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Trump, a Republican, responded to accusations from Democrats about him fueling racial tensions by stating that Americans must denounce racism, bigotry, and white supremacy. This statement came after Texas officials suggested that racial hatred may have been a factor in the mass shooting in El Paso, where a 21-year-old white man has been charged with capital murder. The police in El Paso linked the suspect, Patrick Crusius, to a racist and anti-immigrant manifesto posted online before the shooting. Trump did not address claims that his own remarks have fueled racial tensions, nor did he call for comprehensive gun control measures. Instead, he emphasized the need to defeat these harmful ideologies in his remarks at the White House. "Hate should not be tolerated in America. It distorts thinking, damages the heart, and destroys the soul." Democrats criticized Trump for focusing on mental health and social media instead of implementing laws to prevent gun violence. Trump is scheduled to visit El Paso on Wednesday, according to Mayor Dee Margo. Beto O'Rourke, a former congressman and El Paso native running for the Democratic presidential nomination, believes Trump should not visit the city. Beto O'Rourke tweeted on Monday that the president, who he believes played a role in fostering the hatred that led to the tragedy in El Paso, should not visit the city. O'Rourke emphasized the need for healing and unity rather than division. Other Democratic presidential candidates also criticized Trump for his rhetoric on immigrants, holding him responsible for the attack in Texas. Five Democrats attended the annual conference of UnidosUS in San Diego, the largest Hispanic advocacy group in the US. The group's president, Janet Murguia, referred to Trump as the "radicalizer-in-chief." Joe Biden, the current Democratic frontrunner and former vice president under Barack Obama, focused on gun attacks in his opening remarks, urging Trump to address the issue of hatred fueled by divisive rhetoric. Obama, who was unsuccessful in implementing gun restrictions during his presidency, also called on Americans to reject divisive language without directly naming Trump. In a statement, Obama emphasized the importance of rejecting any language used by leaders that promotes fear, hatred, or racism. Trump's 2015 presidential campaign began with negative characterization of Mexican immigrants as criminals, and he has continued to refer to illegal border-crossings from Mexico as an "invasion." The recent shootings in El Paso and Dayton resulted in multiple deaths, including Mexican citizens in the El Paso attack. The motive behind the Dayton shooting remains unclear. Kellyanne Conway, a White House adviser, confirmed on Fox News that President Trump plans to visit both El Paso and Dayton following recent mass shootings. She did not provide specific dates for the trips. The increased concern about gun violence and the threat of racist and white-supremacist ideologies in recent years has led to calls for background checks and red flags to prevent such attacks. Trump, who has been criticized for not addressing domestic extremist groups more aggressively, stated that he would direct the US Justice Department to investigate domestic terrorism and propose legislation that would impose the death penalty on those who commit hate crimes and mass murder. He also emphasized the need to reform mental health laws to identify troubled individuals and to collaborate with social media platforms to identify potential mass shooters. "We need to ensure that individuals considered to be a serious danger to public safety are not able to obtain firearms, and if they already have them, they can be taken away quickly through a fair legal process," stated a US Senator, possibly alluding to "red flag" laws. Republican Senator Lindsey Graham, a supporter of President Trump, mentioned discussing legislation with Trump that he plans to introduce in September along with Democratic Senator Richard Blumenthal. This legislation would allocate federal funding to states that choose to implement these laws. "Red flag" laws allow law enforcement to confiscate guns from individuals deemed to be a potential threat of violence. Trump also mentioned the need for "strong background checks" for gun buyers in a tweet on Monday, although he did not provide further details and it was not the main focus of his recent statement from the White House. He stated in the speech that it is mental illness and hatred that causes someone to pull the trigger, not the gun itself. This statement was quickly criticized by another Democratic presidential candidate, Senator Amy Klobuchar, who accused Trump of avoiding the topic of gun control. Klobuchar pointed out that while mental illness and hate exist worldwide, the US has a high rate of gun violence. Following a mass shooting in Las Vegas in 2017, Trump suggested banning bump stocks, which allow semi-automatic weapons to function like machine guns. The ban was implemented in March, but Trump decided against making extensive changes to gun laws. In a tweet posted in the morning, Trump urged for bipartisan actions to enhance background checks, potentially alongside "urgently required immigration reform." However, Democrats, who have opposed Trump's strict immigration policies, dismissed the idea of linking the two issues. Lawmakers are not expected to come back to Capitol Hill from their summer break until September. The US House of Representatives, controlled by Democrats, has approved a bill that requires universal background checks for those purchasing guns. Democratic leaders are pressuring Republican Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell to bring the Senate back into session to vote on the bill. McConnell, however, is calling for bipartisan collaboration to address mass shootings, criticizing what he sees as political posturing and rhetoric. | 2 |
Sisi's image, seen on posters, t-shirts, and even chocolates across Egypt, instills fear in his opponents who worry about the return of a military leader as president. However, to investors and many Egyptians, Sisi represents a chance for stability after years of political unrest following the Arab Spring. Despite being the one to overthrow Egypt's first freely-elected president, Mohamed Mursi, Sisi is viewed as a beacon of hope for economic and political calm. He is expected to run for president and win due to his popularity, and his reputation for making bold decisions is appealing to Western investors. Sterne stated that whatever it may be, it signifies stability. Egyptian industry and investment minister Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour acknowledged that Western governments may be cautious of Sisi's transition from military attire to a business suit as president, but he believes that investors will appreciate this change. Abdel Nour mentioned that in the West, the election of a military officer to lead a developing country may be viewed skeptically, but he believes that Egypt needs a strong leader for stability. He also highlighted the importance of law and order for investment and the economy. Throughout history, generals who have transitioned into politics have been perceived differently, with George Washington being seen as a respected statesman. Augusto Pinochet, a strongman who seized power in Chile in 1973, implemented economic reforms but faced accusations of severe human rights violations. Following the overthrow of President Mursi in Egypt, security forces cracked down on pro-Brotherhood activists, leading to hundreds of casualties. Despite efforts to suppress the Islamist movement, militants in Sinai have carried out high-profile attacks. The Egyptian economy has struggled due to high debt, a weak currency, and political instability, but aid from Gulf countries has helped boost infrastructure development. Household spending in Egypt has increased, and foreign investment, though still low, is showing some signs of improvement. Coca-Cola and Samsung are among the companies making significant investments in Egypt, signaling confidence in the country's future. Foreign direct investment (FDI) amounted to $3 billion in the year ending June 2013, a decrease of almost $1 billion from the previous year, during a period of turmoil in Egypt. Prior to the 2011 revolution which ousted President Hosni Mubarak, Egypt was receiving an average of $8 billion in net FDI annually. The current state of Egypt's stock market and the global economy are more favorable compared to Mubarak's last years in power, suggesting a more favorable investment climate for President Sisi. However, concerns have been raised about Sisi retaining officials and policies from the Mubarak era, which could negatively impact growth and financial vulnerabilities. Despite appearing frequently on television, Sisi has not provided many details on economic policy, except for acknowledging the challenging economic conditions in a recent speech. He discussed the issue of fuel subsidies costing the government $15 billion annually, a fifth of the state budget, without offering a clear solution. These subsidies, in place for fifty years, deplete foreign currency that could be used to pay off debts to overseas energy companies and improve payment terms to attract investment. Investment minister Abdel Nour suggested that Sisi might be able to use his popularity to handle the public backlash from potential subsidy cuts. Arabtec, a Dubai firm, signed a $40 billion deal to construct a million homes in Egypt, indicating possible politically-motivated Gulf investment in the country's infrastructure. Western investors are more cautious due to violence in Egypt, while Gulf companies may be more easily convinced to invest. Some analysts believe that Gulf investments have encouraged Western investors to follow suit, but opinions differ on whether an IMF loan requiring tough budget reforms is the best solution. Legal barriers, rather than an international agreement to combat corruption and reduce subsidies, could be hindering Western companies from investing in Egypt. Moheb Malak, an economist based in Cairo at Prime Securities, stated that legislation is just as crucial as reforming subsidies, even though it is not receiving as much attention. A proposed investment law is being drafted with the goal of preventing third parties from disputing contracts between the government and an investor, in order to attract more investment. These clauses are meant to reassure investors who have been hesitant due to past legal challenges that have left companies in uncertain legal situations after being sold by the government. Malak emphasized that while Egypt may need a strong leader, it also needs to make significant changes to its investment policy. | 2 |
Israel stated on Wednesday that it was willing to make difficult compromises in order to achieve peace with the Palestinians, using an Arab proposal backed by Egypt and Jordan. Prime Minister Ehud Olmert emphasized in an article for the Guardian that any negotiations should be conducted as a dialogue rather than a demand. Olmert expressed his willingness to engage in open and sincere discussions about the Arab peace initiative, recognizing the potential for full normalization of relations between Israel and Arab nations. He stressed the importance of actively pursuing a comprehensive peace with the involvement of Jordan, Egypt, and potentially other Arab countries, while emphasizing the need for talks to be based on discussion rather than ultimatums. His comments were released the day after the 40th anniversary of the Six Day War, in which Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in just one week, gaining control of the Sinai peninsula, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, and West Bank, including Arab East Jerusalem. The Arab peace plan, agreed upon at a summit in March, proposes normalizing relations between Israel and the Arab world in exchange for a Palestinian state and complete withdrawal from the territories captured in the 1967 conflict. Olmert has expressed readiness to engage in discussions regarding the Arab proposal, but progress has been slow, exacerbated by recent tensions between Israelis and Palestinians due to escalating violence in Gaza. A scheduled summit between Olmert and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, intended to address Palestinian statehood issues, was postponed at the request of the Palestinians, who cited unresolved agreements that needed to be addressed beforehand. In a column published alongside Olmert's, Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh stated that for Israel to truly seek peace, it must acknowledge the fundamental rights of the Palestinian people, including the right of refugees from 1948 to return. Haniyeh emphasized that while Israel may have conquered the land of Palestine in 1967, it did not conquer the people, leading to decades of conflict and instability in the Middle East. In order for the situation to improve, Haniyeh called for Israel to withdraw from all territories occupied in 1967, dismantle settlements in the West Bank, release Palestinian prisoners, and recognize the right of refugees to return. Haniyeh stressed that for genuine peace, Israel must respect these fundamental rights of the Palestinian people. Our fight for freedom and the reunification of all our children in a completely independent Palestine, with its capital in Jerusalem, will not be halted. | 2 |
Major corporations, such as Intel Corp and International Business Machines Corp, have recently entered the solar power industry, signaling a potential trend among corporate giants to take advantage of the increasing demand for cleaner energy sources. According to Rhone Resch, president of the Solar Energy Industries Association, these developments demonstrate the direction in which the solar industry is headed, with both high-tech and energy companies beginning to invest in solar energy. Solar power, although still a small part of global energy consumption, is experiencing rapid growth as concerns about climate change and fossil fuel prices rise. Companies like SunPower Corp and Q-Cells AG have seen significant expansion in recent years, attracting the interest of other businesses looking to enter the fast-growing solar market. Tech companies like Applied Materials Inc and Cypress Semiconductor Corp have already made successful ventures into solar power, inspiring others to follow suit. Kevin Genieser, the leader of Morgan Stanley's renewable energy investment banking practice, stated that strategic players are able to bring large-scale manufacturing capabilities to the solar industry. He also mentioned that there is expected to be an increase in merger and acquisition activity in the solar space. Recently, Intel announced the spin-off of its solar technology into a start-up called SpectraWatt Inc, while IBM revealed a partnership with Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co Ltd to develop more efficient solar power technologies. Intel is investing $50 million in SpectraWatt, which will start shipping its solar cells next year, and IBM and TOK plan to license their technology in the next few years. These developments followed Robert Bosch GmbH's acquisition of German solar cell maker Ersol for 1.08 billion euros ($1.67 billion). Bosch, the largest automotive supplier in the world, has recently been joined by Hewlett-Packard Co, the biggest computer maker, in licensing its clear transistor technology to Xtreme Energetics, a solar power company based in Livermore, California. This move has been seen as a validation of solar power by many, showing that it is not just a passing trend. Analysts like Jesse Pichel from Piper Jaffray believe that the involvement of corporate giants like Intel, IBM, and HP, along with Bosch's recent acquisition of Ersol, demonstrate the long-term potential of solar energy. SunPower CEO Tom Werner also agrees, stating that with such major players in the industry, solar power is now considered a legitimate and viable option. Werner mentioned that IBM and Intel will raise the level of competition, but he believes SunPower's established business gives them a significant advantage. He stated in an interview that this will only push them to improve further. Resch and Pichel also agreed that new competitors in the market, no matter how big, are unlikely to impact established players due to high demand for solar panels. However, some people argue that the large companies entering the solar industry now may have missed the opportunity. CRT Capital Group analyst Ashok Kumar stated that these companies may be arriving late and not fully prepared, as many competitors have already established themselves both domestically and internationally. | 2 |
An insulting term that became associated with the unimpressive final years of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev in the 1970s and early 1980s is now increasingly being used to describe Putin. Russia has failed to fulfill promises of creating a modern pension system, improving regulation for financial markets, or investing in infrastructure. Despite facing financial strain from public sector pay raises before the recent presidential election, Russia plans to spend $620 billion by 2020 on military rearmament while cutting spending on infrastructure and education. This has disappointed business leaders who are in need of upgrades to the deteriorating road network. Despite Putin's promises to reduce the country's reliance on oil and gas exports, the price of oil needed to balance the budget has more than doubled in the past five years to $110. In terms of foreign policy, Medvedev's plan to improve relations with the United States has not progressed as hoped. Instead, Moscow has clashed with the West over Syria and has focused on establishing a free trade area with Belarus and Kazakhstan. Alexei Pushkov, chairman of the Duma's Foreign Affairs Committee, has stated that Russia aims to be an independent focal point for nations in its region and emphasizes that Russia does not want to be like the West, but rather wants to maintain its own identity. An example of the growing divide between Russia and the West is the harsh punishment given to members of the punk feminist band Pussy Riot, who were jailed for staging a protest in a Moscow cathedral. Putin stated that the women had received a fitting punishment for their performance, which he deemed as vulgar group sex that posed a threat to Russia's moral values. Western governments and human rights groups were outraged by the severity of the punishment. However, some believe that the harsh treatment of Pussy Riot may indicate a deeper issue of Kremlin insecurity in the face of growing public discontent. Despite a decrease in street protests in Moscow, political analysts note that the urban, educated population is becoming more dissatisfied with Putin's leadership. Not too far from Putin's impressive Novo-Ogaryovo residence, with its ornate gates adorned with the Russian eagle, is the unremarkable town of Krasnogorsk to the north of Moscow. Inside a bustling McDonald's restaurant in this town, a passionate 30-year-old woman named Yekaterina Samutsevich, a former member of Pussy Riot, shared her thoughts on the future of Russia under Putin amidst a snowstorm outside. She expressed her belief that the current system is deteriorating and becoming more oppressive, with those in power acting irrationally out of fear. She warned that if things continue this way, Russia could face a collapse similar to that of the Soviet Union. It is still uncertain whether Putin's vision of a strong, stable, and powerful Russia or the apocalyptic prediction of a young punk rocker will become reality. However, in the meantime, both the people and business elite of Russia are showing their opinions through their actions. Putin is not coming out on top in this situation. | 2 |
The US Army is currently taking steps to reduce its carbon emissions in order to make its operations more environmentally sustainable. This initiative aims to decrease the Army's climate-warming carbon dioxide emissions by 30 percent by 2015. Deputy assistant secretary for environment, safety, and occupational health, Tad Davis, is leading the effort to track and reduce the Army's carbon 'bootprint' in locations such as Iraq, Afghanistan, and training ranges in the United States. "We aim to reduce emissions and decrease energy usage from fossil fuels while promoting environmental sustainability across all Army bases," stated Davis. The initiative began at Fort Bragg in North Carolina in 2001, where changes were made to the setup of training ranges. Previously, mock towns and villages for combat training at Fort Bragg cost up to $400,000 each to build. Davis stated that now shipping containers, which cost approximately $25,000 each, are being made from recycled truck-sized containers to avoid adding to solid waste. During the early years of the Iraq war, convoys were at risk from IEDs due to the long supply chain from Kuwait to the battlefield, with much of the cargo being fuel. Davis emphasized the importance of reducing fuel consumption on the front line to minimize the risk to soldiers, suggesting the use of renewable energy sources such as wind or solar power instead of diesel generators to decrease the number of supply convoys targeted by IED attacks. A recent survey of U.S. forward bases in Djibouti, Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan revealed that a significant amount of power, at least 85 percent, was being used for air conditioning. This was necessary for providing comfort for sleeping and keeping communications equipment cool. The typical poorly insulated tents and temporary buildings in these areas made it difficult to keep them cool. To address this issue, foam insulation sprayed directly on tents was found to reduce energy loss by 45 percent. However, reducing greenhouse emissions from Army vehicles poses a different challenge, as making vehicles lighter to save fuel could compromise troop protection. Davis said that there is new technology developing which allows for lighter armor, suggesting that there may be an increase in hybrid vehicles in the military fleet in the future. He also expressed doubts about the US military being one of the largest greenhouse gas emitters in the world. The Army has begun tracking carbon emissions at Fort Carson, revealing that the base emits approximately 205,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, similar to a town of 25,000 people. The system created by Enviance, a company based in California, will eventually be implemented in all Army bases. It is currently being used by corporations and utilities in 45 countries to monitor adherence to environmental and safety regulations, according to Enviance's president Lawrence Goldenhersh. | 2 |
I believe that the decline of the Oscars can be attributed to the disappearance of the types of movies they were originally meant to highlight. The ideal Oscar nominee used to be a high-middlebrow film, aiming for true artistry and often achieving it, designed to be seen on the big screen with famous actors, striking cinematography, and a memorable soundtrack. These movies were not overly challenging for art-house audiences nor simplistic comic-book blockbusters, but were instead meant for a broad audience of mature viewers. In the past, Oscar races featured conflicts that captured the interest of all moviegoers, such as "Titanic" vs. "L.A. Confidential" or "Saving Private Ryan" vs. "Shakespeare in Love." This is why this year's Academy Awards ceremony, with its changes and 10 best picture nominees, feels like the end of an era. Many of the nominees fit the mold of the type of movies that the Oscars desperately need to thrive. "West Side Story" will be directed by Steven Spielberg, updating a classic musical. "King Richard" is a sports movie that is elevated by a powerful performance from Will Smith. "Dune" is an epic adaptation of a science-fiction classic. "Don't Look Up" is a significant film featuring Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Lawrence. "Drive My Car" is a three-hour Japanese film that explores the intricate relationship between a widowed actor and his young female chauffeur. Alright, perhaps the last one mentioned appeals to a more specific audience. However, this year's nominees include well-known actors, prominent directors, and traditional Hollywood genres. Despite this star power, most of the films were not well-attended in theaters. When the nominees were revealed in February, nine out of the 10 had earned less than $40 million domestically. The only outlier was "Dune," which barely surpassed $100 million domestically, ranking as the 13th highest-grossing movie of 2021. In total, the 10 nominees have collectively only made about a quarter of the earnings of "Spider-Man: No Way Home" at the domestic box office. Despite Hollywood's attempts to revive old successes, the public's interest seems to have waned. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly affecting films popular with older audiences, likely contributed to this. If not for the challenges posed by the delta and omicron variants, movies like "West Side Story" and "King Richard" might have performed better. Many of the best picture nominees were released simultaneously in theaters and on streaming platforms, with "Don't Look Up" finding success on Netflix after a brief theatrical release. This unique crisis has accelerated a technological shift, prompting a reflection on the current state of the industry. Certainly, non-superhero movie box office earnings are expected to recover in 2022, and the best picture nominees for next year will likely see a slight increase in theater revenue. However, in the grand scheme of Hollywood's history, it is evident that the Oscars are on the decline and we may be witnessing the end of traditional movies as we know them. This doesn't mean that films will disappear altogether, but rather that the era of movies as the primary form of American entertainment and culture is coming to a close. The film industry will continue to produce entertaining stories for audiences, but the iconic status and influence of movies may be fading. The end of the dominance of big screen entertainment has been anticipated for a long time, with the rise of television, VCRs, cable TV, and Hollywood's nostalgia for its own past. Despite the success of TV in the 1960s and '70s, it was seen as disposable compared to movies. The advent of VHS tapes allowed for a new way to enjoy films, but the focus remained on funding big screen productions. The emergence of prestige TV in the '80s and '90s marked a shift in the industry. However, if you desired true glory, genuine fame, or lasting artistic recognition, you still needed to showcase your work in movie theaters, producing self-contained works of art on a grand scale and gauging the reactions of critics and audiences. Succeeding in this endeavor could lead to becoming a figure like Robert Altman or Bruce Willis, who both made successful transitions from television to film. On the other hand, failing in this leap, as seen with Shelley Long and David Caruso, served as a cautionary tale that proved the unique challenge and status of movies as a separate entity from television. The late 1990s marked a period of transition as computer-generated effects advanced, hinting at a new era of cinematic marvel. Indie cinema helped to develop a new group of filmmakers. The year 1999 is often considered one of the best years for movies, with films like "Fight Club," "The Sixth Sense," "The Talented Mr. Ripley," "Election," "Three Kings," and "The Insider" contributing to this reputation. This year also saw an increase in Oscar viewership, especially after the success of "Titanic" in 1998. The movies of this era were seen as a rite of passage for teenagers, with memories of being turned away from R-rated films and the excitement of seeing more mature movies like "Eyes Wide Shut." And the initiation was not only about entering adulthood in general, but also about becoming fluent in a specific common language. Certain movies, such as "Austin Powers" and "The Matrix" (1999 once again!), were essential for social interaction as a college student, in order to understand the jokes and references that connected an entire social world. However, what followed was complex as various factors were at play, yet simple in that they all led to the same outcome - movies losing their revered status and becoming just another form of entertainment. One positive outcome of this shift was a surge in creativity on television, particularly during the "Sopranos" era of HBO, which allowed small screen entertainment to rival movies in terms of high-quality acting, writing, and directing. The other changes were somewhat unclear. Globalization expanded the market for Hollywood movies, but the global audience preferred simpler storytelling that could easily be understood across different languages and cultures. The rise of the internet, laptops, and iPhones personalized entertainment and made it more accessible, but also led to people watching on smaller screens and in isolation, rather than in theaters. Special effects allowed for visually stunning scenes and previously impossible stories to be told on the big screen. However, the focus on effects-driven blockbusters empowered fan culture, sometimes at the expense of traditional cinema elements. The rise of teenage culture in Western society has influenced Hollywood in two significant ways. One direction has led to a focus on superhero movies and other familiar properties targeted towards teenage audiences, while the other has resulted in an increase in content production for home entertainment and streaming platforms, blurring the lines between movies and television shows. The internet has taken over as a space for adult initiation, replacing the role that movies once played in American culture, which is now hard to imagine. With a wide variety of entertainment choices available and the repetitive nature of popular movies, it is unlikely that a few hit movies can serve as a universal cultural reference point. The idea of a movie star as a larger-than-life figure is becoming outdated, with superhero franchises often overshadowing the actors themselves. The types of genres that used to create a strong connection between actors and audiences, such as non-superhero action movies, historical epics, broad comedies, and meet-cute romances, have all declined quickly. While serialized television shows can create a bond between viewers and a specific character, this connection doesn't transfer as easily to the actor's other work as the larger-than-life personas of movie stars did. Male actors from TV's antihero era are often forever associated with their characters, like Tony Soprano, Walter White, Don Draper, and Al Swearengen. Female stars in recent serialized shows, like Jodie Comer in "Killing Eve" and Anya Taylor-Joy in "The Queen's Gambit," have not been able to bring their audiences with them to their film projects. Despite this, it is important to appreciate what this era has brought us, including the exceptional work of Comer and Taylor-Joy on TV. The abundance of content is remarkable, and serialized television dramas have storytelling capabilities that even the biggest movies lack. In our recent week of television viewing, my wife and I have been switching between the captivating basketball drama "Winning Time" and Amanda Seyfried's excellent performance as Elizabeth Holmes in "The Dropout." Next week, we plan to watch the long-awaited third season of Donald Glover's "Atlanta." While not all new content is as engaging, the quality of TV entertainment available now surpasses what was offered on cable 20 years ago. However, these TV productions are distinct from movies due to their lesser cultural impact, smaller stars, diminished communal influence, and the fact that stories crafted for television screens inherently lack certain artistic elements present in movies, such as the grand scale of the moviegoing experience, larger-than-life acting, and immersive cinematography, music, and sound editing. This is evident in comparing films like "Dune," "West Side Story," and "Nightmare Alley," which offer vastly different experiences in a theater versus at home. It is appropriate that the Oscars this year have marginalized awards for score, sound, and film editing, as the trend of movies being made for streaming platforms suggests a decreasing importance placed on audiovisual immersion. Additionally, the condensed storytelling format of serial television currently dominating our era lacks the power achieved through artistic exertions in cinema, where an entire story must be told in one go without the promise of future seasons or episodes. This power is what makes the greatest movies feel more complete than most long-form television series, which can often suffer from unnecessary seasons or episodes, as seen in shows like "Lost" and "Game of Thrones" that were derailed by not having a clear destination planned in advance. While a great movie can be seen as its own world, providing viewers with a complete and immersive experience, the potential artistic benefits of longer works should not be overlooked. Despite the character development and psychological depth achieved by shows like "The Sopranos" over time, films like "The Godfather" are still considered more flawless works of art. In a world where multiplatform content dominates and the small screen holds more influence than the big screen, fans of perfection may need to adjust their expectations. Restoration and preservation are the two key concepts being discussed here. The idea of restoration does not involve trying to recreate the landscape of 1998, but rather envisioning a future where older style, non-comic book blockbuster films become more financially viable and appealing to audiences. One potential factor that could contribute to this shift is the changing geopolitical landscape, with China and Russia becoming less welcoming to Western films. This could lead to a resurgence of movies with a more specifically American appeal, aiming to achieve success with smaller budgets rather than relying on massive global box office earnings. The current theatrical experience is focused on maximizing revenue through trailers and ads before showing high-budget movies, making moviegoing less appealing for adults. Some theaters are trying differential pricing to offer a more tailored experience for different types of movies. For example, making the experience for non-Marvel movies more accessible by offering lower ticket prices, fewer previews, and a simpler trip to the theater. This could help fill the empty seats in struggling multiplexes and increase ticket sales for non-Marvel movies. However, because there are limits to these hopes, lovers of The Movies must also consider preservation. This involves recognizing their role as similar to enthusiasts of theatre, opera, or ballet, who have long known that certain forms of artistic experiences require support and patronage to endure. In today's culture, it is important to cultivate mature tastes alongside those of adolescents. Support for movies should focus on two main areas: making it easier for theaters to show older films that may be overlooked by streaming services, and encouraging corporate entities to release classic titles from their vaults. Secondly, there is a focus on incorporating exposure to exceptional cinema into a well-rounded liberal arts education. Despite the current challenges facing the liberal arts, integrating 20th-century cinema into the curriculum can serve as a bridge connecting contemporary young people to the artistic traditions that influenced the development of film. This emphasis on high-quality cinema provides institutions with an opportunity to prioritize excellence over simply trying to stay relevant in today's academic landscape, which often involves superficial engagement with popular culture. A pivotal moment in my own cinematic education occurred during college, when I watched "Blade Runner" and "When We Were Kings" in a lecture hall as part of a course on heroism in ancient Greece. In 1998, I was still being exposed to the dominant popular art form of American culture. Nowadays, a student in the same position would be encountering an art form that is more in the past. This is also true for many other important cultural works, from ancient classics to more recent literature. Even if the decline of movies cannot be undone, there is still cultural life beyond this type of "death". It is now our responsibility to determine how rich and diverse this cultural life will be. | 2 |
In November 2018, the Camp Fire, the most devastating wildfire in California's history, was rapidly spreading through the Sierra Nevada foothills. Within four hours, it destroyed a town of 26,000 people, leaving schools, businesses, and 11,000 homes in ruins. Despite initially thinking the evacuation order was a false alarm, Singer managed to escape just in time as flames approached his yard. The town of Paradise was completely destroyed. Eighty-five individuals lost their lives, and over 90% of the population was forced to leave. Two years later, approximately 4,000 residents have come back to the devastated area to start anew and take their chances once more. Singer is one of those who returned, but now he is reconsidering his decision. In this ecosystem covered in chaparral, rebuilding after a fire has been a customary practice for decades. However, as California, the most populous state in the nation, faces a severe climate crisis with record-breaking temperatures and devastating wildfires, the process of rebuilding is taking on a new form. The state has been dealing with two major crises simultaneously, as wildfires raged during the pandemic. By the end of 2020, over 4.2 million acres had been burned by nearly 10,000 fires. Northern California has been particularly hard hit by megafires, while Southern California, specifically Los Angeles, has become the epicenter of the pandemic with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths in the country. In California, a historic housing shortage and low interest rates have led to record high home prices. The median cost of a single-family home surpassed $700,000 in August and continued to rise in September. Despite the increasing cost of new homes, many homeowners are facing even higher costs when rebuilding after a fire. Home rebuilds are decreasing throughout the state due to contractor shortages, rental market pressures, and a worsening climate crisis. California, still grappling with an affordable housing crisis, has seen a decline in new construction permits for the past two years following a steady rebound after the 2008 recession. In 2018, new home construction permits peaked at 120,000 before dropping to 110,000 in 2019. Following a devastating wildfire in Malibu, California on December 30, 2020, the rebuilding process is changing as the state faces a growing climate crisis. The California Industry Research Board is expected to release its 2020 construction and permit numbers in February, but estimates indicate that only 103,670 housing units were issued last year. As California grapples with a severe climate crisis that led to intense wildfires last fall, the process of rebuilding is evolving. The California Department of Insurance does not keep track of permits issued for fire-related losses, making it challenging to analyze the impact of wildfires on homebuilding. However, there is a noticeable trend of fewer rebuilds statewide, possibly due to the increasing frequency and severity of fires. More homeowners are now opting to start fresh rather than rebuild, indicating a significant shift in rebuilding decisions. The lack of contractors in the state is causing delays for homeowners trying to rebuild after natural disasters, sometimes leaving them in limbo for several years. Despite expectations of an increase in building permits following events like the Camp Fire, many insurance companies are simply writing big checks to homeowners who then struggle to find contractors available to rebuild their homes in a timely manner. However, in areas where the land is highly valuable, such as Malibu after the Woolsey Fire in 2018, rebuilding efforts are progressing steadily. The entire city was emptied of its residents and 650 of its high-priced homes, including those owned by Miley Cyrus, Gerard Butler, and Robin Thicke, were destroyed. However, today over one-third of those homes have been granted permits to rebuild (in Paradise, the figure is just over 10%). "Rebuilding after a fire is like someone who gets attacked by a shark but still goes back in the water to surf," said Michael Nourmand, president of the Los Angeles real estate firm Nourmand & Associates. "But people in LA have short memories. Most are planning to rebuild." It is easier to rebuild if you have ample financial resources. California implemented strict fire-safe building codes in 2008, which mandate reinforced roofs made of brick, masonry or concrete; walls that can withstand high temperatures; and landscaping free of highly flammable plants. In 2011, the state mandated that all single-family homes must have sprinkler systems installed. This requirement can add over $20,000 to the cost of rebuilding a home constructed before 2008. Those who opt to rebuild may have to rent while they wait, adding strain to a housing market already struggling with high prices and low supply. As a result, the most vulnerable residents in the state are impacted, leading to a 16% increase in homelessness in California in 2019, with over 150,000 residents now experiencing homelessness. Due to the impact of COVID-19, it is anticipated that those figures will increase. James Ryan, the president of Time for Homes, a nonprofit organization focused on eradicating chronic homelessness, explained that when numerous homes are destroyed, people are forced to relocate, causing rental prices to rise. This leads to an increase in the cost of affordable housing and a decrease in housing stability. Governor Gavin Newsom's eviction moratorium, designed to shield tenants from losing their homes due to pandemic-related challenges, is set to expire on February 1. However, some reports indicate that evictions have increased during the pandemic, despite the moratorium. According to Ryan, there are individuals who are falling through the cracks and experiencing forced evictions, leading them to search for alternative housing options. This has resulted in a shortage of available homes, causing a population shift towards California's rural areas. For example, in El Dorado County, east of Sacramento, sales increased by 28% in 2020, while Sacramento experienced a slight decline. The Inland Empire, consisting of Riverside and San Bernardino counties, is experiencing rapid growth and has largely been unaffected by the major wildfires that have impacted other metropolitan areas in California. The COVID-19 pandemic has further fueled this trend, with many families looking to move to more affordable areas such as the Inland Empire. The median home prices in Riverside and San Bernardino counties are significantly lower than in Orange County and Los Angeles County, making the region an attractive option for those looking for job opportunities and a lower cost of living. It is difficult to determine the exact reason for people's movement towards areas like the Inland Empire, Joshua Tree, and Palm Springs. It could be due to a desire for affordability or to escape fire risk. This trend has been happening since around 2010. However, not everyone has the option to move away from fire risk, especially in a state like California that is already experiencing a severe housing shortage. Since the Camp Fire, Singer and his wife, Shannon, have been living in an apartment in Chico, 20 miles away, as they deal with the challenges of rebuilding their home, such as insurance, zoning, and planning. They have also started a nonprofit organization called Paradise Stronger, using their fitness coaching background to provide mental health care to residents affected by the disaster. Initially, they were dedicated to helping with Paradise's recovery plan to rebuild the city with more parks, green space, and improved evacuation routes. However, the 2020 fire season brought new challenges with "megafires" and "hot droughts," along with fire-whipping winds that lead to power shut-offs. In October, the Singers had to evacuate once again, this time with a fire approaching and having already caused damage. Singer, 43, shared that the area where their home would have been was the first to be evacuated this time, and it was filled with smoke. The PTSD was widespread. His wife expressed her doubts about rebuilding and questioned if they should continue living in the same place. Singer recalled her saying, "I'm not sure I want to rebuild. I'm not sure this is where I want to be anymore." He says he is willing to stay in the town and be a part of its vision, but not if it means sacrificing his marriage. The couple has decided to put their rebuild plans on hold for now, but if they do decide to move forward, they will have to spend $100,000 out of pocket for a smaller, more fire-safe home on the same property, with an estimated cost of $250,000. They were paid $145,000 for the building that was destroyed in a fire, but like many American households, they later found out they were not adequately insured. In response to insurers pulling out of high-risk areas, some new developments are implementing resilience measures in fire-prone regions. For example, Rancho Mission Viejo in Southern California is the largest new community in the state, with plans to preserve 75% of its 23,000 acres of open space and provide 14,000 homes, including some specifically for residents over 55. Fire resilience is a fundamental aspect of the construction in the community, which had already implemented numerous wildfire resistance strategies prior to them becoming state and local requirements. A recent report by the Urban Land Institute highlighted the community, as well as the entire town of Paradise, for their efforts in rebuilding after wildfires. Rancho Mission Viejo has established a 110-foot-wide fuel modification zone around each neighborhood, replacing combustible vegetation with fire-resistant plants and prohibiting certain plant species. The construction materials used are noncombustible, and automatic fire sprinklers were mandatory in every home even before California law required them in 2011. The additional cost of fire-safe modifications during construction has become minimal. Initially, these modifications added between $4,000 and $10,000 to the cost of each home, but now the cost has decreased to as low as $1,000. Jay Bullock, vice president for planning and entitlement at Rancho Mission Viejo, explained that these fire-safe methods, once considered radical, are now more common in the market. Mike Balsamo, senior vice president for governmental relations at Rancho Mission Viejo, emphasized the importance of building safely in high fire hazard zones for a sustainable future in a state where livable space is limited. He mentioned that there is a specific strategy to follow for this. "We have the ability to establish a community that is as safe from fires as possible." © 2020 New York Times News Service. | 2 |
During weekends, jazz bands performed on street corners, friends met on the median, children rode their bikes, and diners sat at bistro tables on the asphalt. The coronavirus pandemic initially kept New Yorkers indoors, but eventually led them to venture outside for various activities, resulting in a spontaneous transformation of the city's streets. City officials allocated 83 miles of roads for cyclists, runners, and walkers, permitted thousands of restaurants to use sidewalks and streets for outdoor dining, and allowed retailers to expand their storefronts. People embraced this change and are reluctant to give it up. Mayor Bill de Blasio has praised these initiatives as a positive development during a challenging time for the city. Formerly a skeptic, de Blasio now believes that certain pandemic-era experiments will become permanent fixtures in New York City. The New York Times consulted Open Streets users, urban planner Claire Weisz, and selected three streets from the Open Streets and Open Restaurants programs to explore potential future changes for the city. While the Open Restaurants program has been made permanent, the future of Open Streets remains uncertain. Vanderbilt Avenue in Prospect Heights, 34th Avenue in Jackson Heights, and Avenue B on the Lower East Side are examples of streets that could serve as models for city-wide improvements. For example, Vanderbilt Avenue could be transformed into a European-style boulevard with an expanded median and performance stage. On Halloween morning, Dayna Rosen was seen on Vanderbilt Avenue taking pictures of her Boston terrier mix, Monty. Monty had on a denim jacket and a bright pink mohawk, which made Rosen feel like she was in Europe. Vanderbilt Avenue in Prospect Heights was transformed into a bustling hub with restaurants extending into the street. Volunteers would block cars with blue barricades on Saturday mornings. Local residents wanted more benches and tables, improved bike lanes, and a say in the future of the avenue. Suggestions included turning it into an events space with a stage for performances. The median on Vanderbilt could be expanded into a small park with public bathrooms, similar to countries where users pay a small fee for cleanliness. Medians could serve as loading and unloading areas for deliveries, and new bike lanes could be created alongside the median to accommodate different types of cyclists. This model, similar to the one in Copenhagen, involves separate lanes for fast bicyclists, commuters, and delivery workers, as well as a lane for leisurely riders. In Queens, 34th Avenue could potentially be transformed into a pedestrian promenade by expanding the existing median to include features such as workout areas and gardens, while moving the bike lane away from traffic. Residents like Laurie Gold appreciate the current Open Streets portion of 34th Avenue, which has become a popular destination for families during the pandemic. Neighbors gather to socialize while parents push strollers and children play basketball or ride bicycles. Eight-year-old Ashley Cedeno enjoys playing tag and hide-and-seek on the street, which she describes as a place for fun and playing together. Travers Park, a 2-acre playground and green space surrounded by apartment buildings and schools, is a popular gathering spot on the western half of the avenue. While some residents want to maintain the area's residential charm, others wish for more commercial activities like fairs, food trucks, and sidewalk vendors. Occasionally, farmers and winemakers set up tents to sell goods on weekends. Edwin Cordero, who has lost 5 pounds while walking his dog, Lucy, believes there should be more options for street festivals in the area. According to Weisz, 34th Avenue presents numerous opportunities for practical use. The width of the roadway is about 55 feet from one curb to the other, allowing for the median to be expanded to the sidewalk on one side and transforming the other side into a one-way road. This expansion would provide a larger area for pedestrians and more greenery, improving safety for cyclists by moving the bike lane closer to the sidewalk. Suggestions to add public facilities like restrooms and create space for vendors and workout areas at Travers Park were made, with inspiration drawn from Tokyo's architecturally appealing and wheelchair-accessible restrooms. Converting Avenue B into a one-way street near Tompkins Square Park was proposed to make the area more pedestrian-friendly, with residents suggesting more greenery, trees, and plants along the sidewalks. Fences surround the park's perimeter, with paved entryways for access. Benches are placed along the paths, but are not surrounded by trees and shrubs, which are protected by additional fencing within the park. Weisz noted that the fences were originally intended to keep farm animals out of the park, but later became a security measure in the 1970s. She suggested that removing the fences would create a more inviting atmosphere, with paths winding through trees and green spaces for people to enjoy while maintaining social distancing. She proposed using Barcelona, Spain's superblocks as a model for Avenue B, turning it into a one-way open street with wider lanes for public amenities like restrooms. Slowing down traffic flow would improve safety in the area. Avenue B could be improved with the addition of bike lanes and designated delivery areas, according to Weisz. He believes it has the potential to be a great shared street. | 2 |
Egyptians will be voting on Saturday in a referendum to decide on constitutional changes aimed at enabling fair and open elections. The proposed amendments have caused a split within the reform movement that led to the ousting of Hosni Mubarak. Some believe that more extensive changes are necessary, while others argue that the amendments are sufficient for now. A large voter turnout is anticipated. The Muslim Brotherhood, a well-organised Islamist group, supports the amendments, putting them at odds with secular groups and prominent reform proponents such as Mohamed ElBaradei and Amr Moussa, who are both running for president. The military council, which took power from Mubarak on Feb. 11, is hoping for the amendments to pass so they can continue with their plan for parliamentary and presidential elections, ultimately leading to a transfer of power to an elected government. Ahmed Saleh, who is currently overseeing ElBaradei's presidential campaign, described the upcoming vote as a significant moment. He mentioned that there is a high level of interest in voting among the people and a sense of change in the air. The military council, which took over power from Mubarak on February 11, is urging for a strong voter turnout. The council's main objective for the referendum is to set the stage for upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections. They emphasized the importance of Egyptian participation and input, more so than the actual outcome of the vote. The council has tasked a judicial committee with drafting amendments, including a two-term limit for the presidency to restrict leaders to serving a maximum of eight years, in contrast to Mubarak's three-decade rule. Rejecting the amendments will require the council to reconsider its strategy and extend a transitional period that it aims to keep as brief as possible. However, the reforms do not meet the expectations of reformists who seek a complete overhaul of the constitution. Youth groups leading protests against Mubarak view the amendments as an effort to stifle the revolution. Additionally, there are concerns that the military's tight election schedule will not allow enough time for political parties to recover from years of suppression, potentially benefiting the Muslim Brotherhood and remnants of Mubarak's regime. General Ismail Etman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces has stated that amending the constitution is the best, albeit not ideal, solution. In an interview with Al Gomhuria newspaper that was published on Thursday, he mentioned that the approval of the amendments would result in the creation of new laws that would allow for more political freedom, including the removal of restrictions on forming political parties. The debate on how to vote has been prominent in newspapers, television stations, and social media platforms. The "No" camp continued their campaign on Friday with a full-page advertisement in Al Masry Al Youm, a popular Egyptian newspaper. One of the objections listed was, "How can I support a decision of such historical significance without sufficient time or information?" This was accompanied by images of actors, politicians, religious leaders, and businessmen who are encouraging voters to reject the amendments. On the following page, a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood expressed a different perspective: "Backing the changes to the constitution is a move towards fulfilling the goals of the revolution ... those who oppose them have not presented a viable alternative." Approximately 45 million out of Egypt's 80 million population are eligible to participate in the voting process, and a significant turnout is anticipated from citizens who are accustomed to experiencing violent and rigged elections during Mubarak's rule. "I will definitely cast my vote. I have never believed that my vote would have as much impact as it will on Saturday," stated Ahmed Adel, 35, who mentioned that he plans to support the amendments in order to help steer his country in the right direction. "We urgently need a functioning parliament and president." Activist Ziad el-Elemi expressed a differing opinion, stating that workshops are being conducted nationwide to educate citizens on the fact that constitutional amendments alone are not sufficient. | 2 |
Palep's 9-year-old daughter, Aviana Campello-Palep, is unreserved and unhesitant when discussing menstruation, unlike her friends who also talk openly about it. This openness has inspired Palep and her daughters to create Girls With Big Dreams, a line of undergarments for tweens, including reusable period underwear. The brand will be launched in early February, with the aim of normalizing period talk and offering environmentally friendly alternatives to disposable pads and tampons. Aviana hopes to make a positive impact by reducing the embarrassment surrounding something as natural as menstruation. This initiative reflects a shift in attitudes towards periods among Gen Z and beyond, who are more open about discussing periods and are increasingly concerned about the environmental sustainability of period products. The combination of the two ideals could indicate a change in how young people are approaching menstruation culturally. There are now more options available for reusable period products such as absorbent underwear, menstrual cups, cloth pads, panty liners, and tampons without applicators than ever before. Some of these products are specifically designed for teenagers and preteens. Michela Bedard, the executive director of Period Inc., a global nonprofit organization focused on providing access to period supplies and eliminating period stigma, stated that this movement is driven by youth. Young people who menstruate are experiencing a different way of managing their periods throughout their lives with reusable products. Although reusable products make up only a small portion of menstruation supplies purchased in the United States, with Americans spending $1.8 billion on pads and $1 billion on tampons annually, the market share for reusable products is expected to increase over the next decade. This growth is largely attributed to the growing acceptance and availability of menstrual cups in Western countries. The average person who menstruates can go through thousands of tampons in their lifetime, according to a 2021 report by the United Nations Environment Programme, which also states that single-use plastic menstrual products take around 500 years to decompose. Members of Generation Z, known for being more environmentally conscious than previous generations, are educating their parents on sustainable ways to manage their monthly cycles. Dr. Cara Natterson, a pediatrician and author, no longer has conversations about hiding tampons and pads, as younger generations question the need for secrecy. Natterson's own daughter has introduced her to new menstrual products she learns about from social media influencers and #PeriodTok videos on Instagram. Natterson said that teenagers are more interested in discussing people's experiences rather than reading five-star Amazon reviews. She recently considered using cloth pads again after her daughter suggested it, despite a failed experiment with them years ago. According to historian Lara Freidenfelds, homemade menstrual rags were commonly used until Kotex became the first successful mass-marketed pad in 1921, marking a shift towards disposability and aspirational branding in the modern era. In the 1970s, discussions about sustainability in menstrual care began with the use of cloth pads and sponges. People who were idealistic and concerned about the environment found the available products to be impractical. Over the years, convenience has often taken precedence over sustainability. Today, parents of Generation Z individuals have access to improved menstrual technology, such as more effective cloth pads and period underwear made of highly absorbent yet slim fabric. With these advancements, parents can offer their children more sustainable options and potentially reduce the more than 15 billion disposable menstrual products that end up in American landfills each year. Nadya Okamoto, a former executive director of Period Inc. and co-founder of the sustainable menstrual products brand August, expressed excitement about the future world when progressive Gen Zers become parents in 20 years. Despite cultural shifts and technological advances, there are still significant barriers to widespread use of reusable or recyclable products. Anaya Balaji, a 13-year-old, mentioned that disposable pads are the easiest to find and buy when first getting your period, with Always being a common presence in her California high school bathrooms. Anaya also serves as an online community leader for the Inner Cycle, connecting with peers on social media to provide education and awareness for the August brand. She mentioned that there are products available that are suitable for your body and also benefit the environment. However, some young individuals cannot afford reusable products, particularly in areas where period poverty is an issue. Even though investing in items like $25 underwear or a $60 cup can save money in the long run, many people do not have that extra money each month. Bedard, whose organization helps the economically disadvantaged, highlighted that reusable and recyclable products face a "tampon tax" in several states, which is seen as discriminatory and activists are working to repeal it. In 2021, some states like Louisiana, Maine, and Vermont eliminated the tax on menstrual products. Despite efforts by young people to normalize periods, the cultural stigma surrounding menstruation remains strong. Taboos related to virginity, purity, and cleanliness in various cultures and religions discourage open discussion and may hinder the use of internal menstrual products like tampons or cups. Corporate messaging often focuses on discretion and cleanliness, reinforcing the idea that periods are dirty or shameful. Chella Quint, a menstrual activist and author, believes that the disposable menstrual product industry has played a significant role in perpetuating negative taboos. According to Natterson, menstrual health is a public health concern that transcends gender. To address the stigmas related to menstruation, it is important for everyone, including those who do not menstruate, to feel comfortable discussing periods. Natterson emphasized the importance of teaching her son to be supportive and respectful towards others by being prepared to help a classmate in need of a tampon or pad. She believes that it is essential for everyone to be involved in promoting respect for others' bodies. | 2 |
Between 1990 and 2014, the amount of land used for growing wine grapes in Paso Robles increased significantly to 37,408 acres, thanks to the area's ideal conditions for producing flavorful red wines. The wines from Paso Robles have gained international recognition, with one red blend from Saxum Vineyards even being named the "wine of the year" by Wine Spectator magazine in 2010. However, the ongoing drought in California has severely impacted the region, leading to lower grape yields and a depletion of the area's main water source, the aquifer. As a result, wells for both residents and vineyards have dried up in Paso Robles. Some wealthy individuals, including large wineries and growers, have dug deeper wells in Paso Robles, causing tensions and raising concerns about the sustainability of the area's wine industry. Cam Berlogar, a resident of Creston, expressed worry that all the water is being taken away for profit. Unlike other states, California's outdated laws allow property owners to freely extract groundwater, leading to a "survival of the fittest" situation, according to Berlogar, whose own well has seen a significant drop in water levels. Richard Sauret is seen walking in his Paso Robles vineyard in California on April 20, 2015, where he uses minimal water for irrigation. Despite a moratorium on new water-dependent projects in San Luis Obispo County in August 2013, which will end this summer, existing projects like Sauret's grape acreage have continued to expand. Sauret, known for his water conservation practices, still pumps water from the aquifer for irrigation and expresses concern about the possibility of the resource depleting. Sauret stated that there is an excessive amount of demand, with many vineyards being blamed for the situation. He expressed concern that many farmers will have to adjust to farming with significantly less water. Change is on the horizon, as Governor Jerry Brown signed a series of bills last year in response to the drought. These bills mandate that groundwater-dependent areas form local water sustainability agencies by 2017. These agencies will have several years to develop water management plans and then a couple of decades to put those plans into action. Some Paso Robles residents are concerned about the depletion of the aquifer and the potential consequences. A report for the county of San Luis Obispo projected that, even without any additional growth, the water drawn from the basin would exceed that replenishing it by 1.8 billion gallons annually between 2012 and 2040. Hilary Graves, a wine producer, is worried that if the issue is not managed soon, it could become irreversible. Graves, a fourth-generation farmer whose family migrated to California after the Dust Bowl, hopes to avoid having to retrace their steps back to Oklahoma and Arkansas. Residents are divided on how to address the water crisis, with county supervisors voting on creating a new water district governed by an elected nine-member board. Concerns arise about newcomers influencing elections and leaving local landowners with hefty infrastructure bills. Susan Harvey criticizes the proposed district as "we pay, they pump." The community is especially worried about wealthy newcomers with political connections, such as Harvard University and the Resnick family, who have made significant investments in land in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties. The Resnicks purchased Justin Vineyards & Winery and a large ranch, while Harvard has acquired thousands of acres. Some residents, like Cindy Steinbeck, are part of groups like Protect Our Water Rights and are hesitant about a proposed water agency in the area. Her organization is encouraging landowners to participate in a quiet title action to safeguard their water rights and prefers to have the courts manage the basin's water. Steinbeck, a member of the group, stated that their objective is to protect family farmers in Paso Robles from being displaced by larger corporations. According to Jay Famiglietti, a senior water scientist at NASA, Paso Robles will serve as a significant example for other water-stressed groundwater basins looking to implement regional oversight. The Paso Robles Agricultural Alliance for Groundwater Solutions (PRAAGS) has been instrumental in driving this initiative, with board members from J Lohr Vineyards & Wines and individuals with ties to Harvard's property interests in the region. Other supporters in the district include Justin Vineyards and County Supervisor Frank Mecham, who supported the creation of the new agency. Mecham acknowledges the concerns of residents but also recognizes the importance of water management. His ancestors suffered losses due to drought, leading him to believe that some form of management is necessary. Mecham believes that residents must choose how they want to be managed. Richard Sauret strolls through his vineyard in Paso Robles, California on April 20, 2015, showcasing the irrigation system he uses that requires minimal water. This information was reported by Reuters. | 2 |
According to two sources familiar with President-elect Biden's decision-making process, he has selected Tom Vilsack, who previously served as secretary of agriculture under former President Barack Obama for eight years, to lead the department once again. Vilsack, 69, a former governor of Iowa, is the seventh member of Biden's Cabinet to be chosen. If confirmed by the Senate, Marcia Fudge, 68, would also join retired Gen. Lloyd Austin and Xavier Becerra as part of Biden's efforts to create a diverse administration. Biden is facing pressure from various groups and lawmakers with differing opinions on what it means to have an administration that represents the diversity of America. The process of selecting key positions has become a complex puzzle for Biden and his team as they seek qualified candidates who align with the president-elect and contribute to a diverse Cabinet that contrasts with the Trump administration. Rep. James Clyburn and other allies of Fudge have advocated for her to be appointed to lead the Agriculture Department, where she aims to shift the focus towards addressing hunger, especially in urban areas. Instead, Biden chose Vilsack, a white man from a rural farming state, over Fudge, who is black. This decision to appoint Fudge to HUD instead of a more traditional place for a Black secretary may disappoint those advocating for her, including members of the Congressional Black Caucus. The current housing secretary, Ben Carson, is also Black. After nominating Austin as defense secretary, Black civil rights activists urged Biden to prioritize civil rights and nominate a Black attorney general as he promised during his campaign. In an interview before meeting with Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris, civil rights leader and talk show host Al Sharpton discussed Biden's commitments and the importance of keeping promises. Biden is considering several candidates to lead the Justice Department, including Sen. Doug Jones, Sally Yates, and Judge Merrick Garland, but Jeh Johnson, a former secretary of homeland security, has removed himself from consideration. During an interview with CNN last week, Biden acknowledged that various advocacy groups are constantly advocating for their interests, which he believes is their responsibility. He defended his Cabinet picks as the most diverse in American history. Despite this, advocates are taking no chances. A meeting between the president-elect, vice president-elect, Sharpton, and other civil rights leaders lasted nearly two hours and allowed them to present their arguments. Sharpton emphasized to Biden the importance of appointing an attorney general with a background in civil rights to counteract what he described as the most racist and bigoted administration in recent memory. He specifically suggested a Black attorney general. Additionally, Derrick Johnson from the NAACP urged Biden to create a civil rights envoy position in the West Wing that would directly report to the president, similar to the climate envoy position held by John Kerry. “We believe that a national adviser focused on racial justice is necessary. During the Democratic primary, Biden benefited from Sharpton’s decision to remain neutral instead of endorsing Sen. Bernie Sanders. In the general election, Harris benefitted from Sharpton advocating for a Black woman on the ticket rather than endorsing Stacey Abrams. This has given Sharpton some influence with the Biden-Harris transition team. Additionally, over 1,000 high-profile Black women signed a letter to Biden expressing concern over the lack of Black women candidates for top positions in his administration and urging him to improve.” The letter written by Black women advocates called for the recognition and consideration of the leadership of Black women serving in policy areas that impact the nation for positions in the administration's Cabinet. Among those recommended was Fudge, who had campaigned to become Biden's agriculture secretary. However, Fudge accepted the selection to lead the housing agency, expressing willingness to help the president in any way possible. She had previously considered challenging Speaker Pelosi but ultimately endorsed her after being assured that Black women would have a voice in decision-making in Congress. The departure of Marcia Fudge will create another challenge: how to keep the Democratic Party's small majority in the House, which has decreased significantly since the November elections. Biden's selection of Cedric Richmond as a senior adviser in the White House had already required the party to defend his seat. By choosing Fudge for his Cabinet, Democrats now have to win another special election to fill her seat. | 2 |
At New York's Del Posto, customers have the option to split a $130 wild branzino entree with roasted fennel and peperonata concentrato and indulge in a $3,600 bottle of Dom Perignon. However, they are not allowed to split a bottle of Perrier or San Pellegrino water. The Italian restaurant, supported by celebrities Mario Batali and Joseph Bastianich, is among those opting out of serving bottled water, following the lead of San Francisco and New York state. Bastianich, who is gradually eliminating bottled water from his restaurant chain, including locations in Los Angeles, stated, "The case for local water is strong and clear. It's about reducing transportation, packaging, and the impracticality of shipping water globally." Beverage companies like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, Nestle, and SABMiller are increasingly aware of the impact of environmental concerns on their bottled water sales. As water scarcity becomes a growing issue, these companies are taking steps to address negative consumer perceptions and maintain access to water resources. Steve Dixon, who manages the Global Beverage Fund at Arnhold & S. Bleichroeder, likened water to the new oil, emphasizing the importance of addressing perceptions around water usage in the face of climate change and population growth. While Dixon believes there will always be enough water overall, he recognizes the significance of consumer perceptions and the need to address them. Brooke Barton, who manages corporate accountability for Ceres, an organization focused on sustainability, stated that currently about one-third of the global population resides in regions experiencing water stress. She predicts that by 2025, this number will increase to about two-thirds. Andy Wales, head of sustainable development at SABMiller, a brewing company that consumed 94.5 billion liters of water in its last fiscal year, emphasized that while water is currently inexpensive, this may change in the future. This equates to 4.5 liters of water needed for every liter of beer produced. The cost of water and energy combined only accounted for 5 percent of the total costs, with brewing ingredients, bottling materials, and labor overshadowing them. Despite this, the brewer mentioned that water costs at a Bogota, Colombia plant are increasing by around 12 percent annually due to soil erosion and deforestation caused by cattle grazing upstream. New water pricing models, such as the European Union's Water Framework Directive, are being introduced to tax water starting in 2010 in order to promote more sustainable water usage. Agriculture accounts for 70 percent of the world's water usage, while industry uses 20 percent. However, any industry that relies on agriculture, including those producing meat and jeans, faces more challenges than just their own water usage. Companies such as SABMiller, Coke, and Pepsi are now taking into account their "water footprints," which includes the water used throughout their entire supply chain, such as for growing ingredients like barley and hops. For example, SABMiller's total water use can be up to 34 times more than what it uses directly, varying from 40 liters for a liter of beer in Central Europe to 155 liters in South Africa. By using the lower ratio as an estimate, SABMiller's total water footprint in the previous year was approximately 8.4 trillion liters, which is more than double what Iceland used in 2004. "In the long term, we do consider it a risk," stated Wales. Multinational drink companies are responding to criticism by implementing water conservation measures such as setting targets, building community wells, and creating more efficient factories. They are also collaborating with locals on sustainable farming, water harvesting, and reforestation, as well as exploring new technologies to reduce water consumption while increasing drink production. Greg Koch, managing director of global water stewardship at Coke, emphasized the importance of businesses with a direct connection to water taking responsibility. Nonalcoholic drink makers use 0.03 percent of groundwater in the United States, according to the American Beverage Association. Despite this low percentage, the industry's visibility makes it a key player in the ongoing battle for water resources, as noted by Kim Jeffery, CEO of Nestle Waters North America. Jeffery compared criticism of his industry to a gnat bothering an elephant, as opposition from residents and environmental groups has derailed his contract to build a bottling plant in McCloud, California. Nestle is conducting a 3-year study of the area's resources, but Jeffery believes the project may never come to fruition due to changing economics and hesitancy on both sides. Tom Pirko of Bevmark LLC emphasized the importance of aligning with consumer sentiment on such issues, citing Coca-Cola's experience in Kerala, India where its bottling plant was shut down amid accusations of depleting the water table. Coke claimed that its plant was not the cause of the shortages, but there was still widespread outrage, with students in Britain and North America calling for boycotts. A college in Massachusetts, Smith College, even ended a long-standing relationship with the company by not allowing it to bid for its soft drink contract. Koch stated that they lost the social license to operate as a result. Environmental and community groups are continuing to push for Coke to be removed from other villages in India. | 2 |
According to a recent survey, the majority of people in India see lack of job opportunities as the biggest issue, a concern that has remained consistent throughout Prime Minister Narendra Modi's time in office. The survey also revealed that worries about terrorism and Pakistan were prevalent even before recent tensions. Despite these concerns, most Indians are content with the country's direction and economic prospects for future generations. Additionally, over half of those surveyed expressed satisfaction with the functioning of democracy in India. Satisfaction with Indian democracy has decreased by 25 percentage points since 2017, when 79 percent of respondents approved. Men are more likely than women to support Indian democracy, although one in five women chose not to give an opinion. The Pew Survey, conducted from May 23 to July 23, 2018, had 2,521 respondents. This survey took place during the final year of Modi's term before the election, in which approximately 900 million people were eligible to vote. Modi is currently seen as the frontrunner in the upcoming election starting on April 11, but his lead is narrowing and some polls suggest that his Hindu nationalist-led group may not secure a clear majority. Recent tensions with Pakistan have shifted focus from domestic issues to national security, benefiting Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party. Critics have alleged that the BJP is instilling fear among India's Muslim community by pushing a Hindu-centric agenda and singling them out for the slaughter of cows, which are considered sacred. There have also been doubts raised about the party's loyalty to India. The BJP refutes these claims, stating that it is against favoritism towards any group. Muslims account for around 14 percent of India's 1.3 billion population. | 2 |
During his annual address to the United Nations, Trump criticized Iran's government and praised North Korea, while also declaring his intent to prioritize American interests over globalism. The majority of his speech focused on Iran, accusing the country of pursuing nuclear weapons and supporting militant groups in the Middle East. Trump described Iran's leaders as promoting chaos and disregarding the rights of other nations. In response, Iranian President Rouhani criticized Trump's decision to pull out of the 2015 nuclear deal. He stated that he did not want to take a photo with Trump and implied that the president's withdrawal from international organizations shows a lack of intelligence. He believes that rejecting multilateralism is a sign of weakness rather than strength, as it shows a failure to comprehend the complexities of the global world. World leaders mostly remained quiet during Trump's speech, as they are uneasy with his isolationist stance that has caused tension with longstanding allies. Despite its understated delivery, Trump's speech strongly reiterated his "America First" agenda. He has upset the global balance by pulling the United States out of the nuclear deal and the Paris climate accord, and has warned NATO countries about not contributing enough to their defense. Trump declared that America will not give up its sovereignty to a global bureaucracy and emphasized the importance of patriotism over globalism. In addition to criticizing Iran and China, Trump did not mention Russia's involvement in Syria or its alleged interference in US elections. Rouhani delivered a defiant speech to the world body, emphasizing Iran's stance of no war, sanctions, threats, or bullying, and instead promoting adherence to the law and fulfilling obligations. When it was his turn, French President Emmanuel Macron offered an alternative perspective, warning against the dangers of survival of the fittest, protectionism, and isolationism, and advocating for multilateralism and collective action. Macron expressed concern about the erosion of basic principles and the potential return of global conflicts if countries abandon these values. Macron warned that our children are observing the consequences of unilateralism, using Iran as an example. Trump, known for touting his economic achievements at rallies, did the same before world leaders, claiming to have accomplished more than most past US presidents. This statement elicited murmurs and laughter from the crowd, surprising the president. He reacted by saying, "I didn’t expect that reaction, but that's OK." Trump tried to create a divide between Iran's leaders and its citizens following a recent attack in southwestern Iran. He stated that he would not engage with the Iranians until they change their behavior, while also emphasizing that economic pressure on Iran would continue. John Bolton, Trump's national security adviser, criticized the 2015 accord and issued a warning to the leaders in Tehran about the consequences of their actions. In May, Republican President Trump decided to pull the United States out of the agreement aimed at limiting Iran's nuclear activities in exchange for lifting sanctions. The deal included France, Britain, Germany, Russia, China, and the European Union along with Iran. Relations between Washington and Tehran, which have been strained for many years, have deteriorated further since May. The agreement with Iran, an OPEC member, was originally negotiated during the presidency of Democrat Barack Obama. Trump announced that additional sanctions would be imposed starting on November 5th, with more to come, and that efforts were being made to persuade countries that import Iranian oil to reduce their purchases significantly. He mentioned that the United States would assist in forming a regional strategic partnership between Gulf nations, Jordan, and Egypt as a way to counter Iran. Trump drew a comparison between US relations with Iran and the improved relationship with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, whom he met in Singapore in June in an effort to persuade Pyongyang to give up its nuclear weapons. During a previous address to the UN, Trump had criticized Kim as a "rocket man" seeking nuclear destruction. However, on Tuesday, Trump commended Kim for stopping nuclear and missile tests, releasing American prisoners, and returning the remains of US soldiers from the Korean War era. Both leaders are working on organizing a second summit. Trump stated that sanctions on North Korea will continue at this time. He issued a stern warning to OPEC nations, urging them to cease increasing oil prices and to fund their own defense. He also warned that US aid would be restricted to countries that are supportive of the United States. Anwar Gargash, the UAE Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, countered Trump's claims by stating that oil prices are determined by market forces such as supply and demand, and cannot be influenced by individual decisions. Gargash's country is a member of OPEC. Crude oil prices reached their highest point in four years on Tuesday due to the upcoming US sanctions on Iranian crude exports and the hesitancy of OPEC and Russia to increase production in order to make up for any potential decrease in global supply. | 2 |
Reuters has announced that the director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD), Dr. Huq, has been ranked 208th on the list. Dr. Huq, the only Bangladeshi scientist to receive this recognition on Earth Day, April 20, has been acknowledged for his and IUB's ongoing efforts to position Bangladesh as a significant contributor to global climate change knowledge. The ranking is based on research papers, citations, and references, with the Reuters Hot List identifying the world's 1,000 most influential climate scientists. Dr. Huq is known for his expertise in climate change adaptation in vulnerable developing countries and his contributions to multiple assessment reports for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He is also involved in providing guidance to the least developed countries within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Recently, under his leadership, ICCCAD at IUB has successfully secured a six-year project funded by Norway Higher Education through NORAD. The project, titled "Co-creating knowledge for local adaptation to climate change in the LDCs," involves collaboration with four other partners - the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Pokhara University in Nepal, the University of Eduardo Mondlane of Mozambique, and the Makarere University of Uganda. This project proposal was submitted through the LDC Universities' Consortium on Climate Change (LUCCC), which is now recognized as an official program by the 47 LDC governments. IUB is one of the founding members of LUCCC. | 2 |
The model of Noah's Ark, built as a symbol of hope and warning against the dangers of global warming, is currently being reconstructed on Mount Ararat in eastern Turkey. Environmental activists are leading the effort to complete the wooden vessel by the end of May, coinciding with a climate change summit in Germany. The goal is to send a message to world leaders about the urgent need to address the climate crisis before it's too late. Wolfgang Sadik, campaign leader for Greenpeace, emphasized the importance of the project in raising awareness and inspiring action to protect our planet. The IPCC has issued a warning that carbon dioxide emissions need to be cut in half by 2050 to prevent dangerous climate changes, particularly concerning rising sea levels. The UN predicts that sea levels could rise by 18-59 cms this century, a significant increase from the 17 cms seen in the last century. However, there is disagreement on how to address this issue, with Germany advocating for G8 countries to endorse the IPCC target and encourage carbon trading to penalize greenhouse gas emissions. US chief climate negotiator Harlan Watson stated that the United States will not accept emissions targets or cap-and-trade schemes, but instead will combat climate change by investing in clean energy technologies. In the Biblical story of Noah's Ark, God punishes humanity's sins by flooding the Earth, sparing righteous Noah and pairs of all animals to preserve life. The original Ark in the story was much larger than the commonly depicted smaller version, measuring 300 cubits long, or about 140 meters. The model, intended to become a mountain hut, is a tight fit for climbers. Timber for the boat was recently transported up the mountain by horse, and volunteers are facing logistical challenges due to the high altitude and remote location. The goal is to complete the project by May 31 for a ceremony where doves will be released from the boat as a symbol of hope in the fight against global warming. Despite doubts from others, German carpenter Rainer Brumshagen believed the project could be successful within the short time frame. The positive energy brought by people from various countries working together feels great here, despite the distant political conflicts. On the idyllic slopes of Mount Ararat, shepherds graze their sheep and activists involved in the Greenpeace project gather in brightly colored tents. One of Brumshagen's carpenter colleagues expressed doubt about the model Ark's ability to float. | 2 |
He introduced himself as a Syrian refugee in broken English, explaining that he had walked across half the continent and lost his documents. He was photographed and fingerprinted by officers, and would later receive shelter, an asylum hearing, and monthly benefits over the next year. He identified himself as David Benjamin. He was actually a lieutenant in the German army, but prosecutors claim he disguised himself as a refugee in a far-right plot to carry out assassinations and cause civil unrest in Germany. The officer, Franco A, denies these allegations. He claims he was attempting to reveal weaknesses in the asylum system. However, his complex dual identity, spanning 16 months, was exposed when police apprehended him trying to retrieve a concealed loaded handgun in an airport bathroom in Vienna. Aydan Ozoguz, a lawmaker who was in charge of refugees and integration at the time, described it as a "shocking moment." She stated that while the asylum system should detect fraudsters, the bigger concern is how someone like Franco A could serve as a soldier in Germany. The arrest of Franco A in April 2017 shocked Germany. Ever since then, his case has largely faded from public attention, but that is expected to change when he goes to trial early next year. When the trial begins, Germany will also be under scrutiny for its oversight that allowed a German officer, who couldn't speak Arabic, to pose as a refugee for an extended period. This incident highlights the country's historical lack of action against far-right extremism. The investigation into Franco A's case revealed a complex web of extremist networks within Germany's security services, a threat that authorities only recently realized was more widespread than they had previously thought. A meeting of Uniter, a private network that organises tactical defence training workshops, in Paderborn, Germany, March 8, 2020. The New York Times reported on two groups in Germany, one led by a former soldier and police sniper who stockpiled weapons and maintained enemy lists, while the other was led by a special-forces soldier known as Hannibal and brought attention to Germany's elite force, the KSK. Following the discovery of explosives and SS memorabilia on the property of a sergeant major, an entire KSK unit was disbanded. The article includes interviews with members of these networks, including Franco A., and explores his transformation from a promising officer to a suspected terrorist, reflecting the story of modern Germany. One nation was created from its loss in World War II and raised by a liberal agreement that dismissed nationalism and taught its people to feel remorse. This Germany is evolving into a more uncertain country as its past wartime experiences fade and an inactive far-right movement begins to oppose a society that is becoming more diverse. The postwar consensus in Germany is now uncertain. When I initially encountered Franco A over a year ago at a restaurant in Berlin, he brought along various documents, including notes and excerpts from his police file. At that time, he appeared self-assured. A terrorism case against him was dismissed by a Frankfurt court due to insufficient evidence, but the Supreme Court reinstated the case after prosecutors appealed. Franco A, feeling shaken, contacted me on my cellphone. If found guilty, he could be sentenced to as much as 10 years in prison. Even though he was awaiting trial, he agreed to a series of exclusive recorded interviews and welcomed me and two New York Times audio producers to his childhood home, where he still resides, to talk about his life, beliefs, and aspects of his case. I visited multiple times over the following year, most recently the week before Christmas. At times, he would show us videos of himself in refugee disguise. On one occasion, he guided us down a creaky stairwell, through a secure metal door, into his "prepper" cellar, where he had hidden ammunition and a copy of Hitler's "Mein Kampf" before they were seized by the authorities. Franco A denies any involvement in a terrorist plot. He claims that he pretended to be a refugee in order to expose Chancellor Angela Merkel's decision to allow over 1 million refugees into Germany, which he viewed as a danger to the country's security and identity. He believed that the system was unable to handle the influx of refugees, allowing anyone to enter. He maintained that he was defending the Constitution, not harming it. He asserted that he never intended to carry out any violent actions, and he did not. He questioned why he would not have done so if he had wanted to. The accusations against Franco A. outlined in the Supreme Court decision include the discovery of a loaded gun hidden at the Vienna airport, an illegal assault rifle, a visit to the parking garage of a presumed target, as well as numerous voice memos and diaries used as evidence in his prosecution. Transcripts from police reports and evidence files reveal his admiration for Hitler, skepticism towards Germany's Holocaust atonement, belief in global Jewish conspiracies, arguments against immigration impacting Germany's ethnic purity, admiration for President Vladimir Putin, and advocacy for destroying the state. Military uniforms were found in Franco A's "prepper" basement in Offenbach, Germany on July 9, 2020, reflecting his private thoughts that he believes cannot be prosecuted. While some of his extreme views may be shared by neo-Nazis and far-right circles, his concerns about immigration and national identity are becoming more common in Germany, Europe, and the United States. In his generation, which grew up in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, during the resulting wars and a time of global economic crisis, skepticism of government, far-right messaging, and the embrace of conspiracy theories have not only infiltrated parts of the security services, but have also become more mainstream. Thomas Haldenwang, the president of the domestic intelligence agency in Germany, noted in an interview that far-right extremist views have become increasingly prevalent in society, including in Parliament where the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) is the leading opposition party. Haldenwang's agency is considering placing the entire AfD party under observation due to concerns about its potential danger, despite the party's claims of being defenders of the Constitution. This is the ongoing struggle for democracy in Germany. During my interviews with Franco A., high-ranking defense officials have shifted from casually responding to my questions about extremist groups to expressing serious concern publicly. In March 2019, I inquired about the number of far-right extremists in the military to a defense ministry official who initially stated there were only four, which was surprising. The man said there were four extremist networks. German authorities had previously ignored the issue, but this changed this year. Franco A. was promoted by his superiors despite expressing extreme views in his thesis. He joined extremist networks with many other soldiers and police officers. He spoke at a far-right event that was known to security services, but it was a janitor at the Vienna airport who discovered a hidden gun in a maintenance shaft in a disabled restroom. The gun was black, compact, and loaded with six bullets, and Austrian officers were surprised by its unique make - a 7.65-caliber Unique 17 manufactured by a now-defunct French gunmaker between 1928 and 1944. It was discovered that the pistol was preferred by German officers during the Nazi occupation of France. In order to discover who had concealed it, the police set up an electronic trap. Two weeks later, on Feb 3, 2017, they caught Franco A. in the act of trying to open the wall shaft with a tube of hair gel. A dozen police officers quickly surrounded him with guns drawn, and two officers in plain clothes entered the restroom to question him. “I admitted to hiding a weapon here,” Franco A. remembered saying. He explained that he had returned to retrieve it and bring it to the police. “I believe someone began laughing,” he added. The account he provided to Austrian authorities during questioning that evening was so unrealistic that he was hesitant to share it with me when we spoke. However, eventually he did recount the story. A photo of Franco A. was taken at a ceremony at the Saint-Cyr military academy in France and at his home in Offenbach, Germany on July 9, 2020. This incident was reported by The New York Times. He concealed it to prevent missing his flight and later chose to return it to the police. Franco A. was photographed at a ceremony at the Saint-Cyr military academy in France, and at his home in Offenbach, Germany on July 9, 2020. "I feel silly admitting this," he said. "I know nobody believes me." Franco A. was released that evening. However, the officers confiscated his phone and a USB stick discovered in his backpack. They proceeded to take his fingerprints and sent them to German authorities for confirmation. When the results returned weeks later, the officers were surprised to discover that Franco had two identities. According to his ID, he was a German officer stationed with the Franco-German brigade in Illkirch, close to Strasbourg. However, his fingerprints were found to belong to a migrant who was registered near Munich, causing alarm among investigators. They began to question whether Franco A. had hidden the gun with intention to carry out an attack in the future. Franco A. was apprehended on the night of the yearly fraternity ball, organized by Austria's far-right Freedom Party, known for drawing militant counterdemonstrators. One speculation was that Franco A. had intended to shoot someone that night while posing as a leftist. When German authorities took over the investigation, they discovered two documents on his UBS stick: the "Mujahedeen Explosives Handbook" and "Total Resistance," a guide for urban guerrilla warfare from the Cold War era. Through his cellphone, they uncovered a vast network of far-right Telegram chat groups consisting of soldiers, police officers, and others preparing for what they referred to as Day X, the collapse of social order. Additionally, his phone contained numerous audio recordings of his thoughts over several years. On April 26, 2017, during a military training exercise in a Bavarian forest, Franco A. was arrested by ten federal police officers. Ninety additional individuals were carrying out raids in Germany, Austria, and France at the same time. During these raids, law enforcement officials uncovered over 1,000 rounds of ammunition, numerous handwritten notes, and a diary. As they delved into the writings, they uncovered a man who had held radical beliefs since his teenage years. In interviews with Franco A., he delved even further into his past, discussing his childhood and a family history that closely mirrors Germany's own. Echoes of History Franco A was around 12 or 13 years old when he purchased his first German flag, a small tabletop banner he found in a souvenir shop during a family vacation in Bavaria. This act, which would be considered harmless in other countries, was seen as a rebellious gesture in postwar Germany where national pride was frowned upon due to the country's Nazi history. Franco A expressed his deep connection to Germany as he displayed photos of his childhood bedroom with the flag prominently featured in the foreground. Growing up in his working-class neighborhood, he didn't see many German flags because of the influx of guest workers from southern Europe and Turkey who helped rebuild postwar Germany and changed its society. Franco A's mother, who lives above him, remembers only a few children with migrant backgrounds in her class in the 1960s. When Franco A attended school, children with two German parents were the minority. His father, an Italian guest worker, left the family when he was young, and Franco A refers to him as his "producer" rather than his father. In an audio recording from January 2016, Franco A discussed the guest worker program as a deliberate attempt to weaken German ethnicity. He mentioned that he himself considered himself a result of this racial animosity. He shared that his grandfather was born in 1919, the year the Treaty of Versailles was signed, marking Germany's defeat in World War I. This treaty led to the spread of the "stab in the back" myth, suggesting that Germany was betrayed by leftists and Jews in power despite winning the war. This propaganda contributed to the growth of anti-democratic groups within the military, which amassed weapons, planned coups, and eventually supported the rise of Nazism - similar to the accusations made against Franco A today. He mentioned that his grandparents frequently looked after him, giving him soup and sharing stories about their experiences during the war. His grandfather would entertain him with tales of his time in the Hitler youth, and the police had taken a copy of "Mein Kampf" that belonged to him. His grandmother, who was 20 years old at the time, had to flee with her sister from the Red Army in Poland. She recounted to the boy how their wooden cart had broken down, leading them to seek shelter in a field near Dresden. That evening, she recounted how the sisters witnessed the destruction of the city in a heavy bombardment that claimed the lives of up to 25,000 civilians, a tragic event that has since been appropriated as a symbol of resentment by the extreme right. In later years, Franco A recorded himself role-playing a hypothetical conversation in which he raised the issue of the Dresden bombing and questioned whether Jews could expect Germans to carry a perpetual sense of guilt. His educators encouraged him to challenge authority and form his own opinions. Coming of age during the 1968 student movement, they aimed to pass on the liberal values that emerged from it, such as skepticism towards nationalism and a commitment to acknowledging the country's past wrongs. None of the teachers I interviewed noticed any early signs of extremism in him, remembering instead his independent and curious nature. They were unaware that at that point in time, he had become immersed in a vast online realm of conspiracy theories that would have a lasting impact on him. These beliefs started to form in his teenage diary, which he described as a place where he was exploring ideas rather than expressing a firm ideology or purpose. He wrote about contemplating ways to alter the trajectory of German history, such as becoming a soldier and rising to a prominent position in the military to eventually become the leader of the German armed forces. In 2008, during the financial crisis following Lehman Brothers' collapse, Franco A joined the military at the age of 19. He was chosen as one of the few German officer cadets to attend the esteemed Saint-Cyr military academy in France, which was established by Napoleon in 1802. Franco A spent five years studying abroad, including time at Sciences Po in Paris, King's College London, Sandhurst (a top British officer training school), and the University of Cambridge. In 2013, he wrote a master's thesis titled "Political Change and Strategy of Subversion," where he argued that immigration and the mixing of races by subversive minorities had historically led to the downfall of great civilizations. He warned that Europe and the West were at risk if they did not protect themselves. He wrote that ethnically diverse societies were unstable and allowing migration was a form of "genocide." He suggested that the Old Testament was the basis for all subversion, allowing Jews to gain global dominance, which he called potentially the biggest conspiracy in history. The French commander of the military academy was shocked by these views and reported them to Franco A's German superiors. The commander stated that if a French participant had expressed similar views, they would be removed from the course. The German military hired historian Jörg Echternkamp to evaluate the thesis, which he deemed as a "radical nationalist, racist appeal" combined with insecurity due to globalization, making it socially dangerous. Despite this assessment, Franco A was not removed from service or reported to Germany's military counterintelligence agency, responsible for monitoring extremism in the armed forces. Instead, he was called to a German military branch office in Fontainebleau, near Paris, where an officer from the internal disciplinary unit informed him that his thesis did not align with Germany's values. Franco A explained that as the second best student in his year, he felt pressured to produce something exceptional and lost himself in his thoughts. The senior officer, after three hours of questioning, believed Franco A had become too caught up in his intellectual abilities. He was reprimanded and asked to submit a new thesis. Upon returning to Germany in 2014, Franco A was described as a exemplary soldier by his superior in Dresden. In November 2015, he received a positive review for his work with ammunition. Is he preparing for action? Displayed prominently on Franco A's bookshelf is a book called "The Magic Eye," which contains colorful images that, when stared at for a long time, reveal entirely different images. Franco A himself is described in a similar way. In interviews, he presents himself as a peace-loving critical thinker who has been unfairly targeted in a political environment that does not tolerate dissent. However, records and interviews with investigators and others who know him paint a different picture. Upon returning from France, Franco A. began associating with soldiers who shared his beliefs. It ended up being easy to locate them. A colleague and friend connected him with a nationwide online chat group consisting of many soldiers and police officers worried about immigration. The officer who established the network was part of Germany's elite special forces, the KSK, located in Calw, and went by the alias Hannibal. Hannibal also headed an organization called Uniter, providing paramilitary instruction. This group is now being monitored by the domestic intelligence agency. Franco A participated in at least two Uniter meetings and had badges belonging to the group. Police interviews indicated that he was considered intelligent by his peers at the KSK base, with several soldiers knowing him. Some of the chat members were "preppers" who were preparing for what they thought would be the downfall of Germany's social structure. According to prosecutors, Franco A started to gather food rations and supplies in a "prepper" cellar, as well as obtaining guns and ammunition illegally. This occurred during a time when Russia had invaded Ukraine, there was an increase in Islamist terrorism in Europe, and Angela Merkel had welcomed many Muslim asylum-seekers from conflict-ridden countries like Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan. The feeling of actual war or civil disorder looming in Germany seemed tangible to Franco A, leading him to consider violence, according to prosecutors. He believed that the authorities' battle against terrorism was actually a battle against the people, as stated in the indictment. In order to reveal the truth, he believed it needed to be presented in a convincing manner. To achieve this, he believed a significant event, or trigger, was necessary, prompting him to begin searching for potential triggers or targets, according to prosecutors. He refutes the claim, however, just before starting his first assignment in the Franco-German brigade near Strasbourg in 2015, he pretended to be a refugee. While waiting for his first interview as David Benjamin at the police station, Franco A considered whether to claim Damascus or Aleppo as his birthplace. Eventually, he fabricated an extensive family background. After completing his military training in France, he became fluent in French. During interviews, he identified himself as a Syrian Christian with French heritage. He mentioned attending a French high school and working as a fruit farmer in Tel al-Hassel, a village near Aleppo. Despite trying to be well-prepared, he found it unnecessary in the end. German authorities did not question his background during that chaotic time. Shortly after going to the police station, he applied for asylum and was taken to various temporary shelters. He was eventually placed in a small residence in Baustarring, a Bavarian hamlet located 250 miles west of his army base. Franco A recorded numerous videos of the shelters using his cellphone camera, expressing doubt about the level of neediness of the asylum-seekers. He noted that many of the Syrians had fled from previously middle-class lives in cities that had been destroyed by conflict, and he remarked that they appeared to be "more like tourists" than refugees. He explained his choice of opting for a subpar telephone instead of a high-quality one, stating that he did not want to draw attention to himself. However, this decision resulted in him ending up with the worst option. He criticized the system for being too lenient and forgiving, noting that despite rejecting job offers, he still received his monthly stipend. He only visited the shelter occasionally and missed two consecutive appointments. According to Franco A, Merkel's government had played a role in causing a humanitarian crisis by participating in conflicts in the Middle East. It felt as though he was witnessing a real-life example of the case study outlined in his former mentor's discredited thesis. During his asylum hearing, the Moroccan interpreter expressed uncertainty about his Arabic language skills, but hesitated to question him due to his Jewish-sounding name, fearing she might be perceived as anti-Semitic as a Muslim. Franco A was given "subsidiary protection," enabling asylum-seekers without identity papers to remain and work in Germany. During this time, he became more prominent in far-right circles. Franco A mentioned participating in debates at bars and being asked to speak at events. He recalled speaking at the "Prussian Evening" on Dec 15, 2016, held at Hotel Regent in Munich and organized by a publisher with ties to Holocaust denial. His discussion that evening was about "German conservatives - a minority in their own country." His voice recordings became more urgent throughout the year. In a recording from January 2016, just three weeks after becoming a refugee, he mentioned that those who spoke out against the government were often killed. He also expressed a willingness to kill if necessary, stating, "Let's not hesitate, not to murder but to kill." He also mentioned a fear of being murdered himself, declaring, "I know you will murder me. I will murder you first." Prosecutors claim that Franco A, who had been leading a double life for almost seven months, went to Berlin in the summer of 2016 and may have been a potential target. He went to a private underground parking garage near the Jewish quarter to take photos of car license plates, as investigators later found on his cellphone. The garage was located in a building that housed the offices of the Amadeu Antonio Foundation, an organization founded by Jewish activist Anetta Kahane, who has been a target of far-right hatred for many years. Prosecutors believe that Kahane, 66, was one of several prominent targets identified by Franco A. for their pro-refugee positions, based on notes they confiscated. Other individuals mentioned in the notes were Foreign Minister Heiko Maas, who was previously the justice minister, and Claudia Roth, a Green lawmaker who held the position of Parliament's vice president at the time. Kahane's name was mentioned multiple times in the notes, including at the end of a list of ordinary items and a reminder to contact the bank where his refugee alter ego had an account. Franco A presented the notes to me, describing them as a regular to-do list. One page included details about Kahane's background, age, and work address. He sketched a detailed map of where her parking garage was located, along with a note saying they were in a situation where they couldn't act as they wished. Before and after the trip to Berlin, Franco allegedly purchased equipment for a handgun and was seen at a shooting range with an assault rifle. He also visited Paris, where he met with a Russian think tank leader and is suspected of buying a French handgun found in Vienna. Prosecutors claim there is sufficient evidence to suggest that Franco was planning a murder, although he denies all allegations. He stated that the prosecutors' claims do not indicate any intention to harm Kahane. During a six-hour interview one evening, he mentioned having pictures on his phone but argued that this did not prove his presence. Despite initially refusing to discuss the matter due to his impending trial, he eventually spoke hypothetically about the situation. Franco A explained that if he had gone, it would have been for a conversation. He added that he would have rang the bell only to discover that Kahane was not present. He could have then proceeded to the parking garage with the intention of gathering information about the car. He mentioned that by some stroke of luck, he might have come across the person he was looking for. He denied any plans of killing Kahane, stating that it would only have been the preparation for an assassination at worst, not an act of terrorism. He questioned how this could pose a threat to the state, considering that the person in question was not a politician. Kahane was visited to inquire about her opinion on the matter. The day we first met, she had just received another neo-Nazi threat in her email. Threats like these were common for her. The message threatened to harm her with a swastika and a sharp ax, then leave her to die in a side street after cutting her spine. However, she found the lack of awareness from German authorities to be even scarier than the threats. She remembered the day the police informed her that they had arrested a neo-Nazi soldier who intended to kill her. The conversation was about Franco A. and two of his companions. She jokingly asked if they had caught all three of them. She mentioned that people often underestimate the number of Nazis involved. The German Constitution includes Article 20.4, which permits resistance in cases where democracy is threatened, inspired by Hitler's 1933 actions. It is well-liked by far-right extremists who criticize Merkel's government as unconstitutional. The Constitution holds a prominent position in Franco A's personal library, and he frequently references it. Just before Christmas, I visited him again, and he was unhappy that I had copies of his voice memos. I questioned him about certain statements he made, such as calling Hitler "above everything." He explained that he meant it ironically and played me the recording to prove it. The conversation had a casual and playful tone, with both voices laughing. However, the intention behind the remarks was not immediately clear. I also inquired about a different recording from January 2016. Franco A. claimed that anyone who helps to dismantle the government is doing a positive thing, stating that laws held no weight. This contradiction raised questions about his commitment to defending the Constitution. After a moment of silence, Franco A. reviewed his own words. He flipped through the notes belonging to his attorney, but he could not find a response. This content is from around 2020 and is copyrighted by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
President of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, arrived in Dhaka on Friday to participate in a symposium focusing on "Climate Change and Food Security in South Asia." He landed at Zia International Airport at 8:15pm and was welcomed by President Iajuddin Ahmed. President Grímsson is scheduled to attend the closing ceremony of the symposium at Hotel Sonargaon on Saturday. The six-day international symposium, which began on Monday, was jointly organized by the University of Dhaka and the Ohio State University of the USA in collaboration with the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP). The president of Iceland was scheduled to arrive in Dhaka on Tuesday, but his trip was postponed. | 2 |
The discovery was extremely surprising due to its widespread nature. Reporters from even small countries like Guinea-Bissau had been asked to make deals with Chinese journalists. China was providing its propaganda newspaper China Daily in English and Serbian. A journalist from the Philippines believed that over 50% of the articles on a Filipino news service originated from the Chinese state agency Xinhua. A media organization in Kenya received funding from Chinese investors and subsequently dismissed a writer who had covered China's mistreatment of the Uyghur minority. Journalists in Peru received harsh criticism on social media from aggressive Chinese government officials. This phenomenon, which initially appeared as isolated incidents in each country, was actually part of a larger strategy aimed at challenging the dominance of global news media outlets such as the BBC and CNN. The goal was to introduce Chinese influence, money, and perspective into media outlets worldwide. However, this raised the question of China's intentions with this newfound power. The International Federation of Journalists, a union based in Brussels with a broad perspective on global media, is set to release a report on the matter. Louisa Lim, the author of the first report, conducted research in 54 countries to gather insights from journalists. According to Lim, a former NPR bureau chief in Beijing who is now a senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne, the interviews demonstrate how China utilized its global media infrastructure to promote positive narratives about the country during the pandemic. The report, co-written by Julia Bergin and Johan Lidberg, highlights China's media strategy as a part of a continuing global power shift, rather than a secret plot. Chinese officials argue that their actions are not unique, as other powerful global players have engaged in similar tactics for over a century. The report also notes that China's media push coincided with its diplomatic efforts during the pandemic, providing aid and vaccines to countries worldwide while carefully managing its public image. Italian journalists were pressured to broadcast President Xi Jinping's Christmas speech and were given an Italian translation. In Tunisia, the Chinese embassy provided hand sanitizer and masks to the journalists' union, as well as expensive television equipment and free, pro-China content to the state broadcaster. In Serbia, a pro-government tabloid sponsored a billboard thanking Xi Jinping. The media and vaccine campaigns are linked to China's "Belt and Road" initiative, where support comes with conditions such as debt and support in UN votes. China faces challenges due to its authoritarianism, treatment of Uyghurs, and crackdown on dissent in Hong Kong, which have negatively impacted global perceptions of the country even before the pandemic. And some governments have started to make it more difficult for Chinese state media to operate in their countries, such as Britain's media regulator revoking the license of the main Chinese state broadcaster. China's diplomatic efforts are primarily focused on countries that have a vote at the UN, rather than those with cultural or financial power like European countries. Despite appearing to be ad-hoc and managed locally, China's actions are influencing the global media landscape. According to Lim, Beijing is gradually reshaping the media landscape worldwide. In conversations with journalists from five continents, ranging from concern over Chinese government pressure to confidence in handling them as just another interest group in a complicated media environment. Zuliana Lainez, the secretary-general of the National Association of Journalists of Peru, pointed out the frequent presence of China in state media in Peru, where the government is friendly to China and powerful political figures received early access to a Chinese-made vaccine. She described the Peruvian state news agency and the state-controlled newspaper El Peruano as being like mouthpieces for the Chinese embassy, noting that China's embassy has also invested in modernising some newsrooms' technology. Lainez expressed concern about these actions not being free and needing to be monitored closely. On the other hand, Stefano Polli, the deputy director of the Italian news service ANSA, sees China's increased use of media as a way to gain more influence in the global geopolitical balance. He defended his service's contract to translate and distribute Xinhua, despite criticism from international journalists, as a normal commercial agreement. China has tightened restrictions on foreign journalists in the country, leading international news outlets to rely more on official sources and preventing American reporters, including most of the New York Times bureau, from obtaining visas. Luca Rigoni, a well-known anchor at an Italian TV channel owned by Mediaset, revealed that his news organization had a formal agreement with Chinese state media for reporting in China, but this collaboration ceased after he covered the theory that the virus originated from a Chinese lab. Rigoni, whose company is owned by former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, remarked that he believes China's control over media is not unique, as there are other countries where government or parliamentary entities oversee main TV and radio programs. Anthony Bellanger, the general secretary of the International Federation of Journalists, expressed in an email that China is becoming a significant player in the information war, but it is crucial to push back against similar pressures from the US, Russia, and other governments worldwide. However, recent reports suggest that Beijing is currently more dedicated to this campaign, as they are investing millions of dollars annually to spread their messages globally. While the US was a pioneer in influence tactics during the Cold War, their official channels have diminished over time. President Donald Trump has attempted to transform American outlets like Voice of America and Radio Liberty into more direct propaganda tools, leading to pushback from Democrats and journalists. The American government's inability to reach a consensus on how to utilize its own media outlets has hindered its ability to effectively communicate with the public. Companies like Netflix and Disney, with their significant cultural power and resources, have taken on this role instead. Journalists globally have expressed doubt about the effectiveness of Chinese government propaganda, a sentiment I also felt when I received a week's worth of unread editions of China Daily. The type of propaganda that may work within China struggles to compete in the competitive market for people's attention. According to Eric Oduor, the secretary-general of the Kenya Union of Journalists, China's attempts to promote its content in Kenyan media have not yet had a significant impact. Some argue that what journalists consider amateurish or obvious propaganda still has an effect. Erin Baggott Carter, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Southern California, discovered in her research that American news organizations that allowed their journalists to go on official trips to China shifted their focus from covering military competition to covering economic cooperation. In conversations with journalists worldwide about Chinese influence, I also noticed their lack of discussion about the United States. In the US, discussions about Chinese influence often revolve around a perceived global power struggle between two major nations and systems of government. However, journalists from countries such as Indonesia, Peru, and Kenya described a more one-sided scenario: a deliberate Chinese campaign to build influence and promote China's narrative. Lim stated, "Americans tend to be inward-looking and always assume everything revolves around the US." Many Americans and people in the Western world frequently overlook events in languages other than English, assuming that Western values are universally applicable. | 2 |
The Tigrayans, who have been in conflict with the government for the past year, have teamed up with another rebel group as they move towards the capital, Addis Ababa. According to foreign officials observing the conflict, there are indications that several units of the Ethiopian army have either collapsed or retreated. The declaration of a state of emergency reflects the rapidly changing situation in a spreading war that poses a threat to Ethiopia, the second most populous country in Africa. This development also represents a setback for Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate whose global standing has been damaged by a war that has resulted in reports of human rights abuses, massacres, and famine. A year ago, on November 4, Abiy initiated a military operation in the Tigray region in an attempt to defeat the Tigray People's Liberation Front, his most challenging political opponent. However, despite initially pledging a quick and peaceful military operation, Abiy found himself embroiled in a complex and bloody conflict. The Ethiopian military faced a significant setback in June as they were defeated and forced to retreat from Tigray, with many soldiers being captured. Currently, the fighting is escalating towards Abiy, with Tigrayan rebels seizing control of Dessie and Kombolcha, located just 160 miles northeast of the capital. According to a United Nations official, Tigrayan forces were observed advancing further south from Kombolcha on Tuesday. During the state of emergency, Abiy has extensive authority to apprehend and incarcerate dissenters, enforce curfews, and limit the freedom of the press. Justice Minister Gedion Timothewos stated at a press briefing that any citizen over 18 may be summoned to participate in the conflict. He also mentioned that individuals in possession of weapons will be required to surrender them to the government. The government announced that the state of emergency will be in effect for six months. Prior to this announcement, the city administration in Addis Ababa had urged residents to utilize their weapons to protect their communities. The statement mentioned that house-to-house searches were being carried out to look for Tigrayan sympathizers. These announcements contributed to a growing feeling of unease in the city, where tensions had been escalating due to reports of Tigrayan military progress. A taxi driver named Dereje, who was hesitant to share his full name in the city's tense atmosphere, expressed his determination to join the fight. He stated that he would not stay at home and face the enemy, but would instead fight for his children and country. However, a teacher who chose not to disclose his identity mentioned that he had lost trust in the Ethiopian government. "They deceived us by claiming that the TPLF had been defeated," he said, referring to the Tigray People's Liberation Front. "I am extremely concerned about what will happen. I hope God helps us." President Joe Biden, who has threatened to impose sanctions on Ethiopia if it does not move towards peace talks, announced on Tuesday that he would revoke Ethiopia's trade privileges, including duty-free access to the United States, due to "serious violations of internationally recognized human rights." In a separate briefing, Jeffrey Feltman, the Biden administration's envoy to the Horn of Africa, warned that the escalating conflict could have "devastating consequences" for Ethiopia's unity and its relationship with the United States. After the regional capital fell to the Tigray Defence Forces on June 25, 2021, defeated Ethiopian soldiers were paraded through Mekelle. Billene Seyoum, a spokesperson for Abiy, did not respond to a request for comment." Ethiopian soldiers who were defeated are being paraded through Mekelle after the Tigray Defence Forces took over the regional capital on June 25, 2021. The decision to revoke trade privileges by Ethiopia’s Ministry of Trade and Regional Integration is expected to have a negative impact on the country’s economy, particularly on women and children. Ethiopia has expressed its commitment to holding accountable those responsible for serious human rights abuses. The escalating situation in Ethiopia has raised concerns in the region, with fears that the conflict could spill over into neighboring countries like Kenya or result in a influx of refugees. Prime Minister Abiy, who was once highly regarded in the West after winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019, has faced mounting criticism over the past year as the war in Tigray escalated and former allies have turned against him. Criticism has focused on Ethiopia's severe blockade of Tigray, which has led to a shortage of food and medicine in a region where millions are in urgent need of assistance and hundreds of thousands are facing famine-like conditions, according to the United Nations. After the United States threatened sanctions against Abiy's government in September, he accused the West of displaying neocolonial bias and expelled seven senior UN officials, including a humanitarian aid coordinator in Tigray. Last month, the Ethiopian military launched an offensive against Tigrayan forces that extended to include airstrikes on the region's besieged capital, Mekelle. Recently, Abiy has attributed his losses to unidentified foreigners who he claims are fighting alongside the Tigrayans. He stated, "Black and white nationals of non-Ethiopian descent have been involved in the war." In Addis Ababa, security forces have initiated a new crackdown on ethnic Tigrayans, raising concerns of ethnically motivated reprisals in the capital as the rebels approach. International efforts to bring the opposing sides to the negotiating table have been ineffective. Despite mounting evidence that his army is struggling, Abiy has continued with military operations. The Tigrayans claim they are fighting to break a siege that is harming their region and causing starvation. Gen Tsadkan Gebretensae, the rebels' top strategist, criticized Western pressure on Abiy as insufficient. Human rights groups have accused Tigrayan fighters of abuses, including killing Eritrean refugees, although not to the same extent as Ethiopian troops. The Ethiopian government has accused Tigrayan fighters of killing residents in Kombolcha recently, but without providing any evidence. Since July, the Tigrayan fighters have been advancing south into the Amhara region in a prolonged battle that has largely gone unseen due to internet blackouts and reporting restrictions. A significant development occurred over the weekend with the capture of Dessie and Kombolcha, key towns along a crucial highway in the conflict that could shape the future of Ethiopia. In their push south, the Tigrayans have joined forces with the Oromo Liberation Army, a smaller rebel group advocating for the rights of the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group. After years of fighting in rural areas, the OLA seems to be making inroads into urban centers in Ethiopia. Odaa Tarbii, a spokesperson for the OLA, announced on Tuesday that they had taken control of a town located 120 miles to the north of Addis Ababa. They anticipated moving south in coordination with the Tigrayans within the next two to three days. Throughout much of the conflict, Abiy received strong support from Eritrea, whose forces were involved in the early stages of the war in late 2020 and were accused of committing serious atrocities against civilians. However, in recent weeks, Eritrean forces have been noticeably absent from the ongoing fighting for reasons that remain unclear, according to Tigrayan and Western officials. Getachew Reda, a spokesperson for the Tigray People's Liberation Front, stated that the Ethiopian military was disintegrating as it retreated south, leaving behind armed ethnic militias. He claimed that the military's command and control structure had collapsed, a view that was supported by two Western officials who requested anonymity due to diplomatic concerns. If the Tigrayans persist in advancing southward, officials stated that Abiy will probably experience significant pressure from within his own political circle, as well as on the battlefield. © 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Images circulating on social media depict cars being carried away by floodwaters, buildings and businesses inundated with mud, and massive boulders littering roads as a result of mudslides. Governor Ramon Guevara of Merida reported that 11 individuals lost their lives in Tovar, while two children perished in Antonio Pinto Salinas. Guevara expressed his sorrow over the tragic situation in a video posted on Twitter, stating that power outages occurred due to water reaching transformers. The affected area is crucial for agriculture, supplying food to various regions of the country. | 2 |
The increase in Russian troops along the border of Ukraine, which is a crucial route for Russian gas to the West, has raised concerns about a potential gas shortage. The low levels of gas from Russia, Europe's primary source of fuel imports, have contributed to recent price increases. Henning Gloystein, a director at Eurasia Group, warned of potential supply shortages that could harm economic growth and lead to public unrest. He also mentioned the possibility of blackouts in a worst-case scenario. Gloystein suggested that governments may need to enforce restrictions on gas usage by factories to ensure that households have enough gas for heating. Gas prices on the TTF trading hub in the Netherlands reached record highs on Tuesday, amid reports of a redirection of Russian gas flows towards the East. European gas prices have doubled this month and are around 15 times higher than gas prices in the United States. Gloystein suggested that this increase may be due to opportunistic trading rather than malicious intent by Moscow. However, it is clear that natural gas markets in Europe are highly sensitive and tensions between Russia and the West regarding Ukraine are preventing the opening of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. Karen Donfried, assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian affairs, stated that the United States views Nord Stream 2 as a Russian project that threatens energy and national security in Europe. The US is collaborating with the new German government to enhance energy security in Europe. Energy companies are redirecting liquefied natural gas shipments from Asia to Europe to take advantage of high prices, but this may not be enough to replace Russian gas or alleviate the shortage. Laura Page, an analyst at Kpler, a research firm, stated that despite the knowledge of increased LNG supply in the market, it has not affected sentiment. Gas, a crucial fuel for electricity generation, has led to surging electric power prices in Europe. For example, in Britain, stable power was trading at approximately 340 pounds (around $450) per megawatt-hour on Tuesday on the Epex Spot exchange, three times higher than the average price of electricity throughout the year. The recent high gas prices are expected to result in increased energy costs for households in Britain and other nations. Martin Young, an analyst at Investec, a securities firm, recently predicted in a note to clients that British consumers, who have been shielded by price caps, may experience an increase of over 50% in their energy bills when adjustments are made early next year. The closure of three French nuclear plants for inspections has also contributed to the rise in the power market. Mark Devine, a trader at Sembcorp, an energy company, described the high prices as the new normal for this winter. | 2 |
Daschle was taken aback by the reversal of protocol, finding it gracious. Despite being new in his position, Daschle was touched that Dole insisted on coming to his office instead of the other way around. Dole's reply, showcasing his wit and directness, exemplified his personality. This anecdote serves as a reminder of Dole's straightforward approach and values from his upbringing in Kansas. Throughout the next 35 years, spanning his time in the House, Senate, and multiple unsuccessful presidential campaigns, he thrived in Washington as a skilled negotiator. While it may be cliché to look back and idealize a past era of bipartisan camaraderie in the nation's capital, there is truth to the fact that during Dole's tenure, there was a different political climate. Despite some intense partisanship, Dole made a significant impact by working across party lines to pass several bipartisan laws, including the Social Security rescue bill, Americans with Disabilities Act, and welfare system overhaul. One of his proudest achievements was collaborating with liberal Democrat George McGovern to reform the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, commonly known as food stamps. They continued collaborating on nutrition issues even after leaving the Senate. Senator Patrick Leahy, a friend of Dole, emphasized the importance of working together and keeping promises. He mentioned the strong bond between George Mitchell and Dole, noting how they regularly visited each other's offices. Leahy highlighted how both senators never surprised each other and had dedicated phone lines for direct communication. This level of partnership is rare in today's political landscape. The button proved to be useful in November 1994, when the Republicans regained the majority. Mitchell, who had not run for reelection, requested that Dole be informed of his visit to congratulate him. Dole responded quickly, insisting that Mitchell not come to his office and that he would instead visit Mitchell's office, a gesture that was seen as considerate by Mitchell and his team. According to presidential historian Robert Dallek, Dole was skilled at working across party lines, a concept that was more popular in his time. Dallek also pointed out that Dole was not without a strong political stance. Newt Gingrich, the former Republican speaker of the House known for his role in creating Washington's era of partisan conflict, revealed that he collaborated closely with Dole to pass tax cuts and block President Bill Clinton's universal health care plan. In a recent interview, Gingrich drew comparisons between Dole and current Republican leader Sen. Mitch McConnell, both skilled tacticians with a knack for achieving their goals. Despite their effective partnership, Dole did not fully support Gingrich's confrontational approach. When Gingrich and House Republicans refused to pass federal spending bills, causing the government to shut down in 1995, Dole spoke on the Senate floor expressing his frustration. He stated that it was time to put an end to the situation, as he found it to be ridiculous. In Washington, Dole and his wife, Elizabeth Dole, were viewed as a powerful couple, representing the city's institutions. Dole became a symbol of World War II and the Greatest Generation, embodying an era of dignity and honor. He played a significant role in the creation of the World War II Memorial on the National Mall and frequently greeted veterans there. Dallek, the historian, described Dole as a representation of American values, coming from the heartland and embodying shared values. In 1996, Dole left the Senate after serving for over twenty-five years to run for president amidst a changing political landscape in Washington. Gingrich was influential, and Clinton faced impeachment for his affair with Monica Lewinsky, adding to the growing partisan tensions. When Dole, the Senate's longest-serving Republican leader, announced his departure, the traditional practices of the Capitol were still observed. Leahy recalled that almost every Democratic senator was present on the floor that day. Despite Dole's decision to run against Bill Clinton, all senators stood and applauded after his speech. | 2 |
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton reassured Ukraine that the possibility of joining NATO was still available, despite the country's new leadership no longer prioritizing alliance membership. Clinton also emphasized that the United States supported Ukraine's closer relations with Moscow and criticized those who tried to force Ukraine to choose between Russia and the West. She encouraged President Viktor Yanukovich to continue on a democratic path and expressed concerns about reports of media freedoms being restricted. Clinton urged the Ukrainian government to protect these essential freedoms during a joint news conference with Yanukovich. She supported Ukraine's efforts to secure a new International Monetary Fund program worth up to $19 billion and urged the country to improve its investment climate through economic reforms, anti-corruption measures, and upholding the rule of law. Clinton did not openly criticize the pro-Russian actions of newly-elected Yanukovich, aligning with the Obama administration's policy of improving relations with Moscow. Despite reducing ties with the U.S.-led military alliance, Yanukovich has strengthened Ukraine's ties with Moscow by increasing commercial relations and extending the Russian navy's presence in a Ukrainian port for 25 years. Clinton emphasized Ukraine's sovereignty and right to choose its own alliances, including potentially joining NATO, but ultimately leaving the decision up to Ukraine for its own security interests. Yanukovich has decided to no longer pursue NATO membership, which has pleased Moscow. He stated that Ukraine will not join any military alliances, but will continue to work with NATO on defense reform and peace-keeping. Clinton commended Ukraine's efforts to balance relationships with the US, EU, and Russia. She also praised Yanukovich's pragmatic approach of looking towards both Russia and the West, as well as Ukraine's efforts to stabilize its economy with support from global financial institutions. Clinton also praised Yanukovich's election in February as a significant advancement for Ukraine's democracy. She later encountered his main opponent, former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, who is now in opposition and may have a contrasting perspective. Tymoshenko, who is facing potential prosecution for purported wrongdoings during her time in office, contested Yanukovich's election but ultimately withdrew a legal effort to prevent his inauguration. The only topic where Clinton nearly reproached Yanukovich was regarding media freedoms and democratic rights. Recently, US Ambassador to Kiev John Tefft voiced worry about allegations of intimidation towards journalists since Yanukovich assumed power. She emphasized the importance of freedom of speech, press, petitioning governments, assembly, and political participation as fundamental rights of every individual. Clinton discussed how she addressed these concerns with Yanukovich, highlighting his previous commitments to democracy, rule of law, and human rights. She acknowledged that words alone are not enough to bring about change and emphasized the need for concrete actions to follow such statements. Clinton is embarking on a regional tour of five countries, with her first stop being in Krakow, Poland, for a meeting of the Community of Democracies, an organization that advocates for democratic principles. She will also be traveling to Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. | 2 |
The government has launched a program to support 50,000 small and marginal farmers in increasing maize cultivation. Agriculture minister Matia Chowdhury announced the program, which includes distributing seeds and fertilizers worth Tk 65 million for free, at a press conference at the ministry on Wednesday. The government will provide seeds and fertilizers to farmers for growing maize on 16,500 acres of land in 62 upazilas across 11 districts. The program will begin in the current winter season, with each farmer receiving 3 kilograms of hybrid maize seeds and 50 kilograms of fertilizers, including 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and muriate of potash (MoP), as incentives for cultivating maize on each bigha of land. The minister stated that the programme aims to boost maize production by 31,000 tonnes, resulting in an additional maize market value of Tk 62 crore. The initiative will be carried out in several districts, including Nilphamari, Kurigram, Rangpur, Gaibandha, Lalmonirhat, Pirojpur, Barisal, Barguna, Patuakhali, Bhola, and Jhalokhati. The agriculture minister explained that the goal of the programme is to encourage farmers to cultivate maize due to its high demand and lower cultivation costs compared to crops like rice and wheat. She also highlighted that wheat production in the northern region has decreased due to climate changes, making maize cultivation more appealing to farmers. The nation produces approximately 1.55 million tonnes of maize each year, but also requires an additional 422,000 tonnes through imports annually. | 2 |
In 2020, amidst the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic, the murder of George Floyd, and a social justice movement against police violence and racism, the FBI observed a rise in hate crimes directed at African Americans. The FBI reported that 64.9% of the 8,052 hate crime incidents in 2020 were motivated by race, ethnicity, or ancestry bias, with Black Americans accounting for over half of the victims. The number of reported hate crimes targeting African Americans in 2020 increased to 2,871 from 1,972 in 2019, contributing to an overall 9.1% rise in hate crimes. In the five years leading up to 2019, African Americans were involved in approximately half of all cases involving bias based on race, ethnicity, or ancestry, according to FBI data. Experts who analyze this data caution that the federal numbers may not tell the whole story, and that the increase in reported cases could be due to a greater awareness and willingness to report such crimes. However, they also suggest that the focus on social justice issues may have contributed to a rise in violence against Black Americans. Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University, San Bernardino, stated that the events of 2020, including the protests following George Floyd's murder, shifted the spotlight onto prejudice against African Americans. While official hate crime statistics for 2021 have not been released, experts in this field believe that attacks on Black individuals and institutions have persisted. For example, a significant number of historically Black colleges and universities, as well as several houses of worship and other faith-based and academic institutions, were targeted with bomb threats this year, according to the FBI. Racially motivated violence was in the spotlight once again in February, as three white Georgia men were found guilty of federal hate crimes for chasing and killing Ahmaud Arbery because of his race. The trial was notable for its honest examination of racism. While the FBI releases an annual report on hate crimes, many police agencies do not submit data, leading to underreporting of bias crimes. This lack of reporting makes it difficult to fully understand the extent of hate crimes nationwide, but the report still provides valuable insights into overall trends. In recent years, the Justice Department has been urging victims to report bias crimes and has made prosecuting these crimes a top priority. The FBI released a report last year based on data collected in 2020 from over 15,000 law enforcement agencies, revealing a significant increase in hate crimes, particularly targeting Black and Asian Americans. Hate crimes are defined by the FBI as crimes motivated by bias, ranging from bomb threats and vandalism to physical violence and murder. The data shows that over the past decade, hate crimes against Black Americans, who make up 12.1% of the population, have been higher than those against any other group based on religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. In the last decade, there were 20,084 reported instances of anti-Black crimes. During that time period, the second largest category of crimes was anti-Jewish crimes, with 7,688 reports despite Jews only making up about 2.4% of the US adult population. The man accused of the Buffalo attack, an 18-year-old white individual armed with a semi-automatic rifle and white supremacist beliefs adopted during the pandemic, opened fire at a supermarket in a predominantly Black neighborhood. He killed 10 people, mostly African American, and injured three others. In an online post outlining his plans, the suspect expressed his hate by writing a racist slur on his weapon and mentioning replacement theory, a far-right belief about the white population being replaced by people of color and immigrants. This mass shooting, being investigated by the Justice Department as a possible hate crime, is similar to other instances of racial violence fueled by white supremacy, such as the massacres in a Black church in Charleston, South Carolina, a Pittsburgh synagogue, and a Walmart in El Paso, Texas. Experts note that contemporary hate crimes against African Americans are a combination of old and new forms of bigotry. The enduring fear of demographic shifts and "replacement" is present in certain pockets of the internet and is often fueled by racist political rhetoric, according to Jeannine Bell, a professor at the Indiana University Maurer School of Law and an expert on hate crimes. White supremacists have long been concerned about white replacement, especially during tough times like the present. Bell also believes that the recent increase in anti-Black hate crimes can be partially attributed to backlash against protests following George Floyd's murder in Minneapolis, as they brought out anger towards African Americans. "There is a significant amount of support, along with a significant amount of anger," she noted. "The news was filled with stories of Black victimization, which infuriates white supremacists to see African Americans portrayed sympathetically." Bell explained that identifying the root cause of a rise in hate crimes is challenging. However, major events such as the 2020 summer protests serve as a useful reference point. "It is likely that there has been a surge in anti-Asian hate crimes," Bell added. There was an event, a pandemic, and a surge in anti-Asian hate crimes related to the pandemic occurred. Counting hate crimes against African Americans accurately is challenging due to a lack of dedicated tracking groups. A coalition of civil rights organizations urged President Joe Biden to hold a summit this week to address hate crimes and right-wing extremism. Rev. Al Sharpton emphasized the urgency of a national response to the increasing crimes. | 2 |
In 2017, starting with the inauguration of US President Donald Trump, there was a push to restrict abortions globally, highlighting the ongoing struggle for women's rights. However, this year also saw a rise in resistance in the United States and other countries, as well as progress in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America towards ending gender discrimination. UN Women Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka described it as a year focused on addressing discriminatory laws. Lebanon, Tunisia, and Jordan all eliminated laws that allowed rapists to avoid punishment by marrying their victims, a move that activists hope will influence other Arab nations. During a protest march in Hollywood, a woman wore an outfit that listed the names of all the men in Hollywood who sexually harassed her. This event took place on Nov 12, 2017, in Los Angeles, California, US. In a positive development, Malawi, Honduras, Trinidad and Tobago, El Salvador, and Guatemala have all changed their national laws to prohibit child marriage, according to Mlambo-Ngcuka. Additionally, India has made it punishable as rape to have sexual relations with a wife aged 15 to 18, even though child marriage is illegal but prevalent in the country. However, charities have expressed concerns over Trump's extension of the global gag rule, which restricts US funding to foreign organizations that offer abortion information, impacting family planning services and women's health globally. On the other hand, Chile's decision to legalize abortion under certain circumstances has been seen as a victory for campaigners, leaving only a few countries where abortion is completely banned. Lilian Sepulveda from the global legal program at the Center for Reproductive Rights stated that there has been progress in advancing reproductive human rights despite a challenging global environment. Women's rights leaders highlighted the importance of resisting sexism in 2017. The narrative has shifted from blaming and stigmatizing victims to holding abusers accountable, according to the UN's Mlambo-Ngcuka. Time magazine recognized the #MeToo movement as the most influential entity of 2017. Following Trump's inauguration, millions of women worldwide participated in protests, some wearing pink "pussyhats" in reference to his controversial 2005 remarks. Time magazine has chosen the #MeToo social movement as the most influential entity in 2017. Months later, millions continued to participate in the movement by sharing their experiences of sexual abuse and harassment on social media using the hashtags #MeToo and #balancetonporc in France. Bob Bland, a national co-chair of the Women's March on Washington, believes that this movement marks the beginning of a new era for women. Looking towards 2018, she stated that they are prepared and motivated for the challenges ahead. | 2 |
The worst financial crisis in 80 years hit emerging markets hard on Wednesday, leading to emergency central bank actions and calls for international assistance to prevent investors from pulling out. In the United States, Wachovia Corp, a struggling bank set to be acquired by Wells Fargo & Co, reported a record $23.9 billion loss in the third quarter. Emerging market stocks, sovereign debt, and currencies all faced significant pressure as investors sold off positions due to concerns about the weakening global economy. Despite efforts by authorities worldwide to strengthen the financial system, fears of a global recession loomed large. Hungary raised interest rates by three percentage points in an attempt to protect its currency, the forint. Belarus's central bank has requested credit from the International Monetary Fund, while Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko anticipates substantial financial aid from the IMF for her country next week. The IMF is also prepared to assist Pakistan and Iceland, which are facing financial challenges. Neil Dougall, chief emerging markets economist at Dresdner Kleinwort, believes that capital is shifting from emerging markets back to developed markets, despite the fundamentals remaining unchanged. This raises questions about optimism in emerging markets. Various officials have expressed optimism about the financial crisis despite ongoing problems, with billions of dollars in rescue and liquidity packages being implemented by governments worldwide. U.S. Treasury Undersecretary David McCormick stated that while the U.S. economy faces challenges in the coming quarters, it could begin to recover by late next year. Bringing confidence back to the financial market is crucial, according to McCormick. Bank of England Governor Mervyn King, who is involved in discussions with Group of Seven nations on the crisis, mentioned that the worst may be over for the financial system. However, he emphasized that there is still a long way to go before stability is fully restored. The strategy to strengthen the banking system, domestically and internationally, is expected to be recognized as the pivotal point in overcoming the recent banking crisis. This sentiment was reinforced by the decrease in U.S. dollar funding costs in London and Asia, indicating that banks are starting to rebuild trust in one another. Russia, a rising economic force, also reported progress in bank lending, with interbank transactions returning to normal and interest rates gradually decreasing. Banks have begun lending to sectors once again, but First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov stated that it will take two to three weeks for the situation to show improvement, according to the Financial Times. Despite efforts to combat financial collapse, the main concern is the worsening global economic conditions. The Bank of England's recent meeting minutes indicated a significant decline in the UK economy, with Governor King suggesting that the country may be facing its first recession in 16 years. These concerns have caused turmoil in financial markets. Wall Street appeared to be heading for a rough start, with Dow Jones industrial average futures dropping 259 points, or nearly 3 percent. European shares were down over 4.4 percent, while Japan's Nikkei average closed down 6.8 percent. In emerging markets, MSCI's sector index hit its lowest level since June 2005, and sovereign debt spreads widened by more than 700 basis points over Treasury yields for the first time since early 2003. Currencies, except for the forint, were also struggling, with the Turkish lira reaching its lowest point in over two years and South Africa's rand hitting a more than 6-year low against the dollar. Sanjay Mathur, an economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland in Singapore, commented that the economy will likely face significant challenges due to a downturn in the business cycle. A variety of US companies reported their results on Wednesday, providing an overview of the state of different industries and sectors in the largest global economy. Philip Morris International and Reynolds American Inc, along with McDonald's Corp, exceeded analysts' expectations with their quarterly profits, standing out among the overall negative outlook. | 2 |
As leaders and scientists discuss climate change in Copenhagen, farmers in flood-prone areas of northern India are taking matters into their own hands to adapt to changing weather patterns. Residents of Uttar Pradesh have been experiencing unpredictable weather for years, including heavy rainfall and flooding. The floods, exacerbated by run-off from Nepal, have caused significant damage to homes, crops, and livestock in the region, underscoring the vulnerability of the poorest populations to climate change. While global leaders debate emission cuts and funding in Copenhagen, experts suggest that low-cost adaptation strategies, utilizing community knowledge, could help protect at-risk farmers. In the fields of Manoharchak village, where concepts like "global warming" are unfamiliar, experiments are proving successful and changing the lives of impoverished farmers. These farmers are adapting to unpredictable weather patterns using simple yet effective techniques. Hooblal Chauhan, a 55-year-old farmer, mentioned that they have been adjusting their practices for the past three years to cope with changing weather conditions. The villagers have taken various measures such as raising road levels, constructing homes with higher foundations, elevating hand pumps, and creating new drainage channels. With support from the Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group, farmers are also growing flood-resistant rice and diversifying their crops to include vegetables like peas, spinach, tomatoes, onions, and potatoes, allowing them to have two harvests a year instead of one. According to experts, having a variety of crops is especially useful for farmers when their main crops like wheat and rice do not yield well. In addition to providing a more diverse and nutritious diet, growing vegetables can also generate income when surplus produce is sold. Due to heavy rainfall, farmers in the area are dealing with silt buildup from prolonged periods of water-logging. However, Sumitra Chauhan, a 50-year-old widow who cultivates rice, wheat, and 15 different vegetables on her two-acre farm, has found ways to address this issue. By starting seedlings in nurseries and transplanting them once the water drains, she is able to avoid delays and maintain a thriving vegetable garden filled with mustard, peas, spinach, and tomatoes. Farmers in eastern Uttar Pradesh have adopted new agricultural practices such as "multi-tier cropping" to cope with climate change. This method involves growing vegetables on raised platforms supported by bamboo frames, allowing for cultivation both above and below the platforms. Warmer temperatures and decreased rainfall during monsoon seasons have led to dry spells in the region, prompting villagers to invest in water pumps for irrigation. Oxfam reports that millions of people in India are facing climate-related challenges. Some individuals have been compelled to borrow money, while others have relocated to urban areas in search of work or have been compelled to sell their possessions, such as livestock, in order to survive. According to Ekta Bartarya of the Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group, while developing countries require significant investment to address the impacts of climate change, small and marginalized farmers in India can begin to help themselves by utilizing inexpensive and uncomplicated methods. | 2 |
US President Barack Obama is set to unveil a jobs package totaling more than $300 billion on Thursday in an effort to jumpstart the struggling American economy and improve his chances for re-election. The plan will focus on tax cuts for middle-class households and businesses, as well as increased spending on infrastructure projects like roads and bridges. Obama will address a joint session of Congress to push for the passage of his "American Jobs Act" by the end of the year, with hopes that it will provide a much-needed economic boost. If the plan is unsuccessful, Obama's strategy will be to criticize congressional Republicans for obstructing progress and causing the economy to stagnate. On Thursday morning, White House Chief of Staff Bill Daley criticized the lack of action in Congress, urging them to do more than just reject proposals. The weak jobs data has raised concerns about a potential recession, leading the Federal Reserve to explore ways to stimulate demand. G7 finance ministers are set to meet in France to discuss encouraging countries to support growth. President Obama is facing pressure to demonstrate stronger leadership. His handling of the economy has received criticism from both Republicans and fellow Democrats, which has raised concerns about his chances for re-election in November 2012. According to Terry Madonna, a political scientist at Franklin and Marshall College, this is a crucial moment for Obama as voters begin to assess the success of his presidency. A recent poll indicated that Obama is no longer the frontrunner for the upcoming election. The White House has stated that Obama will emphasize the challenges facing the US economy and stress the importance of Washington taking responsibility to help improve the job market, a message he will continue to push as the 2012 race intensifies. Last December, workers received renewed payroll tax cuts and businesses were given tax cuts to incentivize hiring, which are the main components of the jobs plan. Media outlets have predicted that the total cost of the package will be $300 billion or higher. White House senior adviser Valerie Jarrett informed Reuters Insider that Obama plans to present the jobs proposals to Congress in the form of legislation next week. She emphasized that Thursday's speech aimed to promote a sense of "shared responsibility" for the country's economic challenges, highlighting that the president alone cannot solve them. She stated that it is the responsibility of Congress, the business community, and the American people to get involved in addressing the issue. The White House aims to pass legislation this year to reduce unemployment by spring 2012. Obama needs to show economic progress by mid-2012 for re-election. If Congress does not act, the White House is ready to portray Republicans as hindering efforts to solve unemployment. The intense conflict in July over the nation's debt levels, which resulted in a ratings downgrade by Standard & Poor's, exposed a significant divide between Obama's Democrats and the Republicans in control of the House of Representatives. Republicans have criticized the $800 billion economic stimulus package that Obama passed in 2009 as unnecessary spending and are calling for immediate deficit reductions. Democrats argue that while long-term deficits need to be reduced, the economy requires a short-term fiscal boost. The White House has stated that the jobs package will be funded by future cuts, but has not provided specifics. Obama is urging the congressional "super committee" to exceed its target of $1.2 trillion in budget savings, but will not present his recommendations until next week or later. House Republican leaders John Boehner and Eric Cantor have shown willingness to consider some infrastructure spending and a program proposed by Obama in his jobs plan to train unemployed workers, as a gesture of goodwill. However, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell criticized the president's accusations of partisanship, stating that opposition to the economic policies is based on their ineffectiveness rather than political motives. McConnell described Obama's plan as a strategy for re-election rather than job creation. | 2 |
The former US spy agency contractor, Edward Snowden, spent close to six weeks confined to the transit zone of Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport while a diplomatic battle over his future took place between Russia and the United States. Snowden, who is wanted by Washington on espionage charges for leaking details of Internet and phone surveillance programs, has now left the airport armed with an asylum document that is valid for a year and can be renewed annually. Former Russian intelligence officers warn that life will not be easy for Snowden, as past defections have shown that defectors often face internal stress and difficulties for the rest of their lives. Snowden is not the first employee of the US National Security Agency (NSA) to defect to Moscow, with previous defectors experiencing disillusionment with their choices. Despite the end of the Cold War, the challenges faced by defectors remain the same. Snowden is a valuable tool for the Kremlin to use in propaganda, as they frequently criticize Washington for promoting human rights abroad while failing to uphold them at home. According to media expert Anna Kachkayeva, Snowden is now a political figure and a pawn in a larger game. He is seen as a potential threat that could be used for a specific purpose, such as appearing on television, but it is uncertain if or when this will happen. The decision of the Kremlin to provide shelter to Snowden has been well received by the Russian public. A Moscow resident named Ivan expressed his belief that Snowden is not a traitor and that Russia did the right thing. Yevgeny, a resident of St Petersburg, also supported the decision, stating that the Americans had overstepped their boundaries and someone needed to stand up to them. A survey conducted by independent pollster Levada found that 43 percent of Russians supported sheltering Snowden, while 29 percent were against it. Snowden has also received a marriage proposal from former Russian spy Anna Chapman and a job offer from a Russian social networking site. Anatoly Kucherena, a Russian lawyer helping Snowden, confirmed that there were others interested in hiring Snowden, ensuring that he would have no trouble finding employment in Russia. "He mentioned to Reuters that it is possible that he will have his own television show. The Kremlin has not shown any interest in making Snowden a television star, but Russian state television has already given a platform to Julian Assange of Wikileaks to criticize the United States. Snowden will be staying with American expatriates who support his actions for now, according to Kucherena. He also plans to bring Snowden's father, Lonnie, a US lawyer, and other friends to provide moral support. However, Snowden's value to Russia may decrease over time due to the changing political landscape. According to ex-KGB officer Korolkov, defectors like Snowden bring knowledge, skills, and abilities with them, but this information can become outdated and lose its worth. Some experts believe that Snowden may have traded some of his freedom for security in Russia." Misha Glenny, a British author specializing in Internet security and eastern Europe, believes that Snowden may not find Russia as attractive as he initially thought. Glenny suggests that Snowden may encounter challenges in participating in certain activities he desires. | 2 |
A recent report by the United Nations has indicated that the poverty rate in Bangladesh has decreased from 49 per cent to 31 per cent due to advancements in various aspects of human development. However, the reduction in poverty was not uniform across all regions, with vulnerable areas still experiencing high poverty rates. The UNDP country director highlighted that while some growth centres saw a significant decrease in poverty, coastal and char areas continue to struggle with widespread poverty. Despite these challenges, the report commended Bangladesh for making progress and predicted that the country could move up to a higher human development index category in the future. Priesner stated that Bangladesh has made significant progress in the long term on the Human Development Index (HDI), but there is still work to be done. The country's HDI score improved from 0.497 to 0.5, with a notable advancement in addressing gender inequality. Overall, the HDI inequality has decreased by seven percentage points, from 29% to 22%, indicating a positive performance. Bangladesh's HDI ranking is slightly below Pakistan at 0.504, with Delhi ahead of Dhaka. The UN country director emphasized the need for Bangladesh to address environmental degradation, the adverse effects of climate change, and disaster risks in order to continue improving. He stated that the report's main points are sustainable urbanization, addressing climate change, providing clean energy to the impoverished, and tackling environmental degradation. He emphasized that the current rate of urbanization is not sustainable and that climate change disproportionately affects the poor. Clean energy is essential for the development of those living in poverty, and failure to address environmental degradation will negatively impact those who rely on natural resources. He also noted that equity and sustainable development are interconnected. | 2 |
The survey showed that the percentage of adults who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender increased from 4.5% in 2017 to 5.6%. More than half of LGBT adults identified as bisexual. The survey also revealed that one in six adults in Generation Z identify as LGBT. Gallup's senior editor, Jeffrey Jones, stated that the number of Americans identifying as LGBTQ is expected to rise, as younger generations are more likely to identify as such compared to older generations. Jones noted that Americans have become more supportive of equal rights for LGBTQ individuals, leading to an increase in the number of people who now identify as LGBT. Sarah Kate Ellis, the president and CEO of GLAAD, an LGBTQ media organization and advocacy group, stated that the findings demonstrate that visibility and acceptance together can help individuals come out of the closet. The survey, which involved over 15,000 interviews conducted throughout 2020 with American adults in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, included questions about self-identification as LGBTQ and was conducted via both cellphone and landline interviews. Gallup conducted a poll in which respondents were able to select multiple sexual orientations that applied to them, such as straight, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. The margin of error for all adults was plus or minus 1 percentage point, and for LGBT adults it was plus or minus 5 percentage points. This recent poll included a more detailed identity question compared to previous years, with respondents providing their precise sexual orientation rather than a simple "yes" or "no" to being identified as LGBT. The Supreme Court has made significant rulings in favor of LGBTQ rights in recent years, including granting federal benefits to married same-sex couples in 2013. In 2015, a court decision granted nationwide recognition of same-sex marriage as a right. More recently, in June, another ruling declared that civil rights law safeguards gay and transgender workers. However, challenges persist for LGBTQ individuals. Despite a global call from numerous religious leaders to outlaw conversion therapy, which aims to alter the sexual orientations of LGBTQ individuals, only around 20 states have implemented some form of prohibition on the controversial practice. Throughout President Donald Trump's term, the erosion of rights for transgender individuals spread across all levels of the federal government. GLAAD's annual report revealed a decline in LGBTQ representation on television this year, the first decrease in five years. The US House of Representatives is expected to vote on the Equality Act, a bill aimed at expanding protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. While LGBTQ advocacy groups were pleased with the Gallup results, they emphasized the need for more inclusive estimates that consider individuals who identify differently or are gender nonconforming. Amit Paley, chief executive of the Trevor Project, stressed the importance of acknowledging the complexity of lived experiences and preventing the erasure of identities. Gathering accurate data on LGBTQ individuals remains a challenge for leaders and could impact the development of new policies. Paley stated that the true number of LGBTQ individuals who die by suicide in this country is unknown due to the lack of data on gender identity or sexual orientation in death records, which is causing LGBTQ individuals to be overlooked in significant ways. | 2 |
The evening reception hosted by the Bangladesh High Commissioner to the UK, Mijarul Quayes, in collaboration with BRAC and Oxfam, was attended by Parliamentarians, diplomats, civil society representatives, and members of the Bangladeshi diaspora. The High Commissioner discussed Bangladesh's progress in socio-economic indicators and praised the partnership between civil society organizations and the state. He highlighted Oxfam's support during the Liberation War and post-war reconstruction in Bangladesh. BRAC, originally from Bangladesh, is now an international NGO working to improve lives globally. BRAC UK's Chief Executive, Mary Garvey, acknowledged the progress made in Bangladesh with the support of organizations like Oxfam and BRAC. Oxfam's Chief Executive, Mark Goldring, emphasized the ongoing work needed in Bangladesh to prepare for disasters, especially with the increasing threat of climate change. | 2 |
In the political landscape of 2016-20, this belief was exaggerated. While Donald Trump did win the 2016 presidential election with a minority of the popular vote, more Americans voted for Republican congressional candidates than Democrats. Additionally, more Americans voted for right-of-center presidential candidates, including the Libertarian vote, than for Hillary Clinton and Jill Stein. From a strictly majority standpoint, liberalism was deserving of defeat in 2016, even if Trump's victory may not have been deserving. Despite Republican advantages, Democrats were able to regain control of the House of Representatives in 2018, the presidency in 2020, and the Senate in 2021. These victories continued the trend of American politics in the 21st century, where there have been significant shifts every few election cycles instead of one party gaining power permanently. However, after 2024, the political landscape may resemble the challenges faced by liberals during the Trump administration. According to David Shor, a liberal strategist, a combination of an unfavorable Senate map for Democrats along with their existing disadvantages in the Electoral College and Senate could result in a situation where the party wins a majority of the popular vote but still loses the presidency and faces a strong Republican majority in the Senate. This outcome would be troubling for liberals, but conservatives should not view it as a positive development either. Conservatives have recently defended institutions like the Senate and the Electoral College by arguing that the United States is a democratic republic, not a pure democracy. However, these arguments become less convincing when the overall results of the system become consistently undemocratic. The legitimacy of the Electoral College and Senate can withstand occasional deviations from popular vote results, but sustained governing power without majoritarian support can lead to delegitimization and disillusionment. The Republican Party should strive to win majorities outright to avoid undermining the perceived legitimacy of conservative governance. You cannot expect a political party to easily give up its advantages. There will never be a bipartisan constitutional amendment to get rid of the Senate. However, you can expect a political party to strive for more electoral success, unlike the GOP recently. They should aim to win elections like Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon did, rather than settling for close margins and relying on luck. The current situation, which appears grim for the Democrats, gives the Republicans a chance to address Electoral College concerns by taking reasonable positions, nominating viable candidates, and winning majorities outright. This involves rejecting voter-fraud paranoia and moving away from divisive Tea Party politics, as seen in Rick Scott's recent proposal for tax hikes on the working class. And it implies - and I am worried that this may be too difficult for the GOP to do - selecting a different candidate than Trump in 2024. Even if a Republican Party could secure popular majorities, its Senate or Electoral College majorities could still be increased by its structural advantages. This kind of amplification is common in democratic systems, not just in our own. It is distinct from consistently losing the popular vote and still gaining power. As for how the Democrats should address their disadvantages - that is a topic for a longer discussion, but for now, two quick points. First, if the party wants to address its structural challenges, it needs to have a clear understanding of what electoral reforms would be effective. During the Biden era, liberal reformers spent a lot of time and energy on voting bills that ultimately did not pass and would not have significantly benefited the party even if they had. Another reform idea, granting statehood to the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, may not have been feasible at that time, but it would have better addressed the challenges facing Democrats in the Senate. Therefore, pushing for an expanded Senate may be a more realistic strategy for liberal activists and legislators when their party is in power. Secondly, without structural reform, the Democratic Party may need to focus on winning back culturally conservative Latino and working-class white voters who were part of Barack Obama's coalition but have since shifted towards the right, in order to regain greater parity in the Senate and Electoral College. That group would have two main goals: To stick to a poll-tested economic policy agenda that is different from the business-friendly agenda supported by many centrist Democrats, and to consistently distinguish itself from organized progressivism on cultural and social issues. It would not just be about tactics, but about principles, showing voters that this group truly believes in its moderate stance and will continue to challenge progressivism even in Washington. Currently, there are scattered politicians across the country who somewhat embody this approach, but they lack a unified agenda, funding sources, and intellectual support. However, necessity may force the Democratic Party to come together and create such a faction in the near future. Copyright 2022 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
The sci-fi comedy, featuring Adam Sandler and distributed by Sony Pictures Entertainment, has removed a scene from its final version which showed aliens attacking iconic sites like the Taj Mahal, the Washington Monument, and parts of Manhattan. The Great Wall was spared in order to secure approval for release in China, as revealed in internal Sony Pictures emails. Other changes were made to avoid any content that could be seen as portraying China negatively, including removing a scene that implicated China in an attack and references to a Communist-conspiracy. These alterations were made to improve the chances of the movie, "Pixels," gaining access to China's lucrative box office. In a December 2013 email to senior Sony executives, Li Chow, chief representative of Sony Pictures in China, advised against breaking a hole in the Great Wall, stating that it would not benefit the China release. This message, along with tens of thousands of other confidential Sony emails and documents, was hacked and publicly released in late 2013. The US government attributed the breach to North Korea, and in April, WikiLeaks published the trove of emails, memos, and presentations from the Sony hack in an online archive. A representative from Sony Pictures, a division of Sony Corp. based in Tokyo, stated that they will not be making comments on leaked emails or internal conversations regarding specific decisions about content. They emphasized that many factors are considered when determining the best approach for a film's release, with the goal of creating content that appeals to a global audience while maintaining creative integrity as a top priority. Requests for comments from Chinese government and film-industry officials were unanswered. The leaked emails also revealed discussions among studio executives about adjusting content in other Sony movies, such as the 2014 remake of "RoboCop," to make them more acceptable to Chinese authorities. In one email from 2013 regarding "RoboCop," the senior vice president at Sony Pictures Releasing International at the time, Steve Bruno, suggested moving a fictional weapons company from China to a Southeast Asian country like Vietnam or Cambodia. In the end, the change was not implemented, as seen in the movie. Bruno has since left Sony. The emails from Sony reveal the extent to which the movie studio practiced self-censorship in anticipation of how Chinese authorities might react to their films. This demonstrates Hollywood's increasing reliance on the Chinese audience, as box office earnings in China rose significantly last year while declining in the US and Canada. Other studios have also made alterations to their movies to ensure they are approved for screening in China. A comparison of the Chinese and international versions of "Iron Man 3" reveals that a scene featuring a Chinese doctor was extended in the Chinese version and included popular Chinese actress Fan Bingbing. Despite being the second highest-grossing movie in China in 2013, Marvel Studios declined to comment. The logic of self-censorship is evident in the case of "Pixels," where Sony aimed to create a single, China-friendly version of the film. Sony's president, Steven O'Dell, suggested changing China elements to another country as a simple solution in an email about "RoboCop." Changing only the China version of the film would be a mistake, as it would draw attention from the press and bloggers who would notice the inconsistency. The US film industry's attempts to cater to the Chinese market come at a time when the country is cracking down on civil society. President Xi Jinping's government has detained numerous dissidents and human rights lawyers in recent years. China's efforts to restrict civil liberties domestically are now influencing global entertainment standards, as seen in the removal of scenes from "Pixels" deemed offensive to Beijing. This highlights how China's censorship is impacting audiences worldwide and challenging the freedoms that Hollywood has traditionally enjoyed. Peter Shiao, founder and CEO of Orb Media Group, noted that studios have become more astute in their decision-making when it comes to creating movies, especially global blockbusters, to ensure they are not rejected by the Chinese audience for social or political reasons. Sony's emails were hacked before the release of "The Interview," a film about the assassination of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. Following threats against movie theaters, Sony initially canceled the release, prompting US President Barack Obama to caution against self-censorship. However, Sony eventually released the movie after theater owners agreed to show it. During his year-end White House press briefing, Obama expressed concerns about the potential consequences of allowing intimidation to prevent the release of satirical movies. He warned that this could lead to self-censorship in the face of documentaries or news reports that certain individuals dislike. Obama emphasized that America should not compromise its values or freedom of expression. The appeal of the Chinese box office has been growing rapidly for Hollywood studios, with box office receipts in China surpassing those in the United States and Canada. China is expected to set a new record for box office receipts in 2015, highlighting the increasing importance of the Chinese market for the film industry. By early June 2015, the action movie "Fast & Furious 7" had become the top-selling ticket in China, grossing $383 million, surpassing the combined earnings of $351 million in the United States and Canada. This success was followed by "Avengers: Age of Ultron" and "Jurassic World." The vice president of the China Film Producers' Association had previously stated in November that the Chinese film market was on track to surpass the United States as the largest in the world within three years. This growing significance of the Chinese market was evident in the decisions made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc during the production of the 2012 remake of "Red Dawn," where the nationality of the invading soldiers was changed from Chinese to North Korean in post-production, according to producer Tripp Vinson. MGM did not provide any comments in response to inquiries. In China, in order for a movie to be shown, it must first receive approval from the Film Bureau, led by Zhang Hongsen, a senior Communist Party member. Zhang mentioned the pressure and challenges faced due to the influx of foreign films in China and emphasized the need to strengthen the Chinese film industry. The Film Bureau is a part of SAPPRFT, which is under the direct control of China's State Council. This administration oversees state-owned communication enterprises such as China Central Television and China Radio International, and censorship rules are outlined in a 2001 State Council order. The directive prohibits content that poses a threat to China's unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, as well as content that damages national pride and disrupts social stability. It also prohibits content that goes against public morality and national traditions. Additionally, SAPPRFT guidelines include restrictions on material that criticizes the government and political figures. The guidelines have expanded to cover new areas such as decadence, fortune telling, hunting, and sexuality, as outlined in an email sent by Sanford Panitch to Sony Entertainment CEO Michael Lynton last November. Film studios must collaborate with China Film Group Corp, a government-owned company responsible for importing and distributing foreign films. China Film Group Corp also sometimes serves as an investor. Sony executives exchanged emails discussing a partnership where China Film Group Corp would fund 10 percent of the budget for "Pixels". The company is led by La Peikang, a member of the Communist Party and former deputy head of the Film Bureau. A maximum of 34 foreign films are permitted into China annually under a revenue-sharing system that allocates 25 percent of box office earnings to foreign studios. Fourteen of the movies must be in advanced formats like 3D or IMAX, as revealed in the Sony emails which show that the censorship process in China can be unpredictable. In early 2014, Sony was asked to remove a significant but disturbing scene from "RoboCop" for the Chinese audience. A January 28, 2014 email from Steven O'Dell, an international executive, stated that the censorship was causing issues for the film, particularly with regards to a crucial scene where the protagonist's true nature is revealed. The studio hoped to make minor edits to appease the censors. We are unsure about taking a firm stance on this issue due to the large amount of money involved. We are hopeful that we will not have to remove the scene. The political climate under President Xi might also be a factor, as indicated in one email. Sony China executive Li Chow expressed doubt about the government's flexibility and mentioned the conservative nature of the present government, which is reflected in the cuts to Robocop. The censorship board members appear uncertain, fearful, and overly cautious. In discussions about "Pixels," Sony executives are trying to figure out how to understand the sensitivities of the Chinese authorities. Li Chow recommended making changes to the script, such as removing the scene where a hole is smashed in the Great Wall, in a November 1, 2013 email. She suggested that it would be appropriate to depict widespread destruction on a global scale by showing recognizable historical sites being destroyed in different parts of the world. Additionally, she recommended changing a scene where the President of the United States, an ambassador, and the head of the CIA suspect China of an attack using unknown technology. In the final version of the movie, they speculate that Russia, Iran, or Google could be responsible. Li also mentioned that China should be mentioned alongside other superpowers but not in a negative light. She proposed removing a scene featuring the Great Wall, deeming it unnecessary. The executives also discussed moving a car chase scene involving Pac-Man from Tokyo to Shanghai to potentially improve the film's release in China. Li Chow recommended against the relocation of the Pac-Man action from Tokyo to Shanghai, citing concerns about potential destruction and sensitivity. She expressed uncertainty about whether it would be a problem, as the unwritten rule is that it is acceptable if there is no intention to destroy a specific building or street. Ultimately, all references to China in the movie were removed, a decision that was likely made in early 2014. "It appears that Doug will follow Li's advice and remove all references to China from Pixels, as mentioned by international executive O'Dell in an email about then-Columbia Pictures President Doug Belgrad. The consequences of not obtaining approval to release a film in China are also highlighted in the Sony emails. For example, a Sony marketing executive mentioned in February 2014 that "CAPTAIN PHILLIPS" would not be shown in China, resulting in a significant financial loss as Sony executives had anticipated earning $120 million globally from the movie but were unable to do so without approval from China." In a December 2013 email, Rory Bruer, president of worldwide distribution at Sony Pictures, emphasized the need to maximize revenue to achieve their goals. He urged everyone to brainstorm ideas on how to increase profits from the movie. Bruer also expressed doubts about the likelihood of "Captain Phillips" being approved by China's censors, citing the plot element where the US military rescues the ship's captain as a potential reason for Chinese officials to reject the film. He concluded that it was unlikely that China would ever approve the film for censorship. The US military's involvement in saving one citizen is a reason why China would not promote the idea, as they are not comfortable with the political tone of the film. Despite this, Beijing has shown approval for the movie "Pixels" and it will be released in China on September 15. | 2 |
Republican presidential candidates expressed strong support for the military mission in Iraq but raised concerns about the Bush administration's handling of the war during a subdued first debate. Held at the Ronald Reagan presidential library in California, the debate did not have many direct clashes among the 10 candidates but did reveal some differing views on social issues such as abortion. The majority of the 2008 candidates emphasized the importance of achieving victory in Iraq, contrasting with the Democratic candidates who recently called for a swift end to the war. Arizona Senator John McCain, a prominent supporter of the war and advocate for increasing troop levels, warned of chaos and genocide if the US were to withdraw from Iraq. Rudolph Giuliani, the ex-mayor of New York and the top Republican candidate in nationwide polls, stated that it is crucial to never back down in response to terrorism. However, other candidates have questioned the Bush administration's handling of the war. McCain criticized the management of the war over the past four years, attributing errors in judgment to a lack of input from military experts. Former Arkansas Governor also expressed concerns about reliance on civilian advisors rather than military leaders. The debate in California took place during a difficult time for Republicans, as they were still reeling from losing power in Congress in the previous November's elections. Public dissatisfaction with President Bush, the Iraq war, and Republicans in general was high, 18 months before the 2008 presidential election. This forced candidates to carefully consider whether to align themselves with Bush and his policies. Mitt Romney, a top-tier candidate despite low national poll numbers, emphasized the importance of prioritizing bringing troops home over public opinion on the war. Romney acknowledged the importance of not abruptly bringing certain issues to light in a way that could necessitate revisiting them. Conservatives have expressed dissatisfaction with the Republican presidential candidates, particularly Giuliani for his support of gay rights and abortion rights, and Romney for his evolving views on these issues. Romney defended his change in stance on abortion rights as a sincere shift in opinion, stating, "I changed my mind." The majority of the candidates expressed their support for overturning the Supreme Court ruling that legalized abortion. Giuliani expressed his acceptance of abortion but believed it should be a state issue. Virginia Gov James Gilmore supported abortion rights in the early stages of pregnancy but had implemented restrictions on abortion during his time as governor. The debate at the Reagan library prompted candidates to praise Reagan's leadership and conservative values. Nancy Reagan and California Gov Arnold Schwarzenegger observed the debate from the front row, but not all candidates agreed with her stance on federal funding for stem cell research. Other individuals who took part in the event included Senator Sam Brownback from Kansas, Representatives Tom Tancredo from Colorado, Ron Paul from Texas, and Duncan Hunter from California, as well as former Governor Tommy Thompson from Wisconsin. | 2 |
He addressed a virtual press conference following the opening of a Global Centre on Adaptation office in Dhaka, emphasizing the importance of sharing the best adaptation practices among countries. Ban, the chairman of GCA, praised Bangladesh for its resilience in facing disasters amidst global discussions on climate change. He highlighted the successful evacuation of a large number of people during cyclone Amphan, which struck Bangladesh during the coronavirus pandemic. In his speech during the inauguration, Ban Ki-moon referred to the country as a prime example of successfully addressing climate change. This was cited as one of the reasons for establishing an office in Bangladesh. The chairman of the GCA mentioned at a press conference that according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 17 percent of Bangladesh could be submerged if sea levels rise by 1 meter by 2050. Another UN report warned that even a slight rise in sea levels could lead to flooding in Dhaka city, highlighting the serious threats Bangladesh faces as one of the most vulnerable countries to global warming. He stressed the importance of long-term planning, preparation, understanding of potential risks, methods to mitigate risks, education, and raising awareness to address the crisis. The Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina participated in the opening of the office through a video conference from Ganabhaban. Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen was also present at the event. | 2 |
Wearing white boiler suits, around 300 protesters sat on the red carpet where Hollywood stars like Brad Pitt, Scarlett Johansson, and Joaquin Phoenix have premiered their latest films during the 11-day event. They waved banners with messages like 'Our home is on fire' and 'No to cruise ships', while chanting slogans outside the main festival venue surrounded by police. Chiara Buratti, a member of the Venice anti-cruise ship committee, stated that the protesters wanted to bring attention to the climate crisis as they believe it is more important than anything else happening in the world. They hoped to gain celebrity support for their cause. The protesters arrived early in the morning and peacefully disbanded several hours later around 1200 GMT. The festival's last day is Saturday on the Venice Lido, with the winner of the Golden Lion prize to be announced in the evening. Buratti mentioned that in addition to a planned march on the Lido, the demonstrators, who come from Italian and foreign groups, were participating in a five-day event known as the Venice Climate Camp. Demonstrator Sina Reisch from the German group Ende Gelande emphasized the importance of recognizing that the climate crisis affects everyone, regardless of borders, and that all struggles are interconnected. Rocker Mick Jagger and veteran actor Donald Sutherland showed their support for the demonstrators and will be presenting their thriller "The Burnt Orange Heresy" later on. Jagger expressed his satisfaction with the younger generation taking action to protect the planet during a press conference promoting the movie. He discussed the challenging environmental situation, particularly in the US where environmental regulations are being undone by the current administration. Sutherland praised the dedication of environmental protesters and emphasized the importance of supporting their cause, as well as advocating for migrants. He urged people to vote out politicians who do not prioritize environmental protection to ensure a better future for future generations. He stated that they are destroying the world. While we have played a part in its destruction, they are making sure it continues. | 2 |
Trump's warning about possibly ending the agreement marked a significant shift in US foreign policy, particularly as tensions with North Korea were also escalating. This was the second time in two days that Trump had targeted Obama's policies, with the first being an executive order to undermine the former president's healthcare reform. The deal, which aimed to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons, was supported by several other countries, but Trump criticized it for being too lenient and putting the decision in the hands of the US Congress. Trump argued that continuing with the deal would only lead to more violence, terrorism, and the risk of Iran obtaining nuclear weapons. European allies are concerned about a potential rift with the United States due to President Trump's decision to put the nuclear agreement in limbo, which they believe harms America's credibility internationally. Trump's focus on "America First" has also seen the US withdraw from the Paris climate accord and Trans-Pacific Partnership, as well as renegotiate NAFTA with Canada and Mexico. In response, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani stated that Iran remains committed to the deal and criticized Trump for making unfounded accusations, asserting that Iran will not succumb to foreign pressure. Rouhani emphasized that Iran and the agreement are resilient. Iranian President Hassan Rouhani gave a televised speech in Tehran, Iran on October 13, 2017. The head of the UN nuclear watchdog confirmed that Iran is following the most stringent nuclear verification measures and is adhering to the agreement. The director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Yukiya Amano, stated that Iran is fulfilling its nuclear-related obligations under the JCPOA. According to US law, the president is required to certify to Congress every 90 days that Iran is abiding by the agreement, which President Trump has done twice, albeit reluctantly. Two administration officials familiar with the Iran policy debate revealed that Trump disregarded the advice of his top officials such as the secretary of defense, secretary of state, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, chief of staff, and national security advisor. Instead, Trump opted to listen to the more hardline views of CIA Director Mike Pompeo and some external advisors. The decision was criticized by US Democrats, with Senator Ben Cardin stating that Trump's actions would isolate the US from its allies during a critical time of nuclear crisis with North Korea. EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini also expressed concern, stating that Washington cannot unilaterally cancel the nuclear agreement with Iran, which has been effective in maintaining peace. This agreement is not a two-party deal. The US Congress will have a 60-day period to determine whether to reinstate economic sanctions on Tehran that were removed as part of the agreement. If Congress reinstates the sanctions, the US would essentially be breaking the terms of the nuclear deal, leading to its potential collapse. If lawmakers take no action, the agreement will remain intact. A solitary protester, wearing a mask of Donald Trump, demonstrates outside the White House in opposition to President Trump's announcement regarding the Iran nuclear deal and his stance on Iran. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Corker is in the process of amending a law regarding Iran to include "trigger points" that would result in the automatic reimposition of US sanctions if Tehran crosses them. A protestor wearing a Donald Trump mask demonstrated outside the White House in opposition to President Trump's announcement about the Iran nuclear deal and his policy towards Iran on October 13, 2017. According to a source familiar with the issue, the trigger points would involve reimposing US sanctions if Tehran is believed to be less than a year away from developing a nuclear weapon. The trigger points are also expected to address stricter nuclear inspections, Iran's ballistic missile program, and eliminating the deal's "sunset clauses," which allow some restrictions on Iran's nuclear program to expire over time. It is uncertain whether Congress will be able to pass the legislation. Trump issued a warning that if a solution cannot be reached with Congress and allies, the agreement will be ended. He focused on imposing sanctions on Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps and criticized Tehran for its destabilizing actions in Syria, Yemen, and Iraq. While the administration condemned the Revolutionary Guards, they did not officially label them as a foreign terrorist organization. The group holds significant power in Iran's security, political, and economic systems and has a major influence on domestic and foreign policies. The United States had previously sanctioned the Revolutionary Guards, so the impact of the recent measures is expected to be mostly symbolic. The US military announced on Friday that it was exploring potential areas for collaboration with allies to increase pressure on Iran in alignment with President Trump's new strategy. Additionally, they are evaluating the current placement of US forces. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis noted that Iran has not engaged in any provocative actions in response to Trump's announcement. | 2 |
At an event where no single film stood out, Alejandro Inarritu from Mexico won the best directing Oscar for "The Revenant", making him the first filmmaker in over 60 years to win back-to-back Academy Awards. Inarritu previously won in 2015 for "Birdman." "The Revenant" had 12 nominations going into the ceremony and was one of four movies considered top contenders for best picture after winning Golden Globe and BAFTA awards. The epic 20th Century Fox film, set in the Pioneer era and filmed in freezing temperatures, also earned Leonardo DiCaprio his first Oscar win, receiving a standing ovation from the audience. DiCaprio used his acceptance speech to address the need for action on climate change, saying "I do not take tonight for granted." However, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences voters selected "Spotlight," a film by Open Road Films, as the best picture. The movie follows the Boston Globe's investigation of child sex abuse by Catholic priests, which won a Pulitzer Prize in 2003. In addition to best picture, the film also won best original screenplay. Producer Michael Sugar accepted the Oscar for Best Picture and expressed hope that the film's message would reach the Vatican and give a voice to survivors. Brie Larson, a rising star at the age of 26, won the award for best actress for her portrayal of an abducted young woman in the independent film "Room." This added to her collection of trophies from other award shows. The Oscars show featured ongoing discussions and jokes about the lack of diversity in the acting nominee line-up for the second year in a row. Comedian Rock, who is black, referred to the show as "the white People's Choice awards" and questioned why the issue of diversity in the industry had only recently gained attention, rather than in previous decades when black Americans were facing more serious challenges like racial violence. Rock also visited the Los Angeles neighborhood of Compton to ask residents about the Oscar-nominated movies. No one had any doubts. Many nominees praised Rock for handling a difficult theme well. Adam McKay, director of "The Big Short," felt that Rock's jokes about Hollywood were fair and addressed the changing conversation around diversity. He found Rock's performance to be impressive and humorous. Rock was not the only one who highlighted people of color at the Oscars. Alejandro Inarritu, who won the Best Director award for "The Revenant," expressed his gratitude for being at the event but also acknowledged the lack of luck for many others. He hopes that in the future, skin color will be as insignificant as the length of one's hair. Mark Rylance from Britain unexpectedly won the Best Supporting Actor award for "Bridge of Spies," beating out Sylvester Stallone from "Creed." Inarritu praised Stallone, telling him that he will always be the best in his eyes. Arnold Schwarzenegger, another action star, expressed his pride in a video shared online. Sam Smith's theme song for the James Bond movie "Spectre" won over Lady Gaga's ballad "Til It Happens to You" about sexual assault. Alicia Vikander received the supporting actress Oscar for her role in the transgender movie "The Danish Girl," and the documentary "Amy" about Amy Winehouse also won an award. "Mad Max: Fury Road" from Warner Bros was the top winner with six Oscars, all in technical categories like costume, make-up, and editing. | 2 |
In the dense forests of the picturesque Danube island of Persin, where endangered species like the sea eagle and pygmy cormorant reside, lies the grim remains of a communist-era death camp in Belene, Bulgaria. From 1949 to 1959, hundreds of individuals deemed "enemies of the regime" died from abuse, starvation, and exhaustion in this camp, where corpses were even fed to pigs. Despite the passage of two decades since the fall of communism, the Belene concentration camp has largely been forgotten, with only a small marble plaque recounting its chilling history. There is a growing sense of nostalgia for the past in Bulgaria and other former Soviet countries, as the failures of capitalism to improve living standards, establish the rule of law, and combat corruption and nepotism have led to a longing for a time when unemployment was low, food was affordable, and social security was strong. Rumen Petkov, a 42-year-old former guard turned clerk at the only remaining prison on Persin island, mentioned that the negative aspects of the past have been forgotten. He noted that there is a sense of nostalgia, especially among the elderly, as he stood in front of the deteriorating buildings of an old jail that was opened on the site after the closure of the camp in 1959. During the 1980s, the communists imprisoned numerous ethnic Turks here for refusing to change their names to Bulgarian. Some young residents of the town of Belene, connected to the island by a pontoon bridge, also recall a time when they believe they had a better quality of life. Anelia Beeva, 31, expressed this sentiment by saying, "We lived better in the past," citing access to vacations at the coast and mountains, as well as an abundance of clothing, shoes, and food. Currently, a significant portion of our earnings is being used for food expenses. Many individuals with higher education degrees are unable to find employment and are choosing to work abroad. In Russia, there has been a trend of Soviet-themed restaurants opening in Moscow, with some hosting nostalgia nights where youths dress up as pioneers and dance to communist music. Traditional Soviet Champagne and Red October Chocolates are still popular choices for birthday parties. "USSR" merchandise like t-shirts and baseball caps are commonly seen throughout the country during the summer months. While there is little enthusiasm for the restoration of old regimes, analysts argue that apathy is a significant consequence. Bulgarian sociologist Vladimir Shopov highlighted in an online publication that nostalgia can hinder the drive for meaningful change. Disillusionment with democracy is prevalent across former communist eastern Europe, with polls indicating a high level of distrust towards the elites responsible for their EU citizenship. A recent poll by the U.S. Pew Research Center revealed a significant decline in support for democracy and capitalism in countries such as Ukraine, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Hungary. For example, approval of democracy in Ukraine dropped from 72 percent in 1991 to 30 percent in 2009. In Bulgaria and Lithuania, the proportion of the population affected by the economic downturn decreased from nearly three-quarters in 1991 to just over half. Surveys conducted by the U.S.-based human rights organization Freedom House indicate a regression or standstill in corruption, governance, independent media, and civil society in the new EU-member states. The global economic crisis has negatively impacted the region, challenging the effectiveness of the neoliberal capitalism approach endorsed by the West. As a result, hopes of closing the wealth gap with Western countries have been replaced by a growing sense of injustice. In Hungary, where the economic downturn has hit hard, a survey by pollster Szonda Ipsos in October revealed that 70 percent of adults who lived through the 1989 regime change were disappointed with the outcomes. People in the former Yugoslav countries, who were deeply affected by the ethnic wars of the 1990s and are still not part of the EU, are feeling nostalgic for the socialist era of Josip Broz Tito. During this time, they were able to travel across Europe without needing a visa. Belgrade pensioner Koviljka Markovic, 70, expressed a sentiment shared by many, stating that everything was better back then with no street crime, secure jobs, and salaries that allowed for a decent standard of living. Today, Markovic struggles to survive on her monthly pension of 250 euros ($370). In Bulgaria, some view the 33-year rule of former dictator Todor Zhivkov as a golden era when compared to the widespread corruption and crime that followed his downfall. More than 60% of people say they had a better life in the past, despite having to wait in shopping queues, relying on social connections for valuable goods, being unable to buy jeans and Coca Cola, and waiting up to 10 years to purchase a car. Historians Andrei Pantev and Bozhidar Gavrilov noted in a book on Bulgaria's influential figures that some Bulgarians valued security over freedom. Even nearly three years after joining the EU, Bulgaria still has the lowest average monthly salary and pension in the bloc. In comparison, Poland and the Czech Republic, which joined in 2004, also have lower incomes than western European countries. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Romania were ranked among the top 10 most discontented countries in the world in a 2008 global survey by Gallup. Zsofia Kis, a 23-year old student in Budapest, commented on how her parents' generation was content with what they had, in contrast to the current desire for more. She mentioned that communist regimes used to suppress unemployment rates artificially. After years of slow reforms, many people are now unwilling to make further sacrifices required for a complete overhaul of the economy and judiciary. This has led to demoralization and an increase in support for political parties promising strong leadership. Former KGB agent Prime Minister Vladimir Putin referred to the collapse of the Soviet Union as the most significant geopolitical tragedy of the century. Critics of the Kremlin claim that there is a gradual revival of the Soviet Union to rationalize the suppression of media and opposition parties. Historian Nikita Petrov from the Memorial human rights group stated that there is a glorification of the Soviet era as part of a deliberate strategy to portray the Soviet regime in a positive light to the current generation. In Bulgaria, powerful individuals known as oligarchs, who have significant control over various sectors of the economy, have risen from the ranks of the former communist party and its feared secret services. The names of corrupt politicians and crime bosses are widely known, but Bulgaria has yet to convict any high-ranking officials of corruption and has only imprisoned one gang leader since 1989. There have been no convictions for the atrocities committed during the communist era. Among ordinary Bulgarians, common terms include "dalavera," a Turkish word for fraud, "mutri," a slang term for unsavory mafia members, and "mente," which refers to counterfeit goods. Many people are becoming disillusioned with the idea of achieving success through honest means. According to Boriana Dimitrova from Bulgarian polling agency Alpha Research, success is seen as criminal behavior. She noted that this feeling of injustice is especially prevalent in the Balkans, the poorest part of Europe, where powerful parallel structures go unchecked. Some individuals believe that while the old regime was oppressive, it at least provided law and order. Prime Minister Boiko Borisov of the center-right populist GERB party won a landslide election in Bulgaria in July by promising to end the culture of impunity. Analysts suggest that in the face of public discontent and economic recession, only populist governments can thrive in the region. Ivan Krastev from Sofia's Liberal Strategies Institute stated that the level of distrust towards political elite and institutions is so high that convincing people to take action under unpopular governments is difficult. Some in Bulgaria criticize the West for easily accepting the communist past of the new elite members. Critics point to the election of Bulgarian Irina Bokova, a former communist official and ambassador to Paris, as head of UNESCO in September as an example of the West's hypocrisy. Bokova's past in Moscow during communism helped her advance in her diplomatic career in the 1990s. Some eastern Europeans believe they have successfully embraced materialism, surpassing capitalist standards. During the prosperous years, a significant portion of the loans acquired were used for luxury items such as expensive cars, yachts, high-end televisions, designer clothing, cosmetic surgeries, and extravagant vacations. The trend of adopting foreign customs even extended to naming newborns with Western names and the proliferation of reality television shows like "Big Brother." Renowned Bulgarian artist, Nikola Manev, living in Paris, expressed concern about the growing Americanization of Bulgaria, noting instances such as people speaking to him in English and restaurants bearing names like Miami. Manev questioned why Bulgarian culture was being overshadowed by foreign influences. He observed that while the surface of the city may show new developments such as buildings, shops, and cars, the people have become increasingly sad, aggressive, and unhappy. He recommended spiritual remedies to address this issue. This fall, tickets for performances at Sofia's theaters are selling out well in advance for the first time in many years. | 2 |
Ardem Patapoutian and David Julius were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday. Giorgio Parisi, Syukuro Manabe, and Klaus Hasselmann received the physics prize for their work on chaotic climate, while Benjamin List and David MacMillan won the chemistry award for their molecule building tool. Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, aged 72, became the second writer of color in sub-Saharan Africa to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, following Toni Morrison in 1993. Anne-Marie Morhed, head of the Swedish Association of Female Academics, noted that Gurnah meets the criteria of being a writer from a non-traditional cultural background but is not a woman. There are two prizes still to be awarded, the Peace Prize and the Economy Prize, by the Norwegian Nobel Committee. There is still an opportunity for a woman to be honored. Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and Greta Thunberg are two women who are considered contenders for the Nobel Peace Prize, which will be announced in Norway on Friday. The committee is mainly composed of women, with a woman leading it, as was the case with the previous committee. In recent years, there has been a strong effort to diversify the recipients of prestigious awards like the Nobel Prize, which historically have been predominantly given to white men from North America and Western Europe. Despite there being a significant number of Black peace laureates, there has never been a Black winner in the categories of medicine, chemistry, and physics. Professor Winston Morgan, a toxicologist at the University of East London, has highlighted the lack of diversity in these fields as part of his research on inequality in the sciences. He notes that the gender gap in prize winners is particularly concerning, with very few female recipients compared to male winners. Scientists of both genders have expressed their disappointment on social media about the lack of women recognized for awards this year. GenderAvenger, a non-profit organization committed to promoting women's voices in public discussions, expressed concern over the lack of female representation in the 2021 Nobel Prize awards. With only 4 out of 6 categories announced and no women winners yet, the organization questioned if the narrative of this year's prizes is that only men are deserving. However, it was noted that women like Katalin Kariko and Kizzmekia Corbett, instrumental in the creation of mRNA vaccines, were noticeably absent from the list of recipients, sparking disappointment among some, including epidemiology assistant professor Ellie Murray from Boston University School of Public Health. Nobel experts believe that Kariko and Corbett may be recognized in the future, as the committee tends to reward recipients after some time has passed. The Nobel prize has specific criteria and traditions that are difficult to deviate from, but they are likely to acknowledge scientific innovation during the pandemic in a few years. The number of female and Asian Nobel laureates is increasing, but there is not the same trend for Black scientists. He expressed more concern about the lack of black scientists in universities and the need for their support. When asked about the few Black Nobel Prize winners for literature, Gurnah mentioned that the world was evolving. Jesper Haeggstrom, the chairman of the Nobel Assembly for Physiology or Medicine, stated that the lack of female prize winners reflected the historical under-representation of women in science. He explained that the further back in time one looks, the fewer female candidates there are. Haeggstrom refused to comment on whether gender influenced the committee's selection process, stating that scientific competence is the most important factor. Critics have raised concerns about the lack of gender diversity in the composition of the scientific selection committees, with only 25 percent of the professors on the medicine selection committee being women. Additionally, the Committee for Physics at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has only one female member out of six, with both co-opted members being male. The chemistry committee is made up of six male members and two co-opted members, who are both women. | 2 |
The prime minister encouraged the public to plant additional trees as she launched the 'National Tree Plantation Campaign' at Ganabhaban on Saturday. She emphasized the importance of World Environment Day and mentioned that she had also planted trees. She urged all citizens to plant trees wherever possible and suggested planting three trees at a time. If you are unable to do more, then at least plant one tree. Emphasizing the urgency of climate change, the leader of the Awami League urged for initiatives focused on creating a more environmentally friendly Bangladesh. She also discussed the government's efforts towards increasing forestation, with hopes that this will further advance Bangladesh now that it has reached developing nation status. "We have made significant progress in forestation, resulting in a 22 percent increase in forest coverage." Additionally, the prime minister noted that many families are now cultivating their own gardens in response to the growing understanding of the advantages of a green environment. I encourage everyone to protect the environment and their financial stability by planting trees on a large scale. | 2 |
Cuba will release seven out of 59 dissidents who have been imprisoned since 2003, a decision that opponents of the ailing Cuban leader Fidel Castro see as a sign of change under his brother's leadership. The release, which is the first since August, was negotiated by Spain on health grounds and announced by Spanish Foreign Minister Miguel Angel Moratinos. Moratinos expressed satisfaction with the decision, which was made unilaterally by Cuban authorities after dialogue with Spain. Four of the released dissidents will be sent to Spain with their families for medical treatment, having been gathered from different jails in Cuba at the Combinado del Este prison near Havana. Omar Pernet, Jose Gabriel Ramon Castillo, Alejandro Gonzalez, and Pedro Pablo Alvarez are the individuals mentioned. Alvarez, who is 60 years old, stated in a phone interview with Reuters from prison that they are doing well and have been treated well. He also mentioned that they are unsure of when they will be released, as it could be either today or tomorrow. The dissidents were detained in a political sweep initiated by Cuban leader Fidel Castro in March 2003, resulting in the imprisonment of 75 of his adversaries with sentences of up to 28 years. Sixteen individuals had already been granted release on medical grounds. Economist Oscar Espinosa Chepe, one of the freed dissidents, viewed the recent releases as a positive move by acting President Raul Castro, who has been in charge of Cuba since Fidel Castro fell ill in July 2006. Fidel Castro has not made any public appearances since then. According to Espinosa Chepe, the Cuban government's decision to release the dissidents reflects a rational approach and signifies a desire for change within reformist circles. "It demonstrates a shift in the current atmosphere and will be advantageous for that shift," he stated. Another dissident, Manuel Cuesta Morua, mentioned that Raul Castro's government was reacting to international requests for increased respect for human rights in Cuba. The recent releases indicate that Spain's strategy of engaging in dialogue with Cuba's communist government, supported by the European Union, is yielding positive outcomes, according to Morua. The Cuban Commission for Human Rights, the main rights organization in Cuba, reported that there were 234 political prisoners in Cuba at the end of 2007, a decrease from 283 the previous year, suggesting a decline in the number of Cubans imprisoned for political reasons since Raul Castro assumed power. Last August, Francisco Chaviano Gonzalez, a former math professor and rights activist who had been imprisoned for over 13 years, was released, marking Cuba's longest-serving political prisoner. Morua mentioned that additional releases can be anticipated as Havana gets ready to sign the U.N. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and a comparable agreement on economic and social rights by the following month. This commitment would require Cuba to permit regular U.N. oversight of its human rights performance starting in 2009. The Cuban government prohibits the International Red Cross from entering its prisons. It refutes detaining any political prisoners and refers to dissidents as "counter-revolutionary mercenaries" funded by its adversary, the United States. | 2 |
According to sources, the program known as "Countering Violent Extremism" (CVE) is set to be rebranded as "Countering Islamic Extremism" or "Countering Radical Islamic Extremism." This change would align with President Trump's campaign rhetoric and criticism of former President Obama for not using the term "radical Islam" in reference to groups like the Islamic State. The CVE program, which aims to prevent attacks through community partnerships and counter-messaging campaigns, has been effective in targeting various extremist groups, including white supremacists. However, some supporters of the program are concerned that the rebranding could hinder trust with Muslim communities, especially following Trump's recent executive order on travel restrictions from predominantly Muslim countries. The CVE program, which targets US residents and is distinct from a military effort to combat extremism online, has faced criticism for being ineffective. A source who has collaborated closely with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) on the program revealed that members of the Trump transition team proposed changing the name and focus of the program during a meeting with a CVE task force in December. At a recent meeting attended by senior staff for DHS Secretary John Kelly, government employees were questioned about their selection of community organizations to receive grants from the CVE program. Despite Congress appropriating funding for CVE and grant recipients being notified during the final days of the Obama administration, the money may not be distributed as Kelly is currently reviewing the situation. The department declined to comment on the matter. The White House did not provide a comment in response to a request. The program has been criticized by some Republicans in Congress who believe it is politically correct and ineffective. They argue that focusing on "radical Islam" as the cause of violent attacks would improve deterrence efforts. However, others believe that labeling the issue as "radical Islam" would alienate the peaceful Muslim community. Many community groups have also expressed concerns that the program could be used for surveillance by law enforcement. Hoda Hawa, from the Muslim Public Affairs Council, was informed by sources within the Department of Homeland Security that there is a plan to shift the focus of the CVE effort from all forms of violent ideology to specifically Islamist extremism. "That is a cause for concern for us because they are singling out a religious group and subjecting it to suspicion," she stated. Another individual familiar with the situation was informed last week by a DHS official that a name change was in the works. Three other sources, who wished to remain anonymous, mentioned that such plans had been talked about but it was unclear if they had been finalized. During the Obama administration, efforts were made to build relationships with community organizations to involve them in the fight against terrorism. In 2016, Congress allocated $10 million in grants for CVE efforts and DHS awarded the initial grants on Jan. 13, just a week before Trump took office. Approved entities include local governments, city police departments, universities, and non-profit organizations. Grants were also awarded to groups working to combat Islamic State recruitment, such as Life After Hate, which helps former neo-Nazis and domestic extremists. Recent violent incidents, including a white supremacist attack in Charleston and Islamist militant attacks in California, Florida, and New York, have highlighted the need for this funding. One organization, Leaders Advancing & Helping Communities, declined a $500,000 grant from the DHS, according to an email seen by Reuters. The email, sent last Thursday, stated that LAHC has decided to reject the award due to the current political situation and reasons for worry. This decision was made before Trump's immigration order was announced, which was criticized for discriminating against Muslims. The White House defended the order as a means to safeguard Americans from potential terrorist threats posed by foreign nationals. | 2 |
Mark Zuckerberg, the CEO of Facebook, announced during a livestreamed staff meeting on his Facebook page that within the next ten years, up to half of the company's 48,000 employees may be working from home. He stated that the COVID pandemic has significantly changed the way people work, and he expects remote work to become increasingly popular in the future. This decision by Facebook, the first of its kind among major tech companies, marks a significant departure from the traditional office-centric culture of the tech industry. By offering perks like shuttle buses and free meals to keep employees in the office, tech companies have historically discouraged working from home. If other large companies follow Facebook's lead, there could be a shift in tech employment away from expensive hubs like Silicon Valley, Seattle, and New York. The ability to work remotely may encourage tech workers who feel their high salaries are not enough to afford homes in San Francisco or San Jose to explore living in other regions of the country. Mark Zuckerberg's announcement about remote work follows similar decisions by Twitter and Square, both led by Jack Dorsey. Dorsey recently stated that employees at his companies can work from home indefinitely. Google has allowed employees to work from home until the end of the year, but has not made any permanent arrangements. It appears that remote work is gaining popularity among technology professionals. After Dorsey's announcement, there was a significant increase in Google searches for "Twitter jobs" according to Google Trends. Aaron Levie, the CEO of Box, a business technology company, stated on Twitter that the current emphasis on remote work is as transformative for the tech industry's future as the iPhone launch over a decade ago. Tech executives have long valued face-to-face communication as a key driver of creativity in developing successful products. They have constructed large campuses, such as the elaborate offices of Apple, Google, and Facebook in Silicon Valley, and the new Amazon headquarters in Seattle, to support this belief. Even before the pandemic, major tech companies were already looking to expand beyond their main offices, following in the footsteps of older companies like Intel. Amazon plans to open a second headquarters in Virginia, a move that may be expedited due to the coronavirus pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, there was much discussion about bringing people to work sites and creating affordable housing in the tech sector. According to Robert Silverman, a professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo, this shift is a natural progression. The exodus of employees from major urban tech hubs, along with layoffs, could have significant local effects. For instance, housing costs in the Bay Area have decreased since the start of the pandemic, as reported by rental firm Zumper. Rent prices in San Francisco decreased by 7% in April, while in Menlo Park, where Facebook is headquartered, they dropped by 15%. Mark Zuckerberg has had concerns about the productivity of employees working remotely for a long time. Facebook used to offer cash bonuses to employees who lived within 10 miles of its main campus. In 2018, Facebook expanded its headquarters with new offices designed by Frank Gehry, including a large roof garden with over 200 trees. Recently, Facebook began moving into a 43-story office building it had leased in San Francisco, and there are talks of a significant office expansion in New York as well. In March, the coronavirus lockdown necessitated companies to have their employees work from home. Some tech companies, like Facebook, cleared out their offices even before local shelter-in-place orders were issued. Executives are now realizing that their remote workers have been more successful than anticipated. Zuckerberg noted that employees have maintained their focus while working from home. Facebook plans to start by permitting new senior engineers to work remotely, followed by current employees who can request permission to work from home if they have received positive performance evaluations. Beginning in January, Facebook will adjust employee compensation based on the cost of living in the areas where employees decide to reside. Facebook will verify employees' locations by monitoring where they access internal systems from. Zuckerberg believes this change will bring more advantages than disadvantages for the company. By enabling remote work, Facebook can enhance recruitment efforts, retain top talent, decrease the environmental impact of commuting, and increase the diversity of its workforce. Currently, Facebook, Square, and Twitter are leading the way in this initiative compared to others in the industry. Their work is primarily carried out through software code, which can be managed remotely. In contrast, Apple has many employees who are hardware engineers and must be present in the company's lab due to the strict secrecy surrounding its products. Apple's CEO, Tim Cook, announced in April that the main office in Silicon Valley would remain closed until at least June, with no further updates provided. Startups may also struggle with managing a remote workforce, as Silicon Valley offers a vast talent pool from which they typically draw their employees, despite the potential cost savings of allowing workers to reside in the Midwest. Many venture capitalists, primarily located in Silicon Valley and San Francisco, prefer the companies they invest in to be in close proximity. Snap, the company behind Snapchat based in Los Angeles, is allowing employees to work from home until September. Snap's CEO, Evan Spiegel, stated that he is continuously evaluating the situation and taking advice from health authorities on when to resume office operations. Spiegel emphasized the importance of flexibility in a rapidly changing environment, despite the pressure to provide definitive statements as a leader. | 2 |
President Barack Obama responded to critics on Thursday who claim he has not accomplished much during his nine months in office, stating that he is just getting started. He has faced criticism from both liberals and conservatives recently, with some pushing for more action on issues like gay rights and others questioning his handling of the decision on sending more troops to Afghanistan. A skit on NBC's "Saturday Night Live" highlighted these criticisms, with an actor portraying Obama joking about his perceived lack of progress. Criticism has been mounting over the past year with some commentators even questioning the timing of Obama receiving the Nobel Peace Prize. Despite this, Obama remains optimistic about his efforts in improving the US economy and healthcare system. He acknowledges that his work is not easy and dismisses unrealistic expectations from some reporters. He asked why everyone hadn't done it yet, despite it being nine months since he mentioned it. He acknowledged that he never claimed it would be easy and reminded the crowd of what he had said during the campaign. I mentioned that change can be difficult, especially when it is a significant change. Obama seemed to be addressing Republicans who were against Democratic healthcare plans, accusing them of hindering progress. He assured that he was just at the beginning of his plans, despite facing criticism. The town-hall meeting highlighted the political divide in America, with some in the crowd booing when Democratic Obama introduced Republican Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal. Obama then praised Jindal as a dedicated politician. At the end of the event, a young boy named Terence Scott asked Obama why people hate him, to which Obama responded by pointing out that he did receive a lot of votes when he was elected president. Obama commented that if you have been watching television recently, it appears that everyone is constantly angry. He attributed this to political climate and Americans' worries about job loss and healthcare. He acknowledged that when times are difficult, some blame is inevitable, but he stated that he can handle it. | 2 |
According to Richard Lord, an expert in insurance claims who observed Oxfam's mock climate tribunal, insurance companies have the potential to encourage more environmentally friendly behavior. Lord, who has specialized in insurance claims for over two decades, noted that industries are often more proactive in addressing climate change compared to governments. He emphasized that industries are more aware of the issue and have taken more responsible actions, driven in part by pressure from their shareholders. Activists and regulators are exerting pressure on insurance companies, according to Lord, a lawyer at Brick Court Chambers in London. He stated that insurance companies are taking this matter seriously due to the potential risks involved, particularly in light of his recent work settling claims for victims of Hurricane Katrina. Lord stated that insurance companies are actively interested in comprehending the risks associated with climate change and litigation so that they can fully grasp the consequences. For example, if a homeowner has to pay higher insurance premiums for a house located in a flood-prone area, they are more likely to question the rationale behind it. Lord explained that insurance companies gather detailed information to better understand the risks, which can impact people's behavior. He also highlighted that the insurance industry, being larger than oil, gas, or other typically large sectors, could have a significant influence globally. In fact, he emphasized that the economic power of insurers plays a crucial role in a wide range of commercial activities. The commercial litigator, who was observing a tribunal, hesitated to comment on the issue because he was not familiar with Bangladesh laws. He emphasized that he was not an environmental or human rights lawyer and mentioned that litigation was a blunt tool to address climate change. However, he noted that as the problem worsens and awareness of its consequences grows, people will find new ways to tackle climate change. He found it intriguing that atmospheric trust litigation, which is still in its early stages, draws on ancient principles that have been traditionally used to protect natural assets like water. Lord stated that he was not aware of any instances of climate litigation. He noted that many countries include the right to a clean environment in their constitutions either directly or indirectly through human rights. Lord pointed out that while the issues in Bangladesh are emotionally moving, they lack compelling evidence based on scientific research to establish cause and effect. Therefore, he explained that turning a mock tribunal into a real one raises complex issues. He mentioned that the hypothetical defendant, such as the Bangladesh government, could argue that they are already taking sufficient measures to combat climate change, pointing to their low carbon footprint of 200 kilograms per person compared to 8600 kilograms for each British citizen. Conversely, in a legal dispute between nations, the defendant, likely a developed country, could deflect any historical blame by claiming they have developed in a similar way to Bangladesh. He expressed doubt about Bangladesh being able to directly sue a country like the United States. As a result, people have been taking indirect approaches to address climate change, such as blocking permits, filing injunctions, or requesting environmental impact assessments for certain entities, which are also leading to positive changes. | 2 |
Startup Yatri Motorcycles is introducing sleek e-motorbikes in Nepal in an effort to encourage the switch to electric vehicles, reduce pollution, save money, decrease petrol imports, and help the country achieve its climate goals. Founder Ashim Pandey believes that battery technology will soon make internal combustion engines obsolete. Many countries are also focusing on developing affordable, low-emission vehicles to combat global warming, with some planning to ban the sale of new fossil fuel-powered cars. Despite its pledge in the 2015 Paris Agreement, Nepal currently only has 1% electric vehicles, far below its target of 20% by 2020. Nepal has a low carbon footprint on a global scale due to its extensive forest cover and reliance on hydropower for electricity. However, emissions are increasing due to a rise in petrol and diesel vehicle imports and fossil fuel consumption. The government aims to transition to e-vehicles by offering incentives such as reduced taxes and customs duties on imports and more charging stations. Despite a commitment to have e-vehicles account for 90% of private passenger vehicle sales by 2030, progress has been slow. Currently, there are approximately 700 electric cars, 5,000 electric scooters, and 40,000 electric rickshaws in Nepal according to the Electric Vehicle Association of Nepal. Yatri Motorcycles, a world-class company established in 2017, aims to create top-quality electric vehicles in Nepal. Founder Pandey expressed the company's goal of expanding into international markets and moving beyond Nepal's traditional exports to cutting-edge technology. With a background in aerospace engineering and experience designing hydrogen-powered race cars, Pandey launched Project Zero in 2019, a high-end electric motorbike with advanced features such as a digital dashboard, 4G connectivity, keyless start, a range of 240km, and a maximum speed of 140km/h that recharges in just two hours. Most two-wheelers on the market, particularly those made in China and India, are easily surpassed by this new electric vehicle in terms of range and speed. Despite costing almost 2,000,000 Nepalese rupees ($16,797) - nearly seven times the price of a petrol motorbike - this new vehicle has received significant interest, with 50 orders for the more affordable model, Project One, within a week of its launch in April. The company plans to lower the initial price as production scales up and is confident in meeting its sales goal of 200 units for 2021. Motorcycles are seen as a key factor in the transition to electric vehicles in Nepal, as they make up 80% of the country's registered vehicles and offer commuters a more affordable and efficient alternative to the crowded and chaotic public bus system. E-motorbikes alone are not enough to reduce carbon emissions in Nepal's transportation sector. According to 2011 government data, the top three emitters in the country are trucks at 29%, cars and vans at 26%, and buses at 19%, with two-wheelers accounting for 8%. Yatri's long-term objective is to introduce e-vans and e-buses for fleet operators by the end of the decade. "In order to address the challenges of modern cities, we must first tackle the issue of limited space," he explained. Yatri believes that a reliable, comfortable, and attractive public transportation system is key to solving the problem of urban mobility in modern cities. Nepal has a history of trying out e-vehicles, such as trolleybuses from China in the 1970s and Safa Tempos from the United States in the 1990s. However, the electric buses failed due to mismanagement and the Safa Tempos lost out to diesel vehicles because of their inefficient batteries. The government plans to reintroduce electric vehicles by purchasing 300 electric buses. A major challenge in increasing e-vehicle sales is the need for more charging stations, according to Manish Pandey, a popular YouTuber who travels around the country by motorbike. Pandey had planned to film a long-distance trip on an e-scooter six months ago but ultimately had to cancel the trip. He stated that due to the lack of charging stations along the route and the limited range of electric vehicles, he was unable to finish the journey. He mentioned that, given the current availability of charging stations, he would not opt for an electric motorbike. Additionally, he highlighted the expensive cost of electric vehicles as a significant barrier in persuading regular motorcyclists to switch to environmentally friendly options. He also noted that in a country like Nepal, where there is low environmental awareness and people prioritize price over environmental benefits, convincing customers to choose eco-friendly technology is challenging. | 2 |
South Africa has called on Zimbabwe to uphold the rule of law and protect the rights of opposition leaders following international outrage over the treatment of detained opposition figures. Deputy Foreign Minister Aziz Pahad expressed concern over the situation in Zimbabwe and urged the government to respect the rights of all Zimbabweans and political leaders. South Africa also encouraged opposition leaders to work towards creating a conducive environment for addressing the challenges faced by the people of Zimbabwe. Despite longstanding "quiet diplomacy" towards President Robert Mugabe, South Africa emphasized the importance of upholding human rights and addressing economic issues in Zimbabwe. Morgan Tsvangirai, the leader of the Opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), was among several individuals who were arrested on Sunday for trying to protest against Mugabe's leadership. Tsvangirai and the others went to court on Tuesday but were quickly taken to the hospital to receive treatment for injuries reportedly obtained while in police custody. Pahad stated that South Africa would keep collaborating with all parties in Zimbabwe in order to achieve the goal of fostering dialogue among all political groups. | 2 |
India should prohibit the use of incandescent light bulbs and switch to more energy-efficient lighting options, according to environmental group Greenpeace. This move could reduce the nation's greenhouse gas emissions by four percent. Currently, India is one of the top five polluters in the world, alongside the United States, China, Russia, and Japan, and its carbon emissions are expected to increase significantly due to rapid economic growth. Greenpeace's climate change campaigner, K. Srinivas, emphasized the importance of India becoming more energy efficient in light of its growing population and ambitious economic goals. One method to achieve this is by swapping incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lights (CFLs), which consume less energy and can reduce emissions by four percent. Scientists warn that if greenhouse gas emissions are not controlled, global temperatures could increase by 1.8 to 4.0 degrees Celsius (3.2 to 7.8 Fahrenheit) in the 21st century. The Indian subcontinent is predicted to be heavily impacted by global warming, leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters like floods and droughts, increased disease, and higher rates of hunger. Even though CFLs are more expensive than traditional incandescent bulbs, they use 80 percent less energy and can save households and industries money. Lighting accounts for about 20 percent of electricity consumption in India, and switching to CFLs could help address the country's growing energy demands. Australia made headlines in February by declaring it would become the first country to outlaw light bulbs, with plans to gradually eliminate them over a three-year period. Environmentalists have raised alarms about the potential health hazards posed by the mercury found in CFLs, warning that improper disposal could lead to serious consequences due to the heavy metal's toxic nature. Despite these concerns, the worldwide demand for CFLs is still relatively modest, representing just 10 percent of the global market for lighting. For instance, in India, the use of incandescent light bulbs far surpasses that of CFLs, with 640 million incandescent bulbs in use compared to just 12 million CFLs, according to Greenpeace. | 2 |
Despite significant economic reform and a willingness to embrace social change, the party in Vietnam does not tolerate criticism. Since being re-elected in 2016, its leader Nguyen Phu Trong has cracked down on dissidents and activists. According to a spokesman for Amnesty, at least 16 people have been arrested, detained, or convicted this year for posting anti-government content on Facebook. Another 12 political prisoners are also currently serving time on similar charges. One activist, Pham Van Diep, was sentenced to nine years in prison for spreading false information that defamed the Communist Party and the Vietnamese government. The Vietnam News Agency reported that he also shared fake news about government policies, leading to misunderstandings among Facebook users and residents. The posts were published between April 2014 and June 2019, and he was sentenced to 21 months in prison in Laos for sharing anti-Vietnamese literature there in 2016. Diep is the third person to be imprisoned this month, following a music teacher who was sentenced to 11 years on Nov. 15 for similar anti-state posts on Facebook, and a 38-year-old man who was jailed for streaming 33 live video sessions that aimed to incite protests during national holidays, according to a court. In late last month, a 54-year-old architect was imprisoned for a year for similar allegations of anti-government posts on Facebook. Facebook is widely used in Vietnam as the primary platform for both e-commerce and political dissent. It was reported in May that there was a significant increase in the amount of content restricted in Vietnam compared to the last half of 2018. Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have called on Hanoi to stop cracking down on an independent publisher and criticized restrictions on freedom of speech that result in individuals being arrested and imprisoned for expressing their views. The groups stated that this crackdown has intensified the atmosphere of fear in Vietnam. | 2 |
The Venerable Ambalangoda Sumedhananda Thero, the abbot, showed little reaction to the explosion as he dismissed the mosquitoes in the night air of Gintota, a town in southern Sri Lanka. He continued to express his strong opinions, claiming that Muslims were violent and greedy, with the goal of taking control of all valuable land. He cited examples of Buddhist lands like Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, and Indonesia that he believed had been ruined by Islam. Shortly after, a member of the monastery entered to report that a Molotov cocktail had been thrown at a mosque nearby. The abbot waved his hand and dismissed the idea of being concerned about the Muslim minority in Sri Lanka, as his main focus was on the Buddhist majority. A demonstration supporting Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's actions in Myanmar was organized by a Buddhist monk, highlighting how Buddhists are now portraying themselves as spiritual warriors defending their faith against external threats. Motivated by influential charismatic monks like Sumedhananda Thero, Buddhists have embraced a militant tribalism, positioning themselves as spiritual defenders tasked with protecting their faith from external threats. In countries like Sri Lanka and Myanmar, where Buddhists make up the majority, some followers, particularly those adhering to the Theravada tradition, feel a growing sense of insecurity, fearing a perceived existential danger from radical elements within Islam. As Buddhism and Islam come into conflict, some Buddhists are straying from the peaceful principles of their faith. In recent years, there have been violent assaults by Buddhist groups on minority Muslim communities. Buddhist nationalist leaders are leveraging the influence of extremist monks to gain backing. According to Mohammed Naseer, the imam of the Hillur Mosque in Gintota, Sri Lanka, which was targeted by Buddhist mobs in 2017, there has been a noticeable increase in animosity towards Muslims within the Buddhist community. "But where can we possibly go? This is our place of residence." Recently in Sri Lanka, a prominent Buddhist monk staged a hunger strike that led to the resignation of all nine Muslim ministers in the government. The monk insinuated that Muslim politicians were involved in the Easter Sunday attacks carried out by Islamic State-affiliated militants on churches and hotels in Sri Lanka, resulting in the deaths of over 250 individuals. Monks are seen praying in the Bengala monastery in Yangon, Myanmar, on October 4, 2017. Encouraged by a politically influential group of persuasive monks, Buddhists have embraced a more aggressive tribalism, positioning themselves as spiritual defenders who must protect their faith from external threats. In Myanmar, a majority Muslim population has been forced to flee due to ethnic cleansing, yet Buddhist monks continue to warn of an Islamic invasion, despite Muslims making up less than 5% of the population. During Ramadan celebrations in May, Buddhist mobs attacked Islamic prayer halls, causing Muslim worshippers to flee. Influenced by a powerful network of charismatic monks, Buddhists have adopted a militant tribalism mentality, seeing themselves as spiritual warriors defending their faith. Despite Buddhism's peaceful image, the religion is now associated with sectarian aggression in Myanmar. However, no single religion can claim to have a monopoly on promoting peace. Even Buddhists have been known to engage in acts of violence. According to anthropologist Mikael Gravers from Aarhus University in Denmark, while Buddhist monks may denounce violence, they also believe in defending Buddhism and Buddhist states by any means necessary. This was evident in Myanmar when thousands gathered in Yangon to hear Ashin Wirathu, a Buddhist monk known for hate speech, praise the nation's army. This event took place amidst a crisis where over 700,000 Rohingya refugees fled Myanmar for Bangladesh since August 2017. The army and its allies carried out a campaign of ethnic cleansing, with Buddhist mobs and security forces committing atrocities against Rohingya Muslims, including slaughter, rape, and the destruction of their villages. Ashin Wirathu has rejected the peaceful teachings of his religion and praised military-linked lawmakers, stating that only the military can protect the country and religion. He criticized the International Criminal Court for pursuing a case against Myanmar's military for their persecution of the Rohingya. In a photo from November 18, 2017, a Sri Lankan Buddhist is seen bowing in front of Sitagu Sayadaw, a highly respected Buddhist leader in Myanmar. Encouraged by a politically influential group of charismatic monks, Buddhists have transitioned into a time of aggressive tribalism, viewing themselves as spiritual soldiers tasked with protecting their religion from external threats. In an interview with The New York Times, Ashin Wirathu made a shocking declaration, stating that he would take up arms if the ICC were to intervene. In a photo from November 18, 2017, a Sri Lankan Buddhist shows reverence to Sitagu Sayadaw, a highly respected Buddhist leader from Myanmar, in Delgoda, Sri Lanka. Monks like Ashin Wirathu are part of the extremist edge of Buddhist nationalism, but there are also more respected clerics involved. The 82-year-old Venerable Ashin Nyanissara, also known as Sitagu Sayadaw, is Myanmar's most influential monk. Despite hundreds of thousands of Rohingya fleeing their burning homes, Sitagu Sayadaw stated in front of army officers that "Muslims have almost bought the United Nations," emphasizing the close connection between the army and the monkhood. He was recently pictured with soldiers on a Facebook page linked to the Myanmar military, showing his support for the national cause by providing spiritual soldiers. He informed Myanmar's armed forces commander that there are more than 400,000 monks in Myanmar, and if needed, he could instruct them to take action. Khin Mar Mar Kyi, a social anthropologist from Myanmar at the University of Oxford, mentioned that when Sitagu Sayadaw speaks, people pay attention, even if his words are divisive. His statements can incite hatred. Following the Easter Sunday attacks in Sri Lanka by Islamic State-linked suicide bombers, Buddhist nationalists in Sri Lanka felt validated, believing their warnings about the threat of Muslim extremists had been proven true. Dilanthe Withanage, a senior official for Bodu Bala Sena, Sri Lanka's largest Buddhist nationalist organization, stated that they had been cautioning about this danger for years. Withanage accused the government of having blood on their hands due to their neglect of the radicalization of Islam. Following a period of moderate coalition rule, a resurgence of faith and tribalism is emerging in Sri Lanka. Gotabaya Rajapaksa, a former defense chief and top presidential candidate in the upcoming elections, is leading this movement. Rajapaksa has promised to safeguard the country's Buddhist heritage and is focused on rebuilding Sri Lanka's security apparatus established during the lengthy civil war with the Tamil minority. From 2005 to 2015, Sri Lanka was under the leadership of Mahinda Rajapaksa, the brother of Rajapaksa, who was known for his nationalist views and justification of the brutal end to the civil war by presenting himself as the country's spiritual savior. During this time, temples displayed images of the Rajapaksa brothers, money was directed towards extremist Buddhist groups that incited violence against Muslims, and prime land in Colombo was given to one of the founders of Bodu Bala Sena for a Buddhist cultural center. Additionally, the national telecom service included Bodu Bala Sena's theme song in its collection of ringtones. Last year, Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara Thero, the leader of Bodu Bala Sena, was sentenced to six years in prison. However, in late May, he was granted a presidential pardon due to a shifting political landscape. Over the weekend, he led a gathering of numerous monks who are determined to have an impact in the upcoming elections. Prior to his incarceration last year, Gnanasara Thero framed his campaign within a historical perspective, stating, "We have been the protectors of Buddhism for 2,500 years." "It is now our responsibility, as well as the responsibility of monks in Myanmar, to defend our tranquil island from Islam." (©2019 New York Times News Service) | 2 |
In 2016, Freeport-McMoRan, a mining company based in Arizona, made a deal to sell a site in Congo that is crucial to China's control over the global cobalt supply. Cobalt is essential for electric car batteries and transitioning away from fossil fuels. Perriello, a US diplomat in Africa at the time, raised concerns in the State Department about the deal. Kapanga, the Congolese general manager of the mine, pleaded with the American ambassador in Congo to intervene, warning that the deal was a mistake and risking the strong relationships built over generations in Congo, a major source of cobalt. Starting with Dwight D Eisenhower, presidents had provided significant financial assistance, including military equipment, to the mineral-rich nation. Richard Nixon and the State Department under Hillary Clinton also played a role in maintaining this relationship. Freeport-McMoRan had invested billions before selling the mine to a Chinese company. The Chinese purchase of Tenke Fungurume mine occurred during the Obama administration, and four years later, the same company, China Molybdenum, purchased an even larger cobalt reserve during the end of the Trump presidency. China has taken the lead over the United States in dominating the auto industry's electrification race by pursuing Congo's cobalt wealth through a disciplined strategy. The New York Times investigation uncovered a hidden history of cobalt acquisitions, revealing that the United States essentially handed over the resources to China without safeguarding decades of diplomatic and financial investments in Congo. Perriello, who has since left government, was made aware of the plan to sell Tenke Fungurume in 2016 after visiting the mine and learning about the owner's questionable reputation in other countries. Despite this, he believed that American ownership of the mine would benefit both the United States and the people of Congo. Freeport-McMoRan received positive feedback for their operations in Congo, where they employed many locals, built schools and clinics, and provided clean water. Perriello tried to keep the mine under American control by discussing it with Linda Thomas-Greenfield, who was an assistant secretary of state at the time. However, only Chinese companies were serious bidders, highlighting the importance of taking action. In an interview, Kathleen L Quirk, the president of Freeport-McMoRan, stated that they were able to move swiftly and more quickly than anyone else, which allowed them to successfully complete the deal. Freeport-McMoRan had been determined to sell due to a bad investment in the oil and gas industry, resulting in accumulating debt. The company had no choice but to sell its Congo operations. The American response to the transaction was primarily financial in nature. The country lacks oversight of American companies' transactions abroad, which has exposed significant blind spots of US leaders. According to previously unreported documents, emails, and interviews with various individuals, the Chinese government excels at exploiting such opportunities. In the past year, as the clean energy transition has picked up pace, the US government and private sector have been working to recover from past mistakes by seeking new cobalt supplies and using cobalt-free batteries in some electric cars. However, these efforts pale in comparison to Chinese attempts to control critical resources like cobalt and lithium for a green future. In 1970, Nixon played Cold War Gamesmanship outside the White House with the first lady. President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire, now Congo, was preparing for a visit. It had been ten years since Congo gained independence from Belgium, and as the leader of a country rich in natural resources, Mobutu held significant global influence. He not only controlled these resources but also played a crucial role as a mediator for the United States in preventing the Soviet Union from expanding its influence in Africa. Access to minerals and metals in Congo had been a major priority for the United States since World War II, with Albert Einstein even writing to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1939 recommending the stockpiling of Congolese uranium for the development of atomic bombs. By the mid-1960s, the CIA had established a large operation in the country, funding mercenaries and Congolese troops to suppress rebels with the help of US warplanes. Mobutu, who would later become a corrupt dictator, saw the Americans as a valuable partner in developing the country's mining wealth. He reached out to Maurice Tempelsman, a New York diamond merchant, to discuss mining rights in Tenke Fungurume. However, just before his trip to Washington in August 1970, Mobutu unexpectedly announced that he had chosen a Belgian company to develop the mine. Washington went into emergency mode to reclaim the concession, and was extremely generous. Herman J Cohen, an American diplomat in Congo, remembered Nixon instructing his administration to give Mobutu whatever he wanted. Hundreds of millions of dollars in US aid had already been sent to Mobutu, and Nixon now decided to provide him with several C-130 transport planes. The situation escalated at a formal dinner for Mobutu at the White House, according to Cohen. After eating, Tempelsman took Mobutu on a private boat trip on the Potomac. Soon after, news arrived that the Americans would be receiving the mining concession. Mark Mollison, a mining engineer from New York City, went to southeastern Congo to visit Tenke Fungurume, which was now an abandoned construction site. Mollison was surprised by what he saw. He observed hilltops that had patches of land without vegetation where copper and cobalt were visible. Mollison remembered that the ore was much more valuable than what they were previously mining in Arizona. In the late 1990s, Mollison was part of a new group of mining executives who had come to take over from the Tempelsman group, which had left two decades earlier after facing obstacles that led to them spending $250 million before pulling out. These obstacles included rebels who disrupted transportation of the cobalt and copper to the sea by shutting down a crucial railroad. Kissinger, the secretary of state, helped draft a cable in January 1976 to apologize to the Congolese government for the project being put on hold, expressing deep regret on behalf of the United States. Many years after Mobutu was ousted, interest in the region was sparked again when rebel leader Laurent-Désiré Kabila seized valuable land near Tenke and Fungurume, the towns that the mine was named after. This led to a surge in interest from Western mining executives and Wall Street bankers, who gathered in the region to secure financial commitments for mining access from Kabila's representatives. One banker summarized Kabila's perspective in a memo as "Rules of the game: you give and I give." Lundin Group, a Canadian mining company, was so determined to finalize a deal that it agreed to give $50 million to the rebels. When Mollison arrived several months later, his task was to assess whether his company, now known as Freeport-McMoRan, should partner with Lundin to complete Tempelsman's work at Tenke Fungurume. Freeport-McMoRan later touted this project as the largest private investment in Congo. Mollison wondered what the area would require, mentioning electric power as a necessity. There was a significant amount of infrastructure, including roads and ample water supply, at the mine. Freeport-McMoRan acquired a majority stake of 57.75%, Lundin held 24.75%, and Gécamines retained 17.5%. Despite a civil war in Congo in 2007, the project began operating at full capacity by the end of the year. Freeport-McMoRan engaged in a period of extensive construction, including building a highway to facilitate the export of cobalt and copper in Africa and investing $215 million in upgrading a hydroelectric plant. This development was highly regarded by Pierrot Kitobo Sambisaya, a former metallurgist at the mine, who described it as very impressive. As a result, Freeport-McMoRan established itself as one of the most advanced and efficient cobalt and copper mines globally. Freeport-McMoRan made a significant mistake by investing in fossil fuels instead of focusing on mining, which resulted in the company accumulating a large amount of debt. Despite feeling regretful, CEO Richard Adkerson announced in May 2016 that the company would sell Tenke Fungurume to alleviate some of its financial burdens. China Molybdenum emerged as the top bidder, offering $2.65 billion for the asset. The executives at the mine, including Kapanga, who had experience as a Congolese presidential adviser and diplomat, were troubled by the news. Kapanga expressed his concerns to the American ambassador, James Swan, stating that Tenke Fungurume was a valuable asset that the United States should not let go of. Swan declined to comment on the matter when contacted by The New York Times. At that time, American diplomats in Congo were focused on persuading President Joseph Kabila to step down from office. He assumed power after his father was killed in 2001 and proceeded to steal millions of dollars from the public treasury over the next 15 years. The sale of Tenke Fungurume was finalized in November 2016, but it received limited coverage in the United States, mainly in financial news outlets. President Donald Trump's administration showed interest in countering China's control over mineral resources early on, with reports on cobalt and the risk of supply shortages, including the sale of Tenke Fungurume. Despite this, history repeated itself as Freeport-McMoRan continued to own an undeveloped site with a significant cobalt source. The US government showed minimal reaction when the company announced its intention to sell the site, known as Kisanfu, late last year. According to Nazak Nikakhtar, former Commerce Department assistant secretary, there was a lack of discussion about the sale, which eventually went through to China Molybdenum for $550 million just before Trump's term ended. The final significant American investment in Congo's cobalt and copper mines disappeared as a result. © 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Police took Disha Ravi from her home in Bengaluru to Delhi for questioning regarding her involvement in sharing a document during the protests near the Indian capital. A Delhi police source stated that Ravi had been arrested as part of a sedition case related to the "toolkit" for supporting farmers. Sedition is punishable by life imprisonment in India. Following a court order on Sunday, Ravi was placed in custody for five days, sparking criticism on social media and from farm unions. Shashi Tharoor, a member of parliament from the Congress party, described Ravi's arrest as a further step in India's crackdown on freedom of speech and political dissent amidst the ongoing farmers' protests. Ravi was not able to be contacted while in custody, and her family was not immediately available for comment. Police have been cracking down on farmer protests near Delhi, especially after the incident at the Red Fort last month. Activists across the country planned protests in response to Ravi's detention, with the hashtag #IndiabeingSilenced trending on Twitter. Ravi is a leader of the Indian branch of Thunberg's Fridays for Future movement, which aims to address climate change. Thunberg had shared a "toolkit" for supporting the farmers, created by those participating in the protests. The farm reform protests have gained global backing, with singer Rihanna and activist Meena Harris, the niece of US Vice-President Kamala Harris, bringing attention to the ongoing campaign. Meena Harris recently highlighted Ravi's arrest and shared a Twitter thread about activists facing persecution in India. The Indian government argues that the reforms aim to update the country's outdated agriculture markets and accuses external forces of misleading the farmers. | 2 |
The election serves as a significant test of the junta under Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, who has limited political activities since taking power in a coup in 2014. Polls indicated a slight lead in favor of adopting the new constitution, but most voters were undecided. Polling stations closed at 1600 local time (0500 ET). Preliminary results, based on 95 percent of the votes, are expected around 2100 local time (1000 ET). Supachai Somcharoen, the Election Commission chairman, stated that voting was orderly in all regions after polls closed. The junta claims that the constitution is intended to address over a decade of divisive politics in Thailand, which has hindered economic growth and resulted in numerous deaths from civil unrest. Critics, including major political parties, argue that the constitution is actually meant to solidify the military's influence in politics for the foreseeable future. Prayuth has stated that he will not step down if the constitution is rejected by Thailand, and that an election will still be held next year regardless of the outcome. He encouraged all citizens to participate in the voting process to determine the country's future. Approximately 200,000 police officers were deployed for the election. Boonyakiat Rakchartcharoen, deputy secretary-general of the Election Commission, stated that out of 21 cases of voters tearing ballot papers, some were intentional while others were accidental. In the northeastern province of Chaiyaphum, two students were arrested for distributing leaflets urging voters to oppose the referendum. The junta, also known as the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), prohibited discussions about the constitution and campaigning before the vote. Numerous individuals, including politicians and student activists, have been arrested and charged for speaking out against the referendum. Jatuporn Prompan, leader of the anti-government United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship group, expressed that the referendum should not have taken place under such circumstances. Jatuporn told reporters that the Constitution Drafting Committee and NCPO are being criticized for conducting a referendum in a fearful atmosphere in the country. The vote is taking place at a time when there are concerns about the health of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who is 88 years old. The military has used its role as protector of the revered monarch to justify its involvement in politics for many years. Critics argue that the military's proposed constitution is an attempt to address their inability to completely remove former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and his populist policies from Thai politics following the 2006 coup. Despite living in exile, Thaksin still wields significant influence, especially among his rural supporters in the north. His sister, Yingluck, came into power easily through elections in 2011, but her government was overthrown in the 2014 coup led by Prayuth. In January 2015, Yingluck was banned from politics for five years due to allegations of mismanaging a rice scheme. Despite this, she was able to vote in the recent election and expressed her happiness at being able to exercise her rights. Thaksin criticized the new charter, calling it a mistake that would only strengthen the junta's power and hinder Thailand's governance. Interviews with military officials revealed their goal of using the new charter to prevent future coups by weakening political parties and giving the military a significant role in the country's economic and political affairs. The constitution, which would be Thailand's 20th since the military abolished an absolute monarchy in 1932, includes a junta-appointed Senate with seats reserved for military commanders to oversee elected lawmakers' powers. Farmer Thongyoon Khaenkhaomeng expressed his desire for the country to improve as he voted in favor of the constitution at a polling station in Khon Kaen. He hoped the constitution would help end Thailand's divisions. On the other hand, day laborer Decha Shangkamanee voted against the charter due to his dislike of the junta, but he did not believe the referendum would have a significant impact. Nearby, voters waited in line to cast their ballots at the rebuilt city hall, which had been burned down during political unrest in 2010. He stated that he is aware that there is no real change in the way the country is governed today. | 2 |
The red-brick secretariat in Kolkata, originally built over 200 years ago by the East India Company for trade purposes, is now occupied by Mamata Banerjee, the chief minister of West Bengal. She is seen as a major obstacle to economic reforms that would open up India's consumer markets to modern traders, with some viewing her as a hero who ended communist rule in the state and protects locals from the negative effects of globalisation. Supporters affectionately refer to her as "Didi" and believe she is leading West Bengal towards becoming an economic and cultural powerhouse and India's gateway to Southeast Asia. Despite a series of unpredictable actions, such as the arrest of an academic for sharing a joke email about her, critics now view her as a potential dictator. India Today magazine has labeled her the "Queen of Democrazy." Banerjee's widely mocked behavior and the dissatisfaction with her leadership in West Bengal may lead to the end of her popularity with voters. Additionally, she relies on the central government to help resolve West Bengal's debt crisis. These factors provide Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with an opportunity to outsmart someone who, despite being a coalition partner, has obstructed vital economic reforms. India's impressive economic growth has decreased in the past year, leading to larger current account and budget deficits. The central government's efforts to implement crisis-alleviating policies have been hindered by coalition partners, particularly Banerjee's Trinamool Congress party. An analyst noted that Banerjee may be changing her stance and becoming more cooperative in response to the situation. A weakened Banerjee could potentially make it easier for Singh's government, which has been dealing with declining popularity due to corruption scandals and high inflation, to implement reforms. Despite her humble beginnings as a poor teacher's daughter, Banerjee was recently recognized by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. During a visit from Hillary Clinton, Banerjee received praise for her political accomplishments and discussed potential US investment in Indian ports. However, Banerjee made it clear in an interview with Reuters that she remains steadfast in her opposition to foreign supermarkets like Wal-Mart operating in India. She mentioned that she supports private investment to generate employment in sectors like tourism and industrial projects, as well as in hospitals. However, she stated that she will always resist policies that result in job losses for farmers and small retailers. Dressed in a white saree, she expressed that there are limits to her actions and she cannot support measures that leave people unemployed. She also stated her opposition to increasing the prices of heavily subsidised fuel and rail fares. This stance is concerning for Prime Minister Singh, as his inability to control deficits and address the economic slowdown has damaged his reputation as the reformer who revitalized India's sluggish economy two decades ago. Banerjee, who holds significant influence over Singh's Congress party in parliament with her 19 MPs, stressed the importance of considering alternative solutions beyond just discussing price increases for the common people. Despite facing financial challenges in the state government due to high debt inherited from previous administrations, Banerjee is focused on developing business and securing additional funds. She is seeking a moratorium from the central government to address the state's financial crisis, while also maintaining a frugal lifestyle inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, refusing government salary, car, and residence perks. Despite her personal austerity, she has still managed to hire around 90,000 new teachers and police officers, even with the state's debts. The high cost of this decision has raised concerns, but her finance minister, Amit Mitra, believes it is minimal due to the low wages. Mitra, a former head of India's leading industry chamber, FICCI, mentioned that the state's tax revenue increased by 20 percent last year mainly due to stricter enforcement. Kolkata, formerly Calcutta, was once a thriving intellectual and industrial hub under British rule. Despite its past glory, the city now resembles Havana with its faded tropical charm and 1950s-style taxis. "We aim to bring back the former glory of this state," stated Banerjee, who has pledged to modernize the city to the level of London and has called on companies to assist, including in constructing a 'Kolkata Eye' to compete with the British capital's large ferris wheel. Despite criticism in the media, projects such as painting city bridges and buildings blue and installing ornamental street lights designed by Banerjee herself to enhance civic pride are considered cost-effective by officials. The construction of new flyovers to alleviate traffic congestion, an airport terminal, and the rise of middle-class apartments and office buildings indicate that change is underway. While efforts to attract private investment began before Banerjee took office, many are disappointed by the lack of improvement in the investment climate in West Bengal. Inspired by Bengali polymath Rabindranath Tagore, a Nobel literature laureate, Banerjee, who is also a painter and poet, has her own artistic inclinations. Critics point out a negative aspect of someone who does not seem to allow any opposition. Recently, she demonstrated her power by pressuring the prime minister to dismiss his railway minister, a member of her own party, after he announced in parliament that rail fares would increase. The former minister, Dinesh Trivedi, expressed surprise at being asked to leave after receiving approval for the fare hike from unions and economists, who considered it essential for modernizing the overcrowded and outdated railway infrastructure that is hindering economic growth. In April, Ambikesh Mahapatra, a 52-year-old chemistry professor, forwarded an email that mocked Banerjee's treatment of Trivedi. As a result, he was detained by the police on charges of 'cyber crimes'. Before his arrest, Mahapatra was confronted and physically assaulted by a group of around twenty people. Mahapatra expressed his surprise at being accused of a crime, stating to Reuters that he now feels fearful, particularly because of the government's lack of remorse. Mahapatra's approach caused a strong reaction. Banerjee, who was previously hospitalized for several months after being attacked by Communist thugs, was able to defeat the leftists in part by denouncing the political violence in West Bengal. Critics are now questioning if there has been any change. Dwaipayan Bhattacharyya from the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, remarked, "White and blue for the bridges, black and blue for the protesters," suggesting that this seems to be Banerjee's current approach. He also added, "She does not tolerate any form of dissent." Bhattacharyya stated that the educated middle classes, who had previously supported Banerjee's defeat of the left, have been alienated by her behavior. Banerjee denied accusations of being autocratic and attributed the campaign against her to the communists she had removed from power. She also claimed that violence has decreased significantly since she took office. Anand Sharma, the minister behind the plan to liberalize India's retail sector, has faced obstacles in achieving his goals, but there may be changes on the horizon. An anonymous senior government adviser suggested that Banerjee's reputation as a dragon slayer is diminishing with the recent arrest of a scientist. "Maybe that will provide Anand with some extra space, we will wait and see." | 2 |
When Cuban political prisoner Orlando Zapata Tamayo passed away this week following an 85-day hunger strike, experts in politics suggested that any hopes for immediate improvements in US-Cuba relations may have also ended. His death, as a result of protesting prison conditions, further strained relations already tense due to the arrest of an American contractor in Cuba, making it difficult for diplomatic and legislative efforts to enhance ties with the island. Marifeli Perez-Stable, a Cuba analyst at Florida International University in Miami, stated, "For now, any progress in US-Cuba relations is uncertain." Zapata's death led to strong reactions in Washington, with critics of communist Cuba arguing that the US should not ease the 48-year trade embargo against the island, which has been a key aspect of US-Cuba policy. Republican Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen of Florida urged for a renewed commitment to ensure that Cuba in the future is free from the ideology that caused Zapata's death. Zapata's death has complicated the argument of supporters advocating for improved relations with Cuba, who believe that getting closer to the island is the best way to encourage change. On the day of Zapata's death, legislation was proposed to lift the ban on US travel to Cuba and make it easier for Cuba to purchase food from the United States. Democratic Representative Jim McGovern of Massachusetts stated that in order to better support the Cuban people, it is important to have closer ties with them, including the ability to freely travel to the island to exchange ideas and learn from each other. McGovern also expressed his sorrow and anger over Zapata's death, criticizing the Cuban government for not intervening to prevent it. Spain, currently leading the European Union, is dealing with a similar issue as it aims to remove a clause from the EU's common position on Cuba that calls for democracy and improved human rights on the island. This move has been criticized by Havana, which sees the clause as a barrier to better relations with the EU. Under pressure from Spanish media, Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, who has always supported close ties with Cuba, expressed sadness over the death of Zapata and called for the release of political prisoners and the protection of human rights in Cuba, echoing the sentiments of the international community. Perez-Stable stated that Zapata's death would likely signal the end of Spain's attempts to improve EU-Cuba relations. She mentioned that Havana should not expect the EU to lift the common position. Observers of Cuba stated that the dissident's death would hinder the Cuban government's diplomatic efforts to pressure the United States to lift the embargo. The small dissident community in Cuba vowed to increase their calls for democratic change on the island, in order to honor Zapata's memory. Five dissidents, including four currently imprisoned, announced on Friday that they had begun hunger strikes to demand the release of political prisoners. Leading dissident Oswaldo Paya expressed that the death has had a significant impact on everyone. He believes that this event will mark a turning point. Paya emphasized that they will not resort to violence, but he is concerned about the message the government is sending to the Cuban people. | 2 |
According to sources familiar with his thinking, Bloomberg has informed friends and associates that he is prepared to spend $1 billion of his own money on a campaign for the November 2016 election. The 73-year-old former mayor has set an early March deadline for deciding whether to enter the race, after conducting a poll in December to assess his chances against frontrunners Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. While no independent candidate has ever won a US presidential election, Bloomberg, with strong ties to Wall Street and progressive social views, believes there may be an opportunity for his candidacy if Trump or Ted Cruz is the Republican nominee and Bernie Sanders is the Democratic nominee. Bloomberg, who has considered running for president in the past, served as mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013. In 2007, he changed his party affiliation from Republican to independent and has since invested millions in national campaigns to advocate for stricter US gun laws and immigration reform. According to an unnamed adviser, Michael Bloomberg believes voters are looking for a non-ideological, bipartisan approach that has been lacking in the current election cycle. If Bloomberg were to run for president with his significant financial resources, it could alter the dynamics of the election. However, he would face challenges entering a race that has been ongoing for nearly a year. While no third-party candidate has ever won the presidency, past attempts have influenced the overall outcome of the election, such as Ross Perot's 1992 run as an independent potentially aiding Bill Clinton's victory over George H. W. Bush. Bloomberg's decision to run for president was partly influenced by dissatisfaction with Clinton's campaign, as reported by the Times. Clinton has faced scrutiny over her honesty due to an investigation into her use of a private email server while serving as secretary of state. Sanders, Clinton's main competitor, has seen a recent increase in popularity in early voting states such as Iowa and New Hampshire. This has raised concerns for Bloomberg about a potential general election matchup between Sanders, who identifies as a socialist, and Trump or Cruz, both of whom hold conservative views on issues like immigration. Spokespersons for Bloomberg were not immediately available for comment. | 2 |
"We are moving too quickly," stated Jean-Pierre Door, a conservative legislator representing frustrated constituents. He expressed concerns about people feeling overwhelmed. The town of Montargis became a focal point of the Yellow Vest protest movement three years ago, sparked by increased gasoline taxes. The movement, fueled by a broader sense of alienation among those in rural areas, highlighted a class divide between working-class individuals threatened by the transition to clean energy and urban elites who can afford electric cars and bike to work. As global climate talks take place in Glasgow, there is still a lingering economic and political disconnect in France. While some in rural areas recognize the need to transition to clean energy, the immediate concern for many is financial struggles. The urgency to address environmental issues at COP26 contrasts with the everyday struggles faced by those on the outskirts of society. Household gas prices have increased by 12.6% in just one month, partly due to shortages caused by the coronavirus. Electric cars, once promoted as a more economical option than diesel vehicles, now seem extravagantly priced. Some residents are opposed to wind turbines near their homes, fearing they will decrease property values. A local resident near Montargis suggested putting wind turbines in a park in Paris instead. The transition to clean energy has become a sensitive issue for President Emmanuel Macron, who is facing an election in April. He has presented himself as an environmentally conscious fighter, although practical, but understands that any involvement with the Yellow Vests movement would harm his chances in the election. Every day, Cannault looks out from her farm near town at a newly constructed 390-foot mast used to measure wind levels for potential turbines. "We were never consulted about this." The only sounds on a foggy morning were geese honking and roosters crowing as she spoke. Claude Madec-Cleï, the mayor of the neighboring village of Griselles, agreed, saying, "We are not taken into consideration." President Macron is trying to get the support of the Green party. In preparation for the upcoming election, Macron is trying to appeal to a wide range of people and is particularly eager to prevent another uprising of the Yellow Vests. To help alleviate the financial burden of rising gas prices, the government has decided to freeze household gas prices. Additionally, they will be sending an "energy check" of $115 to 6 million people considered to be in dire need. Another 38 million people who earn less than $2,310 a month will also receive an "inflation indemnity" of the same amount. The increase in gasoline prices has played a significant role in the government's decision to implement these measures. Sophie Tissier, who led a Yellow Vest protest in Paris in 2019, expressed frustration over the heavy police response that made it difficult to restart the movement, despite the social crisis and anger in France. She highlighted the extreme inequalities in the country, which she believes hinders the transition to ecological practices. While the president promotes his energy proposals as realistic, they involve a mix of small-reactor nuclear power and renewable sources like wind power. The Green movement advocates for phasing out nuclear power, which currently meets a majority of France's electricity needs, while conservatives criticize this as a step backwards. On the other hand, Marine Le Pen calls for the removal of the country's wind turbines. Meanwhile, many French citizens find themselves torn between environmental concerns and their immediate needs, like Christine Gobet who commutes 90 miles a day in a diesel car to work at an Amazon warehouse for a modest income. She sat in her car outside a garage, where she had just spent $3,000 to replace her diesel engine. Despite the rising costs and talk of switching to electric cars, she scoffed at the idea, saying it was not feasible for her. She expressed frustration at constantly changing recommendations, from diesel being promoted as less polluting to now being told the opposite. She participated in Yellow Vest demonstrations in Montargis at the beginning of the movement. She was motivated not only by financial pressure but also by the feeling that decisions were made by elites without consideration for the people who are affected by them. She left the movement when it turned violent. In Montargis, a traffic circle called the "peanut roundabout" was blocked for two months, causing stores to run out of stock. She believes little has changed since then. According to her, Paris has everything while people from the provinces who go there to work are not valued. Working-class individuals like Gobet, who was featured in a series in Le Monde, find calls to stop using fossil fuels and close nuclear power stations in places like Glasgow to be disconnected from their everyday lives. At 58 years old, she represents a divide between generations. The younger generation, led by Greta Thunberg, believes that there is no more pressing issue than saving the planet. On the other hand, older individuals are hesitant to support environmental measures that may impact their quality of life in their later years. In Montargis, an area popular with retirees and immigrants, a taxi driver named Gilles Fauvin often transports clients with medical needs to hospitals in Orléans and Paris. The potential ban on diesel cars in the capital by 2024 and the push to transition to costly electric cars could have a negative impact on him. He expressed that diesel cars are beneficial for him, despite the fact that they release various pollutants. Yoann Fauvin, the garage owner and cousin of the taxi driver, is questioning if electric cars are truly a superior option. He highlighted the need to extract metals for battery production in countries like China or Chile, the environmental costs of transporting these materials, and the necessity of battery recycling. In his presence, a vintage green 1977 Citroen 2CV was undergoing restoration while a diesel Citroen DS4 was being fixed. He mentioned that diesel is essential for the business to thrive in the area where transitioning to electric vehicles is scoffed at by the wealthy individuals who fail to comprehend the local dynamics. Magalie Pasquet, a housewife leading a local group against wind power called Aire 45, clarified that her resistance to the installation of around 75 new turbines in the region is not a disregard for environmental issues, as she actively participates in recycling. She is cautious when it comes to traveling and is mindful of her environmental impact by composting and wearing multiple layers instead of using heating. She is inspired by the environmental idealism of young people, but she thinks that the world's priorities are out of order. "Why are we destroying a beautiful landscape that attracts people to this area when the real issue is overconsumption?" she inquired. "Local residents are not being consulted, and even mayors are unable to prevent the installation of these unsightly wind turbines." A colleague, Philippe Jacob, a management and marketing professor also involved in the anti-turbine movement, noted that the Yellow Vest movement emerged in response to increasing gasoline prices, declining purchasing power, deteriorating public services, and widespread dissatisfaction with top-down decision-making. "These same issues persist today, and the situation is becoming increasingly perilous," he warned. "Residents have put their life savings into this area, yet their concerns about the negative impact of planned turbines and biogas plants are going unheard." | 2 |
Experts have discovered that the Pacific gray whale population, previously believed to have recovered fully from whaling, is actually now only a small fraction of what it once was. By examining genetic variation within the species, researchers found that the current population of 22,000 whales is significantly lower than the estimated 96,000 that existed before large-scale hunting in the 19th century. This means that the current count represents only 19 to 29 percent of the pre-hunting population. The gray whale, a large filter-feeder that has been swimming in the world's oceans for about 20 million years, is one of the few baleen whale populations that has fully recovered from whaling. Despite the current population size, genetic diversity surveys have revealed a higher level of diversity than expected, suggesting that there were once many more gray whales in the Pacific Ocean. At one point, the gray whale population was hunted to near extinction, with only a few thousand remaining by the late 19th century and into the 1920s. The gray whale was once present in the Atlantic Ocean but disappeared centuries ago, possibly due to whaling activities. This species migrates along the Pacific Coast of North America, traveling between arctic seas and lagoons near Baja California, Mexico. Named for the gray patches and white mottling on its dark skin, gray whales can grow up to 46 feet (14 meters) long and weigh as much as 40 tonnes. They feed by scooping up mud from the sea bottom and consuming small crustaceans and tube worms found in sediments. The International Whaling Commission granted the gray whale partial protection in 1937 and full protection in 1947, according to the American Cetacean Society. While once heavily hunted, gray whales are now a popular attraction for whale watchers along the Pacific coast of North America. Despite this protection, there are still instances of illegal hunting, such as the recent incident where five Washington state American Indian hunters from the Makah tribe illegally shot and killed a gray whale using harpoons and a rifle typically used for hunting elephants. Scientists have reported seeing several gray whales in recent years that are suffering from starvation. The researchers indicated that the decrease in available food in the Arctic feeding grounds of the whales is likely due to changing climate conditions. They also mentioned that other animals, such as seabirds, may also be impacted by the reduced population of gray whales. According to fellow Stanford researcher Steve Palumbi, Arctic seabirds rely on the creatures unearthed by the whales during feeding, and an estimated 96,000 gray whales could have provided food for over a million seabirds each year. | 2 |
Burundi is set to have a referendum on May 17 to decide whether to change the constitution and extend presidential terms from five to seven years. Human rights organizations are skeptical that the vote will be fair, citing sporadic incidents of violence and abductions. Emmanuel Bigirimana, the leader of Buganda district, reported an attack in the village of Ruhagarika, where armed individuals arrived and began shooting, resulting in deaths and injuries. Approximately 20 attackers, most of whom were dressed in military attire, were involved in the violence that erupted in Burundi in April 2015. The crisis was sparked by President Pierre Nkurunziza's announcement of his intention to seek a third term, a move deemed unconstitutional by the opposition and in violation of a peace agreement that had brought an end to the country's civil war in 2005. Despite Nkurunziza's re-election, some of his adversaries resorted to armed resistance. Rights organizations report that an estimated 400,000 individuals have fled to neighboring countries to escape the conflict. Both government officials and opposition members have been casualties of the ongoing violence between warring factions. The suggested alterations to the constitution would restrict the president to serving two consecutive terms, but would not consider previous terms, potentially allowing Nkurunziza to remain in power until 2034. Three unnamed residents in the village suggested that the recent attack may have been a warning against supporting the constitutional changes. However, Bigirimana dismissed this idea, stating that the attackers were not driven by political motives, as they targeted three households and only killed women and children. He claimed that the attack was more likely a personal vendetta rather than politically motivated. | 2 |
The pressures, hopes, and aspirations Harris faced at the Democratic convention as she shared her life story to introduce herself to a nation and party unfamiliar with her will also be the burden she carries for the next four years if she and Biden win in November. It is rare for a vice-presidential candidate to serve under a presidential nominee who may not seek a second term, resulting in Harris facing high expectations from her party to demonstrate strong leadership. Tim Kaine, the Virginia senator and 2016 vice-presidential candidate for Hillary Clinton, commented on the heavy weight placed on Harris' shoulders. In the chaotic environment of the Democratic Party, Biden could not have chosen a running mate who would please everyone. Despite his enthusiasm for Harris, he acknowledged that it was impossible to have universal approval within the party. The first two days of the convention focused on presenting a united front of moderates, progressives, Republicans, and democratic socialists, while highlighting diversity in terms of race, gender, and age. The party nominated a 77-year-old white man from Delaware as their candidate, showcasing a mix of liberal viewpoints but giving little attention to policies like "Medicare for All." The main priority for the party at the moment is defeating President Trump. However, if the Democrats are successful in removing Trump from office, Kamala Harris will face the challenge of uniting the various factions within the Democratic Party. As the supposed bridge to future generations and the face of the party, Harris will be scrutinized in the coming weeks for her campaigning skills, ability to engage with Trump and Pence, and her capacity to energize voter turnout, especially among younger voters and progressives. Additionally, as a woman of color running for a position traditionally held by white men, Harris may face unfair judgment due to deep-rooted biases in certain parts of the country. Harris has already addressed this issue directly to her Democratic audience, but it is likely that she will need to continue addressing it in the months to come. The text emphasizes the importance of electing Joe Biden as president to unite people of all races and backgrounds towards a common future. It questions whether Kamala Harris, a former prosecutor and moderate Democrat, is prepared for the challenges ahead as she steps into a prominent role at a critical time for the country and her party. Harris highlighted the impact of the pandemic and structural racism on marginalized communities, and called for an end to police abuses, referencing victims like George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. However, she also devoted a significant amount of time to emphasizing the importance of family and friendships in her life, as well as highlighting her background as a prosecutor advocating for people and victims. She confidently stated, "I know a predator when I see one." Her historic nomination as the first Black woman and first person of Indian descent to be chosen as vice president generated much excitement and symbolized a shift in the Democratic Party towards reflecting the country's changing demographics. Following a primary race dominated by older white candidates, her selection as a 55-year-old woman of color indicated a step towards inclusivity in the party's leadership. Known for her strong debating skills and eloquent speaking abilities, she has proven herself through her presidential campaign and role on the Judiciary Committee questioning Attorney General William Barr. In Democratic circles, it is widely believed that she will continue the tradition of vice-presidential candidates attacking the opposing party. She stated, "Donald Trump's lack of leadership has resulted in loss of lives and jobs." She also expressed concern about the constant disorder, incompetence, and heartlessness under the current administration. Running a campaign in California is tough, but it doesn't compare to the challenges of a national campaign, especially in a divided country like the US in the Trump era. While Harris has faced tough battles in California, her presidential campaign struggled early on due to internal conflicts and a lack of clear messaging. Patti Solis Doyle, who managed Clinton's 2008 campaign, noted the significant surge in donations following Harris' announcement, showing the excitement she brought to the race. Harris, the daughter of immigrants from India and Jamaica, has generated enthusiasm among voters, particularly Democrats, who are eager to see the first African American and American Indian woman on a national ticket. Kaine believes Harris can help attract a younger audience to the ticket, while older voters appreciate Biden's centrist views and promises to bring civility and stability back to government. "There is a portion of the Democratic electorate, not all, but a group that may be more mature, seeking competence, character, and traditional values in the Oval Office," he explained. "While excitement and energy are also important. Kamala embodies that. However, her main challenge as a candidate, potential vice president, and future party leader is how she navigates the growing influence of the left-wing of the party. Biden succeeded in the Democratic primary due to his support from Black voters, older voters, and white suburbanites, but younger and more liberal voters were hesitant about his moderate stance and willingness to work with Republicans, especially after prime speaking slots were given to Republican supporters at the convention. Harris, being from California, is more aligned with the left-wing than Biden, but her selection did not ease the concerns of many liberal Democrats, particularly regarding her past stance on policing issues." Waleed Shahid, a spokesperson for the progressive organization Justice Democrats, stated that while Senator Harris is the preferred choice of the party establishment, she is not favored by the party's base, particularly the younger generation of Democrats. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez did not mention Biden or Harris while nominating Senator Bernie Sanders, highlighting the divide within the party. This dissent has been overshadowed during the convention as the party is focused on defeating Trump, but it may resurface if the Democrats win. Harris will need to navigate this divide carefully to avoid a primary challenge from the left in the future. Varshini Prakash, the executive director of the Sunrise Movement, a youth-led group of climate activists, expressed that Kamala Harris' nomination was a significant and exciting moment for Democrats of all ages and beliefs. Prakash believes that Harris could be a representation of the direction in which the Democratic Party is heading, but also acknowledges that the party has a wide range of ideological viewpoints beyond just Harris. Harris herself seems confident in her ability to follow in the footsteps of President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, and has been supported and celebrated by many in the party. However, she is aware that challenges lie ahead if she wins the election. However, at this moment, Kamala Harris seized the opportunity to speak to Democrats about unity and the future during a pandemic. She presented herself as a new leader of the party in a time when the nation is uncertain about what lies ahead. (c.2020 The New York Times Company) | 2 |
Hours after making a promise for a new civilian government to calm public anger, Defence Minister Awad Ibn Auf announced his resignation as head of the military council in a televised speech. Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Abdelrahman will take over as the new head of the council, according to Ibn Auf. Additionally, Chief of Staff Kamal Abdelmarouf al-Mahi has been removed from his position as deputy head of the transitional military council. Ibn Auf stated that the change was necessary to maintain cohesion within the security system and the armed forces. The news of the change led to joyful celebrations in the streets of Khartoum, with people chanting, “The second has fallen!” in reference to Bashir, witnesses reported. Rashid Saeed, a spokesperson for the Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA), told Reuters that recent events are a positive development in line with the will of the people, bringing them closer to victory. He emphasized their commitment to the demands they have presented to the army and urged the public to continue protesting until all demands are met. The military council has indicated a potential two-year transition period before elections, with the possibility of a shorter timeline if stability can be maintained. The council has also expressed willingness to engage in dialogue with political groups. The announcement of a future civilian government is seen as an effort to reassure demonstrators who have been calling for faster and more significant change following the ousting of former President Bashir. In a direct challenge to Ibn Auf's military council, thousands of protesters remained outside the defence ministry compound and in other parts of the capital despite a night time curfew imposed by Auf. The SPA criticized the military council's ability to bring about change and reiterated their demand for a transitional civilian government to take power immediately. Bashir, who came to power in a 1989 military coup, faced weeks of protests due to economic hardships and repression during his rule. Worshippers gathered around the Defence Ministry for Friday prayers as urged by the SPA, with the crowd growing larger in the afternoon according to a Reuters witness. A Sudanese police spokesman reported that at least 16 people were killed and 20 injured by stray bullets during protests and sit-ins on Thursday and Friday. Government buildings and private property were also targeted in the violence. The spokesman, Hashem Ali, urged citizens to help maintain safety and public order. 24-year-old doctor Abdelhamid Ahmed expressed opposition to the current leadership, citing their ties to former President Bashir's regime. Ibn Auf, who was Bashir's vice president and defence minister, is one of several Sudanese commanders facing sanctions from the US for their alleged involvement in atrocities during the Darfur conflict that started in 2003. Bashir's removal was announced on Thursday along with the formation of a military council by Ibn Auf, who also declared a state of emergency, nationwide ceasefire, suspension of the constitution, and a night time curfew. These measures were criticized as heavy-handed by rights groups. Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman, the third highest-ranking general in the Sudanese armed forces, who is not well-known in public life, was appointed to lead the ground forces. He was responsible for overseeing Sudanese troops involved in the Saudi-led Yemen war. Sudan's deputy UN ambassador, Yasir Abdalla Abdelsalam Ahmed, emphasized the need for a democratic process in the country and called on the international community to support a peaceful transition. He assured that all parties, including armed groups, would be included in the political process. The 15-member council met on Friday in a closed-door session to receive updates on the situation in Sudan. The Sudanese envoy mentioned that the suspension of the constitution could be lifted and the transitional period shortened depending on the progress and agreements made between parties. World powers like the United States and Britain expressed their support for a peaceful and democratic transition in less than two years. China stated its commitment to cooperating with Sudan regardless of the political situation. Zain al-Abideen assured that the military council would not interfere with a civilian government. He mentioned that the transitional military council would have control over the defence and interior ministries. Burhan, who is now leading the council, previously held the position of inspector general in the Sudanese armed forces and was the third highest-ranking general. Despite being relatively unknown in public life, he was in charge of Sudan's ground forces and supervised troops involved in the Yemen war led by Saudi Arabia. Burhan has strong connections with senior military officials in the Gulf region due to his role in coordinating Sudan's military participation in the conflict. Zain al-Abideen stated that the military council does not have the answers to Sudan's crisis, and believes that solutions will come from the protesters. He emphasized that the council is not seeking power and will not force anything upon the people. Their goal is to facilitate peaceful dialogue and create a conducive environment for discussions. A meeting with political entities to prepare for dialogue was scheduled for Friday but was later postponed. The council explained that the National Congress Party of Bashir was not invited to participate in the dialogue due to their responsibility for recent events. Protesters were cautioned that the army would not tolerate any disturbances. Ibn Auf announced that Bashir was currently being held in a secure location. Sudanese sources informed Reuters that he was heavily guarded at the presidential residence. The council declared that they would not hand over Bashir to the International Criminal Court in The Hague, where he faces charges of genocide in Darfur. The conflict in Darfur began in 2003 and resulted in the deaths of approximately 300,000 people. Bashir has denied these accusations. | 2 |
"We will not give up America's independence to a global bureaucracy that is not elected or accountable," stated Trump, using language that resonates with his supporters. "Americans govern America. We oppose globalism and support patriotism." World leaders mostly remained silent during Trump's 35-minute speech, reflecting their discomfort with his isolationist views that have strained relationships with US allies. Despite his calm delivery, Trump's address strongly emphasized his "America First" policies. He has disrupted the global order by pulling the United States out of the Iran nuclear deal and the Paris climate accord, and has also threatened to penalize NATO nations for not contributing more to their mutual defense. In the future, he stated that foreign aid will only be given to those who show respect and friendship towards the US, and he expects other countries to pay their fair share for their defense costs. Trump criticized Iran and China for their trade practices but did not mention Russia's involvement in Syria or suspected interference in US elections. Macron, on the other hand, presented a different perspective by warning that the survival of the fittest, protectionism, and isolationism would only escalate tensions. He defended the importance of multilateralism and working together, cautioning that nationalism could lead to failure and the return of global wars if countries do not defend basic principles. Macron expressed his refusal to see multilateralism erode and history unravel, emphasizing the impact on future generations. Trump directed much of his criticism towards Iran, accusing the country of having nuclear ambitions and supporting militant groups in the Middle East, describing their leaders as creators of chaos and destruction. Macron pointed out that they do not show respect for their neighbors, borders, or the sovereign rights of nations. He used the example of Iran, which Trump had called for isolation just minutes earlier, to highlight that this push for unilateralism would result in conflicts. Trump, known for boasting about his economic record at the start of his political rallies, used similar rhetoric in front of the audience of world leaders and diplomats, claiming he had achieved more than almost any previous US president. This statement elicited some murmurs and laughter from the crowd, catching the president off guard. Trump responded by saying, "I didn't expect that reaction, but that's OK." Trump announced on Twitter that he will not be meeting with Iranian President Rouhani in New York and will continue to apply economic pressure on Tehran in hopes of altering their behavior. Rouhani is scheduled to speak to leaders later on Tuesday. Trump withdrew the US from the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran in May, a deal negotiated under former President Obama. Relations between the US and Iran have been strained for decades and have worsened since the withdrawal from the agreement. Trump announced that more sanctions would be imposed on November 5th and further actions would be taken. He also mentioned working with countries that purchase Iranian oil to reduce their imports. Additionally, Trump discussed plans to form a strategic alliance between Gulf nations, Jordan, and Egypt to counter Iran. He drew a comparison between US relations with Iran and the improved ties with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, whom he had met with in June. Last year, Trump had criticized Kim as a "rocket man," but now praised him for halting nuclear and missile tests, releasing prisoners, and returning remains of US soldiers from the Korean War. The two leaders are currently in talks to plan a second meeting and are communicating privately. Trump has stated that sanctions on North Korea will stay in place for the time being. In a stern warning to OPEC nations, Trump urged them to halt the increase in oil prices and to fund their own defense. He also warned that US assistance would only be given to countries that are allies of the United States. In response, a Gulf diplomat mentioned that their countries have been contributing their fair share to international responsibilities. Crude oil prices surged to a four-year high due to upcoming US sanctions on Iranian crude exports and OPEC and Russia's reluctance to increase output. Trump's focus was on Iran, aiming to create division within the country following a recent attack on a military parade. Trump stated he would not meet with Iranians unless they changed their approach, but suggested the possibility of improved relations in the future. Iran's UN mission spokesperson confirmed that Iran has not sought a meeting with Trump. Some individuals with knowledge of Iran's government have stated that any discussions between Rouhani and Trump could potentially terminate the current nuclear agreement that was also signed by France, Britain, Germany, Russia, China, and the European Union. | 2 |
The link to Donald J. Trump's Dec 7 proposal titled "Preventing Muslim Immigration" disappeared on Thursday, along with his list of potential Supreme Court justice picks and certain details of his economic, defense, and regulatory reform plans. The Trump campaign did not respond to inquiries about the website changes. The links now redirect to a campaign fundraising page and were removed around Election Day when Trump won against Hillary Clinton. Saudi Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal praised Trump for removing the Muslim ban proposal from his website and deleting offensive statements about Muslims from his Twitter account. However, some tweets attacking Muslims during his campaign remained on his feed. A tweet from a supporter quoted by Trump claimed that Muslims celebrated the 9/11 attacks and suggested including footage of the celebrations in political ads. Samer Khalaf, president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, expressed concerns about Trump's policies' impact on Muslims at a news conference. Khalaf thanked Trump for removing the Muslim ban proposal but emphasized that actions speak louder than words. Trump's key policy positions, such as building a wall on the border with Mexico, remained on his website despite some revisions. The Trump campaign has a history of making unexpected alterations to its website. Earlier this year, they replaced the section on Trump's healthcare policy with a different version. After being contacted by Reuters in September, the campaign restored the original page. | 2 |
Officials have announced that Southern African leaders will convene an emergency meeting in Swaziland's capital Mbabane on Wednesday to address the crisis in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai has called on the United Nations to isolate President Robert Mugabe and deploy a peacekeeping force in Zimbabwe. Despite the U.N. Security Council's recent condemnation of violence against the opposition and declaration that a free and fair presidential election on Friday is impossible, Mugabe remains defiant. The meeting in Mbabane has been organized by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in response to growing international pressure for Mugabe to address the political and economic challenges facing Zimbabwe. The leaders of Tanzania, Angola, and Swaziland will participate in the meeting in their roles within the SADC's troika organ on politics, defense, and security, according to a statement from the Tanzanian government. The statement mentioned that the current SADC chairman, President Levy Mwanawasa of Zambia, and the SADC mediator for Zimbabwe, President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa, have been invited to attend the meeting. The meeting will address how the SADC and its troika on politics, defense, and security can assist Zimbabwe in resolving its current conflict. Tsvangirai, who has sought refuge in the Dutch embassy in Harare, expressed concern that Zimbabwe would deteriorate without international intervention. He called on the United Nations to take stronger action against President Mugabe, including implementing measures to protect the people. Tsvangirai stated that while the people of Zimbabwe do not desire armed conflict, they require global leaders to support their condemnation with military intervention, acting as peacekeepers to protect the democratic process. Pressure on Mugabe has escalated from both African and international sources due to Zimbabwe's political and economic turmoil, with the United States urging SADC to denounce the election and Mugabe's regime as illegitimate. According to Angola's state-run ANGOP news agency, SADC executive secretary Tomaz Salomao stated that foreign ministers agreed at a meeting on Monday that there was a "climate of extreme violence" in Zimbabwe and that the government needed to protect the people. The vote scheduled for Friday was supposed to be a run-off between Mugabe and Tsvangirai. Tsvangirai, the opposition leader, had won the first round in March, but official figures did not show a clear victory. The Movement for Democratic Change, led by Tsvangirai, also won a parallel parliamentary election in March, marking the first defeat for Mugabe's ZANU-PF party since independence from Britain in 1980. Both Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade and the leader of South Africa's ruling African National Congress called for a postponement of Friday's election following Tsvangirai's withdrawal. Zuma, who is seen as one of the most influential figures in South Africa, has urged the United Nations and SADC to intervene in the escalating situation in Zimbabwe. While Mbeki's administration has preferred a policy of "quiet diplomacy" with Mugabe and resisted using economic leverage, Zuma has been more vocal in criticizing Mugabe since taking over as ANC leader in December. Despite pressure from the West, Mugabe remains defiant and has asserted that Friday's election will proceed as planned. Mugabe stated that the elections will proceed, and those who choose to acknowledge their legitimacy may do so, while those who do not should refrain. Mugabe has overseen a decline into economic turmoil, with 80 percent unemployment and the world's highest inflation rate of at least 165,000 percent. He attributes his country's economic difficulties to Western sanctions. | 2 |
However, following a tragic event in El Paso, Texas where a white supremacist gunman killed 22 people, the political landscape is now heading towards a more extensive and potentially turbulent confrontation with racist extremism. The gun lobby, along with social media platforms like 8chan, are under scrutiny for promoting toxic ideologies that have had deadly real-life consequences. President Donald Trump is facing heightened criticism for his rhetoric, which has been linked to the El Paso shooter's anti-immigrant manifesto. Trump's usual tactics of deflecting criticism have been ineffective, with calls for accountability and stricter gun regulations growing louder from his political opponents and critics. No moment encapsulated the shift from the gun violence discussion to a focus on extremism better than a statement made by former President Barack Obama on Monday afternoon. Obama, who has rarely commented on public events since leaving office, called for gun control and a strong national rejection of racism and those who promote it. He urged the rejection of leaders who use language that promotes fear, hatred, or normalizes racist beliefs. Obama did not specifically mention Trump or other leaders, but Democratic presidential candidates for 2020 were quick to blame Trump for enabling extremists. Joe Biden, a top Democratic contender, accused Trump of promoting white supremacy and dividing the country. Other political leaders also expressed their distress and alarm at the current situation. Michael Bloomberg, the former mayor of New York City who has been a major supporter of gun control, wrote in a column that the recent acts of violence should lead to a change in the political conversation around guns. He criticized Trump's response as being evasive. Democratic presidential candidates united in criticizing Trump, with Sen. Elizabeth Warren accusing him of promoting dangerous ideologies and Sen. Cory Booker calling his speech ineffective. Booker plans to address gun violence in a speech at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, where a mass shooting took place in 2015. The issue of gun violence and racism is becoming important in elections beyond the presidential race, with candidates like Mike Johnston in Colorado blaming Trump for creating a divisive culture. Candidates in 2020 will have to take a clear stance on these issues. In an interview, Johnston stated that people must choose between supporting white nationalists with AR-15s or standing with the millions of Americans who fear them. Trump mentioned he was willing to consider bipartisan solutions to address gun violence, attributing the spread of harmful ideologies to the internet and social media. While he did not outline specific actions his administration would take, Trump emphasized his backing of the death penalty and seemed doubtful that gun restrictions would be effective, asserting that mental illness and hatred, not guns, are the root causes of violence. Trump's campaign criticized Democrats for politicizing a moment of national mourning and reiterated the president's condemnation of racism and white supremacy. They also noted that no one blamed Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters attacked Republican lawmakers in 2017. He stated that the blame for such terrible attacks ultimately rests with those who carry them out. Despite Trump and his supporters insisting he is not responsible for the increase in extremist violence, many feel he has not distanced himself enough from white supremacists. A survey conducted by the Pew Research Centre in March revealed that a majority of Americans, 56 percent, believe Trump has not done enough to separate himself from white nationalist groups. This sentiment was shared by about a quarter of Republicans or those who support Trump. It is not just liberals who believe that the recent mass shootings in El Paso and Dayton are a crisis for the nation and a crucial test for Trump. The conservative magazine National Review published an editorial urging Americans and their government to combat the resurgent ideology of white supremacy, similar to how they have tackled Islamic terrorism. The magazine called on Trump to condemn these actions clearly and consistently. Former Republican governor of Oklahoma, Frank Keating, who led his state through the 1995 bombing by domestic terrorists, stated in an interview that the current situation calls for both stricter gun control measures and a new approach from the White House. He advised Trump to carefully select his words in order to avoid spreading fear or inciting anger. Keating emphasized the importance of understanding the impact of his language, stating that the president should act as a moral leader in addition to a government leader. It remains uncertain if the El Paso shooting could have a significant impact on national politics, similar to the Oklahoma City bombing in the 1990s. President Clinton's response to the bombing, where he condemned extreme right voices in America, helped boost his image as a strong leader after a rocky start to his presidency. Trump has not shown any interest in being a moral leader or reflecting on his use of divisive politics. Following the Charlottesville incident in 2017, where a young woman died during a white supremacist march, Trump controversially stated that there were "very fine people on both sides." Recently, he has continued to attack prominent members of racial minority groups without remorse. Despite little public criticism from Republican lawmakers after the El Paso and Dayton shootings, there are private concerns within the party about the impact of his behavior on the 2020 elections. During the midterm elections last year, Trump focused on illegal immigration in his campaign, leading to a significant loss for his party in various cities and suburbs. The final weeks of the 2018 elections were marked by two traumatic events that may have heightened voters' concerns about the president's violent rhetoric and appeals to racism: a failed bombing attempt by a Trump supporter targeting the president's critics, and a mass shooting at the Tree of Life Synagogue in Pittsburgh carried out by a gunman who spoke against immigrant "invaders." Despite Trump's initial lamentation over the Pittsburgh massacre, he quickly returned to his divisive message on the campaign trail. His base, largely rural and white, remained steadfast in their support of him. The Democratic presidential race, on the other hand, saw a temporary sense of unity following the weekend of violence, highlighting how the 2020 campaign will likely be shaped in response to Trump's actions. While Democrats may have disagreements, they understand the political reality they are facing. In the morning after his party's consecutive debates, Governor Jay Inslee of Washington state confidently told a reporter in Detroit that the Democratic party would easily come together for the 2020 election. He compared their unity to a powerful force like a black hole, attributing it to the presence of a white nationalist in the White House. | 2 |
Throughout the past 40 years, including a 12-year tenure as the director of NASA's planetary science division and the past three years as its chief scientist, he has significantly influenced NASA's scientific research by overseeing missions throughout the solar system and contributing to over 100 scientific papers covering various topics. Initially focusing on Earth's magnetic field and plasma waves, he later expanded his research interests. One of his recent notable contributions is the development of a scale, known as the "confidence of life detection" (CoLD), for validating the discovery of alien life. He has also proposed the idea of terraforming Mars by using a large magnetic shield to protect the planet's atmosphere from the sun's stripping effects and increase surface temperatures. Additionally, he advocates for the exploration of other celestial bodies, such as Europa, Jupiter's icy moon, with a mission set to launch in 2024. Prior to a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in New Orleans in December, Green discussed his diverse work and the quest for life within our solar system. In our interview, he shared edited and condensed segments. He emphasized the importance of a methodical approach to searching for life, introducing the CoLD scale to rank potential detections from one to seven. This scale became necessary after scientists claimed to have observed phosphine in Venus's atmosphere a few years ago. At the scale at which they observed it, they thought life was a significant possibility. On the CoLD scale, where seven signifies "we found life," it ranked at "one." It didn't even reach "two." They later realized there was contamination in their signal and it might not be phosphine, and they are unable to replicate it. Therefore, there is a need for improved communication. Methane is widespread on Mars. While 95% of the methane found on Earth is from life, there is a small percentage that is not. We are currently at CoLD Level 3, but I would immediately support a scientist if they could bring us to CoLD Level 4 in the search for life in the solar system. Instead of making huge leaps, we need to take the right steps towards progress. The focus should be on actually finding life, rather than just making empty claims. NASA has been searching for life on Mars since 1976, but the fact that we haven't found any yet is not surprising. Response A: Our current approach to identifying signs of life is more systematic and informed compared to before. By studying the signatures that life can leave over time, we have learned that Earth, which is 4.5 billion years old, is now teeming with life. However, if we were to go back a billion years, we would discover that Venus was once a blue planet with a large ocean. It is possible that Mars once had abundant life when it was a blue planet billions of years ago. However, Mars lost its magnetic field, causing water to evaporate and the planet to become stagnant about 3.5 billion years ago. Scientists hoped to discover signs of life on the surface of Mars, but the Viking landers were placed in a random location due to limited knowledge about the planet at the time. It was similar to placing something in the Gobi Desert. We intended to place them in Jezero Crater, the river delta where the Perseverance rover is currently located, but we were unaware of its existence at the time. One of the Viking experiments suggested the presence of microbial life in the soil, but only one of the three instruments confirmed this, so we were unable to definitively confirm the discovery of life. Now, with the plan to bring back samples, we will finally have conclusive evidence. It was unexpected that a sample return mission would be necessary. Question: In the past, you have proposed the idea of using a large magnetic shield to terraform Mars by preventing the sun from stripping its atmosphere, which would potentially warm the planet and make it habitable. Is this idea feasible?
Answer: Yes, it is feasible. By preventing the stripping of the atmosphere, the pressure on Mars would increase, leading to the planet beginning to terraform itself. This is our desired outcome: for the planet to play a role in any way possible. As pressure increases, so does temperature. The initial stage of terraforming occurs at 60 millibars, which is a tenfold increase from our current conditions. This threshold, known as the Armstrong limit, is where one could walk on the surface without their blood boiling. Without the need for a spacesuit, there would be greater freedom of movement and flexibility. The increased temperature and pressure allow for the initiation of plant growth in soil. There are various methods for creating a magnetic shield. I am currently in the process of finalizing a paper that I have been working on for two years, although I anticipate that it will not be well-received. The planetary community is generally opposed to the concept of terraforming. I believe we have the ability to alter the environment on Venus by using a physical shield that reflects light, leading to a decrease in temperature. NASA approved the Europa Clipper mission in 2015 to search for signs of life on Jupiter's moon Europa, following the detection of plumes in 2013. Would you have preferred for this mission to happen sooner? A: I would have loved to see it earlier, but it wasn't possible. There are certain series of missions known as strategic missions that require extensive planning and approval. In order for these missions to happen, everything has to fall into place - a proposal must be made, a solid case must be built, it must be presented to NASA administration, and then pitched to Congress. I proposed a Europa mission every year. Every year, the administration showed no interest in visiting Europa. The discovery of plumes on Europa was what led to the Europa mission taking place. In 2013, at an American Geophysical Union meeting, several scientists were planning to present their findings on spotting a plume on Europa with the Hubble telescope. I was amazed by this news and immediately wanted to organize a press conference. I phoned NASA headquarters again, and they successfully completed the task. I brought that information back to headquarters and incorporated it into the narrative of Europa. This was a significant turning point. They expressed interest in potentially pursuing this idea. Regarding Congress's decision not to include a lander in the mission, did you personally want one? A: Although I would love to have a lander for the mission, it is not currently feasible. However, all the work we are doing on Clipper is leading us toward eventually having a lander. I made sure that we have a high-resolution imager so that when we fly over certain areas, we will have the necessary information to safely choose a landing spot. Europa has some dangerous terrains, so without this high-resolution imaging, landing would be impossible. It's important to take small steps rather than one big step, as failure often comes from taking on too much at once. Viking serves as a prime example of when we took a significant leap without adequate knowledge. We lacked understanding of the soils, toxins, and water on the planet before sending the Vikings to the surface. There were 10 crucial pieces of information that we should have been aware of beforehand. As for scientific papers in retirement, the question remains whether they will continue to be a focus. A: Yes, definitely. I am currently working on a paper about Mars, another one about Europa, and also writing a book on astrobiology. I have a strong passion for science. Text = Copyright 2022 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Putin made a promise to protect a bank that is partly owned by a longtime ally, despite being blacklisted by Washington. Russia's response to the financial and visa restrictions imposed by the US was to create its own blacklist. Despite allies laughing off the sanctions, the Moscow stock exchange experienced a significant drop in shares, losing $70 billion in value in one month. President Obama also threatened to target major sectors of the Russian economy if they expanded into areas of Ukraine beyond Crimea. The US was doubtful of Russia's claims that troop movements near Ukraine were just military exercises, leading the OSCE to send monitors to Ukraine. Visa and MasterCard stopped processing payments for a Russian bank owned by individuals on the US blacklist, causing Russia to consider canceling foreign borrowing for 2014. In response to the crisis, the European Union imposed sanctions on several Russian officials and expressed a desire to reduce reliance on Russian energy. Putin signed a law ratifying the treaty making Crimea part of Russia and creating two new administrative districts. The annexation of Crimea was met with fireworks and celebrations by Russians in Simferopol, while Ukrainian and Tatar residents remained cautious and closed their doors. A recent referendum in Crimea, where Russian troops had taken control, overwhelmingly supported union with Russia, but was criticized by the US and EU as fraudulent. This paved the way for annexation in a short period of time. Obama's decision to target the finances of individuals close to Putin has escalated the diplomatic tensions. Putin defended Bank Rossiya, which was labeled by the US as the personal bank of senior Russian officials, stating it had no involvement in the events in Crimea. The bank, based in St Petersburg and partly owned by Putin's associate Yuri Kovalchuk, mainly serves clients in Russia's energy sector. Putin, asserting Crimea's right to self-determination, pledged to transfer his wages to Bank Rossiya. Other individuals on the US blacklist include oil trader Gennady Timchenko, the Rotenberg brothers, Putin's chief of staff, and others. Additionally, European leaders agreed to enhance their energy security measures after discussions on Friday. Despite progress in diversifying energy sources, Russia still supplies a significant portion of the EU's oil and gas, with a large amount passing through Ukraine. EU countries plan to negotiate joint supply deals with Moscow to strengthen their bargaining power. Van Rompuy stated the importance of moving towards an energy union. Merkel suggested US shale gas as an option for European countries seeking diversification. Obama is expected to discuss this issue at a summit with EU leaders. US credit card companies Visa and MasterCard stopped services for payment transactions with Russia's SMP bank, leading to concerns about the secondary ripple effects of sanctions. French banker in Moscow called the announced measures cosmetic and highlighted the risk to transfers in US dollars for the Russian economy. Obama mentioned potential sanctions against various economic sectors if Russia makes military moves into eastern and southern Ukraine. Ukrainian troops in Crimea, surrounded by Russian forces, continued to leave their bases. German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier expressed concern about the unstable and threatening situation in Ukraine, urging OSCE observers to begin their work promptly. European governments, including Germany and France, took actions against Russia, such as suspending defence-related exports and military cooperation. In Brussels, EU leaders showed their support for Ukraine's new leadership by signing a political agreement with Prime Minister Arseniy Yatseniuk and promising financial aid once a deal with the IMF is reached. The IMF is in advanced talks with Ukraine for a loan programme tied to economic reforms. Market reactions to the situation included a drop in Russia's stock index and credit rating agencies changing their outlook on Russia to negative. Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev announced plans to increase financial pressure on Ukraine by demanding repayment of $11 billion under a gas supply contract. | 2 |
US geologists at Rothera Base in Antarctica celebrated President Barack Obama's inauguration and expressed optimism for a stronger focus on science under his administration. David Barbeau, assistant professor of geology at the University of South Carolina, mentioned the excitement felt at the research station and the belief that science will be a priority. He also highlighted Obama's pledge to increase basic research funding, which was seen as inspiring. Amanda Savrda, a graduate student working with Barbeau, echoed this sentiment and expressed hope for a future that values and supports science. "It appears to be a positive sign for both my future and the future of many individuals in the field of science," she expressed. Barbeau and Savrda are currently attempting to determine the precise timeline of when the ocean formed between Antarctica and South America millions of years ago. Meanwhile, at the Rothera base, other researchers are conducting studies on a wide range of subjects, from ice sheets to starfish, in order to understand how they might be impacted by climate change. Obama has made a commitment to prioritize the battle against global warming. In contrast, former President George W. Bush sparked controversy among scientists and foreign governments in 2001 when he opted out of adopting the Kyoto Protocol, the primary UN initiative aimed at combating climate change. All of the other developed countries support the Kyoto agreement. | 2 |
She had never invested much in beauty treatments, rarely getting facials or shopping for beauty products. However, when plastic surgeon Dr. Lara Devgan reopened her office in New York, Aubry decided to have a consultation and treatment on the same day. This visit was one of the few times she had left her apartment since March. Aubry, 40, attributed her unease to constantly hearing sirens and living in fear of getting sick. Having my children at home has affected my ability to manage my company, and witnessing the impact of the pandemic on the economy has added to my stress levels, causing me to notice signs of aging more rapidly. During the lockdown, there has been an increase in waitlists for nonessential noninvasive skin-care treatments like laser procedures, fillers, and Botox injections. Plastic surgeon Dr. Ben Talei from Los Angeles mentioned that he and his colleagues are seeing a surge in demand for these treatments, especially those with shorter healing times, as people want to undergo them now while they are not as busy with work and social commitments. A surge in appointments to catch up on missed cosmetic treatments was expected. However, what will happen to the beauty industry after this initial surge? Will people want to fix more things after seeing themselves on virtual calls? Or, after relying on home skincare during the pandemic, will they realize they don't need medical treatments? The most important question is how to do all of this safely. According to doctors, the pandemic will lead to a change in how we focus on our appearance. With masks concealing much of our faces, there will likely be a shift towards enhancing our eyes. Dr. Devgan predicts a rise in requests for under-eye filler, Botox brow lifts, and eyelid surgery. She also believes that as we cover our faces, there will be a greater emphasis on the aesthetics of the torso, buttocks, and legs. As medical practices begin to reopen, there has been an uptick in requests for body treatments. During the summer, surgeries are usually slow as people prepare for beach vacations where they wear revealing clothing. However, due to the pandemic restricting travel, more people are opting for procedures now, according to Dr. Sachin Shridharani, a plastic surgeon in New York. The Aesthetic Society reported that liposuction and tummy tucks accounted for 31% of total procedures in June, up from 26% in June 2019. Breast procedures also increased by 4.3% compared to last June. Dr. Herluf Lund, a plastic surgeon in St. Louis and president of the Aesthetic Society, noted a significant rise in breast augmentations and lifts in his practice compared to last year, even taking into account the time they were closed. Additionally, there is a growing demand for nonsurgical body treatments, especially injectables. Shridharani notes a growing interest in using syringes instead of scalpels for cosmetic procedures. Injectables, which are FDA-approved for facial use, can also effectively address body concerns. For example, Shridharani uses Kybella to dissolve double chins and reduce fat in various areas of the body, as well as diluted Sculptra to stimulate collagen production in arms and thighs for smoother skin. (Shridharani receives financial compensation from the companies that make Kybella and Sculptra.) The excessive use of fillers and Botox that celebrities and influencers have become accustomed to may be declining. Plastic surgeon Steven Pearlman is noticing a decrease in popularity of unnaturally smooth foreheads and overfilled lips and cheeks, which he believes will continue to diminish even more rapidly. Pearlman attributes this shift to people's faces appearing more natural during lockdowns, as well as a growing realization that extreme cosmetic enhancements are not as important in light of current societal issues. Additionally, there may be changes in social media behavior, with uncertainty about whether sharing Botox appointment experiences on platforms like Instagram will continue. Given the current climate of coronavirus concerns, economic hardship, and increasing national unrest, showcasing expensive cosmetic procedures on social media could potentially lead to criticism. As the Black Lives Matter protests began at the end of May, aesthetic doctors noticeably stopped posting their usual before-and-after photos. According to Pearlman, they wanted to be respectful and considerate during this time of uncertainty. Despite this, social media has become a crucial way for people to stay connected during lockdowns, leading to many feeling more comfortable sharing personal details with their followers. Maybe we will reach a compromise where instead of patients sharing their own procedure photos on social media, they will allow their doctors to do so. Aubry mentioned that she initially wouldn't have allowed her procedure photos to be posted, but she wanted to show other women that there are options available without feeling ashamed. Dr. Adolf Karchmer, an infectious disease expert at Harvard Medical School, emphasized the importance of weighing the risks and benefits of aesthetic procedures during the current pandemic. While the risk of contracting the coronavirus will never be zero, medical offices should implement safety measures to minimize the risk to a very low level. Karchmer was a member of a task force that created Project AesCert, which consists of safety guidelines for reopening. Patients should be aware that safety protocols start before they even reach the office. Prior to appointments, practices will evaluate patients for symptoms, possible exposure to the virus, and any underlying health conditions. Some practices may refuse to see individuals who are at a high risk for COVID-19. Lund emphasized that the initial inquiry patients should make is about the safety protocols of the practice. Patients should inquire if the practice can clearly explain their safety measures when called, and if this information is available on their website. Upon arrival, patients will have their temperature checked and paperwork will have been completed online beforehand. It is also expected that everyone in the practice will be wearing masks. The doctor will be wearing personal protective equipment, such as an N95 mask, face shield, gown, and gloves. Many consultations and follow-ups will be done virtually to reduce traffic in the office due to the risk of coronavirus exposure. According to Devgan, the stakes for aesthetics are higher than ever, as medical resources are still not optimal, making it a risky time to have complications from a procedure. | 2 |
Clashes erupted between groups of young people throwing stones and police using tear gas to disperse them in the town of Gafsa in southern Tunisia. However, the situation was calm in other parts of the country, which was the birthplace of the Arab Spring uprisings. There were concerns about potential unrest following calls for a general strike, and the funeral of the assassinated politician Chokri Belaid, which might be postponed until Friday. Prime Minister Hamdi Jebali of the Ennahda party announced plans to replace the government with a non-partisan cabinet until elections could be held. However, there was disagreement within the party about this decision. Opposition parties rejected the idea of a government of experts and demanded to be consulted before any new cabinet was formed. The ongoing political deadlock could worsen the unrest, highlighting the divide between Islamists and secular groups in Tunisia. Belaid was killed by a gunman on a motorcycle as he left his home for work. The killing of a prominent politician sparked widespread protests across Tunisia, with thousands of people taking to the streets, reminiscent of the protests in Egypt. The ruling party denied any involvement in the killing, but its headquarters were set on fire by angry crowds. The opposition is pushing for a new technocratic government, but there are concerns about political deadlock and further unrest. Many Tunisians fear that religious radicals are threatening the freedoms gained during the Arab Spring uprisings. International powers are urging Tunisians to pursue a peaceful transition to democracy amidst growing discontent over living standards and Islamist influence. It remains lower than that of Egypt, which is experiencing unrest. Tunisia, lacking the large oil and gas resources of Libya and Algeria, relies heavily on tourism for income. Further unrest could discourage tourists from visiting. After protests on Wednesday, Jebali announced that discussions on restructuring the government had failed due to disagreements within the coalition. One secular party threatened to leave unless Ennahda replaced some ministers. Opposition parties demanded that Jebali, who planned to remain as caretaker prime minister, consult with them before making any decisions to dissolve the cabinet. Belaid, who was killed the day before, had been criticizing a culture of violence. He mentioned that the tolerance exhibited by Ennahda and its two secularist allies towards Salafists has allowed the growth of groups that are against modern culture and liberal ideas. Similar to Egypt, secular leaders have accused Islamists of trying to impose strict religious beliefs on the new state. This disagreement has delayed the agreement on a constitution for a parliamentary election, which was anticipated to take place by June. However, unlike Egypt, Ennahda has struggled to establish a stable partnership with key state institutions, as the Muslim Brotherhood did with the Egyptian military. According to a recent analysis by risk consultancy Stratfor, this failure to rely on the state security apparatus as a regime supporter has left Ennahda with limited resources to address the growing political opposition and public demand for significant changes in the government. | 2 |
However, following an unsuccessful coup in 2016, Erdogan initiated a widespread crackdown. Following his re-election with increased powers, the economy faltered and the lira plummeted. As cronyism and authoritarianism become more prevalent in his administration, Turks are voting with their feet, leaving the country in large numbers. Government data and analysts suggest a significant and concerning lack of confidence in Erdogan's leadership, as students, academics, entrepreneurs, businesspeople, and wealthy individuals are all leaving, taking their talent and capital with them. Merve Bayindir, a hat designer, announced that she was closing her business in Istanbul and relocating it to London, stating, "We are selling everything." According to the Turkish Institute of Statistics, over a quarter of a million Turks emigrated in 2017, a significant increase from the previous year. Analysts believe this exodus could have long-lasting effects on Turkish society, with some fearing it may set the country back decades. Ibrahim Sirkeci, director of transnational studies at Regent’s University in London, described the situation as a real brain drain. The departure of people, talent, and capital is being driven by a combination of factors that have become characteristic of life under Erdogan and are believed by his opponents to be permanent. These factors include fear of political persecution, terrorism, a growing lack of trust in the judiciary and the unpredictability of the rule of law, and a worsening business environment, exacerbated by concerns that Erdogan is using economic management for his own benefit and that of his inner circle. This has led to a significant shift in Turkey's social and economic landscape, with many from the traditional wealthy class, particularly the secular elite who have long been influential in Turkey's cultural and business sectors, leaving the country, while those close to Erdogan and his party are rising in prominence. One individual making this move is Merve Bayindir, a 38-year-old hat designer who is relocating to London after achieving success in Istanbul's Nisantasi district. She recently returned to Istanbul to close her business and sell her family's home. Protesters who took part in the June 2013 demonstrations in Taksim Square in Istanbul faced harassment and persecution, leading many to leave Turkey. One of the participants, Bayindir, was deeply affected by the violence and continues to feel fearful in her own city. Numerous individuals faced harassment and persecution in Turkey, leading many to leave the country. Erdogan criticized the protesters, causing more to flee after facing arrests and harassment. Bayindir expressed the difficulty of dealing with discrimination, anger, and violence in Turkey. Many Turks, including Bayindir, have sought business visas in Britain or golden visa programs in Greece, Portugal, and Spain. There has been a significant increase in asylum applications in Europe by Turks in recent years, according to Sirkeci, a researcher of Turkish migration to Britain. He believes that 10,000 Turks have utilized a business visa program to relocate to Britain in recent years, with a significant increase in applications since the beginning of 2016. This number is twice the amount seen from 2004 to 2015. Following the coup attempt, applications for political asylum by Turkish citizens in Britain tripled in the six months after the event, and increased sixfold among those applying for asylum in Germany. Data from the UN refugee agency indicated that the global number of Turks seeking asylum rose by 10,000 in 2017 to over 33,000. Many of those fleeing are followers of Fethullah Gulen, the preacher based in Pennsylvania who is accused of orchestrating the 2016 coup, or individuals accused of being his followers based on weak evidence. After the coup, a large number of teachers and academics were fired from their positions, including those who had signed a peace petition urging the government to end military action in Kurdish cities. Many of those affected have sought employment overseas. President Erdogan's efforts to make Turkey more conservative and religious have led to a shift in the country's economic landscape, with a growing middle class and a select group of elites who owe their success to him. According to Bekir Agirdir, director of the Konda polling company, the flight of capital and talent is a deliberate move by Erdogan to reshape society. The government has supported new businesses through subsidies and favorable contracts, leading to the rapid replacement of older establishments. "He stated that there is a shift of assets occurring, which he described as social and political manipulation." Ilker Birbil, a mathematician who is facing charges for signing a peace petition and has moved from Turkey to work at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, expressed concern that the country is experiencing a permanent loss of its citizens. He emphasized that those leaving have no intention of returning due to the polarized political environment in Turkey, which is a troubling development for the nation. Additionally, Erhan Erkut, a co-founder of MEF University in Istanbul, noted that students are feeling hopeless about initiating change partly because they have only known Erdogan as their leader for the past 17 years." "He mentioned that this is the only government they have experienced; they are unaware of other possibilities. Families are establishing businesses overseas for their children to inherit, as noted by Sirkeci from Regent's University. Many students at his private university also fall into this category. According to the Global Wealth Migration Review by AfrAsia Bank, around 12,000 of Turkey's millionaires, representing about 12 percent of the wealthy population, transferred their assets out of the country in 2016 and 2017. The report indicated that most of them relocated to Europe or the United Arab Emirates. Istanbul, Turkey's largest business hub, was identified as one of the top seven cities globally witnessing an outflow of affluent individuals." The report states that throughout history, major country collapses have been preceded by a migration of wealthy individuals leaving that country. Erdogan has criticized businesspeople who have moved their assets abroad as the Turkish economy struggles. He warned them in a speech at a business association in Istanbul that they would not be forgiven. Erdogan also mentioned that this behavior cannot be justified, as reports indicate that some of Turkey's largest companies are withdrawing investments from the country. Many companies have transferred large amounts of money overseas due to concerns of being targeted after the coup or as the economy declined. One example is Yildiz Holding, a Turkish food company, which faced backlash on social media for alleged ties to Gulen's movement. In response, Yildiz restructured $7 billion of debt and sold shares of its Turkish biscuit maker, Ulker, to its London-based holding company, moving the family's controlling stake out of the reach of Turkish courts. According to Mehmet Gun, a lawyer in Istanbul, billions of dollars have left Turkey in recent years as people felt threatened, especially after the coup attempt. Similarly, designer Bayindir began relocating her company to London two years ago. In Turkey, she used to have six employees and a store, but now she creates and produces hats on her own in a rented workshop in London. Despite feeling that she would have been more successful if she had stayed in Istanbul, she decided to leave due to the increasing tension in Turkey. She is concerned about the possibility of conflict between supporters of Erdogan and their critics. She mentioned that when she returns to Istanbul now, it feels like a different city with a lack of vitality. She appears exhausted. It is significant that I do not want to be here, as I am someone who is enamored with the city. | 2 |
Sheikh Shahariar Zaman, Senior Correspondent at bdnews24.com in Dhaka, reports that the government plans to implement a Green Initiative in all export-processing zones to decrease energy consumption. Mahbubur Rahman, a member of the Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority, explains that industries in EPZs release steam into the air from boilers, which could be utilized for generating heat and conserving a significant amount of energy. Rahman mentions that a project is underway at the Chittagong Export Processing Zone to create a plan for reducing carbon emissions, with support from the International Finance Corporation, UKAID, KOICA, and the European Union. He emphasizes that this initiative will be expanded to other export processing zones, as Bangladesh aims to efficiently utilize energy and decrease carbon emissions due to its vulnerability to climate change. There are eight export-processing zones in Bangladesh, according to Senior Investment Officer of International Finance Corporation Han-koo Yeo. He emphasized that awareness and sharing of knowledge are essential factors to consider when implementing the Green Initiative. Yeo mentioned that the project in Chittagong will allow local companies to learn how to adopt the initiative. He also highlighted the importance of using energy efficiently for sustainable business development. | 2 |
Inspired by Greta Thunberg, Swedish teenage climate activist, 16-year-old student Aman Sharma launched a petition on Change.org in May. He noticed that each successive year was becoming hotter, drier, thirstier, and more polluted. Sharma said he started the campaign to pressure the government as staying silent could impact future survival. His petition has gathered over 170,000 signatures. Sharma's demands to the environment ministry include increasing the country's green cover and meeting commitments made in the 2015 Paris climate agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change did not respond to requests for comment. Supported by film personalities like Nathalie Kelley and Bollywood names, Sharma's next goal is to get Hollywood environmentalist Leonardo DiCaprio's attention. DiCaprio shared a photo on Instagram showing women in Chennai struggling to draw water from a nearly empty well, highlighting the daily challenges faced by thousands of residents. The city's water crisis has garnered global attention after its main reservoirs dried up due to poor monsoons in 2018, leading to water rationing. A government report from last year warned that Chennai was among 21 cities at risk of running out of groundwater by 2020, and that India was facing its worst-ever long-term water crisis, putting 600 million people - nearly half of the population - at risk of severe water scarcity. Meanwhile, a heatwave in the north has claimed the lives of at least 36 people this year, with New Delhi recording its highest-ever temperature of 48 degrees Celsius (118 Fahrenheit). Jitendra Sharma, a popular Instagram influencer based in Mumbai, initiated a petition this week that garnered nearly 300,000 signatures by Friday. He expressed hope that the government would declare a climate emergency, emphasizing the urgency of the situation and pointing to other countries that have already taken similar steps. In May, Britain's parliament declared a symbolic climate change "emergency" in response to a growing activist movement, especially among young people in Europe. Environmentalist Chandra Bhushan explained that a climate emergency involves prioritizing climate change in policy and planning decisions. Bhushan from the Centre for Science and Environment in Delhi stated that the Indian government must acknowledge the crisis and develop an action plan. He emphasized that India is facing significant challenges and even if the government does not acknowledge the climate emergency currently, it will eventually have to do so. | 2 |
According to the 2020 report, although the South Asian nation has made progress in fighting hunger, it still ranks among 40 countries with a 'serious' level of hunger, scoring 20.4, down from 25.8 the previous year. A high Global Hunger Index (GHI) score can indicate a lack of food, poor diet quality, inadequate child care, unhealthy environment, or a combination of these factors. The GHI rates countries on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 being the best (no hunger) and 100 the worst. The 2020 Global Hunger Index, jointly published by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, was launched online on Friday. The report classifies countries based on their hunger levels as moderate, serious, or alarming, using the most recent official data from sources like FAO, UNICEF, and WHO. The current COVID-19 pandemic is not taken into account in the Index, leading to an underestimation of its impact. The report highlights the significant challenge the world faces in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development goal of ‘Zero Hunger’ by 2030. GHI scores indicate a worsening situation of hunger and undernutrition in countries with high hunger levels, with progress being slow or even regressing in some areas. These scores are determined by four key indicators: undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality. According to the index, Bangladesh has made significant progress in reducing child stunting, with a decrease of 12.8 percentage points between 2012 and 2020. However, undernourishment continues to be a problem, affecting 13 percent of the population. This is a slight improvement from the 13.8 percent rate in 2012. Additionally, the under-five mortality rate in Bangladesh has decreased from 4.3 percent in 2012 to 3 percent in 2020. The country is facing the possibility of doubling its poverty rate this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hasina Rahman, Assistant Country Director at Concern Worldwide, mentioned that Bangladesh is facing a heightened risk of food and nutrition insecurity due to the overlapping Health, Economic, and Environmental crises of 2020. She emphasized the need for collective action to transform food systems to be fair, healthy, and environmentally friendly to address the current crises, prevent future health and food crises, and work towards achieving Zero Hunger by 2030. Bangladesh ranks lower than Sri Lanka and Nepal in terms of hunger levels, with India falling behind Pakistan and Afghanistan also included in the rankings. The official data used for the 2020 rankings does not yet reflect the impact of COVID-19 on countries. The text emphasizes that existing vulnerabilities to food insecurity have been highlighted by recent events. Concern Worldwide's CEO, Dominic MacSorley, acknowledges that the world was already falling short of achieving Zero Hunger by 2030 before the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic downturn, combined with climate change and conflict, has further exacerbated food and nutrition insecurity for millions of people, particularly those who were already at risk. The global food system's shortcomings have been exposed by the pandemic, underscoring the need for an integrated and holistic approach to global and environmental health in order to reach the goal of Zero Hunger by 2030. | 2 |
Britain's Home Secretary stated that only a small number of organizations consulted on the government's proposal to detain terrorism suspects for up to 42 days without charge actually support it. Jacqui Smith defended the plan to increase detainment time from 28 days during a parliamentary committee meeting. Out of 71 organizations consulted, only six expressed clear support for the proposal. However, Director of Public Prosecutions Ken Macdonald and former Attorney General Lord Goldsmith have both argued against the need for any changes. Despite needing Macdonald's support, Smith admitted that she had not met with him to discuss the proposal. Media reports over the weekend claimed that Jonathan Evans, the head of MI5, privately informed MPs that he did not support the new laws. On the other hand, senior police officers, such as London Commissioner Ian Blair, have expressed their support for the extension. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith argued that the proposed laws were necessary to allow the police more time to question suspects in complex terrorism cases. She assured that there would be safeguards in place, and any extension of time would require approval from both parliament and a judge. When questioned by members from both the opposition and government, Smith denied that the 42-day limit was politically motivated, stating that it was intended to ensure successful prosecutions. During a hearing, she mentioned that there is a possibility in the future of someone being released before evidence is fully developed due to the limited 28-day period. Despite initially agreeing with critics about not extending the time, she changed her stance due to ongoing terrorism threats. Smith acknowledged the potential risks of holding individuals longer than 28 days, stating that if proven wrong, the pre-trial extension would not be implemented. The announcement of the plans last week was met with criticism from opposition parties, human rights groups, and some Muslim organizations. The significant level of opposition, including from government MPs, suggests that Smith and Prime Minister Gordon Brown will face challenges in passing the laws through parliament. This situation would reflect the difficulties faced by former Prime Minister Tony Blair, who experienced his initial defeat in the House of Commons in 2005 while attempting to extend detention time to 90 days. | 2 |
According to a statement from the Bangladesh mission in Geneva on Monday, Bangladesh has been chosen as a titular member of the International Labour Organisation's governing body for the 2008-11 term. Bangladesh will be representing the Asia Pacific Group of countries within the ILO. The elections for 18 new titular members took place at the international labour conference in Geneva on Monday. The ILO governing body consists of 56 regular members and includes representatives from governments, employers, and workers in order to reflect the organization's tripartite structure. Acting labour and employment secretary Mahfuzul Haque, currently in Geneva, explained to bdnews24.com that the recent election demonstrates the international community's backing of the country's commitment to various ILO conventions. He noted that as a member of ILO GB, Bangladesh can play a significant role in safeguarding the rights of workers both domestically and internationally. Haque also mentioned that Bangladesh is currently working with ILO on projects such as eradicating child labor, improving conditions in the ship-breaking industry, and protecting workers from climate change-related risks. He expressed confidence that following the elections, Bangladesh will be able to collaborate on more projects with ILO to further support the labor community. | 2 |
The Foreign Service Academy held a training session for the first time, bringing together 15 young diplomats from neighboring countries as well as Bangladesh. At the closing ceremony, Foreign Secretary M Shahidul Haque presented certificates to the participants. The event was attended by ambassadors and high commissioners from various countries. The training covered topics such as diplomacy, foreign policy, human rights, international trade, energy security, and climate change. Additionally, the course included lessons on the history, culture, democratic values, traditions, and development priorities of the subcontinent. The participants also visited various cultural and economic institutions in Bangladesh. Established in 1996, the Foreign Service Academy provides specialized training for Bangladeshi diplomats. According to the foreign ministry, this was the first time they organized an international training program for foreign diplomats. Following the success of the program, they are considering making it a regular initiative. | 2 |
A Stone Age burial ground in the Sahara Desert, known as Gobero, has been found to contain the remains of humans, fish, and crocodiles who lived in the area when the desert was temporarily green. The site, dating back 10,000 years, was discovered in Niger in 2000 but has only now been fully studied and reported on by a team led by University of Chicago paleontologist Paul Sereno. The discovery was made while the team was searching for dinosaur fossils and stumbled upon the remains of both humans and animals, indicating two different settlements about 1,000 years apart. A woman and two children, their arms intertwined, were buried on a bed of flowers approximately 5,000 years ago, which is considered one of the most dramatic discoveries. The older group, known as Kiffians, were tall and robust hunter-gatherers who left the area during a drought about 8,000 years ago. The research team led by Sereno reported this in the journal PLoS ONE. Another group, the Tenerians, settled in the area between 7,000 and 4,500 years ago. They were smaller in stature and engaged in hunting, herding, and fishing. Both groups left behind various artifacts such as tool kits, fishhooks, ceramics, and jewelry. Chris Stojanowski, a bioarchaeologist from Arizona State University, commented that it is difficult to believe that two very different groups of people would bury their dead in the same location. The Sahara, the world's largest desert for thousands of years, experienced changes in the Earth's orbit 12,000 years ago which brought monsoons further north temporarily. The researchers conducted various tests on tooth enamel, pollen, bones, soil, and tools to determine the age of the site, artifacts, and remains. The researchers concluded that data from Gobero, along with other sites in North Africa, suggest that we are just starting to comprehend the intricate history of biosocial evolution in response to significant climate changes in the Sahara. | 2 |
Just a few nights ago, they were throwing Molotov cocktails during the anti-government protests in Hong Kong. When two of their friends were arrested by the police, they became afraid that they would be next. In a panic, they reached out to a private online group that assists people in escaping to Taiwan. Within hours, they were on a flight to Taipei. "We're running from the authorities," one of the protesters said nervously, looking around the food court. “We didn’t have much time to figure out what is happening.” The group quickly left the airport and got into a black van, speeding away towards an uncertain future. They are part of a group of over 200 young protesters who have sought refuge in Taiwan since the beginning of the Hong Kong democracy movement this year. Lawyers, pastors, and other supporters have assisted them in leaving, with dozens arriving in recent weeks after escaping from police besieged university campuses. The protesters are fleeing due to fears of arrest and violence, as the clashes between demonstrators and authorities have intensified, with police using tear gas, batons, and water cannons against them. Some protesters are becoming more aggressive after feeling disillusioned by the failure of the movement's peaceful tactics. They are vandalizing buildings and throwing bricks at police. Over 5,000 people have been arrested since the protests began in June, with hundreds facing potential harsh sentences. Despite vows to continue fighting, a growing atmosphere of mistrust is causing some demonstrators to leave Hong Kong out of fear of unfair treatment in court or abuse in detention, including allegations of sexual assault and rumors of torture. Others are seeking medical treatment in Taiwan after hearing about the arrests happening in Hong Kong hospitals. Protesters and organizers helping with the escapes have emphasized the need to keep certain details and identities confidential to ensure the safety of the operation. Chris Ng, a lawyer who has been representing arrested protesters, mentioned that some protesters have lost confidence in Hong Kong's judicial system due to the severe consequences they face for their actions. Ng has observed instances where protesters have not shown up for court hearings and likely fled Hong Kong. He believes that protesters are reluctant to face the legal consequences because they doubt they will be treated fairly or receive a punishment that is proportional to their offense. A hidden group of supporters has become active along the pipeline between Hong Kong and Taiwan, helping protesters by providing safe houses, organizing their exits, paying for airplane tickets, and arranging transportation to and from airports. Fishermen are offering boat rides for the 440-mile journey at a high cost, while pastors are creating smuggling routes for protesters who have been arrested and had their passports confiscated. Chun Sen Huang, a lively 54-year-old pastor at Chi Nan Presbyterian Church in Taipei, humorously mentioned that he is getting used to unexpected gatherings. He plays a crucial role in the network by coordinating travel plans, arranging accommodations, and connecting protesters with various resources in Taiwan. Huang is constantly on his phone, even during sermons and prayers, to fulfill requests. Recently, he was contacted by a protester who claimed to have been raped by Hong Kong police and needed help getting to Taiwan for an abortion. Additionally, he assisted 10 students who fled from Hong Kong Polytechnic University after a prolonged standoff between police and protesters. Huang introduced them to a lawyer who assisted in obtaining temporary student visas through a Taiwan university. A woman contacted, seeking a new guardian for her 14-year-old son, who had used Molotov cocktails. Taiwan, a self-governing island, is seen as a convenient and hospitable sanctuary. Similar to Hong Kong, it has a tradition of sheltering dissidents from mainland China. Despite Beijing's claim that Taiwan is part of China, Taiwanese leaders maintain their independence. Many Taiwanese citizens have shown their support for the protests in Hong Kong due to concerns about the Chinese government's interference in the region and how it could affect Taiwan's own democracy. The protests began in response to a now-withdrawn extradition bill that would have allowed Hong Kong to send fugitives to Taiwan for trial, even though the two do not have an extradition agreement. Protesters feared that this legal change could lead to dissidents being sent to mainland China for trial, where the courts are controlled by the Communist Party. While Taiwan is supportive of the protesters, the government is being cautious in its approach, as it does not want to provoke Beijing by enacting more lenient asylum laws. Many asylum seekers who come to seek refuge often find themselves in a legal grey area with only temporary visas. Huang, a pastor with 22 years of experience in Taiwan, has assisted numerous dissidents in escaping persecution from the Chinese government. However, he believes that the current operation he is witnessing is unprecedented in scale, resembling the clandestine network known as "Operation Yellowbird" which helped hundreds of dissidents escape China and reach Hong Kong after the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989. Huang remains optimistic, stating that "Darkness can never defeat light" as he guides five newcomers into the church. "I am confident that democracy and freedom will ultimately triumph over totalitarianism." It is a difficult choice for protesters to decide whether to flee or stay. Ali, a senior at Hang Seng University, has been arrested twice and could face a sentence of up to 10 years in prison. During her second arrest, she was held in a parking lot with 70 other protesters for 48 hours, lacking privacy. Ali described how male officers would enter the bathroom without warning and how she could hear other protesters being interrogated. She said she was accused of rioting without being told why. During her detention, she missed her first day of work as an associate teacher at a primary school and lost her job. As she waits for her trial, her aspiration to be a teacher is fading. "It's as if I'm picturing a previous existence," she expressed. "My prospects are destroyed," Ali stated from her grandmother's house, where she resides. The situation has led her to question what options are still available to her. With her passport taken away, she would need to depend on smugglers to transport her by boat to Taiwan. Despite this, she is concerned about leaving her elderly grandmother behind, as she is unable to care for herself. There is also uncertainty about whether she would be able to come back. Volunteer groups are offering financial assistance to protesters seeking to flee, with one social worker in her forties revealing that she has funded the journeys of 11 protesters to Taiwan. Not having children of her own, the social worker expressed a duty to assist young people, stating that she would be proud to have tried to aid them against totalitarianism even if she were to be arrested. She began fundraising for protesters fleeing in July, particularly helping a 17-year-old who had been kicked out of his home by his parents for participating in the protests. She mainly receives donations in cash and in person to avoid undercover police officers who may pretend to be supporters. She mentioned that the majority of people in Hong Kong are not happy and that it is not just a small group of radical youngsters influenced by the USA, as claimed by Beijing. She stated that support for the protests is coming from various sectors of society. In Taiwan, protesters who enter through proper channels are typically granted monthly visas, which can be renewed. A 22-year-old protester named Daniel has been living in Taiwan since July on an extended tourist visa. He described his initial involvement in the movement as "fairly radical" and mentioned that his face was caught on surveillance footage after storming Hong Kong's legislative building. The following day, two police officers approached him on the sidewalk and informed him that they knew who he was. This encounter made Daniel realize that he could no longer hide from the truth and that he needed to leave his home. Although he managed to avoid being arrested, he does not feel safe. He suspects that his phone has been hacked and that he is being followed. While he receives financial support from an aid group in Hong Kong to cover his living expenses, he worries that the money will not sustain him for long. The stress caused him to seek help from a psychologist, who determined that he has post-traumatic stress disorder. Daniel mentioned that the most difficult aspect is the longing he experiences for all that he abandoned. Before he left, he recalled standing at the bottom of his house's steps in tears. This memory constantly replays in his mind. He expressed his realization that he may never return to Hong Kong to see his home or his mother again. Text from around 2019 belonging to The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Last month, during the fighting in the northern Tigray region, an explosion at DBL's compound caused significant damage to the factory and forced the company to reassess its business operations. Adbul Waseq, an official at the company, described the terrifying experience of the blast, which led to the suspension of operations for DBL and other foreign garment makers in Tigray. Despite Ethiopia's substantial investments in infrastructure and industrial development over the past decade, the recent violence has disrupted the country's economic growth and stability. A year after Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed took office, promising to reduce the government's control over the economy and open up sectors like telecoms, investors were excited. However, Ethiopia has faced numerous challenges in the past two years, including ethnic conflicts, natural disasters, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent fighting between the army and Tigray's former ruling party has caused concerns about prolonged instability, leading investors to reconsider their optimism. The country's manufacturing export efforts have not yet generated enough foreign currency to cover imports or debt service costs, putting it at risk of financial trouble. The IMF had already warned of Ethiopia's high risk of debt distress before the pandemic. Abiy's government in Ethiopia stated that despite facing crises, the country is moving forward with reforms to lay the groundwork for a modern economy. Mamo Mihretu, a senior policy adviser in the prime minister's office, mentioned that the Ethiopian economy displayed impressive resilience despite challenges like the COVID pandemic and ongoing insecurity. Ethiopia's textile production is relatively small, with exports totaling $94 million in 2016 compared to $29 billion for Vietnam and $253 billion for China. The country's main exports include agricultural products like coffee, tea, spices, oil seeds, plants, and flowers. However, Ethiopia's focus on expanding its textile industry in the last decade reflects its aspirations in manufacturing. As the fighting approached Mekelle, the capital of Tigray, textile companies started closing down and evacuating their staff. Cristiano Frati, an electrician from a factory owned by Italian hosiery chain Calzedonia, expressed concern about not being able to leave as the conflict neared the city. Calzedonia announced on November 13 that it had halted operations at the plant, which has about 2,000 employees, because of the conflict. The company has not provided any additional comments on the situation. A broad perspective reveals the Hawassa Industrial Park located in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region of Ethiopia on November 17, 2017. Meanwhile, DBL has evacuated its foreign employees from Ethiopia. The managing director, M.A. Jabbar, expressed concern about the uncertainty surrounding the situation and questioned when the war will come to an end. Another international company, Velocity Apparelz Companies, which supplies H&M and Children's Place, has also temporarily closed down, according to a company official interviewed by Reuters. H&M expressed great concern and stated that they are closely observing the situation, mentioning that production has stopped at their three suppliers in Tigray. However, they plan to continue sourcing from Ethiopia, where they have a total of about 10 suppliers. Indochine Apparel, a Chinese company that supplies Levi Strauss & Co, reported that its operations in the Hawassa industrial park in southern Ethiopia are unaffected. Levi Strauss & Co stated that they are monitoring the situation closely and have not experienced any disruptions in their supply chain so far. Ethiopia's clothing industry was already facing difficulties due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic before the conflict in Tigray. Some factories closed down, while others reduced wages or let go of employees. This downturn was not exclusive to the garment sector, as insurance companies had already stopped offering coverage for political risks beyond certain regions of Ethiopia. A risk consultant advising businesses described Ethiopia's current situation as bleak. Similar to most individuals interviewed by Reuters, the consultant preferred to remain anonymous due to concerns about potential repercussions from government officials. Prior to the conflict in Tigray, Prime Minister Abiy's attempts to improve a repressive political environment had already led to ethnic violence. The escalation of violence in various regions of Ethiopia in 2019 had negatively impacted projects, particularly in agriculture. The head of an agri-industry project that had to postpone its investment last year mentioned, "The fighting began just as we were preparing to start planting." Workers are sewing clothes in the Indochine Apparel textile factory in Hawassa Industrial Park in Ethiopia. IKEA opened a purchasing office in Ethiopia last year but closed it in September due to various factors such as political and social unrest, COVID-19, and changes in the cotton market in Africa. Coca-Cola Beverages Africa, a bottling partner of Coca-Cola, stated that the conflict in Tigray has stopped business in Ethiopia, where it accounts for 20% of sales volumes. Additionally, construction delays for two new bottling plants, part of a $300 million investment plan, have been caused by the pandemic and an excise tax increase. Abiy declared victory over Tigray's former ruling party (TPLF) after the fall of Mekelle at the end of last month. Abiy's adviser Mamo stated that the quick and decisive military operation has effectively addressed any worries about political instability for the investment community. The TPLF has stated their intention to continue fighting. Ethiopia's external debt has increased significantly in the past ten years due to heavy borrowing, particularly from China, for infrastructure and industrial park projects. Foreign direct investment inflows have been decreasing consistently since reaching a peak in 2016 of over $4 billion, falling to approximately $500 million in the first quarter of the current fiscal year. Inflation is currently at approximately 20%. Finding solutions to these economic challenges is difficult, as obtaining additional funds from the IMF or accessing markets are not viable options. Menzi Ndhlovu, a senior country and political risk analyst at Signal Risk, an Africa-focused business consultancy, stated that their best hope is for a global economic recovery next year. Despite ongoing challenges, Ethiopia made significant progress by passing a landmark investment law and implementing currency reforms. The government is also moving forward with plans to liberalize the telecommunications sector, including opening tendering for new telecoms licenses and selling a minority stake in Ethio Telecom. Interested companies are reportedly undeterred by the current unrest, with sources predicting that these measures will provide a substantial boost to the struggling economy. However, at the moment, Ethiopia's ambitious plans for manufacturing have faced a setback. Waseq from DBL, who has gone back to Bangladesh, questioned, "Who would go there in this current situation?" and answered, "Nobody." | 2 |
However, in its highly anticipated announcement, Aramco, the most profitable company in the world, did not provide many specifics regarding the number of shares to be sold, pricing, or the launch date. According to bankers, investors are expected to value the company at approximately $1.5 trillion, which is lower than the $2 trillion valuation previously suggested by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman when he first proposed the IPO nearly four years ago. Aramco also did not address the security measures it has implemented following the unprecedented attacks on its oil facilities in September. Sources have indicated that the oil company may offer 1%-2% of its shares on the local stock exchange, potentially raising between $20 billion and $40 billion. A deal exceeding $25 billion would surpass the record set by Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba in 2014. Aramco Chairman Yasir al-Rumayyan stated at a news conference in Dhahran that new investors can benefit from Aramco's value and long-term growth potential. The company will be engaging with investors over the next 10 days to gauge interest before setting a price range for the IPO. The IPO aims to support Prince Mohammed's economic reform agenda by raising funds for non-energy industries and diversifying revenue streams. Rumayyan mentioned that a decision on an international listing for Aramco shares will be made in the future, with no specific timeline or location provided. Gary Ross, CEO at Black Gold Investors, suggested that selling a small portion of Aramco in a controlled market allows the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to maintain control over the company's value. Confirmation of the sale of shares in Saudi Arabian Oil Co, known as the oil giant, was announced approximately seven weeks after the damaging attacks on its oil facilities. This highlights Saudi Arabia's determination to proceed with the listing. Amin H Nasser, president and CEO of Saudi Aramco, made these statements during a news conference at the Plaza Conference Center in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia on November 3, 2019. Aramco stated that it does not anticipate the September 14 attack, which initially reduced its production by half, to significantly impact its business, operations, or financial status. According to Aramco, the company accounted for around one in every eight barrels of crude oil produced globally from 2016 to 2018. According to Reuters calculations, its net income for the third quarter of 2019 was $21.1 billion, far surpassing the income of oil giants like Exxon Mobil Corp, which was just over $3 billion for the same period. Rumayyan stated that the valuation would be determined after the investor roadshow. Amin Nasser, the CEO, announced that Aramco plans to release the prospectus on Nov. 9 during the news conference. To ensure the deal's success, Saudi Arabia is relying on easy credit for retail investors and significant contributions from wealthy locals. Rory Fyfe, managing director at Mena Advisors, believes that even with domestic players being pressured to invest, international investors will still value this lower than the expectations of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Attracting investors, the Saudi stock market experienced a 2% decline on Sunday following the Aramco announcement. According to fund managers and analysts, the benchmark index has dropped nearly 20% since May as local institutions have been selling shares to get ready for the Aramco deal. Salah Shamma, head of investment for MENA at Franklin Templeton Emerging Markets Equity, suggested that some local investors might be selling off other shares to redirect their investments to Aramco, potentially leading to short-term losses but long-term gains. To reassure investors, Aramco announced on Sunday that the state will waive its right to a portion of cash dividends on shares, giving preference to new shareholders. Additionally, Aramco is reducing the royalties it pays to the state. Starting from January 1, 2020, there will be a new royalty scheme in place for a company, with rates set at 15% up to $70 per barrel, 45% between $70 and $100, and 80% for prices above that. The Saudi market regulator has approved the company's listing application and has allowed non-resident institutional foreign investors to subscribe. Saudi investors may receive bonus shares, with a maximum of 100 bonus shares for every 10 allotted shares. Even with a valuation of $1.5 trillion, Aramco would still be worth at least 50% more than Microsoft and Apple, the world's most valuable listed companies with market capitalizations of around $1 trillion each. A 1% sale would bring in about $15 billion for Saudi Arabia, making Aramco the 11th largest IPO of all time according to Refinitiv data. Hasnain Malik, head of equity strategy at Tellimer, believes that there needs to be some perspective on the Aramco IPO in relation to the overall Saudi diversification story. He notes that the proceeds from the Aramco IPO are expected to be less than the dividends the government received from Aramco in the first half of 2019. The long-awaited listing of Aramco has generated significant interest on Wall Street since it was first mentioned by Prince Mohammed in 2016. The deal involves 27 banks, including Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, JPMorgan, and Morgan Stanley. The chairman of Aramco, Rumayyan, stated that he believes now is the right time for Aramco to become a public company and go public through an IPO. Initial plans for a large international listing of about 5% were put on hold last year due to debates over where to list Aramco overseas. Aramco announced that the IPO timeline was postponed due to its acquisition of a 70% stake in Saudi Basic Industries Corp. The IPO preparations were restarted after Aramco's successful international bond sale, which aimed to build relationships with potential investors. The anticipated listing announcement on Oct 20 was delayed as advisers required more time to secure cornerstone investors. The oil and gas sector is facing challenges from the growing movement against climate change and the shift towards "green" technologies, causing some fund managers in Europe and the US to steer away from these industries. Aramco's bond sale in April revealed its financial details for the first time, showcasing a net income of $111 billion, significantly larger than the combined net income of the top five oil majors. These companies have been increasing payouts to shareholders to respond to the mounting pressure from climate activists. Aramco announced its plans to pay out a total of at least $75 billion in ordinary cash dividends for the year 2020. With a valuation of $1.5 trillion, this would result in a dividend yield of 5%, which is lower than the dividend yield offered by its competitor, Royal Dutch Shell. Refinitiv data shows that Shell's dividend yield is over 6%. | 2 |
Classes were cancelled on Wednesday and Thursday for students in the Midwest, including Chicago, where the nation's third-largest school system is located. Police also warned of the increased risk of accidents on icy highways. Michigan announced that all state offices would be closed through Thursday. The US Postal Service, in an unusual move, halted deliveries in parts of the Dakotas through Ohio. Several deaths related to the extreme cold weather have been reported in Michigan, Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota since Saturday. Illinois State Police rescued 21 people who were stranded in a charter bus that broke down in sub-zero temperatures along Interstate 55 near Auburn due to the diesel fuel in its engine turning to gel. A 70-year-old man was discovered dead on a residential street in Detroit, according to a Detroit police spokeswoman. In the nearby community of Ecorse, a former city councilman in his 70s was also found dead in his sleepwear on Wednesday, as reported by local police. Additionally, a University of Iowa student, identified as Gerald Belz, was found dead outside a campus building early on Wednesday. The school stated that Belz, a pre-med student, likely died due to the extreme weather conditions. Meanwhile, the streets of Chicago were deserted, with very few people braving the frigid temperatures which were around 18 degrees below zero Fahrenheit (minus 28 Celsius). Pasquale Cappellano, a 68-year-old waiter, expressed his dismay while smoking a cigarette and waiting for a bus on Chicago's North Side, stating "It's terrible! I gotta pick up my medication at Walgreens or else I wouldn't be out the door." Meanwhile, Brian Pierce in Minneapolis braved the minus 14 F (minus 26 C) temperatures to experience the extreme weather, observing cars slipping on the roads and noting the unusual lack of grip. "My teeth are hurting." TRAVELING TO THE EAST Wind-chill temperatures in certain areas of the Northern Plains and Great Lakes dropped to as low as minus 42 F (minus 41 C) in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and minus 31 degrees F (minus 35 C) in Fargo, North Dakota, as reported by the National Weather Service (NWS). The freezing winds then moved towards the U.S. East Coast on Wednesday, causing temperatures to drop. Over a thousand flights, almost two-thirds of the total, were cancelled on Wednesday at Chicago O'Hare and Chicago Midway international airports, based on FlightAware. Additionally, Amtrak halted all train services to and from Chicago on Wednesday. Annie Carlson reported that her horses and sheep at Morning Joy Farm in Mercer, North Dakota were doing well and had the option to go into the barn for warmth. Her chickens, ducks, and guinea hens were also comfortable in the 70-degree F (21 C) climate inside their hoop house. According to NWS meteorologist Andrew Orrison, International Falls, Minnesota experienced some of the coldest wind chills, reaching minus 55 F (minus 48 C). The South Pole in Antarctica experienced warmer temperatures than usual, with an expected low of minus 24 F (minus 31 C) with wind chill. Chicago is also expected to see a significant drop in temperature on Wednesday night, possibly breaking the record low of minus 27 F (minus 33 C) set on Jan. 21, 1985. Banks and stores closed, and Waste Management Inc cancelled trash pickups in the Midwest. The extreme cold was caused by a disruption in the polar vortex, a stream of air that typically circulates around the North Pole but is now moving south. Authorities in the Midwest have established warming centers for those in need, including opening police stations in Chicago for refuge. Additionally, city buses have been designated as mobile warming centers for the homeless, with police distributing hats, jackets, and blankets. The Chicago Police Department is encouraging people to seek shelter from the cold, although no one will be forced to do so. Energy analysts predict that US homes and businesses will use a record amount of natural gas for heating on Wednesday. Xcel Energy requested that residents living to the north and northwest of the Twin Cities in Minnesota lower their thermostats to 60 F (16 C) due to strain on the natural gas supply system. The Michigan Agency for Energy announced that utility companies in the state will not disconnect gas or electric service for delinquent customers for the remainder of the week. This information was reported by the New York Times News Service in 2019. | 2 |
When Harper Lee wrote "To Kill A Mockingbird," she likely did not anticipate its future status as a classic or its impact on her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. The novel has brought attention to the town, attracting tourists and sparking discussions about the history of racial segregation in the south. "To Kill A Mockingbird" follows the story of two children in a fictional southern town, similar to Monroeville, whose father, an attorney, defends a black man accused of assaulting a white woman. Despite the man's innocence, he is found guilty by a jury composed entirely of white individuals. Some of the most impactful moments in the book occur when the children understand that their father's fight was ultimately futile. Released in 1960, the book quickly became popular, winning the Pulitzer Prize and selling over 30 million copies. The film adaptation starring Gregory Peck is widely regarded as a classic. However, the sales figures only reveal a portion of the book's overall impact. In the United States, many readers consider it their top novel. In a survey, it was ranked just below the Bible in terms of books that had a significant impact on readers. The Library Journal named it the best novel of the 20th century. Each spring, numerous tourists visit Monroeville to see sites related to Harper Lee's life, the book, and the courthouse featured in the movie. They also attend a stage production of the novel. Act One occurs outside in the court grounds, while Act Two moves indoors to the original oval-shaped courthouse where the story is set, giving the audience and actors a more immersive experience. This setting allows for the drama to play out realistically, with the audience, judge, lawyers, and defendant all in their appropriate positions as they would be in a real trial. Even the black cast members are segregated to the gallery, mirroring the segregation of the time period. The audience is captivated by witnessing the injustice unfold, while the volunteer actors are able to contemplate the message of the book through their annual productions. Detective Robert Champion, who portrays Boo Radley in the novel, emphasized the importance of not judging people and being tolerant of others but intolerant of injustice. He spoke with individuals who knew the real-life inspiration for the character. According to Jane Ellen Clark of the Monroeville County Heritage Museum, Harper Lee may have drawn inspiration from a real-life rape trial in Monroeville's old courtroom involving a black man, Walter Lett, who was falsely accused by white citizens. Lett's sentence was changed to life in prison and he passed away from tuberculosis in 1937 while in a state prison, according to Clark. George Thomas Jones, a former businessman who writes about local history, attended school with Lee and recalls her being a tomboy similar to the character of Scout, the narrator of the novel. Jones, who is now 81 years old, mentioned that he could comprehend why all-white juries at that time would have delivered a guilty verdict in such cases. He stated that people were often labeled as 'nigger lovers' and would face societal and economic consequences regardless of the circumstances. Jones observed that despite injustices against blacks, relations between blacks and whites were actually better in the 1920s and 1930s. He believed that there was mutual respect and no racial problems during that time. Although Alabama experienced major struggles during the civil rights movement, Monroeville quietly desegregated its public facilities. The most significant change was seen in school desegregation, according to residents. Mary Tucker, who arrived in the town in 1954 and worked in black and integrated schools, mentioned that the absence of protest did not mean that blacks were not unhappy about segregation. She pointed out that despite the separation between black and white schools, there were always individuals who attempted to be fair, similar to the character Atticus in Harper Lee's work. Tucker acknowledged that despite the history of segregation and oppression, there were always a few people who strived to do what was right. Lee, who is currently 81 years old and resides part-time in Monroeville, is seldom seen in public. Tucker described Nelle as modest and humble, mentioning that you might see her wearing jeans while shopping at the grocery store. He also noted that she is quite reserved. | 2 |
President Donald Trump recently put forward recommendations for reopening the economy, indicating that parts of the United States may soon return to a state of normalcy. Despite this optimistic outlook from the administration, many medical advisers and scientists have a more cautious view of the current crisis and what lies ahead. The future remains uncertain, with experts in various fields unsure of when we will be able to safely leave our homes. How much time will it realistically take to develop a treatment or vaccine for the virus? How can we prevent the spread of the virus? Some believed that American innovation, when fully utilized, could potentially lead to breakthroughs that would alleviate the challenges. The future course of action will rely on challenging yet achievable factors such as a gradual reopening, extensive testing and monitoring, an effective treatment, sufficient resources for healthcare workers, and ultimately a successful vaccine. However, pessimistic predictions for the upcoming year could not be avoided. Most experts believe that the optimistic scenario presented by Trump during his daily press briefings, where the lockdowns will end soon and life will return to normal, is a fantasy. They predict a future where the population will be unhappy, trapped indoors for months, and the most vulnerable may be quarantined for even longer. There are concerns that a vaccine may not be found quickly, that people will abandon restrictions despite the risks, and that the virus will be a long-term issue. Dr. William Schaffner, a specialist at Vanderbilt University, remains hopeful that the virus will ease off in the summer and a vaccine will be developed. I am now being cautious about my inherently positive outlook. While many experts predicted a quick recovery for the nation and its economy post-crisis, they also acknowledged that a period of significant hardship was inevitable. The outcome of the pandemic will be influenced by future medical advancements and the behavior of individual Americans. If we prioritize protecting ourselves and our families, more lives will be saved. If we fail to recognize the severity of the virus, it will affect us. The number of Americans who may die from COVID-19 could be higher than what the White House is reporting. The virus has been causing more deaths in the US daily since April 7, with over 1,800 fatalities. This official count may not reflect the true extent of the deaths. In comparison, heart disease and cancer typically cause fewer daily deaths in the US. Yes, the number of new coronavirus cases has stabilized. Hospital admissions in New York, the epicenter of the outbreak, have decreased, as have the number of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units. Although the daily death toll remains high, it is no longer increasing. The epidemiological model frequently referenced by the White House, created by the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, initially projected 100,000 to 240,000 deaths by midsummer. That estimate has since been revised to 60,000. View of New York City from Weehawken, New Jersey on April 16, 2020, as reported by The New York Times. However, despite this positive outlook, there are still major worries. The forecast by the institute only covers the initial wave of the epidemic until August 4, and it is predicted that the virus will continue to spread for years without a vaccine, leading to an increase in the number of deaths. The progress made so far in combating the pandemic was only possible by implementing strict shutdown measures, which cannot be sustained indefinitely. The White House's plan for reopening in phases is expected to result in increased death toll, regardless of how cautiously it is implemented. The goal is to minimize the number of fatalities, although long-term projections paint a grim picture. Experts have warned that without intervention, the virus could potentially infect a large percentage of the population and result in up to 1.7 million deaths in the United States. The president cited a model by researchers at Imperial College London on March 30, which predicted 2.2 million deaths in the US by September under similar circumstances. In comparison, approximately 420,000 Americans died in World War II. Limited data from China is concerning, as their epidemic has temporarily been halted and nearly all those infected in the first wave have either died or recovered. China has reported about 83,000 cases and 4,632 deaths, resulting in a fatality rate of over 5%. The Trump administration has raised doubts about the numbers, but has not provided more accurate data. Fatality rates are influenced by the strain on hospitals and the percentage of cases that are tested. In early January, China had an estimated death rate of 17% during the chaos in Wuhan, but by late February it had dropped to 0.7%. Hospitals in cities like New York faced overwhelming situations. Officials in Wuhan and New York had to increase their death tolls after realizing that many people had died at home from various causes or because they did not receive medical attention. During fast-moving epidemics, hospitals are overwhelmed with victims who may not be tested, while those who are asymptomatic never get tested, leading to an inaccurate fatality rate. Without knowing the true number of infections, it is impossible to determine the true lethality of a virus. The CDC has proposed conducting tens of thousands of antibody tests to identify potential silent carriers, which may make up 25% of positive cases in the US. Researchers in Iceland have suggested that the number could be twice as high. A health worker in Central Park, New York, checks her personal protective equipment in a mirror on April 16, 2020. The New York Times reported that China is also reevaluating its estimates. A recent study had previously indicated that only 1% of cases in Wuhan were asymptomatic, but new research suggests that the actual number might be closer to 60%. Our lack of knowledge in epidemiology is significant enough to cause epidemiologists distress. Dr. Anthony S Fauci, science adviser to the White House coronavirus task force, has emphasized that all models are subject to change when new data is received. This inconsistency may actually bring some positive news: the virus could be mutating to result in milder symptoms. While movies often portray viruses becoming more deadly, in reality they typically become less severe as asymptomatic strains are able to reach more hosts. Even though the 1918 Spanish flu virus eventually transitioned into the seasonal H1N1 flu, the current situation with the virus is still uncertain in terms of its transmissibility and lethality. The presence of refrigerated trucks outside hospitals indicates that it is more severe than a typical flu season. The lockdowns will eventually come to an end, but it may not be a smooth process. While the exact percentage of Americans who have been infected remains unknown, it is likely that a large portion of the population, possibly around 300 million people, are still susceptible to the virus. According to epidemiologists, it is not safe for a large number of people to suddenly stop social distancing until a vaccine or other protective measures become available. Dr. Peter J Hotez of Baylor College of Medicine warned against the belief that a vaccine will quickly solve the problem. Tomas Pueyo predicted a national lockdown followed by a gradual reopening of essential parts of the economy in his article "Coronavirus: The Hammer and the Dance." Each epidemiological model anticipates a scenario similar to a dance, where the virus flourishes when too many hosts are present, leading to the need for another lockdown. This cycle of surges and declines in deaths is depicted as a row of shark teeth on the models. Despite efforts such as keeping public venues closed, quarantining travelers, and restricting domestic travel, the models still predict inevitable surges in infections. According to experts, stricter restrictions lead to fewer deaths and longer intervals between lockdowns. Many models predict that states will eventually implement widespread temperature checks, rapid testing, and contact tracing, as is common practice in Asia. Even President Trump's "Opening Up America Again" guidelines include three levels of social distancing and recommend that vulnerable individuals stay isolated. The plan supports testing, isolation, and contact tracing, but does not specify how these measures will be funded or how long it will will take to implement them. Despite this, on Friday, President Trump contradicted his own message by encouraging protesters in Michigan, Minnesota, and Virginia to fight against their states' shutdowns. China did not permit cities like Wuhan and Nanjing to reopen until strict monitoring showed no new cases for 14 consecutive days, which is the virus' incubation period. In contrast to China and Italy, the US is still operating freely. Americans can travel domestically, drive wherever they please, and freely move about streets and parks. Despite restrictions, many individuals are secretly organizing play dates for their children, hosting backyard gatherings, or meeting others through dating apps. Consequently, the country has been experiencing up to 30,000 new cases of infection each day. Schaffner emphasized the importance of people understanding that it is risky to play poker while wearing bandannas. Despite strict precautions, Asian nations have faced challenges in controlling the virus. China has closed all movie theaters due to about 100 new infections daily. Singapore has shut down schools and nonessential businesses, while South Korea and Japan are also facing difficulties with the virus. Resolve to Save Lives, a public health advocacy organization led by Dr. Thomas R Frieden, a former director of the CDC, has released specific and stringent criteria for when the economy should reopen and when it should remain closed. The guidelines include requirements such as a 14-day decline in cases, contact tracing for 90% of individuals, no infections among healthcare workers, availability of recovery spaces for mild cases, and other challenging objectives. Frieden emphasized the need to gradually reopen the economy rather than rushing to do so, stating that now is the time to work towards achieving these goals sooner. He also highlighted the potential societal division between those who have recovered from the coronavirus and have some level of immunity, and those who are still susceptible to the virus. Dr David Nabarro, a special envoy on COVID-19 for the World Health Organisation, is predicting a terrifying divide in society. He believes that those who have antibodies will have the privilege of traveling and working, while others will face discrimination. People with presumed immunity are already in high demand, being asked to donate blood for antibodies and take on risky medical jobs without fear. Soon, the government will need to create a system to confirm who is truly immune. Dr Daniel R Lucey, a pandemics expert at Georgetown Law School, suggests that a test for IgG antibodies, which indicate established immunity, would be a logical solution. Many companies are currently working on developing these tests. Fauci mentioned that the White House is considering implementing certificates similar to those in Germany. China utilizes cellphone QR codes connected to personal information to prevent others from using them. The adult-film industry in California introduced a similar concept ten years ago, where actors use a cellphone app to show recent negative HIV tests and producers can confirm this on a secure website. With Americans in lockdown watching their immune neighbors return to normal life, there is a strong urge to follow suit through self-infection, according to experts. Younger individuals, especially, may consider that facing a severe illness is preferable to dealing with poverty and loneliness. Dr. Michele Barry, who leads the Centre for Innovation in Global Health at Stanford University, mentioned that her daughter, a Harvard economist, suggests that her age group should hold COVID-19 parties to build immunity and support the economy. This strategy has been used in the past - in the 1980s, Cuba successfully controlled its small AIDS outbreak by forcibly isolating individuals who tested positive. Despite the harsh measures, those in isolation camps had access to their own accommodations, food, healthcare, salaries, entertainment, and art classes. Many homeless youths in Cuba contracted HIV through risky behaviors before antiretroviral therapy was available, according to Dr. Jorge Pérez Ávila, a well-known AIDS specialist in Cuba. Similarly, young Americans may also be at risk of contracting COVID-19, even if they are healthy and slim. The virus can be controlled, but only with increased resources. Experts predict that the next two years will be characterized by periods of progress and setbacks. As more people with immunity return to work, the economy will gradually improve. However, if there is a sudden surge in infections, new lockdowns may be necessary. To prevent this scenario, widespread testing will be crucial. Dr. Fauci has stated that the virus will indicate when it is safe to resume normal activities. He is saying that by having a large number of daily tests conducted nationwide, any increase in viral spread can be detected when the percentage of positive results goes up. Detecting rising fevers through Kinsa's smart thermometers may provide an early warning, according to Schaffner. However, there have been issues with diagnostic testing from the start, with doctors and patients still experiencing delays and shortages despite promises from the White House. To effectively control the virus, experts believe that all sick individuals, even those with mild symptoms, should be isolated. In this nation, individuals who receive a positive test result are instructed to remain in their residences but maintain a distance from their families. Television reports have shown well-known figures such as CNN's Chris Cuomo, who recovered while in isolation in his basement while his wife left food at the top of the stairs, his children waved from a distance, and the dogs stayed back. However, Cuomo's situation highlighted the reasons why the WHO strongly opposes home isolation. He later disclosed that his wife also had the virus. Dr. Bruce Aylward, who headed the WHO observer team in China, emphasized the importance of quickly isolating all cases as the most crucial intervention. In China, individuals who tested positive for the virus, regardless of the severity of their symptoms, were mandated to be admitted to a hospital resembling an infirmary, typically located in a gymnasium or community center equipped with oxygen tanks and CT scanners. In these facilities, patients received care from nurses while recovering, which helped minimize the risk to their families and provided comfort in being surrounded by others in similar situations. Nurses also organized activities like dance and exercise classes to boost morale, aid in clearing lungs, and maintain muscle tone. However, opinions among experts were split on the concept of these specialized wards. Fineberg collaborated on an op-ed piece for the New York Times advocating for mandatory yet compassionate quarantine procedures. On the other hand, Marc Lipsitch, an epidemiologist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, disagreed with the concept, expressing concerns about the government forcibly separating individuals from their families. To effectively combat a virus, it is essential to test all the contacts of every confirmed case. However, the United States is falling short of this objective. For instance, individuals working in restaurants or factories may have numerous contacts. In China's Sichuan province, each confirmed case had an average of 45 contacts. The CDC has approximately 600 contact tracers, and, previously, state and local health departments had around 1,600, primarily for tracing cases of syphilis and tuberculosis. China recruited and provided training for 9,000 individuals in Wuhan alone. Frieden has recently predicted that the United States will require a minimum of 300,000 trained individuals. A vaccine is not expected to be available in the near future. Although human trials for three potential vaccines have commenced, with two in the United States and one in China, Fauci has emphasized that the process of developing a vaccine will take at least 12 to 18 months. Experts in vaccine production have collectively agreed that even this timeline may be overly optimistic. Dr. Paul Offit, a vaccinologist at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, pointed out that the current record for vaccine development is four years for the mumps vaccine. There is a debate among researchers about how to expedite the process. Advances in biotechnology, such as using RNA or DNA platforms, allow for faster development of potential vaccines. However, clinical trials still require time as the production of antibodies in the human body cannot be rushed. Additionally, some past vaccine candidates for coronaviruses like SARS have caused "antibody-dependent enhancement," which increases susceptibility to infection rather than providing protection, for reasons that are not entirely clear. In previous cases, vaccines for HIV and dengue have unexpectedly shown similar results. Typically, a new vaccine is initially tested on a small group of less than 100 healthy individuals. If the vaccine proves to be safe and generates antibodies, thousands more volunteers, particularly those at high risk like front-line workers, will participate in a Phase 3 trial where they will receive either the vaccine or a placebo. To expedite the process, scientists can use "challenge trials," where a small group of volunteers are vaccinated, develop antibodies, and then intentionally exposed to the infection to determine if the vaccine provides protection. Challenge trials are only used for diseases that are completely curable, such as malaria or typhoid fever. Under normal circumstances, it is considered unethical to expose individuals to a disease without a cure, like COVID-19. However, some experts believe that in the current unusual circumstances, conducting challenge trials on a small number of high-risk individuals may be more ethical than leaving millions at risk for an extended period. Lipsitch, who recently wrote a paper supporting challenge trials in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, argued that fewer people would be harmed in a challenge trial than in a Phase 3 trial involving thousands of participants. Following the publication of his paper, Lipsitch received volunteers willing to participate, while others expressed discomfort with the idea. "I believe it is highly unethical, but there may be a possibility of conducting challenge trials," stated Lucey. Vaccinologists warn that challenge trials may not recruit enough volunteers to detect potential safety issues like enhancement, which could be rare but dangerous. Michael T Osterholm, director of the University of Minnesota's Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, emphasized that challenge trials may not provide definitive answers on safety and could potentially pose a significant risk. Virologist Dr. W Ian Lipkin from Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health proposed an alternative approach of testing at least two vaccine candidates briefly in humans before conducting challenge trials in monkeys. Begin the production of the winning vaccine immediately, while also expanding human testing to identify any potential issues. Despite the challenges of testing a vaccine, experts have noted that producing hundreds of millions of doses is an even more daunting task. Most American vaccine plants typically only manufacture 5 to 10 million doses annually, primarily for the 4 million babies born and 4 million individuals who turn 65 each year, according to Dr. R Gordon Douglas Jr, a former president of Merck's vaccine division. However, if a vaccine is developed, the US may require 300 million doses - or potentially 600 million if two doses are necessary - along with a corresponding number of syringes. Douglas emphasized the importance of thinking on a large scale in terms of producing flu vaccines. He noted that while current flu vaccine plants are big, those that rely on chicken eggs are not ideal for modern vaccines grown in cell broths. European countries have their own vaccine plants, but they may need them for their own populations. China has a thriving vaccine industry and has the potential to expand it in the near future, possibly even producing vaccines for the US, according to experts. Captive customers have to pay whatever price the seller asks and some Chinese companies have imperfect safety and efficacy standards. India and Brazil also have large vaccine industries. If the virus spreads quickly through their crowded populations, they may achieve widespread herd immunity before the US does, potentially having spare vaccine plant capacity. Alternatively, retired medical historian Arthur M Silverstein suggested that the government could take over and sterilize existing liquor or beer plants, which have large fermentation vats. He stated that any distillery could potentially be transformed for this purpose. Treatments are expected to be developed and implemented before vaccines. In the near future, experts were more hopeful about treatments rather than vaccines. Some experts believed that convalescent serum could be effective. The traditional method of using antibodies from recovered individuals has been in practice for more than 100 years. The immunoglobulin containing antibodies is administered to patients through injections. The challenge is that there are currently only a small number of survivors available for blood donation. In the time before vaccines, antibodies were obtained from horses and sheep, but this method was difficult to maintain sterility and could sometimes lead to allergic reactions due to animal proteins. The contemporary solution is the use of monoclonal antibodies. Experts believe that these treatment regimens, which were on the verge of defeating the Ebola outbreak in eastern Congo, are the most promising short-term solution. The most effective antibodies are selected and their genes are inserted into a harmless virus that can multiply in a cellular solution. However, like vaccines, the process of growing and purifying monoclonal antibodies is time-consuming. In theory, with sufficient production, these antibodies could be used not only to save lives but also to protect frontline workers. The antibodies can remain effective for weeks before deteriorating, although the duration depends on various factors, and they are unable to eliminate viruses that are already concealed within cells. Having a daily preventive pill would be a more effective solution because pills can be manufactured in factories much quicker than vaccines or antibodies can be produced. However, even if such a pill was created, production would need to increase until it was widely available for all 300 million Americans to take daily. Trump has frequently mentioned hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, making his news conferences sound like commercials. Despite this, experts, including Fauci, agreed that no decisions should be made until clinical trials are completed, citing the thalidomide tragedy in the 1950s as an example of the dangers of inadequate testing. Multiple hydroxychloroquine studies have been stopped due to patients experiencing abnormal heart rhythms from high doses. Barry expressed skepticism about the tolerability of high doses and potential vision issues from accumulation, but suggested exploring its potential as a PrEP-like drug. Dr. Luciana Borio criticized Trump's suggestion of combining chloroquine with azithromycin as "total nonsense." I informed my family that if I were to get COVID-19, they should not give me chloroquine. Some doctors believe that chloroquine may help protect hospitalized patients with pneumonia from severe cytokine storms by reducing immune reactions. However, it is not effective for preventing infections as President Trump has suggested, as it lacks antiviral properties. Various antivirals, such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and baloxavir, are currently being tested against the coronavirus, with trials in China expected to release results soon. Trials in the US do not have set end dates yet. Farewell to the 'America First' mindset as unprecedented societal changes have occurred. Schools and businesses nationwide have shut down, millions are jobless, taxes and mortgage payments are on hold, and foreclosures are prohibited. Refrigerated trucks serving as makeshift morgues in New York highlight the severity of the situation. Stimulus checks have started arriving in bank accounts, turning much of America into a temporary welfare state. Food banks are being established in various locations in the country, resulting in long lines of people. Refrigerated trucks are being used as mobile morgues on Randall's Island in New York as of April 15, 2020, according to The New York Times. The current public health crisis calls for unprecedented international collaboration, but President Trump is taking steps to defund the World Health Organization, the only organization capable of coordinating such a response. Additionally, he has been engaging in conflicts with China, which currently has the most powerful economy in the world and may become the leading provider of drugs and vaccines. China has used the pandemic to increase its global influence by providing medical equipment to nearly 120 countries, including the US through Project Airbridge, overseen by Jared Kushner. Experts suggest that in the current world climate, an "America First" strategy may not be effective, and recommend collaboration with China for public health efforts. Nicholas Mulder, an economic historian at Cornell University, has likened Kushner's project to a reverse version of America's Lend-Lease program during World War II. Osterholm was more straightforward in his statement. He mentioned that if we offend the Chinese with our language, it may have negative consequences. He raised the question of what would happen if they develop the first vaccine and get to choose who to sell it to. Would we be their first choice? Why should we be worried about what happens after the pandemic? The nation's recovery may happen quickly, as it did after previous world wars. However, the long-term psychological effects are more uncertain. Prolonged isolation and economic hardship could lead to increased levels of domestic violence, depression, and suicide. There may also be changes in political beliefs as a result. At first, the virus disproportionately affected Democratic cities such as Seattle, New York, and Detroit. However, as it continues to spread across the country, no one will be unaffected. Even residents in Republican-leaning states who do not hold Trump responsible for the country's lack of preparedness or limited access to healthcare may reconsider if they witness loved ones succumb to the virus. In a bold analysis outlined in his subsequent article titled "Coronavirus: Out of Many, One," Pueyo examined Medicare and census data regarding age and obesity in states that resisted shutdowns and counties that supported the Republican party in 2016. He concluded that these voters could face a 30% higher risk of dying from the virus. In the aftermath of both wars, Mulder observed that there was an increase in societal equality and incomes. Various measures were implemented such as funds for veterans' and widows' pensions, the implementation of the GI Bill and VA home loans, the strengthening of unions, and a decrease in tax benefits for the wealthy. Experts predict that if a vaccine is successful in saving lives, many Americans may become more trusting of conventional medicine and more open to accepting science in general, including climate change. It is even possible that the clear blue skies that have been seen over American cities during the lockdown could become a permanent feature. | 2 |
A woman named Amanda Otero, holding a clipboard, inquired Hoch about her intentions to vote in favor of a ballot measure that would replace the Minneapolis Police Department with a Department of Public Safety. Hoch immediately responded with a firm no, but was open to having a conversation. They ended up talking for nearly 20 minutes. Hoch, aged 35, expressed her belief that the proposed change would ultimately lead to failure. "It lacks depth," she said. She also had negative opinions about the police, as she knew individuals who had experienced mistreatment. Otero noted that they seemed to have similar beliefs. Hoch expressed frustration, stating that something was hindering genuine change. Otero, who holds the position of deputy director at TakeAction Minnesota, was attentive during the conversation. Finally, she inquired where Hoch would place herself on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 indicating complete support for the ballot measure. At the start, Hoch had identified herself as a three. However, she now identified as a five. This was an example of deep canvassing in action - a messy, indirect approach to convincing voters not with scripted arguments or literature, but by encouraging them to discuss their personal experiences and emotions. The ultimate objective is to gain voter support for a particular policy while also aiming to alter their perspectives in the long run, rather than just for one election or on one issue. In Minneapolis, the focus is on not only building support for the charter amendment to change the police department but also on prompting voters to reconsider the concept of law enforcement, especially in the city where Derek Chauvin, a former police officer, was convicted of murdering George Floyd. This event sparked a movement for racial justice. Deep canvassing, which involves exchanging personal stories and fostering empathy with those who have different perspectives, is seen as a slower, more thoughtful approach to activism in an age of rapid communication methods. While many political campaigns target individuals who already agree with their views, deep canvassing seeks to reach out to those who may need their minds changed in order to support a specific policy or candidate. Before heading out to engage with residents about a Minneapolis ballot measure on Oct 10, 2021, canvassers are given a briefing and split into groups. The goal of deep canvassing is to have in-depth conversations with voters, particularly those who may need to be convinced. Minneapolis serves as a crucial test case for those hoping to expand deep canvassing efforts nationwide, with the aim of not only changing minds on policy issues, but also rebuilding trust in the democratic process. Organizers aim to engage in deep canvassing by having extended conversations with voters, particularly focusing on those who may need convincing. Steve Deline, of the New Conversation Initiative, emphasizes the importance of creating a space for people to share their thoughts and feelings without judgment, in order to find common ground. This approach is seen as effective in persuading individuals who have not yet embraced progressive changes on issues like immigration, transgender rights, and policing. Deep canvassing involves lengthy discussions at the door that can leave both the canvasser and the voter feeling more open and understanding. According to George Goehl of People's Action, progressives have the ability to introduce important ideas into the national dialogue like never before. In order to achieve success, it is necessary to engage in discussions with individuals who have differing opinions. The process is demanding and costly, as training canvassers is time-consuming. The majority of voters do not open their doors, and those who strongly oppose may avoid talking to strangers at their door. In Minneapolis, a team of 60 volunteers and staff members have reached only 2,400 voters after visiting 6,900 homes and making 49,000 phone calls in a city of 2.9 million. Despite the challenges, this method of persuasion has proven to be successful. It originated from gay-rights activists in California in 2009 following the ban on same-sex marriage. Three years later, advocates in Minnesota used deep canvassing to help defeat a similar ban on same-sex marriage. Currently, this political strategy is mainly utilized by left-leaning activists. A study conducted in 2016 by researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and Yale showed that deep canvassing in Miami and Los Angeles was effective in changing the opinions of some voters who were hesitant to support transgender rights. This was achieved by encouraging voters to reflect on their own experiences of discrimination. Canvassers from Take Action Minnesota are preparing to discuss a Minneapolis ballot measure on October 10, 2021. Take Action Minnesota is using deep canvassing as a strategy to connect with voters by knocking on doors. Goehl's group also employed deep canvassing by phone to sway rural white voters in swing states for Joe Biden in 2020, with data showing it was more effective than traditional canvassing. In 2021, Take Action Minnesota canvassers are discussing a Minneapolis ballot measure with residents, focusing on engaging voters through deep canvassing. The supporters of the charter amendment in Minneapolis are using deep canvassing to address racism and advocate for law enforcement reform, despite opponents reducing it to simply "defunding the police." Changing people's opinions on race requires genuine human interaction where people listen to truly understand, rather than just seeking confirmation. This process will not be quick or easy, but it is necessary. Despite lengthy conversations about the police issue, racism was not addressed in training sessions or discussions with voters. The observations revealed that most of the canvassers and voters were white. Some white voters expressed that they would be more inclined to support a measure if they knew it had the backing of the majority of Black voters. It was only as Otero was leaving the home of Hoch, the librarian, that Otero noticed a Black Lives Matter sign in the front window. Maybe she had not noticed an opportunity before. However, a pleasant surprise occurred when a woman sitting on the neighboring porch beckoned her over. This woman also had a Black Lives Matter sign displayed at the front of her house, as well as a sign with the word "love" written in various languages. Mary Scavotto introduced herself and mentioned that it was her birthday. Otero politely refused a slice of cake and began her presentation. Scavotto was well aware of the charter amendment. She expressed her concerns about the idea of completely changing everything without a plan. Having lived on the block for nearly two decades, Scavotto mentioned that she would leave Minneapolis if the measure was approved. She cited a gas station that burned down the previous summer as an example. She remembered how she and her neighbors were cautious about removing any items from their porch that could potentially be used to harm their homes. "We were prepared with our bags packed, gas in the tank, and ready to leave at any time," she recalled. Reflecting on the current situation, she expressed concern about the lack of police presence and its potential consequences. She mentioned that she no longer feels comfortable letting her children go out after dark. Agreeing with her, Otero pointed out that despite increased police funding, people do not feel any safer. She then shared her brother's mental health struggles and her mixed feelings towards law enforcement. Otero, a Latina woman, expressed her dilemma about whether she wants the police to arrest her brother in order for him to receive help. She also expressed concerns about him having a criminal record and if he would actually receive the help he needs. She shared her fear regarding her husband, an immigrant from Nicaragua, driving in Minneapolis. Scavotto, a white woman, listened attentively and acknowledged the lack of safety people of color feel with the police, emphasizing the need for reform. Otero expressed hope that more conversations like this would lead to greater understanding and clarity. "What do you believe would be necessary in Minneapolis for us to truly unite, regardless of age, race, class, or life experiences?" she inquired. "We are still coping with the aftermath of a traumatic year." "That's the ultimate question," Scavotto responded, with a nervous chuckle. "I'm struggling to even get along with my eight siblings at the moment." Reflecting on their conversation days later, Scavotto admitted that it had kept her awake that night. She noted how Otero had listened more than she had spoken, and she vowed to attend local forums to gain a better understanding of the charter amendment. She stated that she is not ready to change her vote at the moment, but mentioned that she is becoming more receptive to the idea. | 2 |
A recent study suggests that some US bloggers are using the popular fantasy drama watched by almost 20 million viewers as a tool to raise awareness about climate change. Manjana Milkoreit, a research fellow at Arizona State University, noted that bloggers, including scientists and science communicators, are using "Game of Thrones" to spark public conversations about the dangers of global warming. This use of the show is part of a larger trend in climate change fiction, or "cli-fi", aimed at making the topic more engaging and less intimidating for the general public. Milkoreit explained that by discussing climate change in the context of the show and highlighting potential solutions, bloggers hope to encourage more people to get involved in addressing this global issue. The climate concerns in the fictional world of Westeros may not seem important to those who are not familiar with it, but they have sparked lively debates online in the United States about the impact of global warming. Milkoreit, a sustainability fellow, discovered six climate-focused blogs related to "Game of Thrones" in 2013, which grew to eight blogs the following year. She predicts that the new season of the show will lead to even more discussions. The blogs draw comparisons between how the people of Westeros react to the impending threat of winter and how the real world responds to climate change, helping to explain the complex relationship between climate change and politics. Fantasy or reality? Some bloggers see the White Walkers in "Game of Thrones" as a representation of the threat of climate change, while others compare the Night's Watch to scientists warning about impending problems. The connection to climate change in the show may not be as obvious as in other films like "The Day After Tomorrow" and "Snowpiercer," which directly focus on the issue. There is disagreement among academics about how effective these types of films are in raising awareness and prompting action among viewers. Elizabeth Trobaugh, a teacher at Holyoke Community College, believes that such films can help the cause of climate change awareness. "For many people who watch movies, these climate fiction films may just seem like action films, but for others, they serve to raise awareness and generate interest in the environment," she stated. However, Ted Howell, who teaches a climate fiction class at Temple University in Philadelphia, believes that viewers may have misconceptions about the reality of climate change. "Some individuals believe that climate change will manifest as a catastrophic tidal wave or massive snowstorm, when in reality, it is a slower process," he explained. Striking a balance between an engaging storyline and scientific accuracy can be challenging, but Milkoreit believes that it is important to strive for this in order to effectively address climate change issues. "It is crucial to involve people in a way that is enjoyable and does not deter them," she emphasized. | 2 |
In 1621, the Pilgrims in Massachusetts celebrated the first Thanksgiving festival to give thanks for a successful harvest. As we gather around our Thanksgiving tables today, many of us immigrants or descendants of immigrants, we are reminded of the pressing need for President-elect Obama to address the flaws in our immigration policy. Rather than having a logical immigration system, we currently see sporadic immigration officer raids at workplaces suspected of hiring undocumented individuals, leading to deportations that can tear families apart. The most contentious aspect of the immigration issue is how to handle the approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants. Many individuals are not expected to go back to their home countries, even with the current challenging economic conditions. It is also not desirable for them to do so, as they contribute to the workforce in various high-skill areas like scientific and medical research, as well as in low-skill jobs that are necessary but often overlooked. In 2007, President Bush's immigration proposals were not approved by Congress, despite support from both Democratic and Republican leaders. The question now is whether President Obama will be able to achieve success where Bush did not. Obama's proposal is similar to the failed bill, including increased border protection, more visas for new immigrants, penalties for employers hiring undocumented workers, and eventual citizenship for undocumented workers after paying a fine. While it would be a significant improvement, if Congress does not pass immigration reform, narrower action could still improve American labor markets. This could involve authorizing the Department of Labor to independently determine the number of work permits and temporary visas issued each quarter. The Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) follows the law by granting 65,000 H-1b temporary visas for skilled workers. These individuals are chosen by the Labor Department from a pool of around 630,000 approved applications. Those holding H-1b visas must leave the US when their employment ends. However, the majority of applicants do not receive a visa. Many skilled foreign college graduates who have studied in the US, often with American taxpayer funding, are unable to secure jobs in America. Foreign workers must depart, bringing along their intellectual accomplishments and valuable expertise. They are an asset to the American economy, contributing through tax payments and by keeping various establishments like laboratories, hotels, high-tech exhibitions, and construction projects operational. If they are forced to leave, these contributions will cease. In 2009, the H-1b visa cap of 65,000 was reached quickly after applications opened on April 1, 2008. This number is only a small fraction of the total U.S. labor force of 154 million. Even if the cap was increased to 150,000, it would still only be a tiny percentage of the labor force. This means that most potential applicants do not even apply due to the low chance of success. While Congress may struggle to adjust laws based on economic conditions, the Labor Department is better equipped to evaluate changing labor markets and adjust visa quotas accordingly. It is suggested that Congress should allow the Labor Department to determine the number of visas to be issued on a quarterly basis. This would involve issuing fewer visas when unemployment rates increase, and more visas when they decrease. By giving the Labor Department control over visas, it could be managed without negatively impacting U.S. workers or community resources. Allowing this adjustment in legal immigration each quarter could benefit America, potentially helping President-elect Obama move past the contentious immigration issues of the Bush administration and set a positive tone for the upcoming year. Diana Furchtgott-Roth, who previously served as chief economist at the U.S. Department of Labor and is now a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, believes that having something to be grateful for next Thanksgiving would be significant. These opinions are her own, and she can be contacted at [email protected]. | 2 |
The current pandemic has caused widespread death and overwhelmed hospitals, leading to the transformation of wards into triage centers. People now prepare for trips to the grocery store as if they were entering a battlefield, wearing masks and gloves. This situation is reminiscent of Europe's past experiences with terrorism, but the invisible and pervasive nature of the virus creates a new type of fear. Unlike acts of terrorism, the virus is a natural threat with no clear end in sight. A significantly different reaction has been required in response to the new coronavirus compared to terrorism. While people may flee in fear from a terrorist attack, they often come together in solidarity and defiance afterwards. However, once the lockdown due to the coronavirus is lifted, people are expected to emerge cautiously, like moles from their burrows. Peter R Neumann, a professor of security studies, notes that despite the higher likelihood of dying in a car accident or from a bathtub fall compared to terrorism, people tend to fear terrorism more due to the lack of control they have over it. Terrorism is not only about killing people, but also about manipulating our thoughts and interests. The coronavirus is particularly terrifying because it cannot be controlled or fought with traditional methods like surveillance or persuasion. Unlike human or ideological enemies, the virus is something unknown and unpredictable, causing fear for good reason. Despite man-made threats typically being more feared, the natural disaster of the coronavirus is proving to be more deadly and destructive. Julianne Smith, a former security adviser to former Vice President Joe Biden and now at the German Marshall Fund, pointed out that terrorism and the pandemic have a wide-reaching impact on society beyond just the immediate threats they pose. Both create a sense of helplessness as individuals cannot predict when or where they will strike, leading to fear in everyday activities like being in crowds or attending events. Joshua A Geltzer, former senior director for counterterrorism on the National Security Council and now a law professor at Georgetown, noted that the randomness of terrorism and the virus adds to the fear they instill in people. The ability of the virus to make people consider that they could be affected like others does not require the same response as a terrorist attack, according to Geltzer. While a bombing at a public event like the Boston Marathon may prompt individuals to question attending similar events in the future, the virus demands a more collective approach. Instead of focusing solely on personal safety, individuals must consider the well-being of others by preventing the spread of the virus and avoiding overwhelming the healthcare system. This situation calls for a different type of unity and solidarity compared to the response to terrorist attacks in the past, where leaders encouraged citizens to continue with their daily lives and show resilience and defiance in the face of fear. In light of the virus outbreak, many societies were unprepared, and now resilience means staying at home instead of traveling. Governments are struggling to shift from urging calm during times of terrorism to instilling fear to promote collective action. Unlike with terrorism, the current crisis requires people to remain stationary rather than mobilize. Geltzer noted that staying at home or mandating production of protective gear may not be as appealing as traditional security responses like helicopters and shootouts. "We are not accustomed to cheering 'USA! USA!' for home schooling. It will also be challenging for governments to adapt their security systems to address threats that are not deterred by increased military spending and surveillance. Historically, analysts focusing on non-traditional threats such as health and climate were viewed as less important. However, this perception has shifted significantly. Departments dedicated to health security and virologists employed by the CIA will become more common, altering our understanding of security. Future threats may include concerns about economic downturns, mounting debt, and social unrest." There is concern about the impact of the current low oil prices on Arab and Persian Gulf countries, particularly in relation to paying salaries for civil servants and the military, as well as managing subsidies on bread. The Islamic State group has even advised its followers to avoid areas affected by epidemics. Hegghammer, who experienced the terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011, notes the country's response of unity and cooperation during that time, as well as during the current pandemic. The concept of "dugnad," referring to communal work, is being emphasized once again as individuals come together to help one another, regardless of political differences. The connection between the virus and past attacks in Norway is being openly discussed in the country. The government's lack of preparedness in dealing with a major threat is being criticized in a critical manner. In Norway, there will likely be a commission of inquiry after the recent events, just like there was in the United States after Sept 11. However, unlike homogeneous Norway, the divided United States is experiencing a slowly unfolding crisis that affects different parts of society at different speeds. This lack of unity is exacerbated by political polarization and partisan battles over science and facts. The impact of the virus on the country is compared to the plague in Athens during the Peloponnesian War, leading to indifference towards religion and law and the rise of more reckless politicians. She stated that the White House's delayed response ultimately undermines the current political leadership and societal practices. If the political repercussions are significant, it could result in the decline of the imperial presidency and a resurgence of federal and congressional activism as intended by the Founding Fathers. Despite the political divisions caused by the virus, it serves as a reminder that free societies rely on civic responsibility norms. | 2 |
There is a concern that focusing on technological advancements may distract us from addressing a more fundamental issue: reducing our reliance on cars. After years of prioritizing automobiles in the US transportation system, we are now facing the negative consequences such as pollution, traffic, accidents, urban sprawl, and limited alternative transportation options. The solution to these problems may involve not only using different types of vehicles but also reimagining a world with less dependence on cars. Author Peter Norton discusses the history of unmet promises from car manufacturers and tech companies claiming to offer solutions to reduce our reliance on cars in his new book, prompting a reflection on the risks and benefits of placing faith in technology. Radio waves, highway engineering, transistors, and technology adapted from targeted bombs were all proposed as ways to create a perfect automobile society after World War II. Norton explained that while these technologies were not fully developed, the goal was to allow everyone to drive anywhere, anytime, park for free, and eliminate crashes. However, these technologies did not succeed, and Norton is skeptical that driverless cars will either. He believes that the belief that high tech is always better is flawed. Many driverless car proponents also acknowledge that the technology will not be ready for widespread use for many years. Our health and the health of the planet could see major improvements by transitioning to electric vehicles, which are a key topic at the global climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland. Removing error-prone drivers from the equation could also enhance road safety. However, simply improving cars is not a complete solution. While promoting electric vehicles, there is a potential risk of reinforcing dependence on cars, as discussed by my colleague Farhad Manjoo in the New York Times Opinion. Driverless vehicles could potentially lead to an increase in the number of miles driven, worsening traffic congestion and urban sprawl. Despite promises from services like Uber to reduce congestion and decrease the amount of driving done by Americans, they actually had the opposite effect. Moving forward, the transportation industry should focus on developing safer and more energy-efficient vehicles. However, it is also important to invest in making walking, cycling, and using shared transportation options more affordable and appealing. Norton is discussing a concept that may seem unrealistic, resembling something Greta Thunberg would come up with. The car is seen as a crucial convenience that has significantly impacted our lives, making it challenging, expensive, and controversial to shift our dependence away from it. However, there are compelling reasons to make the effort, as the current transportation system is hazardous, environmentally harmful, and consumes a significant amount of public resources. The car has been the centerpiece of American society for many years. It was a decision that was sometimes debated, but now we had the option to choose a different direction. Norton suggested considering what would happen if a portion of the large amount of money being used to develop driverless cars was instead invested in practical products and policy changes. He proposed ideas such as changing zoning laws to allow for more housing to be built near stores, schools, and workplaces to reduce the need for excessive driving. He also highlighted the benefits of bicycles and electric railways that do not rely on batteries, stating that they provide more positive impact than any driverless car technology. Speaking with Norton made me think about the pros and cons of innovation. We understand that technology enhances our quality of life. However, we are also aware that placing too much faith in technology can prevent us from addressing the underlying issues causing our problems. © 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Biden's proposed "Billionaire Minimum Income Tax" would impose a 20% minimum tax rate on households with a net worth exceeding $100 million, primarily impacting the more than 700 billionaires in the United States. According to a White House fact sheet released on Saturday, this tax would apply to all income, including unrealized investment income that is currently untaxed. The tax is expected to reduce the budget deficit by approximately $360 billion over the next ten years. Senate Democrats had previously suggested a similar tax last year to help fund Biden's "Build Back Better" social and climate-change initiatives, but the proposal did not advance due to lack of support in the Senate. | 2 |
More than 1,000 residents sought refuge in Tinabanan Cave, climbing up 32 feet of slippery soil and limestone. Lorna dela Pena, who was alone when the super-typhoon hit on Nov 8, recalled the devastation caused by the storm. Despite feeling disoriented, she was able to evacuate to the cave. She mentioned that stairs were not built to access the cave comfortably until after the Haiyan disaster, fulfilling her grandfather's dream. While providing evacuees with hot porridge, Dela Pena realized the vital role that local organizations play in helping communities become more resilient in the face of harsher weather conditions due to global warming. She emphasized the power of unity in assisting those in need, stating that what may seem impossible for one person becomes achievable when everyone comes together. Inspired by this insight, she collaborated with fellow residents in Marabut to establish women's groups dedicated to various causes. These groups now spearhead workshops on organic farming, address issues of violence against women, and promote the adoption of renewable energy among other women in the community. Azucena Bagunas, 47, and dela Pena are part of a group of individuals known as "solar scholars" who have been trained by the Philippines-based Institute for Climate and Sustainable Cities (ICSC) to promote low-carbon development and climate resilience. In response to the devastation caused by Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Yolanda, the women have learned how to operate portable solar-powered generators called TekPaks for use during evacuations. This technology has proven to be life-saving, as it illuminates dark caves like Tinabanan, allowing for easier counting of evacuees and charging of mobile devices to maintain communication. Bagunas recalls a particularly memorable instance when the TekPak was used to power a nebulizer during an asthma attack, ultimately saving a life. Bagunas and dela Pena are educating other women on how to use TekPaks and informing them about the advantages of renewable energy. In Marabut, women make sure their solar-powered devices are charged before a storm hits so they can evacuate their communities safely. Bagunas pointed out that utilizing solar energy is more cost-effective than depending on coal-generated electricity. She emphasized that by using solar power as the primary energy source at home, one can avoid electricity bills altogether, as long as they have a solar panel for affordable and dependable energy. Bagunas also favors solar power as a safer alternative. In June, her brother's house caught fire due to a live electricity wire hitting his roof, causing damage to parts of her own house as well. According to 2020 data from the Department of Energy, the majority of the Philippines' energy still comes from coal and oil, with renewable sources accounting for only about 34%. However, the government aims to increase the use of renewable energy, particularly solar, with a goal of reaching half of power generation by 2040. Chuck Baclagon, Asia regional campaigner for 350.org, praised the efforts of ICSC in bringing solar power to communities as a way to promote clean energy at a local level. Today's current centralized power system, which relies on fossil fuels, is not effectively addressing energy poverty in remote island areas located far from commercial centers. The transition to solar energy challenges the belief that this shift is unaffordable, as fossil fuels are expensive due to being imported and subject to market volatility. In contrast, renewable energy sources like solar can be built locally, tapping into available resources and offering significant potential in specific locations. Oxfam Philippines' resilience portfolio manager Leah Payud expressed support for introducing solar energy in impoverished rural communities, emphasizing the benefits for women and children who are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. She stated that women's unpaid care work and domestic work doubles during disasters, and the burden is increased by the need to find an energy source for these tasks. Women lack access to a clean kitchen and electricity, which makes tasks like cooking and breastfeeding more challenging. She emphasized that women should be involved in expanding the adoption of clean, cheap, and easily available energy due to the direct benefits they can gain. Without the involvement of women, renewable energy initiatives may not be suitable. She concluded by saying that gender justice is essential for climate justice. A good method to introduce women to renewable energy is by having them create a 24-hour clock detailing their household chores and the energy they use, as suggested by Payud. By consulting with Oxfam staff on switching energy sources, women can see how it could make their tasks easier and more relatable. This exercise has shown that many women spend a significant amount of time on unpaid family care work, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In energy-deprived areas like Suluan Island, women face risks when collecting water after dark, prompting them to rely on solar lights instead of oil lamps for safety and convenience. Payud stated that solar energy is the most reliable energy source in times of disaster, particularly when the main power supply is disrupted and transportation between islands is not possible. Following the aftermath of Haiyan, it took six months to restore electricity in remote communities, a situation that could have been avoided if women had access to alternative energy like solar. According to dela Pena and Bagunas, women play a crucial role in addressing climate change and energy poverty as they are often the first to address and resolve family issues. | 2 |
Britain has not yet determined the amount of energy it plans to obtain from renewable sources such as wind and solar by 2020. This lack of ambition is causing concern among industry players. In March, European Union leaders agreed to a mandatory target of obtaining one-fifth of all energy from renewable sources by 2020 to combat climate change. The distribution of this target among the 27 EU member states has not been decided. Tough negotiations are expected before a decision is made in January, and the renewable energy industry is worried that Britain's goals are not ambitious enough. The Renewable Energy Association of Britain believes there is a negative outlook on renewables in the country. Renewable energy is better for the environment but is more costly than traditional fossil fuels, so it requires support in research, development, and installation to promote investment and reduce costs. Greene referenced EU data that indicated in 2005, Britain obtained 1.8 percent of its energy from renewable sources, compared to the EU-27 average of 6.7 percent. The UK government confirmed their commitment to the EU's 20 percent target for renewable energy, stating that they are in the process of determining how to achieve this goal. Despite existing policies, Britain expects to only reach 5 percent renewable energy by 2020, deeming the EU target as ambitious. Leaked documents suggest that doubling the renewable energy share to 10 percent by 2020 could cost up to 4.4 billion pounds annually. The documents indicated that Britain was seeking a flexible approach, such as using a method similar to carbon offsetting to achieve targets. This method involves paying another party to install renewable energy on your behalf. EU Energy Commissioner Andris Piebalgs expressed support for this trading approach two weeks ago, where wealthier EU countries would invest in renewable energy in the newer, predominantly ex-communist members of the bloc. This proposal received a varied response from renewable energy companies. | 2 |
Nobel Peace Prize recipient Aung San Suu Kyi is shifting her focus from being a symbol of freedom against Myanmar's military rule to taking on a leadership role in the country's emerging democracy. This transition has been challenging, as evidenced by a question posed to her by a student from the Kachin ethnic minority during a talk in London in June. The student inquired why Suu Kyi, who belongs to the majority Burman ethnic group, appeared hesitant to denounce a violent government military operation against Kachin rebels, resulting in the displacement of 75,000 individuals. Suu Kyi's response was carefully neutral, stating that more information is needed before passing judgment on either side. The Kachin community was extremely angry. The response from the Kachinland News website was deemed offensive. Protesters from the Kachin group gathered outside of her next event in London. An "open letter" from 23 Kachin groups around the world accused Suu Kyi of supporting violence sanctioned by the state. It may have been unimaginable in April that a woman as respected as her would face such hostility. A decisive win in a by-election led Suu Kyi and 42 other members of her National League for Democracy into Myanmar's parliament, but she is no longer unquestionably idolized. Once admired for her brave opposition to the old junta for two decades, Suu Kyi now faces criticism as she gains influence as a lawmaker. Despite her growing power in parliament, some ethnic groups accuse her of turning a blind eye to human rights abuses in Myanmar's troubled border regions. Economists are concerned that her negative assessments of Myanmar's business environment may deter foreign investors. Analysts believe her party lacks substantial policies beyond those of its well-known leader. Additionally, she faces challenges from internal discord within the democracy movement she co-established. Critics worldwide have criticized her unclear stance on the pressing humanitarian crisis regarding the stateless Rohingya Muslims in western Myanmar, where violent clashes have resulted in numerous casualties and displaced individuals. Rejected by both Myanmar and nearby Bangladesh, where 300,000 refugees reside, numerous Rohingya people are residing in terrible conditions in Rakhine State. The United Nations has labeled this Muslim minority as "virtually friendless" in a country where Buddhism is dominant. The conflict began in June, just before Suu Kyi's visit to Europe, her first in 24 years. In Norway, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize she won in 1991 while under house arrest, a journalist questioned Suu Kyi about the citizenship status of the Rohingya in her country. Suu Kyi's response, "I do not know," caused frustration among both the Rohingya seeking citizenship in Myanmar and the locals in Rakhine who see them as invaders. This response was in stark contrast to the moral certainty she displayed in her Nobel speech, where she spoke about the plight of displaced people. As a political party leader, Suu Kyi now must embrace strategic ambiguity, a departure from the moral clarity that once made her a global outcast. She needs to maintain her popularity among the majority of Burmans and Buddhists, while also not pushing away ethnic minorities or people of other religions. She also has to work with the disliked military, which is still the most powerful force in Myanmar. Her political skills have been evident to observers in Myanmar since 1988, when she came back after living abroad for many years. Despite facing harsh repression from the military, she emerged as the leader of the democracy movement and continued to inspire others even while spending much of the next twenty years in prison or under house arrest. In a lecture at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge, Massachusetts on September 27, she expressed her dislike for being called an icon, stating that she sees herself as a politician. Despite this, she declined interview requests from Reuters for this article. Myanmar's reforms have progressed rapidly since her release from house arrest in November 2010, just before a military-controlled election installed a quasi-civilian government. This year, Myanmar has released political prisoners, relaxed media restrictions, and begun addressing economic issues. The country's transition from a dictatorship is frequently likened to the events of the Arab Spring. However, unlike the Arab Spring, Myanmar's reforms were initiated by former military leaders like President Thein Sein, with Aung San Suu Kyi playing a crucial role in the process. Their meeting in Naypyitaw in August 2011 marked the beginning of Suu Kyi's constructive interaction with the government led by former military officials. She referred to him as "genuine" in his efforts to reform Myanmar, which led to US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's visit to Naypyitaw and the lifting of most Western sanctions. Having a reputation as a saintly figure with unwavering principles can be problematic in the world of politics, where compromise and negotiation are necessary. Being idolized can also create unrealistic expectations, even for someone like Suu Kyi, who Amnesty International refers to as a "human rights superstar." Suu Kyi understands that criticism and attacks are common hazards for politicians. Being praised and admired can also be a danger that comes with her job, and it is much less desirable of the two, she mentioned that statement 14 years ago. Nowadays, she frequently goes to her parliamentary district of Kawhmu, a small and poor rice-growing area close to the commercial capital Yangon. During a recent morning, as she was being driven in an SUV on Kawhmu's bumpy roads, villagers came out of their huts to show their support for "Mother Suu." The issues in Kawhmu - such as household debt, lack of electricity, and unemployment - reflect the larger problems faced by Myanmar. Aung Lwin Oo, a 45-year-old carpenter and member of the National League for Democracy, expressed concern about the lack of young people in some villages in the area, as they have all migrated to Thailand and Malaysia for work. Aung Lwin Oo's comments were made during Suu Kyi's visit to a Buddhist monastery, where she prayed with monks, resolved a money dispute between representatives from two villages, and had lunch with NLD members at the party's Kawhmu headquarters. The group also discussed drainage problems with local officials. Her new job may not be glamorous, but those close to her say she takes pleasure in it. Win Tin, a senior member of the NLD and a close friend, stated, "She finds joy in political life, she fully embraces it." She is also adjusting to living in Naypyitaw, the newly constructed capital surrounded by a fence topped with razor wire. The Lower House of parliament is filled with vibrant attire worn by ethnic delegates, creating a lively atmosphere. Seated next to Suu Kyi is a Member of Parliament from Chin State who is dressed in a headpiece made of boar's teeth and hornbill feathers. On the other side of the chamber, men in green uniforms are in the majority. Following a questionable referendum in 2008, Myanmar's constitution sets aside a quarter of parliamentary seats for military personnel appointed by armed forces chief Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, a protege of the former dictator, Than Shwe. Suu Kyi's mere presence in parliament lends credibility to a political system created by the junta that once imprisoned her. Her party has had to make significant changes to their longstanding beliefs in order to reach this point. The NLD did not participate in the constitution-drafting process or the 2010 election, which was believed to be unfairly influenced in favor of the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Suu Kyi's party also insisted that the military acknowledge the results of a previous election in 1990, which the NLD won convincingly but was invalidated by the ruling junta. Despite initially boycotting elections, the NLD decided to join the by-elections in April. Currently, the party holds less than ten percent of seats in the lower house, but Suu Kyi ensures that the NLD has a significant impact. She took a stand against a higher education bill that she believed was inadequate, resulting in its cancellation in July. Additionally, she played a role in preventing a provision in a foreign-investment law that would have shielded Myanmar's corrupt businessmen. In August, she was appointed as the head of a parliamentary committee focused on "rule of law and tranquility," which could increase her impact. Despite her popularity, her ability to reform the constitution and reduce the military's power is still a key goal for the NLD. Obtaining three-quarters support in parliament, including from military delegates, is a challenging task for Suu Kyi. According to Ohn Kyaing, a member of parliament and spokesman for the NLD party, Suu Kyi is very persuasive. However, without the military's assistance, changing the constitution seems impossible. Despite the NLD's by-election victory indicating potential success in the 2015 general election, the party does not appear ready to govern. The NLD was established in September 1988 following a violent military crackdown that resulted in the deaths and injuries of numerous pro-democracy demonstrators. Suu Kyi was detained by the junta when the NLD was less than a year old, and its members were frequently harassed, imprisoned, and subjected to torture. In 2003, government forces ambushed Suu Kyi's convoy, resulting in the deaths of many of her supporters. Fortunately, she managed to survive the attack. As a result, most NLD offices were forced to close. When Suu Kyi was released from house arrest in 2010, her party was inactive with older leaders. She worked to revive it by opening many offices and transitioning two elderly co-founders into advisory roles. The party has now grown to a million members, according to spokesman Ohn Kyaing. However, this success has created new challenges. The NLD is planning to host its inaugural national party conference either at the end of 2012 or the beginning of 2013. Protests have broken out in various regions, including Suu Kyi's Kawhmu, regarding the selection of attendees. This issue underscores the tension between long-standing NLD members, who endured decades of persecution, and new members who joined during Myanmar's reform period. Ohn Kyaing stated, "The original members are reluctant to relinquish their positions because of their past struggles." Additionally, there is a power struggle between the central party headquarters and its branches, with local officials accusing their leaders of being overbearing or unresponsive. As a result, at least five members were suspended for either defying or protesting against the party leadership. Suu Kyi leads a seven-person Central Executive Committee that is known to approve her decisions, according to current and former members of the NLD. This included the party's decision in April to decline taking a parliamentary oath to uphold the constitution. Aung Kyi Nyunt, an NLD legislator, stated that while imposing her decisions may not be democratic, it is not authoritarian as she does not force others to follow her decisions, as they already agree with her. After a two-week confrontation and disapproval from followers, the "Iron Aunty" retreated and her MPs resumed their positions. The NLD also has a strained relationship with Myanmar's revitalized media. A newspaper reported in May that Suu Kyi's bodyguards had attacked one of its journalists, a claim the NLD disputes. Some websites in Burmese language are focused on tarnishing Suu Kyi's reputation. Their baseless rumors, such as one alleging she has a teenage daughter with a Burmese partner, bear a striking resemblance to propaganda from the junta era. The websites, whose owners protect their identities by registering through proxies, were unable to be contacted for a comment. The NLD's entrance into parliament has also brought attention to a lack of specific policies and experts to create them, a significant weakness as Myanmar's government is quickly creating new legislation. When asked about the NLD's stance on the Rohingya in Kawhmu, Suu Kyi appeared to suggest that the party did not have a formal policy on the issue, stating that it should be a national effort rather than solely the responsibility of the NLD. Suu Kyi's popularity in Myanmar is not as widespread as some Western admirers believe. While she is beloved in the lowlands where the majority ethnic Burmans reside, her support dwindles in the border regions where ethnic minorities have long fought against the Burman-dominated military. In rural Shan State, which is named after the largest minority group, it is difficult to come across images of Suu Kyi. Suu Kyi used her first speech in parliament in July to advocate for increased legal protection for minorities. However, this has not shielded her from criticism by ethnic leaders. One of them is Khun Htun Oo, a prominent Shan politician who was imprisoned for nearly seven years by the previous regime. According to Khun Htun Oo, Suu Kyi has been rendered ineffective by her involvement in parliament, as he informed reporters in Washington last month, just before they both received awards from a human-rights organization. During her US trip, Suu Kyi's trustworthiness decreased after she made a mistake in an interview with CNN. She mentioned having a fondness for Myanmar's military, which was established by her father, sparking criticism on Facebook, the country's primary platform for political discourse. The NLD had previously supported calls for a UN inquiry into alleged atrocities in Myanmar. The push for retributive justice has been abandoned since Suu Kyi was released. In March, she stated that she believes in restorative justice instead. Suu Kyi clarified that restorative justice does not involve prosecuting members of the military junta. Western governments follow Suu Kyi's lead on human rights issues, using her statements as excuses to avoid taking action on justice and accountability, according to Mark Farmaner of Burma Campaign UK. It was observed that British Foreign Secretary William Hague took over two months to make a statement about the violence against the Rohingya minority. The spokesperson for the NLD, Ohn Kyaing, mentioned that Aung San Suu Kyi will address the Rohingya issue at the appropriate time, stating that timing is crucial in politics. | 2 |
In just a few years, he transitioned from abstract art to graffiti, which caught the attention of de Kooning. Haze, who grew up in Manhattan, remembered how she told him that artists must listen to their creative inspirations in the moment. By the early 1980s, he joined Soul Artists, a prominent graffiti group in New York City, and displayed his work alongside Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat at MoMA PS1. He also exhibited at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery and later sold his nonfigurative paintings internationally. Instead of living a solitary artist lifestyle, he started a successful design business with clients such as the Beastie Boys, Public Enemy, and LL Cool J. Recently, he has been involved in creating clothing and designing spaces for Nike and the Standard Hotel. In 2013, he tied the knot with actress Rosie Perez and led a very collaborative and social lifestyle. However, everything changed when he began his artist's residency at the Elaine de Kooning house in December. His main objective for being there was to rediscover his passion for painting. Speaking from a studio in East Hampton with a large window overlooking the desolate woods, he explained that he had painted numerous views of the studio in various shades of gray. These paintings starkly contrasted with de Kooning's colorful portrait of Haze and his sister hanging on one wall. His earliest abstract paintings, which were done in vibrant colors and created when he was a child under her guidance, were displayed separately. In the middle was his bold new portrait of de Kooning, with untamed hair and intense eyes, holding a cigarette in one hand. After spending countless nights painting until dawn, he described feeling de Kooning's presence guiding him to paint portraits of people, starting with himself. It wasn't until recently that he felt ready to paint Elaine, and he believes he has made significant progress in the past few weeks. Like many others during quarantine, he has relied on his own creativity to navigate isolation and shape his days. Many artists, writers, and composers value the opportunity to retreat to remote locations and challenging climates for prestigious residencies. However, the current pandemic has added an extra layer of isolation that can be difficult, even for the most resilient artists. Pat Phillips, who is currently participating in a painting residency in Provincetown, Massachusetts, finds the enforced isolation challenging, especially during the offseason when the town feels desolate. Despite having his wife, fellow artist Coady Brown, with him, the absence of community interactions and events has made the isolation even more pronounced. Dune walks and potluck dinners featuring local clams have been put on hold. Richard MacMillan, the executive director of the organization, noted that the residents who were once very social have now become isolated. While many residency programs such as MASS MoCA, Vermont Studio Center, Ucross, American Academy in Rome, and Watermill Center have shut down during the quarantine months, a few like Djerassi and Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts have managed to stay open with new safety measures in place. Paolo Arao, a Brooklyn artist who recently completed a three-month residency at Bemis, mentioned that the previous month had been filled with distracting news. Despite this, he felt safer in Nebraska due to the low number of COVID cases compared to his home. The Elaine de Kooning House residency, which only accommodates one artist at a time, proved to be well-suited for sheltering in place. The artist, Haze, was assisted by a single staff member who left meals and fresh-baked cookies on the other side of the building. Katherine McMahon, the director of programming, explained in early April that the arrangement allowed for minimal interactions during self-quarantine. Haze, who often worked through the night, would take breaks outside splattered in paint for a cigarette, while McMahon would wave and chat from a safe distance. Haze mentioned his intention to quit smoking once he returned home. "At the moment, I find it too distracting and it would disrupt my focus." In early April, amidst the chaos of the pandemic in New York City, the sound of birds and rustling tree branches filled de Kooning's former studio through an open door. Haze sat before a self-portrait he had recently finished, depicting his younger self leaning against a car with a cigarette, resembling de Kooning's own portrait nearby. Surrounded by Clorox wipes, surgical gloves, and an abundance of painting supplies, Haze joked about being prepared to paint through any catastrophe. His studio also featured a large painting of de Kooning painting Kennedy, creating a nostalgic reflection of the past in the present. In the vicinity, he was working on a portrait of his immigrant grandfather as a young boy. He credited his time alone in the residence for helping him vividly recall memories of various people from his past. He mentioned that Elaine had been a source of spiritual guidance during this time and that he had developed strong feelings for her. Despite planning to return home the next day, he found himself still painting a week later, even amidst the chaos. He pointed out that as Elaine used to mention, obsession is a crucial aspect of the process. This information is from around 2020 and is owned by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
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