earlier this spring, shortly before Bottoms announced she would not seek reelection, Reed criticized the rising crime rates in the city, leading many to believe he was turning against Bottoms, whom he had previously supported, and possibly planning a political comeback. When it arrived, it brought a significant amount of glamour. Reed proclaimed at a lavish party at Tyrese Gibson's Buckhead mansion that "The future of Atlanta is in jeopardy." Within weeks, he had collected about $1 million in donations for his campaign. However, the belief that Atlanta would benefit from returning to Reed's time in office from 2010-17 is controversial. Reed attributes the low crime rates during his tenure to his efforts and proudly mentions his recruitment of numerous police officers. According to FBI statistics, violent crime in the city decreased starting in 2012 and continued to drop during Reed's time as mayor. This decline in crime was part of a national trend that began in the early 1990s. Despite this overall decrease, there has been a recent increase in high-profile crimes that have caused concern among residents. In early September, murders, rapes, and aggravated assaults were all up compared to the previous year. Reed was known for his strong leadership, as he made controversial decisions such as dismissing the city fire chief for making derogatory comments about homosexuality. He also made tough choices in addressing the city's pension liability issues. However, scandals within Reed's administration resulted in guilty pleas from several officials. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported in June that former human services director, watershed management head, and chief financial officer have been indicted and are awaiting trial. Court documents and campaign records suggested that Reed may be under federal investigation for using campaign funds for personal expenses, although Reed claimed in an interview that the Department of Justice informed his lawyers that he was not under investigation. The US Attorney's Office in Atlanta declined to comment on the matter. Reed acknowledged the issues that occurred during his tenure and mentioned that despite years of scrutiny, no charges have been brought against him. He mentioned that he had undergone intense vetting and security measures that few people experience, and had emerged unscathed. He suggested that racism may have been a factor in the scrutiny he faced. He noted that federal investigations, such as those in Atlanta, often target Black political leaders, especially mayors. A recent poll showed Reed leading the mayoral race with approximately 24% support, but 41% of likely voters were undecided. Reed's opponents are trying to persuade undecided voters that there are better options available. A portion of voters are fed up with Reed. Bruce Maclachlan, an 85-year-old landlord residing in Inman Park near the location of Gay's mugging, expressed his concerns about corruption surrounding Kasim Reed. He mentioned that it raised doubts in his mind. Maclachlan shared that he was supporting Moore, the City Council president, who was closely trailing Reed in the poll with approximately 20% backing. He believed that Moore seemed to be trustworthy and untainted by any scandals. Robert Patillo, a criminal defense attorney, has experienced the crime issue firsthand. Recently, his sister had her car stolen, his laptop was stolen from his car, and a friend's house was broken into. He believes that everyone has been affected by crime in some way. Despite this, he still plans to vote for Moore, as he feels Moore would be more reliable and capable of addressing both crime and civil rights issues. However, he acknowledges that Reed's tough stance may appeal to those who are fearful. Pinky Cole, the founder of Slutty Vegan, has a different perspective. Cole, a well-known young African American entrepreneur in the city, stated that Reed had assisted her with legal issues her business had encountered. She believed that crime and the city's business environment were connected, a viewpoint that is widely shared in Atlanta. Recently, two of her employees were shot, one of them fatally, which has impacted her greatly. Despite concerns about corruption cases, she trusted Reed's integrity and remembered how he had previously improved the city's safety. Cole expressed confidence that Reed would be able to do so again. | 2 |
The prime minister emphasized the vulnerability of the South Asian region to climate-induced natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, droughts, landslides, and avalanches during the virtual opening of the Global Centre on Adaptation's regional office in Dhaka. She warned that even a slight increase in temperature will have serious consequences for Bangladesh and the surrounding area. Hasina also highlighted the susceptibility of children, women, the elderly, and individuals with special needs to disasters, while reiterating Bangladesh's dedication to implementing the Paris Agreement and taking measures to reduce carbon emissions and environmental degradation. She mentioned that her government has implemented various programs to mitigate and adapt to climate change effects under the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan established in 2009. She stated that in 2009, the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund was created, with 430 million US dollars allocated from their own resources for the action plan. Since 2010, the government has been spending about 1% of their GDP, which is equivalent to $2 billion per year, for adaptation purposes. The prime minister also mentioned the Bangladesh Delta Plan-2100 as a long-term strategy to address climate change and natural disasters. Hasina highlighted the importance of enhancing resilience in South Asia to reduce the impact of climate-related disasters, noting that in the past decade, nearly 700 million people, half of the region's population, have been affected by such disasters. Before individuals can recover from a natural disaster, another one often occurs, undoing any progress that has been made. To break this cycle, South Asia must strengthen its ability to withstand such events. Bangladesh's GCA regional office is seen as a positive development by Hasina, offering support for on-the-ground efforts to improve adaptation and climate resilience in the region. She hopes the office will share successful adaptation strategies from Bangladesh and other countries, as well as facilitate exchange of practices within the region, ultimately becoming a hub for adaptation measures. According to Hasina, Bangladesh is looking for support from the GCA Dhaka office during its chairmanship of important international bodies related to climate change over the next two years. She also urged the GCA to consider ways to help the Delta Coalition in the long term. While praising Bangladesh's ability to handle natural disasters, the prime minister acknowledged the need for changes to reduce the impact of climate change. She believes that countries in the region have similar experiences and successful practices in adapting to climate change, and together they can create a better future for everyone. Since climate change is a worldwide issue, I urge countries to strengthen their Nationally Determined Contributions by the end of this year to address the problem and implement the 2015 Paris Agreement. Considering the repercussions of the pandemic, Hasina urged other nations to come together to combat the current crisis and future challenges. | 2 |
The annual assessment of human rights around the world was released by the US State Department on Tuesday. Excerpts on selected countries were provided, including information on Iraq. The assessment highlighted sectarian-driven violence, acts of terrorism, and revenge by armed groups in a climate of criminality and impunity that hindered government efforts to establish and maintain the rule of law. Sunni Arab groups such as al Qaeda in Iraq, remnants of the Baathist regime, and insurgents opposed the government and targeted Shia communities, while Shia militias with ties to the Iraqi Security Forces targeted Sunnis in death squad and kidnapping activities. PAKISTAN: Despite President Musharraf's assurance of promoting democratic transition and 'enlightened moderation,' the human rights situation in Pakistan remained bleak. The security forces were still engaging in extrajudicial killings, arbitrary arrests, and torture. Corruption was widespread within the government and police forces.
RUSSIA: The centralization of power in Russia's executive branch persisted, with amendments to election laws and new regulations for political parties giving the government extensive control over party activities. When considering a compliant State Duma, corruption, selective law enforcement, political pressure on the judiciary, and restrictions on NGOs and the media, these factors led to a further decline in government accountability. In Afghanistan, despite progress in human rights since the fall of the Taliban in 2001, the country's human rights record was still poor. There were ongoing reports of arbitrary arrests, extrajudicial killings, torture, and substandard prison conditions. North Korea remained a highly isolated and oppressive regime in 2006, controlling nearly all aspects of citizens' lives and denying basic freedoms such as speech, press, assembly, association, movement, and worker rights. An estimated 150,000 to 200,000 individuals, including political prisoners, were imprisoned in detention camps, where many suffered and died from torture, starvation, disease, and exposure. In Myanmar, the military government utilized executions, rape, torture, arbitrary detention, and forced relocation of entire villages, particularly targeting ethnic minorities, to maintain their power. Prisoners and detainees endured abuse and harsh, life-threatening conditions. Likewise, in Iran, the government severely restricted freedom of speech and assembly, cracking down on dissidents, journalists, and reformers with arbitrary arrests, torture, disappearances, excessive force, and denial of fair trials. The Mugabe government in Zimbabwe also continued to violate human rights across the board. Official corruption and impunity were common in both Cuba and China in 2006. In Cuba, under the temporary leadership of Raul Castro due to Fidel Castro's illness, the government continued to violate the rights of its citizens, including the right to peacefully change their government or criticize the revolution and its leaders. In China, there was a decline in the human rights record with an increase in high-profile cases of monitoring, harassment, detention, and imprisonment of political and religious activists, journalists, writers, and defense lawyers seeking to exercise their legal rights. | 2 |
Toles-Bey, a 62-year-old small-business owner, had never voted before but supported the former president in two elections. He now closely follows politics, which he attributes to Obama’s influence. After Trump's election, Toles-Bey started a T-shirt company named You Can’t Trump God to counteract his emotional distress. Despite waiting outside one of Obama's recent rallies, he questioned if Obama's idealism still fit in today's divisive political landscape. Toles-Bey acknowledged that the world has changed. As Obama travels across the country to support Democratic candidates, some members of the coalition that helped him become America's first black president are feeling anxious about the need for change. While Obama's speeches during this election season have focused on his usual themes of idealism and hope, there are concerns among his supporters that his message may be reminiscent of a more civil era in politics. The New York Times reports that Obama continues to be the top Democratic supporter in the country, and he will be campaigning for key Democratic candidates like Andrew Gillum in Florida, Stacey Abrams in Georgia, and Joe Donnelly in Indiana in the final week of the campaign. However, Trump's election has challenged Obama's strategy of gradual change, according to his advisers. Some of the voters Obama attracted to the Democratic party, such as young people and minorities, have become disillusioned. Obama's advisers believe that he does not see a contradiction between opposing Trump and motivating voters, and they cite his speeches this summer as evidence, where he criticized Trump without mentioning him by name. Some Obama supporters, like Toles-Bey, now prefer a more aggressive approach in response to Trump, unlike the former president's usual diplomatic style. The new generation of progressives is pushing back harder against Trump, challenging the traditional way politics is supposed to work. One supporter, Gabriella Lorance, who was 10 when Obama was first elected, expressed this sentiment while attending an event with her friends in Milwaukee. They discussed their favorite politicians, including Jason Kander, Beto O'Rourke, and Sharice Davids, but Obama was not among them. LaTosha Brown, an organizer and co-founder of Black Voters Matter, expressed the need for a change in approach to creating change. She acknowledged her respect for former President Obama, but believed that more radical action is necessary in the current political climate. Brown emphasized that the time for waiting and proving allegiance through voting is over, as she called for a new way of addressing issues. The divide seen among liberals in current politics may be a sign of future conflicts. In the upcoming years, as voters look for someone to follow in Obama's footsteps as the unifying figure of the Democratic Party, the question of what approach is best to oppose Trump will be of utmost importance, as crucial as policy or ideology. Some potential candidates for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination have caused controversy this year for their aggressive anti-Trump rhetoric. Former Vice President Joe Biden made headlines for saying he would physically fight Trump (and later apologized), while lawyer Michael Avenatti challenged a member of Trump's family to a fight. Eric Holder, a former attorney general considering a presidential run, drew criticism for putting a darker spin on Michelle Obama's famous quote, saying "When they go low, we kick them" in Georgia recently. Obama's speeches often include appeals to conservatives, as he oscillates between criticizing the modern Republican Party and reaching out to "compassionate conservatives" in an effort to build a coalition. However, the next generation of Democrats may choose a more assertive approach. Recently, amidst political violence, progressive Democrats like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Rashida Tlaib have been particularly outspoken, with Ocasio-Cortez questioning how the current administration would respond if ISIS were responsible for recent attacks, and Tlaib taking a stronger stance. She criticized Trump for blaming the Pittsburgh shooting on members of the #TreeOfLifeSynagogue, stating that it showed his lack of leadership and compassion as POTUS. The tweet also mentioned the use of an AR-15 assault rifle in the attack and emphasized the need for better treatment of fellow Americans. Michelle Obama defended her belief in taking the high road and emphasized the importance of leaders showing decency rather than inciting fear. Valerie Jarrett, a close adviser to Obama, acknowledged the frustration among Democrats during Trump's administration and stressed the importance of appealing to people's better nature. She stated that Obama's message should remain consistent, even if it may be challenging during this political climate. The focus should be on giving people what they need to hear, rather than what they want to hear in the moment. You convey to them the important message you believe they need to hear. This is the essence of leadership." Some of Obama's supporters agreed with Jarrett. Kasey Dean, 28, who waited for Obama before his rally in Nevada last week, believed it was the responsibility of politicians to inspire the country during uncertain times instead of resorting to fear. Hallie Sebena, 34, who attended Obama's rally in Milwaukee, stated that "there are ways to fight back without being dirty." "We need to have conversations that start from a place of respect," Sebena added. Other liberal voters mentioned that they had been so angered by Trump's administration that it influenced their criteria for a Democratic messenger. Tom Mooshegian, 64, in Las Vegas suggested that the person who runs against Trump in 2020 will need to be more of a "fighter" to match his style. Dana Williams, 41, waiting for Obama in Las Vegas, believes that Trump has brought a politics of personal attacks, suggesting that Democrats may need to respond in kind. Brown, echoing Trump's own words, emphasized the need to fight back when attacked. Obama, in his speeches this summer, has advocated for a politics that is hopeful, civil, and focused on incremental progress. Obama stated in Milwaukee last week that there is more at risk in this election than just politics. He emphasized the importance of having a politics that is decent, honest, and lawful, one that strives to do right by people and reflects the values of the country. After staying away from politics for over a year, Obama has now focused on supporting Democrats in key Senate races in various states. He also tends to host rallies in urban areas where voters who usually do not vote in midterm elections, such as young people and minorities, reside. Jon Favreau, a former speechwriter for Obama who now leads a liberal media company, noted that the former president's message has developed on key issues like voter suppression and structural racism. Favreau stated that the Republican Party has become more openly associated with white identity politics and immigration reduction, prompting Obama to be more direct in his criticisms. This has provided a model for Democratic candidates to criticize without resorting to mudslinging. Favreau highlighted campaigns like Gillum's in Florida, Abrams' in Georgia, and O'Rourke's in Texas as embodying the next generation of Obama's message of hope. He emphasized that simply attacking Donald Trump and Republicans with insults is not enough, and that a comprehensive approach is necessary. "What voters desire is for individuals to advocate for causes." | 2 |
Right before the start of new climate talks in Glasgow, the G20 nations announced their commitment to stop financing coal-fired power plants overseas. This decision followed a similar promise made by Chinese President Xi Jinping at the United Nations General Assembly in September. Research from Boston University's Global Development Policy Center shows that this pledge by the G20 means that nearly all development finance institutions are now dedicated to reducing investment in coal and increasing support for renewable energy. According to Rebecca Ray, a senior researcher at the GDP Center, if these institutions uphold their promises, it will become easier for developing countries to secure official finance for renewable energy and phasing out coal power plants. The study identified three major "holdouts" - the Development Bank of Latin America, the Islamic Development Bank, and the New Development Bank - although many of the main shareholders in these institutions were part of the G20 commitment. Xi's announcement in September that China would no longer participate in overseas coal projects marked a significant change, as it cut off major financial support for coal-fired power from institutions like the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China. The decision quickly impacted the country's financial sector, as the Bank of China committed to ending new overseas coal projects in October. An expert involved in developing guidelines for decarbonizing China's Belt and Road investments noted that Chinese financial institutions were already aware of the declining demand for coal power, which facilitated the implementation of Xi's order. The expert expressed that Chinese institutions are genuinely committed to this shift, actively seeking reasons to discontinue coal projects rather than justifying their continuation. Analysts believe that China's decision to withdraw from coal projects aligns with shifting economic and climate interests, as coal struggles to compete with renewables and faces the risk of becoming stranded assets worth billions of dollars. The Belt and Road Initiative's experience with financing coal projects was not successful, with issues of host countries defaulting on debt. This shift in policy provides China with the political signals they have been seeking to stop investing in coal. | 2 |
The 'Bangladesh 2050 Energy Pathway’s Calculator' (BD2050) is a groundbreaking online computer model that illustrates the country's energy demand, supply, and their relationship with the country’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. Developed by a team of researchers led by British-origin Bangladeshi Dr. Monjur Mourshed from Cardiff University, this software model integrates energy generation and usage, carbon emissions, and land use in Bangladesh. The calculator, supported by the UK’s Department for Energy and Climate Change and Bangladesh’s Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, allows policymakers and the public to explore different energy source options and their impacts on land use, electricity, energy security, and food. This tool is being used in several countries including the UK, Japan, China, and India, and is the first of its kind for a least developed country. By providing access to all sectors of society, the calculator enables informed discussions and decision-making regarding energy investments for the future. Dr. Saleemul Huq emphasized the importance of developing a low Carbon development pathway in Bangladesh, and highlighted the calculator as a valuable tool in planning for a sustainable future. | 2 |
Anderson, an introverted anthropology professor at Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York, expressed dread at the thought of returning to the office as the country's economy reopens. He described feeling physically ill just walking from the parking lot to his office. This sentiment is shared by many, not just introverts, who view a return to the office with sadness and anxiety, even aside from the risk of infection. According to a Gallup poll, a majority of US adults working from home would prefer to continue doing so "as much as possible" after the pandemic. These supporters of remote work are concerned that they, as well as the nation, may lose valuable advantages that have been uncovered during this unique period of widespread remote work. For instance, individuals who have never enjoyed socializing with coworkers have experienced increased productivity without the distractions of meetings and office small talk. Some individuals who are concerned about the environment are eager to decrease their carbon footprint by avoiding driving to work. Additionally, while many parents are eager for schools and day care centers to resume normal operations, some working parents are enjoying the extra time spent with their children. For example, Christine Reilley, who works as a senior director of strategy and innovation for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in Manhattan, used to wake up at 4:30 a.m. to catch an early bus before the pandemic. She mentioned that she feels more well-rested and can dedicate more time to her work due to not having to commute, which she personally enjoys. Some people have criticized working from home as being "overrated," especially since it is mostly an option for white-collar office workers. Telecommuting is not feasible for many people in manufacturing or service industries, as well as essential workers like health professionals, emergency responders, grocery store employees, and delivery workers. Those who have lost their jobs may feel frustrated hearing complaints from those who are still employed. The other disadvantages cannot be ignored. Holding Zoom meetings from a kitchen table with distractions like bored children and annoyed spouses in the background can negatively impact productivity. Women feel that video calls can make it difficult for them to speak up in meetings where men dominate the conversation. The current crisis has added more challenges for working mothers. Telecommuting, which was already becoming popular, excluded many low-wage workers and was viewed skeptically by employers who feared that employees were not working effectively from home. Researchers have cautioned that problem solving and creativity may decline when employees are separated from each other. Isolated work can result in feelings of loneliness and boredom, and remote workers have reported working longer hours. In order for remote work to be effective, employers must provide the necessary equipment and support, according to Laurel Farrer, CEO of Distribute Consulting. According to experts and advocates, if implemented correctly, remote work allows employees to work independently and achieve productivity without supervision. This setup offers numerous benefits such as reducing time spent commuting, which is associated with increased stress, pollution, and respiratory issues. On average, American drivers spend 54 hours stuck in traffic each year, according to a study by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute. Additionally, remote work can lead to greater productivity. A study conducted in 2014 by Stanford professor Nicholas Bloom focused on remote workers at a Chinese travel agency and found that they were 13% more efficient compared to their colleagues working in an office. According to Global Workplace Analytics, a research and consulting firm, if half of the United States workforce worked remotely, it could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from vehicle travel by more than 51 million metric tons annually. The pandemic has shown some positive effects, such as a decrease in air pollution and clearer skies over cities like Los Angeles. However, there may be an increase in traffic once people return to work, especially if they are hesitant to use public transportation due to the risk of contracting the virus. According to Bill Eisele, a senior research engineer at the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, even if more people begin working remotely, they may still use their cars more for local errands. He mentioned that office commuters only account for about 18% of all traffic. There are potential savings for individuals, with Global Workplace Analytics estimating that people could save an average of $2,000 to $6,500 per year by eliminating expenses like gasoline and day care. Additionally, companies could reduce costs on real estate. The US Patent and Trademark Office saved over $38 million in 2015 by reducing office space, as stated in a Harvard Business School working paper. A study from 2005 showed that job satisfaction rises with more hours spent working remotely, up to 15 hours. Kate Lister of Global Workplace Analytics believes that workers will seek a balance between remote work and office attendance for optimal satisfaction. The pandemic has potentially demonstrated to managers that workers are capable of completing their tasks without constant supervision, which could lead to increased trust in employees. Many individuals who never previously considered remote work have now experienced it and are enjoying the flexibility it offers. Jacquie Benetua-Rolens, a communications and engagement coordinator, has found joy in seeing her 2-year-old son join her Zoom meetings in his pajamas, allowing for a more authentic and unfiltered interaction with colleagues. Benetua-Rolens emphasized the importance of being understanding and forgiving towards others and ourselves, especially in light of the challenges we have all faced. She often reminisces about her old office cubicle, which she had decorated with plants and pictures of her children, but admits she does not miss it at all. Jessica Keup, a 37-year-old single mother and computer programmer in Ann Arbor, Michigan, relocated to her parents' home in rural Tennessee with her young son in March after her company transitioned to remote work. Since that time, she has been programming outside on the deck while her son interacts with the goats, chickens, and peacocks that live on the large property. Keup mentioned that the isolation has helped her concentrate better and be more efficient. She appreciates not being interrupted by talkative coworkers wanting to chat or needing assistance with technical issues. "The extroverts in the office tend to dominate conversations and can be overwhelming," she explained. A survey conducted at the beginning of the pandemic indicated a significant preference for working remotely. Gallup discovered that nearly 60% of Americans who are currently working from home would like to continue working remotely as much as they can once restrictions are lifted, while 40% would rather go back to working in the office. The survey, which was conducted online and included 2,276 randomly selected adults, took place from March 14 to April 2 and had a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. When it is time for Keup to return to the office, she intends to inquire about working remotely from Tennessee for two to four weeks per year, citing the state's beauty as a reason. She stated that it is calming and rejuvenating, and she will feel the absence of it. This information is copyright of The New York Times Company in 2020. | 2 |
Recently, oil and natural gas prices have increased significantly, leading to a rise in power prices as energy shortages are impacting Asia and Europe. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has noted that high coal and gas prices, along with blackouts, are causing the power sector and energy-intensive industries to turn to oil for energy. These higher energy prices are also contributing to inflation and could potentially slow down economic recovery. The IEA has revised its global oil demand forecasts for next year, predicting a return to pre-pandemic levels and increasing demand forecasts for this year and 2022. An increase in demand during the previous quarter resulted in the largest depletion of oil product stocks in eight years, with storage levels in OECD countries at their lowest since early 2015. The IEA projected that the OPEC+ producer group will be pumping 700,000 bpd below the estimated demand for its crude in the fourth quarter of this year, indicating that demand will exceed supply until the end of 2021. The IEA also warned that spare production capacity from the group will decrease rapidly from 9 million bpd in the first quarter of 2021 to only 4 million bpd in the second quarter of 2022. This decline is focused in a few Middle East states, highlighting the need for increased investment to meet future demand. The report emphasized the importance of boosting spending on clean energy transitions promptly to avoid potential challenges in global energy markets. The IEA released its flagship annual energy outlook before an upcoming climate conference in Britain, stating that the current economic recovery heavily relies on unsustainable fossil fuels. It was stated on Wednesday that investment in renewable energy must increase threefold by the end of the decade in order to effectively combat climate change. | 2 |
On Sunday, Turks will choose a new parliament in what is seen as a crucial election following a conflict between the ruling AK Party and the secular elite. The AK Party is expected to win, but not with enough seats to change the constitution. This has led to optimism in Turkish financial markets. Investors support the AK Party's economic policies but worry that a strong majority could lead to further tensions with secularists, including the military. The EU is monitoring the election closely in the hope that a new government will kickstart Turkey's reform process. According to some analysts, investors are not properly concerned about the risks involved in the upcoming elections in Turkey. Wolfango Piccoli from Eurasia Group, a political risk consultancy, believes that the elections will not resolve the institutional deadlock in Turkey and that the country's problems have only been delayed. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan had to call the elections early after facing opposition from the secular elite, including the army, top judges, and opposition parties. The new parliament will now have to choose Turkey's next president, with concerns from secularists that Erdogan and Gul may be trying to undermine the separation of state and religion in the country, a charge both men deny. A majority of two-thirds or more would allow the AK Party to make changes to Turkey's secular constitution and elect their presidential candidate without considering opposition concerns. To ease fears of secularists and appeal to the urban middle class, Erdogan has removed many Islamist-leaning members from his party and has put forward more centrist and female candidates in the upcoming election. Erdogan has also indicated a willingness to negotiate over the presidency, a position traditionally held by secularists. Polls suggest the AK Party could receive around 40 percent of the vote, an increase from 34 percent in the 2002 election, but may end up with fewer seats due to other parties surpassing the 10 percent threshold to enter parliament. Polarisation is expected in the upcoming parliamentary elections, with the main opposition parties like the Republican People's Party (CHP), Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), and pro-Kurdish candidates likely to win seats. According to Ayse Ayata, a professor at Ankara's Middle East Technical University, the parliament is expected to consist of polar opposites, and having a coalition government could help reduce this polarization. 42.5 million Turks out of a total population of 74 million will be eligible to vote, with four million young people participating in a national election for the first time. Analysts anticipate heated debates in the new parliament, including clashes between the AK Party ex-Islamists and the arch-secularists of the CHP, as well as between Kurdish deputies advocating for more rights and MHP ultra-nationalists who see these demands as a threat to Turkish national security. The upcoming parliament session will test the ability of Turks and Kurds to come to a consensus on the Kurdish issue, according to Mehmet Ali Birand, a veteran TV commentator. The conflict between Turkish security forces and Kurdish separatist rebels in the southeast region has been ongoing since 1984, resulting in over 30,000 casualties. Despite the focus on terrorism in election rallies, there has been little mention of Turkey's EU membership bid, reflecting a growing disillusionment with the EU among the public. | 2 |
During a meeting in Copenhagen on June 8, Myanmar's Social Welfare Minister Win Myat Aye informed a group of diplomats, analysts, and members of a commission led by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan that eight of the commission's recommendations, including one calling for amendments to the 1982 law, were not feasible in the current political climate and could not be implemented immediately, according to individuals present. One attendee stated that Win Myat Aye emphasized that citizenship reform was not a viable option. The sources requested anonymity as Myanmar had asked for the meeting to be kept confidential. Both Win Myat Aye and government spokesperson Zaw Htay did not respond to requests for comment. The amendment of the 1982 law, which limits citizenship to members of the state-recognized "national races," was a significant recommendation of the Annan commission. The government of Myanmar, a primarily Buddhist country, does not acknowledge the Rohingya people as a native ethnic group, instead referring to them as "Bengalis", a term the Rohingya reject because it suggests they are outsiders from Bangladesh, despite their long-standing presence in Myanmar. The Annan commission, established by Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi in 2016, was tasked with finding lasting solutions to entrenched ethnic and religious divides in Rakhine state. Following the release of the commission's report in August 2017, Rohingya militants launched attacks on security forces, leading to a brutal military crackdown that the UN has condemned as a clear case of ethnic cleansing. Win Myat Aye, in charge of reconstruction efforts in conflict-affected Rakhine state, admitting uncertainties surrounding the repatriation of the approximately 700,000 Rohingya currently residing in overcrowded refugee camps in Bangladesh. Many Rohingya leaders have stated they will not return without assurances of citizenship. Myanmar's National Security Adviser Thaung Tun, who was present at the meeting in Denmark, stated to Reuters that authorities are working to implement the Annan commission's recommendations fully and promptly. He mentioned that over 80 recommendations have been implemented within less than 10 months, and those that have not yet been carried out are also under consideration. Annan's spokesperson directed inquiries to the Myanmar government. Refugees have recounted incidents of violence, including killings, arson, theft, and sexual assault, by Myanmar security forces and Buddhist groups in Rakhine. Myanmar has denied allegations of ethnic cleansing and has disregarded most reports of atrocities. They have signed a deal with Bangladesh to repatriate refugees within two years, but disagreements have delayed the process. Many Rohingya refugees refuse to return unless changes are made to the 1982 law. Those identifying as Rohingya were not included in Myanmar's 2014 census and had their identity documents confiscated, preventing them from voting in the 2015 election. Suu Kyi, who previously advocated for a review of the law, is now encouraging Rohingya to accept the National Verification Card as a form of residency instead of full citizenship. However, many Rohingya are hesitant to accept the document, as they believe it categorizes long-time residents as newcomers and restricts their freedom of movement. The military, who shares power with Suu Kyi, adamantly denies Rohingya demands for citizenship. Senior General Min Aung Hlaing stated in a speech in March that Rohingya lack common characteristics or culture with Myanmar's ethnic groups, and that the conflict arose due to Bengalis seeking citizenship. At the Copenhagen meeting, Myanmar officials mentioned they had implemented 80 of the 88 recommendations from the commission, citing political and practical disagreements with the remaining eight. Annan questioned which specific recommendations were causing difficulties. Win Myat Aye then outlined the recommendations that Myanmar was having trouble putting into action, such as setting up an independent body to address citizenship verification issues, empowering community leaders and civil society, and creating a system for providing feedback on government performance. Another source pointed out that when something is described as difficult in diplomatic language, it usually means it is being rejected. | 2 |
Shahana Hanif, a former City Council employee, made history on Tuesday by becoming the first Muslim woman elected to the Council. She won in a Brooklyn district that covers Park Slope, Kensington, and parts of central Brooklyn. Hanif, who is Bangladeshi American, expressed her humility and pride in being elected, as well as being the first woman of any faith to represent District 39. Another South Asian candidate, Shekar Krishnan, also made history by winning a seat in Queens, while a third candidate, Felicia Singh, lost in a closely watched race. She mentioned the support of volunteers and endorsements from various community and progressive groups, including the Working Families Party. She expressed a vision of creating a city that is anti-racist and feminist, one that protects vulnerable populations, provides equitable education, prioritizes local climate solutions driven by communities, and ensures that immigrant neighbors feel welcomed, heard, and safe. She emphasized the importance of continued effort from everyone even after the election. The City Council will see its first out gay Black women serving as members next year, with Kristin Richardson Jordan winning in Harlem and Crystal Hudson in a Brooklyn district. Several other LGBTQ candidates, including Tiffany Cabán in Queens, also secured victories. Chi Ossé in Brooklyn and Erik Bottcher in Manhattan were the only candidates running uncontested races. Lynn Schulman was predicted to secure a seat in Queens. These candidates are part of a broader trend in New York City's City Council, which is on track to be almost as diverse as the city itself next year. Over twenty women are set to potentially hold a majority of the Council's seats, marking a historic first. | 2 |
Harris, the first Black woman and Asian-American on a major US presidential ticket, shared her life story as representative of the American dream during the Democratic National Convention. She criticized Donald Trump's leadership, stating that it has resulted in loss of lives and jobs. Barack Obama also criticized Trump's failures, linking them to the high death toll from the coronavirus, millions of job losses, and America's tarnished reputation. The event included many female speakers, with Harris appealing directly to women, young Americans, and voters of color, crucial constituencies for Biden's potential victory over Trump. Harris highlighted the chaos, incompetence, and callousness of the current administration. The speaker expressed that there is a lot to improve upon and that people deserve better. She criticized the current president for politicizing tragedies and praised Joe Biden for turning challenges into purpose. Biden is currently ahead of Trump in polls, particularly among women voters. Throughout the convention, Democrats have been directly appealing to female voters, emphasizing Biden's role in co-sponsoring the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 and his plans to strengthen childcare and protect family healthcare. Obama, whose vice president was Biden from 2009-2017, expressed his disappointment in Trump's handling of the presidency and criticized his failure to grow into the role, leading to severe consequences such as millions of lost jobs. "Our worst instincts have been let loose, our once proud reputation worldwide significantly tarnished, and our democratic institutions more at risk than ever before," stated Obama. The choice of a vice president is especially important for Biden, 77, who would be the oldest person to ever be elected president if he wins. Speculation has arisen due to his age that he may only serve one term, potentially making Harris, 55, a strong candidate for the 2024 nomination. Biden selected Harris as his running mate last week to challenge incumbents Trump, 74, and Vice President Mike Pence, 61. Former first lady and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, the 2016 Democratic presidential nominee who was defeated by Trump, shared at the convention that she frequently hears from voters who regret supporting Trump or not voting at all. Clinton emphasized the importance of voting in the upcoming election, stating that it cannot be another missed opportunity. She urged people to vote as if their lives and livelihoods depended on it. Clinton also warned that despite winning the popular vote, Biden could still lose the election if he does not win by a significant margin. Democrats are concerned about ensuring a large voter turnout to prevent Trump from winning through deceit or manipulation. They are particularly worried about his criticism of mail-in voting and changes at the US Postal Service that could cause delays. DeJoy, a Trump supporter, has promised to delay these changes until after the election. Additionally, Democrats are highlighting Trump's immigration policies, stance on gun restrictions, and decision to withdraw from the Paris climate accord. Nancy Pelosi, the first woman Speaker of the US House of Representatives, spoke at the convention about Trump's lack of respect for facts, working families, and women, which is reflected in his policies. Elizabeth Warren, a progressive leader, also addressed the convention, highlighting Biden's proposal to make childcare more affordable for working Americans. Harris, as a child of immigrants, will have the chance to discuss her background and accomplishments in breaking gender and racial barriers in her upcoming speech. She became well-known in the Senate for her thorough questioning of Trump nominees, including Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh and Attorney General Bill Barr. The Republican National Convention, which will also be mostly virtual, is scheduled for next week. | 2 |
Late students will not be allowed entry. If you talk to your classmate during the lesson, you will be warned. If you repeat the behavior, you will be told to leave. Fadoua El Ouni was surprised when she took Kais Saied's constitutional law class at Carthage University, but not all courses were like that. Saied was known on campus for captivating classrooms with his powerful voice and formal speech. However, since he suspended parliament and dismissed his prime minister amid protests, Tunisians have been puzzled by the contradictions in his actions. Some see him as a beloved figure, while others question his methods of seizing power. There is a debate over whether he is a hero or a dangerous leader, and whether he will save or destroy Tunisia's democracy. Despite his uncompromising nature, some believe he is the last hope to fulfill the goals of the revolution. "We are aware that individuals who are considered to be moral and upright can sometimes become ruthless and violent. Saied, a respected law professor, is not known for indulging in extravagant luxuries like other dictators. His lifestyle is modest, preferring local coffee shops and living in a middle-class neighborhood with his family. Saied believes his duty is to empower the youth and the underprivileged, rather than seeking personal gain. He aims to improve education, healthcare, and eliminate corruption in Tunisia, stating that he is running for president against his own desires." God says that warfare is necessary, even though it is something that people may hate. It is a duty that is similar to a soldier being on the front lines of battle, not wanting to kill but being obligated to fight. Saied's office did not respond to a request for an interview. As a devout Muslim, Saied has referred to his presidency as a test from God that he cannot refuse. According to Mohamed-Dhia Hammami, a Tunisian political researcher at Syracuse University, Saied is implying that he is fulfilling his role as president because it is a duty that he cannot ignore, as it is what the people want. The belief in Islam is that everyone will face challenges, and in the case of this individual, it is serving as the president. Some may view this as a lofty excuse for manipulation, but even those who oppose him acknowledge that his beliefs are genuine and stem from his faith and concern for the less fortunate. Saied, who comes from a diverse family in Tunis, rose to prominence in 2011 following the initial wave of protests and the departure of Ben Ali. When protesters from marginalized areas staged large demonstrations in Tunis, demanding significant reforms, Saied was one of the few established figures to stand in solidarity with them. Videos showing his visits quickly spread on Facebook. While participating in an advisory committee during the drafting of a new constitution, Saied was not given one of the pens, a move that clearly bothered him. He frequently appeared on Tunisian television criticizing the new constitution for being too favorable towards Parliament. He also expressed concern that voters would be limited to choosing from electoral lists promoted by power-hungry political parties. Tunisians would have a stronger connection to their democracy if they chose representatives they were familiar with. The professor suggested a political system that involved both grassroots and top-down approaches, with power coming from local councils and a strong president. Despite skepticism, the professor remained steadfast in his beliefs. An activist who interacted with him during the transition to democracy remembered him as humble and charitable, but also stubborn in his arguments. (Due to the intense political atmosphere, most individuals interviewed preferred to remain anonymous when discussing the president.) Many Tunisians considered him essential viewing on television, as if he was revealing the ultimate truth about the constitution, according to Amna Guellali, Amnesty International's deputy regional director for the Middle East and North Africa. His authoritative presence was so captivating that some likened it to a prophet's voice, transcending human limitations. With corruption scandals and economic hardships increasing, Tunisians admired his stern leadership even more, prompting them to create Facebook pages encouraging him to run for president. Despite the public's support, he declined to do so until 2019. The tale of his campaign has become well-known in Tunisia: the famous slogan "The people want," reminiscent of the chants during the 2011 revolution; the volunteers who joined without being asked; the limited campaign financing, restricted to what he had in his wallet; the reputation for honesty, despite rumors of foreign funding; and the overwhelming victory in the runoff election. "The people hold the power," he stated in an interview. "Everything should begin with them." He later revealed that he decided to run for president after a destitute man begged him in tears, a moment he likened to a religious experience. This was not the only such encounter. Videos often surface online of Saied hugging impoverished protesters at the presidential palace or taking time to greet regular Tunisians on the street. Imen Neffati, a Tunisia researcher at Oxford University, stated that what sets this politician apart is his genuine concern for people, which is lacking in other politicians. Critics have labeled him as merely a law professor who did not complete his doctorate. Additionally, some have criticized his social beliefs, such as his support for the death penalty, opposition to equal inheritance between genders, and negative stance on homosexuality. He has even suggested that those promoting homosexuality are part of a foreign conspiracy. Despite differing opinions, one trait that everyone can agree on is his unwavering determination. An European ambassador and informal adviser has stated that he will not negotiate with corrupt politicians or parties, which includes Ennahda, the dominant party in Parliament, as well as many of Tunisia's business and political leaders. Diplomats have described every meeting at the presidential palace as a lecture rather than a dialogue. Advisers have noted that he only listens to a few people, including his wife. Since July 25, Saied's security forces have imposed travel bans and house arrests on judges, politicians, and business owners without due process, causing concerns that he may be moving towards autocracy. His office recently announced an extension of the 30-day period initially set for his "exceptional measures," without specifying for how long. It is widely anticipated that he will attempt to alter Tunisia's electoral system and revise its constitution in order to expand the authority of the president. Despite his pledge to appoint a new prime minister by Tuesday, Tarek Kahlaoui, a Tunisian political analyst, was informed by presidential advisers that Saied sees the role more as a "manager" rather than a true head of government. Saied justified his power grab by referencing Article 80 of the constitution, which allows the president broad emergency powers in times of imminent danger. However, constitutional experts believe his actions went against this provision, as it requires Parliament to be in session. Despite his adherence to legal technicalities, those who know him well claim that Saied often makes decisions based on emotion and instinct. Kahlaoui believes that the people have selected him. They took to the streets, prompting him to take action. | 2 |
President Nicolas Sarkozy defended Muammar Gaddafi's recent visit to France by stating that the Libyan leader is not viewed as a dictator in the Arab world. The visit, Gaddafi's first in 34 years, resulted in the signing of multiple business agreements. Critics, including human rights groups and the opposition Socialists, have accused Sarkozy of prioritizing commercial interests over human rights concerns. Sarkozy's decision to invite Gaddafi came after Libya released six foreign medics, who were accused of infecting Libyan children with HIV, in a deal brokered by Paris. In an interview with Le Nouvel Observateur magazine, Sarkozy reiterated that Gaddafi is not seen as a dictator in the Arab world. Sarkozy stated that Gaddafi is the longest-serving head of state in the region and the Arab world. He believes that France should engage in dialogue with all parties while remaining steadfast in its values. Gaddafi came to power in 1969 through a military coup. Libya's relationships with Western nations have improved since abandoning weapons of mass destruction programs in 2003 and providing compensation for victims of bombings. Amnesty International emphasized the importance of Libya's reemergence on the international stage leading to genuine cooperation on human rights and trade matters. The group stated that President Nicolas Sarkozy must not only focus on signing commercial agreements, but also ensure concrete measures are taken to improve human rights in Libya. The value of the contracts signed this week in France has caused controversy, with some sources suggesting that the deals were not as significant as initially reported. Socialist Arnaud Montebourg described the visit as a "tragicomic farce" in parliament. Gaddafi criticized France, undermining its influence and damaging the universal impact of its message. He expressed to French business leaders that strengthening political relations between Tripoli and Paris would benefit companies. Gaddafi praised French companies in Libya and mentioned that previous political decisions had negatively affected firms, but believed the current political environment was more favorable for the development of French businesses in Libya. | 2 |
The case against Chen was one of the most prominent examples of the China Initiative, which was launched in 2018 during the Trump administration. China has been actively attempting to steal American technology, including by recruiting foreign scientists as "nontraditional collectors." However, many of the prosecutions resulting from this initiative, like the one against Chen, did not accuse the researchers of espionage or stealing intellectual property. Instead, they focused on a more technical violation: failing to disclose Chinese affiliations in grant proposals to US funding agencies. These prosecutions have been criticized for targeting scientists based on their ethnicity and for potentially going too far by blurring the line between disclosure violations and more serious crimes like espionage. Critics in academia argue that these prosecutions have created a climate of fear among scientists of Chinese descent. Chen was arrested on Jan 14, 2021, during the final week of President Trump's term, and was charged with not disclosing affiliations with Chinese government institutions in grant applications to the US Department of Energy in 2017. He entered a plea of not guilty to all the charges. Recently, Department of Energy officials have informed prosecutors that Chen was not required to disclose his seven affiliations, casting doubt on the basis of the charges. The Justice Department is considering dismissing cases and potentially changing the name of the China Initiative, which was started by officials from multiple administrations who have expressed concerns about China's efforts to gain global power through intellectual property theft. They feared that Beijing could use nontraditional intelligence collectors, like professors, to obtain sensitive information under the guise of academic collaboration. The program has led to many convictions, such as a Monsanto employee caught leaving the country with a proprietary algorithm and a Coca-Cola chemist found guilty of stealing a valuable formula. In Boston, a jury found Harvard chemist Charles Leiber guilty of six felonies, including making false statements and not reporting income from China, after a quick deliberation. However, some cases against academics have fallen apart, like the trial of Anming Hu, a University of Tennessee engineering professor, which ended in acquittal due to lack of evidence of intentional fraud. The Justice Department has also dropped seven cases against researchers recently. The most notable case so far to be dismissed involves Chen, who became a US citizen in 2000 and is a respected scientist with strong support from his university. Chen, who has been on leave from MIT since his arrest, expressed gratitude to his friends and colleagues for their support during a difficult year, and criticized the China Initiative. He stated that while he is relieved that his ordeal is over, he is concerned about the ongoing impact of the China Initiative on the academic community and other scientists facing charges. The decision to drop the case was made after prosecutors received new information showing that the Chinese affiliations at the center of the case were not crucial to the funding agency. The new US attorney in Boston, Rachael Rollins, acknowledged the impact of charging decisions on people's lives. "As the United States attorney, I will always encourage the prosecutors in our office to conduct thorough and ongoing reviews at every stage of a case. The dismissal of today's case is a result of this process and serves the interests of justice." When Chen was arrested a year ago, the tone from the prosecutor's office was different, with allegations of loyalty to China and fraudulently obtaining federal grants. The charges filed later were more limited, including two counts of wire fraud related to failing to disclose affiliations while applying for a grant to study heat conduction. These affiliations included working as a consultant for the Chinese government and other organizations. The individual was accused of not declaring a Chinese bank account with over $10,000 and providing false information in grant disclosures. Department of Energy officials stated that the undisclosed affiliations would not have affected the grant approval. Chen's lawyer, Robert Fisher, praised witnesses who clarified misunderstandings and stated that Chen never misled the government. Fisher, from Nixon Peabody, expressed relief that the government acknowledged Chen's innocence. Our defense was simply that Gang did not commit any of the offenses he was accused of. The Biden administration officials are planning to make changes to the China Initiative soon. The Department of Justice is reviewing its approach to countering threats from the Chinese government, as directed by the attorney general. The name China Initiative might be changed and the cases may no longer be grouped together but handled by the National Security Division. There was talk of offering amnesty in the grant fraud cases, but officials are now considering resolving them individually. Lelling, one of the creators of the China Initiative, is now advocating for the Justice Department to stop prosecuting individuals based on grant disclosures. He believes that the initiative has strayed from its original purpose of combating espionage and has caused fear among researchers. Lelling acknowledges that the prosecutions have led to increased transparency among research scientists regarding their Chinese funding, but he also believes that the fear created by the China Initiative has been excessive. “What is deterrence? You don’t speed because you’re afraid of getting a ticket. Deterrence is about fear,” explained MIT President Rafael Reif, expressing his eagerness for Chen to resume his duties at the university. Reif acknowledged the immense burden the case had placed on Chen and his family, describing the pain and anguish experienced by those involved as unimaginable. The case has also caused ongoing distress within the community, especially for Gang’s friends, students, colleagues, and individuals of Chinese descent at MIT and beyond. | 2 |
"We have made the decision to revoke all three farm laws, and the process will commence during the upcoming Parliament session," stated Modi in a televised speech. He encouraged the protesting farmers to go back to their families and start anew. Leaders of the protests cautiously welcomed Modi's change of heart and planned to convene in New Delhi to discuss the next steps. Many of the demonstrators belong to India's Sikh community, and Modi strategically announced the repeal on Guru Nanak Jayanti, a significant Sikh holiday. Ramandeep Singh Mann, a farmer leader and activist, expressed his joy upon hearing the news, likening it to conquering Mount Everest." Mann stated that it is still uncertain whether the government will accept the farmers' additional demand for a law ensuring a minimum price for crops. He mentioned that the farmers will remain encamped outside New Delhi until Parliament officially revokes the three laws. Despite the farmers' unwavering stance, Modi's government has supported the market-friendly laws passed last year. The protesters have endured harsh conditions, including winter, summer, and the COVID-19 pandemic in New Delhi. Modi's government had justified the new laws as a way to attract private investment into a sector that is crucial for the livelihood of over 60% of India's population but has not been contributing significantly to the economy. However, the farmers, who are already burdened by heavy debt and bankruptcies, were concerned that the reduction of government regulations would expose them to exploitation by large corporations. The decision to repeal the laws coincides with Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party gearing up for an election in the northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttarakhand, where many of the protesting farmers reside. Despite numerous unsuccessful negotiations, the farmers changed their approach this autumn by following top government officials as they campaigned in northern India, ensuring their grievances could not be ignored. In October, a confrontation between a BJP convoy and protesting farmers in Uttar Pradesh resulted in the death of four protesters and four others, including a local journalist. The son of a minister in Modi's government is one of the individuals being investigated for murder in the incident. Jagdeep Singh, whose father was among those killed, stated that the decision to repeal the laws was a tribute to those who died during a year of protests, whether due to extreme weather conditions, health issues, COVID-19, or other causes. Approximately 750 protesters have reportedly died, although the government claims to have no data on this. Singh believes that the repeal of the laws is a victory for the farmers who sacrificed their lives to protect others from corporate greed. "They must be happy and smiling, no matter where they are." (©2021 The New York Times Company) | 2 |
No one in the room had been told about Abiy Ahmed's second trip since securing a peace deal last year that ended two decades of hostility between the neighbors. A senior official present mentioned that the foreign office was not informed and they found out about it from Eritrean media, Facebook, and Twitter. Abiy's surprise visits are characteristic of his approach, with supporters and critics agreeing that he often uses bold personal initiatives and charisma to bring about change instead of relying on government institutions. The foreign ministry spokesman, Nebiat Getachew, stated that the policy was well-coordinated. He did not verify whether Abiy had taken the July trip without notifying the ministry. Abiy's agreement with Eritrea received praise internationally. He is the second favorite to win a Nobel Peace Prize, following climate activist Greta Thunberg. However, some Ethiopians are irritated by Abiy's unpredictable behavior. It is uncertain how much support his reforms have within the ruling coalition, which has been in power in some form since 1991, and whether these reforms would continue without his leadership. He has already survived one attempt on his life, when a grenade was thrown at a rally last year. Comfort Ero, Africa programme director at the International Crisis Group think tank, emphasized that lasting change cannot be achieved solely through a "cult of personality". She stated that Abiy's promised transformative reforms will only be successful if he works through the institutions. Ethiopia has experienced rapid economic growth for over ten years, but there is concern about Abiy's capability to implement all of his reforms, which is causing worry among citizens and foreign investors he has been trying to attract to modernize the country's telecoms and banking sectors. Some analysts believe that Abiy, a former military officer with expertise in cyber intelligence, occasionally circumvents government ministries in order to keep his rapid reforms on track and avoid bureaucratic delays. These reforms, such as lifting bans on political parties, freeing jailed journalists, and holding accountable officials accused of torture, have garnered enthusiastic support from the public. According to Dereje Feyissa, a professor at Addis Ababa University, Abiy's leadership style appears to be centered around his charisma, but the long-term sustainability of this approach remains uncertain. The initial excitement is fading away. Some believe that Abiy's quick and significant changes are a strategic move to catch his opponents off guard from the previous administration, which was controlled by the Tigrayans, a small yet influential ethnic group. Abiy, who is 43 years old and belongs to the Oromo group, the largest in the nation, led the protests that led to his predecessor's resignation. Since assuming office in April 2018, Abiy's administration has taken action against numerous senior officials, mostly Tigrayans, for corruption or human rights violations. "During the first six or seven months, he weakened the institutions ...." Jawar Mohammed, an Oromo activist and informal adviser to the prime minister, stated that the institutions were not functioning properly or were working against the prime minister's agenda. He believes that the prime minister's success would not have been possible without addressing these issues. One of Abiy's significant accomplishments was the peace deal signed with Eritrea in July last year, ending a nearly 20-year military stalemate. Historian Asle Sveen, who has written about the Nobel Peace Prize, noted that Abiy's actions align with Alfred Nobel's vision for the prize, as the peace deal with Eritrea and democratic reforms internally have made him a popular candidate. Some benefits of the peace were short-lived, as land borders that opened in July were closed in December without an official explanation. Will Davison, an Ethiopia analyst at Crisis Group, suggested that last year's reconciliation may have been influenced by the Eritrean president's belief that Abiy's rise signaled the decline of Tigray's ruling party. Despite losing power at the federal level, Tigray's ruling party still controls its own region, including a border with Eritrea, which may explain why relations between the two nations have not improved further. Nebiat, the foreign ministry spokesman, noted that Eritrea and Ethiopia had restored diplomatic relations, air links, and phone connections. "He stated that there are other ongoing efforts to solidify relations," he said. Abiy's bold diplomatic actions, such as his unexpected trip, are seen as personal initiatives by analysts and diplomats. According to a senior official from the foreign ministry, the ministry has been excluded from these efforts, potentially putting our interests at risk. The official mentioned that Abiy has been discussing important policy matters with Eritrea, Somalia, and wealthy Gulf states without consulting his government. Nebiat disagreed with this statement. He stated that the Ethiopian government consistently carries out a well-organized foreign policy and diplomacy. He dismissed any other allegations as unfounded. Many countries appreciate Abiy's hands-on approach. Following the killing of over 100 protesters by Sudanese police in June, Abiy traveled to Khartoum to encourage Sudan's new military leaders and the opposition to resume discussions. He also convinced Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to support his mediation efforts. These negotiations eventually resulted in a power-sharing agreement in August. Amjad Farid, a senior representative of the civilian group that engaged in talks with the military, stated that Abiy played a significant role. Abiy has implemented reforms domestically and internationally, publicly denouncing past abuses and distinguishing his administration from the previous one. He has also appointed former dissidents to key positions, such as Daniel Bekele, a former political prisoner who now leads the government's human rights commission and serves as Africa director at Human Rights Watch in New York. Birtukan Mideksa, who established a opposition party and was imprisoned following a controversial 2005 election, is now in charge of the electoral commission. However, there is often ethnic violence and efforts to address previous injustices have been sluggish. A reconciliation commission created in December lacks a clear mandate and expertise, and has only met twice, according to Laetitia Bader, an Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch. Bader stated that it is still uncertain whether this action will be more than just a superficial change. | 2 |
A senior member of Pakistan's ruling PML-N party, Interior Minister Ahsan Iqbal, was shot by a gunman as he left a meeting in Punjab province on Sunday. Iqbal is recovering in hospital from a bullet wound and is in stable condition, according to Minister of State for Interior Affairs Talal Chaudhry. Leaders from opposition parties have condemned the attack, although a prominent official from Imran Khan's PTI party suggested that ousted Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's large rallies protesting his removal may have contributed to the attack. Naeem ul Haq, chief of staff for former cricket star Khan, strongly condemns Nawaz Sharif's wild accusations against his opponents, stating that they are negatively impacting the political climate and causing tension and anger. He warns that if Sharif continues to spread poison, such incidents will persist. Despite being disqualified as prime minister by Pakistan's Supreme Court last July for unreported income, Sharif's party still holds a majority in parliament. Sharif has accused rival Khan of conspiring against him and has portrayed him as a puppet of the military establishment, which has a history of interference in Pakistani politics. Khan refutes allegations of collusion with the army, while the military denies involvement in politics. The recent attack on Sunday has heightened tensions leading up to the upcoming election in late July. Initial reports indicate that the attacker may have ties to a new Islamist political party that advocates for the death penalty for blasphemy and strict sharia law. Despite this, the Islamists deny any connection to the attacker. "We do not have weapons. We are engaged in a nonviolent struggle. Those plotting against Tehreek-e-Labaik will not achieve their goals," stated party leader Khadim Hussain Rizvi on Sunday, denouncing the attack on Iqbal. Rizvi emphasized that Labaik is striving peacefully to establish the Prophet's religion. According to police, Iqbal was shot in the right arm, and the bullet then entered his groin. The suspected shooter, identified as 21-year-old Abid Hussain, has not had a motive officially reported. Minister of state Chaudhry stated that religious radicalism was a part of the suspect's background, and that other individuals had been arrested while police were investigating groups that may have influenced the attack. He emphasized that radicalism is not an individual issue but a social problem, as individuals are often prepared ideologically by others. Labaik emerged from a protest movement in support of Mumtaz Qadri, who assassinated the governor of Punjab in 2011 over his stance on blasphemy laws. The movement's protests, including one that shut down the country's capital for three weeks, were sparked by changes to electoral laws that were deemed blasphemous. The recent assassination attempt on Iqbal has raised concerns about potential violence by Islamist groups ahead of the upcoming elections, recalling the violence that marred previous polls, such as the assassination of Benazir Bhutto in 2007. | 2 |
The demand for this essential component is greater than the supply, leading to a global race to develop technology and build factories in order to produce millions of electric cars. Batteries, once considered mundane, are now a key focus of innovation in the auto industry. While car manufacturing has remained largely unchanged and unprofitable for decades, the battery industry offers significant potential for growth and advancement. The rapid evolution of technology in this sector has the potential to create the next major industry innovator, similar to the impact of personal computers, mobile phones, or automobiles. Wood Mackenzie predicts that electric vehicles will account for 18 percent of new car sales by 2030. The demand for batteries is expected to increase by approximately eight times more than current factory production capacity. This estimate is considered conservative, as some analysts predict even faster growth in electric vehicle sales. Car manufacturers are competing to develop the most efficient and cost-effective battery technology. GM's recent announcement to transition to all electric vehicles by 2035 was seen as a significant milestone by policymakers and environmentalists. Many people in the battery industry saw the company's announcement as an obvious indication of the growing presence of electric vehicles. According to Venkat Viswanathan, an associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University, battery manufacturing is primarily controlled by companies like Tesla, Panasonic, LG Chem, BYD China, and SK Innovation, most of which are located in China, Japan, or South Korea. However, there are also numerous new players entering the market, and investors are eagerly investing in startups that they believe are on the verge of major advancements due to the potential for significant profits. Andy Palmer, former CEO of Aston Martin and current nonexecutive vice chairman of InoBat Auto, believes the electric vehicle industry is still in its early stages with abundant funding but limited innovative ideas. QuantumScape, a startup backed by Volkswagen and Bill Gates, is developing battery technology that promises cost-effectiveness, reliability, and faster charging. Despite lacking significant sales, the company's valuation surpasses that of Renault. Both China and the European Union are investing government funds in battery technology. China views batteries as essential for its goal of dominating the electric vehicle industry, and the Chinese government has assisted Contemporary Amperex Technology, a partially state-owned company, in rapidly becoming one of the world's largest battery suppliers. In a similar vein, the European Union is providing subsidies for battery production in order to prevent reliance on Asian suppliers and protect jobs in the auto industry. Recently, the European Commission announced a 2.9 billion euro fund to support battery manufacturing and research, in addition to the significant financial commitments already made by European governments and automakers towards electric vehicles and batteries, as reported by Accenture. A portion of government funding will be allocated to Tesla as a form of appreciation for the company's choice to establish a factory near Berlin. The United States is also anticipated to support the industry in line with President Joe Biden's emphasis on climate change and his advocacy for electric vehicles. In a campaign advertisement last year, Biden, who owns a 1967 Chevrolet Corvette, expressed his excitement about driving an electric version of the sports car if GM decides to produce one. Numerous battery factories are currently in the planning or construction stages in the United States, such as a facility GM is constructing in Ohio with LG. However, analysts believe that federal incentives for electric car and battery production will be vital in fostering a prosperous industry in the United States. Additionally, advancements in technology by government-funded researchers and domestic companies like QuantumScape and Tesla will also play a significant role in reducing costs and enhancing the performance of batteries. Margaret Mann, a group manager at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, acknowledged China's strong support for manufacturing and new development. She remains hopeful about the United States' potential to advance in battery production, although she believes that there are still unresolved issues. Entrepreneurs working in this field believe that American companies have the opportunity to surpass Asian producers in the industry despite the current lack of competitiveness in batteries. Jagdeep Singh, CEO of QuantumScape, emphasized the importance of improving batteries for a renewable energy economy. Overall, the significant investment in battery technology is seen as a positive development. It harnesses capitalism to address a global issue, but the transformation of the automobile industry will also have negative consequences for some, such as companies that manufacture parts for traditional vehicles and investors who back the wrong technologies. According to Venkat Srinivasan, director of the Argonne National Laboratory’s Collaborative Centre for Energy Storage Science, advancements in battery technology take time and unforeseen challenges can arise. Many believe that the increasing demand for batteries will benefit China, as the country is a major producer of battery metals and cells. China's dominance in battery production is expected to only slightly decrease in the next decade, despite efforts to increase production in Europe and the United States, according to Roland Berger. Tom Einar Jensen, the CEO of Freyr, emphasized the geopolitical significance of battery production and the European auto industry's desire to reduce reliance on imports from Asia, especially China. Freyr is planning to raise $850 million through a merger with Alussa Energy Acquisition Corp., which would result in a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. The company intends to manufacture batteries utilizing technology created by 24M Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The primary goal for the industry is to lower the cost of batteries. According to Srinivasan, electric car batteries for a midsize vehicle currently cost around $15,000, which is approximately double what they should be in order for electric cars to become widely accepted. To achieve these cost reductions, numerous small improvements can be made, such as producing batteries in close proximity to car factories to avoid shipping expenses, and minimizing waste, as noted by Roland Berger. Inefficient production methods currently result in approximately 10 percent of materials being wasted in the battery manufacturing process. However, a recent study by Roland Berger has cautioned that the increasing demand for raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel could result in higher prices, potentially offsetting some of the efficiency gains. The automotive industry is facing competition from electric utilities and other energy companies for batteries needed to store intermittent wind and solar power, leading to a further increase in demand. Jason Burwen, interim chief executive of the United States Energy Storage Association, has expressed concerns about a possible supply shortage this year. To address this issue, a new category of companies has emerged to develop alternative materials that are more affordable and readily available to replace costly minerals used in batteries. One example is OneD Material, a company based in San Jose, California, which produces a substance resembling used coffee grounds for use in anodes, the electrodes that transmit power from batteries during vehicle operation. The material is created using silicon, which is readily available and cost-effective, in order to lessen the reliance on graphite, which is rarer and more costly. In the future, the ultimate goal for the industry is solid state batteries, which would replace the liquid lithium solution in current batteries with solid layers of a lithium compound. Solid state batteries are expected to be more stable, less likely to overheat, and allow for quicker charging times. Additionally, they would be lighter in weight. Toyota Motor Co. and other companies have made significant investments in this technology and have already achieved success in developing solid state batteries. The challenge lies in producing a large quantity of batteries at an affordable price. QuantumScape has generated much excitement by claiming to have discovered a material that addresses a key obstacle to mass production of solid state batteries - their tendency to short circuit due to imperfections. Despite this, it is generally believed that solid state batteries will not be extensively accessible until approximately 2030. Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, stated that mass producing batteries is extremely difficult during a recent conference call with analysts, noting that creating prototypes is a much simpler task. Scaling up production is extremely challenging. Having a degree in electrochemistry is currently very advantageous, as those who possess knowledge of materials such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt are crucial to the development of batteries. Jakub Reiter, who has had a passion for battery chemistry since his teenage years, was recruited by BMW in 2011 while conducting graduate research in Germany. Last year, he was hired by InoBat to assist in establishing a factory in Slovakia, where major car manufacturers like Volkswagen, Kia, Peugeot, and Jaguar Land Rover are located. Reiter currently serves as the head of science at InoBat, a company that offers technology enabling customers to efficiently create batteries for various purposes, such as a cost-effective option for a commuter vehicle or a high-performance model for a roadster. Reiter noted that two decades ago, batteries were not a major focus, but now there is fierce competition and significant challenges in the industry. | 2 |
Following the protests that shook Brazil in June, Rousseff has requested Congress to organize a non-binding national vote, or plebiscite, to determine the desires of the Brazilian people. She has outlined several key areas for potential change, such as campaign finance reform and a shift from proportional representation to district voting. Recent polls indicate that Rousseff's approval ratings have dropped significantly, suggesting a threat to her chances of re-election. The protests, which drew over 1 million people, highlighted dissatisfaction with government services and spending, leading to a call for more effective and transparent governance. While the protests targeted politicians in general, Rousseff has emphasized the importance of consulting the people through a plebiscite. In Brazil, all members of Congress have substitutes who can take their place if they resign, such as to accept a Cabinet position. President Rousseff is also pushing for public input on the rules that allow lawmakers to be elected with support from other parties' voters. A poll showed that 81% of Brazilians support the street protests for change and 68% are in favor of a plebiscite. However, Rousseff's opponents believe this popular vote is a tactic to divert attention from important issues like lack of investment in infrastructure and to regain support before the next election. Senator Alvaro Dias, leader of the main opposition party in the Senate, argues that many of Rousseff's proposed reforms are already covered in existing congressional bills, making a rushed plebiscite unnecessary and a waste of resources. He believes the government is using this as a political distraction from more pressing concerns. The possibility of a fiasco looms over the plebiscite, presenting a risk to Rousseff as her main ally, the PMDB party, prefers congressional reform over a popular vote. Political analyst Andre Cesar warns of potential challenges, including the vote not taking place or Congress debating the end of presidential re-election. Despite Rousseff's strong approval rating and status as the frontrunner for the 2014 election, some analysts question whether the plebiscite is the best method for gaining support. According to them, Rousseff should concentrate on controlling inflation and reviving the Brazilian economy, which has been mostly inactive for the past two years. While smaller protests are still occurring in Brazil, the main catalyst for the large demonstrations has ended with the conclusion of the Confederations Cup, a prelude to the upcoming soccer World Cup. Other challenges remain, including major labor unions in Brazil planning a day of marches on July 11 to advocate for their demands, such as a shorter work week. | 2 |
The graduate shows in May, which are like a final exam for designers, are not only a traditional academic milestone but also a chance to network, create a portfolio, and potentially find job opportunities. However, this year was different due to the coronavirus pandemic, which led to the school closing, lessons going online, and the cancellation of the final show. Instead, there was a digital presentation on June 17 where each student could only display two looks and a 90-second video. For Ives, a 24-year-old American with a strong ambition who has started his own label and worked with Rihanna's fashion brand Fenty, the past two months have been challenging. Ives, who has diabetes and spent three months isolated in his apartment during the pandemic, reflected on whether he would have pursued a postgraduate degree if he had known four years ago that he would be graduating without a degree show and learning remotely for months. This question has also been considered by other students, as the pandemic has disrupted universities worldwide and raised concerns about the future of higher education. Even prestigious institutions are facing staff layoffs and reevaluating earnings as international students question the high tuition fees in the uncertain global climate. Students of all backgrounds are now reconsidering their plans for college, including those interested in fashion careers. In the past, obtaining a degree from prestigious fashion schools such as Central Saint Martins, Parsons, and Royal Academy of Arts has been a costly yet worthwhile investment for individuals seeking to break into the highly competitive fashion industry. Over the last ten years, the business of fashion education has flourished alongside the industry, with a rise in courses offered by established institutions and new private schools like the Condé Nast College of Fashion & Design. These programs offer specialized courses, networking opportunities, and internships. However, the outbreak of the coronavirus has led to travel restrictions and a decrease in enrollment deposits. Valérie Berdah Levy, director of the Paris campus of Istituto Marangoni, acknowledged that their revenue will likely decrease next year due to various factors such as students' concerns about traveling to Europe and potential financial challenges faced by parents. The adjustments made by art schools in response to the pandemic earlier this year may influence their plans for the upcoming fall semester, with schools like the Royal College of Art in London considering focusing on presentation and research at the beginning of the academic year and teaching digital skills for remote work. Broach's graduates are currently working on a RCA2020 "digital discovery platform" where each student will have their own page. This platform will be live between July 16-31. Despite the challenges of the new reality, there have been some positive aspects. One of them is the higher caliber of speakers from the industry, as anyone can now participate in events through Zoom. This has led to extraordinary speakers and more ambitious debates on using the current situation as a catalyst for meaningful industry change. For example, Sir Jonathan Ive, Virgil Abloh, and Olafur Eliasson recently spoke at an event. Additionally, Walter van Beirendonck organized digital "blind dates" for his master's students with fashion stars like Stephen Jones and Raf Simons. This year at the Savannah College of Art and Design in Georgia, fashion and accessory graduates showcased their final projects online to a group of 50 industry judges, including designer Christopher John Rogers and Bruce Pask, the men's fashion director of Bergdorf Goodman. Michael Fink, the dean of the school of fashion at SCAD, acknowledged that students missed the in-person experience of being together and interacting with fabrics, and that some students found it difficult to adjust to working from home. We have shifted our focus from just finished final collections to how designers respond to crisis. It remains to be seen whether fashion students, especially those from China, who have expectations beyond just a degree, will appreciate these changes. Universities in English-speaking countries, particularly Britain, Australia, and the United States, rely heavily on tuition fees from Chinese students, which are higher than those paid by local students. Concerns are growing that enrollment levels could drop due to travel restrictions and Chinese students' dissatisfaction with the West's handling of public health. Sir Nigel Carrington, vice-chancellor of the University of the Arts London, stated that international acceptances are currently on track with last year, but there are worries about actual enrollments. The university has around 20,000 students, with roughly 3,000 being Chinese, split evenly between British and international students across six colleges. The government of Britain sets an annual cap on fees for British students at approximately $11,500, while international students face fees of around $25,000. However, flights to Britain from countries like China are not expected to resume until at least August. Many students are facing delays in starting the fall term due to difficulties in taking the required language test for studying or working in Britain, caused by a backlog in applications. Some scientists are forecasting a potential second wave of coronavirus in the fall, adding to the challenges faced by students and universities. A fee increase related to Brexit is expected in 2021, potentially prompting more students from the EU to enroll before the change. This may help counteract the decline in Chinese enrollment, but only temporarily. Despite this, the demand for courses at top art and design institutions remains high. However, less competitive schools may face more serious consequences from the pandemic, with many lecturers facing unemployment, especially those on temporary contracts with limited benefits. An article in The Art Newspaper highlighted that layoffs and contract non-renewals at British arts universities could disproportionately impact women and people of color. During a time when many people in the fashion education industry are calling for increased diversity and representation within their institutions, the identity of the teachers could play a larger role in students' decision-making process. Despite uncertainties about future demand, schools must acknowledge the fears of young people worldwide while also continuing with their educational offerings. Graduating students are hopeful that they will have access to workshops to complete their portfolios, which are crucial for job searches. However, job opportunities in fashion studios have decreased significantly since the beginning of the pandemic. Some smaller luxury brands such as Sies Marjan and Peter Pilotto have shut down recently, and even large fashion houses in countries like France and Italy have had to lay off or furlough many seamstresses and patternmakers. Ives, a graduate of Central Saint Martins, had planned to focus on her own label after working for big companies, but the risks of starting a new business during a major recession are daunting. She, like many of her peers, is uncertain about her future plans. | 2 |
Last week, a friendly Amazon employee at the opening of a Whole Foods Market in Washington's Glover Park neighborhood greeted me with a question about starting my shopping experience by scanning a QR code in the Amazon app. I opted to use my palm for entry, scanning both hands on a kiosk and linking them to my Amazon account in under a minute. I then used my right palm to enter the technologically advanced grocery store and spent the next 30 minutes shopping. I bought a bag of cauliflower florets, grapefruit sparkling water, strawberries, and organic chicken sausages. Cameras and sensors tracked my purchases in real time, creating a virtual shopping cart. I didn't need a cashier; I just walked out and Amazon would bill my account later. Amazon purchased Whole Foods for $13 billion over four years ago. The grocery chain's transformation by Amazon is now fully complete with the renovated Whole Foods store in Glover Park. Amazon had previously made small changes to its more than 500 stores in the US and Britain, such as discounts and free delivery for Prime members. However, the 21,000-square-foot Whole Foods in Glover Park, along with a prototype store in Los Angeles, marks a significant advancement in Amazon's influence, with the stores being largely operated by tracking and robotic technology for the first time. The technology, called Just Walk Out, utilizes numerous cameras to monitor customers and sensors under each item in the store. Advanced software analyzes shopping behavior to improve accuracy in charging customers. This technology is similar to that found in driverless cars and can detect when a product is taken from a shelf, freezer, or produce bin, automatically keeping track of items and charging customers upon leaving the store. Anyone, regardless of Prime membership, can shop without going to a cash register by using their Amazon account. Amazon has been testing this automation for over four years with Amazon Go and Amazon Fresh stores. The palm-scanning technology, Amazon One, is also being used by other businesses such as a convenience store at Dallas Love Field Airport and Shaquille O'Neal's restaurant in Seattle. These stores have served as valuable experiments, according to Dilip Kumar, Amazon's vice president of physical retail and technology. Whole Foods is seen as another step in Amazon's expansion into retail stores. Kumar stated that they identified problem areas for customers and worked diligently to find solutions to ease their difficulties. They noticed that customers disliked waiting in checkout lines and came up with the idea for Just Walk Out. He did not mention if Amazon intended to implement this technology in all Whole Foods stores. According to my colleague Karen Weise at The New York Times, Amazon operates with long-term goals, executing changes slowly with patience and resources. This approach has enabled them to revolutionize labor, retail, and logistics over the years. Groceries are just a small part of its goals. The Whole Foods in Glover Park has been serving the neighborhood for over 20 years, being a vital part of the community near Embassy Row and the vice president's Naval Observatory residence. Despite closing four years ago due to a landlord dispute and rat infestation, Amazon has announced plans to reopen the store as a Just Walk Out pilot project. While the rat problem may have been resolved, the neighborhood still has concerns. The renovated store has caused a lively local discussion among residents on various online platforms, with some debating the store's new "dystopian" atmosphere compared to its impressive technology. Some neighbors fondly remembered the store's previous inviting atmosphere with free samples and blueberry pancakes. One long-time resident of Glover Park, Alex Levin, believes that the community should embrace the changes and understand the advantages and disadvantages of the technology. He shared an amusing anecdote about trying to trick the store's cameras and sensors, but ultimately failing. Others mentioned discovering mistakes in their bills and were unhappy about the change from purchasing produce by weight to purchasing it by item, bundle, or box. Some expressed sadness over the absence of checkout lines, where they enjoyed browsing magazines and last-minute items. Many were wary of the tracking technology, with one individual comparing it to George Orwell's novel "1984." Allen Hengst, a 72-year-old retired librarian, made this comparison. Amazon stated that it did not intend to utilize video and other customer information from Whole Foods for advertising or its recommendation system. Customers who do not wish to partake in the new technology can simply enter the store without signing in and use self-checkout kiosks to pay with a credit card or cash. As a loyal customer of the Glover Park Whole Foods, I had fond memories of the old store and was eager to see the changes. However, as I navigated through the store and encountered the palm scan and six-pack banana bundles, I began to feel unsure. I also observed a sign at the entrance prohibiting shoppers from taking photos or videos inside. I looked up at the ceiling and saw numerous small black plastic boxes hanging from the rafters. An employee then informed me that those were the cameras that would track me during my shopping trip. There were workers at the entrance assisting customers with check-in, as well as staff behind the seafood counter, cheese station, and produce sections. Although Kumar mentioned that the stores would continue to have human employees, I couldn't help but wonder for how much longer. Amazon, which has faced criticism for its treatment of workers, announced that employees may have their roles evolve to involve more interaction with customers for answering inquiries. This suggests a potential shift towards a more self-service model in the future. A recent experience at a bakery revealed a similar trend, as customers were directed to use an industry-grade bread slicer themselves, with a warning label cautioning about the sharp blades and moving parts. Kumar refused to provide information on the effectiveness of Just Walk Out, so I decided to test the technology myself. I took an organic avocado and placed it among nonorganic avocados. After browsing the store, I returned to pick up the same avocado. If the cameras and sensors were working correctly, Amazon would detect the misplaced organic avocado and charge me for it. When I was done shopping, I could either use a self-checkout kiosk or skip the process altogether. I chose the second option and once again passed my hand over the exit turnstile. The turnstile opened and an employee mentioned that I should expect to receive my receipt in two to three hours. As I left, I felt uncomfortable, worried that I might be perceived as a shoplifter. I received an email from Amazon in my email inbox an hour later. The email contained a link that directed me to my Amazon account where I could view the details. According to the email, my shopping session lasted 32 minutes and 26 seconds, and my total bill was $34.35. I was accurately charged for the organic avocado. | 2 |
The investors, including Aviva's fund arm and Swedish state pension funds, sent a letter to food companies on Sept 23 urging them to address the risks of industrial farming and transition to plant-based protein sources. Kraft Heinz, Nestle, Unilever, Tesco, and Walmart were among the companies contacted, according to a statement by the Farm Animal Investment Risk & Return Initiative. Jeremy Coller, founder of FAIRR and chief investment officer at Coller Capital, warned of a potential financial, social, and environmental crisis due to the reliance on factory farmed livestock for protein. Coller emphasized the need for companies to develop strategies to avoid this crisis and capitalize on the growing plant-based protein market. The campaign is based on a study from Oxford University which suggests that significant cost savings in healthcare and climate change could be achieved by 2050 if people consumed less meat. The initiative aims to encourage companies to promote more sustainable diets by reducing meat consumption and expanding the market for plant-based protein alternatives. This approach would also make companies' protein supply chains more resilient to future challenges. FAIRR has also reached out to other companies such as General Mills, Mondelez International, Ahold-Delhaize, The Co-operative Group, Costco Wholesale Corporation, Kroger Company, Marks & Spencer, Wm Morrison Supermarkets, Ocado, Sainsbury's, and Whole Foods Market. | 2 |
Maibam Sharat, the second in a group of six friends, was walking with his hands up in the air as ordered by Indian troops when a soldier from an armoured car opened fire. His friend Ranbir, who was walking in front of him, was shot in the stomach. The troops, who were in Manipur to fight separatist militants, initially took him to their camp instead of getting medical help. After pressure from locals, they finally took him to the hospital, but it was too late as Ranbir had already taken seven bullets and lost too much blood. Sharat, a driver from Nongpok Semai, believes the soldiers may have been venting their frustration and anger after a previous attack by militants. Human rights organizations and political parties believe that Ranbir's killing is just one example of the many abuses carried out by the military in Manipur, where a federal anti-terror law, the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act or AFSPA, shields soldiers from prosecution. AFSPA has become a major issue as Manipur's 2.6 million residents begin voting for a new legislature in a three-stage poll. Most parties agree that the law, which only affects parts of India's northeast and Kashmir in the northwest, should be abolished or significantly amended. "If we are elected, we will work to repeal AFSPA in the first session of the new legislature," stated Sovakiran Singh, a legislator representing the Heirok constituency, where Nongpok Sekmai is located. However, the central government in New Delhi has the power to override the state government and reinstate the law if necessary. Singh is hopeful that the government will take action in response to the pressure from Manipur, where 20,000 people have died in a separatist rebellion since the 1960s. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) grants soldiers extensive authority to search, arrest, and potentially kill suspected militants without facing immediate danger. Soldiers can only be prosecuted with approval from the central government, which is rare. This law was enacted in 1958 to combat separatist violence in northeast India, with the army arguing that it provides necessary protection from politically motivated accusations. However, human rights organizations argue that the powers granted by AFSPA have created a climate where security forces can commit abuses such as torture, rape, and murder without consequences. "They say that this has only increased anger and led to more insurgents. According to Pradip Phanjoubam, editor of the Imphal Free Press, AFSPA is a result of the state's extreme paranoia. A senior official from the Border Security Force, whose soldiers were part of the Nongpok Sekmai incident, claimed they were responding to gunfire from militants, but few in the village trust his explanation. Manipur, located 1,500 miles away from New Delhi, is considered one of India's most troubled regions, yet it remains largely overlooked by the nation." Soldiers are present in abundance, and there have been multiple instances in the past five years where the state has experienced unrest due to allegations of soldiers killing innocent people. Despite public outrage and protests, there was a slight increase in extra-judicial killings last year, with 18 documented cases according to Babloo Loitongbam, director of Manipur's Human Rights Alert. Phanjoubam and Loitongbam believe that instead of a military approach, New Delhi should focus on a political solution to address the insurgency in Manipur and bring development to the underdeveloped state. The ability of political parties to exert genuine pressure for change in this regard remains uncertain. The Congress party, in power in Manipur since 2002, has hesitated to take action on AFSPA. Sonia Gandhi, the party chief, informed Manipuris that the government is thoroughly reviewing the recommendations of an expert panel that proposed changes to the law 18 months ago. However, many Manipuris are still doubtful about any actual changes happening. | 2 |
Christian Chapman, 41, likened his experience during Better.com's orientation to the thrill of a new relationship. The benefits were abundant, the company's mission was strong, and Chapman, a mortgage underwriting trainer, quickly became enamored. He and his colleagues enthusiastically exclaimed "LGTM!" - short for "Let's Get That Money." However, warning signs soon emerged. One significant incident was a video call last summer in which Vishal Garg, the company's CEO, went on a profanity-laced tirade about outperforming competitors, leading Chapman to mute the call and escort his young daughter out of the room. Then, just last month, Garg terminated 900 Better.com employees, including Chapman, approximately 9% of the workforce, through a recorded Zoom call that was later shared online. Garg later apologized for his actions, but just over a week later, the company's board announced that the founder and chief executive would be "taking time off" from his role. For nearly two years, employees have been working from couches and communicating through instant messages. The workforce, which had experienced significant changes, has reevaluated how people should be treated in a corporate environment. Angelina Darrisaw, CEO of C-Suite Coach, noted that there has been a decrease in tolerance for difficult bosses, as seen by the increased interest in her executive coaching services last year. "You can't just wake up one day and be a leader," she remarked. "Companies are now focusing on ensuring that their managers are properly trained to lead." The recent emphasis on workplace behavior follows years of public discussions about appropriate conduct in the office. The #MeToo movement led to numerous executives resigning due to allegations of sexual misconduct. The Black Lives Matter protests, triggered by the death of George Floyd, prompted corporate leaders to apologize for past discriminatory actions and commit to improving diversity in their workforce. Additionally, the disruption caused by the pandemic has caused individuals to reevaluate the negative aspects of office culture that they previously overlooked. Some people are stating that they no longer want to work for unpleasant individuals. However, being rude is not against the law, which complicates the issue of dealing with mean colleagues. The definition of a bully is subjective and can vary depending on the person's perspective. The popular culture image in recent years is of a demanding and high-standards boss, such as Meryl Streep's character in "The Devil Wears Prada." In reality, bad behavior by bosses can range from mildly uncomfortable to outright offensive. The founder's strong vision and ambition can sometimes make it challenging for staff to question his temperament, as seen with Garg accusing fired employees of stealing by not working enough hours. Similarly, Hollywood mogul Scott Rudin, known for his acclaimed work, also exhibited aggressive behavior towards his subordinates. Another example is Steph Korey, former CEO of Away, who enforced a demanding work culture that required loyalty and constant Slack activity. In a message to her staff, she expressed her hope that everyone in the group would appreciate the effort she had put into creating a career development opportunity, and asked them to stop requesting time off. She also mentioned Oracle's Larry Ellison, who once referred to his leadership style as "management by ridicule," stating that one must be good at intellectual intimidation and rhetorical bullying. Tessa West, a social psychologist at New York University, wrote a book called "Jerks at Work" that outlines different types of bad personalities such as the bulldozer, free rider, gaslighter, and kiss up/kick downer. A lot of the instances she discusses involve supervisors, who are usually more difficult to report. West's interest in the topic is personal, as she experienced workplace harassment during her time at the University of Connecticut. A peer engaged in various forms of sabotage, such as providing incorrect meeting times and criticizing her clothing choices. Despite the comments not clearly violating any rules of conduct, West was unsure about addressing the issue further. West reflected on how the climate has changed and how certain behaviors are now seen as inappropriate. Going to work has always involved dealing with unpleasant aspects like commuting and pre-coffee conversations, as well as following orders from superiors even early in the morning. However, over the past year, some individuals have noticed a shift in power dynamics between employees and employers. This change could be attributed to the significant number of people resigning from their jobs, with a record 4.5 million Americans quitting in November. Alternatively, it could be due to the uncertainty surrounding office return plans. More workers are feeling more empowered to speak up to their managers, with the definition of being your full self at work changing to include activities like meditation and conversations about how the company supports the community. Jacquelyn Carter, 26, initially did not plan to quit her job during the pandemic, but the accumulation of small offenses eventually led her to leave her position at a nonprofit in Houston. Some coworkers frequently forgot her name, while others spoke over her in meetings. A manager at her workplace criticized one of her ideas as "stupid." As a Black woman, she faced insensitive comments from white colleagues. When she was at home, she realized she didn't have to deal with remarks about her appearance in the hallway. She saw TikToks of people celebrating leaving jobs they disliked, known as QuitTok, featuring songs like Destiny's Child's "Bills, Bills, Bills" and Cardi B's "Money." One popular post showed three women dancing offscreen with text explaining the toxic work environment. This motivated her to leave her employer due to a mean colleague, leading her to search for new opportunities and eventually join Darrisaw's firm. The negative experiences shared in the bad-boss-goodbye posts motivated some individuals to transition from retail to office jobs, such as Kristofer Flatt, who was previously employed at a large retail store in Arkansas. Flatt's managers disregarded his requests for better protective gear, assigned him tasks without clear instructions, and questioned his need for time off to attend a funeral. As a result, he left his job in the spring of 2020 and secured a position in a corporate setting. Janine Yancey, the founder of Emtrain, emphasized the importance of creating a positive work culture in order to attract top talent, noting that many companies have not invested enough in developing leadership and management skills in recent years. Yancey, a former employment lawyer, realized that legal reform alone would not create the workplace changes she wanted to see after watching Ellen Pao lose her gender discrimination lawsuit in 2015. She believes that society as a whole needs to change, not just laws. Shani Ospina works to speed up this societal change as a professional jerk patroller. An executive coach from Strategyzer, a software and consulting company, conducts 90-minute screenings to evaluate the personality fit of job candidates, emphasizing the importance of teamwork. She begins by asking candidates what aspect of themselves they are most proud of, then delves deeper by inquiring about what they would like to change, with the belief that recognizing failures and striving for improvement is key to distinguishing between average individuals and hardcore jerks. Strategyzer's founder, Alex Osterwalder, highlights qualities such as blaming colleagues, rejecting feedback, and gossiping as common jerk behaviors, underscoring the significance of screening for nonjerkiness in addition to technical skills. The negative impact of being rude or incompetent on productivity is similar. Competent individuals who are also rude can have significant consequences, especially in a corporate environment where results are valued more than the means of achieving them. At Baird, a financial services firm, this principle is taken seriously and is even included in company policy. New employees are explicitly told about the company's "no asshole rule" during their orientation and it is incorporated into their training materials. Leslie Dixon, who is the head of human resources, has terminated employees for breaking the policy. Dixon believes that by clearly stating the policy in writing and discussing it during the onboarding process and throughout an employee's career, it encourages open communication about behavior that may not be illegal but can still be uncomfortable. The team at Strategyzer, who enforces Baird's policy, understand that rudeness is not a fixed characteristic and employees are not fired for minor mistakes. Even Beth Kavelaris, the director of culture and integration at the company, received feedback in the past that made her reconsider her behavior. Kavelaris remembered receiving criticism from their boss about needing to improve their listening skills, admitting to interrupting her during the conversation. Kavelaris acknowledged that they have since improved in this area and have not received similar feedback in a long time. Recently, Garg, who had previously fired 900 employees over Zoom, issued an apology to his team at Better.com. In the apology, he admitted to failing to show proper respect and appreciation for those affected by the layoffs and vowed to do better in the future. The apology also included a commitment to transparency and sharing the company's goals for 2022. His downfall occurred at a time when almost every company is focused on retaining talent. Without a strong staff, it is impossible to meet performance targets. Companies are starting to understand that misconduct is a major factor in employee turnover. Darrisaw, from C-Suite Coach, assists companies in evaluating their workplace culture and identifying any issues that may be causing employees to consider leaving certain teams. "That frequently indicates the type of management style that is in place." On occasion, employees may publicly criticize their harsh coworkers, while in other instances, this responsibility falls on those who are resigning instead. This suggests that the season of resignations could cause problems for the difficult individuals. ©2022 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
The election serves as a significant test of public approval for the military government led by Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, who has restricted political activities since taking power in a coup in 2014. Surveys indicated a slight preference for approving the new constitution, but many voters remained undecided. Initial results were anticipated to be announced at 8pm local time. Prayuth stated he would not step down if the constitution is rejected and promised an election next year regardless of the outcome. He urged Thai citizens to vote after casting his own ballot on Sunday. Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha encouraged all citizens to participate in voting to determine the country's future during an interview at a polling station in northwest Bangkok. Despite his remarks, he faced criticism from a woman who questioned his ability to govern and protect the nation before being escorted away by security. Approximately 200,000 police officers were present during the vote in Thailand, and despite the rejection of the constitution by the country's major political parties, there were no reports of protests or disturbances. The ruling junta, also known as the National Council for Peace and Order, has prohibited any criticism of the constitution, leading to the detention and charges against numerous individuals who have spoken out against it, including politicians and student activists. Critics argue that the constitution is an effort by the military to address their failure to eliminate former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and his populist policies from Thai politics following his removal in a 2006 coup. Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha has been in power during a period of more than ten years of political unrest in Thailand since Thaksin's ousting. Despite living in self-imposed exile, Thaksin still wields significant influence, especially among his supporters in the rural areas of the country. In 2011, Yingluck's sister rose to power through a decisive electoral victory, only to be removed from office by Prayuth in a coup three years later. Despite being banned from politics for five years for mismanaging a rice scheme, Yingluck still participated in the voting process and encouraged others to do the same. Thaksin criticized the new constitution, claiming it would further entrench the junta's control and hinder effective governance in Thailand. Reuters interviews with high-ranking military officials revealed that the military's goal is to prevent future coups by implementing a new constitution that weakens political parties and gives the military a role in overseeing the country's economic and political development. The proposed constitution, the 20th in Thailand's history since the military ended absolute monarchy in 1932, includes a junta-appointed Senate with seats reserved for military leaders to limit the power of elected officials. In Khon Kaen, a city in northeastern Thailand, voters lined up outside the rebuilt city hall, which was destroyed during political unrest in 2010. Farmer Thongyoon Khaenkhaomeng, who voted in a nearby school, expressed his desire for the country to improve and voted in support of the constitution in hopes of ending Thailand's divisions. Day laborer Decha Shangkamanee explained that he voted against the charter due to his dislike of the junta, but he did not believe the referendum would have a significant impact on the country's governance. Former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra expressed her hope for improvement in the country after voting, while farmer Thongyoon Khaenkhaomeng, who voted in favor of the constitution, stated that he wanted to see an end to Thailand's divisions. Day laborer Decha Shangkamanee explained that he voted against the charter because he disliked the junta, but he did not believe the referendum would bring about significant change. He expressed skepticism about the current ruling system in the country. The vote took place amid concerns about the health of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, 88, with the military traditionally using its role as protector of the monarch to justify its involvement in politics. The United Nations is advocating for more communication between the military and political adversaries, regardless of the outcome of the vote, according to Luc Stevens, the UN chief in Thailand. He stated to Reuters before the referendum that reconciliation cannot occur if one group insists on dictating the terms. To ensure that no one is left behind in the country, it is important to have an inclusive process, open dialogue, and allow people to freely express their opinions. In Chaiyaphum, two students were arrested for distributing leaflets opposing the referendum, according to Police Colonel Aram Prajit. Despite the ban on campaigning, the military junta has mobilized thousands of cadets to encourage Thailand's 50 million eligible voters to participate in the referendum. The Election Commission is aiming for an 80 percent voter turnout. Amnesty International stated that the junta had established a frightening atmosphere before the election by committing widespread human rights abuses. | 2 |
While Ukraine successfully conducted a peaceful presidential election, the situation in the eastern part of the country, near the Russian border, remains unpredictable. Armed groups have been attacking Ukrainian government forces and taking control of state buildings. The G7 announced their readiness to impose stricter sanctions on Russia if needed. German Chancellor Angela Merkel emphasized the importance of stabilizing the situation in Ukraine, especially after Russia's annexation of Crimea in March. If there is no progress in resolving the issues, heavier sanctions could be implemented. Despite minor sanctions already imposed, further measures were threatened if the May 25 elections were disrupted. With the elections proceeding smoothly, some believe that Russia may be more cooperative, potentially reducing the need for additional sanctions. However, the statement released on Wednesday indicates that the West is not yet convinced that President Vladimir Putin is taking sufficient steps to ease tensions. Russia denies involvement in the uprising in eastern Ukraine, where pro-Moscow militias have seized buildings, attacked Ukrainian forces, and declared independence. Despite being excluded from the G7 summit for the first time since joining in 1997, Putin will meet with Merkel, Hollande, and Cameron at a D-Day anniversary event in France. The focus is on what is discussed in these meetings rather than who Putin is meeting with. Obama has avoided contact with Putin and instead met with Ukrainian President Poroshenko in Warsaw, expressing support for the new leadership. Poroshenko has expressed willingness to meet with Putin for peace talks, although no meeting has been scheduled yet. The G7 summit will also address economic, trade, climate, and energy policies, with a particular emphasis on energy security in Europe, which relies heavily on Russian oil and gas. The leaders will issue a separate statement emphasizing the importance of ensuring the security of energy supplies and condemning the use of energy as a tool for political coercion or security threats. The crisis in Ukraine highlights the importance of prioritizing energy security in our collective agenda and calls for a significant change in how we diversify energy supplies. The economic discussion among G7 members, including the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Britain, Japan, and Italy, is expected to focus on sustaining economic recovery and implementing stricter regulations to prevent future banking sector issues. Leaders will also reaffirm their commitment to completing financial reforms this year, including addressing the issue of "too-big-to-fail" banking. | 2 |
Russia has expanded its military presence to the borders of NATO countries, including the Baltic nations, after invading Ukraine and stationing troops in Belarus. If Russia successfully takes control of Ukraine and maintains bases in Belarus, it will be more challenging for NATO to defend its eastern flank. The proximity of Russian forces in Belarus to Kaliningrad, a territory with missiles capable of reaching Europe, increases the risk for conflict in Europe and beyond. This situation has significantly raised the level of risk for NATO according to experts. Russia's goal is to eliminate Ukraine as an independent nation in Europe. It is now necessary to be concerned about all aspects of this situation and to take the matter seriously. In response to the Russian military buildup, NATO has taken initial steps by deploying additional troops and aircraft to member states near Russia. Further deployments have been decided upon, and there are talks about potentially ending the 1997 NATO-Russia Founding Act, which restricted NATO deployments in Eastern European countries - a restriction that Russia violated when it invaded Ukraine and took over Crimea eight years ago. NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg has warned that Russia's actions are a serious threat to Euro-Atlantic security and will have significant geopolitical consequences. NATO is increasing its defensive forces in Eastern Europe, along with maritime assets. The presence of Russian troops on NATO's eastern border changes the dynamics of any discussions with Moscow about reconfiguring Europe's security framework. Even if there is a significant increase in military spending in response to the new Russian invasion, similar to the modest increase after Russia took Crimea, establishing new and permanent deployments of forces, equipment, planes, and missiles will have a significant impact on the peace, prosperity, and complacency that the alliance has experienced over the past 30 years. According to Lesser, NATO had been preoccupied with non-core responsibilities like climate and cyber issues, neglecting the fact that there are ruthless individuals who see foreign policy as a brutal competition. NATO is currently reevaluating its strategic concept and discussing a successor for Stoltenberg, who steps down on Oct 1, which are now seen as urgent tasks. Lesser also mentioned that NATO is already shifting its focus to consider its overall purpose more broadly. According to Benjamin Hodges, a former US forces commander in Europe who is now with the Centre for European Policy Analysis, deterring Russia's new aggression will be a complex task. Moving troops and equipment around in post-Cold War Europe has become more challenging due to some bridges and railways being unable to handle heavy armor. Hodges mentioned that political leaders will be surprised at the time it takes to transport items due to EU road regulations and lack of special priority on the German rail system. Additionally, NATO lacks significant air and missile defenses for a modern air war that targets infrastructure like airports, roads, and rail. Hodges also pointed out that protecting the US air base at Ramstein would require an entire battalion of Patriot missiles, but there is only one Patriot battalion in Europe. During the Cold War, the Fulda Gap in Germany was a concern that required heavy US troop defense to prevent tanks from East Germany reaching the Rhine River. The current concern is the Suwalki Corridor, a narrow passage connecting Poland to Lithuania that, if taken over, would isolate the three Baltic nations from the rest of NATO. This corridor separates Belarus from Kaliningrad, the headquarters of the Russian Baltic Fleet and cut off from Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Robert Kagan of the Brookings Institution suggested that an empowered Putin may demand direct access from Belarus to Kaliningrad. This could be part of a new Russian strategy to disconnect the Baltics from NATO and show that the alliance cannot protect these countries. Bond emphasized the urgent need for the United States to deploy two heavy battalions in Poland and increase military presence in the Baltic states. In 2016, NATO decided to station battalions in Poland and the Baltic nations for the first time, referred to as an "enhanced forward presence." Each battalion consists of approximately 1,100 soldiers who are combat-ready but relatively small in size, serving more as a warning rather than a significant obstacle to a Russian advance. Additionally, in 2014, NATO formed a "very high readiness joint task force" currently led by Turkey, designed to quickly respond to threats against NATO sovereignty. This task force includes a land brigade with about 5,000 troops, along with air, sea, and special forces support, with the ability to bring in more reinforcements within 30 days. However, the effectiveness of the smaller force remains unproven, and the larger Response Force it is part of is only a quarter of the size of the Russian invasion force in Ukraine. The larger force established in 2002 was designed to be quickly deployable, but its 40,000 members are currently based in their home countries, making mobilization a slow process. There are concerns about NATO members fulfilling their promise to provide weapons to Ukraine in its conflict against Russia, as well as doubts about the feasibility of delivering arms to Ukraine through air, rail, or road without interference from the Russian military. Additionally, supporting an insurgency against Russia would be risky due to the proximity of the Russian military. Given the tense atmosphere, accidental confrontations leading to escalation cannot be discounted. Analysts are pointing to the incident in 2015 when Turkey shot down a Russian fighter plane near the Syria-Turkey border as a potential escalation point. The arms control agreements that aimed to prevent conflicts during the Cold War are now mostly defunct, leading to new risks associated with conventional forces and medium-range missiles. Russia has been actively engaged in cyberwarfare, including hacking the German Parliament, meddling in the last French election, and spreading disinformation on social media in various languages. In light of these new threats, there is a call for stronger cooperation between the European Union and NATO on defense to counter these challenges. Working together on areas such as economic sanctions, cyber resilience, energy security, and information warfare can benefit both organizations, especially since the majority of EU members are also part of NATO. Bond emphasized the importance of maintaining a sense of European autonomy and self-reliance, while also recognizing the necessity of American involvement. There is concern in Europe about the future leadership of the United States, with doubts about President Joe Biden's potential re-election and fears of a return to isolationist policies under a different leader. Bond stressed the need for Europe to increase military spending and efficiency to address real capability needs, stating that these measures are now crucial rather than simply idealistic notions. | 2 |
Corporate leaders in Germany are facing criticism following a police raid on Klaus Zumwinkel, CEO of Deutsche Post, for suspected tax evasion. This scandal, along with previous scandals involving Volkswagen and Siemens, has eroded public trust in the corporate system. The Finance Minister has warned of potential political consequences and the rise of the Left party. The damage caused by Zumwinkel's case could lead to doubts about the economic and social system. The situation escalated on Friday when a newspaper suggested that the investigation could involve hundreds of wealthy and influential Germans with offshore accounts. Germany's reputation for economic strength and corporate success is a key part of its post-war identity, with the country being the largest exporter globally and home to many top companies. While executive salaries are not as high as in the U.S. and UK, there is growing dissatisfaction among Germans who believe they are not benefiting from the country's economic growth. Lower-income individuals are seeing a decrease in disposable income, leading to media criticism of excessive executive compensation, including former Daimler CEO Juergen Schrempp who received a large payout and stock options during the failed Chrysler merger. The case of Zumwinkel contributes to the widespread belief that high-ranking individuals deceive and exploit others, as stated by the Sueddeutsche Zeitung in an editorial. There is a push towards more left-wing policies due to public outrage over immoral corporate executives, despite criticism from politicians like Merkel. The Left party, comprised of former communists and disillusioned SPD supporters, has influenced the main political parties to adopt more left-leaning positions, particularly in response to social inequality perpetuated by greedy managers. Former German finance minister Oskar Lafontaine, who is now a co-leader of the Left party, is advocating for an increase in public spending on pensions, welfare benefits, and education. Transparency International, a corruption watchdog, has stated that there is no concrete evidence to suggest that corruption is on the rise in Germany. However, Peter von Blomberg, deputy head of Transparency International Germany, noted that there has been a noticeable shift in the public's perception of corruption over the past decade or so. He pointed to Scandinavian countries as a positive example, highlighting their transparent communication between citizens and authorities. Von Blomberg also emphasized the importance of German companies implementing compliance guidelines, protecting whistleblowers, and actively working to prevent corruption. He mentioned that in Germany, there is still a reluctance to report or expose individuals, which has historical roots. However, he believes that there may be a conversation about implementing a legal system to safeguard whistleblowers in the country. | 2 |
Iran has expressed interest in reopening talks on its nuclear program with major powers, but the United States and the European Union have denied this and are urging Tehran to demonstrate its readiness for engagement. The US and other countries believe Iran is working on developing atomic weapons, but Iran denies this accusation. The EU is considering imposing stricter sanctions on Iran, including an embargo on its oil exports and freezing the assets of Iran's central bank. Non-oil trade protection is still being discussed. In the current financial climate, it is important to manage your wealth effectively and make the most of your ISA while avoiding common mistakes. Iran has warned that it may block the Strait of Hormuz, through which a third of the world's seaborne oil trade passes, if it is unable to sell its own crude oil. This has raised concerns of a potential war in the Gulf region that could escalate tensions in the Middle East. Iranian officials have mentioned that U.S. President Barack Obama has shown willingness to engage in negotiations with Iran, which could help alleviate the recent increase in oil prices. Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi stated during a visit to Turkey that discussions are ongoing regarding the location and timing of these negotiations, with Istanbul being a likely venue. The day is not yet settled, but it will be soon." Washington denied there were any new discussions underway about resuming talks, but declined to comment on whether Obama had sent a letter to Tehran. "There are no current talks about talks," State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said on Wednesday. "What we are doing, as we have said, is making clear to the Iranians that if they are serious about coming back to a conversation, where they talk openly about their nuclear programme, and if they are prepared to come clean with the international community, that we are open to that," Nuland said at a media briefing. White House spokesman Jay Carney declined to comment on the reports about a letter, telling journalists: "We don't discuss specific ... diplomatic communications.". The United States is urging countries to decrease their purchases of Iranian oil in accordance with a new sanctions law signed by Obama on December 31, which aims to limit Tehran's ability to sell crude oil. The State Department's denial was supported by a spokesperson for EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, on behalf of the six world powers attempting to engage with Iran. The spokesperson stated that there are currently no ongoing negotiations for new talks, and that they are still waiting for Iran to respond to the proposals put forth by Ashton in October. British Foreign Secretary William Hague emphasized the need for Iran to be prepared for serious negotiations. He emphasized the importance of actual negotiations in the European Union regarding additional sanctions on Iran, stating that the offer of negotiations from Iran will not dissuade them from imposing sanctions. He made these comments during a news conference in Brazil, emphasizing the need for meaningful negotiations. If such negotiations do not occur, he mentioned that pressure for peaceful but legitimate measures will persist, alluding to the upcoming EU minister meeting to discuss an oil embargo on Iran. Tehran maintains that its nuclear enrichment activities are for peaceful purposes, such as power generation and medical applications. Defence Secretary Leon Panetta stated that the U.S. military is fully prepared to address any threats from Iran regarding the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Ashton contacted Iranian negotiator Saeed Jalili to emphasize the West's desire to resume discussions, but Iran must be willing to engage in meaningful talks about ensuring the peaceful nature of its nuclear activities. Iran has consistently pushed for talks to focus on broader international security issues rather than its nuclear program in sporadic meetings over the past five years. The last negotiations between Iran and the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, along with Germany, stalled in Istanbul a year ago due to inability to agree on an agenda. A U.N. nuclear watchdog report has since raised concerns about Iran's nuclear weapon design efforts, creating a prolonged deadlock. EU foreign ministers are expected to approve a gradual ban on imports of Iranian oil at a meeting on January 23. This decision comes after the United States passed a law that would prohibit any institution from dealing with Iran's central bank, effectively preventing most countries from purchasing Iranian oil. An EU diplomat stated that progress has been made regarding the central bank issue, with wide agreement on the principle but ongoing discussions on the details. Iran has expressed willingness to negotiate, but has also begun moving uranium enrichment to a more secure location to protect it from potential air strikes by Israel if diplomatic efforts to address their nuclear program fail. Western diplomats are saying that Tehran must be willing to change its direction in any future negotiations. Tehran insists that other countries must respect its right to enrich uranium as it can be used for nuclear weapons if enriched to higher levels. Russia, a member of the six power group, has criticized new EU and U.S. sanctions and warned against the military option proposed by the United States and Israel, fearing it could lead to a widespread war in the Middle East. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reiterated his belief that Iran should not be allowed to develop nuclear weapons during a visit to the Netherlands. Earlier in the day, Defence Minister Ehud Barak stated that any decision about an Israeli attack on Iran was still a long way off. THREATS, FRIENDSHIP China, which shares Russia's opposition to the new Western efforts to halt Iran's oil exports, criticized U.S. sanctions signed by Obama on December 31 as lacking legal justification. Iranian officials claimed Obama had communicated with Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in response to Tehran's threat to close the Strait of Hormuz amid sanctions on oil sales. Iranian parliament members discussed the communication on Wednesday, stating that it included a proposal for talks. Lawmaker Ali Mottahari was quoted by the semi-official Fars news agency as saying, "In the letter, it was stated that closing the Strait of Hormuz is our 'red line' and also requested direct negotiations." | 2 |
According to government data and independent research, the payments that began in July, providing hundreds of dollars a month for most families, have been crucial in helping millions of American families cover expenses such as food, rent, and child care. They have also prevented millions of children from falling into poverty and boosted the US economy with billions of dollars. However, as the latest wave of coronavirus cases keeps people at home and threatens to lead to more furloughs, this benefit - an extension of the current child tax credit - is coming to an end. Economists are concerned that the combination of expiring aid and increasing cases could slow down the economic recovery and bring significant hardship to families already struggling near the poverty line. Anna Lara, a mother of two young children from Huntington, West Virginia, expressed her anxiety about the upcoming challenges and the impact it will have on her family. Lara, 32, who lost her job during the pandemic, is finding it difficult to adjust to not having the extra assistance for parents. Despite her partner keeping his job, the couple relied on the child benefit to make ends meet during a time of reduced income and rising prices. Lara emphasized the importance of not worrying in front of children, and the extra cushion provided by the benefit helped alleviate their financial stress. The end of this assistance is just one of many benefits cliffs Americans have faced as pandemic aid programs have expired, including the Paycheck Protection Program for small businesses which ended in March. Unemployment benefits ceased in September, or even earlier in certain states. The federal eviction moratorium ended during the summer. The final round of stimulus payments was distributed to Americans in the spring. In comparison to these initiatives, the reduction in the child tax credit is relatively minor. The Treasury Department disbursed approximately $80 billion in checks and direct deposits over a six-month period, providing up to $300 per child each month. The child benefit program, which was approved as part of the American Rescue Plan, was not intended to be temporary according to its supporters. Despite being initially approved for a single year, many progressives hoped that the program would continue due to its popularity. However, polls have shown a divided public opinion on whether the program should be extended, with views differing based on political and generational factors. The expanded tax credit did not convince Sen Joe Manchin, who is crucial in the decision-making process, to support President Joe Biden's climate, tax, and social policy bill due to concerns about its cost and structure. Without Manchin's backing, the Build Back Better Act cannot move forward in the evenly divided Senate. Many supporters of the child benefit are disappointed by this outcome, as the program has been widely regarded as successful. According to researchers at Columbia University, the payments have significantly reduced child poverty rates, with 3.8 million children being kept out of poverty in November alone. Additionally, other studies have shown that the benefit has decreased hunger, alleviated financial stress, and boosted consumer spending in rural states that received higher amounts per capita. In the spring, Congress made three key changes to the existing child tax credit. Firstly, they increased the maximum benefit amount to $3,600 per child, up from $2,000. Secondly, they started distributing the credit in monthly payments directly to recipients' bank accounts, making it similar to children's allowances in Europe. Lastly, the bill ensured that millions who previously couldn't fully benefit from the credit due to low income could now do so, a change known as "full refundability." This change was especially important as it meant that a significant number of children, including many Black and Hispanic children and those raised by single mothers, were now able to receive the full credit amount. Biden's proposal aimed to make the child tax credit provision permanent, as explained by Megan Curran, director of policy at Columbia's Center on Poverty and Social Policy. She emphasized the positive impact of the policy in reducing child poverty and food insecurity, stating that it was a success story that should not be halted prematurely. Additionally, the expanded tax credit benefits not only low-income families but also middle-class and wealthier families, with couples earning up to $150,000 eligible for the full $3,600 benefit. Critics of the policy, such as Manchin, have argued that it is not logical to provide assistance to families who are relatively well-off. Many supporters of the credit are willing to restrict its availability to wealthier households as long as it remains accessible to poorer ones. Manchin has expressed doubts about the effectiveness of giving unconditional cash payments and has raised concerns about recipients potentially using the money on opioids, as reported by The Wall Street Journal and confirmed by a source familiar with the discussion. However, a survey conducted by the Census Bureau revealed that most recipients used the money for essential items like food and clothing, with some saving or paying off debt. Other surveys have yielded similar findings. One of Manchin's constituents, Lara, experienced a fortunate timing when she received the first monthly check last year. Her dishwasher had recently broken, and the $550 monthly payment from the federal government enabled her family to replace it. Lara, who has a 6-year-old daughter and a 3-year-old son and whose partner earns around $40,000 annually, stated that the family had always been living on the brink of need - not poor but never able to save enough for anything beyond a small setback. She mentioned that the monthly child benefit allowed them to step back slightly from the edge, enabling her to purchase new shoes and a car seat for her daughter, stock up on laundry detergent on sale, and repair the brakes on her car. She expressed her amazement that none of the dash lights were on. Some researchers have raised concerns about the effectiveness of the policy in the long run. Bruce D Meyer, an economist at the University of Chicago who specializes in studying poverty, has suggested that while direct cash payments during the pandemic were beneficial, a permanent policy of providing unconditional cash to parents could have unintended negative effects. He and his co-authors recently published a working paper that found the child benefit might discourage people from working, as it removed work incentives previously included in the tax credit. Meyer explained that the initial goal was to provide cash to individuals during the pandemic to help with financial struggles, but now there are concerns about the potential impact on work behavior. He said that it is important to focus on the long-term effects of the new child benefit, particularly its impact on labor supply. Despite some initial concerns, studies have not found any evidence that the benefit discourages people from working. In fact, some researchers believe it could actually encourage more people to work by making child care more affordable for parents. Samuel Hammond from the Niskanen Center in Washington stated that the child benefit could have positive economic effects, such as increasing consumer spending by $27 billion and creating 500,000 full-time jobs. The greatest impact is expected in rural, Republican-voting states with larger families and lower incomes. Some Republican critics, like Sen. Roy Blunt of Missouri, believe that the expanded child tax credit has increased government spending too much. They argue that giving people more money to spend during a supply chain shortage is contributing to inflation. However, many economists doubt that the tax credit is a significant factor in causing high inflation. They point out that the tax credit is relatively small compared to the economy and earlier pandemic aid. Joe Brusuelas, chief economist at RSM, described the tax credit as a noninflationary program that focuses on necessities, not luxuries. People who receive the benefit argue that inflation is a reason to keep it, as they have noticed prices rising for groceries, utilities, and gas, putting a strain on their budgets. She mentioned that currently, both of her vehicles require fuel, and she is unable to fill up the car. However, she is not worried as she has groceries at home and her children can play outside. | 2 |
Two high-ranking US government officials, Democrat Congresswoman Betty McCollum and ambassador-at-large for global women's issues Melanne Verveer, are set to arrive in Dhaka on Wednesday to meet with government officials, community leaders, and civil society members who are involved in women's rights advocacy. The purpose of their visit, as stated in a press release from the US embassy, is to discuss and promote US policy on women, health, and education. McCollum and Verveer will also engage in discussions with Bangladeshi government officials and NGOs on various issues such as maternal and child health, girls' education access, child marriage, gender-based violence, human trafficking, and the role of women in addressing climate change. McCollum, a Democrat in her sixth term in Congress, has recently introduced legislation to combat child marriage, advocating for its elimination as a US foreign policy objective. The legislation would mandate USAID and the State Department to gather and share information on child marriage rates and how it affects important US development objectives. Verveer, who oversees global women's issues at the Department of State, manages foreign policy matters related to the progress of women in politics, economics, and society worldwide. Verveer will travel to Nepal on January 6, while McCollum will remain in Bangladesh until January 10, as stated in the press release. | 2 |
In Gwinnett County, Georgia, a few precincts experienced extended technical delays, while in South Carolina, some voting machines were lacking power or necessary activation devices. There was also confusion in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, including Pittsburgh, where several polling places were changed last minute. In Chandler, Arizona, voters arrived at a locked polling place due to rent nonpayment, but officials later reopened the location. In Houston, a worker was removed from a polling site and charged with assault after a racially charged dispute with a voter. Issues with voting are common on election day and can take days or weeks to understand. The number of calls to voting hotlines from advocacy groups has surpassed those from the last midterm election in 2014. The Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which oversees 20 election call centres, reported receiving 24,000 phone calls by 5 pm on Tuesday, compared to 14,000 at the same time in 2014. Arizona, Florida, Georgia, and Texas were identified as particularly problematic states. These issues may further unsettle voters already anxious from the 2016 election and ongoing concerns about Russian interference and unsubstantiated claims of widespread voter fraud by President Trump. Tensions have increased due to a contentious debate over the accessibility of voter registration, early voting, and polling sites for Americans. Election experts note a decline in the protection of minority voting rights since the Supreme Court's ruling on the Voting Rights Act in 1965. Some states have faced issues leading to extended voting hours, such as a judge ordering nine polling locations in Harris County, Texas to stay open an extra hour. Similar efforts are being made in Maricopa County, Arizona by a coalition of groups. In Georgia, a local judge in Gwinnett County kept multiple sites open for voting, including Annistown Elementary School, where voting hours were extended by over two hours. Precincts in Fulton County, which includes Atlanta, were also kept open for several hours. One of the precincts, Forbes Arena, had hosted a rally for Democratic candidate Stacey Abrams and former President Barack Obama the previous Friday. The state's elections system was a highly debated issue during the campaign between Abrams and her Republican opponent Brian Kemp, who is also the secretary of state and responsible for overseeing elections. Abrams and her supporters accused Kemp of trying to limit voter turnout through strict interpretations of state laws and procedures. Kemp claimed he was just trying to prevent cheating and dismissed claims of voter suppression as ridiculous. While some Georgia voters experienced long lines, others had a smooth voting experience. Kemp stated that everything was running normally, with people asking typical questions about voting. However, some voters, like Ontaria Woods, faced long lines and voting machine issues at Annistown Elementary School in Snellville, Georgia. Woods reported waiting nearly five hours to vote after arriving at 7 am when the polls opened. After approximately 30 to 45 minutes, individuals waiting in line were informed by poll workers of an issue with the ExpressPoll voting machines, according to her. She mentioned that people were not surprised and the term 'voter suppression' was frequently mentioned. Some voters decided against provisional ballots out of fear that their votes would not be counted, while others left to purchase food and water from a Walmart. The machines were eventually repaired by 11 am, and Woods was able to vote around 45 minutes later, arriving late to work as a result. Gwinnett, a diverse area near Atlanta that has traditionally been Republican, was won by Hillary Clinton in 2016. Joe Sorenson, a spokesperson for the county government, stated that four precincts in Georgia had problems with the system that generates voter access cards for the electronic polling system. A judge allowed for extended hours at several locations, with one staying open until 9:25 pm, two hours later than planned. Bradford Berry, the general counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, emphasized the importance of ensuring that voting machines in Georgia do not break down in certain areas but not others. While county election officials were partly to blame for the issues, Abigail Collazo, a spokeswoman for Abrams’ campaign, placed the responsibility on Kemp. She commended the high voter turnout in Georgia despite polling location issues. Meanwhile, in Arizona, voting-rights monitors reported significant delays at some sites due to ballot printing problems. The issues mainly occurred in Maricopa County, which is the most populous county in the state. Two years ago, chaos ensued when local polling places were replaced with regional voting centers. Common Cause reported that voters at these centers were either turned away or faced long waits due to malfunctioning printers that were supposed to produce ballots specific to their precincts. Clarke stated that the problems in Maricopa County were some of the most significant seen that day, particularly affecting a large number of minority voters. At four of the affected voting centers, minority voters outnumbered white voters by a significant margin. In South Carolina, the State Election Commission spokesperson mentioned that issues with malfunctioning voting machines were not widespread. "The spokesman, Chris Whitmire, stated in an email that the issues were due to human error in system preparation and have been resolved earlier this morning. The Justice Department sent election monitors to 35 jurisdictions in 19 states, sparking concern among Democrats for Attorney General Jeff Sessions' focus on fraud over civil rights. Common Cause President Karen Flynn expressed concern over the current political climate, citing the lack of collaboration with the Department of Justice, the absence of protections from the Voting Rights Act, and President Trump's intimidating messages to voters. In El Paso, Texas, the Border and Customs Protection agency cancelled a crowd-control exercise near the Mexico border following complaints of voter intimidation from civil-rights groups and Democratic leaders. The exercise was planned near a border crossing close to a polling station used by Latino voters in the Chihuahuita neighborhood." Nina Perales, the voting rights legal director at the Mexican American Legal Defence and Educational Fund, described the incident as ham-handed and insensitive at the very least, and possibly even worse. Not all issues were as serious as initially believed, as a viral video from a polling site in Columbus, Ohio, showed a voter selecting the Republican candidate for governor, Mike DeWine, on an electronic ballot, but the paper record displayed a vote for DeWine's Democratic opponent, Richard Cordray. The video was shared on Facebook with claims that the machine was "rigged." A representative from the Franklin County Board of Elections named Aaron Sellers explained that a specific voting machine had a paper jam, resulting in a previous voter's paper record being printed. The voter was able to cast her ballot again on a functioning machine. The incident was captured on video and shared widely on Twitter, particularly by individuals who follow the QAnon conspiracy theory and support former President Trump. | 2 |
According to the foreign ministry, this decision will lead to the "improved well-being of the people in the area." Mahmud made these remarks during the opening of the 'Water Innovation Summit 2015' in New Delhi, which was organized by the Confederation of Indian Industries and the Water Institute of India. He emphasized the importance of water in terms of security and sustainable human development. Both Bangladesh and India have an abundance of water during the monsoon season and a lack of water during the dry season. Mahmud stated that by taking an integrated approach to managing the water resources of the entire basin, the region could fully utilize its water resources. The water resources minister emphasized the importance of building a barrage on the Ganges within Bangladesh's territory to ensure a supply of fresh water in the southern region and mitigate the effects of climate change. He called for the prompt signing of the Teesta water-sharing agreement, stating that resolving water issues would contribute to development and stability in the area. The minister also had a meeting with Indian counterpart Uma Bharati, with the foreign ministry confirming the interaction. Bharati assured that any river interlinking projects in India would not harm Bangladesh, and agreed to attend the upcoming JRC meeting in Bangladesh. | 2 |
Zimbabwean police arrested opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai for the second time in a week, preventing him from attending a campaign rally for the upcoming presidential run-off vote on June 27. The Movement for Democratic Change believes that President Robert Mugabe is trying to hinder Tsvangirai's campaign to maintain his long-standing grip on power. Tsvangirai was released from police custody in Esigodini, located 40 km southeast of Bulawayo, a few hours after being detained at a roadblock. The opposition party condemned his detention as a desperate and disgraceful move by the regime. They called on the government to allow Tsvangirai to fulfill the mandate given to him by the people of Zimbabwe to restore their dignity. It was reported that the police had prohibited several planned campaign rallies due to concerns about the safety of party leaders. The organization stated that it would take legal action to prevent police interference in the campaign. Police spokesperson Wayne Bvudzijena attributed the incident on Friday to the opposition, claiming that the MDC convoy had broken through a roadblock. Tsvangirai, who defeated Mugabe in a March 29 election but did not secure the majority needed to avoid a second round, was detained and questioned by police for eight hours on Wednesday. On Thursday, police detained and questioned five U.S. and two British diplomats for several hours after they visited victims of political violence. Additionally, Zimbabwe has prohibited relief agencies from operating in the country, leading to economic hardship. US Ambassador James McGee, who was detained on Thursday, accused the government on Friday of using food aid as a means to gain votes. He stated that the regime is desperate and will resort to any means to remain in power. The US and Britain have attributed the detention of the diplomats to Mugabe's government and claim that Zimbabwe is attempting to intimidate supporters of Tsvangirai. The foreign ministry of France expressed deep concern on Friday over the atmosphere of intimidation and violence in Zimbabwe. The opposition claims that 65 people have been killed in violence following the first round of voting. Mugabe has accused his opponents of instigating the violence. In response, Mugabe's government halted the operations of all international aid organizations in the country, alleging that some were supporting the opposition. Both Britain and the European Union have called for the ban on aid agencies to be lifted. U.N. officials expressed concern that the suspension of aid would lead to increased suffering, while CARE warned that millions of aid-dependent Zimbabweans were in jeopardy. EU aid commissioner Louis Michel expressed distress over the uncertain future faced by hundreds of thousands of people who rely on aid from the European Commission and other organizations for survival. Zimbabwe, previously one of Africa's most prosperous nations, has experienced a decline in food production since 2000 when Mugabe's government initiated a land redistribution program by seizing white-owned farms. This has resulted in chronic food shortages, forcing the country to depend on handouts and imports to feed its population. Mugabe attributes the downfall of Zimbabwe's previously thriving economy to sanctions imposed by Western nations. The opposition, on the other hand, believes that he destroyed the country through poor management. The Southern African Development Community, which consists of 14 countries including Zimbabwe, will be sending observers to oversee the upcoming run-off election. | 2 |
Bennett had meetings in Bahrain with King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa, Vice Admiral Brad Cooper, several Bahraini ministers, and members of Bahrain's Jewish community. He gave a shofar to the Jewish community and expressed a desire for people-to-people peace. Prince Salman described the meeting as "cousins getting together." The Israeli government also announced joint business projects with Bahrain in climate-related technology, manufacturing, and e-commerce. This visit marked the first official visit by an Israeli prime minister to Bahrain, highlighting the strengthening ties between Israel and various Arab governments in recent years. Israel has established formal diplomatic relations with Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, improved relations with Morocco, and Sudan since 2020. For years, the majority of Arab nations refused to establish normal relations with Israel until the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was resolved. However, priorities in the region have shifted, as seen by Bennett's warm welcome in Bahrain, where containing Iran has become a top concern. Bahrain will now host an Israeli military officer as part of a regional alliance to safeguard navigation and trade in the Persian Gulf amidst increasing threats from Iran and its proxies. Bahrain's invitation to Bennett suggested a growing acceptance of Israel's role in the region by Saudi Arabia, a major Iranian rival and the most influential state in the Arab world. Despite official denials from Saudi officials about plans to normalize ties with Israel, their support is crucial for Bahrain, which has historically relied on Saudi agreement for major decisions. Emirati political scientist Abdulkhaleq Abdulla described Bahrain as viewing Saudi Arabia as a supportive big brother in times of need. Abdulla stated that there is more cooperation among Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and other Gulf States than many people realize. Prominent Saudis have also expressed views on Israel and the Palestinians that were previously unheard of. In 2018, Prince Mohammed made headlines by affirming the right of Israelis to their own land. Two years later, another Saudi prince, Bandar bin Sultan, criticized the Palestinian leadership for neglecting the needs of ordinary Palestinians. Currently, Saudi movie theaters are screening "Death on the Nile," featuring Israeli actress Gal Gadot, who faced backlash in the Arab world for her support of Israeli military actions in Gaza. Relations are also improving between Israel and the two Arab nations it had previously made peace with, Egypt and Jordan. Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi received attention in Israel for publicly greeting an Israeli government minister in front of other Arab dignitaries. However, while government ties are getting stronger, public sentiment in the Arab world is not keeping pace. Polls show that a majority of Arabs do not approve of the recent warming of relations with Israel. In Bahrain, where dissent is tightly controlled, there were small protests against the government and Israel, as seen in photos and videos on social media. International human rights organizations claim that Bahrain lacks a free press and that its judiciary is controlled by the ruling Khalifa family. The Khalifa family, a Sunni Muslim dynasty in power since 1783, governs a predominantly Shia population that alleges they face widespread sectarian discrimination. Activists in exile from Bahrain criticized Bennett's visit coinciding with the 11th anniversary of the 2011 uprising, denouncing it as a betrayal of the Palestinian cause and as support for Israel's policies. Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei, advocacy director at the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy, described the visit as a disrespectful gesture towards Bahrain's history of standing up against authoritarian rule and condemned the invitation of the leader of a country they view as practicing apartheid. | 2 |
Greenpeace is calling on leaders from the European Union and Africa who met in Lisbon to take immediate action to prevent the destruction of African forests, which is contributing to carbon emissions and climate change. According to Stephan Van Praet, coordinator for Greenpeace International Africa Forest Campaign, it is crucial for leaders to use their political power to support a stop to deforestation in Africa. Trees absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and release it when they decay or are burned, making deforestation a significant contributor to man-made carbon dioxide emissions. The United Nations estimates that deforestation is responsible for approximately 25 percent of carbon dioxide emissions, equivalent to the amount produced by the United States. Van Praet emphasized the importance of urgent action by leaders to address this issue. Greenpeace activists displayed a banner at Lisbon's Vasco da Gama tower on Friday with the message "Save the Climate-Save African forests." Stephan Van Praet stated that Greenpeace would continue their campaign in Lisbon over the weekend. He emphasized the importance of Europe implementing legislation to prevent the import of illegal timber to enhance the continent's credibility in the fight against climate change and forest destruction. Van Praet believes that Europe should begin by taking responsibility in their own market to set an example internationally. The EU aims to reduce emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 to address the potential consequences of climate change such as heatwaves, disease, rising seas, and droughts. | 2 |
He stated that he plans to rejoin the Iran nuclear deal if Iran agrees to comply with its restrictions. Additionally, he intends to extend the nuclear arms treaty with Russia and reaffirm US commitments to NATO, despite threats from President Trump to withdraw from the alliance. Biden also mentioned holding Russia accountable for election interference. Overall, he aims to move away from the divisive "America First" approach of the previous administration and work with allies to address global challenges like the pandemic. Biden criticized Trump's handling of the coronavirus pandemic, pointing out that the US has a disproportionately high number of deaths compared to its population. Another reason why respect for American leadership is declining is due to Trump's support of autocrats and alienation of democratic allies. It is more challenging to actually implement a return to the internationalist approach of the post-World War II era after four years of isolationism and during a pandemic that has strengthened nationalist sentiments. The global landscape has changed significantly since Biden was last involved in international affairs, with power shifts benefiting China, democracies receding, and new rivalries emerging in the race for a vaccine. Foreign allies may find Biden reassuring, especially when he criticizes the "America First" policy. However, they acknowledge that they may never fully trust that the United States won't revert back to isolationism. Biden's top advisers are outlining a plan to reverse Trump's policies, which they refer to as the Great Undoing. Antony J. Blinken, Biden's national security adviser, emphasized the importance of the United States taking a leadership role in the world. He also acknowledged that it will take time to rebuild trust with allies and restore America's global standing. Biden is expected to make symbolic gestures, such as rejoining the Paris climate accord, in the early days of his presidency, but significant changes will take longer to implement. Richard N. Haass, the president of the Council on Foreign Relations and a close friend of Biden's, mentioned that Biden will have a lot of freedom to make decisions, but also some limitations. Haass stated that anything Trump did through executive order can be reversed the same way, but any significant actions that require Senate approval or military action will be difficult without a clear reason. Biden, at 77 years old, has a vision to move away from the "America First" mindset and instead focus on the strength and courage that led the country to victory in past conflicts. However, during his campaign, foreign policy was not a major topic of discussion, and Biden was not questioned on how he views the current global power dynamics compared to his earlier political career. Despite this, one of his foreign policy advisers, Jake Sullivan, provided some insight into Biden's approach towards Russia's President Putin. Just before the election, he stated that Biden was prepared to impose severe consequences on those responsible for Russian interference, such as financial sanctions, asset freezes, counter cyberattacks, and potentially revealing corruption by foreign leaders. This would indicate a tougher stance in US policy, reminiscent of actions considered by the Obama administration during Biden's time as vice president but never implemented. This shift in approach towards Russia demonstrates the detailed planning undertaken by Biden's transition team, which began organizing late last spring, to reverse Trump's foreign policy decisions. The team has assembled a group of foreign policy experts, including former Obama administration officials, to guide the new administration in negotiations, treaty reentry, and early summit meetings. Officials say that the Biden administration's plans diverge significantly from the Obama administration's strategy, particularly in terms of China strategy. Biden's advisers admit that they underestimated how quickly President Xi Jinping of China would crack down on dissent and challenge US influence using 5G networks and the Belt and Road Initiative during the Obama administration. Kurt Campbell and Ely Ratner wrote in a 2018 Foreign Affairs article that neither carrots nor sticks have influenced China as expected. Diplomatic and commercial engagement has not led to political and economic openness. US military strength and efforts to balance power in the region have not prevented Beijing from trying to replace key elements of the US-led system. China is a significant area where Biden's longstanding beliefs will clash with new realities. In the past, Biden's views on foreign policy have been criticized, including his stance on Afghanistan, where he initially advocated for a limited counterterrorism presence. Despite being overruled by Obama, Biden's position on Afghanistan has now become a political advantage, as Trump's attempt to paint him as supporting "endless wars" did not succeed. According to Sullivan, Biden's goal is to shift the focus of our presence in Afghanistan to a counterterrorism capability, with the aim of preventing al-Qaida or the Islamic State group from establishing a base there. This approach would be limited and targeted, reflecting Biden's stance in 2009 and today. Unlike past Democrats who were seen as appeasing Russia during the Cold War, Biden is taking a more assertive stance. He does not downplay the Russian threat like Obama did in 2012, nor does he seek a reset like Clinton did. Biden has highlighted his familiarity with Putin and claimed that Russia prefers Trump over him. In light of Russian interference in 2016 and Trump's reluctance to confront Putin, Democrats have become more hawkish towards Russia. During much of the campaign, Biden criticized Trump for getting close to authoritarian leaders and talked about how he planned to take action against Russia if he became president. As president, Biden will need to address the challenge of dealing with Russia, which possesses 1,550 deployed nuclear weapons and numerous tactical nuclear weapons. Before Trump withdrew from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, Russia had already been deploying these weapons. How would Biden stop this dangerous trend? According to Blinken, he would first extend the New START treaty for five years, as it expires just 16 days after inauguration. Afterwards, he would aim to broaden the treaty to cover other types of weapons and possibly involve more countries. He would exploit Putin's increasing economic vulnerability by deterring and imposing costs for his meddling and aggression, according to Blinken. Additionally, Blinken noted that Putin is seeking to reduce Russia's reliance on China, putting him in an uncomfortable position. This suggests that the Biden administration may attempt to divide the two superpowers by leveraging the mutual suspicions between Moscow and Beijing, similar to how President Richard Nixon did with China decades ago. In a separate incident regarding Iran, Biden expressed frustration in a meeting in 2010 as news broke about a classified operation with Israel to sabotage Iran's nuclear program using a cyberweapon known as "Stuxnet." "It seems likely that the Israelis were responsible for crossing a line with their actions. A decade later, this attempt to hinder Iran's nuclear program seems to have sparked a new era of conflict, with Biden playing a significant role. He supported the covert operation as a means to slow down Iran's advancements without provoking a war in the region. Biden later acknowledged that he believed the covert program played a role in bringing Iran to the negotiating table for the Iran nuclear deal five years later." President-elect Joe Biden is looking to strengthen American commitments to NATO. Biden's initial approach with Iran involves restoring the previous status quo by reentering the deal if Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, agrees to adhere to the production limits set in 2015. However, this process may be more complicated as Iran has suggested there will be repercussions for Trump's violation of the deal. Additionally, key restrictions on Iran are set to expire soon, with the first phase of an arms embargo already lifted in October, potentially allowing Russian and Chinese sales to resume. In the near future, a new Iranian president will be in office, and it is uncertain how this will impact potential negotiations. During a NATO leaders meeting in December 2019, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson expressed his views. President-elect Joe Biden is eager to strengthen American commitment to NATO. Biden's team believes that rejoining the agreement that Trump withdrew from will put pressure back on Tehran. Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated that if Iran chooses not to comply, the US will have more support from allies and partners who blame Trump for causing the crisis by rejecting an existing agreement. In 2012, Biden welcomed Xi to Washington and praised him as a reformer representing a different side of Chinese leadership. Biden initially celebrated China's peaceful rise but by this year, he had changed his opinion, calling Xi a "thug." During the campaign, Biden criticized Trump for losing a trade war that he started, pointing out that American taxpayers ultimately paid for the tariffs on Chinese goods through government subsidies. Biden has not provided much detail on how he plans to address these issues. Even if he is able to resolve disputes over agricultural goods and intellectual property theft by China, he will still have to confront new challenges that were not discussed during Xi's visit eight years ago. These include managing the technological advancements made by companies like Huawei and TikTok, which have become popular among millions of Americans. Biden has hinted that he may continue the crackdown initiated by Trump, but with a more diplomatic approach to gain support from European and other allies. He expressed concerns about the Chinese potentially using information obtained from the US, and stated that he would thoroughly investigate this as president. I will consult cyberexperts to find the best solution to deal with the issue. Biden is adamant about putting values at the forefront of foreign policy, especially in regards to the US-China relationship. This echoes Bill Clinton's promise in 1992 to confront "the butchers of Beijing." This likely involves holding China accountable for Xi's crackdown on dissent, such as the national security laws in Xinjiang, arrests in Hong Kong, and expulsion of foreign journalists. | 2 |
Devi's house and those of her neighbors in Haat village were destroyed and buried in construction waste from a nearby hydroelectric power plant. The remains of her house are now hidden under debris near an important Hindu temple, prompting Devi to question the type of development that displaces poor people to provide electricity to others. Over 240 households in the village lost their homes due to the construction of a 444-megawatt hydropower project on the Alaknanda river. The power plant funded by the World Bank is just one of many hydroelectric projects in the Himalayan states of India, aimed at reducing the country's carbon emissions. The government believes that hydropower, along with solar and wind energy, is crucial for achieving India's goal of obtaining 50% of its energy from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. Proponents of hydropower argue that it produces large amounts of clean electricity and can be quickly increased when solar and wind projects are unable to meet demand. However, critics, including environmental groups and affected communities, argue that the significant environmental and social costs of hydroelectric projects are difficult to justify. For example, Devi, a 63-year-old resident, reported that individuals who refused to sell their land to the government-owned power company were forcibly removed and had their homes demolished. Devi, a homemaker now living in a nearby village, stated that those who had agreed to sell their land were given a "nominal" compensation of 1 million Indian rupees each. Sandeep Gupta, assistant general manager of the THDC project, mentioned that all Haat residents voluntarily resettled and were fairly compensated. He also noted that government agencies are monitoring the project for any environmental damage, with no adverse impacts reported so far. The International Energy Agency highlighted hydropower as a significant source of clean electricity in a June 2021 report, urging countries to include it in their energy mix to reduce emissions. India currently has 46 gigawatts of hydropower capacity, a third of its potential according to government data. In 2019, the government officially recognized hydroelectric projects over 25 MW as a renewable energy source to increase capacity. Power companies were then required to use hydro for a portion of their supply, whereas before only smaller hydropower plants were considered renewable. Arun Kumar, a professor at the Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee specializing in hydropower and renewable energy, emphasized that expanding India's hydropower sector goes beyond generating electricity. He noted that hydroelectric dams can also provide a reliable water supply for various purposes and bring benefits such as tourism, jobs, and infrastructure improvements to nearby communities, ultimately enhancing the quality of life in underdeveloped areas. Kumar, who is a board member of the International Hydropower Association based in London, highlighted the multifaceted advantages of large hydro projects. Himanshu Thakkar, coordinator of the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, believes that building more hydropower plants in India is not economically viable, as cheaper clean energy can be obtained from solar and wind projects. He stated that the cost of installing 1 MW of hydroelectric capacity is over 100 million rupees in India, which is double the cost for the same solar or wind-based capacity. Thakkar attributed India's focus on hydropower to corruption and weak regulation, which allow for inflated costs. Despite hydropower being seen as a green energy source, some environmentalists argue that it does more harm than good, increasing the risk of disasters. According to experts, hydro projects have the potential to cause environmental harm by clearing forests, diverting rivers, disrupting groundwater recharge, and moving large amounts of earth. This can increase the vulnerability of nearby communities to the impacts of more severe extreme weather events. S.P. Sati, an environmental science professor at the College of Forestry-Ranichauri in Uttarakhand, cited the devastating floods in the state in 2013 that resulted in the deaths of approximately 6,000 people. A committee appointed by India's Supreme Court found that hydroelectric projects worsened the flood damage by transporting huge amounts of debris downstream, burying low-lying communities. The committee also highlighted in a report that the construction processes of these projects, such as excavation and explosives use, could trigger landslides or slope failures. Sati expressed concern that ignoring the sensitivity, fragility, and carrying capacity of the terrain could lead to significant disasters with hydropower. The village head of Haat, Rajendra Prasad Hatwal, stated that residents would continue to protest and lobby the local government until the hydropower plant developers stopped using their village as a dumping site and properly compensated displaced families. He questioned India's heavy reliance on hydropower, especially in light of the disruptions experienced by countries like the United States, Brazil, and China due to climate change-driven droughts. Hatwal also highlighted the contradiction of clearing thousands of trees for a power plant while advocating for forest conservation to combat climate change, expressing frustration and confusion. | 2 |
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