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Democrats have gained control of the US House of Representatives from Trump's Republicans in midterm elections that were viewed as a judgment on his presidency so far. This shift in power allows the opposition party to block Trump's domestic plans and increase investigations into his business dealings and potential ties to Russia. However, Trump's authority in setting foreign policy remains strong. House Democrats may advocate for a tougher stance on Saudi Arabia and Russia, but they are unlikely to influence his major priorities such as the trade dispute with China and his approach to Iran. Norbert Roettgen, who leads the foreign affairs committee in the German Bundestag, noted that the president's significant powers in foreign policy are still intact. Peter Trubowitz, director of the United States Centre at the London School of Economics, warns that Trump's potential defeat in the House could lead to increased polarization and aggression, similar to what was seen during his campaign. Trubowitz believes Trump may focus even more on China, Iran, and the Mexican border, as well as invest more time in foreign policy leading up to the 2020 election. Trump's actions during his first two years in office caused concern among traditional US allies, as he withdrew from the Iran nuclear deal and the Paris climate accord, criticized allies for trade surpluses and lack of defense spending, and aligned with authoritarian leaders in North Korea, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. Even though few European politicians openly expressed it, there were hopes in Berlin, Paris, and Brussels that American voters would strongly reject Trump's Republicans in the midterms, leading to a change in direction and increasing the chances of a change in government in 2020. Certain European politicians saw the Democratic gains in the House as evidence of a shift. Frans Timmermans, the first vice president of the European Commission, stated that Americans had opted for "hope instead of fear, civility over rudeness, and inclusion over racism." However, the results did not meet the expectations of a significant Democratic victory. Republicans managed to expand their majority in the Senate, a chamber that has traditionally had a significant impact on foreign policy. In various high-profile races for the House, Senate, and governor positions in states like Iowa, Florida, Georgia, and Texas, Republicans who are closely aligned with Trump have emerged victorious. Roettgen views this outcome as a normalization of Trump and a confirmation that his "hostile takeover" of the Republican Party has been successful. Democrats may be able to control Trump's actions on Saudi Arabia, particularly in response to the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, which has sparked backlash in Congress. Additionally, a focus on Russia's alleged interference in the 2016 election could limit Trump's ability to cooperate with President Vladimir Putin. Furthermore, Democrats in the House may advocate for more sanctions against Moscow, including penalties for European companies involved in the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov expressed doubt about the possibility of improving Russian-American relations in the near future. Trade is an area where presidents can make decisions without congressional approval, and European diplomats and analysts predict that Trump may continue or escalate the conflict with China due to domestic challenges. Trump's domestic troubles may also lead him to confront Europe on trade, such as imposing tariffs on German car imports. However, a visit by European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker to the White House in June helped ease tensions for the time being. Last month, US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross accused the EU of delaying progress on trade and stated that President Trump's patience has its limits. Jeremy Shapiro, a former State Department official who now serves as research director at the European Council on Foreign Relations, noted that Trump strongly believes the EU, particularly Germany, is exploiting the US. Shapiro anticipates that if Trump faces challenges domestically, he will seek out new conflicts. | 2 |
Scattered rain provided some relief to parts of the US Midwest on Wednesday, but most of the region is still experiencing the worst drought in fifty years. This has led to a bleak outlook for food supplies and prices worldwide. The US Agriculture Department predicts that food prices will increase more than other consumer costs through 2013 due to the drought destroying crops and reducing supplies. USDA economist Richard Volpe stated that the impact of the drought on food prices will be felt next year and will affect various sectors before reaching retail prices. The USDA projects a 2.5-3.5 percent increase in food prices in 2012 and a 3-4 percent increase in 2013. The USDA stated that food prices will increase at a faster rate than overall U.S. inflation, which is a change from the usual trend. Inflation in the U.S. is expected to be 2 percent this year and 1.9 percent in 2013. Food prices rose by 3.7 percent last year but only by 0.8 percent in 2010. The USDA also announced on Wednesday that an additional 76 counties have been added to the list of areas eligible for disaster aid, bringing the total to 1,369 counties in 31 states. The agency noted that two-thirds of the United States is currently experiencing mild or extreme drought conditions. Weather forecasters predict that the northern Corn Belt region from eastern Nebraska to northern Illinois will likely experience a second day of scattered rain after weeks of hot, dry weather. However, the southern Midwest, including Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, is expected to continue facing hot and dry conditions. National Weather Service meteorologist Jim Keeney stated that most of these areas require more than 10 inches of rain to alleviate the drought, but the upcoming front is forecasted to bring only 1/2 to 1 inch of rain, which will not be enough to significantly impact the drought situation. On Wednesday, the central and southern Midwest experienced temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit, with St. Louis reaching 101 F. Meteorologist Andy Karst from World Weather Inc. mentioned that the drought pattern remained unchanged, with thunderstorms shifting in the area. There are no predictions for significant rainfall until August 8. This forecast caused an increase in the Chicago Board of Trade grain markets, following a decrease in prices from the previous week's highs. Corn for September delivery closed 4-1/2 cents higher at $7.94-1/2 a bushel, compared to last week's record high of $8.28-3/4. August soybeans ended 45 cents higher at $16.94-1/4, compared to the previous week's record of $17.77-3/4. September wheat rose 24-1/2 cents at $9.03-1/4, compared to last week's 4-year high at $9.47-1/4. Markets worldwide are worried about the impact of high prices on local food costs, the lack of food aid for countries like China and Egypt, and the potential for food riots. The United States, a major exporter of corn, soybeans, and wheat, is facing significant losses in its corn crop due to drought conditions. Soybeans, while struggling, may be saved by forecasted rainfall. A recent poll suggests that US corn yields could reach a 10-year low, leading to the lowest harvest in six years. Extensive damage has been reflected in declining weekly crop reports from Corn Belt states, with losses comparable to the 1988 drought. Senior editor Bryce Knorr from Farm Futures Magazine stated that if these conditions persist, demand for corn will need to be rationed. In Putnam County, Indiana, crop scouts did not bother inspecting corn fields this week as it was clear that farmers would plow crops under instead of harvesting. Scouts in central Illinois reported on Wednesday that some corn fields were in better condition than expected due to early planting and pollination after a warm winter and spring. Tom Womack from the Tennessee Department of Agriculture mentioned that recent rains had improved soybean prospects, but he stated that the damage to the corn crop was irreversible and no amount of rainfall could help recover the losses. Ohio Governor John Kasich signed an order permitting farmers to harvest hay for their livestock from grass along highways near their land. Fire risks were increasing in parts of the Plains, with firefighters and the National Guard fighting wildfires that have burned over 60,000 acres in three north-central Nebraska counties in the past week. Helicopters were used to drop water on wildfires caused by lightning in the Niobrara River Valley on Wednesday. Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman stated that progress is being made, but ongoing support is necessary. In Missouri, where it is one of the driest states in the nation, the highway patrol warned of dangerous driving conditions due to smoke from grass and brush fires, with discarded cigarettes being a contributing factor. Throughout the Midwest, water use for gardens and lawns was limited in cities and towns, and efforts were made to save stressed trees with drip bags. Reservoir and river levels are currently low and being closely monitored, leading to restrictions on barge movements along the Mississippi River and recreational boating. The U.S. drought has been attributed to the El Nino phenomenon in the western Pacific Ocean, which causes a warming of sea temperatures affecting the global atmosphere and preventing moisture from reaching the U.S. Midwest breadbasket. Scientists are warning that this year's drought, the worst since 1956, may be connected to climate factors that could have even more severe consequences in the future. The Midwest has experienced an increase in dangerously hot summer days over the past 60 years, and the region is expected to face more potentially deadly weather as the climate continues to warm, according to a report released by the Union of Concerned Scientists (USC) on Wednesday. The report examined weather patterns in several cities including Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis, and St. Louis, as well as smaller cities like Peoria, Illinois, and Toledo, Ohio. It revealed that hot, humid days have become more frequent in the Midwest since the 1940s and 1950s, while hot, dry days have also intensified. The study showed that finding respite from the heat has become harder, as all the cities observed have experienced a decrease in cool, dry days during the summer and higher nighttime temperatures. Steve Frenkel, director of UCS's Midwest office, emphasized the importance of nighttime cooling, especially for those without air conditioning, as high nighttime temperatures can lead to an increased risk of heat-related illnesses and fatalities. In July 1995, over 700 deaths in Chicago were linked to a heat wave. A report predicts that with increasingly extreme summer temperatures, annual deaths in Chicago could increase from 143 in the 2020s to 300 in the 2090s. | 2 |
French-American Duflo has become the second female economics winner in the 50-year history of the prize, as well as the youngest at 46. She shared the award with Indian-born American Banerjee and Kremer, who is also from the United States. The Academy stated that the work of the three economists demonstrated how poverty could be addressed by breaking it down into smaller, more precise questions in fields such as education and healthcare, which makes the problems easier to tackle. The Academy also noted that as a result of one of their studies, over five million Indian children have benefitted from effective remedial tutoring programs in schools, and many countries have implemented heavy subsidies for preventive healthcare. The economics prize, worth 9 million Swedish crowns ($915,300), was added later to the five awards established in the will of Alfred Nobel, who was an industrialist and dynamite inventor. The prize was established by the Swedish central bank and first awarded in 1969. The economics award is the most recent addition, with winners for medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, and peace having been announced last week. In 2018, the Nobel Economics Prize was jointly given to U.S. economists William Nordhaus and Paul Romer, who are known for adapting the western economic growth model to focus on environmental issues and technology benefits. Nordhaus' recognition has sparked controversy, as critics argue that his model underestimates the risks related to climate change. | 2 |
Russian President Vladimir Putin introduced a government filled with loyalists on Monday, strengthening his control over the economy and national security following protests and limiting Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev's ability to implement market reforms. Putin, aged 59, chose to maintain continuity by keeping his ally Igor Shuvalov as first deputy prime minister responsible for economic policy, while Igor Sechin will continue as his energy chief in a role outside of the government. Putin announced several new names for cabinet positions at a meeting in the Kremlin, but retained a core group of familiar faces, showing little desire for policy changes at the beginning of his six-year presidential term. The former KGB agent solidified his influence over the "power" ministries by appointing Moscow police chief Vladimir Kolokoltsev as interior minister, demonstrating his trust in a man who has used force against protesters demanding Putin's resignation. Putin indicated continuity in international and military matters by keeping Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov in their positions, as well as maintaining Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, an ally overseeing the defense industry. Putin, addressing the new cabinet in a Kremlin meeting broadcast on state television, acknowledged the challenging work ahead due to uncertainties in the world economy. He emphasized the importance of implementing a privatization program and reducing the economy's reliance on oil and gas exports. Putin has also faced significant protests over allegations of electoral fraud and concerns about his prolonged rule. The opposition, representing a growing civil society, criticizes Putin for ignoring their views and hindering economic and political reforms in Russia. Putin's appointment of Kolokoltsev to the Interior Ministry signals his resistance to demands for more political freedom and decentralization of power. Opposition leader Boris Nemtsov told Reuters that there is a man who disrupts peaceful meetings with the use of cudgels, and this behavior is in line with the current approach of Putinism. Dmitry Medvedev, who became prime minister after Vladimir Putin's return to the presidency, has vowed to implement policies that promote economic growth and privatization. However, the process of forming the new government has raised concerns about potential divisions between the ruling tandem. Alfa Bank, based in Moscow, predicts that the new cabinet will prioritize budget stability over a pro-market agenda. The new cabinet is seen as an attempt to balance power between the president and PM, making it challenging to implement a unified economic agenda. The inclusion of new members, particularly from the group of young market liberals who worked under Medvedev, suggests a shift in responsibilities and priorities within the government. For example, Arkady Dvorkovich, now a deputy premier, is expected to oversee energy and industry policy, areas he had limited influence over in his previous role as economic adviser. Alexander Novak, a former deputy finance minister, was appointed as energy minister, indicating continued control by Sechin over the oil and gas sector. Mikhail Abyzov, another former aide to Medvedev, was appointed as coordinator of an "open government" forum, suggesting a continuation of discussions without significant action. Putin, who resigned as president in 2008 due to constitutional restrictions, has expanded his control over economic policy, traditionally overseen by the prime minister, by appointing individuals who align with his belief in state-led development to key positions. Anton Siluanov, a career bureaucrat, remains as finance minister, while Andrei Belousov, a pro-Putin economist, has been promoted to economy minister. Former Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, who was removed from government in a power struggle with Medvedev, criticized the new government, stating that it lacks the ability to address the challenges facing Russia. Kudrin, who is still close to Putin, has been mentioned as a potential future prime minister. Analysts predicted that the cabinet would probably not have independence, with attention turning to Putin's Kremlin team for clues on policy direction during his six-year term. The balance of power in decision-making is expected to shift from the government to the presidential administration, according to Alexander Morozov, chief economist at HSBC in Moscow. Despite Russia's 4.9 percent economic growth in the first quarter, which was attributed to pre-election spending, concerns remain about the country's reliance on oil revenues. German Gref, head of Sberbank, warned of the potential consequences of this "oil curse." The government must establish a positive environment for investment and economic growth. Gref's bank is the top candidate for privatization, but the planned sale of a 7.6 percent stake has been delayed multiple times. Shuvalov recently blocked a sale due to poor market conditions, which have since worsened, decreasing the stake's value to $4.3 billion. The English-speaking lawyer is seen as a key figure who can mediate between market liberals and those, like Putin, with a background in security services. "Shuvalov has supported privatization in the past," said Peter Westin, chief economist at Moscow brokerage Aton. The decision to proceed and the pace at which it happens is determined by the price of oil. | 2 |
The sound of power tools fills the air as a group of workers hurry to ensure that Europe's largest city-centre shopping mall opens on time. However, marketing executives believe that the current crisis in global financial markets has caused consumers to move away from showing off their wealth. The $3 billion Westfield center in West London will have a strong focus on luxury when it opens on Thursday, including stores like Louis Vuitton, Prada, Tiffany, and Gucci. Despite this, Managing Director Michael Gutman insists that there is a mass-market appeal to the center, with only a few areas attracting special attention. Other retailers are also shifting away from the term "luxury" in their marketing materials, instead focusing on shopping as a way to relax and spend time with loved ones. With the difficulty of obtaining credit, increasing mortgage costs, and rising unemployment in the United States, Europe, and Japan, clever advertising alone may not be enough to convince those who can afford it to spend their money. Rory Sutherland, vice-chairman at advertising agency Ogilvy, believes that in tough times, spending on luxury items or conspicuous consumption may be seen as distasteful or unfashionable. Sutherland predicts a shift towards a more minimalist lifestyle, similar to the modest ways favored by Lutherans and Swedes. Even those in financial districts like the City of London, such as broker Scott David, are hesitating before making conspicuous purchases like a brand-new Porsche for meetings. "It would be considered in poor taste," he explained. "You don't want to come across as flaunting your wealth in front of others." After experiencing strong growth for several years, luxury goods sales are predicted to decrease globally by 1 percent in the fourth quarter, with a potential drop of up to 7 percent next year, according to a recent study by consulting firm Bain and Co. Sales of Porsche cars in the U.S. dropped by 58 percent in September compared to September 2007, while overall car sales decreased by 22 percent, according to data from Autodata. Andy Lear, head of planning at the London branch of French advertising agency Publicis, stated that the effects of the financial crisis were only speeding up a trend that was already present. He mentioned that people were already searching for something deeper than simply pursuing money and acquiring flashy items. Some individuals in the financial sector who had previously valued a luxurious lifestyle are now beginning to question the continuous quest for material wealth. Investment banker Patrick, who preferred not to disclose his last name, stated that his work routine had shifted in the past few months. "I am leaving the office earlier and arriving later. Last week, I even took my son to school before going to work - something I had never done before," he shared, noting that some of his coworkers were also making similar changes. Patrick explained that his decision to change his priorities and look for ways to give back to society was influenced by the tough financial climate at his job, which meant there would be no large bonuses this year and the motivation to work long hours had diminished. He is now planning to work with a charity that provides debt counselling to the poor. Henrietta Creighton, managing director at Lifestyle Boutique, mentioned that while business had slowed compared to last year, clients were still spending on family celebrations. According to Brian Goldner, CEO of Hasbro, family board games like Scrabble, Trivial Pursuit, and Monopoly were predicted to be popular during Christmas as families opted for cheaper options instead of expensive holidays. Lord Richard Harries, a member of Britain's upper house of parliament, suggested that the credit crisis could lead some people in secular societies like Britain to turn towards religion. He also mentioned a shift towards a new seriousness after years of excessive consumerism and shallow celebrity culture. Nick Wills-Johnson, a research fellow at Curtin University Business School, noted that downturns often led to a greater focus on family, altruism, and spirituality. The extravagant 1980s were followed by a global recession and the "Caring '90s", characterized by a commitment to kindness and gentleness. According to David Fowler of Cambridge University, downturns in the economy tend to increase support for anti-materialist movements, particularly among young people. Fowler, author of "Youth Culture in Modern Britain, 1920-1970," believes that these movements thrive during times of financial hardship because they highlight the shallowness of consumer-driven culture. | 2 |
Many individuals have faced challenges such as illness, economic instability, climate change, grief, and racial disparities. In addition to these, factors like inflation, supply chain problems, and the repercussions of Russia's conflict with Ukraine are causing significant stress among Americans, as shown by a recent survey for the American Psychological Association. Experts suggest that the onset of spring can be a natural opportunity to assess our mental health and reconnect with activities that bring us happiness and purpose, providing our minds with a break when needed. "It is truly an ideal time for individuals to reflect on their current state and assess where they stand," experts say. Paul Napper, a psychology consultant to business leaders and co-author of "The Power of Agency: The 7 Principles to Conquer Obstacles, Make Effective Decisions and Create a Life on Your Own Terms," reflected on his experiences and emphasized the importance of making decisions aligned with our values, interests, and passions to achieve personal agency. Napper highlighted the significance of examining our options, even if they may not be ideal, in order to adapt to our circumstances. As we transition into a new season, here are five strategies to clear our minds. Nkechi Njaka, a meditation guide in San Francisco with a background in neuroscience, emphasizes the importance of practicing mindfulness in order to combat the stress that comes with being human. Mindfulness meditation, which helps individuals stay present and reduce daily stress, is a valuable tool for returning to the present moment when the mind starts to wander. By focusing on bodily sensations and grounding oneself in the present, individuals can alleviate the harmful effects of stress on the body. The heat of the sun can cause the mind to wander, but it is important to gently refocus on breathing and the present moment. Approaching mindfulness with compassion, curiosity, openness, and forgiveness can make it easier to continue practicing. Utilize transitional moments throughout the day, such as waking up or changing locations, to establish a routine. Research suggests that writing in a journal can enhance well-being, so trying the bullet journal method may be beneficial. In recent years, a popular method created by digital designer Ryder Carroll has gained attention. In his bestselling book, “The Bullet Journal Method: Track the Past, Order the Present, Design the Future,” Carroll outlines an organizational system that also serves as a mindfulness exercise. This method involves continually evaluating how time and energy are being spent to determine if they are worthwhile. Carroll emphasizes the importance of working on the right tasks to be productive. Initially using journaling to help manage his attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and succeed in his career, Carroll began to assess how tasks made him feel. He found that experiences involving helping others and performing acts of service gave him a sense of purpose and pride. Through journaling, Carroll discovered this pattern. He mentioned that if you are unsure of what you want, you will always be dissatisfied with what you have. In today's world, we are bombarded with an overwhelming amount of information through various sources like news alerts, social media, and emails, causing feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Computer science professor Cal Newport suggests simplifying your news consumption by choosing one or two reliable sources and reading them at a set time each day. He also advises taking a break from optional technologies for 30 days. Newport, who is 39 and has never used social media, recommends finding a routine for consuming news, such as listening to a podcast during your commute or reading a newspaper during breakfast. He wrote about the results of 1,600 people attempting the challenge in his book. The individuals who completed the entire 30 days were enthusiastic and eager to make the most of their time. Instead of mindlessly using TikTok or Instagram, consider how you could be spending your free time in a more fulfilling way, such as reading a book, taking a walk in nature, or listening to music. Allocate time for these activities. CLEAR YOUR PHYSICAL SPACE During the pandemic, and especially during lockdown, many individuals started to remove clutter from their homes, a trend The Washington Post called the “great decluttering.” If you haven't addressed your clutter yet, now is a good time to do so. Catherine Roster, a professor at the Anderson School of Management at the University of New Mexico who has studied the impact of cluttered homes on individuals, stated that messy spaces can hinder clear thinking and have a negative effect on emotions and productivity. Hiring a professional organizer may not be feasible for everyone, so Roster recommended partnering with a friend who is also decluttering to provide support and help each other make decisions about what to keep and stay on track. Listening to music while organizing can serve as motivation, according to Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. Many of her patients are feeling emotionally overwhelmed due to information overload and lack of social or emotional fulfillment. Greenberg suggests reconnecting with loved ones who may have been neglected during the pandemic, as their support and positivity can be beneficial. If it has been a long time, re-establishing contact may feel awkward initially. However, Greenberg advises being honest in your approach. For instance, you could explain that you lost touch during the pandemic but now things are settling down and you would love to reconnect. Not seeing the person has been something you have missed. This honesty may lead to a chain of positivity, where the person you reach out to feels motivated to do the same with others. According to Greenberg, everyone appreciates receiving such a call. ©2022 The New York Times Company holds the copyright. | 2 |
Critics on both the right and left have taken issue with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett for different reasons. On the right, he has faced backlash for including an Arab party in the coalition, which some argue has hindered the state's ability to police Israel's Arab minority and respond effectively to recent attacks. Meanwhile, on the left, Bennett has been criticized for only making small concessions to Palestinians while ruling out peace talks and the formation of a Palestinian state, leading to increased despair and violence among Palestinians. Bennett's coalition, made up of a diverse group of parties, has struggled to find unity in responding to the violence, highlighting the differences in their worldviews. The recent attacks serve as a stark reminder that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains unresolved and continues to pose a serious threat. Bennett, similar to Netanyahu before him, has not made resolving the conflict a priority, instead treating it as a problem to manage. The most recent peace talks ended in 2014. The Palestinian leadership remains divided between Gaza and the West Bank, unable to present a unified front for negotiations. Israeli leaders, including Bennett, openly oppose a Palestinian state. However, recent violence has caused some Israeli commentators to question the stability of the current situation, though many people's views on the conflict have not changed. Ofer Zalzberg, director of the Middle East Program at the Herbert C Kelman Institute, described the ongoing conversation as repetitive with few new perspectives. He added that people do not change their positions based on events but rather choose their position based on where they are situated. Some witnesses and survivors of the recent shootings in Bnei Brak believe that the attack by a West Bank Palestinian solidified the belief that Israel has no peace partner among the Palestinians and that a Palestinian state would only increase danger for Israelis. Although Bennett also opposes Palestinian sovereignty, he faced criticism for his partnership with Ra’am and for issuing more work permits to Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. Posters urging residents not to hire Palestinian laborers have appeared in the city, and a sign near a memorial to the victims demanded Bennett's resignation. In neighboring cities, one mayor closed construction sites that typically employed Palestinian workers, and another urged contractors not to hire Palestinians. Moshe Waldman, an accountant in Bnei Brak who witnessed part of the attack, believes that the families of terrorists should face severe punishment. He suggests destroying their homes as a way to create real deterrence. Waldman rejects the idea of negotiating with terrorists, stating that it is not the reality in this situation. We are facing severe criticism for Prime Minister Bennett's approach to working with Arab Israelis and making concessions to Palestinians. Some fault him for not making enough concessions, while others criticize him for going too far. Despite granting work permits and legal status to West Bank Palestinians, providing financial aid to the Palestinian Authority, allowing families in Gaza to visit prisoners in Israeli jails, and increasing communication with Palestinian leaders, critics argue that these efforts do not address the underlying issues of Palestinian life under occupation. The Israeli army continues to conduct daily raids in areas under Palestinian Authority control, and a two-tier justice system remains in place in the West Bank. The Palestinian aspiration for statehood remains out of reach, with no political progress in sight. Mairav Zonszein, a senior analyst at the International Crisis Group in Tel Aviv, expressed concern about the lack of hope on the Palestinian front and the Israeli government's complacency with the status quo. The current climate is seen as potentially leading to increased violence without any political process. Prime Minister Bennett faces the challenge of ensuring Israeli security and addressing the concerns of his right-wing supporters without escalating tensions or alienating Arab lawmakers in his coalition. In response, the Israeli army has deployed reinforcements to the West Bank and Gaza border, while the Israeli Police focus primarily on counterterrorism efforts. Bennett has also urged Israeli civilians to carry licensed firearms, a move that has caused concern among many Arab citizens of Israel, according to Bashaer Fahoum-Jayoussi, co-chair of the board of the Abraham Initiatives, a group that advocates for equality between Arabs and Jews. She expressed alarm at the potential militarization of citizens and the escalation of hate speech against the Arab community in Israel. In an effort to ease tensions, Bennett has praised his Arab coalition partner, Mansour Abbas, leader of the Ra’am party, as a brave and valuable member of the government. The government continues to permit tens of thousands of Palestinians to enter Israel from the West Bank and Gaza each day. There have been no changes to the plan allowing retirees from the West Bank to enter Jerusalem during Ramadan, starting this weekend. Bennett's office did not comment, but his ally Micah Goodman, who promoted the idea of "shrinking the conflict," believes it is too early to assess the government's approach in the West Bank or Israel. He stated that achieving the gradual liberation of Palestinians in the West Bank and their integration within Israel will take years, not months. Goodman emphasized that Israelis feel fear in the conflict, while Palestinians feel humiliation. Reducing the conflict involves creating a situation where Israelis experience less fear due to reduced terrorism, and Palestinians face less humiliation as a result of decreased occupation. This gradual and challenging process should not be evaluated only nine months into the current government's term. If the current wave of violence diminishes, it could be seen as a success for the Bennett government's approach. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas recently condemned an attack in Bnei Brak, which Israeli officials interpreted as a positive outcome of increased engagement with him. If the violence decreases, it may demonstrate that cooperation with the PA is beneficial in countering Israel's enemies, potentially leading to more support for the PA. However, these incremental measures may not weaken the occupation but could instead provide political cover for its reinforcement through the expansion of settlements and settler violence, which increased in 2021. She stated that the occupation is continuing and that it is progressively deteriorating. | 2 |
The government has decided to enhance the role of local governments in addressing climate change issues. This decision was made during a meeting of the climate change trust board at the environment ministry on Thursday. The project will be carried out in collaboration with relevant ministry units and the non-governmental organisation Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP), as stated by environment state minister Hasan Mamud during a briefing with journalists. Additionally, the board has provisionally approved climate change projects from 25 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) after the original project costs were lowered. The NGOs will be instructed to adhere to the approved budgets through discussions. If any of the projects go over budget, they will be held accountable by the board, Mahmud stated. An expert organization will evaluate the work done by government and non-governmental organizations approved by the trustee board. The board has also chosen to prioritize projects that will provide immediate benefits to the people, skipping others. Food minister Abdur Razzak and trustee board chairman Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad were among the attendees at the meeting. | 2 |
In December, Gujarat will hold elections, posing a challenge for India's ruling Congress party, which is currently experiencing its toughest test since gaining power in 2004. Election authorities have also announced that voting for a new assembly in Himachal Pradesh will take place on Nov. 14 and Dec. 19. This will be the first direct confrontation between the Congress and the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since recent political changes related to the nuclear deal, according to political analyst Mahesh Rangarajan. The Congress, leading India's ruling coalition, is under pressure from its leftist allies who oppose a nuclear deal with the United States. The leftist allies have threatened to withdraw their support for the coalition if the government proceeds with the deal. If this scenario occurs, the government would lose its majority and early national elections could take place before 2009. Over 30 million people will cast their votes for 182 seats in two phases on Dec. 11 and Dec. 16 in Gujarat, where Chief Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu nationalist BJP has won the last three elections. Modi was previously accused of ignoring the Hindu-Muslim riots in the state five years ago, during which around 2,500 people, mostly Muslims, were killed according to human rights groups, though the official death toll is around 1,000. The riots in 2002 were sparked by a fire on a train carrying Hindu pilgrims, resulting in the deaths of 59 people. A group of Muslims was alleged to have initiated the fire. | 2 |
Thunberg, the 16-year-old Swedish climate activist, was set to depart from Hampton, Virginia on Wednesday morning. This time, she will be sailing with an Australian couple who document their travels on YouTube aboard a 48-foot catamaran named La Vagabonde. The journey to Spain, where Thunberg aims to arrive in time for the next UN climate talks, will take approximately three weeks. Thunberg explained that she chose to sail to emphasize the challenges of living sustainably in today's society and her refusal to fly due to the significant greenhouse gas emissions produced by aviation. Her journey from Europe to the United States was done by boat, specifically a racing yacht that departed from Plymouth, England and arrived in New York harbor in August. After her arrival, Thunberg traveled slowly across the United States and Canada, making appearances on television shows, participating in protests, biking with Arnold Schwarzenegger in California, and joining school strikes from Iowa City to Los Angeles every Friday. She had intended to continue her journey south to Santiago, Chile for the next round of UN climate negotiations in December, but had to quickly change her plans due to street protests erupting in Santiago. Chile announced that the climate talks could no longer take place there. Spain offered Madrid as a new venue, leaving Thunberg in need of another ride across the ocean. She expressed her need for transportation on Twitter, stating that she had unintentionally traveled halfway around the world in the wrong direction. Riley Whitelum, an Australian sailor who had been circumnavigating the globe with his wife, Elayna Carausu, offered to help Thunberg find a way to cross the Atlantic in November. Within one week, the journey was planned and organized. Whitelum and Carausu will be sailing with British professional sailor Nikki Henderson. Thunberg's father, Svante, will be accompanying her on the return trip, just as he did on the initial journey. Their 11-month-old son, Lenny, will also be on board, which means Thunberg will not be the youngest person on the boat for once. "Finally," she said. Thunberg's rapid rise to fame can be largely attributed to her being a child. At the age of 15, she made the decision to protest by sitting in front of the Swedish parliament with a sign advocating for climate action. Thunberg believes her intense focus on this issue is due to her Asperger's syndrome, a form of autism. Her act of civil disobedience gained attention and motivated other young environmental activists, leading to numerous school strikes worldwide. Utilizing the internet, young people were able to organize and mobilize millions of individuals across the globe. Their anger, similar to hers, represented the frustration of their generation with the frustratingly slow response to conclusive scientific evidence. Thunberg's popularity has increased in the US, with a new anthology of her speeches published by Penguin Press. A death-metal remix of her most impassioned speech to world leaders at the United Nations has been created. Additionally, a mural featuring her likeness has been painted on a building in San Francisco. Threats of violence and attacks on her medical condition have also been directed at her. One of her most notable encounters in America was with President Donald Trump at the United Nations, where he did not see her but she saw him and gave him a cold stare. When asked about her thoughts at that moment, Thunberg simply said, "It speaks for itself." Thunberg expressed her hope on Tuesday that La Vagabonde would safely and punctually bring her to Spain. She was excited to return to Stockholm and reunite with her two dogs after her travels. She enjoyed the experience of traveling but was looking forward to getting back to her usual routines. | 2 |
The themes explored in the three Academy Awards contenders were intentionally chosen. All three films were created and funded by Participant Media, a company that leads a group of businesses dedicated to promoting social causes through movies. Participant Media was established in 2004 by Jeff Skoll, a billionaire and former eBay President. The company has worked on a variety of projects, including "An Inconvenient Truth" and "Lincoln", as well as the award-winning film "Spotlight". According to Participant Media's Chief Executive David Linde, the company is drawn to stories of regular individuals who have made a significant impact and inspired change in their own lives and the lives of others. Linde mentioned that "Roma" is a great example of a black-and-white drama distributed by Netflix Inc, focusing on the story of Cleo, an indigenous Mexican housekeeper who shows bravery in challenging situations. The film is competing for best picture at the Oscars against "Green Book," a Participant movie distributed by Comcast Corp's Universal Pictures, which follows a black pianist on a 1962 concert tour of the segregated US South. Actor Mahershala Ali was present at the 91st Oscars Nominees Luncheon in Beverly Hills, California on February 4, 2019. The documentary "RBG," about US Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, is also nominated for best documentary. Actor Mahershala Ali was present at the 91st Oscars Nominees Luncheon in Beverly Hills, California on February 4, 2019. His involvement in movies often aligns with activism off-screen. For example, the company behind "Roma" collaborated with the National Domestic Workers Alliance to advocate for labor rights and supported the development of an app that offers benefits to house cleaners, such as paid time off. Scott Budnick, known for producing comedies like "The Hangover," has shifted his focus to promoting prison reform and social change through engaging and commercially successful entertainment. His new venture, One Community, aims to raise $10 million for a campaign tied to the release of the film "Just Mercy" in January 2020, a biographical drama featuring Michael B. Jordan as a lawyer fighting to exonerate a wrongfully convicted man. In an interview, Budnick stated that the upcoming campaign, expected to launch within the next two months, will focus on advocating for changes related to the death penalty and juvenile sentencing. One Community, co-financing "Just Mercy" with AT&T Inc's Warner Bros., serves as a bridge between philanthropy, politics, and the entertainment industry. Julie Cohen and Betsy West from "RBG" were in attendance at a reception for Oscar-nominated documentary films in Los Angeles on Feb 19, 2019. "We are here to serve as that aligner," he stated. Macro, a producer of "Just Mercy," is dedicated to creating TV shows and movies that showcase a diverse range of stories about people of color. Previous successful films from Macro include the highly praised dramas "Fences" and "Mudbound." Founded by former talent agent Charles King, Macro receives funding from organizations that share its mission, such as the Ford Foundation, which contributed $5 million. "Shaping which stories are shared, by whom, and from what perspective is a powerful tool for influencing the conversation in this country," explained Cara Mertes, director of the Ford Foundation's JustFilms initiative. Budnick's One Community, which is funded by a range of investors such as Endeavor Content and Philadelphia 76ers co-owner Michael Rubin, is seen as a way to achieve social justice impact. The company operates on a "double bottom line" model, aiming to both make profits and create social change. Executives are collaborating with social scientists to create metrics for measuring success, although Budnick acknowledges that this approach may not be suitable for every investor. If an individual is seeking a return on investment that is 10 times their initial investment, they may consider investing in companies like Twitter, Uber, or Instagram, according to Budnick. However, the company in question is focused on generating profits and making a positive impact. | 2 |
Russian nuclear-capable missiles have been seen moving near Ukraine, which has prompted the Kremlin to suggest a potential new intervention in the region. Russia has also tested hypersonic cruise missiles that can evade US defenses and has severed ties with NATO. Following a break during the summer, ransomware attacks originating from Russia have resumed, and Microsoft recently uncovered a new Russian cybersurveillance campaign. Since President Joe Biden assumed office, the United States has implemented extensive sanctions on Russia, supported Ukraine's military, and warned of possible cyber retaliation against Russian entities. The US Embassy in Moscow has greatly reduced visa issuance. As leaders from around the world gathered at the Group of 20 summit in Rome this weekend, President Biden was unable to meet face-to-face with Russian President Putin due to Putin's remote attendance citing coronavirus concerns. However, beyond the outer display of rivalry, the two global powers are engaged in discussions. The summit in Geneva between Biden and Putin in June sparked a series of contacts between their countries, including multiple visits to Moscow by senior Biden administration officials since July, as well as meetings in neutral locations like Finland and Switzerland. Arms control is a major topic of conversation, marking the deepest discussions on the issue in years. Additionally, the White House's top adviser for cyber and emerging technologies, Anne Neuberger, has been involved in a series of discreet, virtual meetings with her counterpart in the Kremlin. Several weeks ago, the United States handed over information about hackers attacking the country to Russia, following an internal debate within the US intelligence community. The US is now waiting to see if this information leads to any arrests, testing Putin's commitment to cracking down on cybercrime. While talks between the two countries have not produced significant results, they have helped prevent tensions from escalating. The US remains cautious about Putin's intentions but believes they can cooperate on certain issues like arms control. Russia has supported the US on issues such as the Iran nuclear deal, but also disrupts cooperation in other areas. Biden's diplomatic approach has been praised in Russia, as it signals a readiness for negotiations. Fyodor Lukyanov, a well-known Moscow foreign policy analyst advising the Kremlin, stated that Biden recognizes the importance of taking a cautious approach and understands that Russia will not change. The White House sees the talks as a way to prevent unforeseen geopolitical issues that could disrupt Biden's priorities, such as competition with China and addressing domestic challenges. Putin views the talks as an opportunity to demonstrate Russia's global influence and enhance his image as a stabilizing force domestically. Fiona Hill, who previously served as the top Russia expert in the National Security Council under President Donald Trump, emphasized that Russians dislike being ignored more than anything else. Due to their desire for prominence, Russia may resort to attention-grabbing tactics if the United States does not closely monitor their actions. However, the Biden administration faces criticism for engaging with Russia, as they continue to undermine US interests and stifle dissent. European officials fear Russia is taking advantage of the energy crisis to push for approval of a new pipeline before providing more gas. Recent social media footage showing Russian weaponry near Ukraine has raised concerns about potential aggression. In the US, the focus is on Russia's cyberattacks, with Microsoft revealing a new campaign to infiltrate cloud services and networks, despite the sanctions imposed by Biden earlier this year. However, it also indicated a significant and enduring change in Russian strategies, as noted by Dmitri Alperovitch, chairman of the research group Silverado Policy Accelerator. Alperovitch observed that Russia's shift towards undermining America's cyberspace infrastructure, rather than just targeting individual corporate or federal entities, was a deliberate change in tactics, not a one-time occurrence. Russia has already capitalized on President Biden's desire for a more stable and predictable relationship to gain concessions from Washington. For instance, when Victoria Nuland, a senior State Department official, attempted to visit Moscow for talks at the Kremlin, the Russian government initially hesitated. Nuland, viewed in Moscow as a key opponent of Russia, was on a list of individuals banned from entering the country. Nonetheless, the Russians proposed a compromise. If Washington agreed to grant a visa to a top Russian diplomat who had previously been unable to enter the United States since 2019, then Nuland could visit Moscow. The Biden administration accepted the offer. Nuland's discussions in Moscow were described as covering a wide range of topics, but there are certain issues that the Kremlin is evidently avoiding, such as Russia's crackdown on dissent and the treatment of imprisoned opposition leader Alexei Navalny, despite Biden expressing disapproval of these matters earlier this year. Although Biden will not meet Putin in person at the Group of 20 summit in Rome or at the climate summit in Glasgow, Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov stated in October that another meeting between the two presidents this year, in some form, was likely. Foreign Minister Sergey V Lavrov mentioned on Sunday that he briefly spoke with Biden in Rome and that the president emphasized his commitment to future communication. Kadri Liik, a Russia specialist at the European Council on Foreign Relations in Berlin, noted that "Biden has been very successful in his signaling towards Russia." Liik added, "What Russia wants is the great power privilege to break rules." However, in order for that to happen, rules must be in place. The United States is still a significant player in setting global rules, whether people like it or not. Recent discussions between Russian and American officials have focused on "strategic stability," which covers traditional arms control as well as concerns about new technologies, such as the use of artificial intelligence in controlling weapons systems, potentially leading to accidental war or reducing decision-making time for leaders to prevent conflicts. Wendy Sherman, the deputy secretary of state, has led discussions on these issues, which American officials view as a positive aspect of the relationship. Working groups have been established to address various topics, including the discussion of "novel weapons" like Russia's Poseidon, an autonomous nuclear torpedo. Although Pentagon officials view China's nuclear modernization as the primary long-term threat, Russia is seen as the immediate challenge. Gen John E Hyten, who is set to retire soon as the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, emphasized that Russia remains the most significant threat due to its 1,550 deployed nuclear weapons. John Kerry, Biden's climate envoy, visited Moscow for four days in July, while Robert Malley, the special envoy for Iran, held discussions in Moscow in September. Russian deputy prime minister Alexei Overchuk had positive and honest talks with Sherman and Jake Sullivan, Biden's national security adviser, as described by Overchuk in comments to Russian news media. Putin, with his extensive experience in power, appreciates these diplomatic gestures. Analysts observed that he recently sent a signal of his own: During a conference in October, he was asked by an Iranian guest whether Biden's withdrawal from Afghanistan signaled the decline of US power. In response, Putin praised Biden's decision and dismissed the idea that the chaotic exit would have a lasting impact on America's reputation. Putin stated that over time, things would settle down without causing any significant changes. He emphasized that a country's appeal is not determined by such events, but by its economic and military strength. | 2 |
The high expenses of hotels, travel restrictions due to COVID-19, and quarantine regulations have caused worry among Dickson and other advocates from developing nations that their perspectives may not be given attention at the COP26 summit in Glasgow from Oct 31-Nov 12. Reuters interviewed activists from countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Uganda. While some had managed to secure funding, visas, and vaccinations to participate in the conference, others had to give up. Dickson is determined to still make it to COP26, where he plans to share his story with delegates firsthand about the challenges of studying in extreme heat. He emphasizes the importance of developed countries listening to the personal accounts of those most affected by climate change. The 28-year-old representing Nigeria's Eco Clean Active NGO is still seeking funding for his trip to the COP summit in Glasgow, which he estimates will cost over $4,000. He is concerned about the lack of representation from the African continent at the summit. The British hosts of the summit are providing some funding assistance and vaccines for delegates who need them. The COP26 spokesperson stated that they are working with partners to ensure an inclusive, accessible, and safe summit with COVID mitigation measures in place. Delegates are being offered fairly-priced accommodation by government-approved hotel provider MCI. The United Kingdom recently removed quarantine requirements for 47 countries, including South Africa and India, saving delegates the cost of a 10-day hotel quarantine. In the previous month, it was announced that quarantine costs for delegates from countries on the UK's COVID-19 travel "red list" would be covered. Currently, there are seven states on this list, including Colombia and Venezuela. However, some potential delegates have reported difficulties accessing this assistance or feel that it is insufficient. Some believe that their own governments should be taking more action to ensure their attendance. Mitzi Jonelle Tan, an activist with the Philippines-based youth movement Fridays for Future, described visas and quarantines as a challenging experience. Fridays for Future is sending approximately 55 delegates from climate-vulnerable regions to COP26, but Tan mentioned that some individuals withdrew before the UK updated its quarantine regulations. The UK government is preparing for COP26 with an expected attendance of 25,000 people, but has not yet revealed the list of delegates. Hotel room prices on Booking.com for the 12-day conference started at 291 pounds per night, totaling 3,486 pounds. This high cost discouraged Ugandan climate advocate Nyombi Morris, 23, from attending to address concerns about EU biomass energy policies on forests. Morris declined the UK's accreditation offer due to lack of financial support, stating, "One day I'll face them, face-to-face." Homestay groups have attempted to offer more budget-friendly accommodation options, but are struggling to keep up with the high demand. The Human Hotel network has managed to secure beds in local Glasgow homes for approximately 600 participants, but there are thousands more who want to attend COP26 but cannot afford the expensive hotel prices in Scotland. The network's community manager Michael Yule expressed concern for those who are unable to participate due to financial constraints. Some individuals, such as Li Shuo, a senior climate adviser at Greenpeace China, have decided to skip the event due to health risks and travel complications caused by the pandemic. Li Shuo mentioned that this will be the first COP event he has missed since 2010. "I wish to emphasize that the decreased presence of smaller NGOs at the event should serve as a reminder that there are voices that are not being heard. Government delegations that do not have direct travel options to Glasgow are also facing logistical hurdles. For instance, the Cook Islands in the South Pacific will not be sending a delegation, and other small island nations are struggling to address visa complications. Nobert Nyandire, a climate activist in Nairobi, Kenya, recently received a COVID-19 vaccine through the UK government program. He is slated to participate in COP26 to assist with the technical UN negotiations for Kenya's non-profit organization Sustainable Environmental Development Watch. However, he mentioned that some of his colleagues are still waiting for their vaccines or have been discouraged by the associated costs." Nyandire expressed doubt about the decisions that will be made if the people affected by the negotiations do not attend and participate. | 2 |
It was cautioned by the Socialist government that the European football tournament beginning in France on June 10 could face disruption if the government did not compromise. Demonstrators filled the streets as workers heeded the union's call to stop work at various facilities and set up roadblocks at ports and distribution centers. Prime Minister Manuel Valls maintained that the government would not retract the law and would dismantle blockades at refineries, with potential adjustments to the reforms. The CFDT union supported Valls' stance. The protests on Thursday, following months of demonstrations against labor reforms, were seen as a critical test of the opposition's strength led by CGT. The street protests were attended by many participants from a youth protest group known as Nuit Debout. Police were present to prevent any potential violence, as seen in previous rallies where many were injured and arrested. Union leaders, including CGT chief Philippe Martinez and FO leader Jean-Claude Mailly, expressed their willingness to disrupt the Euro 2016 football tournament in order to protest the government's labor law. Prime Minister Valls, however, remained firm in his stance, refusing to make any major changes to the contested law. The state train company SNCF reported that a majority of national, regional, and local rail services were operational, indicating that the railworkers' strikes were having less of an impact compared to the previous week when half of the trains were not running. Following police actions to clear blockades at refineries and fuel distribution centers, Prime Minister Valls stated that 20-30 percent of fuel stations were without fuel or low on certain types of fuel. Transport Minister Alain Vidalies mentioned that the situation was improving, with fuel deliveries from depots to gas stations increasing. The number of fuel stations experiencing shortages in the Loire-Atlantique department dropped from 140 on Wednesday to 83 on Thursday. French nuclear power capacity has been reduced by up to five gigawatts due to stoppages, which is slightly over six percent of the total production capacity in the country. Despite experts in the power industry believing that the strike at the nuclear plant is unlikely to cause major blackouts due to legal restrictions on strike actions and power imports from other countries, the strike typically results in higher operating costs for the EDF power utility. In addition, a strike by dockers at the southern port of Marseille has caused the number of ships waiting at sea to offload oil, gas, and chemicals to increase to 21 from the usual five, according to the port authority. A demonstration over pension reform in 2010 ended after police dispersed picketers at supply depots and railworkers faced pressure from stoppages affecting their paychecks. Total SA, a large oil company, reported that most of its fuel distribution depots are operational, but two out of five refineries in France are currently not working and two more are expected to stop in the near future. The CGT union is facing a more isolated fight this time, as the head of the CFDT union, Laurent Berger, who supports the proposed labor reform, expressed concern over the intense political and industrial atmosphere and called for a more peaceful approach. | 2 |
Germany is not planning to change its approach to Europe's debt crisis despite growing opposition to Berlin's austerity policies. Chancellor Angela Merkel dismissed the idea that Europe was about to make a major policy shift after François Hollande's victory in France and the backlash against spending cuts in Greece. Merkel's allies indicated that they expected Hollande to make concessions, rather than Germany changing its stance. Volker Kauder, the parliamentary leader of Merkel's conservatives and a close ally, stated that the German government's stance is clear: they will continue to prioritize saving. Following another disappointing night for her Christian Democrats (CDU) in a state election on Sunday, Merkel is aware that in order to secure a third term next year, she cannot ignore the demands of German voters who do not want their money to be given away to foreigners. Kauder, her ally, expressed concern that Germans may end up bearing the financial burden of the Socialist victory in France through increased guarantees and funds, which he finds unacceptable. Germany is not here to provide financial support for the promises made by French politicians. These promises, made by Hollande, include balancing the French budget in five years, hiring thousands of new teachers, implementing a 75% tax on million-euro annual incomes, raising the minimum wage, introducing joint euro zone bonds, and giving the European Central Bank a more active role in promoting growth - all of which go against Germany's beliefs. Andreas Schockenhoff, a prominent CDU lawmaker, anticipates that Hollande will soon commit to "stability policies". Repeatedly questioned at a news conference about the potential impact of the French and Greek votes on the policy debate in Europe, Merkel's spokesperson Steffen Seibert emphasized that the way forward was growth through structural reform, specifically focusing on tax and labor rules to enhance trade, rather than relying on debt-funded stimulus plans. Merkel herself emphasized that while there was room for discussing tactics, the overall strategy agreed upon by EU leaders regarding fiscal consolidation was non-negotiable. She acknowledged that France, under its new president, would bring its own perspective to the debate, but stressed that solid finances and growth were essential for progress. Merkel reached out to Hollande, whom she had never met, after his victory, and the two leaders spoke for nearly fifteen minutes with the assistance of interpreters. Sources informed Reuters that the discussion between Hollande and Merkel was amicable, with Hollande reassuring Merkel of his desire for strong relations. Hollande is scheduled to visit Berlin, most likely on May 16, the day after his inauguration and first foreign trip. Merkel expressed a warm welcome for Hollande, and Germany has indicated readiness to discuss a "growth pact" with the new French president. While the specifics of the pact may be unclear, this would enable Hollande to claim success in his efforts for a more balanced response to the crisis. However, it is improbable that bold new initiatives that could significantly improve struggling economies such as Greece and Spain will be implemented. CDU budget expert Norbert Barthle mentioned to Reuters that while boosting growth is important, the focus should be on structural reforms. German officials have suggested the possibility of using EU structural funds more flexibly, increasing the capital of the European Investment Bank (EIB), and permitting the issuance of "project bonds" to finance infrastructure investments. These measures would not necessitate a large amount of new funds from Berlin, which is why they are considered acceptable. However, Germany is against the idea of implementing new government stimulus programs, granting euro members more time to reduce their deficits, or giving the ECB additional powers to boost growth. A high-level German source emphasized that there will be no relaxation of deficit targets, citing Hollande's commitment to working with Germany as shown in his victory speech in Tulle. Hollande's second priority was mentioned as cutting deficit, which was seen as a significant signal. Hollande's chief economic adviser, Michel Sapin, also stated that it is not expected for the new government to simply distribute money upon taking power. Officials in Berlin and Brussels are taking a firm stance on Greece, insisting that the country must adhere to the terms of its multi-billion euro rescues by the European bloc and the IMF. With the recent political shift in Greece and the rise of extreme parties, there are concerns about whether Athens will uphold its commitments and speculation about the possibility of being expelled from the euro zone. A senior euro zone source stated that Greece must either follow the program and receive financing from member states or face default, which could result in further difficulties for Greek citizens. At the heart of the European project, which was established by France and Germany to put an end to a series of wars, Hollande can turn to Italy, the euro zone's third largest economy, for support. Despite facing challenges such as a stagnant business environment and budget cuts aimed at satisfying cautious creditors, Prime Minister Mario Monti's technocratic government has backed the new French president's pro-growth policies. Hollande's approach towards Germany, France's key ally, will become clear when he announces his government later this month. Jean-Marc Ayrault, a potential candidate for prime minister who is fluent in German and has expressed conciliatory gestures towards Berlin, may be chosen over Martine Aubry, a more traditional Socialist figure, signaling Hollande's willingness to compromise. Louis Gargour, chief investment officer of hedge fund LNG Capital, expressed curiosity about whether Hollande will begin his presidency by challenging Merkel. Gargour sees this as a clash between Keynesian economics and a push for growth, versus a prolonged period of austerity that voters are starting to grow weary of. | 2 |
A former highly respected civil servant known as "Hong Kong's conscience" has emerged victorious in a significant by-election for a seat in the city's legislature, which many view as a test of democracy in the former British colony. Anson Chan, 67, who previously served as deputy to the last British governor Chris Patten, secured the win, marking a positive outcome for the pro-democracy political faction in the city. Following her win, Chan expressed that the results of the election demonstrated the desire of Hong Kong residents for universal suffrage by 2012, emphasizing that true democracy is essential for preserving freedoms, values, and creating a fair and just society. Despite Hong Kong's return to Chinese rule in 1997, the territory has maintained significant autonomy in various aspects, though political reform remains a contentious issue. The city's constitution has a goal of achieving universal suffrage through political reform, but the specifics of when and how are unclear. The British did not prioritize this idea until the end of colonial rule under Patten. Chan had a larger margin of victory over her main competitor, Regina Ip, than expected, despite polls showing a close race recently. According to Ma Ngok, an associate professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, this result indicates that many middle class residents in Hong Kong still value democracy, even as the economy improves and becomes more intertwined with China. Beijing should consider this perspective. Since 1997, the traditional overall support rate of the democratic camp of about 60 percent has decreased. Experts caution that the camp should reconsider its single-issue approach to elections. Chan received approximately 54 percent of the vote. James Sung of City University stated, "This is a crucial time for the pan-democrats to conduct a comprehensive review." Sung also expressed concern that the pan-democratic group may not thoroughly examine the evolving political landscape due to Anson's clear victory. Despite losing, Ip's strong performance once again highlighted the pro-Beijing camp's powerful election machinery, as seen in the district council elections. It also signified the comeback of a politician who is known for attempting to push an unpopular anti-subversion law through the legislature in 2003 as security chief. This move led to a massive protest with half a million people taking to the streets, surprising leaders in Beijing. Analysts believe that Ip, who is 57 years old, is in a good position to participate in the upcoming full Legislative Council elections next year. Currently, the chief executive is chosen by an 800-seat committee influenced by the Communist leadership in Beijing, with half of the legislature being elected by the public and the other half selected by "functional constituencies" representing professions and special interest groups. | 2 |
A survey conducted by the World Bank in 15 nations, primarily in the developing world such as Bangladesh, reveals that the majority of people are in favor of their governments implementing measures to combat climate change, even if it means incurring significant expenses. | 2 |
And things took a turn for the worse as Karachi is now dealing with a widespread infestation of flies. These pests are not sparing any neighborhood, market, or store, and are making their presence felt on sidewalks, in stores, cars, and homes, landing on everything from vegetables to people. Dr. Seemin Jamali, executive director of one of Karachi's largest public hospitals, described this as the worst fly infestation she has ever seen, noting that flies and flooding often go hand in hand in the city. She mentioned the presence of large swarms of flies and mosquitoes, noting that they are not only impacting the everyday lives of people but also causing fear and harassment. The situation has become so severe that it is difficult to walk on the roads due to the abundance of flies. Despite efforts to fumigate the city, the problem persists and people are becoming increasingly frustrated. The city's ongoing issues with garbage and drainage have been highlighted once again, causing anger and renewed attention. The problem, which has been used as a political weapon by rival factions for years, remains unresolved. The recent infestation of flies in Karachi, Pakistan, is believed to have been exacerbated by heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem. Experts suggest that the combination of stagnant rainwater, waste on the streets, and leftovers from the Eid al-Adha festival have contributed to the widespread presence of bugs. Noman Ahmed, an expert on water issues in the city, stated that the recent rainfall was not out of the ordinary. He stated that the recent rains in Karachi exposed the city's ongoing issues with urban development, sewage, solid waste management, and water contamination, as well as the practice of using natural drains as dumping grounds for waste. Ahmed warned that if similar weather events occur, Karachi could become completely dysfunctional. The unsanitary conditions have led to an increase in various medical ailments and diseases, including malaria, gastroenteritis, typhoid, dengue fever, chikungunya virus, respiratory disorders, and Congo fever. Flies cover a man's hat in the Bohri Bazaar in Karachi, Pakistan, on August 28, 2019. The city's heavy rains, poor drainage, and garbage issue have led to a widespread presence of bugs. A resident mentioned that the community is partly to blame for dumping animal waste on the streets, contributing to the garbage problem. Vendors in Bohri Bazaar are seen fanning their products to ward off flies, as the insects fly in and out of shops and land on various items for sale. Muhammad Ismail Siddiqui, aged 54, is a vendor who sells traditional sweets such as jalebi and gulab jamun. He has covered them with clear plastic for protection. Siddiqui expressed concern about the flies, stating that they are not just a seasonal issue. He mentioned that in the past, the government would organize fumigation drives early in the day to address the problem. However, he now feels helpless as there are no such measures in place, causing his business to suffer greatly. Those who visit simply observe the flies. The largest city in Pakistan is facing issues with heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem, leading to a widespread presence of bugs. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), currently in power at the national level, is attempting to gain influence in Karachi to challenge the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), which has traditionally held power at the provincial level. A local PTI legislator initiated the "Let's Clean Karachi" campaign, indirectly blaming the PPP for the garbage issue. However, PPP senator Saeed Ghani argues that the campaign has worsened the situation due to poorly managed clean-up efforts. Addressing the garbage problem in Karachi, where trash is commonly seen piled up on roadsides and vacant lots, would be a difficult and costly task. The city of Karachi generates approximately 12,000 tons of waste daily, with its resources and infrastructure struggling to keep pace with the demands of rapid expansion, population growth, and changing lifestyles among its 15 million-plus residents. Like the rest of Pakistan, Karachi is also facing serious climate change challenges. Recently, the city has been dealing with issues such as heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem, resulting in an abundance of flies infesting markets and other areas. Karachi's administration is intricate and divided, with waste management and municipal services handled by various agencies. Construction often occurs over drains, and certain upscale neighborhoods are managed separately as cantonment areas. The city is currently facing a significant insect problem due to heavy rains, poor drainage, and inadequate waste management. Ahmed, an expert on water issues, stated that Karachi's livability is declining and the city is in need of a sanitation emergency to address the backlog of waste and establish a new sanitation management system. This would require politicians to work together, but the presence of flies is hindering progress, according to Ismail Lalpuria, a furniture trader in the Arambagh area of Saddar. He stated that all political parties are simply engaging in politics without actually accomplishing any tasks. | 2 |
The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN has begun distributing agricultural inputs to farmers affected by Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh's coastal region. This distribution is part of the Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP) funded by the World Bank. The distribution has reached beneficiaries in 13 southern Upazilas since it started on July 13. According to a statement from the FAO office in Dhaka, the team distributing the inputs is accompanied by government and FAO officials. FAO representative Ad Spijkers stated that farmers in the south require support with modern technologies to rebuild their livelihoods following the destruction caused by cyclones Sidr and Aila. The support for crops, fisheries, and livestock will continue for the next four years. Spijkers reiterated that despite being vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters, farm production can be increased by using stress-tolerant seeds and modern equipment such as power tillers and irrigation pumps. He also discussed the goals of the ECRRP project, which include promoting balanced fertilizer use, improving surface water irrigation, and providing training on modern technologies through Farmers Field Schools. Spijkers mentioned that the FAO has assisted 1.4 million farmers affected by Sidr and Aila by providing emergency support for crops, fisheries, and livestock. Additionally, 12 southern districts will benefit from EU funding in agriculture and fisheries. Spijkers highlighted the government of Bangladesh's efforts to promote sustainable food security in the southern delta region through investments and modern practices. He stressed the importance of having a detailed investment master plan that will effectively connect the agriculture and water sectors in the south to achieve sustainable development and restore the region's status as the nation's main source of food production. The FAO leader also promised to collaborate with the government and development partners to create this plan. | 2 |
Funding from the climate fund will be used to construct new cyclone shelters and roads, as well as renovate existing shelters in the coastal area. The Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund's governing council approved a Tk 1.87 billion project for nine coastal districts during their first meeting. State Minister for Environment, Hassan Mahmud, announced that the project will initially focus on building 50 new cyclone shelters and renovating 40 old shelters, as well as constructing approximately 50 km of roads in the coastal districts. Efforts will be made to secure funding from donor countries and agencies. Mahmud mentioned that Bangladesh had been guaranteed $147 million for the project, with the UK offering $10 million and Australia providing $16 million. In addition to this project, two other initiatives were discussed at the meeting: constructing a cross dam at Noakhali-Urirchar-Sandip to reclaim land from the sea, and coastal forestation. | 2 |
Many dedicated readers have found the book, which is set in the 1950s and portrays various interreligious friendships and relationships, to be enduring due to its relatable family dramas and as a guide for secular, independent citizenship. Despite multiple failed attempts, the beloved novel has finally been adapted into a luxurious new six-part series, directed by Mira Nair, an Oscar-nominated filmmaker known for "Salaam Bombay!" and "Monsoon Wedding." The series premiered on BBC One in July and was praised in Britain for being the network's first prime-time drama filmed in India with a predominantly Indian cast. However, in India, the response was more complex as members of the ruling Hindu nationalist party called for a boycott over its portrayal of interfaith romance, leading to an investigation by police into Netflix, the show's distributor there. In the United States, where "A Suitable Boy" premiered on streaming service Acorn TV, the series arrived with less fanfare and without any calls for boycott. Nair, who was raised in India but now lives in New York, has jokingly referred to the show as "'The Crown' in Brown" due to its grand story and production. However, beyond its impressive scale and reputation, the project holds deep personal and political significance for her. Nair stated in a recent video call from her home that she wanted to create a reflection of a world that seemed to be drifting further away. The 1950s, a time of idealism and secularism, has always resonated with her, as it was the year her parents got married. The novel "A Suitable Boy" was born during a time when Hindu nationalist politics were gaining prominence in India after violent clashes over the destruction of a mosque in Ayodhya in 1992. The story is set in the aftermath of the British partition of India in 1947, which led to the creation of Pakistan. His approach was to write a dramatic comedy of manners, focusing on a mother's efforts at Indian matchmaking and turning it into a complex and heartfelt story involving four upper-class families, forbidden love, religious harmony, and political issues after Partition. This novel became the definitive representation of India's early years. After facing challenges in getting the book adapted, Seth personally chose Welsh screenwriter Andrew Davies, known for his successful adaptation of Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in 2016. Seth entrusted his sister, Aradhana Seth, with overseeing the adaptation process while he worked on a sequel. The BBC commissioned the series in 2017, with director Nair joining the project the following year. Putting aside the humorous comparisons, the adaptation of "Suitable" is similar in soapiness and sweep to "The Crown," but did not have the same budget as the House of Windsor drama. In order to afford the desired locations and period detail, the production was reduced from eight episodes to six and streamlined the complex narrative of the book. Aradhana Seth emphasized the importance of approaching adaptations with fresh eyes and focusing on the TV version's main characters, Lata and Maan, as they navigate coming of age in 1952 India amidst the country's first post-independence elections. Maan becomes involved in his father's election campaign, exposing him to the broader politics of caste and religion, while Lata discovers her own path despite her mother's insistence on finding her a suitable Hindu boy. Maniktala commented on Lata's abundant energy, noting that she is a recent university graduate who has not yet experienced much of the world. Lata lives in a optimistic bubble where she believes everything will turn out well. Filming finished in India in December, and Nair took a break from editing the show in London to visit New York in March. However, her plans were disrupted when international borders closed due to the coronavirus. In a video interview, Nair showed how she edited the show with her team across multiple screens from different locations around the world. The music for the show was composed remotely, with a full orchestra in Budapest and composers Alex Heffes and sitarist Anoushka Shankar in Los Angeles and London. The show received praise in the mainstream press in Britain for its representation on the BBC, but South Asian critics criticized the English dialogue and accents. Some questioned why an 84-year-old Welsh writer adapted the iconic story about modern India and a young woman's romantic awakening. As social media criticism grew, Vikram Seth defended his choice of Davies, saying "race should have nothing to do with it" in The Telegraph. Davies explained that he was chosen for his experience in adapting long books, despite not being very Indian, from his home in the British Midlands. Nair, who has also adapted "Bleak House" and "Pride and Prejudice" for TV, expressed a need to defend his territory as a writer and to be able to put himself in the minds of characters different from him. Raised in a secular Hindu family, Nair fought to include more political themes from the novel in the screenplay. She aimed to shift the focus from marriage concerns to portraying Lata as a symbol of India's development. Nair also worked to incorporate spoken Hindi and Urdu into the screenplay, despite BBC broadcasting restrictions. When asked about balancing her Indian perspective with British television standards, she laughed. "It was a delightful struggle, I would say." This is a common challenge for Nair, who is experienced in advocating for more accurate and artistic portrayals of South Asians in Western media. She has directed several acclaimed films about India and its diaspora that address ongoing social issues rooted in everyday life. According to Amardeep Singh, a professor at Lehigh University and author of "The Films of Mira Nair: Diaspora Vérité," Nair's work, including "A Suitable Boy," explores the changes happening in modern India and fits well with her previous films like "Monsoon Wedding" and "Salaam Bombay!". The series was shot on location in real cities, where production designers worked to create a midcentury Indian minimalism by hiding the chaos of modern life. A mansion in Lucknow was transformed into the salon of a Muslim singer and courtesan named Saeeda Bai, symbolizing the aristocratic Islamic court culture and literary sensuality that was fading away at the start of the story. Tabu, one of India's most acclaimed actors, portrays the character of Saeeda in Mira Nair's film. Saeeda's poetry, singing, and beauty captivate Maan, the son of a prominent Hindu politician. Tabu emphasized Mira's commitment to portraying women on screen authentically, noting Saeeda's ethereal and untouchable quality. Maan, played by Khatter, highlighted the relevance of interfaith love stories in a diverse country like India, drawing from his own personal experience as the son of parents from different religions. The filming concluded just as protests erupted in cities following the government's controversial law that excludes Muslim migrants from obtaining Indian citizenship. Sadaf Jafar, who plays Bibbo, Saeeda's servant, took part in the protests and was arrested and beaten by police during a violent crackdown. Despite the warnings of friends, Nair launched a public campaign for Jafar's release, inspired by the words of poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz. In the current political climate, speaking out for artists is challenging, but Nair believed it was important to do so. The themes of multiculturalism and hope in "A Suitable Boy" may seem outdated, but Maniktala, who portrays Lata, found them to be relevant and moving. She was emotional as she remembered her own grandfather's experience as a Hindu refugee during the 1947 partition. She expressed the significance of pain and the lessons it brings, emphasizing the diminishing empathy in society. She stressed the importance of remembering our roots and never forgetting where we came from. | 2 |
Kim, a Korean American, was upset by what he perceived as pervasive racism in classical music. He felt that Asian string players were being marginalized and dehumanized, likening them to cattle or mechanical robots. Despite his efforts to promote diversity and inclusion, Kim felt that his white colleagues in the San Francisco orchestra did not share his sense of urgency. Feeling isolated and frustrated, Kim, who is 40 years old, started to doubt his career and eventually resigned from a committee focused on equity and inclusion within the orchestra. After the group started performing again in May, he took a break because he was too upset to play. Despite speaking loudly, he felt ignored and lost his love for music. Artists from China, Japan, South Korea, and other countries are prominent in classical music, winning competitions and being well-represented in orchestras and conservatories. Famous performers like Yo-Yo Ma, Midori, and Lang Lang are highly sought after worldwide. The achievements of certain Asian artists may overshadow the reality that many of them experience regular racism and discrimination, as revealed in interviews with over 40 individuals in the music industry. Asian musicians often confront stereotypes that their performances lack emotion and are overly technical. They are often viewed as exotic and marginalized in a field that traditionally stems from European roots. Additionally, they are unfairly criticized for allegedly disrespecting cultural customs that do not belong to them, and they are frequently subjected to online abuse and racial insults. Despite some representation in classical music, many Asian artists feel invisible. Nina Shekhar, a 26-year-old Indian American composer, expressed frustration at not always being able to create the type of art she desires, as her music is often mislabeled as having Indian influences. She finds this invalidating. While there has been an increase in the number of Asian soloists and orchestra musicians, the representation of Black and Latino artists remains low. Asians are particularly scarce in fields such as opera, composition, conducting, arts administration, and on the boards of major cultural institutions. Many artists feel that a lack of role models has made success in these areas seem unattainable, leading them to feel like endangered species. Xian Zhang, the music director of the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, echoed this sentiment. Zhang is among a few Asian female conductors who are heading major ensembles. As a Chinese American, she has faced challenges in gaining respect from male musicians, especially during her guest conducting stints in Europe. The increase in anti-Asian hate incidents has prompted calls for action, with musicians forming advocacy groups and urging cultural organizations to include more Asian leaders and showcase Asian artists and composers. Classical music has historically been resistant to change, with persistent stereotypes about Asians still present. In a recent incident, renowned violinist Pinchas Zukerman faced criticism for using racist stereotypes about Asians during a Juilliard master class. Despite his apology, many successful artists in the industry feel that casual racism has impacted their careers. Sumi Jo, a 58-year-old highly acclaimed coloratura soprano from South Korea, shared that she had lost several roles because stage directors believed she did not look white enough. Jo emphasized the need for Asians to work much harder to achieve success in the industry. Artists of Asian descent have faced stereotypes and discrimination for decades, dating back to the 1960s and 1970s when many musicians from Japan, Korea, and other parts of East Asia came to the United States. A Time magazine report from 1967, titled "Invasion From the Orient," exemplified the prevalent attitudes of the time, describing Asians as physically suited for musical instruments due to their dexterity in various crafts. Despite these challenges, Asian artists have gradually made their mark in orchestras and the concert scene. By 2014, data from the League of American Orchestras showed that musicians of Asian descent made up approximately 9% of large ensembles in the United States, despite Asians representing only about 6% of the population. In prestigious groups such as the New York Philharmonic, this percentage is even higher, with Asians now comprising a third of the orchestra. In contrast, in Europe, the representation of Asians in orchestras is much lower, such as in the London Symphony Orchestra where only three out of 82 players have Asian roots, despite Asians making up more than 18% of London's population. Despite these numbers, racist stereotypes towards Asian artists persist, with some conductors making comments implying that Asians are more suited for careers in technology rather than in classical music. Akiko Tarumoto, assistant concertmaster of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, shared how some musicians of Asian descent have been unfairly judged by audition committees for being too weak or youthful to be taken seriously, or having names too foreign to remember. She also mentioned how Asian musicians in the Philharmonic are sometimes mistaken for each other, and in other ensembles, they have been referred to simply as "Chinese girls." Renowned soloists like Lang Lang have tried to challenge stereotypes by embracing expressive styles in their performances in response to perceptions that Asians are cold and reserved. Yuja Wang, a Chinese pianist, has attempted to mock the stereotype of Asians as robotic, with varying levels of success, which some scholars attribute in part to misunderstandings about the Suzuki method of music education. This method, originating in Japan in the 1950s, has been criticized in the West for creating musicians who lack individuality, but it is still widely used, even among non-Asian students. In 2019, Wang participated in a controversial concert at Carnegie Hall with a comedy duo, where crude jokes were made about her sexuality and Chinese background. Wang, who is 34 years old, stated in an interview that early in her career she encountered assumptions that she was technically skilled but lacked emotional depth. She expressed displeasure at being stereotyped and placed in a narrow category. Wang stated that she has rarely encountered direct racism, but has sometimes felt like an outsider in the industry due to others mispronouncing her name or not taking her seriously. Some other well-known soloists like Lang Lang, Yo-Yo Ma, Midori, and Mitsuko Uchida chose not to comment on the issue of race. Zubin Mehta, an Indian conductor, stated that he personally had never faced racism in the industry and did not believe that Asians were discriminated against. He expressed sympathy for those who felt mistreated but was not aware of any significant problems in the industry. Ray Chen, a Taiwanese Australian violinist with a strong social media following, has encountered surprise from audience members who doubt his ability to play composers like Mendelssohn, claiming music is not in his blood. Despite improvements in discrimination, he struggled to find opportunities in Europe due to his Asian heritage. Chen, 32, believes the classical music industry is hindered by a fear of new ideas. Female Asian artists face even more challenges, such as being seen as exotic and submissive. Soyeon Kate Lee, a 42-year-old Korean American pianist, recalled a conductor making inappropriate comments about her in front of other orchestra leaders. Suggestions that Asians are stealing orchestra jobs or spots at conservatories are frequently heard and can be considered xenophobic. Yuka Kadota, a violinist with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, likened Asian musicians to an invasive species like carp or murder hornets. She expressed feeling self-conscious and apologetic during a recent performance where the majority of the players were of Asian descent. Despite progress in orchestras, Asians are still underrepresented in areas such as conducting, composition, and opera. Conductor Mei-Ann Chen, music director of the Chicago Sinfonietta and incoming leader of Recreation — Grosses Orchester Graz in Austria, has learned to accept rejection as part of her reality. Chen, a 48-year-old woman from Taiwan, shared that donors and presenters have canceled meetings and performance opportunities upon discovering her Asian background. Despite facing discrimination, she has persevered. While arts organizations have pledged to showcase a more diverse range of composers, artists of Asian descent feel neglected, with only a small percentage of works by Asian composers being featured in American orchestras' plans for the 2021-22 season. An analysis of 88 orchestras by the Institute for Composer Diversity at the State University of New York at Fredonia revealed that works by Asian composers make up about 2% of the pieces scheduled. The lack of Asian representation in opera is especially noticeable, as the Metropolitan Opera, the largest performing arts organization in the United States, only has 6% of its principal roles next season being filled by Asian singers. This is despite Asians making up about 14% of New York City's population and a significant presence in vocal arts programs. Nicholas Phan, a 42-year-old tenor of Chinese and Greek descent, spoke about the perception of Asians in the opera world. He mentioned that Asians are often seen as technically skilled but lacking in artistic depth. Phan shared an experience where a teacher suggested he change his surname to avoid being stereotyped as a "dumb Asian singer" by competition judges and casting directors. He also mentioned how Asians are often typecast in certain roles in opera productions, which have been criticized for their racist portrayals. Despite this, some Asian singers, like soprano He Hui, find joy in singing these roles. Mezzo-soprano Nina Yoshida Nelsen, who is half Japanese, expressed frustration over being tokenized and called on others to see beyond her race and heritage when casting roles. After her plea, she received three offers for non-stereotypical roles within a week. Advocating for change, Sou-Chun Su, a violinist in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, emphasized the importance of speaking up and overcoming fear. He noted the challenge of getting orchestra leaders to address concerns of Asian players until the tragic events in Atlanta in March. Su expressed disappointment that it took such a significant event to prompt action. The orchestra acknowledged the need for a more inclusive culture but recognized there is still much work to be done. Additionally, Hyeyung Yoon, a former member of the Chiara String Quartet, founded Asian Musical Voices of America to provide a platform for artists of Asian descent to discuss issues of racism and identity. The group holds monthly meetings on Zoom. Yoon stated that cultural institutions often overlook Asians in discussions about increasing diversity in classical music because they assume they are already well-represented. She noted that the Asian experience is rarely acknowledged. Some artists, like Miran Kim, a violinist at the Metropolitan Opera, have used social media to challenge their employers. Kim recently expressed her exhaustion and frustration playing works with racist elements, such as "Madama Butterfly," and criticized the Met for selling a Butterfly-themed sleep mask that she found offensive. The mask was later removed and the Met issued an apology. Kim, 31, highlighted the lack of Asians in leadership roles, stating, "We're not included." "We are not included in the discussion." There have been some positive developments. San Francisco Opera is set to appoint Eun Sun Kim, a South Korean conductor, as its music director next month, making her the first woman to hold this position at a major American opera company. However, there are still significant obstacles to overcome. David Kim, a violist in the San Francisco Symphony who is reevaluating his career, expressed frustration with disagreements among colleagues regarding public statements on racism. He also believes that the orchestra does not adequately showcase composers of color. Kim, who has been a member of the ensemble since 2009, expressed feelings of loss upon realizing that his work as a classical musician no longer reflects his values. He is ashamed to be part of an industry that he believes lacks self-awareness, is entitled, and disregards social justice. Kim believes that classical music, which he described as "racism disguised as art," must confront its history of intolerance before meaningful change can occur. Despite superficial acceptance of Asians in orchestras and ensembles, Kim questions whether true acceptance exists in these circles. | 2 |
According to the Fiji Elections Office (FEO), Bainimarama's Fiji First party received approximately 50 percent of the votes, while the opposition Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA) closely followed with nearly 40 percent. Bainimarama, who has been the Prime Minister of Fiji since leading a bloodless coup in 2006, has secured 27 out of 51 seats, as reported by the electoral commission. Despite being in Auckland, New Zealand for his brother's funeral, Bainimarama expressed his pride in being re-elected as prime minister. SODELPA, with 21 seats, along with three other losing parties, raised concerns about the transparency of the tally process and urged the electoral commission and FEO to hold off on officially announcing results. This election marked only the second time since 2006 that Fiji has held democratic elections. Mahendra Chaudhry of the Fiji Labour Party, along with SODELPA, National Federation Party, and Unity Fiji, expressed concerns on Facebook Live about the supervisor of elections rushing to release results, compromising procedures and legal requirements. Chaudhry emphasized the need to address these issues for the election to maintain credibility. In response, Elections Supervisor Mohammed Saneem stated that the authorities have been transparent and are providing accurate information in a timely manner for the people of Fiji. In a brief statement released on Friday, the Multinational Observer Group (MOG) supported Saneem's assertions, stating that the Fijian election campaign adhered to global standards. The MOG acknowledged concerns from the public regarding the integrity of pre-poll ballots and expressed the need to thoroughly examine this process. The group concluded that the legal framework supporting the electoral system aligns with key international principles of universal suffrage and non-discrimination. Due to heavy rain impacting some voting venues earlier in the week, voting in those areas was rescheduled to Saturday, Nov 17, to ensure all eligible votes were included in the final count. | 2 |
Health authorities and the United Nations have criticized the latest measures taken by some US states to impose mandatory quarantines on health workers returning home from treating Ebola victims in West Africa, calling them extreme. The top health official dealing with Washington's response to Ebola warned against ostracizing doctors and nurses who travel to West Africa to combat the disease. The Ebola outbreak has resulted in nearly 5,000 deaths since March, primarily in West Africa, but the nine cases in the United States have raised concerns. Despite federal advice, states like New York and New Jersey have implemented their own strict controls. The United Nations strongly condemned the new restrictions placed on health workers returning from Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, emphasizing the need to support those who develop infections rather than stigmatize them. American soldiers returning from West Africa are also being isolated, even if they show no symptoms or have not been exposed to the virus. The Army stated that the monitoring period is to ensure the health and safety of soldiers, family members, and surrounding communities. The Army has placed around twelve soldiers in isolation upon their return to their home base in Vicenza, Italy over the weekend. This group includes Major General Darryl Williams, the commander of U.S. Army Africa, who led the military's initial response to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Williams explained in a telephone interview with Reuters that the isolated soldiers are staying in a separate area on the base and will have no contact with the general population or their families. The US military has emphasized that their personnel are not working directly with Ebola patients but are instead constructing treatment units to support health authorities in combating the epidemic. According to Dr. Jeff Duchin, Washington State epidemiologist and chairman of the public health committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, up to 4,000 U.S. troops may be deployed on the mission. The decision to deploy troops goes against established military protocols and contradicts President Barack Obama's administration's stance on precautionary quarantines for healthcare workers returning from Ebola-affected countries. US federal health officials have revised guidelines for returning doctors and nurses, with Dr. Thomas Frieden of the CDC calling for isolation of those at highest risk for Ebola, but most medical workers will only require daily monitoring without isolation. Frieden emphasized that the CDC's decisions are based on science and experience. Frieden stated that guidelines and recommendations will be adjusted as science and experience evolve. The new guidelines from the Obama administration are not required, allowing states to implement stricter policies if desired. Australia recently implemented a ban on visas from Ebola-affected countries in West Africa to prevent the disease from entering the country. Despite criticism from experts and advocates, the ban was seen as a necessary safety precaution by the government. Medical professionals emphasize that Ebola is not easily transmitted and is not airborne. Mandatory quarantines have been condemned by various organizations as hindering efforts to combat the disease in West Africa. Anthony Banbury of the UN stated that health workers returning home should be celebrated as heroes. | 2 |
The UK’s new Disasters and Emergencies Preparedness Programme, worth £40 million, aims to provide expert training, simulation drills, and new disaster monitoring systems to help countries most vulnerable to natural disasters like Bangladesh, Nepal, Ethiopia, and Sudan prepare for future shocks. Justine Greening, UK’s International Development Secretary, will announce the programme at the World Bank’s Spring Meeting in Washington. Funding for projects that improve the quality and speed of humanitarian response will be awarded competitively under this programme. Greening will emphasize the need for increased global investment in emergency preparedness and resilience, as the humanitarian system is already stretched thin. Accredited international training programmes will be organized in high-risk countries in collaboration with the START network and the Communicating with Disaster-affected Communities Network. Support will also be provided for innovative early warning systems, such as satellite monitoring and improved communication and coordination of disasters. Additionally, a £20 million fund will be set up for UNICEF and the World Food Programme to enhance disaster planning in 11 high-risk countries or regions, benefiting 17 million people at risk of disasters, including 14 million women and children in emergencies. This fund will allow agencies to preposition relief items and replenish stocks for quicker humanitarian responses. The countries mentioned will be Afghanistan, Burma, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Chad, Madagascar, Central America, Central Asia, African Great Lakes, and the Syria region. An example of the effectiveness of this approach was provided by Bangladesh, which reduced casualties from similar cyclones from 500,000 in 1972 to 3,400 in 2008. In addition, the release also mentioned that Greening will outline DFID's five key areas for improvement to alleviate the demand for emergency assistance. These areas include investing more in preparedness and resilience, supporting local civil society organizations for leadership in humanitarian responses, allowing recipients to dictate aid, and tailoring responses to meet the specific needs of those affected by emergencies. Response in the 21st Century calls for new and creative methods of providing humanitarian aid, such as utilizing mobile phones, implementing more adaptable shelter kits, and giving cash instead of traditional relief supplies to allow people to prioritize their urgent needs. The development challenge lies in addressing humanitarian disasters in areas of extreme poverty, requiring long-term planning to prevent or mitigate the impact of recurring crises like food shortages. | 2 |
A member of South Africa's ruling ANC has initiated a legal action to delay the party's upcoming conference due to disputes over leadership and violations of the bill of rights. The internal conflict between supporters of President Thabo Mbeki and Deputy Jacob Zuma prior to the Dec 16-20 ANC conference has caused significant divisions within the historically disciplined and unified party. Lawyer and ANC member Votani Majola is seeking an injunction at the Johannesburg High Court to halt the conference, claiming that the current environment is not conducive for holding the event. ANC Secretary-General Kgalema Motlanthe has confirmed that the party has been served with legal papers regarding allegations of rights violations. The article did not provide any specifics, and Motlanthe and ANC spokesperson Smuts Ngonyama could not be reached for comment on Thursday. Zuma is currently ahead of Mbeki in the competition for ANC leader, which could pave the way for him to become president in 2009, considering the ANC's strong influence in South African politics. Investors are concerned about Zuma's connections to the left, but a senior aide to Mbeki stated on Wednesday that the country's economic strategies are unlikely to see significant changes regardless of the election outcome. The aide also downplayed concerns about potential instability if Zuma wins. | 2 |
The global competition surrounding electric cars and battery technology has significant economic implications for automakers, small battery startups, and consumers. As the era of combustion engines comes to an end, car buyers will have a wide variety of electric cars to choose from, each using different types of batteries. The chemical composition of batteries, once a technical matter for engineers, is now a major topic of discussion in the corporate offices of major automakers like General Motors, Toyota, Ford Motor, and Volkswagen, as well as in government discussions. These companies are investing in startups that are revolutionizing battery technology in order to stay competitive in the electric car revolution. Mastering battery technology is crucial for automakers to succeed and avoid being surpassed by companies like Tesla in the electric car market. Batteries will not only impact the price of new cars but could also become a defining feature of vehicles. Similar to how consumers used to focus on features like megapixels in cameras or processing speeds in computer chips, the quality of batteries will now be a crucial factor in the decision-making process for purchasing cars and trucks. According to Hau Thai-Tang from Ford Motor, the battery in electric vehicles will be the new distinguishing factor among brands. Automakers are recognizing the importance of batteries in the fight against climate change, as they help transition vehicles and the power sector away from fossil fuels. As demand for electric cars rises, companies are working on improving battery technology to make them more affordable and efficient. Currently, batteries account for a significant portion of the cost of electric cars, ranging from one-quarter to one-third. The majority of these batteries are produced by a small number of Asian companies, including those used by Tesla. Despite being a leading electric car manufacturer, Tesla still depends on Asian suppliers and is looking to increase their in-house manufacturing. President Joe Biden recently urged companies to shift more of the battery supply chain to the United States. The recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia highlighted the strategic significance of these efforts. Volkswagen had to temporarily close its main electric vehicle factory in Germany due to disruptions in the supply of parts from western Ukraine. Other auto giants like Stellantis are investing heavily in startups such as Factorial Energy, a small company in Woburn, near Boston. Factorial is working on a new battery that charges faster, holds more energy, and is less likely to overheat than current batteries. The company's executives are focused on creating a safer battery and improving people's lives. High-ranking officials in the Biden administration have stated their intention to assist in improving battery technologies in the United States, as they acknowledge the country's failure to capitalize on domestically created innovations. This has led to the growth of a significant battery industry in China. The Energy Department is exploring options to fund companies involved in battery production or the supply of essential minerals for batteries. There are currently 10 applications pending for funding, totaling over $15 million for battery-related projects. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg highlighted the negative impact of a lack of innovation on his hometown of South Bend, Indiana, which was once the location of the now-defunct Studebaker company. He stated that innovation is crucial for the auto industry's past, present, and future, especially with the potential for America to lead in electric vehicles. The immediate change on the horizon involves the materials used in batteries, with some automakers like Tesla and Ford shifting towards lithium iron phosphate batteries, which are cheaper and more durable than traditional nickel, manganese, and cobalt batteries. Tesla plans to introduce LFP batteries in lower-priced electric vehicles with shorter ranges, while Ford is set to use them in certain trucks for fleet owners under the Ion Boost Pro brand. Ford executive Thai-Tang mentioned that these batteries could be beneficial for delivery services, plumbers, electricians, and landscapers working within a specific area. Ford is collaborating with SK Innovation from Korea for battery production, but aims to shift much of the manufacturing to the United States to minimize geopolitical and logistical costs. However, it is important to note that the LFP battery is not a definitive solution. Vehicles manufactured by Tesla that utilize these batteries have a driving range of approximately 270 miles per charge, while similar models powered by nickel and cobalt batteries can travel about 358 miles. Additionally, LFP batteries may experience power loss in freezing temperatures and take longer to recharge. Ford's upcoming electric F-150 pickup truck, with 200,000 reservations already, will utilize batteries with a higher percentage of energy-dense nickel from SK Innovation. Tesla has already produced 1 million cells for its new "4680" battery, featured in the Model Y crossovers, which CEO Elon Musk claims will provide 16 percent more range due to its unique honeycomb design. In 2020, he stated that something is difficult until it is found, and then it becomes easy. General Motors (GM) asserts that their Ultium battery cell requires 70% less cobalt compared to the cells found in the Chevrolet Bolt electric hatchback. The company has incorporated aluminum into their battery design. The GMC Hummer pickup, recently introduced by GM, is the first vehicle to utilize this battery technology. GM, in collaboration with South Korea's LG Chem, is constructing a $2.3 billion battery plant in Lordstown, Ohio. The United States is currently building at least 13 large battery factories, emphasizing the growing importance of batteries in auto branding. GM is advertising Ultium batteries, highlighting the need for reliability and safety. GM recently recalled the Bolt due to a battery defect that can cause fires. Automakers are looking to reduce their use of cobalt, much of which is sourced from the Congo through Chinese-financed companies or freelance miners, some of whom employ children. Markus Schäfer, a senior Mercedes executive in charge of research and development, expressed concern about potential human rights violations, including child labor and difficult conditions for artisan miners. The auto industry is particularly worried about nickel, as Russia is a key supplier of the metal. A team of approximately 25 government scientists at Oak Ridge National Lab is working on advancing innovations in electric car batteries. They are comparing conventional batteries with an experimental cobalt-free alternative by charging and discharging them over several weeks to assess their performance. Ilias Belharouak, in charge of the Oak Ridge Battery Manufacturing Center, aims to reduce battery costs by up to 50%, extend their range beyond 300 miles, and decrease charge times to 15 minutes or less. The Energy Department has allocated $200 million to fund some of this work, with a "virtual pitchfest" scheduled for next month where battery designers can present ideas to scientists, government officials, and industry executives. Factorial Energy and other US startups like Solid Power and QuantumScape are working to revolutionize battery construction, not just alter their ingredients. Many current batteries use a liquid solution as an electrolyte to facilitate the flow of electricity. In contrast, solid-state batteries do not require a liquid electrolyte, making them lighter, more energy-efficient, and quicker to charge. They also have a lower risk of igniting, reducing the need for cooling equipment. Major car manufacturers are investing heavily in solid-state technology, with Volkswagen backing QuantumScape, a company based in San Jose, California. BMW and Ford are betting on Solid Power, a company located in Louisville, Colorado. General Motors has also invested in SolidEnergy Systems, which originated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is situated in Singapore. The timeline for the arrival of solid-state batteries is uncertain. Stellantis aims to debut mass-market vehicles with these batteries by 2026, while other companies predict broader availability around 2030. The first car manufacturer to offer solid-state batteries will gain a significant edge in the market. Huang, the co-founder of Factorial, mentioned that she and her business partner often work through the night to meet technical goals. She is driven by memories of the polluted air in Shanghai where she grew up and is dedicated to the company's mission of achieving a fossil-free future. Factorial, which has investments from Mercedes-Benz and Hyundai, aims to expand globally despite currently operating on the second floor. Employees in white coats work in laboratories to test prototype cells with a serious focus. Despite the busy activity in the auto industry, there may be challenges in meeting the demand for new batteries due to limitations in mining and processing all the necessary raw materials, especially lithium, according to Andrew Miller, the chief operating officer at Benchmark Minerals Intelligence. Miller expressed uncertainty about where the raw materials will come from for the models and plans announced by battery makers globally over the next three years. | 2 |
Three years ago, a purchase was made in Exeter with the hopes of turning the community into a major hub for Canada's growing legal pot industry. However, before any of the anticipated jobs could be filled or a single marijuana seed could be planted, it became clear that Canada was producing more marijuana than the market demanded. As a result, the 1-million-square-foot greenhouse sat empty for two years before being sold for significantly less than its original purchase price. Exeter's experience with the greenhouse reflects the larger Canadian story of high expectations followed by disappointment in the legal pot industry. One reason for this lack of success, according to analysts, is Canada's tightly regulated distribution system which limits advertising and marketing opportunities. The slow opening of stores in certain provinces, especially Ontario, is contributing to the issue. Additionally, surveys have indicated that a lot of Canadians are not inclined to embrace a new habit. The mayor, George Finch, expressed disappointment outside Exeter's historic Town Hall, stating, "We were excited about it. It seemed almost too good to be true, right? It's unfortunate." When Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government legalized marijuana in 2018, the main goal was to create a fairer justice system rather than to stimulate a significant new business sector. However, investors had a different perspective, leading to a surge in activity on the Toronto Stock Exchange as the legalization approached. This "green rush" resulted in a significant influx of money into companies aiming to capitalize on the Canadian market as well as potential opportunities in the United States. As a result, previously unused greenhouses were revamped and sold at high prices, and new indoor growing facilities emerged nationwide. Newspapers, which had been reducing their staff, hired journalists to cover the growing marijuana industry. Similar to plastics in the movie "The Graduate," marijuana appeared to be on track to become the next big thing in Canada. The investment frenzy mirrored the dot-com stock boom of the late 1990s, but ultimately ended in a similar collapse. Despite a modest recovery due to increased legalization in the United States, with New York legalizing marijuana recently and four states voting for legalization in November, one marijuana stock index remains down by approximately 70% from its peak in 2018. Even 2 1/2 years after legalization, many marijuana producers in Canada are still experiencing significant losses. A significant new competitor is on the horizon as Mexico recently passed a law legalizing recreational marijuana use. This could make the business environment even more difficult for Canadian cannabis growers, according to Kyle Murray, vice dean at the University of Alberta School of Business. He compared the situation to the dot-com boom and eventual bust, predicting a series of shakeouts in the industry. Canopy Growth, Canada's biggest producer, reported losses of CA$1.2 billion in the first nine months of its current operating year. The industry has been hit with layoffs, leading to large producers merging to increase their size and strength. Many greenhouses in several provinces have permanently shut down. Analysts believed that the marijuana industry in Canada would experience rapid growth similar to the liquor industry in the United States after Prohibition, but this has not been the case. Brendan Kennedy, the CEO of Tilray, a major grower based in Nanaimo, British Columbia, stated that the industry in Canada has not progressed as quickly as expected, resulting in his company losing $272 million last year. Kennedy, a prominent figure in Canada's marijuana industry, has faced challenges competing with the illicit market due to strict regulations. Despite many industry pioneers being ousted due to losses and stock declines, Kennedy will continue as a director after the planned merger between Tilray and Aphria, which is set to create the world's largest cannabis company. In Ontario, sales were initially planned to be through government-owned liquor stores, but this plan was canceled by a new Conservative government in 2018, leaving only online sales through a provincial website. The province has changed its plans twice since then, resulting in a uneven rollout of privately owned shops. Despite an increase in licensing, Ontario has only approved 575 shops, compared to Alberta's 583 shops with a smaller population. Although initial expectations for marijuana profits were too high, there is confidence that a successful business will eventually emerge, evidenced by the growing number of shops in Ontario. The decrease in prices closer to street prices should also boost legal sales. Murray stated that despite the poor start, it doesn't mean that it's a bad market. He mentioned that initially, there was too much money and too many companies involved, but eventually, there will be some successful companies that will become global leaders. A positive aspect has been seen in British Columbia, where sales in legal stores grew by 24% from June to October 2020, showing progress in the formerly illegal marijuana industry. In Quebec, the government-owned cannabis store operator, Société Québécoise du Cannabis, initially lost nearly CA$5 million in its first fiscal year but has since turned profitable. Despite disappointment among some of the larger growers in Canada, who are looking to foreign markets, particularly for medical marijuana, for growth, analysts are doubtful. According to Brent McKnight, a professor at McMaster University, Mexico's recent push to create the world's largest legal market may pose a threat to marijuana growing in Canada due to trade agreements, lower labor costs, and a more favorable climate in Mexico. He mentioned that this would cause local growers to face pricing pressures. Concerns have been raised about the impact of Canada's industry consolidation on smaller players as larger, publicly traded companies take over. Before legalization, compassion clubs were the first to sell cannabis to those using it for medical purposes. Dr. Daniel Werb, a public health researcher, noted that the current system favors large corporate growers, pushing minority communities out of the industry. Research by Werb's group has shown a lack of diversity in the leadership of legal suppliers. Vendors in Indigenous communities are also in a state of uncertainty, not typically targeted by police raids but also operating outside the legal framework. Ontario has started issuing licenses for shops in some of these communities. Werb expressed concern about the lack of diversity and imagination in the cannabis industry, suggesting that there was a missed opportunity to approach it in a more creative and non-profit manner. | 2 |
South African President Thabo Mbeki expressed his belief that Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe will resign peacefully and emphasized the importance of ensuring free and fair elections in Zimbabwe next year. Mbeki, appointed by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to lead mediation efforts, stated in an interview with the Financial Times on Tuesday that he is optimistic about Mugabe stepping down despite accusations of electoral misconduct and economic mismanagement. President Mugabe and the leadership of ZANU-PF believe they are governing a democratic country, as evidenced by the presence of an elected opposition and their ability to run municipal governments in Harare and Bulawayo. The SADC appointed Mbeki as mediator between Mugabe and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) after a violent crackdown on political opponents. Mbeki believes that African leaders working together could help pave the way for a settlement in Zimbabwe, despite not having a "big stick" to force change. Mbeki stated that his office has been in communication with both of the MDC's main factions and ZANU-PF to establish a framework for negotiations ahead of next year's elections, where Mugabe has already been confirmed as the ZANU-PF candidate. Mbeki mentioned that the upcoming discussions will likely address the MDC's requests for legal and electoral changes, including media and security laws that critics believe Mugabe has used to maintain his power in the country. Mbeki noted that based on previous interactions with the MDC, he expects them to bring up issues such as media legislation and laws regarding public gatherings. He added that there will be discussions with ZANU-PF to address these concerns and potentially reach an agreement on creating a fair electoral environment. The primary leader of the MDC, Morgan Tsvangirai, stated in Johannesburg that he would be open to participating in an election that is guaranteed to be free and fair, but emphasized that quick action from Mbeki is necessary to establish the proper conditions. The SADC, criticized by the West for ignoring Mugabe's crackdown, is hopeful that appointing Mbeki will facilitate direct negotiations between Mugabe and the MDC, despite previous unsuccessful attempts to broker a political agreement. The West accuses Mugabe, who has been in power since Zimbabwe gained independence from Britain in 1980, of ruling authoritatively and mismanaging the economy. Mugabe defends himself by claiming he is being punished for redistributing white-owned farms to landless blacks. | 2 |
Trained in soldering, she had dreams of pursuing a career in electrical work but instead spent her time hemming saris for her husband's tailor shop in Pune, India. However, two years ago, she was able to secure a job in the country's growing electric vehicle sector. Kumbhar's ambition, which was previously put on hold due to motherhood and safety concerns, has now been realized as she works at a factory in Pune assembling circuits for EV speedometers - her first formal job with a fixed salary. She is among a small but increasing number of women making a mark in India's booming EV industry, which is being driven by high sales and government policies aimed at reducing emissions by promoting electric vehicles. Despite challenges such as safety issues and a lack of charging stations, the demand for EVs is surpassing supply, leading companies to offer rare job opportunities to women in an industry traditionally dominated by men. Kumbhar expressed her satisfaction with her job at Kinetic Communications, a manufacturer of EV components, where she works alongside other women on the shop floor assembling circuits with pink gloves. She stated to the Thomson Reuters Foundation that her soldering skills are excellent and she may receive a promotion, which has been her dream. The factory where she works has a workforce that is predominantly women, which is uncommon in India where only 20% of women are part of the labor force. India has one of the lowest rates of female participation in the world, with only 47% of women employed or seeking work compared to 74% of men. The gender gap in India was worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, with nearly half of women losing their jobs in both formal and informal sectors during lockdowns and not returning to work by the end of 2020, according to research. In the last two years, the rise in sales of electric vehicles in India has created more opportunities for women in manufacturing, design, and leadership roles, as the industry focuses on electronics, assembly, software, and design skills that are more commonly found among women. This shift is seen as a chance for women to increase their pay and influence in the workplace, according to labour rights advocates. Startups in the electric vehicle sector are bringing in new ideas and building their businesses from scratch, unlike traditional auto companies with predominantly male workforces. Some companies, such as Ola Cabs and Piaggio, have even established all-women shop-floors at their factories in India. Kinetic Green, Hero Electric, and Ather Energy, along with Esmito Solutions, Kinetic Green, and Mahindra Electric, are all planning to expand their operations and focus on hiring more women. The energy transition company of the federal power ministry is also led by women. Urdhwareshe, who started working in India's auto industry in the 1980s, believes that women have the necessary mindset to overcome the challenges of a growing business, as they prioritize safety and value for money. However, she acknowledges that there are still not enough women in the industry, but those who are present are setting examples. An electric vehicle charging station in Nagpur, India, features Mahindra's e2oPlus, which is operated by Ola, an Indian ride-hailing company. REUTERS/Aditi Shah captured Mahindra's e2oPlus, operated by Indian ride-hailing company Ola, at an electric vehicle charging station in Nagpur, India on January 24, 2018. During her time as co-founder and CEO of Esmito, a startup specializing in batteries and battery-swapping stations for EVs, Prabhjot Kaur often found herself as the only woman in meetings where she had to repeatedly explain her role. Despite facing assumptions that she was a secretary, Kaur confidently presented her work to the surprise of others. Sulajja Firodia Motwani, founder and CEO of Kinetic Green, has had similar experiences to Kaur. After completing her studies at university and returning from the United States in the mid-1990s, she joined her family's car business, where she faced skepticism from the staff. According to Motwani, who is 51 years old, they believed she was a privileged daughter who would only be there temporarily and would soon disappear. Kaur and Motwani, like many other women in the electric vehicle corporate world, have encountered challenges such as a lack of female restrooms and not being taken seriously by their colleagues. On a more positive note, numerous female leaders and workers on the factory floor shared with the Thomson Reuters Foundation that their parents, especially their fathers, had been their biggest supporters, encouraging them to pursue their dreams. Kaur, who grew up in Rajpura, a small town in the predominantly agricultural northern state of Punjab, attributes her determination to her experience as the sole female in a karate class of 50 students during her teenage years. Kaur initially did not want to go, but her father convinced her to do so. She explained that her anger drove her to become the best student and also helped her overcome any fear of large groups of men. As a child, Motwani spent time in her grandfather's office, drawing on its walls. Despite earning a degree from Carnegie Mellon University, she still had to demonstrate her capabilities in the industry to earn her place. Motwani, who was back at work just four days after her baby was born, expressed gratitude for the platform she had. In the early days of her career, she visited 200 districts to familiarize herself with the firm's dealership network. It is not only female CEOs like her who are contributing to India's EV surge, but also thousands of women factory workers like Nasreen Banu, who was the first woman in her family to pursue education and employment. She works as a production supervisor on Ather's battery assembly line for scooters and is determined to challenge stereotypes about what girls are capable of. Despite the common belief that girls cannot lift heavy objects, she confidently handles 25 kg batteries at the Ather factory in Hosur. In New Delhi, Mahua Acharya leads Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL), which is the energy transition company of India's federal power ministry. With a degree in environmental management from Yale and experience in green finance, renewable energy, and carbon markets, Acharya sees her role as head of CESL as an opportunity to increase the presence of electric vehicles on Indian roads. She focuses on developing innovative business models to facilitate the deployment of these vehicles. Government incentives and tax benefits have boosted the production and sales of EVs in India, which currently make up nearly 2% of all vehicles on the roads. CESL aims to increase this number by expanding charging infrastructure, providing easy financing options, and placing bulk orders for public transport vehicles. However, Acharya faces challenges such as vehicle shortages, limited battery and semiconductor supplies, safety concerns, and inadequate charging infrastructure powered by fossil fuels. She mentioned that as a woman leading the government's efforts in e-mobility, she has not personally experienced bias, despite often being the only woman in meetings with 15 men. In her view, women bring up important issues that men may overlook, such as the necessity of locating EV charging stations in safe areas rather than focusing solely on electricity and land availability. Some in the industry appreciate the unique perspective and insight that women bring to discussions. Sohinder Singh Gill, CEO of Hero Electric and director general of the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles, acknowledged that men can be competitive, but discussions are more flexible with women. During a meeting eight years ago with male representatives from major auto brands discussing the future of EVs in India, she found it perplexing that they were only discussing cars and Tesla. She spoke up amidst the noise to bring attention to the fact that in India, 90% of people use two- and three-wheeled vehicles or buses, while only 10% drive cars. Her persistence led the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers to establish a focus group on two and three-wheelers, which she was asked to lead. This has allowed her to have a positive impact on India's new policy for electric vehicles, which focuses on green mobility for the masses. Despite safety concerns as demand for EVs outpaces supply in India, there is a sense of excitement in the industry. CEOs of EV companies are optimistic that the "sunrise industry" will make up 30% of all vehicle sales before India's target year of 2030. Policy makers are praising the unprecedented efforts made by Indian states to shift towards electric vehicles, aiming to reduce crude-oil import costs and help India reach its goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2070. However, despite the positive images of new EV users on social media, the industry is facing significant challenges such as e-scooters catching fire and a lack of charging points, which is causing buyers to lose confidence. A Delhi resident named Dolly Maurya, who purchased an electric rickshaw with a state subsidy, worries about the limited number of charging stations in the city, raising concerns about what she would do if her battery dies while she is out. Maurya, who is considering using a vehicle for part-time work transporting passengers in preparation for a government job entrance test, inquired about the mounting concerns among EV users as sales increase. Kaur from Esmito has been monitoring recent cases of e-scooters catching fire with growing concern. Kaur expressed worry about the negative impact these incidents have on the industry's growth and mentioned plans to expand manufacturing operations, currently located in the basement car park of the IIT research park in Chennai. As the founder of the Centre for Battery Engineering and Electric Vehicles, Kaur collaborates with auto companies to develop safer battery alternatives to fossil fuel engines and emphasized the need for more research and development to ensure battery safety. She mentioned that most companies, more than 400 in number, import parts and put them together. She emphasized the need to customize everything according to their environment and requirements. Kinetic Green's Motwani collaborated with non-profit organizations and states to promote electric three-wheeler rickshaws as a new source of income for women in insurgency-hit Dantewada and bicycle rickshaw pullers in Uttar Pradesh. Motwani highlighted that they presented EVs as a way to earn money with minimal operating expenses. In line with the Hindi saying "jo dikhta hai woh bikta hai (what you see, sells)," he mentioned that the e-rickshaw drivers could earn 1,000 rupees a day and they managed the servicing. Acharya in the federal government is advocating for state agencies that run public buses to hire more female drivers. She believes it is a desirable job with good pay and set hours, which provides women with a sense of security about when they can return home. The Delhi government has eliminated height restrictions for bus drivers and waived the 15,000 rupee fee for heavy vehicle driving licenses for women. Additionally, a third of the e-rickshaws being subsidized by the city are reserved for women like Maurya. Delhi transport minister Kailash Gahlot stated that the initiative aims to provide women with work opportunities and promote the use of electric vehicles for a safer public transport system. In addition to financial incentives, the increasing sales of EVs in India are driven by concerns about climate change, high fuel prices, and transportation challenges during the pandemic. For example, Mumbai resident Rajni Arun Kumar switched from public transport to an orange e-scooter for her daily commute and to transport her unvaccinated children to their activities, citing safety concerns amidst the pandemic. However, she is now hoping to have a charging point nearby, as the closest one is 3 km (1.86 miles) and a traffic jam away. "There needs to be a point where people start taking action to help protect the environment," she stressed. Companies are aware that women like Kumar play a crucial role in making household purchasing decisions. According to Hero Electric's Gill, e-scooters have a higher percentage of female buyers compared to traditional scooters, as they eliminate the inconvenience of trips to petrol stations and are easier to handle. In addition to being price-conscious, Indian women make their purchases based on practical features, as mentioned by Prerana Chaturvedi, co-founder and CEO of Evolet India, an EV startup located in Gurgaon near Delhi. Chaturvedi, a former military aviator in the Indian Air Force, stated that the scooter has a lower seat height and clean edges to prevent scarves and saris from getting tangled. He believes that electric vehicles should be as easy to operate as cell phones. Banu, who works at the Ather factory located off the highway connecting Chennai to Bengaluru, appreciates the independence her job has provided her. Despite originally aspiring to work in a bank or an air-conditioned office, her late father encouraged her to join the auto industry by telling her she could do anything boys could do. She spoke emotionally about her work on batteries for electric scooters, describing them as the heart of the vehicle. Banu, an electrical engineering and electronics diploma holder, is one of many who have completed courses at industrial training institutes before entering the workforce and gaining experience on the job. According to recruitment agency TeamLease Digital, hiring of both men and women has increased by over 30% in the past two years, with a projected 40% growth by the end of 2022. The government anticipates the EV sector will generate 750,000 jobs over the next five years. Munira Loliwala, business head at TeamLease Digital, stated that there have been over 200,000 new job openings in the last six months, with a particular demand for female workers. "When mobile manufacturing started in India, women were crucial for handling delicate pieces due to their thin and nimble fingers," she explained. The same precision is now required for chip manufacturing in electric vehicles, increasing the demand for women in production and design roles. Loliwala mentioned that women leaders are serving as inspirations for others to join the industry. While the new job opportunities for women are welcomed, labor and gender advocates emphasized the need for EV companies to implement strong measures to protect labor rights and ensure equal pay. In industries like clothing, where women are predominantly employed, female workers are often chosen because they are seen as easier and cheaper to hire. Preeti Oza, coordinator of the non-profit Centre for Labour Research and Action, explained that women are typically paid less than men for the same job, which keeps production costs low and causes fewer issues for bosses. Oza also noted that women tend to rush home after work, are less likely to collectively raise demands, and are hesitant to unionize, making them preferred hires. However, Banu, who plans to continue working even after getting married, considers the compact Ather factory her home. She fondly remembers the day she confidently demonstrated her mechanical skills to her father by dismantling and reassembling an Ather scooter near the bus station. She stated that he chuckled loudly and mentioned that the owner might be offended. She added that he was very proud of her. | 2 |
Every fall, wine producers from the Beaujolais region release the first bottles of the year's harvest in the annual "Le Beaujolais Nouveau est arrivé" campaign, which began in the 1960s. Alain Fontaine, owner of Le Mesturet in Paris, referred to the day as a day of revival, offering free glasses of Beaujolais to customers. Despite its reputation as a cheap wine, Parisians enjoyed the Beaujolais, which is a light red wine that is only a few weeks or months old. Felix, an employee at the French national library, described it as a pleasant and affordable wine, although not as prestigious as a grand cru. Wine producers in France are feeling less optimistic due to the country's expected lowest wine production in history, caused by spring frost, hail, and disease affecting vineyards. The farm ministry predicts a 25% decrease in total production compared to the past five years, with the Burgundy-Beaujolais region experiencing a nearly 50% drop. Beaujolais Nouveau winemaker Julien Revillon expressed the challenges faced this year, with the grapes needing more manual labor and a 30% loss in harvest. Despite the disappointing output, people remain attached to the Beaujolais tradition as a way to reunite with loved ones after months of isolation. During challenging times, individuals tend to hold onto customs. Despite war or a pandemic, there is a desire to celebrate traditions such as Christmas or the Beaujolais Nouveau. Marie-Francoise, a 90-year-old Parisian, initially did not enjoy the new Beaujolais but after a second taste, she changed her opinion stating, "It’s a good wine, a very good wine. There is no better Beaujolais!". She made a statement. | 2 |
Hamila, a 40-year-old entrepreneur and owner of a Moroccan packaged food business in London, vividly recalls the excitement of the holiday season. She fondly remembers bringing an entire sheep back to the apartment with her father, where the women would gather to clean the innards and trotters in the bathtub. She also recalls the specific order in which they would eat the meat - organs on the first day of Eid al-Adha, head and trotters on the second day, and finally making kebabs, tagines, or grills on the third day after the fresh meat had rested. Eid al-Adha, also known as the Festival of Sacrifice, is the second major Islamic holiday of the year and aligns with the Hajj pilgrimage. It honors the story of the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail at Allah's command. In the end, God provided a ram for Ibrahim to sacrifice instead. Traditionally, people in the Islamic world have sacrificed a lamb, goat, cow, or camel at home and divided it among the needy, friends and relatives, and immediate family. However, home butchering of animals is now prohibited in many countries, including parts of the Arab world where a significant portion of the Muslim population reside. Meat continues to hold a central role in Eid al-Adha, also known as Eid al-Lahm or Festival of Meat among many Arabs. However, as traditional celebrations rooted in community begin to fade, particularly for Arab Muslims living abroad, people are finding new ways to observe this holiday that is known for its food. Areej Bazzari, a digital marketing director at Salesforce in San Francisco, reminisces about the breakfasts that were the highlight of Eid al-Adha in her upbringing in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Her family's holiday spread included a variety of offal dishes, prepared in different ways such as braised with garlic, fried with onion and spices, or mixed with eggs. Bazzari fondly recalls the teamwork involved in preparing these dishes. Bazzari fondly remembers her family's Eid celebrations from when they lived in Saudi Arabia, where they would often quarrel over who got to sit in front of which plate of organ meat. Since moving to Sonoma County in 2000, they rarely prepare organ meat due to its limited availability. However, on special occasions when her father manages to find fresh heart or kidneys, they will include it with other cuts of meat to continue the tradition, albeit not with the same abundance as before. Bazzari appreciates how her Eid al-Adha celebrations have evolved over the years, drawing on childhood memories and incorporating new cultural traditions learned from friends in the U.S. Eid al-Adha is now a time of celebration for her, marked by a large gathering of family and friends, festive decorations, and a variety of dishes, including unique options like fattehs, shushbarak, and manaqeesh. However, the highlight of the day is always dessert, which is a taste of home for Bazzari. Her parents make a special effort to bring back traditional desserts from Saudi Arabia or Jordan every year, such as ka’ak and ma’amoul, which are essential items on the dessert table. This year, Hamila's dessert selection will include cookies filled with dates or nuts. Her signature dish for the upcoming holiday season will be mechoui, a slowly roasted leg of lamb that holds special meaning in her feast, both for its symbolism and its delicious taste. She plans to serve lighter side dishes such as salads and vegetables, as it is the middle of summer. This year, Eid al-Adha is tentatively scheduled for July 20, but the exact date depends on the sighting of a new moon due to the Islamic calendar being lunar-based. In the past, this holiday was celebrated in cooler weather, but now it moves through the seasons over time. In the last five years, the summer holidays have impacted food choices, leading to a departure from tradition. Hamila believes that traditions should evolve and adapt, emphasizing the importance of embracing celebrations and connecting with the spirit of the occasion. Sumaya Obaid, a chef and TV personality from the UAE, remembers a time in her childhood when neighbors of all backgrounds would come together to sacrifice sheep for Eid al-Adha, sharing and distributing the meat afterwards. "Now that laws have changed and people no longer slaughter animals at home, the sense of community that came from collaborating and sharing in butchering and cleaning has disappeared," she said. Despite this change, other aspects of Eid celebration, such as Machboos el-Eid, a spice-rubbed and roasted lamb dish, remain popular in the Emirates. Each family has its own saffron-laced spice mixture, with women taking pride in selecting fresh spices at the market to grind and prepare at home a few days before the celebration. Obaid describes her blend as "so unique." "But I will only give it to my daughter. It is one of the most secret things in the family." The main component of Eid al-Adha meals may be meat, but the underlying theme is generosity. Obaid expressed his hope to share his family's machboos meal one day. The recipe for Ka'ak el Eid includes ingredients for the dough and filling, with detailed instructions on preparation. Cover the mixture and let it sit at room temperature overnight or for several hours. This will give the semolina time to absorb the butter and oil. The next day or a few hours later, add nigella seeds, aniseed, fennel, baking powder, yeast, sugar, and salt to the semolina mixture. Mix gently with your hands, then add 1/2 cup of warm water and knead for no more than 2 minutes. The combination may still have a crumbly texture at this stage. Slowly incorporate the remaining 1/2 cup of water into the mixture in 1-tablespoon portions, and knead for approximately 1 minute after each addition. Be cautious not to over-knead. Continue this process until you can form a cohesive clump of dough with your fingers that holds together. It may not be necessary to use all of the water, or you may require additional water, a few tablespoons at a time, depending on factors like climate or the type of flour used. The goal is to achieve a dough that easily comes together into a clump and maintains its shape when rolled into a log. Cover the mixture and allow it to sit while you get the filling ready. To prepare the filling, line a medium baking sheet with either plastic wrap or parchment paper and grease it with oil. Pour some oil into a small bowl to use for greasing your hands as needed. Combine the date paste and cinnamon in a bowl and knead them together slightly with greased hands until evenly mixed. Grease your hands and divide the filling into approximately 35 portions, each the size of a golf ball. Roll each portion into a thin string about 4 to 5 inches long on a flat surface. Place the strings on a greased baking sheet, cover with plastic wrap, and set aside until needed. The prepared strings can be left at room temperature for a few days without any problems. Step 6: To make the cookies, preheat the oven to 400 degrees and prepare a few baking sheets with parchment paper. Take a piece of dough about the size of a golf ball, ensuring the remaining dough stays covered to prevent drying out, and shape it into a 4-inch long sausage by rolling it between your hands or on a flat surface. Gently flatten the dough with your fingers and place a date string on top, trimming it as needed to fit the dough. Any excess dough can be used to lengthen shorter pieces or combined to create more filling strings. Encase the date filling in the dough and roll it on a flat surface into a slightly elongated, thin sausage shape, approximately 8 to 9 inches in length. Connect one end slightly overlapping the other end to form a circular shape. Use a slender object (like a chopstick) to press down completely through the overlapping ends to create two holes, ensuring they are securely attached and will not separate while baking. Put the dough and filling on the baking sheet and continue until all of it is used. Bake the cookies until they are a light golden brown, which should take about 15 to 18 minutes. Let them cool for at least 15 minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely. Once they are completely cool, store them in an airtight container. Cookies can be stored for 2 to 3 weeks in an airtight container at room temperature, or up to 3 months in the freezer. If you can't find date paste, you can make your own by kneading soft Medjool dates with olive oil until they have a pastelike consistency. Avoid using a food processor as it will make the dates sticky and hard to remove. For Sajiyeh, you will need olive oil, beef, Lebanese seven-spice blend, salt, onion, red bell pepper, jalapeños (or green bell pepper), and bread or tortillas for serving. Total time for preparation is 40 minutes. Heat olive oil in a cast-iron pan over medium heat until it is shimmering and hot, but not smoking. Put the strips of meat, spice blend, and 1 teaspoon of salt in the pan. Cook, stirring occasionally, until all the water released from the meat evaporates and the meat begins to brown on all sides, which should take about 10 minutes. Once the meat is browned, add 1/2 cup of water, cover the pan, and cook until the water evaporates again and the oil becomes visible, which should take about 5 to 7 minutes. Repeat the procedure by adding an additional 1/2 cup of water, covering the pot, and cooking until the water evaporates and oil is released. Then, add the onion, pepper, jalapeños, and the remaining 1/2 teaspoon of salt. Cook without a cover, stirring regularly, until the onions are browned and the meat begins to soften, which should take about 4 minutes. Include an additional 1/2 cup of water and continue cooking uncovered, stirring occasionally, until some of the water evaporates and a thick sauce coats the meat and vegetables, approximately 3 minutes. Remove from heat and serve right away with bread for dipping into the meat and gravy. If desired, you can substitute the seven-spice blend with a mixture of 1/2 teaspoon each of ground allspice, ground cinnamon, and ground black pepper, along with 1/4 teaspoon ground cumin and a few grates of nutmeg. ©2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Lawyers specializing in civil rights stated that federal prosecutors are unlikely to pursue charges against Zimmerman, a white and Hispanic man, for shooting Martin, an unarmed black teenager, unless new evidence suggests racial malice was involved. Zimmerman was acquitted of second-degree murder and manslaughter charges in the 2012 shooting of Martin by a jury in Sanford, Florida. The defense argued that Zimmerman acted in self-defense. Both state and federal courts require a unanimous jury verdict or a judge's decision beyond a reasonable doubt for a criminal conviction. The jury's decision to find Zimmerman not guilty of second-degree murder indicates they did not believe he acted with ill will, spite, or hatred. Attorney General Eric Holder stated that the Justice Department is still considering whether to bring federal civil rights charges against Zimmerman. The Martin case, similar to past incidents like the Rodney King beating and the Sean Bell shooting, highlights the federal government's role in enforcing civil rights. Preachers, including Al Sharpton, are organizing a news conference at the Justice Department to urge Zimmerman's prosecution, believing he racially profiled Martin and pursued him with a gun. The hate crimes law, passed in 2009, would likely be used by federal prosecutors in this case. It is necessary for prosecutors to prove that someone caused physical harm to another person "because of the actual or perceived race" of the victim. This requirement can be difficult to meet as it involves showing the perpetrator's state of mind and racial motivation. Evidence such as racial epithets or a pattern of targeting a specific race is typically used by the government in these cases. According to former Justice Department civil rights lawyer William Yeomans and former Justice Department Civil Rights Division member Samuel Bagenstos, statements made by the defendant during the attack specifically referring to the race of the victim are often key pieces of evidence. This evidence is more substantial than what has been presented against Zimmerman so far. Before encountering Martin, Zimmerman informed a police dispatcher that Martin appeared to be black only after being asked about his race. A juror from Zimmerman's state trial stated in an interview with CNN that she did not believe Zimmerman racially profiled Martin, and that race was not a factor in their decision. Unlike the video evidence available in the case of Rodney King's beating by Los Angeles police officers, there is no video of the encounter between Zimmerman and Martin. The Justice Department used the video from King's case heavily in the federal trial against the officers who were acquitted of state charges. Prosecutors closely examined the baton strikes inflicted on King, focusing on those that occurred after he had already been restrained in the video. The second jury found two of the officers guilty, which helped to ease tensions in the racially charged atmosphere in the US, which had seen riots. Wayne Budd, who supervised the prosecution of the LAPD officers, expressed doubt about the government's ability to prove that Zimmerman acted out of racial hatred based on the available evidence. Terree Bowers, the US attorney in Los Angeles during the officers' second trial in 1993, noted that prosecutors were able to strengthen their case during the retrial. He expressed uncertainty about the Justice Department's ability to take action against Zimmerman, stating that he was unsure of what evidence they could gather if they chose to pursue the case. Holder, who was appointed by Obama as the chief US law enforcement official, mentioned in April 2012 the difficulty of proving racial motivation. He acknowledged the high standard required to bring federal charges in this case, and stated that they were still working towards meeting that standard in regards to Martin's death. The Justice Department released a statement on Sunday highlighting the challenges prosecutors face, specifically mentioning the limitations of civil rights laws. Prosecutors now have an advantage due to a change in the hate-crimes law in 2009, which removed the need to prove a connection between the crime and a federally protected activity. A Justice Department spokeswoman did not confirm on Monday if prosecutors had called a federal grand jury to hear evidence about Zimmerman, which would suggest increased activity on their part. | 2 |
Myanmar's military regime continued to detain more individuals on Wednesday following the departure of a U.N. envoy who had arrived in an attempt to stop the violent suppression of protests that had triggered global condemnation. Witnesses reported seeing at least eight trucks filled with prisoners being transported out of downtown Yangon, the country's largest city and the focal point of recent demonstrations led by monks against the oppressive military regime and worsening economic conditions. In one residence near the Shwedagon Pagoda, a young girl of 13 was the only one left as her parents had been arrested. She recounted how they were warned not to try to escape, as there was a possibility of the authorities returning. The arrests took place in the middle of the night, with residents of multiple shophouses being ordered onto the streets and many of them taken into custody. The crackdown in Myanmar continued despite some optimism about progress made by U.N. special envoy Ibrahim Gambari in his efforts to convince junta chief Than Shwe to ease his strict control and engage in talks with detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Singapore, as the chair of ASEAN, expressed satisfaction with the cooperation shown by the Myanmar government towards Gambari. Gambari, who met with Aung San Suu Kyi twice, was expected to return to Myanmar in early November after a brief stop in Singapore before heading back to New York. However, there were doubts about whether his mission and international pressure would be able to influence the junta's policies, as they typically do not respond well to outside pressure and rarely welcome U.N. officials. "I don't anticipate significant results from this." Georgetown University expert on Myanmar, David Steinberg, believes that the top leadership in Myanmar is too set in their ways to change. He expressed skepticism about the junta's "seven-step road to democracy", suggesting that they may not be willing to listen to criticism. The first step of this plan was completed in September, but critics argue that it will only solidify military rule and prevent Aung San Suu Kyi from holding office. The recent protests, which started in response to fuel price hikes and escalated after troops clashed with monks, have posed a significant challenge to the junta's authority. The military government claims that they used minimal force to counter the monk-led protests, which covered five city blocks, and that Yangon and other cities have returned to normal. They acknowledge 10 deaths, but dismiss reports of higher casualties and atrocities as false. Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer, along with other Western governments, believe the actual death toll is much higher than the official figure of 30. Despite this, the junta believes they have successfully quelled the uprising and have removed barricades around the Shwedagon and Sule pagodas, the main protest sites, and reduced the overnight curfew by two hours. Additionally, 80 monks and 149 women suspected to be nuns, who were arrested in widespread raids, have been released. Five local journalists, one of whom is employed by Japan's Tokyo Shimbun newspaper, were released. Despite this, witnesses reported a strong armed presence in the streets of Yangon and Mandalay. The military junta is reportedly sending groups into homes to search for monks in hiding, a tactic that Western diplomats believe is instilling fear in the population. The international community continues to express outrage over the brutal crackdown on peaceful demonstrations. The U.N. Human Rights Council, which includes China, a key ally of the regime, condemned the junta's use of violence and urged the generals to allow U.N. human rights envoy Paulo Sergio Pinheiro to visit Myanmar for the first time in four years. He mentioned that thousands of individuals had been arrested. Pinheiro informed the council that it was crucial to uncover the truth about the events. The council passed a resolution condemning acts of violence such as beatings, killings, and detentions. Myanmar accused powerful nations of using the hearing for political gain. | 2 |
The country that is the second most affected by the pandemic recently decided to resume international passenger flights from countries considered high-risk for coronavirus. This decision was made after the World Health Organization declared the new variant, Omicron, to be a cause for concern. Prime Minister Modi emphasized the importance of monitoring all international arrivals, testing them according to guidelines, and focusing on countries at risk. India has seen a decrease in new cases recently due to increased vaccinations and antibodies from previous infections. The statement reported 8,318 new cases within the previous 24 hours. However, the emergence of a new variant, characterized by a spike protein that differs significantly from the strain targeted by current vaccines, has sparked concern worldwide and caused unease in financial markets. Modi emphasized the importance of increased vigilance and adherence to safety measures, such as mask-wearing and social distancing. He highlighted the necessity of taking proactive measures in response to the new variant and instructed for ongoing intensive containment and surveillance in areas experiencing high case numbers. Additionally, he called for technical assistance to be provided to states with elevated case counts. Modi instructed officials to speed up the administration of the second dose, as reported. | 2 |
However, the new effort to create a secure internet network in Germany faces significant challenges, especially after recent reports of Chancellor Angela Merkel's phone being monitored. Experts say it may not be effective for websites hosted abroad, such as Facebook or Google, and could struggle to gain support from other broadband providers. Additionally, the initiative goes against the current structure of the internet, which operates globally without regard for national borders. This could potentially lead to a fragmented internet, impacting its openness and efficiency, according to security researcher Dan Kaminsky. In countries like China and Iran, governments control internet traffic by using firewalls to block websites like Facebook and Twitter. Professor Torsten Gerpott from the University of Duisburg-Essen stated that it is unprecedented for internet traffic from a developed country to bypass servers in another country. Deutsche Telekom, partly owned by the government, has launched a project to provide customers with more options and has also introduced an email encryption service called "E-mail made in Germany." Government surveillance is a touchy issue in Germany due to strict privacy laws and memories of past eavesdropping by the Stasi secret police. Chancellor Merkel has called for a "no-spying" agreement with the US and France by the end of the year. However, experts believe that the practical impact of Deutsche Telekom's project may not align with the rhetoric, as most of Germany's internet traffic already remains within the country's borders. Additionally, Deutsche Telekom's payment preference for carrying traffic to end users clashes with the goal of keeping traffic within Germany. According to Thomas Kremer, the executive responsible for data privacy and legal matters at a German operator, German internet traffic passing through London or Amsterdam could be intercepted by foreign spies, potentially at a cheaper or no cost. To address this issue, the group is working on signing connection agreements with three more operators to establish a national routing system. Kremer suggested that if necessary, a legislative solution could be considered. He emphasized that traffic within the Schengen area or Germany should not be routed through other countries. Telefonica Germany is currently in early talks with other groups regarding national routing. A spokesperson from Vodafone stated that they are currently assessing the possibility of implementing the proposal from Deutsche Telekom. Despite Deutsche Telekom's claim to be a reliable protector of user data, their history with privacy is inconsistent. In a scandal in 2008 known as Telekomgate, Klaus Trzeschan, a security manager at the company, was sentenced to three and a half years in prison for his involvement in monitoring phone conversations of the company's executives, board members, and journalists. A spokesperson for Deutsche Telekom acknowledged this incident as a driving force behind their recent focus on privacy and security measures. They emphasized that the company is now seen as a leader in the industry in terms of customer trust. Data centers are essential for directing online traffic, but popular online services do not prioritize location based on customer proximity. Instead, companies choose data center locations based on factors like cheap power, cool climates, and high-speed broadband networks. For instance, a Munich resident chatting with a friend in Berlin on Facebook may have their data travel through one of the company's large data centers thousands of kilometers away. European users' profiles may not be stored in the same data center, as different functions are distributed among various centers for efficiency. Similarly, Google's Gmail may route emails between German residents through data centers in Finland, Belgium, or Ireland. The only way to make this change would be for Germany to mandate that websites be hosted locally, a drastic step that experts say has not yet been supported by German leaders. Deutsche Telekom has not confirmed whether they will advocate for this approach. Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff, who was upset by reports of U.S. spying, is working on legislation that would require internet companies like Google and Facebook to keep data gathered from users inside the country. One possible solution is for European leaders to strengthen a new data-privacy law that has been in progress for almost two years. The European Parliament approved a stricter version of the law on Monday, but it still needs to be approved by member states. France and Germany could potentially be successful in convincing member states to accelerate discussions in order to finalize the new data regulations by 2015, according to Kremer from Deutsche Telekom. He believes that the new law could be beneficial in ensuring that customers are able to freely use any web services globally, while also prioritizing safety measures. | 2 |
According to a recent opinion poll conducted by Nielsen/Oxford University, global concern about climate change has decreased over the past two years. The survey, which included over 27,000 Internet users in 54 countries, found that 37 percent of respondents were "very concerned" about climate change, compared to 41 percent in a similar poll conducted two years ago. The decline in concern was attributed to the world economic slowdown. In the United States, the percentage of those very concerned about climate change dropped from 34 percent to 25 percent. President Barack Obama is aiming to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions, specifically from the burning of fossil fuels. He plans to attend a meeting in Copenhagen with over 100 world leaders in an effort to negotiate a new UN agreement. China, the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, saw an increase in the number of people who are very concerned about climate change, rising from 30 to 36 percent. Latin America and Asian-Pacific countries showed the highest levels of concern, with the Philippines topping the list at 78 percent following Typhoon Ketsana in September. The survey did not include most African nations. Eastern Europe had the least concern about global warming, often attributed to human emissions of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. In Estonia, only 10 percent of people reported being very concerned, ranking the country at the bottom. Jonathan Banks, Business Insights Director Europe of the Nielsen Co., mentioned that concerns about climate change might be increasing with the spotlight on Copenhagen. He stated that economic troubles had temporarily shifted attention away from climate change, but as the recession starts to fade, the Copenhagen summit is expected to bring this important issue back to the forefront. The survey revealed that globally, air and water pollution, followed by climate change, were the top three environmental concerns for people worldwide. | 2 |
Britain expressed strong disapproval of the increasing violence against opposition supporters in Zimbabwe following the recent elections. Prime Minister Gordon Brown is pushing for a United Nations mission to examine human rights violations in the country and is seeking an arms embargo on President Robert Mugabe's ruling party. Brown stated that the upcoming days are crucial, and they will increase diplomatic efforts leading up to a UN Security Council meeting regarding the situation in Zimbabwe. The opposition Movement for Democratic Change has stated that the international community must denounce the atmosphere of fear in Zimbabwe. They believe they won the March 29 parliamentary and presidential elections, and a recount confirmed their victory over ZANU-PF. Despite Mugabe calling for a re-run of the presidential vote, the official results have not been released. Brown emphasized the need for international monitors in any potential second round of voting, and welcomed the support of the UN Secretary General, African leaders, Europe, the US, and others who support a return to democracy in Zimbabwe. "We, along with others, are prepared to assist in the reconstruction of Zimbabwe when democracy is restored. I promise that Britain will lead the way in this endeavor." | 2 |
With the rise to power of young Prince Mohammad bin Salman, the kingdom has experienced an increase in women's rights, such as the permission for women to attend mixed public sporting events and the right to drive cars starting this summer. These changes are seen as evidence of a new progressive movement towards modernization in the deeply conservative Muslim kingdom, even though criticisms persist regarding the continued restrictions on women. Prince Mohammed emphasized the importance of women dressing modestly in accordance with Islamic law, but did not specify that this must include a black abaya or head cover. Women have the complete freedom to choose what kind of modest and respectful clothing they want to wear, according to a recent statement. In Saudi Arabia, a senior cleric mentioned that women should dress modestly but clarified that this does not mean they have to wear abayas. It is uncertain if this statement indicates a shift in the enforcement of women's dress code in the country, as Saudi Arabia does not have a written legal code to accompany sharia texts. However, in the past, the police and judiciary have strictly enforced a dress code that requires Saudi women to wear abayas and often cover their hair and faces. However, since the 32-year-old crown prince took power after years of elderly rulers, Saudi Arabia has experienced a new era of social freedoms. Women in the kingdom are now wearing more colorful abayas, such as light blues and pinks, instead of the traditional black. In addition, open abayas over long skirts or jeans are becoming increasingly popular in certain regions. This shift in women's attire coincides with the expansion of women's rights under Prince Mohammad bin Salman's leadership. According to Reuters, a group of women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia celebrated International Women's Day by going for a jog, demonstrating their newfound freedom. Despite this progress, activists are criticizing the country's guardianship system which still requires women to obtain permission from a male family member for various activities. Recently, a UN rights watchdog urged Saudi Arabia to eliminate discriminatory practices against women, such as male guardianship, and ensure they have equal access to justice. | 2 |
The Puja ceremony commenced on Tuesday at the well-known Durgabari temple situated in front of the 113-year-old Ujjayanta Palace, which is the biggest of its kind in eastern India. Part of the palace still serves as the residence of the former princely rulers, while the rest has been transformed into northeast India's largest museum, dedicated to preserving the history, life, and culture of the region. Tripura is unique in that the state government, regardless of political party, funds this Hindu religious festival, a tradition that has been ongoing since Tripura's integration into the Indian union, even during Communist rule. Following 517 years of rule by 184 kings, the princely state came under Indian government control on Oct 15, 1949, through a merger agreement. This agreement mandated the Tripura government to continue supporting temples established by Hindu princely rulers, a practice that continues to this day through the Debarchan Vibhag division under district magistrates. Before the five-day worship of Durga and her children begins, a procession led by the head priest seeks the consent of the former royal family at the palace. Many ancient traditions are no longer observed. Debbarma informed IANS that during the five-day festival at Durgabari, a young buffalo, several goats, and pigeons are sacrificed in front of thousands of devotees, all funded by the government. Maneka Gandhi, chairperson of People For Animals (PFA) and current union minister of women and child development, wrote to district magistrates asking them to stop the "cruel killing of animals in temples" during religious celebrations. The district magistrate of West Tripura used to report to the former royal family about preparations at Durgabari and submit a final report after the festival, but this practice has been discontinued. The chief priest of Durgabari temple, Dulal Bhattacharjee, mentioned that the final day of Dashami is when the festival reaches its peak, with the idols of Durgabari leading the procession and being immersed at Dashamighat with full state honors, accompanied by the police band playing the national song. Historian Roy, known for his extensive work on the history of the royal era, mentioned that the 200-year-old Durga Puja stands out for its diverse prasad offerings, which include meat, fish, eggs, and fruits. While the Durgabari temple's celebration of Durga Puja remains a major attraction for various reasons, community pujas organized by clubs and families also garner significant attention. Traditional themes, current issues, and historical events are prominently featured in the pandals, with decorations reflecting Indian temples and historical events. The pandals will also showcase themes related to India's mission to Mars, climate change, environmental protection, crimes against women, ancient Indian epics, the culture of Hindu Bengalis and tribals, traditional handicraft work, and various historical landmarks from different regions. According to the Tripura Police, a total of 2,335 community and family pujas have been organized in Tripura, with 1,023 in urban areas and 1,312 in rural areas. Agartala alone will host around 550 pujas. | 2 |
Paris is currently experiencing a significant change, with restaurants closed and a 6 pm curfew in place. The city's vibrant nightlife and cafe culture have been disrupted, leading to a sense of melancholy among residents. Taboos are being broken as people resort to eating sandwiches on benches in the rain. They now opt for takeout through "le click-and-collect" instead of dining out early, which they see as a negative American influence. They sadly observe the outdated menus of closed restaurants still offering traditional dishes. The city is devoid of its usual attractions like museums, tourist boats on the Seine, outdoor terraces, movie theaters, and the lively atmosphere of wandering around. Instead, a feeling of gloom has taken hold of the city. In 1983, Saul Bellow wrote that the gloom in Paris is not just due to the weather, but also has a spiritual impact on people's character, opinions, and judgment. He described it as a powerful force. Despite this, Bellow would still take a break with a glass of sauvignon blanc and a plate of charcuterie when the "Parisian grisaille" made him feel down. However, in the current damp winter in Paris, with the increasing toll of COVID-19 and empty streets reminiscent of TS Eliot's work, the lack of sunlight has been disheartening since arriving from New York seven weeks ago. The few glimpses of sunlight have been fleeting, causing doubts about their reality. New York does not experience light rain or extended periods of cloudy weather. It has been difficult for me to adjust, especially in a Paris that feels empty. Alain Ducasse, a famous chef, described Paris as being incredibly sad and imprisoned. The French people are struggling without their usual social interactions like enjoying a drink at a cafe or exchanging kisses. Even the traditional greeting of a kiss on both cheeks has disappeared. With over 74,000 fatalities in France due to the pandemic, the restrictions put in place are widely accepted. Many major cities globally have experienced significant losses in lives, jobs, and daily routines. Paris is not the only city facing hardships, as each city copes with the changes in its own unique manner. In New York, the most noticeable absence is the vibrant energy that typically characterizes the city. In Paris, the missing element that many long for is the lack of a vibrant and social atmosphere that inspires dreams. The loss of refined pleasures that the French have perfected over centuries has left life feeling dull and without excitement. Many feel trapped with nowhere to go, leading to a sense of claustrophobia and a longing for the unique charm of Paris. Frédéric Hocquard, who oversees tourism and nightlife in the mayor's office, mentioned that he bought a dog so he can take it for walks after the curfew. He also shared that the number of tourists in Paris decreased by approximately 85% last year, with visits to popular attractions like the Louvre and Versailles seeing a decline of about 90%. Hocquard described the situation as "catastrophic." Hotel occupancy rates are currently at 6%, but there is a positive note in the increased number of Parisians visiting the Eiffel Tower last year, which doubled. Hocquard noted that traditionally, true Parisians do not ascend the tower, but this trend is starting to change. The elimination of other options has contributed to this shift, and there are additional benefits to be found in this challenging situation for Parisians. Traffic is moving smoothly, while markets remain bustling with vendors shucking oysters, butchers meticulously preparing quail, Camembert cheeses sparking discussions on ripeness, and rum baba cakes equipped with syringes for injecting rum. The city's islands continue to face the low bridges with delicate balance. The 19th-century lampposts along Rue de Rivoli create a surreal scene with their cast of light, reminiscent of a film noir. (Those with a press pass can venture out after curfew). Paris in a state of calm is also Paris lost in thought. Ducasse mentioned that after one hundred days, the city would start to come back to life. When asked if he had traveled recently, he mentioned only going to Bologna in Italy to find a skilled gelato maker. After establishing a profitable chocolate business a couple of years ago, Hocquard is now looking to start an ice cream venture. In addition, he is considering organizing concerts and outdoor events in parks, along the Seine, and possibly even at neglected airports in April and May. Despite his optimism for the future, there remains the challenge of addressing the current situation. On a snowy Sunday recently, the writer visited the Tuileries in search of some diversion. They have always appreciated the structured layout of the garden, with its gravel paths, trimmed trees, and geometric designs. There was one remaining attraction that was operational: a carousel! Colorful horses, an ostrich, a car, a plane, a ship, and a few Cinderella carriages went round and round. My companion and I decided to ride the horses. The music playing was North African, and there were a couple of children present. The carousel, a small wonder, took me on a journey through my sporadic years in Paris dating back to the mid-1970s. Paris will return, even if not this spring, at some point in the future. I observed a crow pick up a leftover French fry and fly away to land on a bench. I looked at a wall adorned with plaques honoring French soldiers who died during the liberation of Paris in 1944. The youngest soldier, Jean-Claude Touche, was just 18 years old. The pandemic has brought about circumstances reminiscent of wartime during a time of peace. Just like wars eventually come to an end, so too will the pandemic. Humphrey Bogart's iconic line from "Casablanca" - "We'll always have Paris" - was a message to Ingrid Bergman to move on, remain with her spouse, and find solace in memories of their love in the city. This was an encouragement to escape into the realm of imagination. Now, more than ever, Paris needs to be envisioned. Copyright 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
If individuals can prove that they are facing the appropriate type of danger and meet the requirements set by the host country for remaining there, then that country must accept them. This principle, which originated after World War II as a moral and practical necessity to rebuild societies for the greater good, has never been fully followed. In recent years, Western powers have been undermining this commitment, which they once considered vital for global stability. Last week, the UK government announced a new plan to send thousands of asylum seekers to Rwanda instead of considering their claims, further neglecting their responsibility towards these individuals. Britain did not invent the practice of detaining refugees and asylum-seekers in remote facilities. European governments have been paying foreign leaders in countries such as Sudan and Libya to hold migrants on their behalf for many years. Australia also delegates this responsibility to a series of island nations known as its gulag archipelago. The United States first implemented this approach in 1991 by redirecting Haitian boats to Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The increase in right-wing populist movements, the European reaction to a surge in migration in 2015, and the impact of the coronavirus pandemic have all hastened the use of tactics like walls, armed patrols, and policies aimed at increasing the risks associated with migration journeys. The global refugee system is not completely dead, as European governments are accepting millions of displaced Ukrainians. However, Britain's recent policies suggest that the system, once seen as a universal obligation, is now viewed as voluntary. This shift in attitude towards refugees is likely to have consequences in the future, especially as refugee numbers are expected to rise in the coming months. The backlash against refugees, like the one seen in Britain, may also increase as a result. The global commitment to refugees and asylum-seekers has always been more conditional and self-interested than initially believed. After World War II, Western leaders promised to resettle Europe's refugees in safe locations, yet they forcibly returned 2.3 million Soviet citizens to the Soviet Union, resulting in many being executed or sent to the gulag. Despite this, during the Cold War, Western governments emphasized their respect for refugee rights to assert superiority over communist countries. However, their compliance with refugee rights was inconsistent, often favoring refugees from communist countries or those who provided political advantages. However, the significant change occurred when the Cold War ended in 1991, as Western countries no longer had a political incentive. The global refugee population increased dramatically in the early 1990s, reaching 18 million according to a United Nations measurement, almost nine times more than when refugee rules were established in a 1951 convention. The US policy of redirecting Haitian refugees started in 1991 as a way to avoid legal obligations by ensuring the refugees did not reach US shores. This loophole allowed the United States to technically comply with US law while matching international obligations, despite the lack of genuine compliance. Years later, another increase in the number of refugees occurred worldwide, reaching 20 million in 2017. This number has slightly increased since then, although it is still lower, relative to the global population, compared to the peak in 1992. The current refugee crisis is likely not as severe as the one after World War II, where tens of millions were displaced across Europe and Asia, leading to significant devastation and global intervention. However, in the 2010s, as refugee numbers grew mainly from poorer countries, the response was different. The United States and other countries implemented policies, such as negotiating with governments in Central America and Mexico, to prevent refugees and migrants from reaching their borders. Europe and Australia also adopted similar strategies. The outcome is the establishment of detention centers in concentric rings outside of the world's wealthiest countries, many known for their harsh treatment of detainees. These centers are strategically placed along refugee routes or near borders where refugees hoped to reach, allowing governments to appear compliant. Britain's latest proposal goes even further by transporting people to distant continents, revealing the true workings of the new system. Some suggest that creating new international agreements or abolishing old ones could more effectively share global responsibility, especially as climate refugees blur the lines between economic migrants and political refugees. However, world leaders have shown little enthusiasm for these ideas. If governments are unwilling to accept refugees, simply replacing one agreement with another will not solve the problem. Europe's apparent double standard in welcoming Ukrainians while keeping out migrants from the Middle East highlights the unwritten norms of the new refugee system. Governments are selectively applying refugee rights based on which demographic groups are more likely to gain political approval. Despite criticism of President Trump's statements about accepting certain populations over others, this practice is becoming more common. The Biden administration recently granted protected status to 40,000 Cameroonian citizens and extended the same status to 30,000 Ukrainians. There is a debate within the administration about whether to keep a Trump-era rule that allows the country to reject most refugees on public health grounds. Despite the rule being set to be lifted on May 23, there are some in the administration who are arguing to keep it. The pandemic has caused a shift in what was once considered extreme measures, such as near-total border closures. Due to this, restrictions that may have seemed extreme before now appear more acceptable, making it easier for governments to implement them. Governments have realized that without being held accountable for breaking international norms, only their own citizens can oppose them. These citizens often demand such policies. In the past decade, right-wing populist parties gained support by opposing immigration and claiming refugee policies threatened national identities. While some mainstream parties resisted this trend, others believed limiting nonwhite immigration was essential to preserve their parties and possibly their democracies. The global refugee compact was not intended for domestic politics to determine the fate of families fleeing disasters. Despite this, the British public's response to Prime Minister Boris Johnson's proposal, which defies the compact, may be revealing. David Normington, a former top civil servant, criticized the plan as inhumane, morally wrong, potentially illegal, and likely unfeasible. The success of the plan, however, may rely more on the tolerance of the British public than on laws or morality. Text = Copyright 2022 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Halimi was instructed to dismiss all male teachers at girls' schools and replace them with women by the militants. The government complied with this demand to avoid any justification for the schools to be forcibly shut down. Despite this, Farah's schools were still targeted. Last month, two girls' schools located just outside Farah city, the provincial capital, were set on fire by armed men on motorcycles on two consecutive nights. Both schools suffered significant damage and the educational materials inside were destroyed, resulting in the suspension of classes for almost 1,700 girls. Graffiti found on a nearby wall expressed support for the Taliban, who have been responsible for similar attacks on four other girls' schools in the province in recent months, according to Muhibullah Muhib, a police spokesman. These incidents have not only instilled fear in teachers, students, and their families but have also sparked concerns about a potential return to the oppressive rule of the Taliban as they engage in peace negotiations with the United States. Until 2001, when the Taliban government was removed from power, girls' education was prohibited and women were restricted to their homes. Presently, over 3.6 million Afghan girls are attending school and 100,000 women are enrolled in universities, as reported by education ministries. However, approximately 400 schools, catering to both boys and girls, have shut down recently due to security concerns such as armed conflict and threats or attacks from the Taliban. The bombings in Farah occurred after Taliban representatives in Qatar, where negotiations with the Americans were taking place, expressed their support for women's rights within the framework of Islamic law, including the right to education. Despite these assurances, the school attacks in Farah have heightened concerns among Afghan women that any future government involving the Taliban could once again impose restrictions on girls' education. Sosan Aubi, a 38-year-old teacher at a school that was recently burned, expressed disappointment in the aftermath of the explosion, stating that she and her colleagues had initially been hopeful about peace prospects due to the Qatar talks. Nayab Khan, a village grocer whose family members attended one of the schools targeted, voiced skepticism towards the Taliban's claims of change, citing ongoing attacks on schools and obstacles to girls' education. Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid denied involvement in the attacks, pledging to investigate and punish any perpetrators. Mujahid stated that if the schools were to reopen, there would not be any threat from their side. However, residents in the area expressed anger, noting that the schools were located in Taliban-controlled areas. They also mentioned that government officials were unable to access the schools to assess the damage. Dadullah Qani, a member of the Farah provincial council, commented that the attacks indicated a loss of government control in the province and that the security situation was worsening each day. Provincial government officials and village elders have stated that both the government and ordinary people are unable to prevent attacks, as shown by recent incidents. The attacks have revealed a division among the Taliban, with civil authorities supporting girls' education while some military commanders oppose it. The Taliban run shadow governments in areas under their control, where they levy taxes and oversee daily operations. According to Halimi, the deputy education director, some Taliban members support girls' education while others do not. Village elders have reported meeting with government officials in Farah city to request the rebuilding of schools, but were informed that the government cannot intervene and were advised to approach local Taliban leaders instead. Halimi mentioned that a group of approximately 50 villagers were thinking about restarting classes in tents temporarily. According to local residents, Taliban education officials had reached out to provincial school leaders to talk about reopening, but requested some time to negotiate with Taliban military commanders. Mohammad Azimi, the provincial education director, stated that he had requested assistance from parents and students in reopening the schools. At Sher Ali Khan school in Naw Deh village, located roughly 8 miles from Farah city, the windows were shattered and the walls were damaged. Inside, burnt desks and school papers were scattered everywhere. A plaque at the school entrance displayed Afghan and American flags and credited the U.S. Agency for International Development for assisting in the school's construction in 2005. The U.S. flag on the plaque had been attempted to be scratched out. The agency's office in Kabul stated that they no longer funded the school, but it may have been a previous project. The school principal, Abdul Rahman, reported that on April 15, five masked men tied up the night watchman, poured fuel inside the school, and set it on fire. Additionally, they detonated a small explosive device in the school office. School records, student supplies, and academic textbooks were destroyed in a fire, but Islamic religious texts were left untouched by the attackers, according to Rahman. Rahman expressed concern that the female students are now afraid to return to school, even if it reopens. Abdul Hamid Haidari, a shopkeeper, shared that his daughters attended Sher Ali Khan school and that his daughter Roya, who was set to graduate and become a teacher, may no longer be able to fulfill her dreams due to the destruction of her school transcripts. Haidari mentioned that Roya and her siblings were devastated when they learned about the attack. He expressed his determination to educate all of his children, including his daughters and four sons, and had made sacrifices to enroll them in schools despite the dangerous security situation. He had hoped that the peace talks would improve the situation, but after their school was destroyed, he has become less optimistic. Qani, a member of the provincial council, described a sense of fear and distrust following the attacks on schools. He noted that the attacks may have achieved their goal as many parents are now too scared to send their daughters back to school. According to Qani, the blowing up of school buildings is a worrying trend. "Will students be attacked by them tomorrow?" - New York Times News Service, circa 2019. | 2 |
According to the global vaccine alliance Gavi, the "solar direct-drive" refrigerators, which are simple coolers that do not require fuel or batteries, have increased child vaccinations in the poorest rural provinces of DRC by 50% in the past year. This has led to a significant reduction in child mortality in DRC compared to two decades ago. Last year, over 18 million children were vaccinated against a deadly measles outbreak, which has significantly decreased in recent weeks. The world is now preparing to launch a large-scale immunisation campaign once COVID-19 vaccines are available. However, delivering millions of vaccinations in Africa, a continent with weak health systems and limited electricity, will be a challenging task. It is uncertain whether current off-grid refrigerators are capable of maintaining the necessary temperature for vaccines. Refrigeration is crucial for the distribution of vaccines, as many require temperatures between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. However, some COVID-19 vaccine candidates may need storage as low as minus 80C. Establishing a cold chain distribution network for these vaccines will require consistent low temperatures from production facilities to airports to remote areas. Despite progress in cold storage technology, many African countries still lack sufficient cold chain networks. Toby Peters, a professor at the University of Birmingham in Britain specializing in cooling systems for food and medicine, described the global logistical challenge of ensuring proper refrigeration for vaccines as possibly the largest the world has ever faced. This challenge is particularly daunting for sub-Saharan African countries with large rural populations. In the past, outdated kerosene-powered refrigerators in health centers in the Democratic Republic of Congo often broke down, leading to vaccine damage or destruction. The introduction of first-generation solar refrigerators was an improvement, but they depended on storage batteries that often failed after a few years and were difficult to replace. However, the development of solar direct-drive refrigerators about a decade ago revolutionized vaccine storage in remote areas. These refrigerators, which cost between $3,500 and $9,000, are directly connected to solar panels, using thermal energy to create a layer of ice that keeps vaccines cool for many days regardless of the weather. In 2016, only 16% of rural health centers in the Democratic Republic of Congo had functioning refrigerators, as reported by Gavi. Today, nearly 80% have been equipped with many using direct-drive solar units. These new refrigerators have allowed for 24,000 monthly immunization sessions in the poorest provinces, a 50% increase from 2018. According to Clemmer, this has transformed vaccine delivery for children in sub-Saharan Africa. Karan Sagar, a doctor leading the health systems and immunization strengthening team at Gavi, attributes a 25% increase in child vaccination rates in Africa over the past decade to the off-grid equipment. Since 2017, Gavi has spearheaded a $250-million initiative to distribute over 15,300 solar direct-drive fridges to numerous African nations, with the Democratic Republic of Congo receiving nearly 3,400 units and Nigeria receiving 5,400 units. Last year, 87% of children in these countries were vaccinated for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, showcasing the efficacy of supply chains in reaching even the most remote communities. Moving vaccines swiftly and securely from manufacturing sites to various locations in Africa will require multiple logistical steps, with solar refrigerators being just one of them. Throughout the entire process, which includes transportation by airplanes, warehouses, trucks, motorbikes, bicycles, canoes, and even drones, it is crucial to maintain specific, very cold temperatures for the vaccines, similar to other perishable goods. Additionally, a much larger quantity of vaccines will be required. While child vaccination campaigns typically target around 115 million infants globally each year, experts anticipate that the COVID-19 vaccine will need to reach up to 750 million people in Africa alone. To address this monumental task, cold chain expert Peters is spearheading a government-supported initiative to assess Africa's requirements for distributing the eventual COVID-19 vaccine, collaborating with various nonprofit, commercial, and academic partners. They are drawing from the successes of Rwanda, a country in central-east Africa that has made significant advancements in establishing efficient and environmentally-friendly cold chains for food and vaccine distribution. The system is centered around a single warehouse that acts as a cooling center for vaccines distributed to various healthcare facilities, including those in remote areas equipped with solar fridges. The World Health Organization reports that the vaccines are reaching over 95% of the population in Rwanda. However, expanding this success to other countries, such as Nigeria, will be challenging. According to Peters, countries with established commercial food cold chains will serve as a model for replication. Peters stated that they have the knowledge and ability to transport large quantities of fresh food from small farms in Africa to consumers in Europe, and they should apply this expertise to moving vaccines. However, the challenge lies in the ultra-cold storage requirements of COVID-19 vaccines, which may exceed the capabilities of solar direct-drive fridges. Rwanda and the DRC have experience with ultra-cold storage for vaccines, as seen with a new vaccine during the Ebola outbreak. These vaccines were kept at extremely low temperatures using "super thermos" coolers filled with synthetic alcohol ice, but the quantities were much smaller than what would be needed for a COVID-19 vaccine. Sagar pointed out that very few African economies have the capacity for ultra-cold chain storage. Peters is optimistic that COVID-19 vaccines will only require standard cold storage temperatures of 2-8C, which can be provided by solar direct-drive refrigerators in rural health centers. He emphasized that if vaccines require colder temperatures, it will present a significant challenge for mainstream cold chains. | 2 |
France had previously announced that it would restrict cross-Channel trade starting from 2300 GMT on Monday, potentially escalating tensions over fishing rights into a broader trade dispute between France and the UK. However, French President Macron stated that the plan is currently on hold as discussions have resumed following his meeting with British Prime Minister Boris Johnson at the UN climate conference in Glasgow. Macron mentioned that talks need to continue and that he expects the UK to come back with other proposals tomorrow. "All the tasks will be addressed. We will assess our progress tomorrow at the end of the day to determine if there have been any real changes," he stated. "I hope that we can find solutions to all of these problems." According to European Affairs Minister Clement Beaune, the legal threats of trade sanctions will not be enforced until after a meeting with British Brexit minister David Frost in Paris on Thursday. Britain expressed appreciation for this decision. A spokesperson for the UK government stated that they appreciate France's recognition of the need for detailed discussions to address the various challenges in the UK/EU relationship. The spokesperson also mentioned that Frost has agreed to Beaune's invitation. On Monday, Britain issued a 48-hour ultimatum to France to retract the threat of sanctions or face legal consequences under the Brexit trade deal. The potential measures threatened by France, such as increased border checks and banning British vessels from certain ports, could disrupt cross-Channel trade. British Foreign Secretary Liz Truss criticized France for making unreasonable threats to the Channel Islands and the fishing industry, urging them to withdraw the threats or face action under the trade agreement with the EU. Disputes over access to fishing grounds in the Channel have been ongoing between Britain and France for many years. The fishing issue was a major concern during the negotiations for Britain's exit from the European Union. It was not because of its economic importance, which is minimal, but rather due to its political significance. Prime Minister Johnson made regaining control over Britain's fishing grounds a key argument for Brexit. French President Macron, on the other hand, is facing re-election next year and needs to show support for his nation's trawler crews, who are a vocal political group. The latest disagreement arose in September when Paris accused London of not granting enough post-Brexit licences to French boats to fish in the 6-12 nautical mile zone near UK shores. Britain insists it is only issuing licences to boats that can prove they have previously fished in its waters, a demand from British fishermen who fear French boats could harm their profits. French authorities confiscated a British scallop dredger, the Cornelis Gert Jan, in French waters near Le Havre last Wednesday, causing frustration in London. As tensions were expected to increase after the French deadline passed on Monday afternoon, fishing crews from both countries were avoiding each other's waters, as reported by marine traffic tracking data and a representative from the French fishing industry. | 2 |
The European Union's Nobel Peace Prize was awarded as the realization sets in that the EU's single currency has survived three years of financial turmoil and is unlikely to break up. While the euro has avoided a contentious split and retained all 17 members, it faces challenges that could lead to an unequal and strained relationship with frequent disagreements. Despite recent clarity that the euro is here to stay and may even expand in the future, the euro zone still struggles with economic stagnation, unemployment, and social issues that are widening the gap between northern and southern Europe. The European Central Bank's decision to buy unlimited bonds from troubled member states has provided some stability to the euro zone. ECB President Mario Draghi emphasized that the bank will utilize all available resources to combat anyone speculating on the dissolution of the monetary union. The euro zone's permanent rescue fund was finally implemented last week following extensive negotiations and legal obstacles, providing a 500 billion euro safety net for countries at risk of losing access to capital markets. Additionally, German Chancellor Angela Merkel's visit to Athens indicated that the EU's most influential economy is committed to keeping Greece within the euro area, putting an end to months of deliberation in Berlin, particularly within her own coalition, regarding the expulsion of Greece. Interestingly, the multitude of predictions regarding the collapse of the euro that were circulating from financial institutions and political risk analysis firms in London and New York have suddenly ceased. Furthermore, the decrease in short positions against the euro in currency markets has also been noted. Bond yields have dropped and bank stocks have rebounded. Spanish banks are borrowing less from the ECB as some are able to access money markets again. The likelihood of Greece leaving the euro, known as "Grexit," has decreased as key euro zone players believe it would be more harmful than helpful. Citigroup economists have reduced the probability of a Grexit from 90 percent to 60 percent, but still predict Greece will likely leave the euro within the next 12-18 months due to unsustainable debt. However, there is still a possibility that part of Greece's debt could be forgiven, especially after the upcoming German general election. It might appear to be a more logical, although unpopular, choice compared to a disorderly Greek default and exit, which could have devastating economic and social repercussions for Greece and Europe. Despite some relief in European existential concerns, the International Monetary Fund recently criticized the EU's incomplete policy response, warning of potential capital flight, breakup fears, and economic decline in the euro area. The IMF is pushing for faster progress in the euro zone, particularly from Germany, in implementing a banking union and closer fiscal integration, and adjusting the balance between austerity and growth. The IMF admitted it had underestimated the negative impact of budget cuts on growth and called for Europe to relax austerity measures, prompting a strong reaction from Germany's finance minister. The effects of the sovereign debt crisis will continue to wreak havoc for years to come, with financial markets feeling the shift in perceptions more than the general public. Austerity measures and economic downturn are causing significant social upheaval in countries like Athens and Madrid, pushing many middle-class families and retirees into poverty and increasing precarity for the unemployed and young people. This crisis has shifted the balance of power in Europe, giving Germany and its northern allies more influence in decision-making within the euro zone, while weakening and further marginalizing southern states. The idea of a two-speed Europe, where countries progress at different rates, is now potentially evolving into a two-tier system, with a tighter inner core within the euro zone and a looser outer circle including countries like Britain and Sweden. Germany is adamant about limiting its financial responsibility for other euro zone countries, refusing to issue common euro zone bonds or provide joint bank guarantees. Finance ministers from Germany, the Netherlands, and Finland are also working to prevent any retroactive use of euro zone rescue funds. Berlin is in favor of the idea of creating a separate budget for the euro zone to deal with economic shocks, and its support for a single banking supervisor will likely lead to more shared risk in the future. As the euro area becomes more unified, countries outside the currency face difficult decisions. Some countries, like Poland, Hungary, and Latvia, are eager to join the euro zone and are pushing to have a say in decisions made by the banking supervisory authority. Poland recently tried to gain a seat at the Eurogroup table by offering to participate in a financial transaction tax group, but was informed that only euro zone members could attend. Britain is not planning to join the euro or the banking union, but is requesting a veto right to safeguard its significant financial sector from decisions made by others. It also hopes to use the increased integration of the eurozone as an opportunity to negotiate a reduction in its own ties to Europe. Sweden, on the other hand, has a pro-euro political establishment but is hesitant and conflicted about the eurozone progressing without its involvement. These dynamics suggest that Europe is entering a challenging period of reorganization that will put its ability to build peace and prosperity on a divided continent to the test. | 2 |
Pope Benedict stated that communism had failed in Cuba and offered the Church's assistance in creating a new economic model. The Cuban government reacted cautiously to his remarks ahead of his upcoming visit to the island. During a press conference on his way to Mexico and Cuba, the Catholic leader expressed that Marxist ideology no longer aligns with reality. He emphasized the need to find new models for society through patience and constructive means. These comments, which were more critical than those made by his predecessor John Paul II during his visit to Cuba in 1998, reflect the Church's historical stance against communism. They were unexpected because, despite decades of strained relations following Cuba's 1959 revolution, the Church and government have recently grown closer. Many believed the pope would avoid controversial topics to prevent any issues. However, Cuban leaders did not show any signs of being upset by his remarks at a news conference in Havana. Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez stated that they would listen respectfully to the pope and value the exchange of ideas, but also emphasized the deep convictions held by the Cuban people from their country's history. Elizardo Sanchez, who leads the independent Cuban Commission on Human Rights, commended the pope for demonstrating the goodwill of the Catholic Church and specifically Pope Benedict XVI towards the situation in Cuba. However, he expressed skepticism that significant changes would occur. Sanchez stated that the government lacks the determination to implement the necessary political reforms in Cuba. Despite some progress in resolving disagreements, there are still tensions between the Cuban bishops and the government on issues like Church media usage and religious education. Pope John Paul II is remembered for his reconciliatory remarks during a Mass at Havana's Revolution Square, while Pope Benedict acknowledged his predecessor's efforts in promoting collaboration and constructive dialogue in Cuba. The road ahead may be long and require patience, but progress is being made. The Church hopes that the papal visit will help increase its congregation in Cuba, which has decreased since the revolution due to families leaving and government hostility. Church officials estimate that 60 percent of Cuba's population has been baptized, but only five percent attend mass regularly. Benedict, who will be in Cuba for three days, has offered the Church's assistance in achieving a peaceful transition on the island, emphasizing the need for patience and decisiveness. The pope expressed a desire to help foster a fraternal and just society through dialogue to avoid potential challenges during future leadership changes in Cuba. Cuba's leaders have acknowledged the need for improvement in the country's economic model while continuing to support the one-party communist political system. In 2010, Fidel Castro expressed to a reporter that the Cuban model was no longer effective, leading some to believe he was admitting to the failure of communism in Cuba. Castro later clarified that his remark was not a criticism of the communist revolution, but rather a reflection of the challenging economic conditions on the island. This comment indicated his support for his brother's reforms to boost Cuba's economy and maintain the revolution. It remains uncertain if Benedict will meet with Fidel, who governed Cuba for nearly five decades before resigning due to health issues. The Vatican has stated that the pope is willing to meet with Fidel Castro if the elderly, sick leader wants to meet with him. According to a report by Amnesty International published on Thursday, the harassment and detention of dissidents in Cuba have increased significantly in the past two years. When asked about defending human rights in Cuba during a plane journey, the pope responded that the Church always supports freedom, freedom of conscience, and freedom of religion. On Monday, Cuba released 70 members of the dissident group Ladies in White who had been detained over the weekend, but warned them not to participate in events related to the pope's visit. The women, also known as the "Damas de Blanco" in Spanish, were released without charges after being arrested in three separate incidents on Saturday and Sunday when they tried to march in Havana. On Friday, they could not be contacted by phone. Rodriguez issued a warning that any attempts to disrupt the papal visit with political tactics would be unsuccessful, as the Cuban people are patriotic and well-informed. The pope's schedule does not include any meetings with Cuban dissidents. The Vatican recently reiterated its disapproval of the US trade embargo on Cuba, deeming it ineffective and harmful to the general population. The embargo, in place for 50 years, remains a key aspect of US policy towards Cuba despite its failure to weaken the communist regime. Washington implemented the almost complete trade ban during the peak of the Cold War as a way to retaliate against Havana for its alliance with the Soviet Union and with the expectation that it would lead to the downfall of communism. | 2 |
In 2013, the latest comprehensive data showed that 767 million people were living on less than $1.90 a day, which was a decrease from 881 million people the previous year. The strongest income rises were seen in Asia. Jim Yong Kim, the president of the World Bank, noted that it was impressive that countries were able to reduce poverty and increase shared prosperity despite the global economy performing poorly. The new statistics demonstrate the progress made in assisting the poor over the past 25 years, with nearly 1.1 billion fewer people living in poverty in 2013 compared to 1990, despite population growth. These findings bring the world closer to achieving the United Nations' goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030. The objective is part of the Sustainable Development Goals, a collection of 17 goals aimed at addressing poverty, inequality, and climate change. However, achieving this goal will also involve addressing ongoing inequality, as stated by the Bank. Francisco Ferreira, a senior adviser at the World Bank's Development Research Group, emphasized the need to tackle inequality in order to meet the international community's targets by 2030 and promote more inclusive growth. According to the Bank, income inequality had increased over the 25 years leading up to 2013. Nevertheless, recent data indicates that inequality has decreased in over 40 countries, including Brazil, Peru, Mali, and Cambodia. According to the Bank, half of the people living in extreme poverty are in Sub-Saharan Africa, while a third of the global poor reside in South Asia. The main contributors to poverty reduction have been countries in East Asia and the Asia Pacific, particularly China, Indonesia, and India. The Bank also reported that in 2015, the number of people living in extreme poverty was expected to drop below 10 percent of the world's population for the first time. | 2 |
"Sleepless: A Musical Romance" premiered at the Troubadour Wembley Park Theater on Tuesday, marking London's first fully staged indoor musical since the start of the coronavirus pandemic in March. While the show itself may not be particularly remarkable, its significance lies in being one of the few live performances happening in the city, with previous revivals taking place outdoors or with minimal cast. Despite its mediocrity, the fact that "Sleepless" is running through September 27 is a sign of progress that was unimaginable just a short while ago. The musical benefits from being based on the successful 1993 film "Sleepless in Seattle," which starred Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan and is notable for keeping its lead characters apart until the end. This version of "Sleepless" is unrelated to a 2013 stage adaptation. The story incorporates a geographical distance that resonates with the current era of social distancing. The show follows the journey of widowed Sam and enthusiastic Annie as they meet on Valentine's Day at the Empire State Building. Safety measures are in place for the cast, crew, and audience members, including daily coronavirus testing, mask-wearing, temperature checks, and hand sanitiser stations throughout the building. The theatre in northwestern London is only selling a limited number of seats for each performance to ensure some revenue during this time when the West End is still closed. Despite the dedication of the cast and crew, the production of "Sleepless: A Musical Romance" based on the film "Sleepless in Seattle" at the Troubadour Wembley Park Theater in London is not as thrilling as hoped. Director Morgan Young and the two English stars previously worked together on the West End premiere of the musical "Big" last year. In a photo provided by Alastair Muir, Kimberley Walsh, Jack Reynolds, and Jay McGuiness are seen in the musical "Sleepless: A Musical Romance" at the Troubadour Wembley Park Theater in London. This production, based on the popular 1993 film "Sleepless in Seattle," marks London's first fully staged indoor musical in several months. The show introduces a new British composing duo, Robert Scott and Brendan Cull, in a theater scene still dominated by Andrew Lloyd Webber. Despite some catchy tunes, some critics find the music lacking originality, with many songs sounding similar. The story revolves around Annie, whose songs mainly focus on her infatuation with a man she heard on the radio during the holidays. Just like the movie, you sympathize with Walter, Annie's unexciting partner, as he is caught off guard by her growing fascination with a voice she wants to meet in person. In this version, Sam, a depressed architect from Seattle, is overshadowed by his son Jonah, who plays matchmaker and is portrayed by the talented Jobe Hart. The highlight of the show is a duet between Jonah and Sam's lively friend Rob, with a reprise that includes a key change. The musical follows Nora Ephron's screenplay closely, occasionally overdoing certain references. Annie, a reporter for The Baltimore Sun, is portrayed as a film enthusiast with a strong interest in the Cary Grant-Deborah Kerr film "An Affair to Remember," which influenced Ephron's film. However, it is unclear why Annie feels the need to express her love for Grant or why she would debate the pronunciation of Kerr's last name. Despite this, Annie's conversations often lead to unexpected places, such as finding the word "exotic" to sound exotic. McGuiness and Walsh, known for their work with pop groups, are likable leaders in a show that feels somewhat lacking. While "Sleepless" is enjoyable, it leaves you wanting more and better theater experiences in the future. Text = Copyright 2020 New York Times News Service. | 2 |
When a new wave of COVID-19 struck in January, Stishi's father contracted the virus and passed away shortly after. Despite her efforts to find work by offering housecleaning services for $10, she was unsuccessful. This has led to Stishi and her children going to bed hungry for the first time. Stishi, 30, expressed frustration that others do not understand their current predicament, as the pandemic has left many people without jobs. The economic crisis caused by COVID-19 has severely impacted families like Stishi's who were already struggling to make ends meet. Currently, in South Africa and various other nations, a greater number of people are facing severe food shortages. According to the World Food Program, an estimated 270 million individuals are at risk of life-threatening hunger this year, compared to 150 million before the pandemic. The number of people at risk of famine has also increased, from 34 million last year to 41 million currently. The World Food Program, in collaboration with the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, recently warned that conflict, economic fallout from COVID-19, and climate change will likely worsen acute food insecurity in 23 regions over the next four months, mostly in Africa but also in Central America, Afghanistan, and North Korea. Africa is particularly hard-hit, with a spike in new infections. Recently, aid organizations have expressed concern about the dire situation in Ethiopia and southern Madagascar. In Ethiopia, the number of people facing famine is the highest in the world, while in southern Madagascar, hundreds of thousands are on the brink of famine due to a severe drought. Global hunger has been on the rise for years as poor countries grapple with various crises, including armed conflicts and extreme poverty. Climate-related disasters like droughts and floods have also worsened, making it difficult for countries to respond effectively. Economic shocks from the pandemic have further exacerbated the crisis, leading to long lines of people in need of food assistance in both wealthy and impoverished nations. As a new surge of the virus spreads across Africa, the informal safety net that many of the world's poor rely on, such as financial assistance from relatives, friends, and neighbors, has been severely strained. This has led to a sharp increase in hunger, highlighting the stark contrast between wealthy nations returning to normal and poorer countries facing deepening crises. According to Amer Daoudi, senior director of operations at the World Food Program, the current global food security situation is the worst he has ever seen, with numerous major crises occurring simultaneously worldwide. In South Africa, a typically food-secure nation on the continent, hunger has become widespread. In the past year, three devastating waves of the virus have resulted in the loss of tens of thousands of breadwinners, leaving families without the means to buy food. School closures lasting for months also meant that around 9 million students lost access to free lunches. A strict government lockdown last year led to the closure of informal food vendors in townships, forcing some of the poorest residents to travel further to purchase groceries at more expensive supermarkets. Approximately 3 million South Africans became unemployed, driving the unemployment rate to 32.6% — the highest since data collection began in 2008. In rural areas, prolonged droughts have led to the death of livestock and reduced farmers' incomes. Last year, the South African government provided $24 monthly stipends and other social grants as relief measures. However, by the end of the year, almost 40% of South Africans were still experiencing hunger, according to a study. In Duncan Village, a large township in the Eastern Cape province, the economic support for many families has been wiped out. Prior to the pandemic, the bustling community was filled with workers heading to nearby East London for stable jobs in industries such as car assembly, textiles, and processed food. "We were always well provided for - we had an abundance," stated Anelisa Langeni, 32, as she sat at the kitchen table in the two-bedroom home she shared with her father and twin sister in Duncan Village. Her father had worked as a machine operator at the Mercedes-Benz plant for almost 40 years, saving enough to build two additional single-family homes on their property - rental units intended to offer financial security for his children. However, the pandemic disrupted these plans as the tenants lost their jobs soon after the first lockdown, resulting in an inability to pay rent. When Langeni and her sister lost their jobs at a seafood restaurant and a pizza joint, they relied on their father's $120 monthly pension. However, their father passed away from suspected COVID-19 in July, leaving them devastated. Langeni, unable to find work, sought assistance from two older neighbors, one of whom provided food bought with her husband's pension. The second neighbor would bring food every week after her daughter's visit, bringing enough groceries to fill the back of her gray Honda minivan. However, when a new coronavirus variant hit the province in November, the first neighbor's husband passed away and his pension stopped. A month later, the second neighbor's daughter also died from the virus. "I never thought it would turn out like this," said Bukelwa Tshingila, 73, wiping her tears. In the kitchen, a portrait of her daughter was hanging above an empty cupboard. Two hundred miles to the west, in the Karoo region, the impact of the pandemic has been worsened by a drought that has persisted for eight years, causing a once green landscape to turn a dull, gray color. Zolile Hanabe, a 70-year-old farmer on his 2,400-acre farm in the Karoo, is not only losing his income but also witnessing the effects of the drought. Hanabe has had a lifelong dream of owning a farm, dating back to when he was 10 years old and his father had to sell the family's goats due to government policies during apartheid. In 2011, nearly two decades after apartheid ended, he fulfilled his dream by leasing a farm using savings from his job as a school principal. He bought five cattle and 10 Boer goats, the same breed his father had raised, which grazed on the shrubs and drank from a river on the property. He expressed that he had initially believed the farm would be his legacy and something he could pass down to his children. However, by 2019, he found himself still leasing the farm and dealing with the effects of a severe drought, including the drying up of a river, the death of 11 cattle, and shrivelling shrubs. In order to keep the remaining cattle alive, he had to purchase feed at a cost of $560 per month. Additionally, the pandemic worsened his situation, leading him to lay off two out of three farm workers to reduce the risk of infection. Feed sellers have also reduced their workforce and increased prices, putting even more pressure on his finances. Hanabe expressed doubt that he could withstand both crises simultaneously. | 2 |
A $600 million global initiative was launched by scientists on Wednesday with the goal of increasing rice yields and reducing the environmental impact of rice production. They believe that these efforts could help 150 million people escape poverty by 2035. The Global Rice Science Partnership, led by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and its partners, will conduct research over the next five years to improve yields and develop stronger rice strains that can withstand flooding and climate change. The initiative was unveiled in Hanoi during a gathering of rice scientists, executives, policymakers, and traders from nearly 70 countries to discuss research, demand, and risks associated with trading and currency. The director general of IRRI, Robert Zeigler, emphasized the importance of rice as a staple food for over half of the global population and stressed the importance of ensuring food security. The research also aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice production by over 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide by implementing better irrigation methods and preventing deforestation. The consultative group stated that with increased crop yields, farmers would not need to expand into new areas, potentially saving over 1.2 million hectares of natural ecosystems by 2035. Donors are planning to increase annual funding for rice research to $139 million by 2015 to support these goals. By increasing supplies and reducing food prices, the initiative aims to help lift approximately 72 million people out of poverty by 2020. Along with IRRI, the initiative involves two French organizations, a research center in Japan, and numerous other partners from various sectors. | 2 |
He belonged to a band in Niterói, a Brazilian city surrounded by beaches, and practiced playing the guitar by watching online tutorials. YouTube had recently introduced a new artificial intelligence system that learned from user behavior and suggested videos based on that. One day, he came across a video by an amateur guitar teacher named Nando Moura, who had gained popularity by sharing videos on heavy metal, video games, and politics, particularly expressing far-right views. Intrigued, he started watching more videos from Moura and other far-right figures recommended by YouTube. One of them was Jair Bolsonaro, who was a relatively unknown politician at the time but had a significant following on YouTube. Eventually, Bolsonaro became the President of Brazil. YouTube became a prominent platform for the far-right in Brazil, influencing the political views of people like Matheus Dominguez, who is now 17 years old and considering a future in politics. YouTube has thrived by keeping users engaged, but this has inadvertently benefited extremist groups. A study in the company's second-largest market revealed significant negative impacts. In Brazil, the far-right movement has gained momentum thanks to YouTube's recommendation system, which directs users towards extremist and conspiracy content. This has disrupted everyday life, with students quoting conspiracy videos in classrooms and parents receiving harmful health advice from the platform. The influence of YouTube on Brazil's society has been profound and concerning. Viral videos have led to death threats against public health advocates, while right-wing YouTube stars have entered politics alongside Bolsonaro, with some winning by large margins. These stars continue to use the platform to govern a major democracy through trolling and provocation. YouTube's recommendation system aims to increase watchtime but claims not to favor any political ideology. However, experts warn that the system's promotion of provocative content can lead users towards extreme views, including right-wing extremism. This system now accounts for 70% of total time on the platform, generating over $1 billion a month in revenue. Some analysts believe that YouTube is one of the most powerful tools for radicalization in the 21st century, though company representatives deny this claim. However, representatives of the company acknowledged some of the findings and promised to implement changes. Farshad Shadloo, a spokesperson for YouTube, stated that the platform has made significant investments in policies, resources, and products to combat the spread of harmful misinformation. He also mentioned that authoritative content is thriving in Brazil and is highly recommended on the site. Danah Boyd, the founder of Data & Society, attributed the disruption in Brazil to YouTube's strong push for viewer engagement and the revenue it generates. Despite Brazil's previous challenges, Boyd expressed concern over YouTube's increasing influence on democracies globally. Maurício Martins, the local vice president of Bolsonaro's party in Niterói, credited YouTube for recruiting many party members, including himself. He explained that he was introduced to right-wing content on YouTube, which served as his political education. The platform's political impact is also evident in Brazilian schools, where students are exposed to extremist views through YouTube stars like Moura. Carlos Jordy, a City Council member, rose to prominence by focusing on YouTube and accusing local teachers of communist indoctrination. The individual credited his rise to the federal legislature to the national audience he gained from his videos. He believes that without social media, he and Jair Bolsonaro would not have reached their current positions. A team of researchers at the Federal University of Minas Gerais analyzed YouTube content in Brazil and found that right-wing channels were growing faster and influencing the site's political content. Positive mentions of Bolsonaro increased after YouTube changed its algorithm, even though he was initially unpopular. Researchers at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center investigated whether YouTube's recommendation engine contributed to the Brazilian far right's rapid growth on the platform. They programmed a server to explore top recommendations and track how users moved from one video to the next. They discovered that following the viewing of a video on politics or entertainment, YouTube's recommendations tended to promote right-wing, conspiracy-driven channels like Moura's. Importantly, users who watched one far-right channel would often receive recommendations for many more. The researchers found that the algorithm had brought together previously marginalized channels and built an audience for them. One of these channels belonged to Bolsonaro, who had been using the platform to share hoaxes and conspiracy theories for a long time. Despite being an early adopter of YouTube, his online following had not significantly expanded his political base, which was almost non-existent on a national level. However, when Brazil's political system collapsed and YouTube's popularity surged, Bolsonaro's views remained the same but his audience on YouTube's far-right channels grew exponentially. This helped to prepare a large number of Brazilians for his message at a time when the country was ready for a political change. YouTube disputed the researchers' methodology and stated that their internal data contradicted the findings, but they declined to provide the data to the Times or certain statistics that would confirm the accuracy of the researchers' findings. Many Brazilians who turned to YouTube for health information were scared by videos claiming that Zika was being spread by vaccines or insecticides. These videos used alarming claims to captivate viewers, similar to extremist political content. Doctors and officials expressed concerns that these videos were causing a public health crisis by convincing people to refuse vaccines and insecticides, particularly in poorer areas like Maceió. Medical professionals were finding it difficult to combat misinformation spread on social media platforms like YouTube, leading to a resurgence of diseases like Zika in some communities. The Harvard researchers discovered that YouTube's algorithms often steered users searching for information on Zika, or those watching credible health videos, towards conspiracy channels. A spokesperson for YouTube acknowledged the findings and stated they were unintentional, and that the company would be adjusting how search results related to Zika were displayed. This phenomenon was described as an 'Ecosystem of Hate', where far-right figures used conspiracy videos to target individuals for blame. Conspiracy theorists on YouTube accused women's rights activist Debora Diniz of involvement in alleged Zika plots, suggesting that those working to assist Zika-affected families were actually behind the disease. As far-right and conspiracy channels began referencing each other, YouTube's recommendation system started linking their videos together, creating the appearance of multiple sources corroborating the same false narrative. Diniz received threats of violence, including mentions of her daily routine, as a result of these conspiracy theories. Many statements from Küster's videos were repeated, she mentioned. Küster talked about the threats with excitement, but never directly supported them, which allowed him to stay within YouTube's guidelines. When Diniz's university received a warning of a potential shooting and the police could no longer ensure her safety, she left Brazil. Diniz expressed that the YouTube recommendation system has created a hateful environment, where viewers are exposed to a continuous loop of negative content. She emphasized the importance of holding companies accountable for their influence. From an ethical standpoint, they are accountable. As conspiracy theories circulate on YouTube, creators of videos are targeting aid organizations that deal with controversial topics such as abortion. Even families who have relied on these groups in the past are starting to question the validity of the videos and are choosing to avoid them. In Brazil, this behavior is referred to as "linchamento" or lynching. Bolsonaro was an early adopter of this practice, sharing videos in 2012 that falsely accused left-wing academics of planning to distribute "gay kits" in schools to convert children to homosexuality. Jordy, a protege of Bolsonaro from Niterói with tattoos, was not bothered to hear that his own YouTube campaign, which accused teachers of promoting communism, had caused turmoil in their lives. One of the teachers, Valeria Borges, mentioned that she and her colleagues had been inundated with hateful messages, creating an atmosphere of fear. Jordy did not deny this, stating that causing fear was his intention. He explained that they were engaged in a cultural war and that was his purpose for entering office. The epicenter of political influence through YouTube may be the headquarters of Movimento Brasil Livre in São Paulo, which was established to advocate for the impeachment of left-wing President Dilma Rousseff in 2016. The group's members are typically young, middle-class, right-wing, and highly active online. Renan Santos, the national coordinator, pointed to a door labeled "the YouTube Division" as the central hub of their activities. Inside, a group of young men were working on editing software, with one focusing on an image of Benito Mussolini to argue that fascism was wrongly attributed to the right. Despite their dedication to social media, some members are concerned about its impact on democracy. Santos referred to social media as a "weapon" that could be misused by some individuals close to Bolsonaro. Co-founder Pedro D'Eyrot warned of the "dictatorship of the like," where reality is shaped by what goes viral. A recent YouTube video titled "1964" defended Brazil's military coup, influencing the views of individuals like Dominguez, who believed his teachers had exaggerated the horrors of military rule. On the other hand, history teacher Borges, who was targeted in the video, was reminded of the dark days of military rule, including curfews, disappearances, and police brutality. Despite the disturbing content on YouTube, individuals like Matheus Dominguez credit the platform with shifting their political views to the far right. YouTube's success has been built on retaining users' attention, which has inadvertently benefited extremist groups. An investigation in the company's second-largest market revealed significant repercussions of this practice. | 2 |
Sajeeb Wazed Joy, who is the son of the prime minister and serves as an ICT adviser, revealed the names of the winners during a virtual event hosted by Young Bangla, a youth platform of the Awami League's Centre for Research and Information, on Tuesday. The winners consist of 16 in the social inclusion category and 14 in social development. Out of 600 youth groups aged between 18 and 35, Young Bangla selected 47 organizations for the final round. Joy praised the winners for their exceptional work in serving the community and expressed gratitude for their efforts in helping disadvantaged groups such as poor children and individuals with disabilities. Joy observed that the winners were actively working to address the issues they encountered, in contrast to others who simply choose to complain. He noted that these winners, often individuals or small groups, were making a difference by implementing their own ideas to help others. Nasrul Hamid Bipu, the state minister for power, energy and mineral resources, who also serves as a trustee of CRI, participated in the event which was moderated by Dr. Nuzhat Choudhury. The winners in each category are as follows: Happy Natore and Shoshtho Indrio or The 6th Sense of Rajshahi for children's rights, Obhizatrik Foundation of Patuakhali and Miserable Welfare Association of Sylhet for ultra-poor empowerment, Hate Khori Foundation of Pirojpur, Ek Takay Shikkha of Chattogram, and Good Film of Barishal for empowerment of disadvantaged people, Unmesh of Rangamati, Ignite Youth Foundation of Chandpur, iTech School of Chandpur, and Positive Bangladesh of Dhaka for youth development, and Deshi Balllers of Dhaka and Youth for Change of Barishal for women empowerment. The organizations mentioned include the Centre for Rights and Development of Persons With Disabilities in Barishal, the Wheelchair Sports Foundation in Mymensingh, and the Association for Autism and Social Improvement in Habiganj which focus on empowering people with disabilities. Additionally, there are groups like Bloodmen Healthcare and Mastul Foundation in Dhaka, World Youth Army in Noakhali, Central Boys of Raujan in Chattogram, and Mission Save Bangladesh Foundation in Dhaka working on emergency measures to combat the coronavirus. The Plastic Initiative Network and Youth Environment Social Development Society in Dhaka are addressing environmental and climate change issues. Psycure Organisation in Jamalpur, DIP Medical Services in Natore, and Dipasha Foundation are focusing on health education and awareness. Lastly, Pohorchanda Adarsha Pathagar in Cox’s Bazar, Uttoron Jubo Sangha in Moulvibazar, and Cinema Bangladesh in Laxmipur are involved in socio-cultural entrepreneurship. Two organizations, Footstep Bangladesh from Noakhali and Safety Management Foundation from Kurigram, will be recognized for their work in disaster management and reducing risk of damage. The winners will be awarded certificates, crests, and laptops. Young Bangla has honored 130 organizations since 2015, many of which have gone on to receive international recognition. | 2 |
Colombia's Marxist rebels have declared a two-month ceasefire, marking the first truce in over ten years, as peace talks in Cuba aim to end a fifty-year conflict. President Juan Manuel Santos' government has stated that military operations will continue until a final peace agreement is reached with the FARC. The rebels have announced a halt to offensive military actions and sabotage until January 20, in efforts to create a more favorable environment for negotiations. Lead rebel negotiator Ivan Marquez described the ceasefire as a significant step towards achieving peace, despite previous calls for major political changes in Colombia. The parties involved in the conflict arrived at the negotiations in luxurious black cars and will have almost daily meetings until the talks conclude. Journalists crowded around Marquez, a bearded FARC delegate, and other members including Tanja Nijmeijer from the Netherlands in Havana's upscale neighborhood. Some FARC members wore clothing with Simon Trinidad's image, a guerrilla negotiator imprisoned in the US, while others chanted in support of the people's army. Humberto de la Calle, the head of the Colombian government delegation, greeted the crowd with a smile and wave but did not make any statements. Speaking from Bogota, Colombian Defense Minister Juan Carlos Pinzon expressed skepticism regarding the FARC's commitment to a ceasefire. He emphasized that security forces are mandated to pursue all criminals who have violated the constitution, and noted that the terrorist group has a history of not honoring agreements. The conflict in Colombia has lasted for 50 years, resulting in numerous casualties, displacement of millions, and damage to infrastructure. The failure of the current peace process would lead to more years of conflict and tarnish the country's reputation, hindering foreign investment and regional influence. Colombia has struggled to address its most pressing domestic issue. In western Cauca province, a region heavily affected by war in Colombia, residents were happy about the FARC ceasefire. Orlando Ramos, a resident in Miranda, Cauca, expressed his hopes for the ceasefire to be permanent on local television. The FARC's announcement could provide some relief for oil and mining companies who have been targeted in recent months by the group in an attempt to disrupt Colombia's main source of income. The ongoing war in the country has significant economic costs, causing 1 to 2 percentage points of gross domestic product loss annually and rendering large areas of land unsafe for farming due to conflict or landmines. A peace agreement with the FARC could attract more investors and sectors to Colombia, according to Eurasia Group's Latin America analyst Heather Berkman. The potential for agricultural production to transform the country's export sector is significant, as both small-scale and larger farmers could now utilize land that was previously inaccessible due to security concerns. Santos is aiming for an agreement within nine months, but the rebels believe the process will require more time. The two parties will need to address several complex issues outlined in their five-point agenda, starting with rural development. Past peace efforts have not succeeded, but there is hope from both the government and the FARC that this time could be different. However, not everyone shares this optimistic outlook. Felix Lafaurie, the head of Colombia's National Federation of Cattle Ranchers, cautioned that the announcement should be viewed skeptically. He hoped that it indicated the FARC's willingness to make peace rather than a deceptive tactic. Despite widespread support for the peace process in Colombia, many believe it will not succeed. President Santos is taking a big risk with these talks, which could determine the outcome of the 2014 election. The conflict began in 1964 when the FARC formed as a communist movement aiming to address Colombia's social inequality. During the 1990s, the FARC had control over significant portions of the country. However, in the early 2000s, a combination of billions of dollars in US aid, enhanced intelligence, and improved mobility began to shift the balance of power in favor of the government. Despite losing several top commanders and being pushed back into remote jungle hideouts in recent years, the FARC remains a formidable force and continues to carry out attacks on security forces and economic infrastructure. Violence played a significant role in the failure of previous peace talks, with negotiations breaking off in the last attempt from 1999 to 2002 after the FARC hijacked an airplane. Juan Fernando Cristo, a senator for the Liberal Party, stated that the FARC has taken into account the concerns of many Colombians who have been doubtful of its commitment to ending the war. He believes that the FARC's decision to implement a unilateral truce should give hope for positive outcomes in the upcoming negotiations. | 2 |
A senior Iranian lawmaker cautioned Western powers that they would soon need to acknowledge the progress of Iran's nuclear program, as reported by Iran's state news agency on Saturday. The head of the parliamentary committee for national security and foreign policy, Alaeddin Boroujerdi, made these remarks at a ceremony in Mashhad honoring Iran's nuclear scientists who have been killed or injured. Western nations suspect Iran of secretly developing nuclear weapons, a claim that Iran has consistently denied. Talks are scheduled to resume this week in an attempt to address these international concerns, although the location of the negotiations has not yet been determined. Boroujerdi emphasized that the P5+1 countries must change their approach towards Iran, as he stated that challenging the Islamic Republic would not be advantageous for them. Iran, with honour, will continue discussing the topic of peaceful nuclear energy. It is believed that soon, countries like America and Europe will acknowledge Iran's progress in nuclear technology and accept its membership in the nuclear community. Despite facing threats and sanctions, Iran has made significant advancements in its nuclear capabilities, including all stages of uranium enrichment. Recently, Iran announced the successful loading of domestically produced fuel rods into the Tehran Research Reactor. Iran maintains that it has the right to engage in peaceful nuclear activities under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Boroujerdi stressed that Iran's nuclear program is solely for peaceful purposes, but warned that if the International Atomic Energy Agency does not fulfill its commitments, Iran's scientists may build a reactor within the country. Speaking in front of families of deceased scientists, Boroujerdi cautioned that targeting Iranian nuclear scientists is ineffective. He stated that despite attempts by the Zionist regime, Arabs, and America to eliminate their scientists, Iran's advancements in nuclear science will continue with the support of university students and professors. The IAEA recently reported Iran's increase in production of enriched uranium, raising concerns about potential military intentions. While some doubt Iran's claims, experts believe that enriching uranium to 20 percent is a significant step towards achieving the 90 percent threshold for nuclear explosions. The Islamic Republic of Iran states that the highly refined uranium is needed to replace depleting stocks of special fuel for a reactor in Tehran that produces medical isotopes for cancer patients. The United States and its allies have imposed new sanctions on Iran in an attempt to stop their enrichment activities. Israel has threatened Iran with military action, while US president Barack Obama is advocating for a diplomatic solution. The next round of talks between Iran and the P5+1 group has been delayed due to disagreement on the location. | 2 |
According to interviews conducted by Reuters with activist investors and fund managers, it is expected that votes related to climate change resolutions will receive more support from large asset managers this year compared to previous years. In the United States, there have been 79 climate-related resolutions filed so far, surpassing the numbers from last year and 2019. The Sustainable Investments Institute predicts this number could reach 90 by the end of the year. These resolutions cover topics such as emissions limits, pollution reports, and climate audits to assess the financial impact of climate change on businesses. The main focus is on urging companies in various sectors to outline their plans for reducing carbon footprints in alignment with government commitments to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Billionaire British hedge fund manager Chris Hohn is advocating for companies to have a credible plan with short-term targets in order to achieve net-zero targets by 2050. He believes that without a solid plan, companies are engaging in greenwashing and shareholders should hold them accountable. Hohn is urging companies to allow shareholders to vote on their climate plans, with several companies already committing to this, including Royal Dutch Shell, Aena, Unilever, and Moody's. While these shareholder resolutions are typically non-binding, they often lead to changes as executives aim to appease as many investors as possible. "The calls for increased transparency and goal-setting are more direct now compared to 2020," stated Daniele Vitale, head of governance at Georgeson in London, a firm that advises companies on shareholder perspectives. As more companies commit to net-zero targets by 2050 in accordance with the Paris climate agreement, few have set interim targets. A study by South Pole found that only 10% of 120 companies across various industries have done so. There is uncertainty and a lack of clarity on the specific plans and timeline companies will follow to achieve these goals, according to Mirza Baig, head of investment stewardship at Aviva Investors. Data analysis from J Safra Sarasin reveals the magnitude of the challenge ahead. Sarasin conducted a study on the emissions of approximately 1,500 firms in the MSCI World Index, which serves as a broad representation of the world's listed companies. The study determined that if companies worldwide do not reduce their emissions, global temperatures could increase by over 3 degrees Celsius by 2050, falling short of the Paris accord target of limiting warming to below 2C, preferably 1.5C. The study also revealed significant variations among industries: If all companies emitted at the same rate as the energy sector, the temperature rise would be 5.8C, with the materials sector (including metals and mining) on track for 5.5C, and consumer staples (such as food and drink) for 4.7C. These calculations are primarily based on companies' reported emissions levels in 2019, covering Scope 1 and 2 emissions - those directly caused by a company, as well as the electricity it purchases and uses. The pressure from investors for transparency is expected to be highest on sectors with high carbon emissions. ExxonMobil, traditionally slow in setting climate goals, recently disclosed its Scope 3 emissions, leading to California Public Employees’ Retirement System withdrawing a shareholder resolution. Calpers’ Simiso Nzima believes that 2021 will see more companies reaching agreements with activist investors on climate concerns, describing it as a positive trend. Exxon, however, has requested permission from the US Securities and Exchange Commission to skip votes on four other shareholder proposals, including three related to climate issues. They mention reasons such as the company having already made significant reforms. According to an Exxon spokesman, ongoing discussions with stakeholders led to the disclosure of emissions. Both Exxon and the SEC did not comment on the requests to skip votes, as the SEC had not yet made a ruling on Exxon's requests as of late Tuesday. Activists hope for more action from BlackRock, the world's largest investor with $8.7 trillion under management, which has promised a more stringent approach to climate issues. Recently, BlackRock called for boards to develop a climate plan, release emissions data, and set strong short-term targets, warning that directors could be voted out at the AGM if these steps are not taken. BlackRock supported a resolution at Procter & Gamble's AGM, which aimed to address deforestation in supply chains and passed with 68% support. Green Century Capital Management hopes this is a positive sign for the future. BlackRock will assess each proposal on a case-by-case basis, while Amundi also plans to support more resolutions. Vanguard, however, appears less certain about its stance. Lisa Harlow, who leads Vanguard's stewardship efforts in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, expressed uncertainty about whether the company's support for climate resolutions this year would surpass its usual rate of backing one in ten. British hedge fund founder Chris Hohn, who manages a $30 billion fund called TCI, is working to implement a regular system for evaluating climate progress through annual shareholder votes. This initiative, known as "Say on Climate," involves investors requesting companies to provide a comprehensive net zero plan with short-term targets, which will then be subject to an annual non-binding vote. If shareholders are not satisfied with the plan, they may have grounds to vote against directors. Early indications suggest that this movement is gaining traction. Hohn has filed a minimum of seven resolutions through TCI. The Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, established by Hohn, is collaborating with various organizations and asset managers to submit over 100 resolutions during the upcoming two AGM seasons in several countries. Hohn mentioned to pension funds and insurance companies in November that while not all companies will back the Say on Climate, they are prepared for potential opposition and believe they can secure the necessary votes. | 2 |
Suggestions at a 170-nation climate conference in Bonn include the possibility of assisting developing countries in constructing nuclear power plants as part of an expansion of a UN program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. This proposal, which is considered controversial, would allow wealthy nations to invest in projects such as wind farms or hydropower dams in developing countries and receive credit for reducing emissions domestically. Other ideas being discussed at the conference include providing incentives for capturing and storing carbon dioxide from coal-fired power plants and promoting the planting of forests to absorb carbon dioxide. Numerous countries and environmental advocates are against the idea of extending the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to encompass nuclear energy. The CDM is a component of the Kyoto Protocol, a United Nations initiative aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions through 2012. Martin Hiller from the WWF conservation organization stated that nuclear power is not the way forward in terms of energy sources and should not be included in the CDM. He believes that the focus of the CDM should be on renewable energy instead. He mentioned that nuclear power was considered too risky even though it produces very little greenhouse gases compared to coal, oil, and gas. The discussions in Bonn, which are part of the negotiations for a new U.N. climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol, will not include any decisions about changing the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Many delegates do not support including nuclear power in the CDM. There is a lot of uncertainty about whether nuclear power should be used as an alternative to fossil fuels to prevent the negative effects of climate change. De Boer estimated that the CDM could provide up to $100 billion a year to developing nations if industrialized countries commit to significant emissions reductions and half of these reductions are made overseas. The assumption was made that credits for preventing greenhouse gas emissions would be around $10 per ton. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has projects in progress that would prevent a total of 2.7 billion tonnes of emissions by 2012, which is similar to the combined annual emissions of Japan, Germany, and Britain. De Boer defended the CDM against criticisms of flaws, such as benefiting carbon traders and companies in China that destroy HFC 23, a potent greenhouse gas. He argued that finding a way to profitably remove a harmful gas is not morally wrong, as the market mechanism is effectively functioning. Other critiques of the program center around the question of whether the funding has actually resulted in reductions in emissions, or if these reductions would have occurred regardless due to preexisting government backing for wind power in countries like China and India. | 2 |
The pandemic in France and Austria brought attention to the debate between planes and trains. The French government's COVID bailout for Air France required the airline to stop domestic flights that had a rail option under 2 1/2 hours, which later became law. Similarly, the Austrian government demanded Austrian Airlines to end its 50-minute flight between Vienna and Salzburg, as passengers could take a three-hour train instead. The European Commission declared 2021 as the "Year of European Rail" to promote train travel, especially to younger people. Despite passenger traffic increasing before the pandemic, only 8% of European Union travel was by train. European leaders are not only focusing on public relations to promote cross-border train travel, but they are also working on reducing practical barriers by implementing new data-sharing systems, updating infrastructure, and constructing new high-speed routes, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Alberto Mazzola, executive director of the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies, stated that the goal is for business travelers to choose trains for trips under four hours and for tourists to opt for trains for trips under six hours. He noted that government leaders are prioritizing railway infrastructure, particularly high-speed lines, which is a change from the past when similar promises were made but not followed through on. Night trains in Europe are also becoming increasingly popular as part of the growing trend in rail travel on the continent. Night trains have been on the decline since the 1990s due to the rise of low-cost airlines and high-speed trains. However, this trend has started to shift before the pandemic, and now there is a growing momentum behind night trains, with new sleeper connections emerging across Europe. Alain Krakovitch, the director of travel at France's SNCF, has noted a revival of night trains in France and Europe, driven by strong demand from customers, elected officials, and the government. SNCF recently reintroduced overnight services between Paris and Nice, offering tickets starting at 19 euros, compared to 31 euros for a short flight on EasyJet. SNCF provides overnight services between Paris and Toulouse and Paris and Lourdes in the southwest of France. Additionally, a night train to Hendaye, a coastal town near the Spanish border, will operate in July and August. Starting in December 2023, a change-free overnight service between Paris and Berlin, a journey that currently takes eight hours and requires at least one change, will be available as a collaboration between four European operators. According to Krakovitch, there has been a strong demand for these services, making them very appealing to passengers. Krakovitch stated that the concept of falling asleep in Paris and waking up in Nice eliminates the need for a night in a hotel, allowing travelers to arrive in Nice early and refreshed. Despite the benefits, a significant investment was required to relaunch this service, and the hope is to maintain its success. This trend is also evident in other parts of Europe, such as the Swiss Federal Railways introducing a new overnight connection from Zurich to Amsterdam, expanding their existing overnight services to various destinations including Berlin, Budapest, Prague, and Zagreb. European Sleeper, a Dutch Belgian company established by two entrepreneurs, is in the process of developing an overnight connection between Brussels and Prague, with stops in cities such as Amsterdam and Berlin. The company aims to launch this service in the upcoming summer, although the exact start date has not yet been finalized. In the meantime, ÖBB's Nightjet service has recently introduced an overnight route between Vienna and Paris, offering tickets ranging from approximately 30 euros for a regular train seat to over 200 euros for a first-class private cabin, depending on the travel date. Nightjet also operates overnight services to various other cities, including Rome, Milan, Brussels, and Amsterdam, providing passengers with the option to book private compartments. Some cabins even come equipped with private shower and toilet facilities. The cost of booking a private compartment for two people traveling from Vienna to Amsterdam on a weeknight in July, for example, totals 129 euros. Alternatively, travelers have the option to choose a two-bed sleeper cabin for 378 euros for both individuals, which includes breakfast. If they prefer a private shower and toilet, the price increases to 418 euros. Currently, all of the Nightjet's "rolling stock" is being utilized, but new services are expected to be introduced in the future, according to a spokesperson. Over 30 new sleeper trains are set to be delivered starting in 2023. Despite the benefits of night trains in providing new travel options, they are limited to specific routes. People who are seeking to travel between cities not connected by rail networks still encounter difficulties in booking tickets and facing high prices. Despite the European Union's support for rail travel, governments within the bloc continue to provide significant subsidies to airlines through bailout packages and low taxes on jet fuel. While bans on short-haul flights in France and Austria made headlines, they only affected a limited number of routes. In France, passengers are still permitted to fly on these routes as part of longer journeys. Herwig Schuster, a transport campaigner for Greenpeace’s EU Mobility for All campaign, believes that the French and Austrian measures are a good starting point. He suggests that the European Union should go further by prohibiting flights with a train alternative that takes less than six hours, rather than just two or three. This would eliminate about a third of Europe's popular short-haul routes. Schuster argues that consumers are ready for this change, citing a recent climate survey showing that 62% of Europeans support a ban on short-haul flights. However, he notes that the biggest challenge would be ensuring that rail options are as affordable as flights. Despite the environmental benefits, flying remains the cheaper option on many European routes, especially longer-distance trips that involve crossing multiple national borders. For example, a one-way flight from Zurich to Barcelona in July can cost as little as 45 euros, compared to 140 euros (and more time) to travel the same distance by rail. Flying is also usually more affordable for trips from London to Madrid, Copenhagen to Rome, and Paris to Budapest. Mark Smith, who manages The Man in Seat 61 website, pointed out that the lack of a unified ticketing system in Europe's extensive rail network is a significant challenge. Despite this, he believes that trains can offer better value than planes when factoring in baggage fees and transportation costs to and from airports. Smith suggests that booking train tickets in advance, similar to flights, can result in significant cost savings. He recommends reserving long-distance train journeys one to three months ahead to avoid last-minute price increases. Smith also suggests using websites like Trainline and Rail Europe for booking multicountry trips in Europe. He acknowledges that some travellers may have to pay more for train tickets, but many still choose this mode of transportation. Smith mentioned that when he first launched his website two decades ago, the majority of individuals interested in long-distance train travel were either afraid of flying or unable to do so for health reasons. However, nowadays he notices a shift in mindset. People are now looking for a less stressful and more engaging alternative to air travel, as well as wanting to reduce their carbon footprint. | 2 |
The agency announced that it was upgrading India's rating from Baa3 to Baa2 and changing its rating outlook to stable. This is Moody's first upgrade for India since January 2004 and places the country at the second-lowest investment grade, above Standard & Poor's and Fitch. The decision reflects confidence in Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government and recent reforms. Following the announcement, Indian stocks, bonds, and the rupee all saw gains. Lakshmi Iyer, head of fixed income at Kotak Mutual Fund, likened the news to receiving early Christmas presents. The upgrade in ratings is a positive development for bonds that were previously in a negative trend. This change is expected to result in lower yields across different time periods. Despite India's efforts to convince Moody's to upgrade its rating last year, the agency had concerns about the country's debt levels and weak banks. However, the recent upgrade is seen as a belated recognition of the government's efforts to improve the economy. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley described it as a victory for the government, while Modi's colleagues see it as another success for the prime minister following a recent survey showing high approval ratings for him among Indians. Some economists expressed skepticism about the possibility of other major rating agencies making similar upgrades soon. Radhika Rao from DBS pointed out that slower growth, a struggling rural sector, weak investment, and the threat of rising oil prices have all impacted the economy negatively. She believes Fitch and S&P are unlikely to upgrade India's ratings quickly due to their cautious approach and concerns about state and central government finances. Finance Minister Jaitley stated that the government remains committed to fiscal consolidation, aiming for a fiscal deficit of 3.2 percent of GDP in the current year and 3 percent in the following year. He stated that they would uphold financial discipline and expressed confidence that current policies would lead India to a more stable financial position. Moody's also raised the ratings of several top Indian banks and state-run energy companies, potentially reducing their borrowing costs. The markets reacted positively, with India's bond yield and currency strengthening, while the Mumbai stock index closed higher. However, debt traders cautioned that the rally may be short-lived due to high bond supply and concerns about inflation. A bond trader at a private bank questioned who would be brave enough to keep buying in the current market. Moody's stated that the introduction of the goods and services tax (GST) in India would increase productivity by eliminating barriers to trade between states. Marie Diron from Moody's explained that the upgrade was based on the potential positive impact of the GST reform on growth, despite concerns about a higher government deficit. While some market participants doubted the timing of the upgrade, Moody's predicted a slight decrease in India's GDP growth for the fiscal year ending in March 2018. Additionally, Moody's upgraded India's local currency debt ratings. Moody's stated that although several important reforms are still in their initial phases, it believes that the reforms already in place will help the government achieve its goals of improving the business environment, increasing productivity, and encouraging investment. Moody's also mentioned that India's long-term growth potential is much higher than that of most other Baa-rated countries. | 2 |
The mountain was depicted on a piece of cardboard as a backdrop for a comedy show during the Leicester Comedy Festival. It symbolized the daily struggles of transgender individuals in Britain, who face continual attacks akin to climbing a hill. Despite the challenging premise, the performer, Ives, assured that she was well-equipped to tackle the subject as a transgender person herself. Although transgender individuals are more visible in British culture, opposition to their rights has also increased, particularly in mainstream news and social media. In stand-up comedy, which reflects societal concerns, transgender issues are often trivialized or used as punchlines. During a recent phone interview, Jen Ives, a trans comedian, discussed the pressure she sometimes feels to represent the entire transgender community while performing on stage, rather than just focusing on telling jokes. In contrast to the United States, where transgender issues are often divided along political lines, in Britain, voices from both the left and right have expressed concerns about allowing transgender women to use bathrooms according to their gender identity. JK Rowling, the famous author of the "Harry Potter" series, is one of the most well-known figures in Britain to make such claims, leading to accusations of transphobia from many, including her own fans. In a 2018 study from UCLA, concerns about safety and privacy regarding transgender rights were found to be unfounded. Dan Healey, an academic at the University of Oxford’s Centre for Gender, Identity, and Subjectivity, explained in a telephone interview that the debate surrounding transgender rights in Britain is more prominent compared to the United States. He mentioned that the discussion in Britain involves feminists who either acknowledge trans women as women or those who do not. British comedian Jen Ives expressed that trans individuals feel their humanity is being questioned by feminists who do not accept them, describing it as one of the negative aspects of the current state of trans issues in the UK. Ives, 30, expressed that people often see transgender individuals not as individuals, but as a topic of debate or a passing trend. She has been discussing her experience as a transgender person in her stand-up comedy since 2017, and audiences have appreciated her openness. Her show, "Peak Trans," was inspired by the negative atmosphere towards transgender individuals in Britain. Ives believes that making people laugh may not change their opinions, but it does humanize the transgender experience. Even when addressing serious issues, Ives always includes humor in her performances. She mentioned that being transgender is not the only aspect of her identity, also revealing that she is a vegetarian. Despite wanting to go vegan over Christmas, she felt she had already caused her dad enough stress as a trans woman. Trans comedians have been a staple on British stages for many years, with Eddie Izzard making headlines in December for expressing her desire to use she/her pronouns and present in girl mode. Debra-Jane Appleby and Bethany Black, both trans stand-up comedians, have also had successful careers in the British comedy scene. Black once mentioned in an interview that people mostly do not care about her being trans, a sentiment she laughed about in a recent video interview. "Yeah, that has changed slightly," she mentioned. Earlier, individuals believed there were only about 10 or 15 transsexuals globally," she stated. "Now, the perception is that they are widespread and attempting to participate in sports!" Although she makes jokes about transphobia while performing, Black mentioned that the discussion regarding trans individuals in Britain has had a negative impact on her. "A couple of years ago, I was diagnosed with agoraphobia, and a significant portion of that is due to constantly feeling like I'm in this ongoing battle," she stated. Black also expressed frustration with comedians and TV shows that resort to making unoriginal jokes about transgender individuals. These jokes had become a common element in the routines of some well-known comedians, leading James Acaster to parody this trend in a 2019 performance. However, many comedians refrained from making these jokes when performing alongside her, according to Black. Despite claiming to support free speech, many of them chose not to make these jokes in her presence. One comedian who did make such jokes was Adam Rowe, who has a routine where he criticizes lingerie company Victoria's Secret for not featuring transgender or plus-size models in its shows. In a photo taken remotely, British comedian Bethany Black is pictured on February 25, 2021. Black expressed that being transgender is a daily reality for her, not just a theoretical concept. She noted that many British comedians joke about trans people, but they tend to avoid these jokes when she is also performing. In an undated photo taken remotely, British comedian Bethany Black discussed her experience of being transgender and the jokes made by other British comedians about trans people. She also mentioned that Victoria's Secret recently cast a trans model. Rowe defended the joke in an email. He stated that the routine is not transphobic and was actually designed to trick people who are not paying attention into thinking that it is. He mentioned that individuals often focus too much on certain words. Ives noted that she has seen non-trans comedians perform trans material, which can be funny. She stated that she can laugh at herself but sometimes feels like the jokes are just mean-spirited. Ives mentioned instances in her career where she had to follow male comedians who made jokes about transgender women, and she would usually mock them in response. However, she believes that this is just making the best of a bad situation. "I prefer not to." During her most recent performance, Ives gradually guided her audience towards the metaphorical Peak Trans, pausing along the way to poke fun at transgender individuals in sports and her own experience coming out. However, as they neared the summit, a particular topic came into focus. Apologetically, Ives announced, "We're going to discuss JK Rowling." She started off by joking about Rowling's latest book "Troubled Blood," which includes a male murderer who poses as a woman. Ives expressed her desire to be an advocate and address the issue, but noted the daunting length of the book at 1,000 pages. Ives said that Rowling wanted individuals like her to avoid using women's spaces and instead use men's toilets. She then compared trans women to spiders, noting that they are often more afraid of others than others are of them. | 2 |
The most severe financial crisis in 80 years hit emerging markets hard on Wednesday, leading to emergency actions by central banks and calls for international assistance to prevent investors from pulling out. In the United States, there were disappointing earnings reports from companies like AT&T Inc and Boeing, as well as a decision by Merck & Co to cut 7,200 jobs. Wachovia Corp, a struggling US bank being acquired by Wells Fargo & Co, recorded a record $23.9 billion loss in the third quarter. Emerging market stocks, debt, and currencies all faced significant pressure as investors sold off assets due to concerns about the worsening global economy. Despite efforts by authorities around the world to stabilize the financial system, fears of a worldwide recession remained a major concern. Hungary raised interest rates significantly in order to protect its currency, the forint. Belarus has asked for financial assistance from the International Monetary Fund, while Ukraine's Prime Minister expects her country to receive substantial aid from the IMF soon. The IMF is also prepared to assist Pakistan and Iceland, both of which are facing financial challenges. According to Neil Dougall, chief economist for emerging markets at Dresdner Kleinwort, capital is now shifting back from emerging markets to developed markets. Optimism was dampened by the problems, but officials expressed some hopeful signs amid the financial crisis, with billions of dollars being allocated for rescue efforts globally. U.S. Treasury Undersecretary David McCormick acknowledged the challenging times ahead for the economy but suggested a potential recovery by late next year. Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, also indicated that the worst might be over for the financial system, based on discussions within the Group of Seven nations. He mentioned on Tuesday that we are still a long way from reaching stability, but he believes that the plan to strengthen our banking system, both domestically and internationally, will be viewed as a turning point in the recent banking crisis. This was supported by a decrease in U.S. dollar short-term funding costs in London and Asia, indicating that banks are starting to rebuild trust in each other. Russia, a rising economic force, has also shown signs of progress in bank lending, with interbank lending returning to normal. The rates may be decreasing, and banks are beginning to lend to sectors again, but it will still take two to three weeks for the situation to truly improve, according to First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov as quoted by the Financial Times. Despite efforts to combat financial collapse, there is a looming fear of recession due to the worsening global economic climate. The Bank of England's recent meeting minutes indicated a significant deterioration in the UK economy, with Governor King suggesting it may be entering its first recession in 16 years. Financial markets were in turmoil as Wall Street was poised for a weak opening, with Dow Jones futures dropping by nearly 3 percent. European shares were down by more than 4.4 percent, while Japan's Nikkei average closed 6.8 percent lower. Emerging markets were also feeling the impact, with MSCI's sector index hitting its lowest level since June 2005 and sovereign debt spreads widening to over 700 basis points compared to Treasury yields - the first time since early 2003. Currencies, except for the forint, were also struggling, as the Turkish lira hit a more than two-year low and South Africa's rand reached its lowest level in over 6 years against the dollar. Sanjay Mathur, an economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland in Singapore, mentioned that there will likely be a significant downturn in the business cycle that needs to be addressed. Various US companies reported their quarterly results on Wednesday, providing insight into different industries and sectors within the world's largest economy. While tobacco companies Philip Morris International and Reynolds American Inc, as well as fast-food chain McDonald's Corp, exceeded analysts' expectations with their profits, they were exceptions in an otherwise bleak outlook. | 2 |
Michael Strizki is able to heat and cool his house year-round and use power-hungry appliances like a hot tub and wide-screen TV without paying any utility bills by utilizing a combination of solar and hydrogen power. His home in New Jersey is the first in the US to demonstrate this innovative method of generating electricity. The Hopewell Project, named after a nearby town, is addressing concerns about US energy security and the impact of burning fossil fuels on the environment. Gian-Paolo Caminiti of Renewable Energy International emphasizes the psychological benefits of taking action against climate change. Strizki operates a 3,000-square-foot house using electricity generated by a 1,000-square-foot roof covered in photovoltaic cells on a nearby building. An electrolyzer converts solar power into hydrogen from water, which is stored in tanks until needed by a fuel cell. In the summer, excess electricity is stored as hydrogen and used in the winter when solar panels can't meet demand. Strizki also uses hydrogen to power his fuel-cell car, which is environmentally friendly. Solar power currently only supplies 0.1 percent of US energy needs, but the number of photovoltaic installations is growing and the cost of making solar panels is decreasing annually. As costs decrease and the search intensifies for clean alternatives to expensive and polluting fossil fuels, some experts believe that solar energy is on the brink of experiencing significant growth in the next five to ten years. The New Jersey project, which was completed in October 2006 after four years of planning and construction, had a total cost of approximately $500,000, with $225,000 of that amount being funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. New Jersey, a strong advocate for renewable energy, has set a goal of having 20 percent of its energy generated from renewables by 2020 and currently has the second largest number of solar-power installations in the United States, behind only California. The state's utility regulator supported the project as it aligns with New Jersey's renewable energy objectives, according to Doyal Siddell, a spokesperson for the agency. He stated that the solar-hydrogen residence project presents a significant opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. The project received support and resources from various commercial sponsors, such as Exide, which donated batteries valued at $50,000, and Swageloc, a company from Ohio that provided stainless steel piping worth around $28,000. Strizki also contributed approximately $100,000 of his own money. While the high cost may make it inaccessible for most people to convert their homes, Strizki and his team emphasize that the project is meant to be duplicated and that the prototype's price is higher than what future imitators would pay. After covering initial research and design expenses, the estimated price would be around $100,000, according to Strizki. However, Marchant Wentworth from the Union of Concerned Scientists in Washington believes that this price is still too steep for widespread replication of the project. In order for such installations to become widely used, they would need to have the ability to sell extra power to the grid, creating a revenue source that could attract investors, according to Wentworth. Making financing accessible to the general population is crucial, he added. Caminiti states that the hydrogen/solar system costs approximately $4,000 per year when the $100,000 initial cost is spread out over the expected 25-year lifespan of the equipment. This is significantly higher than the average $1,500 per year that the typical US homeowner spends on energy, as reported by the federal government. Even when factoring in the average annual gasoline costs of about $1,000 per car, the renewable energy option still proves to be more expensive than a combination of grid power and gasoline. Strizki and his colleagues view the house as more than just a financial investment. It represents energy security during a time when the government is trying to decrease reliance on fossil fuels from the Middle East, and it promotes a sustainable lifestyle by avoiding greenhouse gas emissions. Strizki, who is 51 years old, considers this project to be his life's purpose, stating, "I have devoted my life to improving the planet." | 2 |
The Financial Times reported on Friday that the Hong Kong government did not provide a reason for refusing to renew Victor Mallet's work visa, who is the newspaper's Asia news editor. This is the first time the newspaper has faced such a situation in Hong Kong, and they have not received an explanation for the rejection. The Hong Kong government stated that they would not comment on individual cases, and the Immigration Department mentioned that they make decisions on visa applications based on laws and policies, considering the specific circumstances of each case. Mallet, a British citizen, holds a prominent position at the Hong Kong Foreign Correspondents' Club and was a spokesperson for the organization during a controversial event in August that was criticized by local and mainland Chinese officials. Mainland China often denies work visas to foreign journalists and media organizations as a form of punishment, but in Hong Kong, there are stronger protections for civil liberties. The decision to expel Mallet has raised concerns among human rights advocates, as it blurs the distinction between Hong Kong and mainland China. According to Maya Wang from Human Rights Watch, the rejection of Mallet's visa is unprecedented in Hong Kong, which has historically respected freedom of speech. Jason Y Ng, president of PEN Hong Kong, believes this move will have a negative impact on freedom of expression in the city. Ng stated that as Beijing continues to redefine what topics are considered sensitive and off-limits, there is a growing pressure for institutions and individuals to practice self-censorship. This poses a threat to free expression and the free exchange of ideas in Hong Kong, which is known as an open, cosmopolitan city that upholds the rule of law. Ng believes that the expulsion of the Foreign Correspondents' Club is a clear act of retaliation by the authorities in response to the club hosting a talk by Andy Chan, the leader of a political party advocating for Hong Kong's independence from China. The Hong Kong government had already indicated its intention to ban Chan's party, the Hong Kong National Party, using a colonial-era law that allows for the prohibition of groups for reasons of national security, public safety, or public order. Both Hong Kong officials and the Chinese central government condemned the event. Leung Chun-ying, who served as the city's top official from 2012 to 2017, went a step further by comparing the talk to hosting supporters of "racism, anti-Semitism or Nazism." He suggested that the Hong Kong government should reconsider the lease of the FCC's clubhouse, located in a historic, publicly owned building in central Hong Kong. Mallet, a seasoned Financial Times editor who previously served as the newspaper's bureau chief in New Delhi, defended the event as a "normal event" related to an important news story in Hong Kong during Chan's talk. He noted that the widespread interest in the lunch indicated more about the political climate in Hong Kong and Beijing than about the FCC itself. Last month, Hong Kong banned Chan's party. According to the law, individuals claiming to be members of a political party could face imprisonment for up to three years, while those providing a meeting place for the group could be imprisoned for up to a year for a first offense. Hong Kong, which has its own immigration policy and a border with mainland China, has in the past denied visas to academics and political activists. In recent years, scholars from Taiwan and leaders of protests against a trade bill with China were also not allowed entry into Hong Kong. The denial of a visa renewal to a foreign journalist from The Financial Times marks an expansion of these restrictions, as this has not happened before in Hong Kong. Human rights and free speech organizations could not recall any other instances of a foreign journalist being expelled from Hong Kong. In 2011, Chang Ping, a prominent journalist from mainland China, was denied a work visa by Hong Kong authorities despite being offered a job at a local newspaper. This kind of treatment towards foreign journalists is more commonly seen in mainland China. Journalists such as Megha Rajagopalan, Ursula Gauthier, The New York Times, and Bloomberg have also faced difficulties in obtaining journalist visas in China due to their critical reporting on various issues. In a speech filled with confrontation towards China on Thursday, Vice President Mike Pence criticized the country's limitations on foreign journalists as a tactic by the Communist Party to promote censorship. | 2 |
Bulgarians cast their votes in a parliamentary election on Sunday with the hope of initiating reforms to address widespread corruption and revive an economy that has been severely impacted by the global crisis. Opinion polls suggest that the Socialist party, which currently leads the coalition government, is expected to lose due to the country's recession and a culture of impunity for criminals and politicians, causing Bulgaria to be viewed as the EU's "black sheep." Last year, Bulgaria lost access to significant EU aid as a consequence of corruption. If the polls are accurate, the center-right opposition party led by Sofia Mayor Boiko Borisov, GERB, may have the opportunity to form a government, likely through another coalition. Borisov, a former bodyguard turned politician, has promised to address crime, although there are concerns about his ability to implement reforms effectively in potential coalition negotiations. Pollsters report that his party currently receives around 30 percent of the vote, while the ruling Socialists have 20 percent. A former teacher named Pepa Kozhuharova, 64, expressed her frustration with the government and the need for change as she cast her vote in a Sofia neighborhood. Many Bulgarians, worn out from two decades of sluggish reforms, have been won over by the straightforward and strong Borisov, who is nicknamed Batman for his proactive nature. "I voted for Boiko because he is the only one who can speak out against what is wrong, do what is right, and follow through with it," stated Maria Nikolova, 50, after voting in Sofia. The new government needs to act quickly to avoid additional EU sanctions that are crucial for funding Bulgaria's struggling economy and attracting investors who have left this year. It is uncertain if GERB will secure enough votes for a strong majority in the 240-member chamber alongside their planned coalition partners, the Blue Coalition - a coalition of right-wing parties. Despite taking Bulgaria into the EU, reducing taxes, and maintaining strict fiscal policies, the current government has been criticized for being ineffective and failing to break ties between politicians, judges, and criminals. Highlighting the seriousness of the issue, prosecutors are investigating numerous claims of vote-buying by multiple political parties prior to the election. Over the weekend, five individuals were arrested in connection to these allegations. European Union countries are also alarmed by the presence of suspected criminals who registered to run for parliament in order to gain temporary immunity from prosecution and release from custody. Bulgaria, facing economic challenges due to the global financial crisis, is currently in a recession after 12 years of growth. This has led to widespread protests as rising unemployment puts an end to years of excessive private spending and accumulation of debt. Experts predict a 2 percent economic contraction in 2009, and like other former Soviet bloc countries in the EU, Bulgaria may need to seek assistance from the International Monetary Fund. Voting commenced at 6 a.m. (11 p.m. EDT on Sunday) and will conclude at 7 p.m., followed by the release of exit polls. At 6 a.m. EDT, the voter turnout was at 29.3 percent. | 2 |
The World Bank announced on Saturday that the funding will assist rural communities in reducing poverty and creating new job opportunities. The funds will also support local communities in Cox's Bazar who are hosting Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. Qimiao Fan, the World Bank Country Director for Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, stated that these projects aim to uplift rural populations and help the vulnerable escape poverty. Additionally, the projects will enhance the country's ability to withstand climate change. The $175 million Sustainable Forests & Livelihoods Project, as per the World Bank, will enhance forest cover through collaborative forest management involving local communities. This project will involve planting trees in around 79,000 hectares of forest, including a coastal green belt to bolster climate change resilience. The project, according to Madhavi Pillai, a World Bank Senior Natural Resources Management Specialist, aims to increase income for approximately 40,000 households in various districts of Bangladesh including Cox's Bazar, which is currently housing a large number of Rohingya refugees. The project will focus on developing and implementing protected area management plans for 10 Protected Forest Areas with the participation of local community members. The World Bank's $240 million Sustainable Coastal and Marine Fisheries Project is expected to enhance fisheries management, promote mariculture, and improve aquaculture biosecurity and productivity in 10 coastal districts. Additionally, the project will provide support for female workers through alternative livelihoods, skills training, and nutrition education. Overall, the project aims to enhance fisheries management systems, infrastructure, and value chain investments. Milen Dyoulgerov, a World Bank Senior Environment Specialist and Task Team Leader for the project, stated that this will lead to increased productivity and availability of fish. The $100 million additional funding for the Second Rural Transport Improvement Project will be used to repair rural roads in 26 districts that were damaged by heavy rainfall and floods last year. The project has already improved and fixed over 5,000 km of rural roads, providing access to markets, hospitals, and schools for millions of people. The funding will prioritize climate-resilience in the planning, design, implementation, and maintenance of the roads. | 2 |
The 16-year-old Swedish activist addressed a large rally in Montreal, expressing her disappointment in world leaders for failing to deliver meaningful plans and instead using empty words. Thunberg emphasized the importance of continuing to strike and march until leaders take action. Despite being mocked by Trump and criticized by Canadian Member of Parliament Maxime Bernier, Thunberg believes they are attempting to silence her because their interests are threatened by the youth movement. "We should consider it a compliment as well." The climate strikes that she motivated began in Asia on Friday, following similar strikes in Europe the previous week. In New Zealand, tens of thousands of students initiated the strikes. In Seoul, South Korea, around 500 students called for increased government efforts to combat climate change, marching towards the presidential Blue House after a rally in the city center where they criticized the government's lack of action on climate change. In the Netherlands, thousands of children also skipped school to participate in a worldwide climate strike, disrupting traffic and questioning their leaders with the phrase "how dare you?". In response to Thunberg's speech at the United Nations, Matthew McMillan, a 22-year-old mechanical engineering student at Montreal's Concordia University, participated in a protest holding a "Make America Greta Again" poster. He believes it is the most significant event of their generation. Nine-year-old Xavier Damien Tremblay and his siblings, along with their mother Maude Richard, also took part in the protest, holding placards and chanting "protect the planet" because they feel that their planet is in jeopardy. Trudeau met privately with Thunberg while she was in Canada during the federal election campaigning. Thunberg stated that Trudeau is not doing enough to address the climate crisis and urged all politicians to listen to and act on the science. Trudeau has pledged to take further action on climate change, but has faced criticism for purchasing and expanding a significant oil pipeline in western Canada. During one of his campaign stops, a man accused him of being a climate criminal, while another man tried to throw eggs at him during a march in Montreal. A video showed Trudeau comforting his son, who appeared scared and was crying after an incident. Trudeau had a positive meeting with Greta Thunberg, discussing the need for greater action. Aviation leaders are currently meeting in Montreal to discuss ways to reduce the industry's impact on climate change, as commercial flying contributes to 2.5% of carbon emissions and passenger numbers are expected to double by 2037. ICAO expressed support for the recent climate march, emphasizing the need for more action and innovation to address aviation's environmental impacts. | 2 |
Although they appeared helpful, Martha Agbani, the women's leader, sensed danger and instructed her fellow women to carry the burden themselves, as she had encountered these men in Yaataah before and knew their intentions were not entirely benign. She was determined to create employment opportunities for the women in the community, as she had witnessed the ongoing hardships faced by women in Ogoniland, who often faced difficulties in both making a living and having their voices heard in comparison to men. And she was adamant that men would not interfere with her new project: establishing a large nursery to grow hundreds of thousands of mangrove plants for sale to the Nigerian subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, the leading oil company in Ogoniland and responsible for their destruction. Agbani, a resilient woman with a friendly demeanor and a practical approach, was working to create a business that could empower women financially and help restore the damaged environment. Mangroves have important natural functions, such as filtering water, preventing erosion, and providing a habitat for aquatic life that supports humans. The Niger Delta is home to one of the world's largest mangrove ecosystems, which humans lived in harmony with for centuries. However, with the rise of oil production — a crucial source of revenue for the Nigerian government — the mangrove forests suffered. In 2011, a significant report was released by the United Nations Environment Program regarding pollution in Ogoniland, stating that it could take up to 30 years to address. However, the government agency responsible for addressing the pollution, the Hydrocarbon Pollution Remediation Project, has been slow to take action. Following two oil spills in 2007 and 2008 that devastated mangrove forests near the village of Bodo, Shell agreed to compensate the community, clean up the oil, and replant the mangroves. Agbani saw an opportunity in this, as the company would require a vast number of mangroves, which are crucial for protecting coastlines and providing habitat for marine life. She began by planting mangroves in her own yard before searching for a location to establish a nursery, which led her to Yaataah. Once a place with dense mangrove forests along its creek, Yaataah had lost most of them due to past environmental disasters and the spread of invasive nipa palms introduced by the British. She began organizing the project at Yaataah and brought in over 100 female mangrove planters to kick off the initiative in late 2019. However, during the celebration, she encountered young men who unexpectedly showed up and demanded money and snacks intended for the women. When she confronted them, explaining that the women had come to assist in the restoration of the land for the benefit of their mothers and sisters who relied on harvesting periwinkles, they assaulted her physically. She recounted, "They were pulling me from behind. It escalated quickly." Disturbed by the incident, Agbani and her team left Yaataah and did not go back for several months. Eventually, she found another location for the nursery with the help of a local leader who offered land near the contaminated areas in Bodo. However, she still felt a connection to Yaataah and found it difficult to completely let go. They had access to a good creek where they could practice growing mangroves from seeds in the wild, rather than starting them in nursery grow bags in Bodo. In May 2021, the women returned to plant the mangroves. Carrying sacks on their heads and their skirts pulled up, the women walked barefoot down the hill and into the creek. The water quickly became murky as they stirred up the sediment with their feet. Agbani, 45, laughed as she felt something brushing against her legs and struggled to keep her balance in the muddy water. "Oh, Martha is an elderly woman," exclaimed the speaker. The location was ideal with minimal oil contamination, and the sounds of birds, frogs, and crickets could still be heard from the surrounding vegetation. Similar to other creeks in the Niger Delta, this one was obstructed by nipa palms, but Agbani had organized for the villagers to clear a significant portion of them. The women moved quickly through the mud to the patch, passing podlike seeds known as "propagules" from hand to hand and planting them at intervals directed by Agbani. One of the women, Jessy Nubani, sang a popular call-and-response song as she worked, with the other women harmonizing in response. Despite the arrival of young men on motorcycles who were interested in the activity, they were scolded by Agbani and remained on shore. Agbani's activism was influenced by her mother, who was involved in the Ogoni people's resistance against the Nigerian government and Shell in the 1990s. Agbani, like her mother, dedicated years to working with the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, which was established in 1990 to address the environmental devastation caused by multinational oil companies in the region. Both Agbani and her mother drew inspiration from activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, a revered figure in Ogoniland who was executed by the Nigerian government in 1995. Agbani vividly remembers the day Saro-Wiwa was arrested while she was a student in Bori, his hometown, and witnessed the city's reaction from a hidden vantage point. She mentioned that there was chaos as people were running in all directions, soldiers entered the communities and were shooting in Bori. This experience, along with Saro-Wiwa's advocacy for the oppressed, motivated her to stand up for her people. She also noted that while many organizations were addressing the environmental damage, few were focusing on women's rights, who were disproportionately affected by oil pollution. She expressed that women in Ogoniland were constantly in a state of suffering and needed assistance to empower them. In Ogoniland, men typically engage in deep-sea fishing while women traditionally gather shellfish near the shore. Agbani explained that when there are no mangroves for shellfish, women become solely reliant on men, leading to an unhealthy dependence that often results in violence. She believed that the Ogoni people were responsible for caring for the environment passed down to them by their ancestors and future generations. It was difficult for her to witness young men in the community hindering and attempting to benefit from the women's work to restore it. She expressed frustration, stating that they did not truly comprehend the significance of environmental restoration. Before leaving, the leader of the group of young men threatened to take legal action against Agbani. She responded sarcastically, suggesting that she thought he was joking and that she would welcome a lawsuit. "That sounds like a promising opportunity." As she left Yaataah and drove along a rough road towards the nursery in Bodo, the driver quickly moved aside for a group of motorbikes heading towards the village. More young men were eager to make money, but they had missed their chance as Agbani was already leaving. | 2 |
Bangladesh, the world's second largest producer of jute after India, has seen a decline in demand for the "golden fibre". However, a Bangladeshi scientist has discovered a way to transform jute into low-cost biodegradable cellulose sheets, which can be used to create environmentally friendly disposable bags that closely resemble plastic ones. The scientist, Mubarak Ahmad Khan, who is a scientific adviser to the state-run Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC), and his team have developed these new 'sonali' bags, which are biodegradable within three months when buried in soil and can also be recycled. Currently, Bangladesh is producing 2,000 of these bags per day on a trial basis, with plans to increase commercial production following an agreement signed last October with the British subsidiary of a Japanese green packaging company. In March, Bangladesh's Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina expressed the need for the swift implementation of the golden bags project to reap economic and environmental benefits. In April, the government allocated approximately $900,000 from the country's climate change trust fund to support the mass production of these bags. Mamnur Rashid, BJMC's general manager, stated that they aim to start commercial production of the sonali bags within six months once the project is fully operational. Despite Bangladesh being one of the first countries to ban plastic bags in 2002, the ban has not been very effective in preventing their accumulation in water bodies and on land. Currently, over 60 countries, including China and France, have also implemented bans on plastic bags in certain regions or cities. As the bans on plastic widen, more than 100 Bangladeshi and international companies are interested in using the new jute-based shopping bags, according to Khan. He mentioned that he receives daily inquiries from buyers in various countries including Britain, Australia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and France. Sabuj Hossain, director of Dhaka-based export firm Eco Bangla Jute Limited, believes that there will be a significant demand for the bags worldwide and hopes to export 10 million bags per month in the future. Rashid from BJMC stated that commercial production is expected to begin towards the end of the year. Khan mentioned that even if all the jute produced in Bangladesh were used to make sacks, the country would only be able to meet a third of the expected demand. Despite Bangladesh's ban on plastic bags being in place for nearly twenty years, millions of bags are still used annually due to a lack of alternatives and weak enforcement. Dhaka alone uses around 410 million polythene bags each month, leading to environmental issues like layers of discarded bags in waterways. Quazi Sarwar Imtiaz Hashmi, a former official from the Department of Environment, believes that the new jute polymer bags will help reduce pollution as they are biodegradable and decomposable. | 2 |
Audrey Withers, the editor who commissioned it, appeared in the magazine’s November 1941 issue herself. She was seen with her staff in the basement of the magazine’s temporary headquarters on New Bond Street, wearing a plaid over-shirt and pillbox hat, putting the finishing touches on the issue amidst peeling walls and shattered glass. In the accompanying text, she declares, “Here is Vogue, in spite of it all,” with the power of a rallying cry. From the moment she took over as editor in 1940 at the age of 35, Withers was determined to provide readers with coverage of country houses and city fashion, while also addressing issues like food shortages and clothes rationing, all while offering glimpses of a nation and world at war. Despite being modest about her abilities, Withers rose through the ranks from a copy writer to editor, proving to be an unexpected but capable leader. In her autobiography "Lifespan," published in 1994, Audrey Withers acknowledged that she would not have been the right fit to edit Vogue at any other time in its history. However, her outspoken views on politics and social issues are finding resonance in today's world of pandemic, unemployment, and unrest. Withers' left-of-center politics and willingness to speak out against injustices are the focus of Julie Summers' biography "Dressed for War," which was released in February. Despite the challenges facing the publishing industry, Withers is being seen as a role model for a new generation in these turbulent times. In January 1960, Audrey Withers was photographed by Lord Snowdon and was once known as 'the most powerful woman in London'. After her death in 2001, she has found a kindred spirit in Edward Enninful, the current editor of British Vogue. Enninful, who champions inclusivity and social progress, featured three essential workers on the magazine's cover in his July issue - a train conductor, a midwife, and a supermarket clerk, along with others inside. This echoes a series by Irving Penn commissioned by Withers, which portrayed men and women in traditional blue-collar jobs. Enninful acknowledges that Vogue is not typically known for focusing on everyday life, but believes these women are the perfect representation of the millions of people in the UK who bravely worked during the pandemic. This tribute comes at a time of change for fashion magazines. Harper's Bazaar has announced that Samira Nasr, previously the executive fashion director of Vanity Fair, will be taking over as the new editor of the magazine following Glenda Bailey's departure in January. Nasr will be the first black editor of the publication. In a video announcing her new role, Nasr expressed her commitment to providing a platform for all voices to share stories that may have otherwise gone untold. Meanwhile, at American Vogue, Anna Wintour, editor in chief and artistic director of parent company Condé Nast, is facing calls for accountability on issues of race and class, which have been heightened during recent changes in leadership at Bon Appétit magazine. In his recent memoir, "The Chiffon Trenches," former Vogue mainstay André Leon Talley presents Anna Wintour, his former friend and boss, as cold and unfeeling, motivated primarily by a desire to maintain her power and influence. Despite her recent public support of Joe Biden and efforts to support designers during the pandemic, some believe it is time for a new leader in the fashion industry. Former editor Phillip Picardi suggests that a change in mindset is necessary for the industry to evolve. Picardi suggested that the idea of leadership in society needs to be reimagined. Some believe that expecting editors to lead conversations through words or pictures is unrealistic in today's world. With media becoming more democratic, authoritarian magazine editors may no longer be relevant. Samir Husni suggested that the era of celebrity editors is coming to an end. During times of turmoil, readers are increasingly trusting brands rather than individual editors, according to media consultant Michael Wolf. He believes that readers are not seeking editors as role models, but instead prefer someone like Diana Vreeland, who was driven by a strong sense of purpose rather than personal ambition. Vreeland argued that in times of crisis, fashion magazines should not ignore political issues. Withers wrote to Woolman Chase that giving tacit approval to the status quo is just as political as advocating for change. She reinforced this belief by sending journalists like Beaton and Lee Miller to the front lines. Withers, born in 1905 into a free-spirited family, was educated at Oxford and worked in a bookshop and publishing house before joining Vogue. Known as "Austerity" to staff, she encouraged readers to do more with less, urging them to grow their own food, preserve goods, and mend clothing instead of shopping. Withers led by example in her own wardrobe, rotating three suits and blouses for work, one wool dress for evenings, and casual attire off-duty. When restrictions were imposed on the materials used in civilian clothing, she sought advice from the British Board of Trade to create affordable utility fashions for her readers, emphasizing the importance of simplicity in fashion. She cleverly incorporated glowing accessories into her pages during London's blackouts and promoted short hairstyles for female factory workers to prevent accidents. She also assigned Miller to cover significant events such as the siege of Saint Malo, the liberation of Paris, and the death of Hitler, resulting in powerful and impactful photographs from war-torn Normandy. She recorded the events at Buchenwald, including the sight of emaciated bodies stacked up, but only published a small photo. Withers also had journalist Jane Stockwood report on the atrocities of Nazi occupation in France, including the shortages of basic necessities and the horrifying massacre at Oradour-sur-Glane. Summers notes that while this may not have been what Vogue readers expected, Audrey was determined to make them understand and continued to push for coverage of important issues. Picardi believes that separating political and social justice coverage from fashion magazines sends the message that these issues are not connected. The knowledge I have gained is that they are not. (c.2020 The New York Times Company) | 2 |
Lights were turned off at popular tourist sites and homes around the world on Saturday for Earth Hour 2009, a global event meant to bring attention to the dangers of climate change. Landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House, Eiffel Tower, and London's Houses of Parliament dimmed their lights as part of a campaign to encourage people to reduce energy consumption and limit greenhouse gas emissions. Organizers believe that this demonstration illustrates the desire of millions of people for governments to come up with a strong new U.N. agreement to combat global warming by the end of 2009, despite concerns about the costs due to the global economic crisis. Kim Carstensen, who leads a global climate initiative at WWF, expressed hope for a new climate deal during a candle-lit gathering in Bonn, Germany, where U.N. climate talks are being held. He mentioned that they were showing it to everyone who turned off their lights, while delegates and activists drank blue cocktails. The U.N. Climate Panel warns that greenhouse gas emissions are causing global warming, which will result in increased floods, droughts, heatwaves, rising sea levels, and the extinction of various animal and plant species. Global emissions have increased by approximately 70% since the 1970s. China has surpassed the United States as the largest emitter, followed by the European Union, Russia, and India. The U.N. Climate Panel is calling for rich nations to reduce their emissions to 25-40% below 1990 levels by 2020 to prevent the worst effects of global warming. Developing nations must also curb their emissions by 2020. Earth Hour, initiated by Australia in 2007 and expanded globally in 2008, drew 50 million participants. WWF, the organization behind the event, aims to involve one billion people from almost 90 countries. "The main reason we participate in Earth Hour is to encourage people to consider how they can reduce their carbon footprint, even if only for an hour, and hopefully continue to make changes beyond that hour," said Andy Ridley, the executive director of Earth Hour, during a press conference at Bondi Beach in Sydney. In Asia, famous landmarks in China, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines dimmed their lights as people enjoyed candle-lit picnics and concerts. In Singapore, buildings in the business district and major landmarks like the Singapore Flyer turned off their lights. Other iconic landmarks around the world that participated in Earth Hour included the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, the Reserve Bank in Mumbai, the dome of St Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Great Pyramids in Egypt, and the Acropolis in Athens. | 2 |
The conservative state is currently one of the few EU members that do not allow marriage or civil partnerships for same sex couples. Supporters of the proposal, such as the Orthodox Church and most parliamentary parties, want to amend the constitution to define marriage as exclusively between a man and a woman to prevent same sex couples from marrying in the future. Many human rights groups are urging people to boycott the vote, warning that approving the change could lead to further erosion of minority rights and a move towards populism and authoritarianism. A recent poll showed a turnout of 34 percent, above the required 30 percent threshold, with 90 percent in favor of the amendment. The Coalition for the Family gathered 3 million signatures in support of the change. The lower house of parliament approved the referendum last year, with the senate following suit in September, marking the final stage needed for the referendum to proceed. Some Coalition campaign posters encouraged people to vote "Yes" in order to protect family values and prevent gay couples from adopting children. Another advertisement warned that a "No" vote could result in a man marrying a tree. The leader of the ruling Social Democrat Party (PSD), Liviu Dragnea, expressed concerns about the possibility of legalizing marriage between a man and an animal in Romania, citing examples from other countries. In the days leading up to the vote, the government relaxed anti-fraud measures and limited options for challenging the results, while the broadcasting regulator removed a deadline for campaigning. The independent think tank Expert Forum (EFOR) stated that there are no effective methods to confirm fraud in the referendum, leading to a lack of trust in the fairness of the process. Some opposition figures believe that the ruling party (PSD) is using the vote to distract from the legal issues of its leader and conflicts with the European Commission. Former Prime Minister Dacian Ciolos accused the government of trying to create anti-European sentiment to protect Liviu Dragnea. The government denies these claims, while the Orthodox Church supports a "Yes" vote as Christian, democratic, and patriotic. Romania legalized homosexuality in 2001, much later than neighboring countries, and discrimination against the LGBT community is widespread. The image is titled "Romania 1+2" and shows Romanian clergymen participating in a rally to support a "Yes" vote on an upcoming referendum. The referendum proposes changes to the constitution to prevent the future recognition of same-sex marriages. This event took place in Draganesti, Romania on October 4, 2018. The information was reported by REUTERS. | 2 |
He addressed a prominent CSR conference in Germany, emphasizing the importance of various stakeholders in promoting ethical practices. He mentioned the roles of politicians, buyers, factory owners, and customers in ensuring compliance and sustainability. The BGCCI is the biggest bilateral chamber in Bangladesh and the 11th German CSR Forum took place in Stuttgart on April 20 and 21, being a key event in Germany for discussions on Corporate Social Responsibility. The BGCCI organized a forum with the theme "Without CSR no business success," which was attended by over 800 participants from various sectors. Awards were given in six categories for outstanding practices, including CO2 reduction, gender diversity, collaboration with NGOs, CSR in the supply chain, sustainable urban development, and best video on a company's CSR efforts. Germany is a key market for Bangladeshi garments, which have duty-free access. The conference also focused on the supply chain of ready-made garments in Bangladesh. It was recommended by BGCCI that in addition to following policy guidelines, there should be an improvement in standards within the supply chain. Jan Eggert, a sustainability consultant and former CEO of BSCI, pointed out that companies often have their products manufactured by independent firms overseas, making it difficult to ensure that standards are being met. The Executive Director of BGCCI emphasized the need for a shift in focus from price to sustainability in order to establish long-term successful business models. | 2 |
The topic of immigration is a major focus of political discussions leading up to the presidential elections in five months. Candidates from both the left and right are taking firm stances on the issue. The recent tragedy of 27 migrants drowning off the coast of France has intensified calls for stricter immigration policies. However, despite the strong rhetoric from politicians, the reality is that France has a lower percentage of immigrants compared to its neighboring countries. Immigration rates in France have actually decreased in the past decade, in contrast to the rest of Europe and other wealthy nations. According to migration expert François Héran, the situation in France is relatively average and moderate. Politicians in France are considering measures such as a moratorium on immigration, holding a referendum, or closing borders, despite the fact that the country is not overwhelmed by immigration. This is in contrast to other wealthy nations like Germany and Australia, which are attracting migrant workers to address labour shortages caused by the pandemic. While French businesses are facing worker shortages, politicians are focused on increasing wages rather than allowing more immigrants into the country. The discussion around immigration in France often revolves around national identity and fears of threats posed by Muslim immigrants from Africa, rather than focusing on the economic benefits of immigration. These concerns have had a cumulative impact in France, leading to a situation where embracing immigration has become political suicide, hindering necessary reforms to attract skilled workers from other countries, and causing the country, once a global crossroads, to turn inward. The collapse of the left and the rise of the far right over the past 15 years have shifted the political landscape, with extreme right parties shaping the debate even if they may not win elections. Candidates from the main center-right party are advocating for tighter border control and stricter criteria for immigrants to receive social benefits. Some have even proposed changes to the constitution to allow for a temporary halt on immigration. On the left, most candidates have chosen to remain silent on the issue, but one former economy minister has pledged to block remittances sent by migrants back to their home countries if those countries refuse to repatriate their citizens who are in France illegally. The suggestion came after President Emmanuel Macron announced his plan to reduce the number of visas granted to citizens of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. Far-right figure Éric Zemmour, who recently declared his candidacy for the upcoming presidential elections, has expressed concern that immigration from Muslim countries poses a threat to France's Christian heritage and survival. Zemmour's candidacy has brought the once-taboo topic of the "great replacement" conspiracy theory, which accuses politicians like Macron of using immigration to replace white, Christian individuals, into the election discussions. Zemmour has accused past French administrations of concealing the truth about the country's replacement and has criticized Macron for allegedly wanting to merge France with Europe and Africa. While some center-right candidates have refrained from fully endorsing the concept of replacement, they have acknowledged that it presents a genuine issue for France. A recent poll showed that 61% of French respondents believe that Muslim immigrants will replace Europe's white and Christian population, a phenomenon known as the "great replacement." This contrasts with the recent elections in Germany, where immigration was not a significant issue despite the country leading Europe in accepting refugees. Jean-Christophe Dumont, from the OECD, noted that immigration was not a major topic in the German campaign, in stark contrast to the French obsession with the issue. In reality, France has a lower percentage of immigrants in its population compared to the average of OECD nations. Between 2010 and 2020, the proportion of immigrants in Germany's population increased by 16%, while in France, the number of immigrants from northern Africa decreased after a period of economic growth in the mid-1970s. The rise of the far-right National Front, now known as the National Rally, made immigration a controversial topic in French politics. In recent years, new immigration has been primarily driven by foreign students and family reunifications, rather than migrant workers. According to economist Auriol, immigrants are now being accepted into France not for employment purposes, but to be with their spouses. France's immigration population is not as diverse as in other wealthy countries, with over 40% of arrivals in 2019 coming from Africa, particularly Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. This lack of diversity, along with the concentration of new immigrants in cities like Paris, contributes to immigration-related anxieties. Historian Patrick Weil, who teaches at Panthéon-Sorbonne University and Yale, explains that immigration in France is closely tied to its colonial history, particularly in Algeria and other Muslim nations, making it a more contentious issue than in the United States where immigration and religion are separate. According to economist Auriol, fears about immigration and threats to France's Christian heritage from the right wing make it very challenging to have conversations about reforming immigration policies to attract qualified foreign immigrants. Auriol stated that current immigration policies are hindering economic growth and recovery from the pandemic. While some minor changes have been made recently, they are not enough to attract the motivated and skilled immigrants that France needs for innovation and new perspectives. Auriol also mentioned that France's anti-immigrant sentiment results in few citizens from other European Union countries moving to France and a low retention rate of foreign students after graduation. "In the 20th century, Paris was a hub for talented individuals from around the world," she remarked. "Immigrants played a significant role in France's economic, scientific, and cultural achievements. We used to be a welcoming nation. What caused our change?" © 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Myanmar's government has signed a cease-fire agreement with ethnic Karen rebels in an attempt to end one of the longest-running insurgencies in the world. This is part of the government's efforts to resolve conflicts with separatist groups. The agreement includes 11 points and two broad agreements to stop hostilities between the military and the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) and to begin discussions for a political resolution to the 62-year conflict. This cease-fire could potentially lead to the lifting of sanctions imposed on Myanmar by the European Union and the United States, as peace with ethnic militias is a requirement for a review of the embargoes. Despite several peace talks since 1949, no lasting agreement has been reached. The deputy leader of the KNU delegation, Saw David Htaw, stated that the changing climate in Myanmar under its new reform-oriented government has made dialogue inevitable. He expressed great confidence in the ongoing talks, stating that given the current global situation, peace negotiations are now inevitable and cannot be avoided. He emphasized the importance of moving forward through these talks successfully, noting that the people have suffered from the consequences of war for a long time. He expressed optimism that the news of the peace talks would bring joy to the people and hoped that they would finally be able to experience the benefits of peace. Since 1949, the KNU has been fighting for greater autonomy through its military wing, the KNLA, against successive governments in Myanmar. Saw David Htaw commended the government's peace negotiators for being "honest and sincere." In addition to the issue of sanctions, achieving peace with the KNU is crucial for Myanmar's economic interests. The possibility of renewed conflict poses a security threat that could disrupt the construction of the $50 billion Dawei Special Industrial Zone, which is set to become Southeast Asia's largest industrial estate and a significant source of income for the impoverished country. Previous government offensives have forced hundreds of thousands of Karens to flee their villages, with many seeking refuge in camps in neighboring Thailand, which has struggled to manage the influx of refugees. Myanmar's military has been accused of mistreating the Karens and other ethnic groups through various human rights violations such as rape, forced labor, torture, and murder. The West has responded by imposing strict sanctions. Agreements made in Pa-an in eastern Kayin State aim to resettle and rehabilitate displaced individuals, allow arms in specific areas, clear landmines, and establish liaison offices for communication. These discussions were part of ongoing dialogues between the government and rebel groups along Myanmar's borders with Thailand and China. An agreement has been made with Shan State Army (South), but talks with the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) have been disrupted by ongoing fighting, despite a recent order from President Thein Sein to halt military operations. U.S. officials believe that achieving peace may be the most difficult task for civilian leaders who are working to transition the nation after decades of military rule. The rebels remain wary of Thein Sein's government, which includes many from the old military regime, but they support Aung San Suu Kyi's vision of federalism in Myanmar, a concept endorsed by her father, Aung San. | 2 |
Even though vaccines are highly effective in preventing serious illness from COVID-19, recent headlines about breakthrough infections and updated guidelines on mask-wearing for vaccinated individuals have caused confusion and concern. While research has shown that vaccinated individuals can still get infected and carry high levels of the virus, such cases are rare compared to the unvaccinated who are more likely to spread the virus. Vaccination remains crucial in protecting oneself and others, according to Gregg Gonsalves, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health. It's important to recognize that no vaccine provides complete immunity, even against variants like Delta. Erin Bromage, a biology professor at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, explains that vaccine antibodies can be compared to a sea wall that protects a town from a storm surge. While the wall usually holds up against waves, a powerful hurricane could cause some water to seep through. The Delta variant of the virus is like a viral hurricane, being highly infectious and posing a significant challenge even to vaccinated individuals. Although vaccinations provide additional protection, they may not always be sufficient when faced with a strong threat, such as being in close proximity to an unvaccinated individual with a high viral load. However, the current vaccines available in the United States are effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death. Over 97 percent of individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 have not been vaccinated. Recent data from Singapore indicates that vaccinated individuals who are hospitalized with delta breakthrough infections are less likely to require supplemental oxygen and clear the virus faster than unvaccinated patients. While breakthrough infections do occur, they are still rare. Despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention no longer tracking all breakthrough cases, approximately half of states provide some data on these occurrences. The Kaiser Family Foundation recently examined state-reported data and discovered that breakthrough cases, hospitalizations, and deaths are highly uncommon among individuals who have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. The rate of breakthrough cases among fully vaccinated individuals is less than 1% in all reporting states, with numbers ranging from 0.01% in Connecticut to 0.29% in Alaska, as per the Kaiser analysis. However, many breakthrough infections may go unreported as infected individuals may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms that resolve before they consider getting tested. Dr. Asaf Bitton, executive director of Ariadne Labs at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, stated that although breakthrough infections are rare, without a population-based sample, it is difficult to determine their exact frequency. It is uncertain if many individuals who experienced a mild sore throat for a couple of days actually had breakthrough cases of COVID-19. The occurrence of breakthrough cases is not a failure of the vaccine, as it has been estimated that the vaccine campaign has prevented 100,000 to 200,000 deaths. The risk of a breakthrough infection increases when individuals are exposed to the Delta variant multiple times, such as in large events like the July 4 celebration in Provincetown, Massachusetts, or the Lollapalooza concert in Chicago. The more people one comes into contact with, the higher the risk of infection, depending on the local risk level. In the near future, there may be a surge in Lollapalooza cases due to the large crowds creating an ideal environment for the delta variant to spread. The CDC's color-coded map of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States shows that people should wear masks in orange or red zones, where cases in the past week exceeded 50 cases per 100,000 people. Currently, approximately 80 percent of counties in the United States fall into these higher risk zones. Infection rates are still low in the Northeast and Upper Midwest, but the delta variant has led to significant increases in cases in Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Florida. The issue with relying on a map for case counts is that the numbers can change rapidly, potentially leading to a surge in cases in your local area before the map is updated. Even if you are confident that your community is highly vaccinated with low case counts, it is important to also consider the situation in nearby communities, as people and viruses can easily cross state and county lines. While most experts believe it is unnecessary to wear a mask outdoors if you are not in a crowd and are at least 6 feet away from others whose vaccination status is unknown, attending a crowded outdoor event still carries risk and wearing a mask is advisable in such situations. J Alex Huffman, an aerosol scientist and associate professor at the University of Denver, recommends wearing a mask indoors with people whose vaccination status is unknown, especially if you will be close to them for an extended period. While he is fully vaccinated and doesn't always wear a mask indoors, he opts for an N95 mask in public spaces. For maximum protection, consider upgrading to a high-quality medical mask like an N95 or KN95. A KF94 mask from Korea is another good option, as counterfeits are less common. If you don't have a medical mask, double masking with a surgical mask underneath a cloth mask can still provide strong protection. Wearing a mask with an exhale valve is not recommended because it can allow viral particles to escape, and counterfeit masks with faulty valves may let germs in. It is important to choose the appropriate mask based on the setting. A cloth mask may suffice for a brief visit to an empty convenience store in a highly vaccinated area, but a higher-quality mask is more appropriate for air travel or crowded grocery stores, especially in communities with low vaccination rates and high case counts. Masks with straps or ties around the back of the head provide a tighter seal compared to masks with ear loops. Huffman emphasized the need for improved mitigation efforts, including the use of high-quality masks that fit tightly to the face, to combat the delta variant. He recommended ensuring the mask is sealed well around the edges, such as over the nose bridge, by the cheeks, and under the chin. According to Huffman, a tightly fitting mask is more effective than a loose-fitting one. Vaccinated individuals have a very low risk of contracting the virus when they are in the company of their vaccinated friends and family without masks. Wearing a mask is not seen as essential in such situations, according to Huffman. However, certain situations may call for additional precautions. Although it is uncommon for a vaccinated person to transmit the virus to another vaccinated individual, there is still a theoretical possibility. A vaccinated individual who frequents crowded places like bars, concerts, or COVID hotspots poses a higher risk compared to someone who avoids crowds and primarily interacts with other vaccinated individuals. With the spread of the delta variant, Bitton recommends prioritizing outdoor gatherings, especially for families with unvaccinated children or high-risk family members. Holding events in a backyard or patio and limiting time indoors can reduce the risk of transmission. Spending time with small groups of vaccinated friends is safer than attending large parties, even if everyone is believed to be vaccinated. When indoors, opening windows for better ventilation is advised. For individuals at very high risk, such as the elderly or immunocompromised, it is reasonable to request that even vaccinated people get tested before visiting. One option is to provide guests with a quick and easy home test to ensure that everyone is free of COVID. Whether or not it is safe to dine at restaurants depends on factors such as local conditions, your comfort level with risk, and the health of those around you. Communities with high vaccination rates and low case counts have the lowest risk. For example, dining at a restaurant in Vermont, where two-thirds of the population is vaccinated, is less risky than dining indoors in Alabama or Mississippi, where only one-third of residents are vaccinated. Parents of unvaccinated children and individuals with compromised immune systems, who may not receive full protection from vaccines according to studies, may choose to order takeout or eat outside as an extra measure of safety. Is it advisable to travel? Should I avoid peanuts and water and continue wearing my mask? While airplanes are usually well ventilated and not a significant source of outbreaks, it is still wise to take precautions. The risk of coming into contact with an infected individual may be higher in airport terminals, while sitting in airport restaurants and bars, or going through security. In airplanes, the air is exchanged approximately every two to three minutes, which is faster than in grocery stores and other indoor environments. Passengers are required to wear masks on airplanes but can remove them to eat or drink. Airplane ventilation systems limit airflow to a few rows to prevent the spread of air throughout the cabin, meaning that an infected passenger is most likely to infect those nearby. Experts recommend using high-quality medical masks, such as N95 or KF94, when flying. If you do not possess a mask, it is recommended to wear two masks. The risk of taking off a mask briefly to eat or drink during a flight is low for a vaccinated individual, but it is better to keep it on as much as possible. The CDC recommends that unvaccinated individuals, including children, should avoid flying. Bromage shared that he recently flew and removed his mask briefly to drink a beverage, but kept it on for the majority of the flight. He expressed that he would feel more at ease taking off his mask to eat if he was aware that the individuals next to him were vaccinated. He mentioned that he would be more worried if the person beside him appeared to be unconcerned about COVID precautions or wearing their mask incorrectly. He suggested keeping the mask on, especially when seated next to a talkative individual. The safety of buses, subways, and trains for vaccinated individuals depends on the continued requirement for masks on public transportation. Even though vaccinated people are highly protected, the risk of exposure to the virus rises with longer rides and more crowded conditions on public transportation. Many individuals rely on public transportation to commute to work or school, and it is advisable to wear a properly fitted medical mask or double mask while using it. If public transit is not a necessity, one should take into account local vaccination rates and the trend of case counts before deciding to ride. As for hugging and visiting older relatives or unvaccinated children, it is generally safe for vaccinated individuals to embrace and socialize without masks. However, parents of unvaccinated children need to carefully consider the risks, especially when visiting older family members. In areas where there are few cases of COVID-19 and many people are vaccinated, it is generally considered safe for unvaccinated children from one household to visit vaccinated grandparents. However, with the spread of the delta variant and children going back to school, the risk of close contact increases for older or immunocompromised individuals who are more susceptible to severe illness from COVID-19, even if they are vaccinated. When families plan a visit to a high-risk relative, it is recommended to minimize other exposures by avoiding activities like dining out or going to the gym in the week leading up to the visit. Even though the chances of a vaccinated person spreading the virus are low, vaccinated grandparents should also reduce their own exposure when spending time with unvaccinated children. One aerosol scientist, Huffman, mentioned that they do not wear masks indoors around their elderly parents yet, but are still cautious about wearing masks in public places. "If I had more interactions that increased my overall risk of exposure, I would strongly consider wearing a mask when indoors with vulnerable individuals. Rapid home tests are an additional precaution when visiting grandparents or immune-compromised family members. It is recommended to take a test a few days before the visit and also on the day of the visit. Home tests are a good option for those feeling anxious about the virus at the moment. Testing before coming together allows for peace of mind and enjoyment of time spent together." If you test positive for COVID-19 in the US, it is highly likely that you have the delta variant, according to the CDC. The delta variant is now the most common strain in the US, accounting for over 82% of cases. This variant has also become dominant in several other countries, with the World Health Organization reporting that it makes up 75% or more of cases in countries such as Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, China, Denmark, India, Indonesia, Israel, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and the UK. However, traditional COVID tests cannot determine if your infection is specifically caused by the delta variant or another strain of the virus. Although health departments can utilize genomic sequencing to detect the prevalence of various variants in a population, this data is usually not disclosed to individuals. It is still important for individuals to isolate and consult a healthcare professional if they experience low blood oxygen levels, difficulty breathing, or other concerning symptoms. | 2 |
In a speech in Tokyo on Monday, former US Vice President Al Gore suggested that Japan's top business lobby could influence policy change on global warming by sending a strong message to its counterparts in the United States. Gore spoke to executives at the Keidanren (Japanese Business Federation) as part of a campaign to promote his documentary film 'An Inconvenient Truth,' which is premiering in Japan this week. Gore emphasized the potential impact of the Japanese business community's respected reputation on shaping opinions within the US business community, and urged Keidanren members to convey a powerful message to big businesses in the United States. He noted that a change in US business opinions could lead to a change in US policy on global warming, referencing the country's withdrawal from the Kyoto protocol in 2008. The US had argued that the agreement would be detrimental to its economy. The Japanese government, as the host of the 1997 talks that created the protocol, has been encouraging major polluters like the United States, China, and India to do more to address climate change. During a recent visit to Europe by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Japan reiterated this plea. Despite Japan's own greenhouse gas emissions increasing slightly in the year up to March 2006, and falling short of its emission reduction target, former Vice President Al Gore believes that Japanese corporations have a crucial role to play in leading the global business community towards finding solutions to the climate crisis. Gore emphasized that Japan's commitment to being part of the solution could be instrumental in successfully addressing this issue. More than 330 cities in the US have expressed their support for the Kyoto protocol, indicating grassroots backing for its goals, according to Gore. The former presidential candidate did not respond to media inquiries on Monday. None of the business leaders present at the event inquired about speculations regarding a potential presidential run following his environmental campaign. | 2 |
This is where the melting face emoji becomes relevant. It is one of 37 new emojis approved by the Unicode Consortium this year, alongside emojis like saluting face, dotted line face, and a disco ball. These emojis will be released gradually over the next year. The melting face emoji, with its content half-smile even as it dissolves into a puddle, has already gained popularity on social media as a symbol of the immense psychological impact of the coronavirus pandemic. One Twitter user described the melting smiley face emoji as representative of the current pandemic mood, while others saw it as a symbol of climate anxiety. Another user predicted that the new emoji would be frequently used in the era of climate change apocalypse. The melting face emoji was created in 2019 by Jennifer Daniel and Neil Cohn, who bonded over their shared love for visual language. Daniel, who goes by they/them pronouns, is a creative director at Google and a member of the emoji subcommittee for Unicode, while Cohn is an associate professor at Tilburg University in the Netherlands specializing in cognition and communication. Cohn's research on representations of emotion in Japanese Visual Language, particularly the concept of "paperification" where characters in manga turn into paper when embarrassed, intrigued Daniel. This led them to create a new emoji, the melting face, to capture this visual convention as they found it more impactful than turning into paper. Cohn pointed out that many face emojis are influenced by conventions in comics and manga, with expressions borrowed from these visual cultures. The first emojis were created in 1999 by a Japanese artist named Shigetaka Kurita, who drew inspiration from manga. These emojis were intended to make text-based communication easier, as NTT Docomo, a Japanese mobile phone company, had a 250-character limit on messages sent through its mobile internet service. The original set of 176 emojis designed by Kurita is now featured in the permanent collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Despite the absence of character restrictions today, emojis continue to provide a quick and flexible way to convey emotions that surpasses the capabilities of words. The melting face emoji is a prime example of this. In a literal sense, emojis can represent feelings like the discomfort of a broken air conditioner. In a figurative sense, they can convey emotions such as embarrassment, exhaustion, or sarcasm. According to Cohn, emojis tap into a shared understanding of metaphors, like the idea of melting, that can be applied to various emotions. Emojis are designed to be used in versatile and nuanced ways, similar to how words can be used in different contexts. Visual language is more flexible than words, as illustrations have the ability to convey ideas that reality cannot. For example, the concept of a "melting face" can be interpreted in various ways, some of which can be very moving. While emojis may not have deep meanings on their own, their significance comes from how they are used. Graphic designer Erik Carter, who created a sample image of a melting face, emphasized the importance of interpretation in creating profound messages. Carter expressed that a lot of people may be experiencing feelings of hopelessness due to issues such as climate change and the lack of action from the government. He mentioned that at times, it may seem like the only thing we can do is smile as we face these challenges. | 2 |
The artists Lina Lapelyte, Vaiva Grainyte and Rugile Barzdziukaite won the Golden Lion for best national participation at the Biennale with their piece "Sun & Sea (Marina)", surpassing 89 other national pavilions. This marks the second consecutive win for a performance piece, following the German pavilion's victory in 2017 with Anne Imhof's "Faust." Meanwhile, American artist and filmmaker Arthur Jafa received the Golden Lion for best participant in the central exhibition for his film "The White Album" and a series of sculptures featuring truck tires in chains. Catherine Wood, a senior curator at the Tate in London, expressed agreement with the choice of winners. Wood described the Lithuanian pavilion as having a clever way of showcasing people's everyday activities and leisure, such as lying on towels, playing board games, and chatting, while also addressing important issues like ecological disaster and species extinction. She noted that the pavilion's combination of pedestrian movement and storytelling created a mix of joy and melancholy. The curator of the pavilion, Lucia Pietroiusti, who also works at the Serpentine Galleries in London, encouraged museums to think creatively and move away from traditional exhibition formats in order to open up new possibilities. She criticized the tendency to specialize and create narrow niches within the art world. Then we come across significant disastrous events such as climate change or the extinction of species, and we must discover additional methods to establish connections. | 2 |
Myanmar's military arrested more individuals on Wednesday following the departure of a UN envoy who visited the country to address the brutal crackdown on protests that had caused international outrage. Witnesses reported that at least eight truckloads of prisoners were taken from downtown Yangon, where last week's protests against military rule and economic hardship had taken place. In one house near the Shwedagon Pagoda, only a 13-year-old girl remained after her parents were arrested. She mentioned that they were warned not to escape as the authorities might return. The crackdown persisted despite some optimism regarding the progress of UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari's efforts to persuade junta chief Than Shwe to ease his control and engage in talks with detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Singapore, as the chair of ASEAN, expressed satisfaction with the Myanmar government's cooperation with Gambari. Gambari, on his way back to New York via Singapore, was set to return to Myanmar in early November, according to UN sources. However, it was uncertain how his mission and international pressure could impact the junta's policies, as they typically ignore outside pressure and rarely admit UN officials. Expectations for significant results from these efforts were low. Georgetown University expert on Myanmar, David Steinberg, believes that the top leadership in Myanmar is too set in their ways to be influenced by outside opinions. He pointed out that the junta claims to be on the path to democracy and questions what more people could want. Steinberg mentioned the junta's "seven-step road to democracy," with the first step being completed in September. This step involved ending a 14-year national convention, which critics argue will further entrench military rule and prevent Suu Kyi from holding office. The recent protests, which have been the largest challenge to the junta's authority in two decades, began as small demonstrations against fuel price increases but escalated after troops used force against a group of monks. The military government stated that they used minimal force to counter the monk-led protests that spread across five city blocks, and claimed that cities like Yangon had returned to normal. The junta reported that 10 people were killed, dismissing other reports of higher casualties and atrocities as false. However, Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer agreed with other Western nations that the actual death toll was likely much higher than the official number of 30. Despite this, the junta believes that they have successfully quelled the uprising, removing barricades around key protest sites and easing curfew restrictions. Some monks who were detained in monastery raids were released, with one monk mentioning that 80 out of the 96 detained from his monastery were allowed to return after verbal threats but no physical harm during questioning. Witnesses reported that despite a heavy armed presence in the streets of Yangon and Mandalay, the second largest city, the junta was still sending gangs to search for hiding monks in homes. These raids, labeled as creating a climate of terror by Western diplomats, continued to fuel international anger over the harsh response to peaceful protests. In Geneva, the UN Human Rights Council, which includes China, condemned the regime's violent repression and urged the generals to allow the UN human rights envoy to Myanmar to visit for the first time in four years. The envoy reported that thousands of people had been detained. Pinheiro emphasized the importance of revealing the truth about the events that occurred, stating this during the council meeting where a resolution condemning violent acts in Myanmar was adopted. The country accused powerful nations of using the hearing for political gain. | 2 |
The 95-year-old queen, who has been fully vaccinated against coronavirus, recently joked to Palace staff about her limited mobility, and she spent a night in the hospital last October for an unspecified illness. The Palace announced today that she has tested positive for COVID-19 and is experiencing mild cold-like symptoms. Despite this, she plans to continue her light duties at Windsor in the coming week. The Palace stated that she will receive medical attention and follow all necessary guidelines. Prince Charles, 73, the heir to the throne, had previously contracted COVID-19 for a second time and had to withdraw from an event earlier this month. A source from the Palace mentioned that he had recently met with the queen. Elizabeth, the oldest monarch in the world, quietly celebrated the 70th anniversary of her reign as the queen of Britain and several other realms, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Elizabeth ascended to the throne on Feb. 6, 1952, following the death of her father, King George VI, while she was in Kenya on an international tour. She is the first British monarch to have ruled for seven decades in a dynasty that dates back almost 1,000 years to Norman King William I and his conquest of England in 1066. Throughout her historic reign, Elizabeth has managed to uphold the popularity of the British monarchy despite significant political, social, and cultural changes that could have rendered royalty outdated. When she took the throne, Josef Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Harry Truman were leading the Soviet Union, China, and the United States, respectively, with Winston Churchill as the British prime minister. Throughout her reign, she has seen 14 prime ministers, including Churchill, serve in Britain - a quarter of the total number since Robert Walpole's time 300 years ago. In that same period, there have been 14 U.S. presidents, all of whom she has met except for Lyndon Johnson. Queen Elizabeth's steadfast dedication to her duties has earned her admiration and support in the UK and the wider Commonwealth, contrasting with the scandals that have plagued other members of the royal family. "Wishing Her Majesty The Queen good health and a speedy recovery," said opposition Labour Party leader Keir Starmer. "Although public support for her remains strong, with approximately four out of five Britons holding a positive opinion, the monarchy has faced several challenges. These include a U.S. sex abuse case against her son Prince Andrew, which has raised concerns about the monarchy's long-term future. Last week, Andrew settled a lawsuit with Virginia Giuffre, who accused him of sexually abusing her when she was a teenager. Andrew, who was connected to Jeffrey Epstein, has denied the allegations. British police have also begun investigating reports that honours were given to a Saudi national in exchange for donations to one of Prince Charles's charities." | 2 |
Russian authorities conducted a raid on a property company owned by the wife of Moscow's former mayor in connection to an investigation into alleged embezzlement and misuse of city funds related to a $440 million land deal. The raid on Inteko, a property developer, marks the beginning of scrutiny on the business empire of Yelena Baturina, the wife of ousted Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov. OMON riot police and individuals in plain clothes arrived at the office and took the management with them, according to an anonymous Inteko employee. Additionally, police searched Bank of Moscow and the homes of its bank directors as part of the embezzlement probe. Investigators suspect employees at Bank of Moscow and Premiere Estate used a 13 billion roubles ($444 million) loan to embezzle funds that ultimately went into Baturina's personal account. The removal of Luzhkov and the appointment of Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, who is allied with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, resulted in capital outflows from Russia and a decrease in the value of the rouble. This change also led to shifts in ownership of assets controlled by the city, such as Bank of Moscow, which state-controlled VTB is attempting to acquire. Baturina, who has a controlling stake in Inteko, was involved in a land deal that sparked a probe in December, where a 13 billion rouble loan was used to purchase land from her debt-ridden company. Inteko and Baturina were not named as suspects in the investigation, and there was no suggestion of any wrongdoing on their part. Baturina criticized the raid, saying it was a tactic to put pressure on her and her company, Inteko. The spokesman for Inteko also stated that there are no criminal cases against the company or its employees and leadership. Baturina, whose wealth was estimated at $1.1 billion this year, and Luzhkov have faced allegations of corruption, which they have denied. Businessmen believe corruption is most prevalent in the construction sector, where decisions from the mayor's office play a significant role. Despite accusations that his wife received preferential treatment during his time as Moscow's mayor, Luzhkov has denied these claims. The presence of riot police with automatic weapons at Baturina's company suggests that her business empire is being targeted by powerful groups within the elite, following Luzhkov's confrontation with Kremlin chief Dmitry Medvedev. Going against the Kremlin is extremely risky for any wealthy individual in Russia, as they often end up losing their wealth, being prosecuted, and eventually leaving the country. President Medvedev has pledged to enhance the business environment and protect property rights, but investors believe that the main obstacle for businesses in Russia is the inconsistent enforcement of laws. | 2 |
The period of shared sorrow and outrage quickly transitioned into a yearlong, nationwide discussion on the Black experience in America. Initially starting with protests that grew in size daily, these demonstrations eventually became the largest protest movement in U.S. history. Approximately 170 Confederate symbols were either renamed or taken down from public areas, and the Black Lives Matter motto was adopted by a nation struggling to come to terms with Floyd's death. In the following 11 months, demands for racial equality would impact nearly every facet of American society, reaching a level not seen since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, according to historians. Derek Chauvin, the white police officer who kneeled on Floyd, was found guilty of two counts of murder and manslaughter on Tuesday. The verdict brought some comfort to activists fighting for racial justice, who had been closely following the trial. However, many Black Americans still feel that true change is out of reach, especially with the ongoing killings of Black men by the police, such as the recent death of Daunte Wright. There are also concerns about backlash, with Republican-led state legislatures introducing laws that restrict voting access, protect the police, and criminalize public protests. Otis Moss III, a pastor in Chicago, believes that calling the events of the past year a racial reckoning would be inaccurate. He stated that we are struggling to rethink various aspects of society, such as criminal justice, food deserts, and health disparities, but we have not yet taken action. He believes the guilty verdict in the trial is just addressing a symptom and not the root cause of the issue. Before the verdict was announced, Derrick Johnson compared George Floyd's death to a pivotal moment in Selma, Alabama in 1965 that led to the passing of the Voting Rights Act. He believes Floyd's death should serve as a catalyst for comprehensive reform in policing. The Floyd case unfolded amidst the backdrop of the coronavirus pandemic, which highlighted racial disparities in the country. Many saw Floyd's death as emblematic of a series of racial incidents over the past decade, including the deaths of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, and Breonna Taylor. Since Floyd's death, there have been some concrete changes implemented. Numerous policing reform laws were proposed at the state level, with corporations committing significant funds to initiatives promoting racial equity. The NFL issued an apology for not supporting protests against police violence by its Black players. The response to these events was distinct, as racist remarks made by various public figures in relation to George Floyd's death resulted in repercussions such as losing their positions and attending anti-racism training. Initially, American attitudes towards racial inequality and policing underwent a noticeable shift, uncommon in opinion polls. Americans, especially white Americans, have shown increased support for the Black Lives Matter movement, acknowledging racial discrimination as a significant issue and recognizing that excessive police force disproportionately affects African Americans. George Floyd's death was seen as part of a larger pattern rather than an isolated incident, with over 1 in 10 registered voters attending protests according to a New York Times poll in June. Even Republican politicians in Washington were advocating for police reform at the time, but this support was short-lived for Republicans, both in leadership and among voters. As some protests turned violent and Donald Trump's reelection campaign began using those scenes in political ads, polls indicated that white Republicans were changing their views on discrimination. Throughout the campaign, voters were forced to choose between supporting racial equality or law and order. Republican officials who had previously spoken out about the death of George Floyd remained silent. Patrick Murray, the director of the Monmouth University Polling Institute, explained that the Republican message shifted to avoid losing support from their base. Their worldview became focused on an "us against them" mentality. And the protesters will be included in them.' Floyd's death did prompt some changes among non-Republican white Americans in their recognition of racial inequality and support for reforms, at least temporarily. It also solidified the shift of college-educated suburban voters, already disheartened by what they perceived as Trump's racially divisive tactics, toward the Democratic Party. David Bailey, founder of the Richmond, Virginia organization Arrabon, which assists churches nationwide in racial reconciliation efforts, described 2020 as a significant and transformative period in history. He noted that people's attitudes have shifted to some extent, although the full implications remain unclear. However, there is hope for change, as some Democratic leaders, including local mayors and President Joe Biden, have expressed concern over police violence while also cautioning protesters to avoid violence. The connection between Black political anger and violence is deeply ingrained in American society, according to Davin Phoenix, a political scientist at the University of California, Irvine. He believes that Black people are often prevented from processing their trauma and grief before being told by elected officials not to engage in certain actions. Phoenix suggests that politicians should also hold police accountable and issue similar warnings to them. The protests following Floyd's death became a contentious topic in American politics, with some instances of looting and property damage overshadowing the majority of peaceful demonstrations. Republicans pointed to the protests as evidence of the left's lack of control. Last autumn, Blue Lives Matter flags were displayed on homes. When support for Trump turned violent at the US Capitol on January 6, conservatives were upset over what they saw as a double standard in how the two movements were handled. Biden, upon taking office in January, promised to prioritize racial equity in all aspects of his agenda, including the distribution of vaccines, the location of federal infrastructure, and the development of climate policies. He promptly made some changes that any Democratic administration would probably have made, such as reinstating police consent decrees and fair housing regulations. However, Biden's administration has taken some innovative steps, such as recognizing racism as a serious public health threat and highlighting Black unemployment as an indicator of the economy's well-being, in acknowledgment of the unique circumstances surrounding his election and the support of Black voters. There is uncertainty about whether white liberals will make changes to their behaviors that perpetuate racial inequality, such as favoring segregated schools and neighborhoods, despite increased awareness of racial issues following Floyd's death. The pandemic has exacerbated racial disparities, with Black families and workers suffering disproportionately while white students benefit from remote education and white homeowners profit from a booming housing market. A survey of white Americans conducted earlier this year found that those who were sympathetic towards racial issues were more inclined to take limited, individual actions, like educating themselves about racism or listening to people of color, rather than taking more impactful steps like living in diverse communities or advocating for racial justice with elected officials. Historians emphasize the significant impact of Floyd's death on public discourse, particularly regarding policing and the deep-rooted racism within public and private institutions. Black business leaders have openly shared their personal experiences with racism, criticizing the business world for not doing enough to address the issue. Many brands have pledged to diversify their workforces in response to public outcry over racism, sparking protests around the world. The widespread attention to structural racism has led to an increase in the popularity of books on the topic, even among white Americans who may have been previously unfamiliar with the concept. "They grasp the idea, and I believe they would support it if given the opportunity," stated Robin DG Kelley, a historian of protest movements at the University of California, Los Angeles, in reference to the protests against police violence in the past year. These protests have been more racially diverse compared to previous ones following police shootings of Black individuals over the past decade. Additionally, the demand to defund the police, which is seen as the most significant change to policing, has now entered the mainstream thanks to these protests. Kelley noted that there was increased organizing and participation in the protests, with more people advocating for a complete overhaul of the system. This level of activism has not been seen in the United States since the 19th century. Organizers have also focused on leveraging the energy of the protests to drive voter registrations, with racial justice becoming a prominent campaign issue by the fall. The majority of Democratic candidates focused on addressing racial disparities in their campaigns by advocating for police reform, abolishing cash bail systems, and establishing civilian review boards. Rashad Robinson, president of Colour for Change, emphasized the significance of George Floyd's death in sparking a renewed effort for change, but highlighted the importance of holding Derek Chauvin accountable and continuing to make systemic changes. One notable result has been the passing of new police oversight and reform laws in over 30 states following Floyd's death, which has shifted power dynamics within law enforcement. The changes involve limiting the use of force, revamping disciplinary procedures, increasing civilian supervision, and mandating transparency in cases of misconduct. However, policing systems are intricate and ingrained, so it is uncertain how much impact the new laws will have in practice. A racial reconciliation worker in Richmond, Bailey, remarked that America is inherently racist but is slowly improving. He noted that addressing a 350-year-old issue will take time, especially considering only 50 years of progress so far. | 2 |
Biden placed his hand on a family heirloom, a 5-inch-thick Bible, that has been passed down for 128 years as he recited the 35-word oath of office, pledging to "preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution." Chief Justice John Roberts administered the ceremony, finalizing the process at 11:49 a.m., just 11 minutes before the official transfer of presidential authority. Following Biden's oath, Kamala Harris was sworn in as vice president by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, using a Bible once owned by Thurgood Marshall, a civil rights figure and Supreme Court justice. Harris's inauguration marked her as the highest-ranking woman in US history, the first Black American, and the first person of South Asian descent to hold the second-highest office in the nation. In his Inaugural Address, Biden proclaimed that "democracy has prevailed" after facing challenges from former President Donald Trump, who attempted to overturn the election results and incited a mob to storm the Capitol building two weeks prior. Biden urged Americans to set aside their differences and unite in tackling the coronavirus pandemic, economic hardships, and issues of racism. Biden emphasized the need to end the division between red and blue, rural and urban, and conservative and liberal in his 21-minute address. He called for opening souls instead of hardening hearts, showing tolerance and humility, and trying to understand the perspectives of others. Biden stressed the importance of unity, acknowledging that it may seem like a far-fetched idea but pointing out that Americans have overcome polarization in the past and can do so again. He urged for coming together, reducing conflict, and creating a more peaceful atmosphere. "Unity is essential for peace, progress, and stability. This moment of crisis and challenge requires us to come together. The stormy and divisive Trump presidency ended with a ceremony on a chilly, breezy day, as Trump left Washington before his successor's inauguration, defying tradition once again." President Joe Biden was sworn in by Chief Justice John Roberts Jr., completing the process 11 minutes before the authority of the presidency formally changed hands. The former President Trump flew to Florida to live at his Mar-a-Lago estate. The Senate will soon open Trump's impeachment trial for inciting the Capitol attack. The sight of the newly installed president and vice president at the same Capitol where the attack occurred highlighted the surreal nature of the day. In contrast to the usual joyful and hopeful tone of most inauguration events, the 59th Inauguration Day in the United States highlighted the country's troubles. Amid concerns of potential violence, Washington was heavily guarded by 25,000 National Guard troops, along with numerous police officers and a significant portion of downtown blocked off. Due to the ongoing pandemic, Americans were advised to stay away, resulting in a surreal scene of the new president addressing a sparsely populated National Mall adorned with flags in place of a crowd. Reuters reported that many traditional inauguration events were canceled due to the pandemic, such as the lunch with congressional leaders, the parade down Pennsylvania Avenue, and the evening balls. Instead, President Biden will review military units at the Capitol and then be escorted to the White House by marching bands from various military branches, as well as university drum lines. A virtual “Parade Across America” will showcase performances from all states and territories. To promote national unity, Biden will be joined by former presidents Obama, Bush, and Clinton to lay a wreath at Arlington National Cemetery. The first and second couples will participate in a televised evening program hosted by Tom Hanks, replacing the usual formal dances. If the grandeur and formality were limited by the current challenges, Biden's determination to quickly undo the Trump administration's policies remained strong. He had plans to sign 17 executive orders, memorandums, and proclamations later in the day, aimed at reversing many key aspects of the previous administration. This was a significant rejection of his predecessor and a more extensive set of actions on Inauguration Day than seen in recent history. Some of the actions included implementing a national mask mandate for federal workers and property, extending eviction protections and student loan relief, rejoining the Paris climate agreement, halting construction of the border wall, lifting the travel ban on certain Muslim-majority countries, strengthening protections for young immigrants brought to the U.S. as children, prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity, and stopping oil and gas leases in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris took part in a wreath-laying ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia on Wednesday, January 20, 2021. Rarely has a new president taken such swift action to undo his predecessor's policies on his first day in office as Biden did, aiming to show a clear departure from Trump. While some of the orders were more symbolic than impactful, actual change will need to come through legislation. Biden is set to introduce an immigration reform plan that includes a pathway to citizenship for 11 million undocumented individuals, which will need to be debated and approved by Congress. Biden's message is that democracy has triumphed. Watch President Joe Biden's Inaugural Address. "Democracy has won." President Joe Biden's Inaugural Address can be viewed at https://t.co/EPzTya587f pic.twitter.com/BotK2BwfBN. Capturing the attention of Congress will be difficult, as Trump's trial is expected to occupy the Senate for an extended period. Currently, the Senate seemed unlikely to approve any of Biden's Cabinet nominees on his Inauguration Day, deviating from tradition. Trump had two Cabinet secretaries confirmed on his first day in office, whereas Obama and Bush each had seven. With Harris being inaugurated, the Senate, which was evenly split with 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans, now shifts to the Democrats due to her tiebreaking vote as the chamber's president. Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York is now the Democratic majority leader and plans to have two separate tracks to consider both nominations and legislation while also conducting the Trump trial. Biden aimed to have a different tone in his Inaugural Address compared to his predecessor, focusing on conciliation rather than provocation. Biden began working on his speech before Thanksgiving with the help of his longtime adviser, Mike Donilon, historian Jon Meacham, speechwriter Vinay Reddy, and his sister and important sounding board, Valerie Biden Owens. Flags were used to symbolize individuals who could not be present at Joe Biden's presidential inauguration on the National Mall in Washington on January 20, 2021. Despite calling for unity, Biden used his speech to address racism following the George Floyd killing and Capitol siege. Without mentioning Trump by name, he emphasized the importance of truth and the consequences of lies, especially after the former president's numerous false statements. Biden's inauguration marked a stark contrast to his predecessor in terms of age, gender, and race. Biden, a seasoned senator and former vice president with deep ties to Washington, values his ability to work across party lines and aims to build relationships with Republicans, including Sen. Mitch McConnell. Known for his talkative nature and friendly demeanor, as well as occasional gaffes, Biden practices a style of politics that combines empathy with personal connections. At 78, he is the oldest president in American history and while some allies acknowledge his age may impact his performance, he has overcome doubts and obstacles to win the presidency after decades in politics. Despite his center-left beliefs, Biden is open to shifting his stance to align with the political center. The more liberal faction of his party remains doubtful, and he may face challenges in maintaining his electoral coalition, which was primarily united by a shared dislike for Trump. Biden takes office with strong public approval, as 57% of Americans have a favorable view of him, a higher rating than Trump ever had. Despite this support, most of the public believes the country is heading in the wrong direction, and a significant portion do not believe Biden won the election legitimately due to Trump's baseless claims. Biden and Harris bring increased diversity to the highest levels of government. Biden, the second Catholic president after John F. Kennedy, and Harris, who shattered gender and racial barriers as vice president, have assembled a Cabinet with record numbers of women and people of color, as well as the first openly gay leader of a statutory Cabinet department. On Jan. 20, 2021, a member of the National Guard used his smartphone to capture the scene at the US Capitol during Biden's inauguration. Biden began his public day by attending a service at the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle with his wife, Jill Biden, Harris, and her husband, Doug Emhoff, as well as congressional leaders from both parties, including McConnell, after spending the previous night at Blair House. A National Guard member used his smartphone to film the scene at the US Capitol during President Joe Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021. This deviated from the usual tradition where new presidents attend a worship service at St. John's Church, located near the White House. St. Matthew's Church holds its own presidential significance, having hosted Kennedy's funeral. Attendees at the Capitol swearing-in ceremony included three former presidents and their wives, Hillary Clinton, Laura Bush, and Michelle Obama, along with former Vice President Dan Quayle. Besides Justices Roberts and Sotomayor, four other Supreme Court members were in attendance: Justice Elena Kagan and Trump's three appointees, Justices Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett. Pence and his wife, Karen Pence, were warmly welcomed at the Capitol for their display of respect during the transition of power, despite Trump's rejection. This marked Pence's first visit since he was hurried out of the Senate chamber to avoid the pro-Trump mob, some of whom threatened him. Lady Gaga, Jennifer Lopez, and Garth Brooks performed at the ceremony, with other stars like Kerry Washington, Bruce Springsteen, and Demi Lovato set to join Tom Hanks for the "Celebrating America" performance later in the evening. The celebrity celebration will be interspersed with demonstrations of focusing on governmental matters. Biden will sign his orders and memorandums in the Oval Office at 5:15 p.m. followed by a virtual swearing-in of his staff half an hour later. At 7 p.m., Jen Psaki, the new White House press secretary, will hold her first daily briefing, allowing reporters to question the White House regularly again after it had become rare under Trump. The Bidens will then spend their first night in the White House, marking the end of a journey that officially began in 1987 and unofficially much earlier. These were not the circumstances the new president may have anticipated when starting on this path to 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, but history always brings surprises. | 2 |
Rio de Janeiro's successful bid to host the Olympics in 2016 is a significant achievement for Brazil, showcasing the country's impressive transformation from a struggling nation to a powerhouse in both economic and diplomatic realms. Similar to how the 2008 Beijing Olympics signaled China's resurgence as a global player, the upcoming Rio 2016 games symbolize Brazil's emergence as a mature and influential player on the world stage. Despite years of underperformance, Brazil has finally capitalized on its abundant natural resources, thriving democracy, and sizable consumer base to fulfill its potential. President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, the country's first leader from a working-class background, has played a key role in Brazil's resurgence, overseeing an economic boom that has lifted millions out of poverty and garnered him widespread popularity. Even in the face of global economic challenges, Brazil has swiftly recovered from recession and resumed growth, demonstrating its resilience and strength. Lula told the International Olympic Committee in Copenhagen that despite being hit last by the financial crisis, Brazil was able to recover first. The country no longer feels inferior and is no longer considered second-rate citizens. Brazil's past struggles were symbolized by the saying "Brazil is the country of the future - and always will be," which was evident during the military dictatorship and economic crises of the 1980s and 1990s. In 2002, as Lula was on the brink of presidency, Brazil was still facing challenges and fears of following in the footsteps of crisis-hit Argentina. Since then, Brazil has experienced years of strong economic growth and President Lula's charismatic personality, which is well-received both internationally and domestically, has helped elevate Brazil's status in the global economy and diplomacy. By 2006, Brazil had successfully paid off its debts to the International Monetary Fund and has even pledged to lend $10 billion to the IMF. In the past 18 months, Brazil has earned three prestigious investment-grade ratings and has become an important player in international affairs, participating in world trade discussions and climate-change negotiations. Major Brazilian companies like Petrobras and Vale have seen significant success in recent years, expanding Brazilian investments and influence across Latin America and beyond. Brazil's influence on the global stage has grown, especially in advocating for developing nations in international decision-making, leading efforts to empower the G20 and the BRIC group, consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Lula's call for South America's inaugural Olympics echoed a similar sentiment - that wealthier nations have historically monopolized the prestige and grandeur of the Games. Brazil's resurgence has provided a means of escape from poverty for approximately 20 million individuals, many of whom have benefited from Lula's generous social welfare initiatives. Additionally, Brazil has been fortunate with a commodities price surge that bolstered its exports of raw materials like iron ore and soybeans, as well as the discovery of a significant oil deposit off the coast of Rio in 2007. This find, which the government anticipates will propel Brazil towards developed nation status, has led Lula and others to resurrect the old adage that "God is Brazilian." Nevertheless, Brazil still faces numerous obstacles to overcome before it can be considered part of the exclusive group of developed countries. The education system in Brazil is not well-funded and lacks top-tier universities, causing concern among business leaders about a shortage of skilled workers. The country's aging infrastructure also poses a threat to its economic growth. Racism is a significant obstacle to education and employment for black and indigenous populations, despite Brazil's diverse population. Additionally, Brazil continues to struggle with high levels of inequality, poverty, crime, and illiteracy in regions such as the northeast and the Amazon rainforest. | 2 |
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, after refusing to reduce supply to maintain market share against higher-cost competitors last year, has increased its global supply projections for tight oil, including shale, in its 2015 World Oil Outlook, despite a significant price drop. OPEC predicts that demand for its crude will reach 30.70 million barrels per day in 2020, lower than the expected 30.90 million barrels per day next year. The organization is currently producing about 1 million barrels per day more than the expected demand in 2020. Oil prices have dropped by more than half in the past 18 months, hitting an 11-year low of $36.04 per barrel this week. While the decrease has increased oil consumption in the short term, OPEC believes that the demand boost from low prices will diminish over time. OPEC Secretary-General Abdullah al-Badri stated in the report's foreword that the recent oil price decline has had the most impact on demand in the short term, with a decrease in significance over the medium term. OPEC is currently facing divisions over the effectiveness of the market-share strategy implemented in 2014, and a recent meeting on Dec 4 failed to establish a production ceiling for the first time in decades. Despite this, the report indicates an improved medium-term outlook for OPEC, as they are a major supplier of one-third of the world's oil. In the 2014 report, it was projected that demand for OPEC crude would decrease to 29.0 million bpd by 2020. OPEC announced that it ceased working on the report in the middle of the year and has since updated its forecast for 2016 non-OPEC supply to show a decline. The figures in the report do not include Indonesia, which rejoined in December. The key data in the report indicating OPEC's medium-term market share being under pressure remains the same as in a previous confidential report obtained by Reuters in November. Despite initially downplaying the impact of shale oil, OPEC's outlook in 2012 acknowledged for the first time that it could have a "significant" effect. The years of high prices, supported by OPEC's previous strategy of reducing supply, played a role in making non-conventional oil like shale economically viable. OPEC has changed its stance on oil production projects, now stating that many projects can be profitable at lower prices. According to their report, certain areas within oil fields can break even at prices lower than those seen in 2015, leading to increased production. The report predicts that global tight oil output will reach 5.19 million bpd by 2020, peak at 5.61 million bpd in 2030, and then decrease to 5.18 million bpd by 2040, with Argentina and Russia becoming major producers alongside North America. Previous estimates were lower, at 4.50 million bpd by 2020 and 4 million bpd by 2040. In a more optimistic scenario, tight oil production could expand to Mexico and China, potentially reaching almost 8 million bpd by 2040. As recently as 2013, OPEC believed that tight oil would only affect North America. The report suggests that OPEC's market share will increase in the future as competition from other suppliers decreases. OPEC predicts that their crude demand will reach 40.70 million bpd by 2040, accounting for 37 percent of global supply, up from 33 percent in 2015. In the short term, OPEC has raised its forecast for world oil demand to 97.40 million bpd by 2020, 500,000 bpd higher than in the previous year's report. However, factors such as slower economic growth, the small portion of crude cost in pump prices, and depreciating domestic currencies against the dollar will limit the response to lower crude prices, according to OPEC. OPEC predicts that by 2040, demand for oil will reach 109.80 million barrels per day, which is 1.3 million barrels per day lower than the previous year due to increased energy efficiency and climate change mitigation efforts. The report suggests that there will only be a slight increase in oil prices, with OPEC's basket of crude oils starting at $55 in 2015 and expected to rise by $5 annually, reaching $80 by 2020. | 2 |
The Supreme Court stated that complications from metastatic pancreatic cancer were the cause of death. Ruth Bader Ginsburg had previously overcome colon cancer in 1999 and early-stage pancreatic cancer a decade later. In 2014, she also received a coronary stent to clear a blocked artery. Despite her small stature and fragile appearance, Ginsburg was known for her toughness and regular workouts with a trainer, who even wrote a book about her challenging exercise routine. As Ruth Bader Ginsburg celebrated her 80th birthday and 20th anniversary on the Supreme Court during President Barack Obama's second term, she ignored calls for her retirement to allow a Democratic president to choose her successor. She intended to continue serving "as long as I can do the job full steam," noting that there would be a president after Obama. When Sandra Day O'Connor retired in 2006, Ginsburg was the only woman on the Supreme Court, which she found disappointing considering her efforts to advance women's legal status. She later welcomed the appointments of Sonia Sotomayor in 2009 and Elena Kagan in 2010 by Obama. Following the retirement of Justice John Paul Stevens in 2010, Ruth Bader Ginsburg became the senior member and unofficial leader of a liberal bloc on the Supreme Court, along with Justices Kagan, Sotomayor, and Breyer. Without a fifth vote, typically provided by Justice Anthony Kennedy before his retirement in 2018, the four justices often found themselves in dissent on the court's increasingly polarized decisions. Ginsburg's strongly-worded dissenting opinions, representing the liberal bloc, gained attention as the court shifted right. A law student, Shana Knizhnik, even dubbed her the "Notorious RBG," a nod to the famous rapper Notorious BIG. The name and image of Ginsburg quickly gained popularity online, with her serene yet severe expression, frilly lace collar, oversized glasses, and unique gold crown becoming iconic. Young women got tattoos of her image, daughters dressed as her for Halloween, and "You Can't Spell Truth Without Ruth" appeared on bumper stickers and T-shirts. Biographies and documentaries about her life became bestsellers and a Hollywood biopic focused on her first sex discrimination court case was released to great success. The praise for Ruth Bader Ginsburg grew significantly after Donald Trump was elected, especially since she had criticized him in a 2016 interview. Scholars tried to understand this surge in admiration for her. Dahlia Lithwick, in a 2019 article for The Atlantic, noted that women, now more than ever, admire Ginsburg as a symbol of hope for a future where female influence, authenticity, dignity, and voice are valued. Back in 1993, when President Bill Clinton nominated her at the age of 60, Ginsburg's rise to fame as a beloved figure was unexpected. Despite initial concerns from feminist leaders about her friendship with conservative colleagues, she was confirmed by the Senate in a landslide vote of 96-3, filling a long-standing gap in Democratic appointments to the Supreme Court. The sequence of events was appropriate because Ruth Ginsburg, known for her strategic sense and careful case selection during her time as a litigator and director of the Women's Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union in the 1970s, was sometimes compared to Thurgood Marshall in the civil rights movement. Both worked diligently to persuade the all-male Supreme Court to recognize constitutional barriers against discrimination, one case at a time. When Ginsburg took her seat as a junior justice on the Supreme Court in 1993, it was a familiar setting, despite being on the other side of the bench from where she had previously argued cases that became legal landmarks. She brought six cases to the court between 1973 and 1978, winning five of them. Her aim was to convince the Supreme Court that the 14th Amendment’s equal protection guarantee applied to both racial and sex discrimination. This was a challenging task, as the Court, under Chief Justice Earl Warren, had never previously recognized sex discrimination as a constitutional issue. The Court under Chief Justice Warren Burger, appointed by President Richard Nixon in 1969, was not expected to be any more favorable. Ruth Bader Ginsburg oversaw a mock trial of Shylock following a performance of "The Merchant of Venice" at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice, Italy on July 27, 2016. Ginsburg believed that she needed to educate an audience that was not necessarily hostile, but rather did not understand certain laws that were meant to protect women. She criticized laws that were based on outdated stereotypes of male and female abilities and needs. In a speech from 1988, she mentioned that justices did not see the different treatment of men and women in legal contexts as a burden for women. She also pointed out that a justice's initial reaction to a gender discrimination challenge might be to defend themselves by saying they treat their wife and daughters well. In order to change course, the court had to recognize that laws intended to help or protect women could actually have the opposite effect. This was demonstrated through successful challenges to various laws, such as an Idaho law that favored men over women in estate administration, a military regulation that denied benefits to husbands of female soldiers, and a Social Security provision that assumed wives were secondary breadwinners. In many of these cases, the plaintiff was actually a man seeking justice, such as Stephen Wiesenfeld, who sought benefits in order to care for his child after his wife's death. After the Supreme Court victory, Ginsburg maintained a relationship with the father and child involved, eventually traveling to Florida in 1998 to help officiate at the child's wedding. In 2014, she presided over her former client's second marriage at the Supreme Court, 42 years after the death of Paula Wiesenfeld. While she did not personally argue the case, Ginsburg played a role in the 1976 case of Craig v. Boren, in which the Supreme Court established the rule that distinctions based on sex were subject to heightened scrutiny by the courts. This case involved striking down an Oklahoma law that allowed girls to buy beer at 18 but required boys to wait until they were 21. The specific question addressed in Craig v. Boren may not have seemed significant, but the constitutional implications of the ruling were substantial. Even though the court did not adopt Ginsburg's proposed "strict scrutiny" rule, reserving it only for race discrimination cases, they did agree that the 14th Amendment's equal protection guarantee extended to gender equality. After nearly 20 years since her last argument before the Supreme Court, Ginsburg achieved a personal victory by announcing the court's majority opinion in a 1996 discrimination case involving the Virginia Military Institute. The court ruled 7-1 that the all-male admissions policy of the state-supported military college was unconstitutional, despite Virginia's argument that their adversative education method was not suitable for women. Virginia had established a less rigorous alternative military college for women, which lacked the advantages given to VMI graduates. In United States v. Virginia, Ginsburg criticized the state for not providing a sufficient reason to justify treating men and women differently. She argued that women capable of a VMI-quality education should not be offered anything less than equal protection under the law. Ginsburg emphasized that while there are inherent differences between men and women, these should not be used to restrict opportunities or perpetuate the inferiority of women. She believed her decision would improve VMI and make it a better place. On June 26, 1996, Ginsburg spoke about a significant moment during the VMI case in which she delivered her opinion. She mentioned in a speech the next year to the Women’s Bar Association in Washington, DC how she looked at her colleague, O’Connor, across the bench. O’Connor had also played a crucial role in establishing the legal foundation for the VMI decision by writing a majority opinion in 1982 that required an all-female state nursing school in Mississippi to admit men. Ginsburg’s opinion in the VMI case referenced O’Connor’s previous opinion, highlighting their interconnected legal precedents. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and her colleagues Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Sandra Day O'Connor, and John Paul Stevens left the Supreme Court building to participate in the casket procession for Chief Justice William Rehnquist in Washington on September 6, 2005. The New York Times reported that O'Connor and Ginsburg, who were close in age with O'Connor being the older of the two, were part of the first group of women to break into the male-dominated legal profession. O'Connor faced only secretarial job offers despite being a top student at Stanford University's law school, while Ginsburg, one of nine women in her Harvard Law School class of 552, excelled academically and was recommended for a clerkship by one of her professors. Albert Sacks, a professor who later became dean of the law school, wrote to Frankfurter, a former Harvard law professor, praising a female student's remarkable self-possession and stating that her qualities would make her an ideal law clerk. However, despite this recommendation, Justice Frankfurter, who had never hired a woman before, decided not to interview the student. Despite their differing views on important court issues like affirmative action and federalism, Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Clarence Thomas shared a bond due to their similar life experiences, coming from very different backgrounds - one the daughter of Southwestern ranchers and the other a Brooklyn-born daughter of Russian Jews. Ruth Bader's father, Nathan Bader, immigrated to New York at a young age, while her mother, Celia Amster, was born shortly after her family's arrival. Ruth, originally named Joan Ruth at birth and known as Kiki during her childhood, was born on March 15, 1933. Growing up in Brooklyn's Flatbush neighborhood, she essentially lived as an only child as her older sister passed away from meningitis when Ruth was just 14 months old. The family owned small retail stores, such as a fur store and a hat shop, but money was always tight. Ruth's mother, Celia Bader, was a woman with intellectual ambitions who graduated from high school at 15 but was unable to attend college. Instead, she was sent to work in Manhattan's garment district so that her brother could study at Cornell University. She held high hopes for her daughter, but unfortunately, she passed away before seeing them come to fruition. Diagnosed with cervical cancer while Ruth was in high school, she died at 47 in 1950, just before her daughter's graduation. Following the ceremony, Ruth's teachers brought her numerous medals and awards to her home. During her nomination announcement to the Supreme Court with President Clinton in the Rose Garden on June 14, 1993, Ginsburg moved the president to tears with a tribute to her mother, expressing her desire to fulfill the dreams her mother had for her in a time when women had more opportunities for success and daughters were valued as much as sons. Ruth Bader received a scholarship to attend Cornell University, where she met Martin Ginsburg during her freshman year. Ruth, who was 17 at the time, was immediately drawn to Martin because he was the only boy she had ever met who valued her intelligence. They became engaged during her junior year and got married after she graduated in 1954. Their relationship was both romantic and intellectual, lasting throughout their lives. Despite their outward differences in personality, with her being reserved and thoughtful in her speech while he was outgoing and humorous, they shared a strong bond and were dedicated to supporting each other in both their family and careers. Martin Ginsburg, a successful tax lawyer, happily gave up his New York practice to move to Washington with his wife in 1980 when she was appointed to the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Jimmy Carter. Thirteen years later, he strongly advocated for her appointment to the Supreme Court while living in Washington and teaching tax law at Georgetown University. Martin Ginsburg held a chair endowed by Ross Perot in gratitude for saving him millions of dollars in tax advice. He was also a skilled cook who prepared meals for his family and baked treats for his wife to share with colleagues at the court, as Ruth Ginsburg was not a good cook according to her own admission. The Ginsburgs resided in a duplex apartment at the Watergate, located next to the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. They frequently enjoyed attending the opera and ballet together. After a 56-year marriage, he passed away from cancer in 2010 at the age of 78. Before his death, he left a handwritten note on a yellow pad by his bedside for his wife to find. The note expressed his deep love and admiration for her, stating that she was the only person he had loved in his life. He also praised her for reaching the pinnacle of the legal world since they first met at Cornell. Their two children, Jane and James, are both successful in their respective fields – Jane is a professor of intellectual property law at Columbia Law School, while James is a producer of classical music recordings in Chicago. They also have four grandchildren. After getting married, Ruth and Martin Ginsburg settled in Lawton, Oklahoma, where Martin had to fulfill his two-year commitment as an Army officer at Fort Sill due to his ROTC service during college. Ruth applied for a job at the local Social Security office and was offered a position as a claims examiner at the Civil Service rank of GS-5. However, when she disclosed her pregnancy with Jane, the offer was rescinded as she couldn't travel for the necessary training. She took on a clerk-typist position at the GS-2 level, which she accepted as the norm. It wasn't until later in life that Ruth Ginsburg began to challenge the societal norms that restricted women's opportunities. During their time at Harvard Law School, Ruth and Martin Ginsburg faced a challenging situation when Martin was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Despite the poor prognosis, he continued his studies with difficulty. Other classmates took notes on his behalf, and Ruth Ginsburg, who was also attending classes and looking after their young daughter, transcribed the notes and assisted him in studying. Despite facing challenges at Harvard Law School, including a lack of female faculty members, Ruth Ginsburg's husband was able to graduate on time thanks to the support he received. In Ruth's first year at the school, Dean Erwin Griswold questioned the presence of the nine women in the class, asking each one why they believed they deserved a spot over a male student. Ruth stumbled over her words as she explained that she wanted to understand her husband's work as a lawyer, leading her to request to spend her final year at Columbia and still receive a Harvard degree. Despite the denial, she transferred to Columbia and tied for first place in her class. In 1972, she became the first woman to receive tenure on the Columbia law faculty. The situation continued to bother her, and years later her husband wrote a letter to the Harvard Law Record sarcastically recalling how the incident had impacted her career. “She simply smiled.” In 2011, Harvard awarded Ruth Ginsburg an honorary degree, where Plácido Domingo serenaded her during the ceremony. Ginsburg, a lover of opera, described it as one of the most incredible moments in her life. Despite not receiving job offers from New York law firms after graduating from Columbia, she spent two years clerking for federal district judge Edmund L Palmieri. This opportunity came after Professor Gerald Gunther threatened not to recommend any more law clerks to the judge if he didn't hire Ginsburg. Following her clerkship, Ginsburg returned to Columbia to work on a comparative law project on civil procedure. The project necessitated her to acquire knowledge of Swedish and to stay in Sweden. This experience was significant. Feminism was thriving in Sweden, and it was common for women to balance work and family responsibilities. Childcare services were easily accessible. Ruth Ginsburg was intrigued by an article written by the editor of a feminist publication. Eva Moberg, the editor, urged for a shift away from focusing on the idea of women having two roles, emphasizing that both men and women ultimately share the same main role of being human beings. During the years 1963 to 1970, Ruth Ginsburg authored a comprehensive study on Swedish civil law, which is still highly regarded in the field, in addition to numerous other publications. However, beyond her academic achievements, her time in Sweden may have had the most significant impact on her, as she was able to witness a different approach to societal organization. Despite facing rejection from prestigious law schools like Columbia and New York University, she eventually found a teaching position at Rutgers Law School, where she was only the second woman on the faculty at the time. At that point, there were fewer than twenty-four women teaching at all law schools in the United States. During this time, her second child, James, who was nine years younger than his sister, was born. Along with her teaching job, she started volunteering to handle discrimination cases for the New Jersey branch of the American Civil Liberties Union. These cases included complaints from pregnant public-school teachers who had been fired. A childhood friend, Melvin Wulf, who was the national legal director for the ACLU, heard about her work and sent more cases her way. One of these cases was the Idaho estate administrators case, which she eventually won in the Supreme Court as Reed v. Reed. Her 88-page brief in this case, detailing how the law reinforced the oppression of women in society, became known as the "grandmother brief" and was a resource for feminist lawyers for many years. In 1972, the ACLU established a Women's Rights Project and appointed Ruth Ginsburg as its inaugural director. Around the same time, she transitioned from Rutgers to Columbia as a professor. Through the ACLU project, she implemented a legal strategy in the Supreme Court to demonstrate that discrimination based on gender was a violation of the Constitution. The significance of this approach was not immediately evident, even to observers closely following her work. Ruth Ginsburg was clearly taking a unique approach by choosing cases where men were the victims of unequal treatment by the government. She was attempting to present the justices with cases that were easily understood: Why should men receive less favorable treatment than women simply because of their gender? Ruth Ginsburg's goal was to liberate both men and women from societal expectations and to use the Constitution to dismantle the structures that reinforced traditional gender roles. This is why a widowed father seeking social welfare to care for his baby was the ideal plaintiff, as it challenged the notion that childcare was exclusively a woman's responsibility. In a 2013 article, Wendy W Williams, an emeritus professor of law at Georgetown University Law Centre and Ginsburg’s authorised biographer, discussed how Ginsburg’s litigation campaign targeted the legal framework that treated women and men differently based on gender roles. Williams emphasized that Ginsburg believed in dismantling the concept of sex-role pigeonholing, as she recognized that sex discrimination affected both men and women. Ginsburg’s vision of sex equality aimed at achieving equal citizenship stature for all individuals. Despite Ginsburg's reputation as a liberal, she developed a moderate voting record on the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, often aligning with conservative judges such as Antonin Scalia and Robert H Bork. Ginsburg believed in judicial restraint and working in partnership with other branches of government, rather than imposing definitive rulings that stifled further discussion. This viewpoint led her to criticize the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade, which established a constitutional right to abortion. In a speech at New York University Law School in 1993, before her nomination to the Supreme Court, she criticized the ruling for stopping a political process that was moving towards reform, causing more division and delaying a stable resolution. Despite her support for abortion rights, she believed the court should have issued a narrower ruling that allowed states some ability to regulate abortions without banning them. She warned that the court should be cautious about making large decisions that could lead to a strong backlash. While Ginsburg's views were based on the assumption that legislative progress towards revising abortion laws had halted by 1973 due to lobbying by the Roman Catholic Church, there was evidence that the backlash against the decision was orchestrated by Republican strategists seeking support from Catholic voters. Ginsburg later acknowledged questions about the accuracy of her narrative but continued to criticize the decision. Her speech at New York University caused concern among leaders of women's groups and abortion rights organizations, some of whom quietly lobbied against her when White announced his retirement from the court. Clinton, in his first nomination to the court, publicly searched for potential candidates among judges and political figures, such as Mario Cuomo and Bruce Babbitt. Eventually, it seemed that Stephen G. Breyer was the chosen candidate, but a painful interview due to his broken ribs changed the president's mind. Martin Ginsburg encouraged Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan to advocate for his wife, Ruth Ginsburg, with Clinton, who was initially hesitant but ultimately decided to nominate her after a private meeting on June 13th. He phoned her at 11:33 that evening to inform her that she was his selection. Clinton mentioned at the announcement ceremony the following day that he believed she would be able to promote consensus-building on the Supreme Court in the future, just as she had on the Court of Appeals. The public widely approved of her appointment, and she was confirmed on Aug. 3, 1993, despite opposition from three of the Senate's most conservative Republicans: Jesse Helms, Don Nickles, and Robert C. Smith. During her address to the Senate Judiciary Committee, Ginsburg stated that her judicial approach was not strictly liberal or conservative. She also expressed her unwavering support for the right to abortion, despite her criticisms of Roe v. Wade. In response to a question from Senator Hank Brown, she emphasized the importance of this issue to a woman's life and dignity. The decision regarding abortion is one that a woman should make for herself. When the government interferes with this decision, it diminishes her autonomy as a responsible adult capable of making her own choices. In a Supreme Court case years later, Ginsburg strongly disagreed with the majority opinion upholding a law criminalizing a specific abortion procedure, arguing that it was based on unfounded beliefs about women's regret after abortion. She believed this reasoning reflected outdated views on women's rights and was not supported by evidence. This dissent marked the emergence of Ginsburg's influential voice on the Supreme Court during that term. Another controversial decision resulted in another strong dissent. In the case of Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co, the court voted 5-4 to dismiss Lilly Ledbetter's pay discrimination claim due to her failure to file within the 180-day deadline. Justice Alito's majority opinion stated that the 180-day period began with Ledbetter's first paycheck showing unequal pay, while Justice Ginsburg argued that it should begin when an employee becomes aware of the discrimination. Ginsburg called on Congress to clarify this issue, emphasizing the importance of their intervention. Her dissent was particularly significant as she publicly announced it from the bench. The technical dispute over a statute of limitations turned into a public outcry, leading to Congress overturning the court's restrictive interpretation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the first bill signed into law by Obama on Jan. 29, 2009, was a result of this public pressure. According to Harvard Law School Professor Lani Guinier, Justice Ginsburg's actions were an attempt to connect with the public. Guinier referred to oral dissent as a way of making judicial speech more accessible to the public. Ginsburg, known for wearing her 'Dissenting Collar,' was meticulous in crafting her opinions, whether for the majority or in dissent. Her writing was clear and free of unnecessary jargon, inspired in part by her study of literature under Vladimir Nabokov. Her dissents, especially those announced in court, garnered the most notice, and she would often switch her collars to match the occasion. She even wore her "dissenting collar," which one observer described as resembling a piece of medieval armor, the day after Trump's election. One of her most well-known dissents occurred in 2013 in Shelby County v. Holder, when the 5-4 majority significantly weakened the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by striking down the provision that required certain jurisdictions to receive federal permission before changing voting procedures. Ginsburg questioned the court's usual restraint in an ironic nod to conservative calls for judicial restraint. She concluded by quoting a civil rights leader and expressing disappointment in the decision. Among Ginsburg's approximately 200 majority opinions, one of her favorites was in a lesser-known case in 1996 called MLB v. SLJ. The case dealt with whether a parent, whose parental rights had been terminated, had the right to appeal if unable to afford the cost of preparing the official court record. The Supreme Court of Mississippi ruled that the state was not required to pay for the necessary record for an appeal to proceed, as the Constitution does not grant affirmative rights in most cases. Justice Ginsburg's 6-3 decision in a separate line of cases emphasized the importance of protecting family relationships as fundamental, rather than focusing on poverty as a condition deserving special judicial consideration. Professor Martha Minow praised Ginsburg's opinion in MLB v SLJ, noting that it skillfully navigated between unfavourable Supreme Court precedents and more favourable legal authority. In 2017, a decision addressed the differential treatment of unwed mothers and fathers seeking to transmit American citizenship to their children born overseas under federal immigration law. According to the law, mothers were able to pass on their American citizenship if they had lived in the United States for at least one year, while fathers had to have lived in the US for five years. This discrepancy was based on the assumption that it was easier to identify the mother of a child than the father, who was less likely to acknowledge their out-of-wedlock children. In the case of Sessions v. Morales-Santana, Justice Ginsburg, writing for a majority, ruled that the law violated the constitutional principle of equal protection. She criticized the outdated and discriminatory nature of the sex-based distinction, calling it "stunningly anachronistic." Ginsburg emphasized the impact of overgeneralizations in the law, noting how they can restrict people's lives. She also reflected on her successful legal career, attributing it to being in the right place with the right arguments at the right time. In the preface to her compilation of writing "My Own Words" published in 2016, she expressed gratitude for being alive and a lawyer at a time when advocating for equal citizenship for women and men was becoming successful in U.S. history. She acknowledged that she had a significant role in this progress, and reflected on the factors that led to the courts' understanding and acceptance of this principle in an article published in 1997. She believed that judges were influenced by the societal changes happening in the United States, as well as the advocacy efforts of women, including those in their own families and communities. Ginsburg was known for her meticulous approach to her work and appearance. She had her dark hair tied back and preferred well-fitted suits by designer Giorgio Armani, occasionally adding brightly patterned jackets from her travels. She was recognized for her impeccable style and was known for her inquisitive nature on the bench, but was more reserved in social situations. Her husband often spoke on her behalf, giving the impression of shyness to those who didn't know her well. However, when discussing her passion for opera, she became almost poetic. Despite her past as a cheerleader and twirler in high school, she moved with such precision that it was hard to imagine. Her personality did not have two sides, but rather her shyness vanished when she had a task to complete. Before her first Supreme Court argument, she was extremely nervous and couldn't eat lunch due to fear of getting sick. However, during the argument, her fear disappeared as she felt empowered by having the attention of the most influential judges in America. | 2 |
The journalists from Ukraine were given a special citation for their coverage of the Russian invasion, as the Pulitzer board honored the 12 journalists who lost their lives while reporting on the Ukraine war this year. The Pulitzer Prizes are highly respected awards in American journalism, and this year the Washington Post received the public service award for their reporting on the Capitol siege by supporters of former President Donald Trump. The Washington Post was recognized for their detailed account of the events on January 6, 2021, which resulted in Joe Biden becoming president. Additionally, a team of photographers from Getty Images received a Pulitzer for their breaking news photography of the same event. A team of Reuters photographers, including the late Danish Siddiqui who died while covering the war in Afghanistan, won the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in India. Reuters was also recognized as a finalist for their images of climate change worldwide. The winning photos were praised for their depiction of both the intimacy and devastation of COVID's impact in India. Apart from Siddiqui, the honored photographers were Adnan Abidi, Sanna Irshad Mattoo, and Amit Dave. The Editor-in-Chief of Reuters, Alessandra Galloni, stated that the world was awakened to the severity of India's outbreak through the documentation by Reuters photographers. She also paid tribute to Siddiqui's remarkable work in photojournalism, noting his previous Pulitzer win in 2018 for documenting the Rohingya refugee crisis. Reuters, a division of Thomson Reuters, won its 10th Pulitzer Prize, while the New York Times received three more Pulitzers this year, bringing their total to 135 since the awards were established in 1917. The Times was recognized for national reporting on police-involved fatal traffic stops, international reporting on the shortcomings of the US air war in the Middle East, and criticism for Salamishah Tillet's writing on race in arts and culture. The Times was also a finalist in international reporting for their coverage of the fall of Afghanistan and the assassination of Haiti's president. Additionally, New York Times reporter Andrea Elliott was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction for her book "Invisible Child: Poverty, Survival and Hope in an American City," which originated from a series published by the newspaper in 2013. The Pulitzer board acknowledged the difficult and risky environment that journalists face globally, highlighting the deaths of 12 journalists in Ukraine, the murders of eight Mexican journalists, and instances of assault and intimidation against journalists in Afghanistan and Myanmar. The special recognition for Ukrainian journalists praised their bravery, resilience, and dedication to reporting truthfully during Vladimir Putin's invasion of their country and his propaganda efforts in Russia. The Pulitzer Prizes, which have been awarded since 1917, were established by Joseph Pulitzer in his will to support the founding of a journalism school at Columbia University and to recognize excellence in journalism, literature, and music. Today, the prizes cover a wide range of categories in media reporting, writing, and photography, as well as awards in books, drama, and music. A group of predominantly senior editors from prominent US media outlets and academics oversee the judging process that ultimately decides the winners. | 2 |
Preparing to welcome President Joe Biden, it is seen as a significant development that he considers Europe an ally and NATO an essential part of Western security. However, the impact of the previous administration has left lasting wounds that may take time to heal, according to experts. Rosa Balfour, director of Carnegie Europe, warned against underestimating the shock caused by the Trump years on the European Union, leading to caution in accepting US demands. There are various important topics to address, such as the Afghanistan withdrawal, military expenditures, relations with Russia and China, trade conflicts, climate change, and vaccine diplomacy. The Europeans appreciate Biden's promises of loyalty and affection, but they have seen how quickly US foreign policy can change with a new president. They worry that America has shifted, and that Biden is just a temporary leader before more populist, nationalist presidents take over. They are uncertain about the costs of Biden's policies and how they differ from Trump's "America first" approach. With upcoming elections in Germany, France, and the US, they are aware that time is ticking and Biden's ability to make changes may be limited. Despite this, Biden's upcoming visits to NATO and the EU will be significant. The meetings are coordinated in order for him to arrive in Geneva on June 16 with support and consultation from allies for his first meeting as president with Russia's president, Vladimir Putin. Jana Puglierin, Berlin director of the European Council on Foreign Relations, believes that Biden is starting a new relationship and demonstrating trust in Brussels and NATO. It is important to show concrete results to ensure continued support. François Heisbourg, a French defense analyst, sees only positives from Biden's trip and believes it signifies a positive shift in US foreign policy. Biden is committed to implementing his strong views, with a focus on rebuilding relationships with allies to promote comity and civility. Despite his emphasis on international friendships, there is a need for policy reviews to transition into actual policies. The lack of ambassadors to key European positions is currently not seen as crucial, but allies will eventually need representatives who can quickly communicate with top US officials. The NATO summit meeting, which will include 30 leaders, will be brief, consisting of a single 2 1/2-hour session following an opening ceremony. This will allow each leader just five minutes to speak. The leaders will reach an agreement on a communique that is currently being negotiated, address the Afghanistan withdrawal, and approve a yearlong study on remodelling NATO's strategic concept to address new challenges such as cyberwarfare, artificial intelligence, antimissile defense, disinformation, and other emerging technologies. The previous revision of the strategic concept in 2010 focused on Russia as a potential partner and barely mentioned China, while the new revision will have different assumptions. NATO officials and ambassadors anticipate future discussions on topics like the role of a regional trans-Atlantic alliance in countering China and the distribution of capabilities within NATO between common funding and member countries' responsibilities. Adapting to the EU's ambiguous desire for "strategic autonomy" while promoting European military spending and efficiency, avoiding duplication with NATO, and improving NATO's political acumen are key concerns. Additionally, there is discussion about potentially replacing NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg, whose term was extended to maintain stability during the Trump presidency. Other main topics for the upcoming NATO summit include managing Afghanistan post-withdrawal, relations with Russia, China, and Belarus. The ambassador of a NATO country stated that those interested in trains running on time will find the NATO summit interesting, while those interested in train collisions will be disappointed. The same sentiment applies to Biden's June 15 meeting with the European Union, where he will meet with Charles Michel and Ursula von der Leyen. Biden will have already met with 21 of the 27 EU leaders at NATO the day before, as there is significant overlap between the two organizations. Key exceptions include Turkey, a member of NATO that struggles to balance its relationships with Russia and its hostility towards Greece, and Cyprus, a member of the EU that hinders coordination with NATO due to its animosity towards Turkey. The bloc faces a variety of issues to address, such as trade disputes related to Airbus and Boeing, as well as steel and aluminum; and emerging topics like how to enforce a new minimum global corporate tax rate following an important agreement reached by G-7 finance ministers. Additional concerns encompass data transfer; military spending and procurement; military mobility; transitioning to a carbon-neutral economy with carbon pricing; regulating global technology giants and social media companies; reforming key multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization; and navigating the challenges posed by a rising China and an aggressive Russia. There is also caution regarding the potential for another Trump-like president to succeed Biden. Despite assurances of consultation, German officials, in particular, believe that Biden's decision to withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan by September 11 was made unilaterally, with Washington leading the way and allies following suit. European leaders were upset and embarrassed by Biden's sudden decision to back the waiver of intellectual property rights for COVID-19 vaccines, which was done without consulting allies. Europeans have a different perspective on China and Russia compared to the United States, as they are more reliant on them for trade and energy. Some are concerned that Biden's approach of framing the world as a contest between democracy and authoritarianism is overly simplistic. Nathalie Tocci, director of Italy's International Affairs Institute, emphasized the significance of consulting with allies before the Putin summit. Europeans are fooling themselves if they think things can return to how they used to be. They should collaborate with Biden on crucial matters like climate, vaccines, and trade to create a strong Western alliance that can lead to a wider global agreement. This is the most effective way to demonstrate that democracy is successful. | 2 |
The text illustrates a common arrangement among employees of the Kremlin's propaganda machine, who have historically prioritized job security and creative challenges over ideological alignment with their workplace. Despite his resignation as the art director for Channel 1 following Putin's invasion of Ukraine, Likin insisted that he was not a political figure, but recognized that he was now involved in a harmful agenda. Likin described Russian television as catering to those who are uninformed or unwilling to seek alternative sources of information. The invasion of Ukraine has prompted some long-time government employees in Russia to sever their ties with the Kremlin, indicating a struggle to maintain unity among society during the war. The invasion of Ukraine has led to thousands of arrests and tens of thousands of people fleeing the country. Anatoly Chubais, Putin's climate envoy, recently became the first senior government official to resign since the invasion began on Feb 24. Several high-profile resignations have also occurred at Russia's state television channels, which are crucial for Putin's control over domestic politics. Marina Ovsyannikova made a bold protest by interrupting a live news broadcast with an anti-war poster, while others, like Likin, have resigned quietly, revealing the discontent within Putin's system. The power of television in shaping Russians' views on the war is evident, as many are feeling clinically depressed. Many intelligent individuals are feeling a sense of guilt, with no way out other than simply asking for forgiveness, which is not sufficient. Despite the diminishing influence of Russian national television networks due to the popularity of YouTube and social media, they remain the primary source of news for the public. Last year, about two-thirds of Russians relied on state television for news, a decrease from 90% in 2014, according to surveys conducted by the Levada Center. State television channels have portrayed the conflict in a way that contrasts with Western views, depicting Russians as heroes bringing liberation to Ukrainian lands seized by neo-Nazis funded by the West. Images of deceased civilians and destroyed homes are being incorrectly labeled as either fake or the result of Ukrainians bombing their own city. According to a Channel 1 reporter in Mariupol, some locals believe that the Ukrainian military is purposefully targeting residential areas, while others claim that nationalists were instructed to cause as much destruction as possible before retreating. Polls suggest that many Russians are accepting this narrative, which aligns with the anti-Western sentiment that Russian television has been promoting for years. Despite this, most state television journalists have continued to amplify the message of Russia fighting for its survival. Anchor Liliya Gildeyeva, who left NTV, admitted that she had compromised her principles before realizing the extent of her actions once the war began. She stated that when you start to give in to yourself slowly, you may not realize how far you have fallen. The shock of the war has led to a significant number of Russians leaving the country in recent weeks, with many flying to destinations such as Turkey and Armenia. While some were journalists and activists escaping potential arrest, others were young professionals who no longer saw a future for themselves in Russia. Even some members of Russia's elite have decided to leave, with the most notable departure being Chubais, the Kremlin's climate envoy, who resigned over the war in Ukraine and left the country. The Kremlin confirmed that Chubais had resigned. He was considered one of the few officials in Putin's government with liberal views, and his key role in economic reforms in Moscow during the 1990s made him unpopular among many Russians. It is uncertain if the discontent among some of the elite could have any impact on Putin's government stability. Likin, a former art director at Channel 1, believed that individuals like him who were willing to step down based on their principles were a small minority in Russia. Agalakova, a former correspondent at Channel 1, noted that many of her former colleagues who stayed did not work for a specific idea. People have obligations such as family, loans, and the need to survive. Those who leave their jobs at state television, especially if they speak out, face an uncertain future. Agalakova, who used to work as a correspondent in Paris, mentioned that some of her friends stopped talking to her after she resigned. Likin, on the other hand, plans to stay in Russia and continue working as an architect. He mentioned that he might consider going back to television if its agenda changes. Government polls suggest that most Russians support Putin's invasion, but analysts warn that people may not be truthful during times of war. Agalakova now realizes that years of propaganda on Russian television have influenced public opinion and justified Kremlin's current policies. Agalakova expressed that when the idea of Nazism is mentioned in relation to Ukraine, people react immediately, in response to the false claims made by the Kremlin about Russia fighting Nazis in Ukraine. She described this as a deceitful and shameful tactic. Due to the widespread propaganda, Russians who are skeptical of television have fewer reliable sources of news. The Echo of Moscow radio station and TV Rain independent television channel have been shut down, and access to Facebook and Instagram has been blocked by the government. Furthermore, journalist Alexander Nevzorov is facing a criminal investigation for sharing information about the Russian bombing of Mariupol on his Instagram page. The most recent attempt to instill fear in critics of the war involves a new law that threatens up to 15 years in prison for going against the official narrative of the conflict in Ukraine, as defined by the Kremlin. According to Denis Volkov of the Levada polling center, the true test of Russian public opinion will be seen as economic difficulties caused by Western sanctions begin to impact society. Despite this, Volkov believes that the Kremlin's portrayal of the situation, which depicts the West as trying to undermine Russia through Ukraine and Russia as defending its people abroad, is deeply ingrained in the minds of television viewers and is unlikely to change soon. Many Russians tend to accept news that aligns with the television narrative and reject anything that doesn't, regardless of its truthfulness. | 2 |
The US-India Business Council (USIBC) expressed its appreciation for the reforms proposed in the budget, including raising the FDI cap in insurance and policy changes to address transfer pricing challenges and promote infrastructure investment. USIBC, made up of 300 leading US and Indian companies, praised the finance minister and welcomed the business-friendly policies. They emphasized their commitment to long-term partnership with India and highlighted the significance of lifting the insurance FDI cap to 49 percent. USIBC also supported the increase in the FDI cap in defense and applauded initiatives to strengthen Smart City development and public-private partnerships in airports. The US-India Political Action Committee (USINPAC) also welcomed the FDI cap increase in defense and insurance sectors, noting the potential for technology transfer through increased investments. He stated that both of these advancements are praiseworthy, and investors worldwide, including those from the Indian diasporas, will now feel motivated to get involved in the growth of India's defense and insurance sectors. | 2 |
After his global teleconference fell apart on September 11, 2001, a senior economist at a US investment bank started thinking about the implications of the attacks on the United States for the future global landscape. Despite his recent experience at the World Trade Center and close call with the tragedy, Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs was not focused on Al Qaeda. Instead, he believed that the aftermath of September 11 would be characterized by the emergence of China, Russia, India, and Brazil as significant players on the world stage, rather than by the actions of the US as a superpower or the ongoing war on terror. O'Neill coined the term "BRICs" after the first letter of the countries' names and believes it marked a significant shift in global dominance. He launched the term in a pamphlet in November 2001, and the trend he identified has had a lasting impact on world history. When O'Neill first came up with the BRIC acronym, the four major emerging powers accounted for eight percent of the global economy. At that time, the top five economies in the world were the United States, Japan, Germany, Britain, and France. Over the past decade, the BRIC countries have experienced even faster growth than O'Neill had anticipated, now making up nearly 20 percent of the world economy. China has risen to become the second largest economic power globally, while Britain, a key ally of the US in the war on terror, has been surpassed by Brazil and dropped out of the top five. India and Russia are also close behind in economic growth. Shortly after the attacks on New York and Washington, the US initiated a global "war on terror" which was costly and consuming of attention. The US also planned retaliation against not only Al Qaeda but also other perceived members of an "axis of evil", including Iraq under Saddam Hussein. Initially, it appeared that the US and its allies had emerged victorious in this war, with the Al-Qaeda network weakened, key leaders eliminated, and a lack of major terror attacks in the West for years. However, the true cost of this victory, both financially and diplomatically, is not as evident. Joseph Nye, a former US under-secretary of state and defense, as well as ex-chair of the National Intelligence Council and current Harvard professor of international relations, noted that during the early 2000s, the US was preoccupied with a misguided war in the Middle East as the global economy shifted towards Asia. He argues that the actions taken by the US have significantly weakened its influence in diplomacy, values, and culture, while also diminishing its military and economic power. The increase in the national debt from $5.8 trillion to $14.7 trillion over the past decade is largely attributed to unfunded tax cuts, post-financial crisis stimulus measures, and other domestic spending increases. The conflicts that America engaged in after 9/11 significantly increased the financial burden. According to a recent estimate by Brown University, the cost of America's wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan could be as high as $4.4 trillion, which is nearly one-third of the total cost. Nigel Inkster, a former deputy head of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and current head of transnational threats and political risk at London's International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), believes that the Americans were quick to retaliate and likely overreacted. He also suggests that in the grand scheme of things, the impact of 9/11 and the rise of Al Qaeda may be seen as just a minor setback. Other Western powers also took drastic measures in response to the attacks. Similar to former US president George W Bush, British Prime Minister Tony Blair viewed the September 11 attacks as a pivotal moment. Blair expressed in an upcoming television interview on www.reuters.com that he believed the attacks were not just a large-scale act of terrorism, but something that would alter global politics. While the exact course of action was not entirely clear at the time, Blair maintained that the level of risk had shifted. This belief led Blair and Britain to engage in military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, endeavors that may not have had as significant an impact on Britain as the challenges posed by a rapidly changing global economy and internal financial issues. The Iraq war significantly damaged Blair's leadership and reputation when it was revealed that Britain entered the war based on inaccurate information about weapons of mass destruction. According to Wolfgang Ischinger, a former German deputy foreign minister and US ambassador, the September 11 attacks shattered the belief that one superpower could dominate the world. However, the rise of the BRICs countries will have a more lasting impact on global power and governance. Ischinger believes that the confusion caused by 9/11 delayed the process of drawing conclusions and correcting mistakes made by some countries. He questions whether 9/11 was as significant a turning point as the financial crisis. During a flight to Houston, Texas for a meeting between Jordan's King Abdullah and Bush, Al Qaeda attacked. Jordan's ambassador to Washington, Marwan Muasher, initially feared an anti-Muslim backlash in the US. He believes Washington handled that well, but regrets the misjudgment in launching the Iraq war. Muasher, who later became foreign minister and is now a vice president at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a US think-tank, points out that developments such as the financial crisis have overshadowed much of 9/11. He argues that the era of US dominance was short-lived due to the emergence of other powers, emphasizing that the unipolar power of the United States was ultimately unsustainable. Ian Bremmer, president of the political risk consultancy Eurasia Group, believes that the world has shifted its focus away from September 11. Bremmer stated to Reuters that in retrospect, 2008 was a defining moment. He noted that the financial crisis and the Beijing Olympics marked a turning point, where China transitioned from being viewed as an emerging market to a major player on the global stage. China showed off its confidence at the 2008 Olympics opening ceremony by displaying new buildings in its capital and ignoring Western concerns about human rights violations. The country's significant financial power, including holding $1.2 trillion of US government debt, makes it difficult for the West to criticize. In 2008, European leaders asked China for help during a government debt crisis, a situation that would have been unthinkable in the past. Russia also demonstrated its strength by quickly winning a conflict with Georgia, with the possibility of other emerging powers like China and India adopting a similar assertive approach in the future. Stephen Jennings, CEO of Moscow-based investment bank Renaissance Capital, believes that there is a shift in investment patterns with more major business deals being made in developing nations, funded by BRIC banks for emerging market investors. Jennings suggests that traditional financial centers and the Western economic model are losing their dominance, with emerging market economies like Russia becoming leaders in the new economic order. This shift is also reflected in the changing diplomatic order. In 2009, US President Barack Obama took a different approach during the Copenhagen climate summit by meeting with leaders from emerging countries such as China, India, Brazil, and South Africa instead of the G8 developed states. South Africa was particularly interested in aligning itself with the "BRICS" group to counterbalance older powers. The "Arab Spring" uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa caught regional leaders, Western intelligence agencies, and even Al Qaeda off guard, prompting some to view it as a warning for authoritarian countries like China. Critics accused the US and its allies of having double standards, supporting authoritarian Arab rulers when it suited their interests in the "war on terror" but abandoning them when their positions became unstable. Recent discoveries of documents in Libya have exposed the close cooperation between British and American intelligence services and Col Muammar Gaddafi's regime, causing embarrassment for both countries. Jan Egeland, Europe head of Human Rights Watch and former United Nations global humanitarian chief, criticized the approach that suggested embracing the dark side was necessary to defeat terror. He believed this approach damaged the reputation of the West and occurred while emerging economies were already making progress. The world has changed significantly since September 11, 2001, with conflicts decreasing in many regions despite the US and allies engaging in wars in the Middle East. Development economists like Jeffrey Sachs argue that the billions spent on Western wars could have been used to alleviate poverty in the poorest countries. Meanwhile, BRIC economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, although there is a growing wealth gap within many states. Now, as has been the case throughout history, the increasing economic strength of the BRIC countries is leading to a boost in their military capabilities, while the West is experiencing a decline in its financial power which is resulting in significant cuts to defense spending. The International Institute for Strategic Studies in London noted in its annual report on global military power that while Western nations are reducing their military budgets, countries in Asia and the Middle East are increasing theirs, often at double-digit rates. This shift is seen as evidence of a global redistribution of military power. For example, this year, Britain became the only member of the UN Security Council without an aircraft carrier after decommissioning the Royal Navy's flagship "Ark Royal," just as China launched its first aircraft carrier. According to Goldman Sachs' O'Neill, the remarkable economic growth of the BRIC countries will have a greater long-term impact than the events of September 11th. His bank is currently promoting the benefits of what they refer to as the "N-11" - the next 11 major emerging market economies after the BRICs, which include countries like Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey. He also suggests that the recent attack and its aftermath may have influenced the BRICs' more assertive stance in global affairs. He believes that the attack may have instilled doubts about America's power and therefore encouraged these countries to be more self-reliant. Some are concerned that the focus on the Middle East and terrorism may have caused the traditional powers to miss the opportunity to shape the new world order. However, even if they had been more attentive, it may not have made much of a difference. Former British spy Inkster stated that the unexpected shift to emerging powers caught us off guard due to the focus on the Islamic world, although it likely would have surprised us regardless. | 2 |
He has recently returned from a summit in Hanoi with North Korea that ended in failure, further darkening the cloud hanging over him. The meeting with Kim Jong Un did not go as planned, with disagreements over sanctions related to North Korea's nuclear weapons program. Meanwhile, his former lawyer Michael Cohen's testimony accusing him of illegal actions while in office poses a potential threat to the president domestically. Trump is also facing challenges on other fronts, including delicate negotiations with China on a trade deal, ongoing tensions in Venezuela, conflicts between India and Pakistan, and efforts in Congress to block his emergency declaration for funding a border wall with Mexico. Special Counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election may soon conclude, keeping speculation about Trump's involvement in the headlines. Before leaving for Vietnam, Trump expressed frustration over Democrats moving forward with the Cohen testimony, breaking an unofficial tradition of refraining from attacking the president while he is abroad. He also expressed a desire for the Mueller report to be completed, feeling frustrated that the hearings were taking place while he was out of the country. Trump was disappointed that the investigation had not concluded before his departure, as he believed it left a cloud hanging over him. During the summit, Trump ended discussions about North Korea's denuclearization abruptly, leading to conflicting reports and uncertainty about the future of one of his key initiatives. The White House had planned a signing ceremony for a deal in Hanoi, but cancelled it unexpectedly. Trump's Secretary of State Mike Pompeo criticized reporters for being too focused on what he called "process" and labeled them as "radically uninformed." Pompeo advised reporters to not dwell on such matters. Meanwhile, Trump stayed updated on Michael Cohen's testimony from his hotel room in Hanoi, despite the time difference. Trump's inner circle believed that the president handled the week well, as they felt Cohen's testimony did not reveal anything new and Trump received recognition for walking away from a potentially unfavorable deal with North Korea. Christopher Ruddy, a conservative media mogul and close friend of Trump, remarked that there were no surprises during the week, as they were already aware of North Korea's challenges and Cohen's negative comments. Ruddy stated to Reuters that, in his opinion, the Cohen testimony does not significantly impact President Trump's political standing. However, some of Trump's supporters are questioning the effectiveness of his re-election campaign's response to the testimony. Chris Christie, a friend of Trump's, expressed concern on ABC's "This Week" about the lack of defense for the president. Trump will be speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference on Saturday, where he is expected to receive support from a friendly audience. At the CPAC event, RNC Chair Ronna McDaniel promptly defended Trump's handling of the Vietnam summit. "He departed appropriately because he stated that the sanctions would not be lifted unless there was a commitment to denuclearization," she explained, resulting in applause. | 2 |
A growing US deficit may pose a bigger threat to President Barack Obama's healthcare reforms than the Supreme Court or 2012 elections. Health experts believe that innovations in medical care delivery and state health insurance exchanges will likely continue even if the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is repealed. However, former healthcare policymakers warn that cost control measures could be in jeopardy if Congress responds to fiscal pressures with arbitrary spending cuts in 2013. Dr. Don Berwick, former head of Medicare and Medicaid under Obama, expressed concerns that cutting benefits and Medicaid coverage could worsen the situation. The Affordable Care Act aims to provide coverage to over 30 million uninsured Americans through Medicaid expansion and state insurance exchanges. It also requires new ideas to steer the United States' $2.6 trillion healthcare system, the most costly in the world, towards incentives that help manage expenses. The law is facing strong opposition from Republicans and is entering a period of significant uncertainty. In the coming spring, the Supreme Court is expected to make a decision on the legality of the individual mandate, a crucial aspect of the law that mandates all Americans to purchase insurance. Months later, voters will have the opportunity to decide whether Republicans or Democrats will control the White House and Congress. Current and former healthcare officials are optimistic about changes that would reward healthcare providers based on patient outcomes rather than the volume of tests and procedures they perform. Dr. Mark McClellan, who previously oversaw Medicare, Medicaid, and the Food and Drug Administration under President George W. Bush, discussed the potential long-term impact of healthcare reforms during a panel discussion moderated by Reuters at Harvard School of Public Health. Innovations such as "bundled payments" and rewarding healthcare providers for successful outcomes while saving money were already gaining momentum in the private market before the healthcare bill was signed into law by Obama in March 2010. The law's efforts to apply these innovations to Medicare and Medicaid, which collectively spend about $900 billion annually to provide care to 100 million beneficiaries, have further accelerated their adoption across the United States. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, which is a year old, plans to develop approximately two dozen innovation models with private partners in the coming years. Experts believe that innovations in care delivery are long-lasting as they help providers deal with increasing cost pressures from employers and government agencies. According to healthcare consultant Don Moran, this response is driven by market realities rather than just reformist interests. The future of innovation may be uncertain after the November elections if Washington chooses to implement across-the-board cuts to Medicare and Medicaid, reinforcing the traditional fee-for-service healthcare model. Innovations are at risk because they have not yet proven their ability to reduce costs, making it difficult for the Congressional Budget Office to assign concrete dollar values for deficit reduction. Gail Wilensky, former head of Medicare and Medicaid under President George H.W. Bush, expressed concern that Congress may resort to the common practice of reducing payments to healthcare providers, which could lead to providers refusing Medicare patients. She believes this approach is not in the best interest of seniors. Some experts suggest that budget constraints could lead the Obama administration to postpone certain aspects of the healthcare law, such as state health insurance exchanges and the individual mandate for health insurance. Postponing the implementation of the law could result in significant cost savings for the government, allowing officials more time to establish exchanges that have been developing slowly due to uncertainties related to the Supreme Court case and the upcoming election. An administration official has stated that there are no current plans to delay the implementation of the law, and analysts believe that the outcome of the election may not necessarily determine the fate of the law unless President Obama is not re-elected. Despite potential challenges such as partisan gridlock in Congress, certain sections of the law, such as state insurance exchanges, could still move forward even if the individual mandate is overturned, repealed, or weakened. McClellan suggested that rather than mandating the purchase of insurance, the government could create voluntary rules to encourage participation in exchanges, using Medicare Part D as a potential model. He noted that state exchanges may not be as strong without the individual mandate, but this could lead to deficit savings. However, there are currently no discussions or plans to replace the individual mandate with enrollment restrictions similar to those in Medicare Part D. | 2 |
Four years ago, the joint program of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU), referred to the United States as Germany's "most important friend" outside of Europe. The 2013 program also mentioned the "friendship" with Washington as a "cornerstone" of Germany's international relations and discussed strengthening transatlantic economic ties by removing trade barriers. However, in the latest election program titled "For a Germany in which we live well and happily," which Merkel and CSU leader Horst Seehofer presented on Monday ahead of a Sep 24 election, the words "friend" and "friendship" are absent. Instead, the United States is referred to as Germany's "most important partner" outside of Europe. CDU officials were not immediately available to provide a comment on the change in wording. The change in wording highlights the deteriorating relations between Berlin and Washington since US President Donald Trump took office in January. Trump criticized Merkel during his campaign, calling her migration policies "insane" and has since criticized Germany's trade surplus with the US, NATO contributions, and decision to exit the Paris climate accord. A recent survey by the Pew Research Centre showed a decrease in favorable views of the US among Germans, from 57 percent at the end of Obama's term to 35 percent now. Merkel is set to host Trump and other leaders at a G20 summit in Hamburg later this week. The 2017 election programme for the CDU/CSU references historical US support for Germany after World War Two and leading up to German reunification, instead of the 2013 passage focusing on strengthening economic ties. In response to a difficult G7 summit where Trump resisted pressure to remain in the Paris agreement, Merkel reiterated in a speech the need for Europeans to take control of their own fate. The programme affirms Germany's commitment to NATO but also emphasizes the EU's need to be able to defend itself independently for long-term survival. It additionally includes a dedicated section called "Germany and France as the Driving Force of Europe" that pledges to strengthen the relationship between the two countries. The document expresses willingness to work with the new French government to enhance the eurozone, such as by establishing its own monetary fund. However, it rejects the idea of sharing debt in Europe and emphasizes that "solidarity" will only be achievable if EU nations adhere to the regulations of the bloc's Growth and Stability Pact. | 2 |
Here are 10 celebrities who made a positive impact on the world in the past year. Meghan Markle, who joined Britain's royal family in May, has been focusing on women's rights and collaborated with survivors of London's Grenfell Tower fire to create a community cookbook. Emma Watson, famous for her role as Hermione in the Harry Potter movies, supported the #MeToo movement in 2018 by donating one million pounds to a fund that helps charities combat sexual abuse. In October, Watson penned a public letter calling for an end to restrictive abortion laws spanning from India to Ireland. At the same time, she was photographed wearing earrings made from shrapnel and undetonated bombs from Laos. David Attenborough, the elderly nature documentary broadcaster, used 2018 and the annual United Nations' climate talks in Poland to support young people and emphasize the urgent need for progress on climate action. Bollywood legend Amitabh Bachchan solidified his popularity in India by paying off the loans of farmers with over 40 million rupees ($560,000) after an agricultural crisis left many in severe poverty. Elton John, a British singer-songwriter known for his advocacy for LGBT+ rights, emphasized the need for greater support for individuals living in poverty to improve their access to HIV/AIDS medical treatment, labeling the current lack of access as "disgraceful." Millie Bobby Brown, the teenage star of the popular Netflix series "Stranger Things," was appointed as the youngest goodwill ambassador for the United Nations children's agency UNICEF this year. She pledged to address issues related to children's rights, education, poverty, and bullying, stating that being chosen for this role was a dream come true for her. Michelle Obama, the ex-first lady of the United States, has been traveling worldwide to promote her memoir and advocate for women's rights and girls' education. Raised in a working class family in Chicago, Obama aims to inspire women to find hope in challenging political and social environments. David Beckham, the former captain of the English soccer team, has recently joined a campaign led by charity Malaria No More UK to revitalize the global effort against malaria. The former athlete appeared in a short film where he was surrounded by mosquitoes to bring attention to the ongoing issue of malaria, which still claims the lives of approximately 445,000 people each year according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Australian actress Cate Blanchett, who is also a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations, spoke out about the Rohingya crisis, calling on nations to increase their support for refugees escaping Myanmar and seeking safety in Bangladesh. Blanchett, a two-time Oscar winner, emphasized the urgency of the situation, describing it as a "race against time" to ensure the protection of Rohingya refugees. Princess Beatrice, the eighth in line to the British throne, has been actively involved in advocating against online abuse and cyber-bullying, particularly targeting young women and girls. She is a member of a larger anti-bullying initiative supported by celebrities like Kendall Jenner and Cara Delevingne, known as "Be Cool Be Nice." | 2 |
The racially offensive graffiti reading "KKK Bitch" appeared in mid-October in Kokomo, Indiana, on cars, homes, and telephone poles. Many of the victims, including Peters, were African American, while some were not. A number of them had Democratic candidate lawn signs for the upcoming presidential election, which were defaced with the initials of the Ku Klux Klan. Peters believes that the intense atmosphere of the presidential campaign, particularly the inflammatory rhetoric of Republican candidate Donald Trump, has emboldened extremists. She expressed concern that when political figures make ignorant statements, it may give others the impression that such behavior is acceptable, which she finds very disheartening. "It appears that our nation is regressing." Law enforcement has no leads in the attacks. Democrats, such as the mayor and local party leaders, suspect political motives behind the incidents. Local Republicans are doubtful and think the damage was caused by ignorant troublemakers who do not represent the party. Throughout the country, the divisive and aggressive language of politics is starting to influence public conversations and divide the population. The exact impact is difficult to measure, as there is no national data on politically motivated crimes or inflammatory speech. However, the percentage of voters who think it is acceptable to insult political opponents has increased during the campaign season, rising from 30 percent in March to 43 percent in October, according to surveys conducted by the non-partisan Pew Research Center. A majority of voters from both parties have a very negative view of the other party, which is a first since Pew started asking the question in 1992. Trust in government is also at near record lows. Brian Levin, director of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University, believes these indicators show tensions between different groups that can lead to various levels of aggression, including extremist acts. While much of the hostility has been directed towards immigrants, African Americans, and other groups typically associated with Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton, Republicans have also faced criticism. The focus on extremism has largely centered on the Alt-Right, a group of white nationalists, anti-Semites, and immigration opponents that has aligned itself with the Trump campaign after emerging from the political shadows. A person who supports the Ku Klux Klan was observed displaying his tattoos during a rally at the statehouse in Columbia, South Carolina on July 18, 2015, according to Reuters. Trump's promises to construct a wall on the Mexican border, expel millions of undocumented immigrants, and investigate Muslims for connections to terrorism have stirred up the Alt-Right community. Michael Hill, a self-proclaimed white supremacist, anti-Semite, and xenophobe who leads the League of the South, a group focused on creating an independent "white man's land," believes that the current political climate has helped validate the Alt-Right's concerns about the diminishing white, Christian majority in the country. Hill stated that the overall atmosphere surrounding the current political campaign has been beneficial not only for his group but for other right-wing organizations as well. Similar nationalist movements have emerged in various countries, including Russia, Japan, and Britain. This rise in nationalism has been linked to violent incidents such as the shooting and stabbing of pro-EU lawmaker Jo Cox in Britain and reports of hostile political displays, vandalism, and violence in the United States, such as the burning of a black church in Mississippi and the spray painting of "Nazi Republicans leave town" on a building in North Carolina. In Utah, a man who had Trump yard signs on display discovered KKK graffiti on his car. At a college football game in Wisconsin, a fan wore a President Barack Obama mask with a noose around his neck. Both the Trump and Clinton campaigns did not respond to requests for comment. White nationalist Jared Taylor, who runs the website American Renaissance, stated that Trump's views align with the Alt-Right's goal of protecting white interests. However, Taylor believes the media is exaggerating Trump's support within the Alt-Right to undermine him. Trump has received criticism from both Democrats and some Republicans for not quickly condemning extreme elements of the political right. However, his campaign promptly rejected a pro-Trump story on the front page of a leading KKK newspaper, calling it "repulsive." Alt-Right figures like Taylor and Hill deny promoting vandalism or violence and argue that their rhetoric is not hate speech, claiming that they are unfairly vilified by the left. According to Heidi Beirich of the Southern Poverty Law Center, left-wing extremists have a history of confrontations with fascist or racist individuals or groups. She stated that anti-racists tend to be more violent than racists. The First Amendment of the US Constitution provides extensive protections for inflammatory speech, but there are laws that allow law enforcement to investigate and prosecute hate crimes based on bias against certain groups. Research conducted by California State University showed a 6 percent increase in hate crimes last year, with a significant 86 percent rise in crimes against Muslims. Some individuals involved in politics believe that there has been a decline in civility that began long before the current presidential race. Craig Dunn, the Republican party chairman for Howard County, Indiana, which includes Kokomo, states that extreme voices are being amplified through the Internet and social media, leading to a breakdown in civility. Local officials are concerned about the impact on their community. Kokomo Mayor Greg Goodnight, a Democrat, notes that there is more tension and volatility in the atmosphere, and the recent graffiti attacks have been particularly troubling. Monica Fowler, who had her Democratic yard signs vandalized with "KKK," is struggling to cope with the attacks. She says it is acceptable to have different opinions, but if your actions will frighten or hurt someone else, it is not acceptable. | 2 |
The Dhaka City Corporation has approximately 250 dumpsters filled with waste in the capital, which is not sufficient for a city with millions of residents. To address this issue, a youth-based organization called Footsteps is planning to privatize trash cans. Through their project 'WECan', they aim to sell commercial trash cans to businesses and place them in front of corporate offices for public use. These trash cans will be a part of a company's Corporate Social Responsibility and will feature the company's logo and a socially impactful message. They will be sold at Tk 5000 each and come with metal chains to prevent theft. Revenue earned from this initiative will be used to provide winter clothes to the poor. Footsteps encourages companies to purchase multiple cans for better effectiveness. Companies will be responsible for maintaining the cans, which will not only benefit the environment but also serve as an advertisement campaign. The organization, founded in 2012, aims to engage Bangladeshi youth in various social issues. Teams of volunteers are competing to boost sales of the cans. | 2 |
Fifty years after the opening of the first atomic power plant in Obninsk near Moscow, nuclear power is becoming more appealing environmentally due to climate change, despite the lack of final storage for highly toxic waste. Studies show that the world's 439 nuclear power plants emit very few greenhouse gases, preventing emissions equivalent to those of Japan each year compared to fossil fuels. However, the risks of accidents, like the one at Chernobyl in 1986, create difficult decisions for governments considering nuclear power as a solution to combat global warming. According to Rajendra Pachauri, head of the UN Climate Panel, nuclear power is not a simple choice, as it accounts for a significant percentage of the world's electricity generation. In order to handle toxic waste that will remain hazardous for thousands of years, countries need to have proper institutions and disposal facilities in place. This decision is ultimately up to each individual country. Despite the lack of permanent repositories for high-level waste, several countries, including Britain, Finland, and France, are investing in new nuclear power stations. Additionally, companies in the United States have started applying for licenses to build new plants. The global nuclear industry is expanding, with thirty-four plants currently under construction. While some people are becoming more accepting of nuclear power due to factors such as climate change and energy security, others remain opposed to it. Jan Beranek of the Greenpeace environmental group expressed skepticism about the idea of a 'nuclear renaissance', arguing that nuclear energy is not a viable solution and instead, resources should be invested in renewable energies. Norwegian Environment Minister Erik Solheim also raised concerns about the storage issues associated with nuclear power, advocating for technology to bury carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power plants. Despite these reservations, the U.N. climate panel in 2007 stated that nuclear power could be an effective option for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The panel referenced a study which stated that nuclear power currently prevents 1.5 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases from being emitted annually, in comparison to the global average for electricity generation emissions. This is similar to Japan's greenhouse gas emissions in 2005, which were 1.4 billion tonnes. However, other research suggests that nuclear emissions may be higher due to factors like ore processing and decommissioning. Additionally, there are concerns about the environmental impact of nuclear power, as well as worries about potential terrorist attacks on nuclear plants and the misuse of technology for weapons. Ferenc Toth, a senior energy economist at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), noted that the immediate association with nuclear power is often negative, evoking memories of disasters like Chernobyl. The IAEA predicts that the leak at Chernobyl could result in the deaths of 4,000 people near the plant and 5,000 further away due to radiation-induced cancers. Toth mentioned that the environmental advantages of nuclear power, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, are not as well-known. He also stated that nuclear power could be a viable environmental option for developing countries, citing China as an example where it could help reduce smog in cities like Beijing. Additionally, an IAEA study suggested that nuclear power could be a competitive alternative to coal mines over long distances in India due to high transportation costs. He observed that large developing countries were also exploring ways to reduce their increasing greenhouse gas emissions in the long run, despite not having any restrictions under the U.N.'s Kyoto Protocol until 2012. The UN Climate Panel stated that while there are temporary waste storage sites, there are currently no permanent repositories for high-level waste like spent light-water reactor fuel. Toth mentioned that Finland and Sweden are the closest to implementing deep geological storage. The Yucca Mountain site in the United States could take up to 10 to 15 years. However, he suggested that future technologies might allow for recycling of the waste before it needs to be permanently buried. | 2 |
Marguerite Hanley, a native Californian living in Amsterdam, has chosen to slow down her ambitious honeymoon plans in Africa due to the realization of the impact of our actions on a global scale, particularly in light of COVID-19. Instead of a whirlwind trip, she has decided to focus on supporting conservation and local communities by spending more time at a few camps in Botswana. This decision aligns with the principles of slow travel, which values sustainability, local traditions, and reducing one's carbon footprint. The enduring appeal of walking the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route in Spain has been attracting more travelers in recent years for various reasons such as seeking solace from social distancing, avoiding flight-shaming, finding a meditative break, or practicing caution inspired by the pandemic. These more mindful trips involve visiting fewer places and moving at a slower pace, whether by car, train, bike, foot, or canoe. Kyle Kowalski, the founder of Sloww, a website dedicated to slow living, explains that slow travel is not about a packed itinerary, but intentionally choosing to do less in order to experience more. Instead of rushing through activities, slow travel emphasizes balance and a slower pace, allowing for flexibility and spontaneity. The pandemic has led to a slower lifestyle for many, which has contributed to the growth of the slow travel movement. Environmental benefits observed during the pandemic have inspired individuals like Julia Douglas to opt for walking or taking a train instead of flying, in an effort to continue reducing pollution. While commuter train ridership has declined, long-distance train travel has seen an increase in popularity, with companies like Amtrak Vacations reporting a 47 percent rise in bookings compared to 2019. In Europe, 2021 has been designated as the European Year of Rail by the European Union in order to emphasize sustainable transportation. As a result, long-distance train travel has experienced a resurgence, with night train networks making a comeback. One new company, Midnight Trains, is planning to introduce luxury sleeper cars on routes from Paris to over 10 cities starting in 2024. The ability to work from anywhere, a trend that emerged during the pandemic, has allowed many people to extend their travels. Airbnb reported a 10 percent increase in stays of 28 days or longer in the first quarter of 2021 compared to the same period in 2019. Additionally, Exclusive Resorts, a membership home rental service, saw a 550 percent increase in bookings of 21 days or more in 2021 compared to 2019. The current travel requirements, such as testing and entry applications, are causing delays in the travel process. In the past, travelers would visit multiple countries on a single trip, but now they are opting for single-country safaris due to COVID-19 testing and flight connection issues. For example, travelers are choosing safaris in Kenya, Uganda, or Zambia for their variety of experiences and reliable international access. The need for a COVID-19 test before returning to the United States acts as a natural obstacle. Travel experts suggest adding extra days near the departure point to easily handle testing requirements before flying home. In addition to practical concerns, there are other factors slowing down travel. Travellers who have been feeling overwhelmed due to the coronavirus pandemic for over a year are finding a sense of calm in the idea of "kos," a Norwegian term that represents peace, harmony, and gratitude. Up Norway, a travel company, is offering 28-day stays in remote areas of the country where travellers can take their time to appreciate the culture and natural beauty. This experience is a departure from the typical quick visits to popular tourist destinations like Big Ben, the Eiffel Tower, and the Roman Colosseum. According to Denise Ambrusko-Maida, a travel adviser in New York, people are now seeking more meaningful and less crowded travel experiences away from tourist hot spots in Europe and Asia. Rebecca Werner, a travel adviser in Chicago, recently arranged a train trip to Glacier National Park for a family from Wisconsin who enjoy playing chess and are fans of "The Queen's Gambit." The family prefers to focus on their personal interests rather than ticking off items on a bucket list while traveling. Similarly, David Demers from Naples, Florida, is planning extended trips to Israel and the Mediterranean next year to indulge in his passions for history, theatre, food, and art. Both travelers have learned from the pandemic that it is important to slow down and focus on what truly matters while exploring new destinations. In response to this trend, the travel company Sojrn now offers monthlong trips centered around specific educational themes, such as philosophy in Athens, wine in Italy, or Spanish language in Colombia. Travelers stay in local apartments and take part in weekly dinners and events, allowing for plenty of free time to work and explore. Cara Wright from Apple Valley, Minnesota, is looking forward to not overplanning her trip to Italy with Sojrn in October, as she has done in the past. Donna Hetrick, a potter from Pittsburgh, sees slow travel as a way to lessen her environmental impact. Rather than opting for a short two-week safari, Hetrick plans to bike around Africa for several months starting in 2022 with TDA Global Cycling. In addition to reducing her carbon footprint and gaining a deep understanding of the places she visits, the long journey provides a sense of connection. She stated that being on a bicycle makes you more approachable to people. Slow tourism, which emphasizes sustainable travel practices such as exploring lesser-known areas, connecting with local communities, and supporting locally owned businesses, is seen as a solution to overtourism issues. Martha Honey, a sustainable travel expert, believes that slow tourism is more sustainable as it encourages visitors to spend more time in a destination and spread out, benefiting both the traveler and the destination. She attributes the rise of slow tourism to the recent buy-local movement during the pandemic, which helped support local businesses and minimize disruption while providing economic benefits. According to a recent survey by Flywire, a payment-processing service, the trend of travellers seeking uncrowded destinations continues, with three-quarters of respondents indicating a preference for less populated areas. Responsible Travel has responded to this demand by offering an 11-week trip around the world by train and cargo ship, providing a unique and environmentally friendly travel experience. This type of travel allows for a deeper connection with the surroundings and a greater appreciation for the cultural and environmental connections between countries. For those seeking a more human-powered experience, activities such as hiking, biking, and paddling offer a slower pace that allows for a closer connection to nature and the small details often missed at higher speeds. Kristi Growdon, a personal golf trainer from Seattle, emphasizes the unique perspective gained from traveling slowly on a bicycle rather than in a car. VBT Bicycling Vacations has experienced high demand for domestic departures this year. The Maine Island Trail Association has seen a 23 percent increase in membership, providing access to trail information for over 200 undeveloped islands along the Maine coast. Michael Daugherty, co-owner of Sea Kayak Stonington, highlights the advantages of sea kayaking in exploring the intertidal zone and the dynamic nature of the experience. Daugherty, along with his wife Rebecca, has paddled 625 miles along the Maine coast and published the illustrated book "Upwest & Downeast" in 2020, reflecting their artistic and adventurous endeavors. During my 55-day trip, I realized that it was not slow enough for me. Tour operators are now offering more relaxed vacation packages to cater to this trend in travel. Backroads, an active travel company, recently launched a division called Dolce Tempo which offers a less ambitious pace for travelers. The demand for these trips is high, with nearly all 2021 trips already sold out. In 2022, the company plans to add 100 new Dolce Tempo departures both domestically and internationally, including destinations such as Scandinavia, England, and along the Danube River. While it typically takes about 5 1/2 hours to drive from Denver to Moab, Utah, riders of the Rocky Mountaineer train can now cover the route in two days starting in August, with a scenic ride and an overnight stay in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. The new Rockies to the Red Rocks route has become very popular, leading the company to increase capacity and extend the inaugural season until Nov 19. It is worth noting that there is no Wi-Fi available on board. In southern Utah, the new Aquarius Trail Hut System features five backcountry huts made from recycled shipping containers and powered by solar energy along a 190-mile biking route from Brian Head Peak to Escalante. Cyclists ride through Dixie National Forest, passing through Red Canyon and Bryce Canyon National Park. Jared Fisher, owner of Escape Adventures in Las Vegas, spent five years developing the Aquarius Trail Hut System to make bike-packing more accessible by providing food and bedding, reducing the need for extensive gear and planning. Fisher, who is passionate about bike-packing, has traveled across the United States on three different occasions. He finds joy in the independence and mental clarity that comes with biking, as well as the opportunity to fully experience nature with all his senses. | 2 |
Pakistani comedian Alamzeb Mujahid, also known as Janaan, announced his retirement from showbiz after being released by Islamist militants who kidnapped him in Peshawar city. Mujahid did not provide details about the kidnapping or his reasons for leaving the stage during a news conference. However, friends and colleagues believe he was targeted by Islamist vigilantes trying to impose Taliban-style values in the North West Frontier Province. Despite being a veteran actor in theater and television, the 38-year-old is now growing a beard for his future outside of comedy. Reluctant to discuss his life-changing event, Mujahid informed Reuters that he was joining Tablighi Jamaat, a Muslim missionary group, to spread religious teachings. "God has provided for me in the past and will continue to do so," he stated solemnly. Mujahid was fortunate, as others who have crossed militant moral codes were not as lucky. In a disturbing incident in January, a female dancer named Shabana was forcibly taken onto the street and shot in the heart of Mingora, a town in Swat, a valley located about 130 km (80 miles) north of the capital Islamabad, where militants hold significant power. Gunmen attempted to assassinate Pashtun singer Sardar Yousafzai in Dir district as he was returning home from performing at a wedding in December. Yousafzai managed to escape, but his harmonium player, Anwar Gul, was killed and four other individuals were injured in the attack. The atmosphere for those involved in the entertainment industry in the area became hostile after Islamist parties gained power in NWFP due to anti-American sentiments following the US-led invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001. Islamist parties disapproved of music on public transport and removed movie posters featuring women, while militants took more extreme actions. Initially, music stores in tribal areas like Waziristan were destroyed, and then the attacks extended to other parts of the northwest as Islamist influence spread towards urban areas. In June of last year, armed Taliban fighters moved through Peshawar, the capital of the province, in trucks, threatening music store owners to shut down or face consequences. This event caused alarm throughout Pakistan, just three months after a civilian government took office, leading security forces to take action. Since then, more tribal regions and districts in the NWFP have become targets for militants. The army has carried out military operations in tribal areas like Bajaur and Mohmand. Although progress is being made in certain areas, insecurity is increasing in others, including Peshawar. The defeat of Islamist parties in NWFP after an election last year gave hope that the region would once again become a safe place for cultural activities. However, the secular Pashtun party currently in power has not been able to fulfill this promise, despite having good intentions. Syed Aqil Shah, who serves as the provincial minister for sports and culture, emphasized the importance of collectively opposing militants. He stated that it is incorrect to rely solely on the government to address this issue, and emphasized the need for the entire population and civil society to take a stand against these threats. However, the fear of becoming a target has led several singers and musicians to flee the country, with others considering doing the same. One singer expressed fear of leaving their home, stating that even when they go out, their wife constantly calls to check on them. They are so scared that they are considering moving abroad. Some individuals have decided to find safer ways to support their families financially. A musician, who now sells fruit and vegetables for a living, lamented that ninety percent of the music industry has died. Next to him, his harmonium sat covered in dust. | 2 |
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