body
stringlengths 6
42.2k
| labels
int64 0
6
|
|---|---|
Turks will vote for a new parliament on Sunday in a crucial election that has been marked by tensions between the ruling AK Party and the secular elite. The AK Party is expected to win, but with a smaller majority that may not allow them to change the constitution. This has led to a boost in Turkish financial markets, as investors support the party's economic policies but are wary of potential conflicts with secularists and the army. The EU is monitoring the election closely, hoping for a new government that can push forward with reforms in Turkey. According to some analysts, investors are not adequately concerned about the risks involved. Wolfango Piccoli from Eurasia Group, a political risk consultancy, believes that the recent elections in Turkey will not resolve the institutional deadlock, but rather postpone the country's issues. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan was forced to hold early polls after facing opposition from the secular elite, including the army, top judges, and opposition parties, in his attempt to have Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul elected as the next president. The new parliament is now responsible for electing Turkey's next president. Secularists are worried that Erdogan and Gul, who were once affiliated with Islamists, aim to weaken Turkey's separation of state and religion, a claim both men have denied. A two-thirds majority would give the AK Party in Turkey the power to make changes to the secular constitution and elect their preferred presidential candidate, regardless of opposition. To ease concerns from secularists and appeal to urban middle-class voters, Erdogan has replaced some more conservative members of his party with centrist and female candidates. Erdogan has also shown willingness to compromise on the presidency, which has traditionally been held by secularists. Polls suggest the AK Party may receive around 40% of the vote, an increase from 34% in 2002, but may end up with fewer seats due to more parties surpassing the 10% threshold to enter parliament. Polarisation is expected in the upcoming election, with the main opposition parties and independents, including pro-Kurdish candidates, likely to win seats in the parliament. A professor at Ankara's Middle East Technical University, Ayse Ayata, believes a coalition government could help reduce polarization. 42.5 million Turks will be voting out of a total population of 74 million, including four million young people voting for the first time in a national election. Analysts anticipate heated debates in the new parliament between AK Party ex-Islamists and CHP arch-secularists, as well as between Kurdish deputies advocating for more rights and MHP ultra-nationalists who see these demands as a threat to Turkish national security. Mehmet Ali Birand, a seasoned TV commentator, believes the upcoming parliament will test whether Turks and Kurds can come to a consensus on resolving the Kurdish issue. The conflict between Turkish security forces and Kurdish separatist rebels in the southeast region, ongoing since 1984 and resulting in over 30,000 casualties, has been a major focus in the current nationalist political climate. Despite this, discussions about Turkey's EU membership bid have been minimal, indicating a growing disillusionment among the public with the EU project. | 2 |
During a meeting in Copenhagen on June 8, Myanmar's Social Welfare Minister Win Myat Aye informed a group of diplomats, analysts, and members of a commission chaired by former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan that eight recommendations, including one calling for amendments to the 1982 law, were not feasible in the current political climate and could not be immediately implemented, according to sources present. One attendee stated that Win Myat Aye clearly stated that citizenship reform was not possible. The sources requested anonymity as Myanmar had asked for the discussions to remain confidential. Both Win Myat Aye and government spokesman Zaw Htay did not respond to requests for comments. The amendment of the 1982 law, which limits citizenship to members of the "national races," the 135 ethnic groups recognized by the state as indigenous, was a significant recommendation of the Annan commission. The Buddhist-majority country of Myanmar does not consider the Rohingya people to be an indigenous ethnic group, instead referring to them as "Bengalis", a term the Rohingya reject as it suggests they are outsiders from Bangladesh, despite having a long history in Myanmar. The Annan commission, established by Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi in 2016, aimed to address deep-rooted ethnic and religious divisions in Rakhine. Following the release of the commission's report in August 2017, Rohingya militants launched attacks on security forces, leading to a military crackdown that the UN has condemned as ethnic cleansing. Win Myat Aye, who is in charge of reconstruction efforts in conflict-stricken Rakhine state, admitting doubts about the feasibility of repatriating the roughly 700,000 Rohingya refugees currently living in overcrowded camps in Bangladesh. Many Rohingya refugee leaders insist on guarantees of citizenship before they will consider returning to Myanmar. Myanmar's National Security Adviser Thaung Tun stated that authorities are diligently carrying out the recommendations of the Annan commission as quickly and thoroughly as possible. He mentioned that more than 80 recommendations have already been implemented in less than 10 months and those that have not been implemented are currently under review. Reports from refugees have detailed atrocities such as killings, burnings, looting, and rape committed by Myanmar security forces and Buddhist vigilantes in Rakhine. Myanmar has denied allegations of ethnic cleansing and dismissed most reports of atrocities. In January, Myanmar and Bangladesh agreed to repatriate the refugees within two years, but disagreements have delayed the process. Many Rohingya refugees refuse to return unless changes are made to the 1982 law. Those who identified as Rohingya were not included in Myanmar's 2014 census and many had their identity documents confiscated, preventing them from voting in the 2015 election. Suu Kyi, who once advocated for reviewing the law, is now encouraging Rohingya to accept the National Verification Card, which does not grant full citizenship. However, a number of Rohingya individuals are reluctant to accept the document, arguing that it categorizes long-time residents as new immigrants and restricts their ability to travel freely. The military, which Suu Kyi shares power with, firmly denies Rohingya demands for citizenship. In a speech given in March, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing stated that Rohingya do not share any characteristics or culture with Myanmar's ethnic groups and blamed the conflict on the Bengalis' request for citizenship. During the Copenhagen meeting, diplomats were on the verge of taking a lunch break when Win Myat Aye mentioned that Myanmar had implemented only 80 out of the 88 recommendations put forth by the commission, citing political and practical disagreements with the remaining eight. One attendee reported that Annan asked for clarification on which specific recommendations were causing difficulties. Let's revisit this discussion after the break," Win Myat Aye then outlined the recommendations that Myanmar was having difficulty implementing. These recommendations included setting up an independent body to address complaints about citizenship verification, empowering community leaders and civil society, and creating a feedback mechanism for government performance. "When diplomatic language describes something as challenging, it is usually a form of rejection," explained the second source. "That is how I interpreted this." | 2 |
On Tuesday, Shahana Hanif, a former City Council employee, made history by becoming the first Muslim woman elected to the Council in Brooklyn's Park Slope, Kensington, and central Brooklyn district. She was joined by Shekar Krishnan, another South Asian candidate who won a seat in Queens. Despite New York City having a significant Muslim population, Hanif's victory marked a milestone for representation in the Council. Hanif expressed her gratitude and pride in being the first Muslim woman and woman of any faith to represent District 39. She mentioned volunteers and support from the community and progressive organizations, such as the Working Families Party. She stated that they are working towards creating a city that is anti-racist and feminist, one that protects the most vulnerable and provides equitable education, invests in local climate solutions, ensures immigrant neighbors feel at home and safe. She emphasized the importance of continuing this work even after the election. Next year, the City Council will have its first openly gay Black women serving as members: Kristin Richardson Jordan in Harlem and Crystal Hudson in Brooklyn. Other LGBTQ candidates, including Tiffany Cabán in Queens, also secured victories. Chi Ossé and Erik Bottcher ran unopposed in Brooklyn and Manhattan, respectively. Lynn Schulman was predicted to secure a seat in Queens. These candidates are part of a trend towards increased diversity in New York City Council, which is projected to be almost as diverse as the city itself next year. Over 25 women are likely to hold a majority of seats in the Council, a historic first. | 2 |
Harris, the first Black woman and Asian-American on a major US presidential ticket, shared her life story as a representation of the American dream during the Democratic National Convention. She criticized Donald Trump's leadership failures for causing loss of lives and jobs. Former President Barack Obama also criticized Trump for his failures leading to 170,000 coronavirus deaths, loss of jobs, and tarnishing America's reputation. The event was dominated by female speakers and moderators, with Harris targeting women, young Americans, and voters of color in her case against Trump. She stated that the chaos, incompetence, and callousness of the current administration have left Americans feeling adrift, afraid, and alone. The speaker expressed that there is a lot at stake and believes that there is room for improvement. She criticized the current president for using tragedies for political gain and expressed confidence that Joe Biden will approach challenges with a sense of purpose. Biden is currently leading Trump in polls, especially among women voters. Throughout the convention, Democrats have been targeting women voters by emphasizing Biden's role in co-sponsoring the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 and his plans to improve childcare and protect family healthcare benefits. Obama, who served as vice president under Biden from 2009-2017, expressed disappointment that Trump did not take the presidency seriously or show respect for American democracy. Obama criticized Trump for not growing into the role and stated that the consequences of his failure have been severe, including the loss of millions of jobs. "Our worst impulses unleashed, our proud reputation around the world badly diminished, and our democratic institutions threatened like never before," Obama stated. Biden, 77, faces added significance in choosing a running mate, as he would be the oldest person to become president if elected. Speculation about his age has led to suggestions he may serve only one term, making Harris, 55, a potential top contender for the nomination in 2024. Biden selected Harris as his running mate last week to challenge incumbents Trump, 74, and Vice President Mike Pence, 61. Hillary Clinton, the 2016 Democratic presidential nominee, shared at the convention that she frequently hears from voters who regret supporting Trump or not voting at all. Clinton stressed the importance of voting in the upcoming election, emphasizing that it cannot be another missed opportunity. She highlighted the significance of every vote, stating that it is crucial to vote as if our lives and livelihoods depend on it. Clinton also pointed out the possibility of winning the popular vote but still losing the election, as seen in her own experience against Trump. She urged for a strong victory for Biden and Harris, warning that even a substantial margin in the popular vote may not guarantee success in winning the White House. According to me, it is crucial to have a large number of votes to prevent Trump from winning through deceit or theft. Democrats are concerned about Trump's attacks on mail-in voting and changes at the US Postal Service that could impact the election. Postmaster General Louis DeJoy, a Trump supporter, has made changes that could cause delays in mail delivery during the election season. DeJoy has announced that he will postpone these changes until after the election. Democrats have also shared videos highlighting Trump's immigration policies, opposition to gun control, and withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement. Nancy Pelosi, the first woman Speaker of the US House of Representatives, pointed out Trump's lack of respect for facts, working families, and women, which is evident in his policies. Senator Elizabeth Warren highlighted Biden's plan to make childcare more affordable as essential for helping working Americans. Harris will have a chance to discuss her immigrant background and her accomplishments in breaking gender and racial barriers. She became well-known in the Senate for her thorough questioning of Trump nominees, such as Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh and Attorney General Bill Barr. The Republican National Convention, which will also be mostly virtual, is scheduled for next week. | 2 |
Students who arrive late will not be allowed to enter. If you talk to your classmate during the lesson, you will receive a warning. If you continue to do so, you will be told to leave. Fadoua El Ouni, who took Kais Saied's constitutional law class at Carthage University in her first year, was initially surprised by this strict policy. She wondered if all university courses would be the same, but they were not. Saied was renowned on campus for captivating classrooms with his commanding voice and formal speech. However, when El Ouni heard him speak in everyday Tunisian dialect, she described it as a surreal experience. Since Saied's decision to suspend parliament and dismiss his prime minister last month, Tunisians have been grappling with the contradictions of his actions. Many wonder how a political newcomer who was known for his strict demeanor and adherence to the constitution could justify seizing power. There is debate over whether Saied is a populist hero or a dangerous demagogue, and whether he will save or destroy Tunisia's democracy. Supporters believe he is the last hope to achieve the revolution's unfulfilled goals, while critics see him as an uncompromising ideologue. "We know that individuals who are clean and genuinely strive to achieve good goals can sometimes transform into individuals who resort to violence," Saied, a long-time law professor, is not the type to indulge in extravagant luxuries like a pet tiger or imported frozen yogurt, as seen in the family of Tunisia's former dictator, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Saied prefers coffee shops with plastic chairs and resides in a middle-class neighborhood with his wife and three children, even after being elected president in 2019. His motivation stems from a sense of responsibility and religious duty to empower the youth and the poor who sparked Tunisia's 2011 revolution. He aims to provide education, healthcare, and a better life for the people while eliminating corruption. Despite his own reluctance, Saied declared, "I am running against my own will," during his presidential campaign. God commands you to engage in warfare, even though you may find it distasteful. Bearing responsibility can be burdensome, akin to a soldier reluctantly preparing for battle. Saied's team did not comment on interview requests. As a devout Muslim, Saied views his presidency as a test from God that he cannot turn down. According to Mohamed-Dhia Hammami, a Tunisian political researcher at Syracuse University, Saied feels obligated to fulfill his duty as people expect him to do so. The concept in Islam is that everyone faces challenges, and in his case, it is being the president. Some may see this as a cover for demagoguery, but even his critics acknowledge that his beliefs are genuine and stem from his faith and concern for the disadvantaged. Saied, who comes from a diverse background in Tunis, became involved in national politics in 2011 after the initial revolutionary protests and the departure of Ben Ali. He stood in solidarity with protesters from underserved areas who were demanding significant reforms. Videos showing his visits quickly spread on Facebook. While he was part of an advisory committee working on drafting a new constitution, he was not given one of the pens, which bothered him. He frequently appeared on Tunisian television criticizing the new constitution for giving too much power to Parliament. He also expressed concern that voters would have limited choices among electoral lists pushed by power-hungry political parties. Tunisians would have a stronger connection to their democracy if they chose representatives they were personally familiar with. The suggested solution was a political system that started at the grassroots level with hundreds of locally elected councils, and also had a powerful president. Despite skepticism about the feasibility of this idea, one activist who interacted with the professor during the democratic transition noted that he was determined and unwavering in his beliefs, even though arguing with him was futile. Many Tunisians considered him essential viewing on TV, believing he spoke absolute truth about the constitution like a prophet. His austere authority became more appealing as corruption scandals and economic hardships increased, leading to calls for him to run for president on Facebook pages. He declined until 2019. The narrative of his presidential campaign has become well-known in Tunisia, with details such as the popular slogan "The people want," reminiscent of the 2011 revolution, volunteers who joined his campaign without being asked, limited campaign financing from his own wallet, rumors of foreign funding despite his reputation for integrity, and his decisive victory in the runoff election. He emphasized the importance of people's sovereignty and starting everything from them in an interview. He mentioned a pivotal moment when a poor man tearfully urged him to run for president, likening it to a spiritual experience. This encounter was not the only one of its kind, as videos often surface online showing Saied embracing impoverished protesters at the presidential palace or taking time to greet regular Tunisians on the street. Imen Neffati, a Tunisia researcher at Oxford University, stated that what sets him apart from other politicians is his genuine concern for the people. Critics may view him as a mere law professor who did not complete his doctorate, and some may disagree with his social views, such as his support for the death penalty and opposition to equal inheritance for men and women. Despite his controversial stances, he is known for his unwavering determination. An European ambassador and informal adviser has stated that he will never engage in negotiations with corrupt politicians or parties, which means he will not be dealing with Ennahda, the dominant party in Parliament, or most of Tunisia's business and political elite. Diplomats have noted that every meeting at the presidential palace is more of a lecture than a dialogue. Advisers have mentioned that he only listens to a select few, including his wife. Since July 25, Saied's security forces have imposed travel bans and house arrests on judges, politicians, and business owners without proper legal procedures, causing concern among his own supporters that he may be moving towards autocracy. Recently, his office announced that the 30-day period for his "exceptional measures" would be extended, without specifying for how long. It is widely anticipated that he will attempt to alter Tunisia's electoral system and modify its constitution to expand presidential authority. Despite his pledge to appoint a new prime minister by Tuesday, Tarek Kahlaoui, a Tunisian political analyst, was informed by presidential advisors that Saied views the role as more of a "manager" rather than a true head of government. Saied justified his power seizure by referring to Article 80 of the constitution, which grants the president extensive emergency powers in times of imminent threat to the country. However, constitutional experts believe his actions are in violation of this provision, as Parliament is required to remain in session. Despite his legal expertise, those familiar with Saied say he often relies on emotion and instinct in his decision-making. Kahlaoui stated that he believes the people have chosen him. When people took to the streets, he felt it was his moment to take action. | 2 |
President Nicolas Sarkozy defended Muammar Gaddafi's recent visit to France by stating that the Libyan leader is not considered a dictator in the Arab world. Gaddafi's visit, the first in 34 years, resulted in the signing of multiple business agreements. Critics, including human rights groups and the opposition Socialists, accused Sarkozy of prioritizing economic interests over human rights. Sarkozy justified the invitation by pointing to Libya's release of foreign medics accused of infecting Libyan children with HIV, a deal in which Paris played a role. Sarkozy emphasized that Gaddafi is not viewed as a dictator in the Arab world, as he told Le Nouvel Observateur magazine. Sarkozy stated that he is the longest serving head of state in the region and in the Arab world, which is significant. He believes that France should engage in dialogue with everyone while also standing firm on its values. Gaddafi came into power in 1969 through a military coup. Libya's relationships with Western countries improved after abandoning programs to create weapons of mass destruction in 2003 and providing compensation to families affected by bombings of U.S. and French planes. However, Amnesty International emphasized that Libya's reintegration into the international community must involve genuine cooperation on human rights and trade matters. The group stated that President Nicolas Sarkozy must not only focus on commercial agreements but also ensure concrete measures are in place to improve human rights in Libya. The value of the contracts signed in France this week has caused controversy, with some sources suggesting that the deals were already in progress or still being negotiated. Socialist Arnaud Montebourg described the visit as a tragicomic farce in parliament. Gaddafi criticized France, diminishing its influence and damaging the global impact of its message. He expressed to French business leaders that strengthening political relations between Tripoli and Paris would benefit companies. Gaddafi also praised French companies in Libya and mentioned that previous political decisions had negatively affected firms, but the current political environment was more favorable for their development. | 2 |
The China Initiative, launched in 2018 under the Trump administration, targeted researchers like Chen for failing to disclose Chinese affiliations in grant proposals to US funding agencies. Critics argue that these prosecutions unfairly target scientists of Chinese descent and blur the line between disclosure violations and more serious crimes like espionage, creating a climate of fear in academia. Chen was arrested in January 2021 for omitting affiliations with Chinese government institutions in grant applications to the US Department of Energy in 2017. He denied all charges against him, but officials at the Department of Energy have recently informed prosecutors that Chen was not required to disclose his seven affiliations, casting doubt on the validity of the charges. The Justice Department is considering dismissing cases and potentially retiring the China Initiative as they review the potential national security risks posed by China's global influence. Officials from multiple administrations have expressed concerns about China's attempts to steal intellectual property through unconventional means, such as using academics as sources of sensitive information. The program has led to many pleas and convictions, such as a Monsanto employee caught leaving the country with a proprietary algorithm and a Coca-Cola chemist who stole a valuable formula. Last month, a jury in Boston found Harvard chemist Charles Leiber guilty of six felonies, including false statements and failure to report income from China, after a short deliberation. However, some cases against academics have not held up. The first trial involving Anming Hu, an engineering professor at the University of Tennessee, ended in acquittal in September due to lack of evidence of intentional fraud. The Justice Department has also dropped seven cases against researchers recently. The most prominent case to be dismissed so far is against Chen, a naturalized US citizen since 2000. He is an elite scientist with strong support from his university. Chen, who has been on paid leave from MIT since his arrest, expressed gratitude to friends and colleagues for their support during a challenging year. He criticized the China Initiative and highlighted the ongoing fear it brings to the academic community. The decision to drop the case was made after prosecutors found new information showing that the Chinese affiliations in question were not crucial to the funding agency. Newly sworn-in US attorney Rachael Rollins acknowledged the impact of charging decisions on people's lives. "As the United States attorney, I will always encourage the prosecutors in our office to conduct thorough and ongoing reviews throughout legal proceedings. The decision to dismiss today's case was made after careful consideration and is in the best interest of justice." When Chen was arrested a year ago, the statements from the prosecutor's office were much harsher. The US attorney at the time, Andrew E Lelling, suggested that Chen's actions were motivated by loyalty to China, while FBI special agent Joseph R Bonavolonta accused Chen of knowingly defrauding federal grants. The charges eventually filed were narrower in scope, focusing on two counts of wire fraud related to Chen's failure to disclose certain affiliations while applying for a grant to study heat conduction in polymer structures. These affiliations included roles as a consultant for the Chinese government and various Chinese organizations. He was charged with not reporting a Chinese bank account with over $10,000 and with providing false information to government officials in his grant applications. Department of Energy officials indicated that the undisclosed affiliations would not have affected the grant approval. Chen's lawyer credited witnesses for clarifying misunderstandings and stated that Chen never lied. The lawyer expressed relief that the government recognized Chen's innocence. Our defense was that Gang did not commit any of the crimes he was accused of. The Biden administration is expected to make changes to the China Initiative soon, as the Department of Justice reviews its approach to countering threats from the Chinese government. The name China Initiative might be changed and the cases could be handled by the National Security Division instead. Officials are considering resolving the cases individually rather than offering amnesty in grant fraud cases. Lelling, one of the creators of the China Initiative, is now advocating for the Justice Department to stop prosecuting individuals based on grant disclosures. He believes the initiative was originally meant to combat espionage but has lost focus. Lelling stated that the fear created by the China Initiative has hindered collaboration among researchers, and suggested that the DOJ should reconsider its approach. Despite this, he acknowledged that prosecuting academics has led to increased transparency regarding Chinese funding in research. "What is deterrence? You avoid speeding because you fear getting a ticket. Deterrence revolves around fear." MIT President Rafael Reif expressed his eagerness for Chen to resume his responsibilities at the university and acknowledged the immense burden the case had placed on him and his family, which was unimaginable. Reif stated, "It is challenging to come to terms with the suffering and pain experienced by such admirable individuals, people we are proud and lucky to know, in the past two years. This case has also caused ongoing distress within our community, especially for Gang's friends, students, and colleagues, as well as for individuals of Chinese descent at MIT and beyond." © 2022 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Modi announced on television that all three farm laws will be repealed, with the process starting in the upcoming Parliament session. He urged protesting farmers to go back home and start anew. Protest leaders cautiously welcomed Modi's decision and planned to meet in New Delhi to discuss the next steps. Many protesters are from the Sikh community, and the announcement was made on Guru Nanak Jayanti. Farmer leader and activist Ramandeep Singh Mann expressed his excitement and compared it to conquering Mount Everest. Mann stated that it is still uncertain whether the government will agree to the farmers' demand for a separate law guaranteeing a minimum price for crops. He mentioned that the farmers will continue their protest outside New Delhi until Parliament officially repeals the three laws. Despite the farmers' refusal to compromise, Modi's government has supported the market-friendly laws passed last year. The protesters have endured harsh winter conditions, summer heat, and the challenges of a deadly COVID-19 wave in New Delhi. Modi’s government initially claimed that the new laws would attract private investment to a sector that is crucial for the livelihood of over 60% of India’s population, but has not been contributing significantly to the economy. However, farmers, who are already burdened by debt and bankruptcies, were concerned that loosening government regulations would make them vulnerable to large corporations. The repeal of the laws coincides with Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party stepping up its campaign for the upcoming elections in northern Indian states where many protesting farmers reside. Despite multiple failed negotiations, farmers began following top government officials during their travels across northern India this fall to ensure their concerns were heard. In October, a confrontation between protesting farmers and a BJP convoy in Uttar Pradesh resulted in the deaths of four protesters and four others, including a local journalist. The son of a minister in Modi's government is being investigated for murder, along with others. Jagdeep Singh, whose father Nakshatra Singh was killed, believes that the decision to repeal the laws honors those who died during a year of protests, whether from extreme temperatures, heart attacks, COVID, or other causes. Around 750 protesters have reportedly died, according to a farm leader, although the government claims to have no data on this. Singh sees the repeal as a victory for farmers who sacrificed their lives to protect others from corporate greed. "They must be happy wherever they are." - ©2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Nobody in the room had prior knowledge of Abiy Ahmed's second trip since securing a peace deal last year that ended decades of hostility between neighboring countries. A senior official present mentioned that the foreign office was unaware and found out about it through Eritrean media, Facebook, and Twitter. Abiy's unexpected visits are characteristic of his approach, which some view as relying on personal initiatives and charisma rather than government institutions to bring about change. The foreign ministry spokesman declared that policy was effectively coordinated. He did not verify whether Abiy traveled in July without informing the ministry. Abiy received international praise for the agreement with Eritrea, making him the second favorite to win a Nobel Peace Prize after Greta Thunberg. However, Abiy's unpredictable behavior frustrates some Ethiopians. It is uncertain how much support his reforms have within the ruling coalition, which has been in power since 1991, or how sustainable those reforms would be without his leadership. He has already survived one assassination attempt: a grenade thrown at a rally last year. According to Comfort Ero, Africa programme director at the International Crisis Group think tank, lasting change cannot be achieved through a "cult of personality." She emphasized that Abiy's promised reforms will not be successful unless he prioritizes working through the institutions. Ethiopia has been one of Africa's fastest growing economies for over ten years, but there is concern about Abiy's ability to successfully implement all of his reforms. This uncertainty is a source of worry for both citizens and foreign investors who have been courted to help modernize the country's telecoms and banking sectors. Some observers believe that Abiy, a former military officer with expertise in cyber intelligence, may occasionally choose to bypass ministries in order to ensure that his reforms continue to progress rapidly and avoid getting stuck in bureaucratic processes. These reforms, such as lifting bans on political parties, freeing imprisoned journalists, and holding officials accountable for torture, have garnered enthusiastic support from large crowds at rallies. Dereje Feyissa, a professor at Addis Ababa University, suggests that Abiy's leadership style seems to rely heavily on his charisma, but the question remains whether this approach can be sustained in the long run. The excitement is fading regarding Abiy's rapid changes, which some believe are designed to surprise and outmaneuver opponents from the previous administration, which was largely controlled by Tigrayans. Abiy, who is 43 years old and belongs to the Oromo ethnic group, which is the largest in the country, led the protests that led to the resignation of his predecessor. Since becoming prime minister in April 2018, Abiy's government has taken action against many high-ranking officials, particularly those from the Tigrayan ethnic group, for corruption or human rights violations. "He weakened the institutions in the initial six or seven months." Jawar Mohammed, an Oromo activist and informal adviser to the prime minister, stated that the institutions were not functioning properly or were working against the prime minister's agenda. He believes that the prime minister could not have achieved his current position without addressing this issue. One of Abiy's major accomplishments was the peace deal signed with Eritrea in July of last year, ending a nearly two-decade military standoff following a border war. Asle Sveen, a historian specializing in the Nobel Peace Prize, praised Abiy for fulfilling the criteria set by Alfred Nobel for the prize. Sveen highlighted the peace deal with Eritrea as a significant achievement, along with Abiy's efforts towards democratic reforms within the country. Some benefits of the peace did not last long. Land borders were opened in July but closed in December without any official explanation. According to Will Davison, an Ethiopia analyst at Crisis Group, last year's reconciliation was influenced by the Eritrean president's belief that Abiy's rise signified the decline of Tigray's ruling party, which had been a major opponent for over twenty years. Despite losing power at the national level, Tigray's ruling party still controls its own region, which shares a border with Eritrea, contributing to the lack of further warming in relations between the two countries. Nebiat, the foreign ministry spokesman, mentioned that Eritrea and Ethiopia had reestablished diplomatic relations, air links, and phone connections. "He stated that additional efforts are being made to solidify relationships on an institutional level," according to analysts and diplomats, Abiy's diplomatic actions, such as his unexpected visit, are often seen as daring personal ventures. A senior official in the foreign ministry expressed concern that their input has been ignored, potentially putting our international interests at risk. It was noted that Abiy has made significant policy decisions with countries like Eritrea, Somalia, and wealthy Gulf states without consulting his government first. Nebiat disagreed with this assessment. He stated that the Ethiopian government consistently carries out a well-organized foreign policy and diplomacy. He dismissed any other allegations as unfounded. Several nations appreciate Abiy's personal involvement in diplomatic matters. Following the killing of over 100 protesters by Sudanese police in June, Abiy traveled to Khartoum to persuade Sudan's new military leaders and the opposition to resume negotiations, and convinced Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to support his efforts. These negotiations resulted in a power-sharing agreement in August. "Abiy was instrumental," stated Amjad Farid, a senior member of the civilian group that engaged in discussions with the military. Abiy has implemented changes domestically and internationally. By publicly denouncing past wrongdoings, he clearly distinguished his administration from his predecessor's. He also appointed ex-dissidents to prominent positions, including Daniel Bekele, a former political prisoner and current Africa director at Human Rights Watch, who now leads the government's human rights commission. Birtukan Mideksa, who established a political party of opposition and was imprisoned following a controversial election in 2005, currently leads the electoral commission. However, there is often ethnically charged violence and efforts to address previous wrongdoings have been sluggish. A reconciliation commission was established in December, but it lacks clarity in its purpose, expertise, and has only convened twice, according to Laetitia Bader, an Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch. Bader stated that it is uncertain whether this initiative will bring about real change or if it is merely symbolic. | 2 |
A senior member of the ruling Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) and ally of ousted prime minister Nawaz Sharif, interior minister Ahsan Iqbal, was shot by a gunman on Sunday while leaving a constituency meeting in Punjab province. Iqbal is recovering in hospital from the bullet wound, with minister of state for interior affairs Talal Chaudhry stating that he is stable and in good spirits. Leaders from various opposition parties in Pakistan have condemned the assassination attempt, although a prominent official from Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party suggested that Sharif's large rallies protesting his removal by the Supreme Court last July may have created the conditions for the attack. Naeem ul Haq, chief of staff for former cricket star Khan, strongly criticized Nawaz Sharif for making wild accusations against his opponents and creating tension and anger in the political climate. He warned that if Sharif continues to spread negativity, similar incidents will continue to happen. Pakistan's Supreme Court disqualified Sharif as prime minister last July due to unreported income, and he is currently on trial for corruption. Sharif has accused rival Khan of conspiring against him and has rallied his supporters against him, portraying Khan as a puppet of the military establishment. Khan refutes allegations of collusion with the army, while the military denies involvement in politics. The recent attack on Sunday has increased tensions as the election approaches, expected to take place in late July. Reports indicate that the attacker may have ties to a new Islamist party that advocates for strict sharia law and the death penalty for blasphemy. The party, Tehreek-e-Labaik, denies any connection to the attacker, according to a local administrator's initial report. "We are not carrying weapons. Our fight is without weapons. Those plotting against Tehreek-e-Labaik will not achieve their goals." Khadim Hussain Rizvi, the leader of the party, denounced the attack on Iqbal, stating that Labaik is engaged in a non-violent struggle to establish the religion of the Prophet. According to the police, Iqbal was shot in the right arm with the bullet entering his groin. The suspected shooter, identified as 21-year-old Abid Hussain, has not had a motive officially disclosed. Minister of state Chaudhry stated that religious radicalism is a part of the suspect's background, and that other individuals have been arrested and are being investigated for potential involvement in the attack. He emphasized that radicalism is not solely an individual problem, but rather a societal issue that can be influenced by others. Labaik, the group responsible for the protest movement supporting Mumtaz Qadri, emerged from a demonstration in response to Qadri's assassination of the governor of Punjab in 2011. The movement's protests caused the capital to shut down for three weeks last year in opposition to changes in electoral laws. The recent attack on Iqbal has raised concerns about a resurgence of pre-election violence by Islamist groups, similar to the violence that occurred during the past two elections, including the assassination of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto in 2007. | 2 |
The demand for a crucial component is exceeding supply, leading to a global gold rush as investors and companies rush to develop technology and factories to produce millions of electric cars. Batteries, once considered uninteresting, are now an exciting part of the auto industry. The manufacturing of cars has remained largely unchanged for 50 years and is barely profitable, but the battery industry is ripe for innovation. Technology is advancing rapidly, similar to the early days of personal computers or mobile phones, and an influx of capital could lead to the emergence of new industry leaders. Wood Mackenzie predicts that electric vehicles will account for 18 percent of new car sales by 2030. This would lead to a significant increase in the demand for batteries, surpassing current factory production capacity by approximately eight times. This estimate is considered to be conservative, as some analysts predict even faster growth in electric vehicle sales. Car manufacturers are competing to obtain the most efficient and cost-effective chemical formula that can provide the highest energy output in the smallest size. GM's recent announcement to transition to all electric vehicles by 2035 was seen as a significant milestone by policymakers and environmental advocates. Many experts in the battery industry believe that the recent announcement by the company was simply confirming the obvious - that electric vehicles are becoming more prevalent. Battery production is currently controlled by companies such as Tesla, Panasonic, LG Chem, BYD China, and SK Innovation, primarily located in China, Japan, or South Korea. However, there are also numerous new companies entering the market, with investors eagerly funding startups they believe are on the brink of significant advancements in battery technology. Andy Palmer, the former CEO of Aston Martin and current nonexecutive vice chairman of InoBat Auto, believes that the electric vehicle industry is still in its early stages. There is a surplus of funding available but a lack of innovative ideas. QuantumScape, a startup backed by Volkswagen and Bill Gates, is developing battery technology that could revolutionize the industry. However, it has not yet generated significant sales and its success is not guaranteed. Despite this, investors value the company higher than Renault. Both China and the European Union are investing in battery technology with government funds. China views batteries as essential to its goal of dominating the electric vehicle industry, leading the Chinese government to assist Contemporary Amperex Technology, a partially state-owned company, in becoming a major battery supplier on a global scale in a short amount of time. The European Union is also taking steps to support battery production in order to avoid reliance on Asian suppliers and protect jobs in the auto industry. The European Commission recently announced a 2.9 billion euro fund to aid in battery manufacturing and research, adding to the substantial financial commitments made by European governments and automakers towards electric vehicles and batteries, as reported by Accenture. Some government funding will be allocated to Tesla as a form of appreciation for the company's choice to establish a factory close to Berlin. The United States is also anticipated to support the industry in line with President Joe Biden's emphasis on addressing climate change and his endorsement of electric vehicles. Biden, who owns a 1967 Chevrolet Corvette, expressed his excitement about driving an electric version of the sports car in a campaign advertisement last year, should GM opt to produce one. Numerous battery factories are either in the planning stages or under construction in the United States, including one that GM is constructing in Ohio in partnership with LG. Analysts believe that federal incentives for electric vehicle and battery production will play a crucial role in fostering a flourishing industry in the United States. Additionally, advancements in technology by government-backed researchers and domestic companies like QuantumScape and Tesla, which announced plans last autumn to reduce costs and enhance battery performance, will also be significant in this endeavor. Margaret Mann, a group manager at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, stated that China strongly supports manufacturing and new development. She believes that the United States has the potential to catch up in battery production, but acknowledges that there are still challenges to overcome. Entrepreneurs in the industry believe that US companies can surpass Asian producers in the future. Jagdeep Singh, CEO of QuantumScape, emphasized the need for improvements in battery technology for a renewable energy economy. Overall, the investment in battery technology is seen as a positive development. Capitalism is being used to address a global issue by reshaping the auto industry, but this transformation will have consequences for some, such as companies that manufacture parts for traditional vehicles or investors who back the wrong technology. According to Venkat Srinivasan, director of the Argonne National Laboratory's Collaborative Centre for Energy Storage Science, battery advancements take time and unexpected challenges may arise. Many believe that the demand for batteries will benefit China, as they refine most battery metals and produce the majority of battery cells. According to projections by Roland Berger, a German management consulting firm, China's dominance in battery production is expected to only slightly decrease over the next decade despite plans to expand production in Europe and the United States. Tom Einar Jensen, the CEO of Freyr, which is building a battery factory in northern Norway, stated that battery production has significant geopolitical implications. He emphasized that the European auto industry aims to reduce reliance on imports from Asia, especially China. Freyr is seeking to raise $850 million through a proposed merger with Alussa Energy Acquisition Corp., which would result in a listing on the New York Stock Exchange. The company intends to produce batteries utilizing technology created by 24M Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The primary goal for the sector is to lower battery costs. Electric vehicle batteries for a midsize car currently cost around $15,000, which is twice as much as they should be for electric cars to be widely accepted, as mentioned by Srinivasan. These cost reductions can be achieved through numerous small enhancements, such as manufacturing batteries near car plants to avoid shipping expenses, and by minimizing waste, according to Roland Berger. Approximately 10 percent of the materials used in battery production are wasted due to inefficient manufacturing processes. In a recent study, Roland Berger cautioned that the increasing demand for raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel could lead to higher prices and offset some of the efficiency gains. The automotive industry is vying for batteries with electric utilities and other energy companies to store intermittent wind and solar power, further driving up demand. Jason Burwen, interim chief executive of the United States Energy Storage Association, mentioned concerns about a potential supply shortage this year. A new wave of companies has emerged to replace expensive minerals in batteries with more affordable and abundant materials. OneD Material, located in San Jose, California, produces a substance resembling used coffee grounds for use in anodes, which are electrodes that allow power to exit batteries when a vehicle is in motion. The material is created using silicon, which is widely available and cost-effective, in order to decrease the reliance on graphite, which is rarer and more costly. In the future, the ultimate goal for the industry is solid state batteries, which will substitute the liquid lithium solution with solid layers of a lithium compound. Solid state batteries are expected to be more stable, less likely to overheat, allowing for quicker charging times, and lighter in weight. Toyota Motor Co. and other companies have made significant investments in this technology and have already achieved success in constructing some solid state batteries. The challenge lies in producing them in large quantities at an affordable price. QuantumScape has generated a lot of excitement by claiming to have discovered a material that addresses a key obstacle to mass production of solid state batteries - their susceptibility to short circuiting due to imperfections. However, most experts in the field do not anticipate solid state batteries being widely accessible until approximately 2030. Elon Musk, Tesla's CEO, emphasized the difficulty of mass producing batteries during a recent conference call, stating that creating prototypes is simple in comparison. Scaling up production is a very difficult task. It is currently a favorable time to have a degree in electrochemistry, as those who understand the properties of materials such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt are essential to the development of batteries. Individuals like Jakub Reiter, who has been interested in battery chemistry since his youth in Prague in the 1990s, are highly sought after in the industry. After being recruited by a headhunter to work at BMW in 2011 to study battery science, Reiter was later hired by InoBat to help establish a factory in Slovakia, where major car manufacturers such as Volkswagen, Kia, Peugeot, and Jaguar Land Rover are based. Reiter is currently leading the science department at InoBat, a company that specializes in developing batteries quickly for various purposes, such as affordable batteries for commuter cars or high-performance ones for roadsters. Reiter stated that two decades ago, there was little interest in batteries, but now there is fierce competition and a significant challenge in the industry. | 2 |
Following the protests in Brazil in June, President Rousseff has requested Congress to hold a non-binding national vote, known as a plebiscite, to determine the changes that Brazilians would like to see. Some of the themes she wants to be addressed include campaign finance reform, an end to anonymous votes by lawmakers, and a possible switch from proportional representation to district voting. Recent polls show that Rousseff's approval ratings have dropped significantly, indicating a potential challenge to her re-election bid next year. The protests, which attracted over 1 million people, were fueled by dissatisfaction with public services, cost of living, and the expenses of hosting the 2014 World Cup. The protests have made it clear that Brazilians are demanding a more efficient and transparent government that puts an end to corruption. Rousseff believes that the people should have a say in decisions and has emphasized the importance of a plebiscite to address various issues, including the elimination of unelected stand-ins for senators. In Brazil, all members of Congress have substitutes who can take their place if they step down, such as if they accept a Cabinet position. President Rousseff is also proposing that the public have a say in whether lawmakers can be elected with votes from supporters of different parties. A recent poll showed that 81 percent of Brazilians support the street demonstrations calling for changes, with 68 percent in favor of holding a plebiscite. However, Rousseff's political opponents believe this popular vote is a tactic to divert attention from important issues like lack of investment in infrastructure and to regain support before the upcoming election. Senator Alvaro Dias, leader of the main opposition party in the Senate, believes that most of Rousseff's proposed reforms are already being addressed in existing bills in Congress and that a rushed plebiscite would be an unnecessary expense for the country. He argues that these issues are not the top priorities for Brazilians and that the plebiscite is merely a political distraction. The possibility of a fiasco looms over the plebiscite, which also poses a risk to Rousseff. The PMDB party, a key ally in her coalition government, prefers to see reforms discussed in Congress, leading to concerns that the vote may not take place or could result in unexpected consequences. Despite holding a slight lead in approval ratings and being the frontrunner in the upcoming election, Rousseff faces a more competitive race. Many political experts question whether the plebiscite is the best strategy for regaining support. According to them, Rousseff should concentrate on controlling inflation and revitalizing Brazil's economy, which has been mostly inactive for the past two years. Although smaller protests are ongoing in Brazil, the main catalyst for the large demonstrations has ended with the conclusion of the Confederations Cup, a prelude to next year's soccer World Cup. Despite this, there are other obstacles to overcome, as some of Brazil's major labor unions are organizing marches on July 11 to advocate for their demands, including a reduced work week. | 2 |
The graduate shows held each May, which are considered to be a designer's final exam, are more than just a rite of passage for students - they also provide an opportunity to network, create a portfolio, and potentially secure future employment. However, this year was different due to the coronavirus pandemic. The school closed, lessons shifted online, and the final show was canceled. Instead, a digital presentation was scheduled for June 17, where each student could showcase only two looks and a 90-second video. For 24-year-old Ives, an ambitious American who has already started his own label and worked with Rihanna's fashion brand, the past two months have been challenging. "We have all tried our best to overcome the challenges brought on by the pandemic," said Ives, who has diabetes and spent three months isolated in his apartment working on his projects. "It has led me to reflect on some important questions. One of them is, if I had known four years ago that I would be graduating without a degree show and learning remotely for months, would I have still pursued a postgraduate degree?" Ives is not alone in considering this question. The pandemic has caused widespread disruptions in universities around the world, resulting in a shift to remote learning and uncertainties about the future of higher education. Even prestigious institutions are facing layoffs and reassessing their financial projections as international students reevaluate their options in the current global climate. Students of all ages and backgrounds, including those interested in fashion careers, are now reconsidering the value of pursuing a college education. In the past, obtaining a degree from prestigious fashion schools like Central Saint Martins, Royal College of Art, Parsons, F.I.T., and Royal Academy of Arts has been a costly yet beneficial investment for individuals entering the highly competitive fashion industry. The fashion education sector has seen significant growth in recent years, aligning with the industry's expansion. A variety of courses are now available from well-known institutions and new private schools such as the Condé Nast College of Fashion & Design, offering specialized programs, networking opportunities, and internships. However, the coronavirus pandemic has led to travel restrictions and decreased enrollment numbers. Valérie Berdah Levy, the director of the Paris campus of Istituto Marangoni, a private Italian fashion and design school, acknowledged the reality that their revenue will decrease next year. Some students are concerned about traveling to Europe, while others are unsure when borders will reopen. Berdah Levy also noted that some parents may be facing financial difficulties or health issues that could affect their resources. Art schools are looking to the adaptations made earlier this year in response to the pandemic to guide their plans for the upcoming fall semester. Zowie Broach, head of fashion at London's Royal College of Art, mentioned potential changes such as focusing on presentation and research at the beginning of the academic year and teaching digital skills for remote work. Broach's graduates are currently working on a RCA2020 "digital discovery platform" where each student will have their own page, set to launch between July 16-31. One positive aspect of the current situation is that the quality of industry speakers has improved as anyone can participate in Zoom events. This has led to extraordinary speakers and more ambitious discussions on using the pandemic as a catalyst for industry change. Recently, high-profile figures like Sir Jonathan Ive, Virgil Abloh, and Olafur Eliasson spoke at an event. Walter van Beirendonck, head of fashion at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, arranged digital "blind dates" for his master's students with fashion stars like Stephen Jones and Raf Simons. This year at the Savannah College of Art and Design in Georgia, fashion and accessory graduates showcased their final work to a group of 50 industry judges, including designer Christopher John Rogers and Bruce Pask, the men's fashion director of Bergdorf Goodman, in a virtual setting. Michael Fink, the school of fashion dean at SCAD, acknowledged that students missed the experience of being together and touching fabrics, and some had difficulty adjusting to the challenges of working from home. We have shifted our focus from only looking at completed final collections to how designers respond to crises. It is uncertain whether fashion students, especially those from China, who expect more than just a degree from their university experience will appreciate these changes. Universities in English-speaking countries such as Britain, Australia, and the United States heavily rely on tuition fees from Chinese students, which are higher than those paid by local students. Due to ongoing travel restrictions and growing dissatisfaction among Chinese students and parents towards the West's lax attitude towards public health, there are concerns that enrollment levels may decrease after years of growth. Sir Nigel Carrington, vice-chancellor of the University of the Arts London, expressed that international acceptances are currently on par with last year, but there is still worry about actual enrollment numbers. The University of the Arts London has around 20,000 students, with approximately 3,000 being Chinese students, and a nearly equal split between British and international students across its six colleges. The British government sets a limit of approximately $11,500 for annual fees for UK students, while international students face fees of around $25,000. Flights to Britain from countries like China are not expected to resume until August at the earliest. Many students are unable to take the required language test due to a backlog in applications, leading to a delayed start to the fall term. Some scientists are forecasting a potential second wave of coronavirus in the autumn, adding to the challenges faced. A rise in fees related to Brexit is expected in 2021, which could lead to an increase in students from the European Union enrolling before the change, balancing out the decrease in Chinese enrollment - at least in the short term. Despite this, the demand for courses at their art and design institution remains high due to their reputation. However, less competitive schools may face more serious consequences from the pandemic. As universities try to save money, many lecturers, especially those on temporary contracts, are at risk of losing their jobs with limited benefits. An article in The Art Newspaper on June 22 stated that layoffs and non-renewal of contracts at British arts universities may disproportionately impact women and people of color. In the midst of calls for greater representation and diversity in fashion education, the identity of the instructors teaching students could play a significant role in their decision-making process. Despite uncertainties about future demand, schools must be aware of the fears young people around the world are facing. While acknowledging the need to continue with education and pursuing career goals, the pandemic has made employment opportunities in fashion studios even more limited. Graduating students may have the chance to access workshops over the summer to complete their portfolios, a crucial aspect of job searches. Several smaller luxury brands such as Sies Marjan and Peter Pilotto have shut down recently, while many seamstresses and patternmakers have been laid off or put on furlough even by the largest fashion houses in countries like France and Italy. "I've worked for big companies before, so my original plan was to graduate and focus on my own label," said Ives, a graduate of Central Saint Martins. "However, the risks of starting my own label during a major recession are significant. I am still unsure of my next steps, and many of my peers are in the same boat." | 2 |
The previous week, a friendly Amazon employee asked me a question when I arrived at the opening of a Whole Foods Market in Washington's Glover Park neighborhood. She also mentioned that I could start shopping by scanning the QR code in my Amazon app. I decided to try using my palm instead and quickly scanned both hands on a kiosk to link them to my Amazon account. I then used my right palm to enter the highly advanced grocery store. I spent the next 30 minutes shopping. I purchased a bag of cauliflower florets, grapefruit sparkling water, a carton of strawberries, and a package of organic chicken sausages. My actions were monitored by cameras and sensors, which created a virtual shopping cart for me in real time. I left the store without needing to interact with a cashier, as Whole Foods, now owned by Amazon, would charge my account later. Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13 billion over four years ago. The grocery chain's transformation into an Amazon-run operation is now fully realized with the renovated Whole Foods store in Glover Park. Amazon had been making gradual changes to its more than 500 Whole Foods locations, such as offering discounts and free delivery for Prime members. However, the 21,000-square-foot store in Glover Park, along with a prototype store in Los Angeles, marks a significant advancement in Amazon's integration into the grocery industry through the use of tracking and robotic technology. The technology called Just Walk Out involves numerous cameras that have a comprehensive view of customers. Sensors are positioned beneath every item in the store, and advanced software analyzes shopping behavior to improve accuracy in billing. This technology is similar to what is used in autonomous vehicles, as it can recognize when a product is picked up, automatically track items, and charge customers upon leaving the store. Anyone, whether they have an Amazon Prime membership or not, can use their Amazon account to shop and avoid waiting in line at the cash register. Amazon has been testing this automated shopping experience for over four years with various stores across the country. The palm-scanning technology, Amazon One, is now being used by other businesses, including a convenience store at Dallas Love Field Airport and Shaquille O’Neal's restaurant in Seattle. According to Dilip Kumar, Amazon's vice president of physical retail and technology, these stores have been valuable experiments. Amazon views Whole Foods as another step in their expansion of technology in retail stores. Kumar explained that they identified areas of friction for customers and then worked backwards to find ways to reduce that friction. One issue they noticed was customers not liking standing in checkout lines, so they developed the Just Walk Out technology. He did not comment on whether Amazon would expand the technology to all Whole Foods stores. Karen Weise, a colleague at The New York Times who covers Amazon from Seattle, mentioned that the company operates with long-term goals and has the resources to execute slowly, allowing them to make significant changes in labor, retail, and logistics over time. The Whole Foods store in Glover Park has been a central part of the neighborhood for over 20 years, serving as a key location for residents near Embassy Row and the vice president's Naval Observatory residence. Despite temporarily closing due to issues with the landlord and a rat infestation, Amazon has announced plans to reopen the store as a Just Walk Out pilot project. Although the rat problem has been resolved, concerns and tensions still linger in the neighborhood. The updated store has caused a lively discussion among local residents, with some debating on the Nextdoor app and neighborhood email list about the store's futuristic atmosphere compared to its advanced technology. Some neighbors fondly remembered when the store used to be a place for people to relax, offering free samples and delicious blueberry pancakes on weekends. Alex Levin, a long-time resident of Glover Park, believes that people should not dismiss the changes at the store. He thinks it is important to understand both the advantages and disadvantages of the technology and find ways to make it work for us. Levin even tried to outsmart the store's cameras and sensors by putting a box of chicken nuggets in his shopping bag and then returning the item to the freezer, but Amazon's technology detected the trick and he was not charged for the nuggets. Others mentioned that they had discovered mistakes in their bills and were unhappy about the switch from selling produce by weight to selling it per item, bundle, or box. Some were sad about the loss of the traditional checkout line, where they could browse magazines and grab last-minute items. Many were wary of the tracking technology, with one retired librarian comparing it to George Orwell's "1984." Amazon stated that it had no intention of utilizing video or other customer data from Whole Foods for advertising or its recommendation system. Customers who choose not to participate in the new technology can enter the store without signing in and pay at self-checkout kiosks using a credit card or cash. As a loyal customer of the Glover Park Whole Foods, I had been looking forward to seeing the changes in the store, but my excitement waned as I encountered the palm scan and bulk banana bundles. I became unsure about the changes as I observed a sign near the entrance prohibiting shoppers from taking photos or videos inside. I glanced up at the ceiling and saw numerous small black plastic boxes hanging from the rafters. An employee informed me that these were the cameras that would track me as I shopped. Workers were scattered throughout the store, assisting customers at check-in and manning various food sections. Although Kumar assured me that humans would always be employed in the stores, I couldn't help but wonder for how much longer. Amazon, which has faced criticism for its treatment of workers, explained that employees' responsibilities could evolve to center more on customer interaction for answering inquiries. There were indications of a potential move towards a more self-service model. While at the bakery, I sought assistance with slicing my $4.99 Harvest loaf and was guided towards a professional bread slicer for customers. A small warning label advised customers to be cautious of the sharp blades and to keep their hands away from any moving components. Kumar refused to provide information on the accuracy of Just Walk Out, so I decided to test the technology myself. I conducted an experiment by placing an organic avocado among nonorganic avocados and then retrieving it after browsing the store. If the cameras and sensors were working correctly, Amazon would detect the misplaced avocado and charge me accordingly. At the end of my shopping trip, I had the choice of using a self-checkout kiosk or skipping that step. I chose the second option and gestured my hand over a turnstile to exit. The turnstile's arms opened. An employee at the exit informed me that I would receive my receipt in two to three hours. I left and felt uneasy, worried that I might be perceived as a shoplifter. I received an email from Amazon in my email inbox an hour later. The email contained a link that directed me to my Amazon account, where I could view details of my shopping experience. According to the email, my shopping session lasted 32 minutes and 26 seconds, and my total bill came to $34.35. I was also correctly charged for the organic avocado. This information is from The New York Times Company, copyright 2022. | 2 |
The investors, which include the fund arm of insurer Aviva and several Swedish state pension funds, sent a letter to food companies on September 23, urging them to address the significant risks of industrial farming and consider expanding into plant-based protein sources. Among the companies contacted were Kraft Heinz, Nestle, Unilever, Tesco, and Walmart, according to a statement from the Farm Animal Investment Risk & Return Initiative, which organized the investor group. Jeremy Coller, founder of the FAIRR initiative and chief investment officer at private equity company Coller Capital, warned that the world's heavy reliance on factory farming to meet the increasing global protein demand could lead to financial, social, and environmental turmoil. Coller highlighted the pollution, low safety and welfare standards, and inability of the livestock industry to meet the projected rise in protein demand. He emphasized that investors are seeking information on whether major food companies have plans to avoid this potential crisis and capitalize on the growing plant-based protein market, which is anticipated to expand by 8.4 percent annually over the next five years. The campaign is based on a study from Oxford University which suggested that by 2050, $1.5 trillion could be saved in healthcare and climate change-related costs if people reduced their consumption of meat. Companies are being urged to promote more sustainable diets by reducing meat reliance and increasing the market for plant-based protein alternatives. This would also make their protein supply chains more resilient to future shocks. FAIRR has also contacted other companies such as General Mills, Mondelez International, Ahold-Delhaize, The Co-operative Group, Costco Wholesale Corporation, Kroger Company, Marks & Spencer, Wm Morrison Supermarkets, Ocado, Sainsbury's and Whole Foods Market. | 2 |
Maibam Sharat was walking in a group of six friends when Indian troops ordered them to raise their hands as they passed a security post. Suddenly, a soldier emerged from an armoured car and started shooting. Sharat's friend Ranbir was hit in the stomach, and despite pleas from locals, the troops initially took him to their camp instead of getting medical help. By the time they finally took him to the hospital, it was too late - Ranbir had been shot seven times and had lost too much blood. Sharat, a driver from Nongpok Semai, believes the soldiers may have been releasing their frustration and anger following an earlier attack by militants. Human rights organizations and political parties believe that Ranbir's killing is just one of many human rights abuses committed by the military in Manipur, where a draconian federal anti-terror law, the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), provides soldiers with immunity from prosecution. This issue has come to the forefront as the state prepares to vote in a three-stage election to choose a new legislature. Most parties agree that the AFSPA, which only applies to certain regions in India's northeast and Kashmir, should be either repealed or significantly amended. Sovakiran Singh, a legislator representing the Heirok constituency where Nongpok Sekmai is located, has stated that if his party comes to power, they will work to repeal the AFSPA in the first session of the new legislature. However, the central government in New Delhi has the authority to override the state government and reinstate the law if they choose to do so. Singh is optimistic that the government will address the concerns raised by Manipur, where 20,000 people have lost their lives in a separatist uprising since the 1960s. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) grants soldiers extensive authority to search, detain, and eliminate suspected insurgents even in the absence of immediate danger. Soldiers can only be prosecuted with approval from the central government, which is seldom granted. This law, implemented in 1958 to combat separatist violence in northeast India, is said to provide essential protection for the army against politically motivated accusations. However, human rights organizations argue that the powers it bestows have created an environment where security forces are able to commit abuses without consequence, including torture, sexual assault, and murder. They say that this has only increased anger and led to more rebels. Pradip Phanjoubam, editor of the Imphal Free Press daily, stated that AFSPA is a result of the state's extreme paranoia. A senior official from the Border Security Force, whose soldiers were implicated in the Nongpok Sekmai incident, claimed the soldiers were responding to gunfire from militants. However, very few people in the village trust his explanation. Manipur, located 1,500 miles (2,400 km) from New Delhi, is considered one of India's most troubled regions, often overlooked by the nation. Soldiers can be found everywhere. Over the past five years, there have been multiple instances where the state has erupted in violence due to accusations of soldiers killing innocent individuals, leading to public outrage. Despite protests, there was a slight increase in extra-judicial killings last year, with 18 documented cases, according to Babloo Loitongbam, director of Manipur's Human Rights Alert. Phanjoubam and Loitongbam suggest that New Delhi should focus on a political rather than military solution to address the insurgency in Manipur and bring development to one of India's most underdeveloped states. However, it remains uncertain whether political parties in the region will be able to generate genuine pressure for change. The Congress party, currently in power in India and Manipur since 2002, has been indecisive about the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA). Sonia Gandhi, the party chief, reassured Manipuris that the government is carefully considering a report from an expert panel that suggested amendments to the law 18 months ago. However, many Manipuris are doubtful that any significant changes will be made. | 2 |
Christian Chapman, 41, described his experience during Better.com's orientation as being similar to the exhilaration of a new relationship. He was impressed by the benefits, believed in the company's mission, and quickly became fully invested. However, there were concerning signs, such as a profanity-laced rant by the CEO, Vishal Garg, during a video call, which prompted Chapman to mute the call and remove his young daughter from the room. Then, last month, Garg fired 900 Better.com employees, including Chapman, in a recorded Zoom call, which was later shared online. Garg later apologized, but a little over one week later, the company's board announced that the founder and CEO would be taking a break from his role. Over the past two years, couches have served as offices and colleagues have communicated through instant messages. The workforce, which underwent significant changes, has reevaluated how people should be treated in a corporate setting. Angelina Darrisaw, CEO of C-Suite Coach, noted a decrease in tolerance for rude bosses and an increase in interest in her executive coaching services last year. "According to her, it is not easy to suddenly become a leader in the workplace. Companies are now focusing on ensuring that their managers are properly trained for the job. This increased scrutiny on workplace behavior follows years of discussions on appropriate conduct in the office. The #MeToo movement led to the resignation of many executives accused of sexual assault. The Black Lives Matter protests following George Floyd's death led to corporate leaders apologizing for past discrimination and lack of diversity in their workforce, and promising to make changes. With the disruption of work routines due to the pandemic, people are now starting to question the unpleasantness and indignities they used to tolerate as just part of office life." Some people are saying that they no longer want to work for unpleasant individuals. However, it is not against the law to be difficult, which complicates the issue of dealing with mean colleagues. The definition of a bully can vary depending on the perspective of the person being mistreated. In recent years, the popular image of a difficult boss is someone like Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep in "The Devil Wears Prada," who has high standards and can be demanding. In reality, rude behavior can range from mildly uncomfortable to extremely offensive. The founder is known for having a strong vision and ambition that can make it challenging for employees to question his behavior. For example, Garg accused fired employees of stealing from the company by working too few hours. Better.com referred to Garg's apology for the layoffs when asked for comment. Another example is Hollywood mogul Scott Rudin, who created acclaimed art but also threw staplers at his staff. He later apologized for his actions. In addition, there is the intense millennial hustle culture exemplified by former Away CEO Steph Korey, who expected loyalty and constant Slack activity from employees at all hours of the day and night. In a message to her staff, she expressed her hope that everyone in the group would acknowledge the effort she had put into creating a career development opportunity, as she requested them to refrain from asking for time off. Larry Ellison, the CEO of Oracle, described his leadership style as "management by ridicule," emphasizing the importance of intellectual intimidation and rhetorical bullying. However, he later renounced this approach as that of an inexperienced and insecure CEO. Tessa West, a social psychologist at New York University, authored a book titled "Jerks at Work," which identifies various negative personalities in the workplace, such as the bulldozer, the free rider, the gaslighter, and the kiss up/kick downer. Many of the instances she provides involve supervisors, who are typically more difficult to report. West's interest in this topic is driven by personal experience. While she was pursuing her graduate degree at the University of Connecticut, a fellow student engaged in subtle acts of sabotage towards her, such as purposely giving her the wrong meeting time and making comments about her clothing being too revealing. Despite these actions not clearly violating any conduct policies, West was initially reluctant to address the situation further. West reflected on how the climate has changed and acknowledged that certain behaviors are now seen as inappropriate. The traditional experience of going to work has always included unpleasant aspects such as commuting, small talk before coffee, and being told what to do early in the morning. However, in the past year, some workers have noticed a shift in power dynamics between employees and employers. This change may have been influenced by the record number of Americans resigning from their jobs in November, or the uncertainty surrounding returning to office plans. More employees are feeling empowered to speak up to their managers, with the expectation of being their authentic selves at work evolving from simply wearing bright colors to now including activities like team meditation and discussions about how the company supports the community. Despite being taught by her mother to stay with a team for as long as possible, 26-year-old Jacquelyn Carter eventually decided to quit her job at a nonprofit in Houston due to accumulating grievances during the pandemic. Some colleagues consistently forgot her name, while others talked over her in meetings. A manager at the organization criticized one of her ideas as "stupid," and as a Black woman, she had to deal with insensitive remarks from her white colleagues. She found solace in being at home where she didn't have to face comments about her appearance. She came across TikTok videos of people celebrating their decisions to leave jobs they were unhappy with, known as QuitTok. One popular post featured three women dancing offscreen with a message criticizing the company's toxic management. Carter decided to leave her employer due to a mean colleague and started looking for new opportunities, eventually joining Darrisaw's firm. The bad-boss-goodbye posts have motivated some individuals, like Kristofer Flatt, to transition from retail to office jobs. Flatt, who previously worked at a large store in Arkansas, left due to managers ignoring his safety concerns, assigning unclear tasks, and questioning his need for time off. In spring 2020, he landed a corporate job. Janine Yancey, from Emtrain, emphasized the importance of creating a positive work culture to attract top talent. She also noted a lack of investment in leadership and management development in recent years. Yancey, a former employment lawyer, observed that while everyone is focused on technical skills, they may overlook the importance of how those skills are applied. She realized that legal reform alone would not bring about the workplace changes she desired, as highlighted by Ellen Pao's unsuccessful gender discrimination lawsuit in 2015. Yancey believes that societal change is necessary in addition to legal regulations. Shani Ospina's work aims to speed up this societal change as a professional jerk patroller. An executive coach at Strategyzer, a software and consulting company, conducts 90-minute screenings during interviews to evaluate the personality fit of job candidates, in line with the company's focus on teamwork. She begins by asking candidates what aspect of themselves they are most proud of, then delves deeper by inquiring about what they would like to change about themselves. The coach believes that while everyone can be petty at times, the key difference between an average person and a true jerk lies in their ability to acknowledge their shortcomings and strive for improvement. One of Strategyzer's founders, Alex Osterwalder, identifies common jerk behaviors as blaming coworkers, rejecting feedback, and gossiping about others. He emphasizes the importance of screening for traits like humility and willingness to learn, in addition to technical skills. Being jerky, similar to being incompetent, can negatively impact productivity. Competent jerks who advance in their careers can influence a company's culture, especially in environments that prioritize results over how they are achieved. At Baird, a financial services firm, this principle is taken seriously, as employees are explicitly told about the company's "no asshole rule" during orientation and it is even included in training materials. Leslie Dixon, who leads the human resources department, has terminated employees for breaching the policy. Dixon believes that by clearly communicating the policy and discussing it with new hires and throughout their careers, it encourages open conversations about behavior that may not be illegal but can be uncomfortable. Similar to the team at Strategyzer, those enforcing Baird's policy understand that rudeness is not a fixed trait and employees are not fired for small mistakes. Beth Kavelaris, the director of culture and integration, also shared that she received feedback in the past that made her reconsider her own behavior. Kavelaris remembered receiving a message from her boss, in which she was told to improve her listening skills. She admitted to interrupting her boss while she was delivering this message. Kavelaris acknowledged that she has improved in this aspect over time. Recently, Garg, who had fired 900 employees over Zoom, issued an apology to his team at Better.com. He admitted to not showing enough respect and appreciation for those affected by the layoffs and vowed to do better in the future. Garg also promised to be transparent and share the company's goals for 2022. His judgment arrived when almost every company is focused on retaining talent. Without a dedicated staff, it is impossible to achieve metrics. Many are recognizing that workplace misconduct is a major driver of employee turnover. For example, Darrisaw from C-Suite Coach assists companies in evaluating their culture and identifying areas for improvement. She questions clients about whether more employees are considering leaving specific teams. “That frequently indicates the type of management style in place.” Employees may occasionally publicly criticize their harsher coworkers, but in other instances, this responsibility may fall on those who are resigning instead. This suggests that the time when many people are quitting their jobs could be problematic for the unpleasant individuals. ©2022 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
The election serves as the first significant measure of public support for the military government led by Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha, who has limited political activity since taking power in a coup in 2014. Polls indicated a slight advantage for approving the new constitution before the vote, but many voters were unsure. Initial results were predicted to be available at 8pm local time. Prayuth stated that he would not step down if Thailand rejects the new constitution and promised that an election will occur in the following year regardless of the vote's outcome. He urged Thai citizens to participate in the election after casting his own vote on Sunday. "I encourage all individuals to participate in voting in order to determine the future of the nation," Prime Minister Prayuth expressed to journalists at a polling station in northwest Bangkok. He faced opposition from a woman in the crowd who questioned his ability to govern and protect the country before being escorted away by security. Approximately 200,000 police were assigned to oversee the voting process in Thailand, and despite the major political parties rejecting the constitution, there were no signs of protests or disturbances. The military junta, also known as the National Council for Peace and Order, has prohibited any criticism of the constitution and has arrested and charged numerous individuals, including politicians and student activists, for speaking out against it. Critics argue that the charter is the military's effort to eliminate former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra and his populist movement from Thai politics, following his removal in a coup in 2006. Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha has been in power during a period of political unrest in Thailand that has lasted over a decade since Thaksin's ousting. Thaksin currently lives in self-imposed exile but still wields significant influence, especially among his supporters in rural areas of the country. His sister, Yingluck, won a landslide victory in the 2011 elections but was overthrown by Prayuth in a coup three years later in 2014. Despite being banned from politics for five years due to mismanaging a rice scheme, Yingluck cast her ballot and expressed her happiness at being able to exercise her rights as a Thai citizen. Thaksin criticized the charter, calling it a mistake that would only strengthen the junta's power and hinder Thailand's governance. Interviews conducted by Reuters with high-ranking military officials revealed that the military's goal is to prevent future coups by implementing a new constitution that weakens political parties and ensures the military has a role in overseeing the country's economic and political development. The proposed constitution, which would be Thailand's 20th since the military ended an absolute monarchy in 1932, includes a Senate appointed by the junta with seats reserved for military leaders to limit the power of elected officials. In Khon Kaen, a city in northeast Thailand, approximately 50 voters waited in line outside the rebuilt city hall, which was destroyed during political turmoil in 2010. Farmer Thongyoon Khaenkhaomeng, who voted at a nearby school, stated that he supported the constitution in hopes of uniting the country and putting an end to its divisions. Day laborer Decha Shangkamanee explained that he voted against the charter due to his dislike of the junta, but he did not believe the referendum would have a significant impact on the country's governance. Former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra shared her thoughts after voting, expressing a desire for the country to improve. Farmer Thongyoon Khaenkhaomeng, who voted in favor of the constitution at a nearby polling station, stated that he hoped for an end to Thailand's divisions. Day laborer Decha Shangkamanee stated that he voted against the charter due to his dislike of the junta, but did not believe the referendum would have a significant impact. He expressed his belief that the country's ruling system would remain unchanged. The vote takes place amidst concerns about the health of 88-year-old King Bhumibol Adulyadej, with the military historically using its role as protector of the revered monarch to justify political interventions. Regardless of the outcome, the United Nations is calling for increased dialogue between the military and political adversaries, according to Luc Stevens, the UN chief in Thailand. He told Reuters before the referendum that there can be no reconciliation if one group insists on dictating the terms. To ensure that no one is left behind in the country, an inclusive process with open dialogue and freedom of expression is necessary. In the province of Chaiyaphum, two students were arrested for distributing leaflets against the referendum. Despite the ban on campaigning, the junta has mobilized thousands of military cadets to encourage Thailand's 50 million eligible voters to participate in the referendum. The Election Commission is aiming for an 80 percent voter turnout. Amnesty International stated on Friday that the military regime had established a frightening atmosphere leading up to the election by committing widespread human rights abuses. | 2 |
Despite the peaceful presidential election in Ukraine last month, the situation in the east near the Russian border remains unstable, with armed groups attacking Ukrainian government forces. The G7 stated they are prepared to increase targeted sanctions on Russia if necessary. German Chancellor Angela Merkel emphasized the importance of stabilizing the situation in Ukraine, warning of the possibility of heavier sanctions if progress is not made. Currently, minor sanctions have been imposed on Russian officials in response to the Crimea seizure, with further actions threatened if the May 25 elections were disrupted. The smooth elections suggest Russia may be more cooperative, reducing the likelihood of additional sanctions. However, the statement released on Wednesday indicates that the West is not satisfied with President Vladimir Putin's efforts to ease tensions. Russia denies involvement in the uprising in eastern Ukraine, where pro-Moscow militias have taken control of buildings, attacked Ukrainian forces, and declared independence. Despite being excluded from the G7 summit, Putin will meet individually with Merkel, Hollande, and Cameron at a D-Day event in France. Obama has avoided meeting with Putin, but a U.S. official stated that the content of the meetings is more important than who is involved. The G7 summit will also address economic, trade, climate, and energy issues, with a focus on energy security in Europe, which relies heavily on Russian oil and gas. European leaders are working to reduce dependence on Russia, but this transition will take time and may require support from the U.S. A separate statement from the G7 leaders will emphasize the importance of ensuring the security of energy supplies and condemning the use of energy resources as a tool for political coercion. The crisis in Ukraine highlights the importance of focusing on energy security and taking significant steps to diversify energy supplies. The economic discussion among G7 members, including the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Britain, Japan, and Italy, will focus on sustaining economic recovery and implementing stricter regulations to prevent future banking sector issues. The leaders will also reiterate their commitment to completing financial reforms this year, such as addressing "too-big-to-fail" banking. | 2 |
Russia has expanded its military presence to the borders of several NATO countries, including the Baltic nations, after invading Ukraine and deploying troops in Belarus. If Russia successfully takes over Ukraine and maintains bases in Belarus, its forces will stretch from the Baltics and Poland to Slovakia, Hungary, and northern Romania. This poses a significant challenge for NATO in defending its eastern flank. The proximity of Russian forces in Belarus to Kaliningrad, which is armed with missiles capable of reaching Europe, poses a new level of risk for NATO. Ian Lesser and Ian Bond, former officials, warn of the increased danger of conflict with Russian forces in Europe and other regions for years to come, changing the dynamics for NATO. Russia is trying to eliminate Ukraine as an independent country in Europe, which is causing concern and prompting a serious response from NATO. Additional troops and aircraft have been deployed to member states close to Russia, with further deployments being considered. There are talks of abandoning the 1997 NATO-Russia Founding Act due to Russia's actions violating it. NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg has stated that Russia's actions are a serious threat to Euro-Atlantic security and additional defensive forces are being deployed. Discussions with Moscow regarding Europe's security are complicated by Russian troops on NATO's eastern flank. Even if there is a significant increase in military spending in response to the recent Russian invasion, similar to what happened after Russia annexed Crimea, the permanent deployment of forces, equipment, planes, and missiles will have a significant impact on the peace, prosperity, and complacency that the alliance has enjoyed for the past 30 years. NATO has been focused on non-core issues like climate and cyber, but it is now realizing the importance of addressing ruthless adversaries who see foreign policy as a blood sport. The organization is already revising its strategic concept and discussing a replacement for Stoltenberg, who will step down on October 1. These tasks have become more urgent as NATO reevaluates its purpose. According to Benjamin Hodges, a former commander of US forces in Europe, deterring a newly aggressive Russia will not be an easy task. The process of moving troops and equipment in post-Cold War Europe has become more complicated due to some bridges and railways being unable to support heavy armor. Hodges warned that political leaders may be surprised by the amount of time it takes to move equipment, especially with EU road regulations and limitations on the German rail system. Additionally, NATO lacks sufficient air and missile defenses for a modern air war that targets critical infrastructure like airports, roads, and railways. Hodges suggested that protecting the US air base at Ramstein in Germany would require an entire battalion of Patriot missiles, but there is only one available in Europe. In the past, the Fulda Gap in Germany was a major concern for Cold War strategists, as it was heavily defended by US troops to prevent the Warsaw Pact from advancing tanks from East Germany to the Rhine River. The current worry is centered on the Suwalki Corridor, a narrow passage between Poland and Lithuania that, if taken control of, would isolate the Baltic nations from NATO. This corridor separates Belarus from Kaliningrad, the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet which became disconnected from Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. There are concerns that Putin may try to establish direct access from Belarus to Kaliningrad, leading to a new Russian strategy to separate the Baltics from NATO. This poses a significant threat to Poland, prompting calls for the United States to deploy two heavy battalions in Poland and increase military presence in the Baltic states. In 2016, NATO decided to deploy battalions in Poland and the Baltic nations for the first time, known as an "enhanced forward presence." These battalions are made up of approximately 1,100 soldiers each, ready for combat but relatively small, serving more as tripwires than a significant obstacle to a Russian advance. Additionally, in 2014 NATO created a "very high readiness joint task force" led by Turkey, designed to respond quickly to threats against NATO sovereignty. This force includes a land brigade with around 5,000 troops, along with air, sea, and special forces support, with additional reinforcements able to be deployed within 30 days. However, the effectiveness of the smaller force remains unproven, and the larger Response Force it belongs to is only a quarter of the size of the Russian invasion force in Ukraine. The larger force, established in 2002 for rapid deployment, consists of 40,000 members who are based in their home countries, making it difficult to gather them quickly. There are doubts about NATO members' commitment to provide weapons to Ukraine in its conflict with Russia, as well as concerns about the potential interception of arms shipments by the Russian military. The risk of accidental confrontations and escalation in this tense environment is significant. Analysts are pointing to the incident in 2015 when Turkey shot down a Russian fighter plane near the Syria-Turkey border as a potential escalation point. The arms control agreements that helped keep the Cold War in check are no longer in effect, leading to new threats from conventional forces and medium-range missiles. Russia has been actively engaging in cyberwarfare, such as hacking the German Parliament and interfering in elections. These new threats highlight the need for stronger cooperation between the European Union and NATO on defense. Coordinating with the EU on areas like economic sanctions, cyber resilience, energy security, and information warfare can benefit both organizations, especially since many EU members are also part of NATO. Bond stated that while the Americans are needed, it is important not to abandon the idea of European autonomy and self-reliance. There are concerns in Europe about the possibility of President Joe Biden not running or winning again in 2024, as well as fears that a Republican aligned with former President Donald Trump's isolationist, America-first beliefs could come into power. Bond emphasized the need for Europe to increase military spending and efficiency in order to address real capability needs, stating that this is now crucial and not just a theoretical concept. | 2 |
The leaders of Germany's businesses are facing criticism following a police raid on one of the country's most respected executives on Thursday, which is just one of many scandals that have eroded the public's trust in the corporate system. The search of Klaus Zumwinkel's home and offices, the CEO of Deutsche Post and a prominent figure in society, in connection to suspected tax evasion has added to the outrage over excessive executive salaries and hefty severance packages. This incident, along with previous scandals involving major companies like Volkswagen and Siemens, has led to concerns about potential political ramifications and a possible rise in support for the far-left Left party. Finance Minister Peer Steinbrueck has stated that the impact of the Zumwinkel case, though focused on individuals rather than the company as a whole, could be significant. Steinbrueck, a member of the Social Democrat party in Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition, warned that such behavior could undermine public confidence in the economic and social system. The situation escalated significantly on Friday when a newspaper suggested that the investigation could expand to include numerous wealthy and influential Germans with offshore bank accounts. Germany has built its post-war reputation on its strong economic and corporate performance, demonstrated by its position as the top global exporter and the presence of many industry-leading companies. While executive salaries in Germany are still lower than those in the United States and Britain, there is a growing sense of dissatisfaction among Germans who believe they are not benefitting from the country's economic growth. Disposable income for lower-income individuals has decreased, sparking media criticism of excessive executive compensation. One notable example is Juergen Schrempp, the former CEO of Daimler, who received a substantial payout and stock options when his merger with Chrysler failed, causing losses for shareholders. In an editorial on Friday, the Sueddeutsche Zeitung expressed that Zumwinkel's case contributes to the widespread suspicion that top executives are dishonest and deceitful. The media's coverage of morally questionable business leaders has sparked public outrage, potentially leading to a shift towards more left-wing policies. The rise in popularity of the Left party, composed of former communists and disgruntled SPD supporters, has already influenced mainstream parties to adopt more left-leaning positions, particularly on welfare reforms. Klaus Schneider, head of the SdK shareholders' association, believes that the negative image of greedy managers fuels a perception of social injustice that benefits the Left party. Former German finance minister Oskar Lafontaine, who is now a co-leader of the Left party, is advocating for an increase in public spending on pensions, welfare benefits, and education. Transparency International, a corruption watchdog, has stated that there is no concrete evidence to suggest that corruption is on the rise in Germany. However, Peter von Blomberg, deputy head of Transparency International Germany, noted that there has been a shift in public perception towards the issue of corruption in the past decade or so. He pointed to Scandinavian countries as a positive example, where there are open lines of communication between citizens and authorities. von Blomberg also emphasized the importance of German companies implementing compliance guidelines, protecting whistleblowers, and promoting transparency. He stated that in Germany, there is still a strong aversion to publicly accusing individuals, citing historical factors. However, he believes there may be a conversation about implementing a legal system to safeguard whistleblowers. | 2 |
Iran said it was in communication with major powers to resume discussions on its nuclear program, but both Washington and the European Union denied this and called on Tehran to demonstrate its willingness to participate. A year after the breakdown of the last talks, tensions are rising over Iran's nuclear activities, which the US and other nations claim are aimed at developing nuclear weapons. Iran denies these allegations. The EU is getting ready to strengthen sanctions against Iran, including an embargo on its crucial oil exports. EU diplomats announced on Wednesday that member states had also agreed in principle to freeze the assets of Iran's central bank, but were still deciding on how to shield non-oil trade from sanctions. Iran has warned that it may block the Strait of Hormuz, which is crucial for a third of the world's seaborne oil trade, if it is unable to sell its own crude oil. This has raised concerns about the possibility of a conflict in the Gulf region that could escalate tensions in the Middle East. Iranian officials have mentioned that U.S. President Barack Obama has shown willingness to engage in negotiations with Iran, which could potentially ease tensions and stabilize oil prices. Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi stated during a visit to Turkey that discussions are ongoing regarding the location and timing of the negotiations, expressing a desire to participate in them. It is likely that Istanbul will be the chosen venue for the negotiations, although this is not yet confirmed. Washington denied that there were ongoing discussions about resuming talks, but did not confirm if Obama had sent a letter to Tehran. State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland stated that there were no current talks happening, but emphasized the importance of Iran being transparent about their nuclear program in order to resume a conversation. White House spokesman Jay Carney also declined to comment on the reports of a letter, stating that diplomatic communications are not discussed. The United States is urging countries to decrease their purchases of Iranian oil in accordance with a new sanctions law signed by Obama on December 31st, which aims to limit Tehran's ability to sell crude oil. The State Department's statement was supported by a spokesperson for EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, who represents the six world powers attempting to engage with Iran. "There are currently no discussions happening regarding new talks," he stated in Brussels. "We are still waiting for Iran to respond to the detailed proposals made by the High Representative (Ashton) in her letter from October." British Foreign Secretary William Hague emphasized the necessity for Iran to be prepared for serious negotiations. He emphasized the importance of actual negotiations with Iran, even though there have been talks of imposing additional sanctions in the European Union. He stated that the pressure for peaceful but justified actions will persist if meaningful negotiations do not take place. He mentioned that Tehran claims its nuclear enrichment is for energy and medical purposes, not for developing nuclear weapons. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta stated that the US military is fully prepared to address any threats from Iran regarding the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Ashton emphasized in a letter to Iranian negotiator Saeed Jalili that the West is still interested in resuming talks, but Iran must be willing to participate in meaningful discussions about ensuring the peaceful nature of its nuclear activities. Iran has consistently pushed for discussions on broader international security issues rather than solely focusing on its nuclear program during sporadic meetings over the past five years. The last negotiations between Iran and the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, along with Germany, came to a standstill in Istanbul a year ago due to the inability to agree on an agenda. A report from a U.N. nuclear watchdog has heightened concerns about Iran's nuclear weapon development efforts since then. EU foreign ministers are likely to approve a gradual ban on Iranian oil imports at their upcoming meeting on January 23. This decision comes after the United States implemented a law that would prevent any institution from doing business with Iran's central bank, effectively preventing most countries from purchasing Iranian oil. According to an EU diplomat, progress has been made regarding the central bank issue, with widespread agreement on the principle. However, discussions are ongoing regarding the specifics. Iran has expressed willingness to negotiate, but has also started moving its uranium enrichment to a more secure location to protect it from potential air strikes by Israel if diplomatic efforts to curb its nuclear program fail. According to Western diplomats, Tehran needs to demonstrate a willingness to change its stance in any future negotiations. Tehran insists that other countries must respect its right to enrich uranium, a nuclear fuel that can be used for atomic bombs if enriched to higher levels than necessary for power plants. Russia, a member of the six power group critical of new EU and U.S. sanctions, warned that a military option suggested by the United States and Israel could lead to a destructive war in the Middle East. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, visiting the Netherlands, reiterated that Iran should not be allowed to acquire nuclear weapons. Earlier in the day, Defence Minister Ehud Barak stated that a decision on an Israeli attack on Iran was unlikely to happen anytime soon. Threats and Friendship: China, which has similar concerns to Russia about Western efforts to halt Iran's oil exports, criticized U.S. sanctions signed by Obama on December 31 as lacking legal justification. Iranian officials claimed that Obama had written to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in response to Iran's threat to close the Strait of Hormuz due to sanctions. Members of Iran's parliament discussed the letter on Wednesday, revealing that it included an offer for direct negotiations. Lawmaker Ali Mottahari stated that the letter identified the closure of the Strait of Hormuz as a 'red line' for the U.S. and requested talks. | 2 |
The payments, which began in July and were hundreds of dollars per month for most families, have assisted millions of American families in covering expenses such as food, rent, and child care. These payments have also helped prevent many children from living in poverty and have contributed billions of dollars to the US economy. However, this benefit, an extension of the current child tax credit, is ending at a time when a new wave of coronavirus cases is emerging, causing people to stay home from work and possibly leading to more furloughs. Economists are concerned that the combination of expiring aid and increasing cases could negatively impact the economic recovery and create significant challenges for families already living near the poverty line. Anna Lara, a mother of two in West Virginia, expressed her fear and uncertainty about the upcoming months without this financial assistance. Lara, 32, expressed her concern about not being able to go back to the way things were before losing her job during the pandemic. With the rising costs of child care, she has struggled to return to work while her partner has managed to keep his job. The child benefit they received helped them make ends meet during a time of reduced income and increasing prices. Lara emphasized the importance of not worrying in front of children, and the extra cushion provided by the benefit helped alleviate some of that stress. The discontinuation of this assistance for parents is just one in a series of "cliffs" that Americans have faced as pandemic aid programs have come to an end, such as the Paycheck Protection Program which ended in March. Unemployment benefits ceased in September and in some states even earlier. The federal eviction moratorium came to an end during the summer. The final round of stimulus payments were received by Americans in the spring. In comparison to those initiatives, the reduction in the child tax credit is minor. The Treasury Department distributed approximately $80 billion in checks and direct deposits over a period of six months, providing up to $300 per child monthly. The child benefit program, unlike many other pandemic response programs, was not meant to be temporary according to its supporters. It was approved by Congress for one year as part of the American Rescue Plan, but many hoped it would continue due to its popularity. However, polls show that public opinion on extending the program is divided along partisan and generational lines, with some supporting and others opposing it. The expanded tax credit did not convince Sen Joe Manchin, whose opinion was crucial, as he had concerns about the cost and structure of President Joe Biden's climate, tax, and social policy bill. Without Manchin's support, the Build Back Better Act cannot move forward in the Senate. Supporters of the child benefit are disappointed by this outcome, as the program has been successful in keeping millions of children out of poverty and improving overall well-being. In the spring, Congress expanded the child tax credit in three ways. Firstly, they increased the amount to $3,600 per child from $2,000. Secondly, they started distributing the credit in monthly payments directly to recipients' bank accounts, making it similar to children's allowances in Europe. Lastly, the bill allowed millions of low-income individuals to access the full benefit of the credit, a change referred to as "full refundability." This change was especially important as it ensured that a significant portion of children, including many Black and Hispanic children and those raised by single mothers, were receiving the full credit amount. Biden's proposal would have made the child tax credit provision permanent. According to Megan Curran, director of policy at Columbia's Center on Poverty and Social Policy, the child tax credit has been a successful policy in reducing child poverty and food insufficiency. This credit is not only for low-income families, as even couples earning up to $150,000 a year can benefit from the full $3,600 credit. Wealthier families also qualify for the original $2,000 credit. Critics of the policy, such as Manchin, believe it is not logical to provide assistance to families who are already financially stable. Some supporters of the credit are willing to restrict it to wealthier households in exchange for keeping it available to poorer families. Manchin has expressed doubts about giving unconditional cash payments, citing concerns that recipients may misuse the funds on opioids. However, a Census Bureau survey revealed that most recipients used the money for essential items like food and clothing, with some saving or paying off debt. Other surveys have yielded similar findings. One of Manchin's constituents, Lara, received her first monthly check last year at a very convenient time. Her dishwasher had just broken, and the $550 a month that she and her family received from the federal government allowed them to replace it. Lara, who has a 6-year-old daughter and a 3-year-old son, and whose partner earns about $40,000 a year, mentioned that their family had always lived "right on the edge of need" - not poor, but never able to save enough for unexpected expenses. She stated that the monthly child benefit helped them move a little further away from financial instability. This benefit allowed her to purchase new shoes and a car seat for her daughter, stock up on laundry detergent during sales, and fix the brakes on her car. “It's incredible that none of the dashboard lights are illuminated,” she remarked. Some experts have raised doubts about the effectiveness of the policy, especially in the long run. Bruce D Meyer, an economist at the University of Chicago specializing in poverty research, suggested that while direct cash payments during the peak of the pandemic were necessary, a permanent plan of giving unconditional cash to parents could have unforeseen consequences. He and his colleagues recently published a study indicating that the child benefit might discourage individuals from working, partly due to the removal of work incentives found in the previous tax credit system. Meyer explained, “Initially, our main goal was to provide financial assistance to individuals in need during the economic downturn and ensure they could afford basic necessities.” He stated that it is important to focus on the long-term impacts of the new child benefit, particularly on labor supply. However, studies have not shown that the benefit discourages people from working, and some believe it may actually encourage more people to work by helping parents afford child care. Samuel Hammond from the Niskanen Center in Washington stated that the child tax credit is likely to enable work in the current labor market, with no evidence to the contrary. He also believes the child benefit could have broader economic benefits, estimating that it could increase consumer spending by $27 billion nationally and create 500,000 full-time jobs. The greatest impact would be felt in rural states with larger families and lower incomes. Some Republican critics, such as Senator Roy Blunt of Missouri, believe that the expanded child tax credit has led to increased government spending, contributing to inflation by giving people more money to spend in a strained supply chain. However, many economists doubt that the tax credit has significantly impacted inflation, as it is relatively small compared to the economy and previous pandemic aid. Chief economist Joe Brusuelas argues that the tax credit is noninflationary, as it is focused on necessities rather than luxuries. Those benefiting from the credit argue that inflation is a reason to keep it, as they have seen prices rise for groceries, utilities, and gas, putting a strain on their budgets. She mentioned that at the moment, both of her vehicles require gas and she is unable to fill up the car. However, she is not too worried as she has groceries at home and the children can entertain themselves outdoors. | 2 |
Two high-ranking US government officials, Democrat Congresswoman Betty McCollum and ambassador-at-large for global women's issues Melanne Verveer, are scheduled to arrive in Dhaka on Wednesday. They will be meeting with government officials, community leaders, and civil society representatives who are involved in advocating for women's rights. The purpose of their visit is to promote US policy on women, health, and education, as stated in a press release from the US embassy. McCollum and Verveer will be discussing various issues such as maternal and child health, access to education for girls, child marriage, gender-based violence, human trafficking, and the role of women in addressing climate change with both government and non-government organizations in Bangladesh. McCollum, who is serving her sixth term in the US Congress, has recently introduced legislation that recognizes child marriage as a violation of human rights and is pushing for its elimination as a US foreign policy objective. Additionally, the bill would mandate that USAID and the State Department gather and share information on the frequency of child marriage and how it affects important US development objectives. As director of the State Department's office on global women's issues, Verveer oversees diplomatic efforts and initiatives concerning the empowerment of women in various aspects worldwide. Verveer is scheduled to depart for Nepal on January 6, while McCollum will remain in Bangladesh until January 10, as stated in the press release. | 2 |
In Gwinnett County, Georgia, four out of 156 precincts experienced prolonged technical delays during voting. In South Carolina, some voting machines lacked power or the necessary devices to activate them. Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, which includes Pittsburgh, had some confusion as at least four polling places were changed in the last two days. Voters in Chandler, Arizona found a polling place closed due to failure to pay rent, but it was later reopened. In Houston, a worker at a polling site was removed and faced an assault charge after a racially charged dispute with a voter, according to The Houston Chronicle. Issues with voting on election day are common, and it may take days or even weeks to fully understand and address them. However, the number of calls to voting hotlines from advocacy groups has increased significantly compared to the last midterm election in 2014. The Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which oversees 20 election call centers, reported receiving 24,000 phone calls by 5 pm on Tuesday, compared to 14,000 calls at the same time in 2014. Certain states, including Arizona, Florida, Georgia, and Texas, were identified as having particularly problematic voting issues. These problems may unsettle voters who are already on edge following the controversial 2016 election and concerns about Russian interference and unsubstantiated claims of widespread voter fraud by President Donald Trump. Tensions have increased due to a contentious debate over the accessibility of voter registration, early voting, and polling sites for Americans. Election experts have noted a decrease in the protection of minority voting rights since the Supreme Court invalidated a key part of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. Issues such as extended hours at polling locations have arisen in multiple states, with a judge in Texas ordering nine polling locations to stay open an extra hour after complaints from civil rights organizations. Similar efforts were being made in Maricopa County, Arizona by a coalition of groups. And, in Georgia, a local judge decided to keep multiple locations in Gwinnett County open for voting, including Annistown Elementary School, where voting hours were extended by more than two hours. Additionally, a few precincts in Fulton County, which encompasses much of Atlanta, were kept open for several hours. One of these precincts was Forbes Arena, where a rally was held last Friday with Democratic candidate for governor Stacey Abrams and former President Barack Obama. The state's election system was a major point of contention during the campaign between Abrams, who aimed to become the first African-American woman elected governor in any state, and her Republican opponent Brian Kemp, who also serves as the secretary of state and oversees the state's elections. Abrams and her supporters accused Kemp of attempting to suppress the vote through strict interpretations of state laws and procedures. Kemp argued that his intention was to prevent cheating and dismissed accusations of voter suppression as unfounded. Although there were long lines at some polling places in Georgia, other voters had a smooth experience. Kemp stated that everything had been running smoothly throughout the day and that there were no unusual issues. However, some voters had a different experience, such as those at Annistown Elementary School in Snellville, Georgia, where residents reported long lines and problems with voting machines. One voter, Ontaria Woods, said it took her nearly five hours to vote after arriving at 7 am when the polls opened. After approximately 30 to 45 minutes, election workers informed people waiting in line about a problem with the ExpressPoll voting machines, according to her. She mentioned that many people were not surprised and the term "voter suppression" was frequently mentioned. Some voters refused provisional ballots out of fear that they would not be counted, while others left to purchase food and water from Walmart. The machines were eventually fixed around 11 am, and Woods voted about 45 minutes later before going to work, several hours later than planned. Gwinnett, a diverse collection of suburbs near Atlanta, has traditionally been a Republican stronghold, but Hillary Clinton won the county in 2016. Joe Sorenson, a representative for the county government, mentioned that four precincts in Georgia had problems with the system that generates voter access cards for the electronic polling system. A judge allowed extended hours at various locations in the county, with one staying open until 9:25 pm instead of the planned 7 pm close. Bradford Berry from the NAACP emphasized the importance of ensuring that malfunctioning voting machines are not concentrated in specific areas. While some issues in Georgia seemed to be the fault of county elections officials, Abigail Collazo from Abrams' campaign blamed Kemp for the problems. Collazo praised the dedication of Georgia voters who waited in line to cast their ballots despite issues with polling locations. In Arizona, voting-rights monitors reported significant delays at some sites due to ballot printing problems. The complaints primarily focused on Maricopa County, which is the most populous county in the state. Two years ago, chaos ensued due to a transition from local polling places to regional voting centers. Voters at these centers faced issues such as being turned away or having to endure long waits because printers malfunctioned and were unable to produce ballots tailored to their home precincts. Common Cause, which was monitoring polling problems, reported these issues. According to Clarke, the problems in Maricopa County were some of the most significant seen that day and disproportionately affected minority voters. In four of the affected voting centers, minority voters such as Latinos, African-Americans, and Native Americans outnumbered white voters by a large margin. In South Carolina, the State Election Commission stated that problems with malfunctioning voting machines were limited. Chris Whitmire, a spokesperson, stated in an email that the issues were caused by human error in system preparation and had been resolved earlier in the morning. The Justice Department sent election monitors to 35 jurisdictions in 19 states, but Attorney General Jeff Sessions received criticism from Democrats for focusing on fraud over civil rights. Common Cause President Karen Flynn expressed concern over the current political climate, noting the lack of collaboration between the Department of Justice and voter protection networks, the absence of Voting Rights Act protections, and the threatening messages from the president. In El Paso, Texas, the federal Border and Customs Protection agency cancelled a crowd-control exercise near the Mexico border following complaints of voter intimidation from civil-rights groups and Democratic leaders. The exercise was set to take place near a Latino neighborhood and a polling station used by Latino voters. Nina Perales, the voting rights legal director at the Mexican American Legal Defence and Educational Fund, described the situation as clumsy and insensitive at best, and potentially more problematic at worst. Not all issues were as severe as anticipated, as shown in a viral video from a polling site in Columbus, Ohio, where a voter appeared to select the Republican candidate for governor, Mike DeWine, on an electronic ballot but the paper record indicated a vote for DeWine's Democratic opponent, Richard Cordray. The video was posted on Facebook with claims that the machine was rigged. A representative from the Franklin County Board of Elections, Aaron Sellers, explained that a machine at the polling place had a paper jam, leading to a previous voter's paper record printing out. The voter was able to cast her ballot again on a different machine. Despite the incident being resolved, a video of it was widely circulated on Twitter by users associated with the QAnon conspiracy theory, which supports President Trump. This information was reported by the New York Times News Service in 2018. | 2 |
The foreign ministry stated that this decision will lead to a better quality of life for the people in the area. Mahmud made these remarks during the opening of the 'Water Innovation Summit 2015' in New Delhi, which was organized by the Confederation of Indian Industries and the Water Institute of India. He emphasized the importance of water in terms of security and sustainable human development. Both Bangladesh and India have an abundance of water during the monsoon season and face scarcity during the dry season. Mahmud believes that if a comprehensive approach is taken to manage the water resources of the entire region, it will be possible to fully utilize the potential of its water resources. The minister emphasized the importance of building a barrage in the Ganges within Bangladesh's territory to ensure a steady supply of fresh water in the southern regions and to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. He called for the prompt signing of the Teesta water-sharing agreement, stating that resolving water issues would contribute to regional development and stability. He met with Indian Minister Uma Bharati on Monday, as confirmed by the foreign ministry. Bharati reassured that India would not undertake any river interlinking projects that could harm Bangladesh and accepted an invitation to participate in the upcoming JRC meeting in Bangladesh. | 2 |
Zimbabwean police have arrested opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai for the second time this week, preventing him from attending a campaign rally for the upcoming presidential run-off vote on June 27. The opposition Movement for Democratic Change has accused President Robert Mugabe of trying to hinder Tsvangirai's campaign in order to maintain his long-standing grip on power. Tsvangirai was later released from custody in Esigodini, located 40 km southeast of Bulawayo, after being stopped by armed police at a roadblock. The opposition party criticized Tsvangirai's detention as a desperate and disgraceful act by the regime, urging authorities to allow him to fulfill the mandate given to him by the people of Zimbabwe to restore their dignity. The police have banned several planned campaign rallies due to concerns over the safety of party leaders. The party has stated that they will take legal action to prevent police interference in the campaign. The police spokesperson blamed the opposition for a recent incident where the MDC convoy crashed through a roadblock. Tsvangirai, who won the March 29 election but did not secure enough votes to avoid a second ballot, was detained and questioned by police for eight hours. Diplomats from the U.S. and Britain were also stopped and held by police after visiting victims of political violence. Relief agencies have been barred from operating in Zimbabwe, exacerbating the country's economic crisis. U.S. Ambassador James McGee, who was one of those detained on Thursday, accused the government on Friday of using food aid as a way to gain votes. He described the regime as desperate and willing to do anything to maintain power during a video conference call from Harare. Washington has placed the blame for the diplomats' detention squarely on Mugabe's government. The United States and Britain, Zimbabwe's former colonial power, believe that Zimbabwe is attempting to intimidate Tsvangirai's supporters. France's foreign ministry expressed deep concern about the intimidation and violence taking place in Zimbabwe. The opposition claims that 65 people have been killed in violent incidents since the first round of voting. Mugabe is blaming his opponents for the unrest. Mugabe's government halted the operations of all international aid agencies in the country, accusing some of supporting the opposition. Britain and the European Union have called for the ban to be lifted. U.N. officials expressed concern that the suspension of aid would lead to increased suffering, while CARE stated that millions of aid-dependent Zimbabweans were in danger. EU aid commissioner Louis Michel expressed deep distress over the uncertainty faced by hundreds of thousands of people who rely on aid for survival. Zimbabwe, previously a prosperous country in Africa, has experienced a decline in food production since 2000 due to the government's seizure of white-owned farms for redistribution to poor blacks. This has led to chronic food shortages, forcing the country to rely on handouts and imports to feed its population. Mugabe attributes the decline of Zimbabwe's once thriving economy to sanctions imposed by Western nations, while the opposition believes he is responsible for the country's downfall due to mismanagement. The Southern African Development Community, which includes Zimbabwe, is dispatching observers to oversee the upcoming run-off election. | 2 |
Bennett had a meeting later in the day with King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa, the ruler of Bahrain, as well as Vice Admiral Brad Cooper of the US Navy's Fifth Fleet, Bahraini ministers, and members of Bahrain's Jewish community. During the meeting, Bennett emphasized the importance of transitioning from government-to-government relations to people-to-people peace. Prince Salman agreed, likening the meeting to cousins coming together. Additionally, an agreement was announced between Israel and Bahrain to fund joint business projects in various sectors. This visit marked the first official visit by an Israeli prime minister to Bahrain, highlighting the strengthening ties between Israel and several Arab nations over the past year and a half. Israel has established diplomatic relations with Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and improved relations with Sudan and Morocco since 2020. For years, the majority of Arab countries refused to normalize relations with Israel due to the unresolved Israeli-Palestinian conflict. However, priorities have shifted for some countries in the region, including Bahrain. Containing Iran and its armed proxies now takes precedence over resolving the conflict, especially as Iran accelerates its nuclear enrichment. Bahrain will host an Israeli military officer for the first time as part of a regional alliance to ensure freedom of navigation and international trade in the Persian Gulf, following attacks by Iran and its proxies on ships in the area. Bahrain's invitation to Bennett suggested a growing acceptance of Israel's role in the region by Saudi Arabia, a major player in the Arab world and a rival to Iran. While Saudi officials officially deny plans to normalize ties with Israel, their support is crucial for Bahrain, as evidenced by past instances of assistance. Bahrain is often seen as a proxy for Saudi Arabia, making decisions in alignment with the kingdom. According to political scientist Abdulkhaleq Abdulla, Bahrain looks to Saudi Arabia as a supportive ally in times of need. Abdulla stated that there is more cooperation among Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and other Gulf States than many people realize. Prominent Saudis have also made surprising statements regarding Israel and the Palestinians, such as Prince Mohammed asserting in 2018 that Israelis have a right to their own land. Two years later, Saudi prince Bandar bin Sultan criticized the Palestinian leadership for failing ordinary Palestinians. In a current example of this changing attitude, Saudi movie theaters are screening a film featuring Israeli actress Gal Gadot, who has faced criticism in the Arab world for her support of Israeli military actions in Gaza. Relations are improving between Israel and the Arab countries of Egypt and Jordan, despite past tensions. President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi of Egypt publicly greeted an Israeli government minister, Karine Elharrar, in a notable display of warming ties. However, while government bonds are strengthening, public sentiment in the Arab world remains hesitant. Polls indicate that most Arabs do not support the recent diplomatic progress with Israel. In Bahrain, where dissent is limited, small groups of protesters were seen demonstrating against the Bahraini government and Israel on social media. International human rights organizations state that Bahrain lacks a free press and that its judiciary is controlled by the ruling royal family. The Khalifa family, a Sunni Muslim dynasty, has governed Bahrain since 1783, overseeing a predominantly Shia population that claims to experience widespread sectarian discrimination. Activists who have been forced to flee Bahrain expressed disappointment in Bennett's visit coinciding with the anniversary of the 2011 uprising, viewing it as a betrayal of the Palestinian cause and as an endorsement of Israel's policies. Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei, advocacy director at the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy, described the visit as a disrespectful gesture towards Bahrainis who had bravely opposed authoritarian rule 11 years earlier, criticizing the decision to host the leader of a country they view as practicing apartheid. | 2 |
Greenpeace is urging leaders from the European Union and Africa who met in Lisbon to take immediate action to prevent the destruction of African forests, which is leading to carbon emissions that contribute to climate change. Stephan Van Praet, coordinator for Greenpeace International's Africa Forest Campaign, emphasized the importance of political leaders supporting a halt to deforestation in Africa. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, but release it when they decay or are burned. Deforestation is responsible for approximately 25 percent of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions, equivalent to the emissions of the United States. Urgent measures need to be taken. Greenpeace activists displayed a banner at Lisbon's Vasco da Gama tower urging the saving of African forests to protect the climate. Stephan Van Praet stated that Greenpeace would continue their campaign in Lisbon over the weekend. He emphasized the need for Europe to pass legislation preventing illegal timber imports to enhance their credibility in combating climate change and deforestation. Van Praet also stressed the importance of Europe taking responsibility in the international market by starting at home. The EU aims to reduce emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 as part of efforts to address the potential consequences of climate change such as heatwaves, diseases, sea level rise, and droughts. | 2 |
He plans to rejoin the Iran nuclear deal if Iran agrees to follow its limits. He also intends to extend the nuclear arms treaty with Russia for another five years and strengthen US commitments to NATO after Trump's threats to leave the alliance. Additionally, Biden wants to hold Russia accountable for interference in elections, but his main goal is to move away from the "America First" mentality and work with allies to combat global challenges like the pandemic, which has claimed over 1.2 million lives worldwide. Biden criticized Trump's response to the pandemic, noting that the US has had a disproportionately high number of deaths compared to its population. Trump has been cozying up to autocrats and alienating democratic allies, causing a decline in respect for American leadership. While it may be tempting to revert to a more internationalist approach like after World War II, it will be challenging after four years of isolationism and during a pandemic that has strengthened nationalist tendencies. The global landscape has changed significantly since Biden was last in office, with power shifts favoring China, democracies retreating, and new rivalries emerging in the race for a vaccine. Foreign allies may find Biden comforting, but they also acknowledge that they may never fully trust the United States to not go back to isolating itself by building walls. Biden's top advisers are working on a plan to undo Trump's efforts to withdraw the US from global affairs, recognizing that the world does not organize itself and that American leadership is necessary to prevent negative consequences. Antony J. Blinken, Biden's national security adviser, admitted that the US made mistakes in the past but emphasized the importance of American leadership in global affairs. While some may want to turn back time to before Trump's presidency, it is not possible. Biden is expected to take gradual steps to rebuild US power, starting with rejoining the Paris climate accord. Richard N. Haass, president of the Council on Foreign Relations and a close friend of Biden's, stated that Biden will inherit a situation that gives him a lot of freedom but also limits him in some ways. Haass mentioned that anything Trump did through executive order can be reversed the same way, but any actions requiring Senate approval or new military force will be difficult to achieve without a clear reason. Biden, at 77, has a vision of moving away from "America First" and tapping into the strength that led to victories in past wars. However, during his campaign, Biden was not questioned about how current superpower competition differs from his early political career. He also did not specify what consequences he has in mind for President Putin of Russia, although one of his foreign policy advisers, Jake Sullivan, provided some insight. Just before the election, he stated that Biden was ready to impose significant and long-lasting consequences on those responsible for Russian interference, such as financial sanctions, asset freezes, counter cyberattacks, and possibly exposing corruption by foreign leaders. This would represent a toughening of US policy, reflecting a shift from the approach of the Obama administration during Biden's time as vice president. The change in stance towards Russia reveals the detailed planning by Biden's transition team, which was established in the spring to reverse Trump's foreign policy. The team has assembled a group of foreign policy advisors, both formal and informal, mainly consisting of midlevel and senior officials from the Obama administration who are expected to return. Plans include timelines for negotiations, reentering treaties, and early summit meetings. According to officials, the Biden administration's plans demonstrate significant departures from the strategies of the Obama administration. Biden appears to be reconsidering his previous positions from his time in the Senate and as Vice President. One notable example is Biden's advocacy for a minimal military presence with a focus on counterterrorism in Afghanistan during the early days of the Obama administration. The most noticeable change in strategy, officials say, will be in how the administration approaches China. His advisers acknowledge that during the Obama administration, Biden and his national security team underestimated how quickly President Xi Jinping of China would suppress dissent and use its 5G networks and Belt and Road Initiative to challenge US influence. Kurt Campbell and Ely Ratner, former officials in Biden's administration, wrote in 2018 that China has not been swayed by carrots or sticks as expected, and diplomatic and commercial engagement has not led to political and economic openness. Despite the fact that US military power and regional balancing have not deterred Beijing from attempting to replace key elements of the US-led system, China is just one area where Biden's longstanding views will clash with new realities. In the past, Biden's stance on Afghanistan, advocating for a minimal counterterrorism force, was criticized by former Defense Secretary Robert Gates. Despite being overruled by Obama, Biden's position on Afghanistan has shifted from a setback to a political advantage, as Trump's attempts to portray him as a supporter of endless wars have not been successful. According to Sullivan, Biden's goal is to shift our presence in Afghanistan to focus on counterterrorism, with the aim of preventing al-Qaida or the Islamic State from establishing a base there. This approach would be specific and targeted, reflecting Biden's stance in 2009 and today. Unlike past Democrats who were seen as appeasing Russia during the Cold War, Biden is taking a different approach. He acknowledges the Russian threat, unlike Obama, and is not eager for a reset with Moscow like Clinton. Biden has also pointed out that Russia preferred Trump in the 2016 election, indicating that Putin does not want him to become president. After the 2016 election interference and Trump's handling of Putin, Democrats have become more critical of Russia. During much of the campaign, Biden criticized Trump for getting too close to dictators and expressed his readiness to take action against Russia if elected. As president, Biden will need to address the challenge of dealing with a Russia that possesses 1,550 deployed nuclear weapons along with various tactical nuclear weapons. How can Biden reverse the negative trend? One way would be to extend the New START treaty for five years, as it is set to expire shortly after the inauguration. Additionally, he may look to broaden the treaty to include other types of weapons and potentially involve more countries. And he would take advantage of Putin's increasing economic vulnerability. Blinken stated that they will deter and impose consequences for Putin's interference and aggression. However, Blinken also noted that Putin is seeking to reduce Russia's reliance on China, which has put him in an uncomfortable position. This implies that the Biden administration may attempt to exploit the distrust between Moscow and Beijing to divide the two superpowers, similarly to how President Nixon used it to establish relations with China decades ago. In a different situation, Biden expressed frustration in 2010 when news of a covert operation with Israel to disrupt Iran's nuclear program with a cyberweapon was at risk of being exposed. A decade later, it seems that the Israelis may have been responsible for going too far in their attempts to undermine the Iranian nuclear program. This event marked the beginning of a new era of conflict, with Biden playing a significant role. Biden supported the covert operation as a way to slow Iran's progress without sparking a war in the Middle East. He later believed that this covert program helped bring Iran to the negotiating table for the Iran nuclear deal five years later. President-elect Joe Biden is looking to reaffirm American commitments to NATO. Biden is also planning to reenter the Iran nuclear deal, but it may not be a straightforward process as Iran has indicated there will be consequences for Trump's actions. Additionally, key restrictions on Iran are set to expire soon, allowing Russia and China to resume sales. And soon, a new Iranian president will take office, with uncertain implications for potential negotiations. British Prime Minister Boris Johnson addressed NATO leaders at The Grove hotel and resort in Watford, England on Dec. 4, 2019. President-elect Joe Biden is eager to reaffirm American commitments to NATO. Biden's team believes that rejoining the agreement that Trump withdrew from would put pressure back on Tehran. Secretary of State nominee Antony Blinken stated that if Iran refuses to comply, the US would be in a stronger position to rally support from allies who currently blame Trump for sparking the crisis by rejecting an existing agreement. In 2012, Biden welcomed Xi to Washington and praised him as a reformer. Biden initially supported the idea of China's peaceful rise but later changed his view, calling Xi a "thug." During the campaign, Biden criticized Trump for losing a trade war that he started, pointing out that American taxpayers ultimately paid for the tariffs on Chinese goods through government subsidies. Biden has not provided many details on how he plans to confront these challenges. In addition to resolving disputes over agricultural goods and intellectual property theft by China, he will need to address new issues such as managing the technological advancements made by companies like Huawei and TikTok. Biden has hinted that he may continue Trump's tough stance on China, but with a more diplomatic approach to engage European and other allies. He expressed concerns about how China may be using information obtained from the United States and stated that he would thoroughly investigate the matter if elected president. “I will consult with cyberexperts to determine the best solution to address the issue.” Biden's assertion that he will prioritize values in foreign policy, particularly in the US-China relationship, complicates the situation. This echoes Bill Clinton's promise in 1992 to confront "the butchers of Beijing." This likely involves holding China accountable for Xi's crackdown on dissent, such as the national security laws resulting in detention camps in Xinjiang, the arrests of dissidents in Hong Kong, and the expulsion of foreign journalists who provided independent reporting in China. | 2 |
The destroyed houses of Devi and her neighbors in Haat village are scattered amidst construction waste from a nearby hydroelectric power plant. A Hindu temple near the village is surrounded by debris, where Devi pointed out the remains of her house buried in the mess. She questions the kind of development that takes away homes from the poor to provide electricity to others. Devi's family is one of over 240 households in the village that were displaced due to the construction of a 444-megawatt hydropower project on the Alaknanda river. The power plant, funded by the World Bank, is just one of many hydroelectric projects underway in India's Himalayan states, with the goal of reducing the country's carbon emissions. The government believes that hydropower, along with solar and wind energy, is essential to achieving India's target of obtaining half of its energy from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. Proponents of hydropower argue that it generates large amounts of clean electricity and can be quickly scaled up when solar and wind energy fall short. However, critics, including environmental organizations and communities affected by hydroelectric projects, argue that the significant environmental and social impacts are difficult to justify. For example, Devi, 63, reported that locals who refused to sell their land to the government-owned Tehri Hydro Development Corporation (THDC) were forcibly removed and detained while their homes were destroyed. Those who had previously agreed to sell their homes were given a "nominal" compensation of 1 million Indian rupees ($12,887) each, according to homemaker Devi, who now resides with her family in a nearby village. Sandeep Gupta, assistant general manager of the THDC project, stated that residents of Haat had voluntarily agreed to relocate and were fairly compensated. He also mentioned that the project was being monitored by government agencies to prevent any environmental harm, and so far no negative impact has been reported by these agencies. The International Energy Agency highlighted the untapped potential of hydropower in a June 2021 report, referring to it as "the forgotten giant of clean electricity." The report urged countries to incorporate hydropower into their energy mix to help achieve net-zero emissions. India currently has 46 gigawatts of installed hydropower capacity, which is only a third of its potential capacity according to government data. In 2019, the government officially recognized hydroelectric projects of over 25 MW as a renewable energy source in order to increase capacity. Power companies are now required to use hydro for a portion of their supply, whereas previously only smaller hydropower plants were considered renewable. Arun Kumar, a professor at the Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee specializing in hydropower and renewable energy, emphasized that expanding India's hydropower sector goes beyond electricity generation. He pointed out that hydroelectric dams can also provide a dependable water supply for various purposes and bring benefits such as tourism, employment opportunities, infrastructure development, and overall improvement in the quality of life in underdeveloped regions. Kumar, who is a board member of the International Hydropower Association based in London, highlighted the multiple advantages of large-scale hydro projects. Himanshu Thakkar, coordinator of the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, argues that it is not economically logical for India to build more hydropower plants when cheaper clean energy can be obtained from solar and wind projects. Thakkar points out that the cost of installing 1 MW of hydroelectric capacity in India is over 100 million rupees, which is double the cost of solar or wind-based capacity. He believes that corruption and weak regulation are the main reasons why Indian authorities are focused on hydropower. Thakkar also suggests that there is potential for inflated costs due to lack of regulatory oversight. Despite hydropower's reputation as a green energy source, some environmentalists believe that it does more harm than good. According to experts, hydro projects can have negative impacts on nearby communities by clearing forests, diverting rivers, disrupting groundwater recharge, and causing significant earth movement. These effects can make communities more vulnerable to extreme weather events. S.P. Sati, an environmental science professor at the College of Forestry-Ranichauri in Uttarakhand, highlighted the devastating floods in the state in 2013 that resulted in approximately 6,000 fatalities. An investigative committee appointed by India's Supreme Court found that hydroelectric projects had worsened the flood damage by causing rushing water to carry debris downstream, leading to the burial of low-lying communities. The committee's report also pointed out that construction activities such as digging and explosives use could potentially trigger landslides or slope failure. Sati expressed that if one overlooks the sensitivity, fragility, and carrying capacity of the terrain, hydropower could lead to significant disasters. The head of Haat village, Rajendra Prasad Hatwal, stated that residents would continue protesting and urging the local government to stop using their homes as dumping sites and properly compensate displaced families. He questioned India's heavy reliance on hydropower, citing the disruptions faced by countries like the United States, Brazil, and China due to climate change-induced droughts. Hatwal also raised concerns about the clearing of thousands of trees for the power plant, questioning the contradiction in promoting forest conservation to combat climate change. He described the situation as confusing and frustrating. | 2 |
Democrats have gained control of the US House of Representatives from Trump's Republicans in the midterm elections, which were viewed as a judgment on his presidency. This allows the opposition party to obstruct Trump's domestic plans and increase investigations into his business dealings and potential ties to Russia. However, Trump's authority in foreign policy remains strong, with Democrats possibly pushing for a tougher stance on Saudi Arabia and Russia. Nonetheless, they are unlikely to make significant changes in Trump's key areas such as the trade dispute with China and his approach towards Iran. Norbert Roettgen, head of the foreign affairs committee in the German Bundestag, stated that the president's wide-ranging powers in foreign policy remain unaffected. Peter Trubowitz, director of the United States Centre at the London School of Economics, warned that Trump may become even more polarizing and aggressive if he is defeated in the House. Trubowitz suggested that Trump could focus more on issues related to China, Iran, and the Mexican border, and may prioritize foreign policy in the lead up to the 2020 election. Trump's first two years in office were marked by actions that unsettled traditional US allies, such as withdrawing from the Iran nuclear deal and the Paris climate accord, criticizing trade surpluses and defense spending of allies like Germany, and building relationships with authoritarian leaders in North Korea, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. Although not many European politicians openly expressed it, there was a desire in Berlin, Paris, and Brussels for American voters to give a clear rejection to Trump's Republicans in the midterms, in the hopes of prompting a change in direction and increasing the chances of a change in leadership in 2020. Some European politicians viewed the Democratic gains in the House as evidence of a shift. Frans Timmermans, the first vice president of the European Commission, stated that Americans had opted for "hope instead of fear, civility instead of rudeness, and inclusion instead of racism." However, the results did not meet the expectations of a significant "blue wave." Republicans were able to strengthen their majority in the Senate, which traditionally has a significant impact on foreign policy. In multiple prominent races for the House, Senate, and governor positions in states like Iowa, Florida, Georgia, and Texas, Republicans who are closely aligned with Trump have emerged as winners. Roettgen views this as a sign of Trump's normalization and the success of his "hostile takeover" of the Republican Party. Democrats may be able to control Trump's actions on Saudi Arabia due to the backlash in Congress over the killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Additionally, focusing more on Russia's alleged interference in the 2016 election could limit Trump's ability to cooperate with President Vladimir Putin. Democrats in the House could also advocate for stricter sanctions against Moscow, including measures that target European companies involved in the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov expressed doubt that there are any positive signs for improving Russian-American relations in the near future. He mentioned that trade is an area where presidents have more autonomy to act, and many European diplomats believe that Trump will continue to focus on the conflict with China. Despite domestic challenges, Trump may also target Europe on trade issues, such as imposing tariffs on car imports from Germany. However, a meeting in June between European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and Trump at the White House helped ease tensions. Last month, US Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross accused the EU of delaying trade progress and mentioned that Trump's patience has its limits. Jeremy Shapiro, a former State Department official who now works as research director at the European Council on Foreign Relations, stated that Trump strongly feels that the EU, particularly the Germans, are exploiting the US. Shapiro also predicted that if Trump faces political challenges domestically, he will seek out new conflicts. | 2 |
Scattered rain provided some relief to certain areas of the drought-stricken US Midwest on Wednesday, but the majority of the region continues to suffer from the most severe drought in fifty years. The US Agriculture Department predicts that food prices will increase more rapidly than other consumer costs until 2013 due to the destruction of crops and dwindling supplies. USDA economist Richard Volpe warned that the drought will have a significant impact on food prices in the coming year, affecting everything from corn and soybean prices to feed prices, animal prices, wholesale prices, and ultimately retail prices. The USDA anticipates food prices to rise between 2.5 percent and 3.5 percent in 2012, followed by another 3-4 percent increase in 2013. The USDA predicts that food prices will increase faster than overall U.S. inflation, which is a change from previous trends. U.S. inflation is expected to be 2 percent this year and 1.9 percent in 2013. Food prices rose 3.7 percent last year but only 0.8 percent in 2010. The USDA also expanded its disaster aid designation to include 76 more counties, bringing the total to 1,369 counties in 31 states. The agency reported that two-thirds of the United States is currently experiencing mild or extreme drought conditions. Forecasters predict that the northern Corn Belt, stretching from eastern Nebraska to northern Illinois, will experience a second day of scattered rain following weeks of hot, dry weather. However, the southern Midwest, including Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, is expected to continue facing hot, dry conditions. Jim Keeney, a National Weather Service meteorologist, noted that these areas require over 10 inches of rain to alleviate the drought from Kansas to Ohio. The approaching front is anticipated to bring only 1/2 to 1 inch of rain, falling short of being a drought buster. The central and southern Midwest experienced temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit on Wednesday, with St. Louis reaching 101 F. Andy Karst, a meteorologist for World Weather Inc., noted that there has been no change in the drought pattern, just a shifting of thunderstorms. He predicted that there would be no significant rainfall until August 8. Following this outlook, the Chicago Board of Trade grain markets saw an increase in prices after a decrease from last week's highs. Chicago Board of Trade corn for September delivery closed 4-1/2 cents higher at $7.94-1/2 a bushel, compared to the previous week's high of $8.28-3/4. August soybeans ended 45 cents higher at $16.94-1/4, compared to last week's high of $17.77-3/4. September wheat also saw an increase, rising 24-1/2 cents at $9.03-1/4, compared to last week's high of $9.47-1/4. Markets worldwide are worried about the impact of rising prices on local food costs due to expensive imports, potential lack of food aid for countries like China and Egypt, and the possibility of food riots. The United States, a major exporter of corn, soybeans, and wheat, is facing significant losses in its corn crop this year, which is crucial for various products. Soybeans, planted after corn, are also at risk but could potentially be saved by forecasted rain. A recent Reuters poll suggests that US corn yields may hit a 10-year low, leading to the lowest harvest in six years. Extensive damage has already been seen in declining weekly crop reports from Corn Belt states. According to Bryce Knorr, senior editor for Farm Futures Magazine, the losses in Monday's crop ratings could be on par with the damage seen during the 1988 drought if these conditions continue. Weather conditions have already resulted in almost 4 billion bushels being taken off the corn crop, indicating a need for demand to be rationed. In Putnam County, Indiana, crop scouts didn't even bother inspecting corn fields this week as they believed farmers would plow the crops under instead of attempting to harvest anything. However, scouts in central Illinois reported on Wednesday that some corn fields were doing better than expected, likely due to early planting and pollination after a warm winter and spring. Tom Womack from the Tennessee Department of Agriculture mentioned that while recent rains have improved the outlook for soybeans, the corn crop has already suffered irreversible damage. Ohio Governor John Kasich approved an order on Wednesday allowing farmers to harvest hay from grass along highways near their land for their livestock. Fire risks were increasing in some areas of the Plains, with firefighters and the National Guard working to contain wildfires that have burned over 60,000 acres in three north-central Nebraska counties in the past week. Helicopters dropped water on wildfires in the Niobrara River Valley that were started by lightning over the weekend. Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman stated that progress is being made, but ongoing support is necessary. In Missouri, a state experiencing extreme drought, the highway patrol warned of hazardous driving conditions due to smoke from grass and brush fires, some of which were caused by discarded cigarettes. Throughout the Midwest, communities implemented water restrictions for landscaping and took measures to preserve trees suffering from stress, such as using drip bags. Reservoir and river levels are currently low and are being closely monitored, leading to restrictions on barge movements along the Mississippi River and recreational boating. The U.S. drought is believed to be caused by the El Nino phenomenon in the western Pacific Ocean, which warms sea temperatures and impacts global weather patterns, potentially preventing moisture from reaching the U.S. Midwest breadbasket. Scientists warn that this year's drought, the worst since 1956, may be tied to climate factors that could have even more severe consequences in the future. The Midwest has experienced an increase in dangerously hot summer days over the past 60 years, and the region is expected to face more extreme weather as the climate continues to warm, according to a report from the Union of Concerned Scientists. The report examined weather patterns in various cities including Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Peoria, Illinois, and Toledo, Ohio. It revealed that hot, humid days have increased in the Midwest since the 1940s and 1950s, with hot, dry days becoming even hotter. The study also showed that finding relief from the heat has become more challenging, as all cities now experience fewer cool, dry days in the summer and higher nighttime temperatures. Steve Frenkel, director of UCS's Midwest office, noted that high nighttime temperatures increase the risk of heat-related illnesses and deaths, especially for those without air conditioning. The report stated that in July 1995, over 700 deaths in Chicago were linked to a heat wave. It also projected that with increasingly hot summers, the number of annual deaths in Chicago is expected to increase from 143 in the years 2020-2029 to 300 in the years 2090-2099. | 2 |
French-American Duflo has become the second female winner of the economics prize in the award's 50-year history and is also the youngest at 46. She shared the award with Indian-born American Banerjee and Kremer, both from the United States. The Academy stated that the work of these three economists has demonstrated how addressing poverty can be achieved by breaking it down into smaller, more specific questions in areas like education and healthcare, which makes the problems easier to tackle. The Academy also mentioned that as a result of their research, over five million Indian children have benefited from effective remedial tutoring programs in schools, and many countries have introduced heavy subsidies for preventive healthcare. The economics prize, worth 9 million Swedish crowns ($915,300), was added later to the five awards established in the will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and an industrialist. It was established by the Swedish central bank and first awarded in 1969. The Nobel Economics Prize is the last award to be announced, following the winners of the prizes for medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, and peace that were unveiled over the course of last week. In 2018, U.S. economists William Nordhaus and Paul Romer were jointly awarded the Nobel Economics Prize for their pioneering work in adapting the western economic growth model to focus on environmental issues and technology benefits. Nordhaus' recognition has faced criticism for underestimating climate change-related risks in the model he created to describe the relationship between the economy and climate. | 2 |
Russian President Vladimir Putin introduced a government filled with his supporters on Monday, strengthening his control over the economy and national security following protests and limiting Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev's ability to implement market reforms. Putin, aged 59, chose to maintain continuity by keeping his ally Igor Shuvalov as first deputy prime minister responsible for economic policy, while Igor Sechin will continue as his energy chief in a position outside the government. Putin announced several new names for cabinet positions during a meeting at the Kremlin, but kept many familiar faces in key roles, showing little interest in making significant policy changes at the beginning of his six-year presidential term. The former KGB agent solidified his influence over important ministries by appointing Moscow police chief Vladimir Kolokoltsev as interior minister, demonstrating his trust in a man who has sometimes used force against protesters calling for Putin's resignation. Putin indicated his intention to maintain consistency in international and military affairs by keeping Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov in their positions, as well as Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, a supporter who oversees the defense industry. Putin addressed the new cabinet in a Kremlin meeting broadcast live on state television, stating that work will be challenging due to the uncertain global economy. He emphasized the importance of implementing a privatization program and reducing the economy's reliance on oil and gas exports. Putin has faced significant protests, sparked by allegations of electoral fraud and fueled by frustration over his extended time in power. The opposition believes that Putin is ignoring their views and hindering economic and political reforms in Russia. Putin's appointment of Kolokoltsev to the Interior Ministry signals his refusal to give in to protesters' demands for more political freedom and a decrease in central control over the vast country. Opposition leader Boris Nemtsov accused a man of disrupting peaceful meetings with the help of cudgels, stating that this behavior is consistent with the principles of modern Putinism. Despite Prime Minister Medvedev's intentions to implement pro-growth policies and privatization efforts, concerns have been raised about potential factional divisions within the ruling 'tandem'. Alfa Bank, based in Moscow, suggested that the new cabinet is more likely to prioritize budget stability over a pro-market agenda. The new cabinet is seen as an attempt to strike a balance of power between the president and PM, potentially hindering the implementation of a cohesive economic agenda. The lineup includes some fresh faces from the group of young market liberals who worked in the Kremlin during Medvedev's presidency. Among them is Arkady Dvorkovich, appointed as one of the six deputy premiers with a focus on energy and industry policy, roles in which he had limited influence as Medvedev's economic adviser. Alexander Novak, a former deputy finance minister, was named energy minister, suggesting that Sechin will retain control over Russia's oil and gas sector despite leaving the government. Another Medvedev ally, Mikhail Abyzov, was appointed coordinator of an "open government" forum, which has so far yielded discussion but little action. Putin, who relinquished his role as president in 2008 due to constitutional restrictions, expanded his control over economic policy - typically the responsibility of the prime minister - by appointing individuals who support his belief in state-led development to the finance and economy portfolios. Anton Siluanov, a career bureaucrat, remains as finance minister, while Andrei Belousov, a pro-Putin economist, was promoted to economy minister. Former Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, who was removed from government last year in a power struggle with Medvedev, described the new government as lacking innovation and expressed doubts about its ability to address the challenges facing Russia. Analysts predicted that the cabinet would probably lack independence and looked to the Kremlin team being formed by Putin for insight into policy direction during his upcoming six-year term. After this term, Putin could potentially seek re-election and aim to rule until 2024. Alexander Morozov, chief economist at HSBC in Moscow, stated that the balance of power in decision-making may shift from the government to the presidential administration, as recent presidential statements did not indicate a desire for structural reforms. Despite Russia's economy growing 4.9 percent in the first quarter, this growth was largely due to pre-election spending that raised the required oil price for Russia to balance its budget in the future. German Gref, head of Sberbank, warned that the "oil curse" would eventually impact Russia. The government must create a positive environment for investment and economic growth, as Gref's bank is set to be privatized but the sale of a 7.6 percent stake has been delayed multiple times. Shuvalov vetoed a sale due to poor market conditions, which have worsened, decreasing the stake's value to $4.3 billion. The English-speaking lawyer is viewed as a key figure who can mediate disputes between market liberals and those with a security services background, like Putin. "Shuvalov has supported privatization in the past," noted Peter Westin, chief economist at Moscow brokerage Aton. The decision to proceed and the pace at which it occurs will be determined by the price of oil. | 2 |
The noise of power tools fills the air as a group of workers hurries to ensure that Europe's largest city-centre shopping mall opens on schedule. However, marketing executives believe that the global financial crisis has caused consumers to move away from conspicuous consumption. Despite the $3 billion Westfield centre in West London having a focus on luxury, Managing Director Michael Gutman emphasizes that there is also a mass-market offering available. Other retailers are reportedly shifting away from using the term "luxury" in their marketing materials, opting instead for language that portrays shopping as a leisure activity to be enjoyed with loved ones. With the restrictions on obtaining credit, increasing mortgage expenses, and rising unemployment rates in the United States, Europe, and Japan, simply relying on clever advertising may not be sufficient to convince those who are still able to afford it to part with their money. According to Rory Sutherland, vice-chairman at advertising agency Ogilvy, in tough times, spending on luxury items or conspicuous consumption may become distasteful or unpopular. Sutherland predicts a shift towards a more minimalistic lifestyle, similar to the modest approach favored by Lutherans and Swedes. Even those who can still afford luxury items, such as Bentley-driving broker Scott David in London's financial district, are now hesitating before making conspicuous purchases, such as showing up to a meeting in a brand-new Porsche. "It would be considered in poor taste," he stated. "You don't want to appear as though you are flaunting your wealth in front of others." Sales of luxury goods are projected to decrease globally by 1 percent in the fourth quarter and could potentially drop by as much as 7 percent next year, according to a recent study by Bain and Co. In the U.S., Porsche car sales saw a 58 percent decrease in September compared to September 2007, while overall car sales dropped by 22 percent, as reported by Autodata. Andy Lear, head of planning at the London office of French advertising agency Publicis, noted that the financial crisis was only speeding up a trend that was already in place. He mentioned that people were searching for deeper meaning instead of just focusing on money and buying flashy items. Some individuals in the financial services sector, who had previously lived a luxurious lifestyle, are now beginning to reevaluate their constant pursuit of material wealth. An investment banker named Patrick, who preferred not to disclose his last name, stated that his work schedule had shifted in the past few months. He noted that he was leaving the office earlier and arriving later, and even took his son to school one day, something he had never done before. Patrick also mentioned that some of his colleagues were making similar changes in their routines. Patrick explained that one reason for his decision to shift his priorities was the tough financial situation at his workplace which meant smaller bonuses this year, as well as a decrease in motivation to work long hours. He mentioned that the atmosphere had changed and he now has different priorities, including giving back to society by working with a charity that offers debt counselling. Henrietta Creighton, managing director at Lifestyle Boutique, noted that while business had slowed compared to last year, clients were still spending on family celebrations. According to Brian Goldner, CEO of Hasbro, family board games like Scrabble, Trivial Pursuit, and Monopoly were expected to be popular Christmas gifts due to families opting for more affordable activities instead of expensive holidays. Lord Richard Harries, a member of Britain's upper house of parliament and former Anglican bishop, suggested that the credit crisis could lead people in secular societies like Britain to turn towards religion. Nick Wills-Johnson, a research fellow at Curtain University Business School, noted that during economic downturns, there tends to be a greater emphasis on family, altruism, and spirituality. The materialistic culture of the 1980s was followed by a period of global recession and what was termed the "Caring '90s", characterized by a focus on kindness and gentleness. David Fowler, from Cambridge University and author of "Youth Culture in Modern Britain, 1920-1970," mentioned that downturns also contribute to the rise of anti-materialist movements, particularly among the youth. According to him, these movements thrive during times of austerity as a recession reveals the shallowness of consumer-driven culture. | 2 |
Many individuals have faced challenges such as illness, economic instability, climate change, loss, and racial disparities. In addition to these, factors like inflation, supply chain disruptions, and the consequences of Russia's conflict with Ukraine are causing stress for people in the United States. According to a recent survey by the American Psychological Association, experts suggest that the beginning of spring can be a good opportunity to assess our mental well-being and reconnect with activities that bring us happiness and purpose, giving our minds a break when possible. This season is seen as an ideal time for individuals to reflect on their current circumstances and evaluate where they stand. Paul Napper, a psychology consultant to business leaders and co-author of "The Power of Agency: The 7 Principles to Conquer Obstacles, Make Effective Decisions and Create a Life on Your Own Terms," reflected on his experiences by asking, "What have I been through?" He emphasized the importance of making decisions aligned with our values, interests, and passions to achieve personal agency. Napper highlighted the significance of examining options, even if they are not ideal, to adapt to circumstances. As we transition into a new season, here are five strategies to clear and focus the mind. Nkechi Njaka, a meditation guide in San Francisco with a background in neuroscience, emphasizes the importance of practicing mindfulness in today's stressful world. Mindfulness meditation, which helps individuals stay present and reduce stress, has been proven to be beneficial for overall well-being. When feeling overwhelmed or anxious, focusing on the present moment by noticing bodily sensations can help bring a sense of calm. The mind may often wander, but it is important to gently bring your focus back to your breathing and the present moment. Approach mindfulness practice with compassion, curiosity, openness, and forgiveness to increase the likelihood of trying it again. Utilize transitional moments throughout the day, such as waking up or changing locations, to establish a routine. Consider trying the Bullet Journal method as studies have shown that journaling can enhance well-being. A method that has become popular in recent years was created by digital designer Ryder Carroll and explained in his bestselling book, "The Bullet Journal Method: Track the Past, Order the Present, Design the Future." The Bullet Journal serves as an organizational system and also promotes mindfulness, requiring individuals to regularly assess how they are using their time and energy to determine if it is worthwhile. Carroll believes that productivity can suffer if efforts are focused on the wrong things. Initially using journaling to help manage his attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and advance his career, Carroll eventually began to evaluate how tasks made him feel. By journaling, he noticed a trend: activities that brought him a sense of purpose and satisfaction involved assisting others and performing acts of service. In order to avoid feeling overwhelmed by the constant stream of information from various sources, computer science professor Cal Newport suggests simplifying your news consumption habits. Instead of trying to keep up with every breaking news notification and social media post, choose just one or two reliable sources to read at a specific time each day. Newport, who has managed to avoid social media platforms for his entire adult life, also recommends taking a 30-day break from optional technologies to reduce information overload. He wrote about the experience of 1,600 individuals attempting the challenge he proposed in his book. Those who successfully completed the 30 days were described as enthusiastic and determined to make the most of their time. Instead of mindlessly using social media platforms like TikTok or Instagram, consider engaging in activities that bring value to your life, such as reading, spending time in nature, or listening to music. Allocate time for these activities. Get rid of unnecessary items in your living space. The pandemic and lockdown have prompted many individuals to declutter their homes, a trend known as the "great decluttering." If you haven't started decluttering yet, now is a good opportunity to do so. According to Catherine Roster, a professor at the University of New Mexico, cluttered spaces can hinder clear thinking and impact various aspects of a person's life, including emotions and productivity. If hiring a professional organizer is not an option, consider decluttering with a friend who is also organizing their space. This way, you can support each other in making decisions and staying on track. According to Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist, listening to music while sorting and organizing can help motivate you. She has noticed that many of her patients are emotionally cluttered due to information overload and lack of social or emotional fulfillment. If you have lost touch with loved ones during the pandemic, she encourages reaching out to reconnect with them for support and positivity. If it has been a long time since you last communicated with someone, it may feel uncomfortable initially to reconnect. However, Greenberg advises being honest in your approach. For instance, you could explain that you lost touch during the pandemic but now that things are settling down, you would love to see them again. Expressing how much you have missed them could potentially lead to a positive chain reaction, where the person you reach out to feels encouraged to do the same with others. According to Greenberg, everyone appreciates receiving such calls. Copyright 2022 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Critics on both the right and left have taken issue with Prime Minister Naftali Bennett's decisions. Right-wing critics believe including an Arab party in the coalition has weakened the state's ability to police Israel's Arab minority and respond to recent attacks by Arab citizens. Meanwhile, left-wing critics criticize Bennett for making minor concessions to Palestinians without pursuing peace talks or a Palestinian state, which they believe has fueled Palestinian despair and violence. Bennett faces challenges in responding to the violence due to the diverse composition of his coalition, which includes right-wingers, centrists, leftists, and an Arab Islamist party. Despite finding ways to navigate their differences, the recent attacks have highlighted the differing perspectives within the coalition. The violence serves as a reminder that the Palestinian issue remains unresolved and a potential source of conflict, despite Israelis' desire for peace. Bennett, similar to Netanyahu before him, has chosen to prioritize other issues over resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The last peace talks broke down in 2014, with the Palestinian leadership unable to present a united front and key Israeli leaders, including Bennett, opposing a Palestinian state. However, recent violence has caused some Israeli commentators to recognize the instability of the current situation, though this realization has not significantly changed opinions on the conflict. Ofer Zalzberg, director of the Middle East Program at the Herbert C Kelman Institute in Jerusalem, described the conversation surrounding the conflict as repetitive with few new arguments. He also mentioned that people tend to keep their positions based on their own perspectives rather than changing them based on events. Recent shootings in Bnei Brak, Israel, by a West Bank Palestinian that resulted in five deaths have reinforced the belief among some witnesses and survivors that there is no hope for peace with Palestinians and that a Palestinian state would only increase danger for Israelis. Despite Bennett's opposition to Palestinian sovereignty, he faced backlash for working with Ra’am and granting more work permits to Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. Calls have been made in the city for residents to not hire Palestinian laborers, with posters urging Bennett to step down. In neighboring cities, construction sites that typically employed Palestinians were closed, and contractors were urged not to hire them. Moshe Waldman, an accountant in Bnei Brak who witnessed part of the attack, expressed the need for severe punishment for the families of terrorists. He suggested destroying their homes as a means of real deterrence. Waldman emphasized that despite the world's advice to negotiate, the reality is different in this situation. We are facing significant challenges because of the animosity towards us. While some criticize Bennett for his close relationships with Arab Israelis and his willingness to make concessions to Palestinians, others believe he should be doing more. The Israeli government has taken steps such as granting work permits and legal status to West Bank Palestinians, providing financial assistance to the Palestinian Authority, and increasing communication with Palestinian leaders. However, critics argue that this approach, aimed at "shrinking the conflict," does not address the fundamental issues faced by Palestinians living under occupation. Daily raids by the Israeli army continue in areas supposedly under Palestinian control, and a two-tier justice system persists in the West Bank. And the Palestinian aspiration for statehood remains as far away as it has ever been. Mairav Zonszein, a senior analyst for the International Crisis Group in Tel Aviv, Israel, expressed the view that there is a sense of hopelessness and a lack of any political progress on the Palestinian front. Zonszein noted that Israelis have grown accustomed to maintaining the current situation without facing any consequences, but the absence of a political process has created a climate that is more conducive to violence. In the immediate future, Bennett faces the challenging task of enhancing Israeli security and addressing the concerns of his right-wing supporters, while also avoiding actions that could escalate violence or alienate the Arab lawmakers who are crucial to his coalition. In an attempt to strike this delicate balance, the Israeli army has deployed additional troops to the West Bank and the Israel-Gaza border, while the Israeli Police has focused primarily on counterterrorism efforts. Bennett's suggestion for Israeli civilians to carry licensed firearms has caused concern among many Arab citizens of Israel, according to Bashaer Fahoum-Jayoussi of the Abraham Initiatives. She believes this move could lead to the militarization of citizens and exacerbate the recent increase in hate speech against the Arab community in Israel. In an effort to ease tensions, Bennett has praised his Arab coalition partner, Mansour Abbas, and the government still permits tens of thousands of Palestinians to enter Israel daily from the West Bank and Gaza. There have been no changes to the plan allowing retirees from the West Bank to enter Jerusalem during Ramadan. Bennett's office did not provide a comment, but his ally Micah Goodman, who promoted the concept of "shrinking the conflict," stated that it is too early to assess the government's approach in the West Bank and Israel. Goodman believes that achieving the main goals of gradually liberating Palestinians in the West Bank and integrating them into Israel will take years, not months. He also noted that fear is the dominant emotion for Israelis in the conflict, while humiliation is the main emotion for Palestinians. Reducing the conflict involves diminishing fear for Israelis due to decreased terrorism and less humiliation for Palestinians because of reduced occupation. This process cannot be properly evaluated in just nine months of the current government. If the current wave of violence decreases soon, it could be seen as a positive outcome of the Bennett government's strategy. The recent condemnation of an attack by Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas was seen as a result of increased engagement with Israeli officials. If the violence decreases, it could show that cooperation with the PA is beneficial in fighting against common enemies. This could lead to more support for the PA and potentially empower them politically, although it falls short of full Palestinian statehood. However, some believe that these small steps do not lessen the occupation but rather provide cover for its entrenchment through the growth of settlements and settler violence. She stated that the occupation is still continuing and that it is deteriorating. | 2 |
The government has decided to enhance the capabilities of local governments in addressing climate change issues. This decision was made during a meeting of the climate change trust board at the environment ministry. The project will be carried out in collaboration with various ministry units and the non-governmental organization Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP), as stated by environment state minister Hasan Mamud during a briefing with journalists. Additionally, the board has given initial approval to climate change projects of 25 non-governmental organizations, with revised project costs. The NGOs will be required to complete their work according to the approved budgets through further discussions. If any of the organizations go over budget, they will be held accountable by the board, Mahmud explained. An expert organization will assess the work done by both government and non-governmental organizations approved by the board. The board also agreed to bypass certain projects and only approve those that will provide immediate benefits to the public. Food minister Abdur Razzak and trustee board chairman Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad were present at the meeting. | 2 |
In December, the state of Gujarat in western India will hold elections which will serve as a test for the ruling Congress party, which is currently experiencing its most difficult situation since coming into power in 2004. India's election authorities have also announced that voting for a new assembly in Himachal Pradesh, a northern state, will take place on Nov. 14 and Dec. 19. According to political analyst Mahesh Rangarajan, this will be the first direct confrontation between the Congress and the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since changes in the country's political atmosphere, particularly concerning the nuclear deal. The Congress, which leads India's ruling coalition, is facing a significant challenge from its leftist allies regarding a nuclear deal with the United States that is opposed by its communist partners. The leftist allies have threatened to withdraw their support for the coalition if the government proceeds with the deal. If that were to occur, the government would be left with less seats than the opposition, potentially leading to early national elections. Over 30 million voters will participate in electing 182 seats in Gujarat on Dec. 11 and Dec. 16, where Chief Minister Narendra Modi's BJP party has been victorious in the past three elections. Modi faced criticism five years ago for allegedly ignoring Hindu-Muslim riots in which human rights groups claim around 2,500, predominantly Muslims, were killed, although the official count is closer to 1,000. The riots were sparked by a train fire that resulted in the deaths of 59 Hindu pilgrims in 2002. The fire was allegedly ignited by a group of Muslims. | 2 |
Thunberg, the 16-year-old Swedish climate activist, had planned to depart from Hampton, Virginia on Wednesday morning. This time, she will be traveling with an Australian couple on their 48-foot catamaran named La Vagabonde, which they document on YouTube. The journey to Spain will take approximately three weeks, where Thunberg aims to arrive in time for the next UN climate talks. Thunberg explained over the phone from Hampton that she chose to sail to emphasize the challenges of sustainable living in today's society, and she avoids flying due to the high greenhouse gas emissions produced by aviation. Her journey from Europe to the United States was made by boat, specifically a racing yacht that left Plymouth, England and arrived in New York harbor in August. Thunberg had been traveling slowly across the US and Canada, making appearances on shows like "The Daily Show With Trevor Noah" in New York, protesting with Sioux leaders in North Dakota, biking with Arnold Schwarzenegger in California, and participating in school strikes from Iowa City to Los Angeles every Friday. She had intended to continue her slow travel south to Santiago, Chile for the next round of UN climate negotiations in December, but had to quickly change her plans due to street protests in Santiago. Chile announced that the climate talks could no longer take place there, prompting Spain to propose Madrid as the new venue. As a result, Greta Thunberg found herself in need of another ride across the ocean. She expressed her need for transportation on Twitter, stating she had traveled halfway around the world in the wrong direction. Fortunately, Riley Whitelum, an Australian sailor who has been sailing with his wife Elayna Carausu, offered to help organize her journey across the Atlantic in November. Within one week, the voyage was planned and organized. Whitelum and Carausu will be accompanied by British professional sailor Nikki Henderson on this journey. Thunberg's father, Svante, will be returning with her across the ocean, as he did on their previous trip. Also onboard will be the couple's 11-month-old son, Lenny, which means that Thunberg, who is typically the youngest person in rooms filled with influential adults, will not hold that title on this voyage. "Finally," she remarked. Thunberg's remarkable ascent can be largely attributed to her status as a child. At the age of 15, she made the decision to protest by sitting in front of the Swedish parliament with a sign that said "School Strike for the Climate." She believes her intense dedication to climate action is due to her Asperger's syndrome, a condition on the autism spectrum. Her act of civil disobedience gained attention and inspired other young environmental activists, leading to numerous school strikes around the world. Using the internet as their main tool, young people mobilized in large numbers from various locations such as Melbourne, Kampala, Bonn, and New York City. Their anger, similar to hers, represented the frustration felt by their generation at the slow response to scientific evidence. Thunberg's popularity has increased in the United States, with a new anthology of her speeches being released by Penguin Press. A remix of her impassioned speech to world leaders at the United Nations in September has been created in the death-metal genre. Additionally, a mural featuring her likeness has been painted on a building in San Francisco. Threats of violence and attacks on her medical condition have been directed at her as well. One of her most well-known encounters in America was with President Donald Trump at the United Nations, where he didn't notice her but she glared at him with icy eyes. When asked about her thoughts at that moment, Thunberg simply said, "It speaks for itself." Thunberg expressed on Tuesday her hope that La Vagabonde would safely and promptly bring her to Spain. Following that, she was excited about returning to Stockholm and embracing her two dogs. She expressed gratitude for the chance to travel but also mentioned her desire to get back to her usual routines. (c.2019 The New York Times Company) | 2 |
The themes of the three Academy Awards contenders were deliberately chosen and all three films were produced and funded by Participant Media, a company known for promoting social causes through movies. Participant Media was established in 2004 by Jeff Skoll, a former eBay President and billionaire. The company has been involved in a variety of projects, from documentaries like "An Inconvenient Truth" to historical dramas like "Lincoln", and even award-winning films like "Spotlight", which focused on journalists uncovering abuse by Catholic priests. Participant Media's Chief Executive, David Linde, explained that they are drawn to stories of ordinary individuals making a difference and becoming leaders for change in their own lives and the lives of others. According to Linde, "Roma" is a notable example. The film, in black-and-white and distributed by Netflix Inc, tells the story of Cleo, an indigenous Mexican housekeeper who shows bravery in the face of difficult situations. It is in competition for the best picture award at the Oscars with "Green Book," a movie by Participant and released by Comcast Corp's Universal Pictures, which follows a black pianist on a 1962 tour of the segregated US South. Actor Mahershala Ali was present at the 91st Oscars Nominees Luncheon in Beverly Hills, California on Feb 4, 2019. Additionally, "RBG," a documentary about US Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, is also nominated for an Oscar. Actor Mahershala Ali was present at the 91st Oscars Nominees Luncheon in Beverly Hills, California on February 4, 2019. His participation in movies is linked with activism off-screen. For the film "Roma," the company collaborated with the National Domestic Workers Alliance to advocate for labor rights and also supported the development of an app that offers benefits to house cleaners, such as paid time off. Scott Budnick, known for producing comedies like "The Hangover," has shifted his focus to promoting prison reform through impactful and commercially successful entertainment. His new venture, One Community, aims to raise $10 million for a year-long campaign leading up to the release of the biographical drama "Just Mercy" in January 2020, starring Michael B. Jordan as a lawyer working to free a wrongfully convicted man. The campaign, set to launch in the next two months, aims to bring about changes on issues like the death penalty and juvenile sentencing, according to Budnick in an interview. One Community, which is co-financing "Just Mercy" with AT&T Inc's Warner Bros., serves as a bridge between philanthropy and politics for the entertainment industry. Julie Cohen (L) and Betsy West from "RBG" were seen at a reception for Oscar-nominated documentary films before the 91st Academy Awards in Los Angeles, California on Feb 19, 2019. "We are here to serve as that aligner," he stated. Macro, a co-producer of "Just Mercy," is dedicated to creating television shows and films that showcase a diverse range of stories with people of color. Previous successful films from Macro include "Fences" and "Mudbound." Founded by former talent agent Charles King, Macro is supported by organizations such as the Ford Foundation, which has invested $5 million in the company. "Controlling which narratives are shared, by whom, and from what perspective, is a powerful tool for influencing the conversation in our country," said Cara Mertes, director of the Ford Foundation's JustFilms initiative. "This is seen as a social justice impact for us," Budnick explained. One Community, founded by Budnick, receives funding from various investors, such as Endeavor Content and Philadelphia 76ers co-owner Michael Rubin. The company operates with a "double bottom line" approach, focusing on both profits and social change. Budnick stated that executives are collaborating with social scientists to create measures for assessing success. He acknowledged that this framework may not appeal to every investor. "If an individual is seeking a 10-fold return on their investment, they could invest in companies like Twitter, Uber, or Instagram," Budnick explained. "However, this company is different. It is designed to be profitable and make a positive impact." | 2 |
Nuclear-capable missiles from Russia have been seen moving near Ukraine, indicating a potential new intervention by the Kremlin. Russia has also tested hypersonic cruise missiles that can evade US defenses and has severed ties with the NATO alliance. After a break during the summer, ransomware attacks originating from Russia have resumed, and Microsoft recently exposed a new Russian cybersurveillance operation. Since President Joe Biden's inauguration nine months ago, the US has implemented extensive sanctions against Russia, supported Ukraine's military, and warned of possible cyberattacks in retaliation. The US Embassy in Moscow has significantly reduced visa issuance. During the Group of 20 summit in Rome, world leaders including Biden and Putin did not have a chance to meet face to face due to Putin attending the event remotely. However, despite the ongoing tensions between the two countries, there have been ongoing talks and meetings between senior officials from the Biden administration and Russian officials since their summit in Geneva in June. These discussions have included topics such as arms control and cyber issues, with the White House's top adviser for cyber and emerging technologies engaging in virtual meetings with her Kremlin counterpart. Several weeks ago, the United States handed over the names and other information about hackers attacking the country, after a debate within the intelligence community. Officials are now waiting to see if this information leads to arrests, testing Putin's commitment to cracking down on cybercrime. Talks between the two countries have not produced much concrete results but have helped to prevent tensions from escalating. The US is wary of Putin's intentions but believes they can work together on issues like arms control. Russia has cooperated with the US on some issues, such as the Iran nuclear deal, but has also caused disruptions in other areas. Biden's approach has been praised in Russia for showing a willingness to engage in negotiations. Fyodor Lukyanov, a prominent Moscow foreign policy analyst who advises the Kremlin, stated that Biden recognizes the importance of a cautious approach and understands that Russia cannot be changed. The White House sees the talks as a means of preventing unforeseen geopolitical events that could impede Biden's priorities, such as competing with China and addressing domestic challenges. Meanwhile, Putin views the talks as an opportunity to demonstrate Russia's global influence and enhance his domestic image as a stabilizing force. Fiona Hill, a former top Russia expert in the National Security Council under President Trump, noted that Russians detest being ignored more than anything else. The desire to be a significant player on the global stage drives Russia to seek attention, potentially leading to risky interactions with the United States. The Biden administration faces criticism for engaging with a Putin-led Russia that challenges US interests and suppresses dissent. European officials fear Russia is using strong tactics during the energy crisis, linking approval of a new pipeline to gas deliveries. Recent social media footage showing Russian military movement near Ukraine has sparked concerns about potential action. The destructive impact of Russia's cybercampaign, highlighted by Microsoft's disclosure of ongoing infiltration attempts, is a major worry for US officials despite previous sanctions. According to Dmitri Alperovitch, chairman of research group Silverado Policy Accelerator, the recent shift in Russian tactics towards undermining America's cyberspace infrastructure, rather than just targeting individual corporations or federal entities, appears to be a lasting change. This strategic shift has allowed Russia to leverage President Biden's desire for a more stable relationship to gain concessions from Washington. For example, when a top State Department official, Victoria Nuland, attempted to visit Moscow for talks, the Russian government initially hesitated due to Nuland's reputation as a Russia hawk, but ultimately offered a deal. If the United States granted a visa to a high-ranking Russian diplomat who had been barred from entering the country since 2019, then Nuland would be allowed to visit Moscow. The Biden administration accepted this proposal. Nuland's discussions in Moscow were said to cover a wide range of topics, but there are clearly some issues that the Kremlin is reluctant to address, such as Russia's suppression of dissent and the treatment of imprisoned opposition leader Alexei Navalny. Despite Biden's expressed disapproval of these matters earlier this year, they have largely been left unaddressed in talks between the two countries. Although Biden will not meet with Putin in person at the upcoming Group of 20 summit in Rome or the climate summit in Glasgow, Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov stated in October that another meeting between the two presidents before the end of the year is "quite realistic." Foreign Minister Sergey V Lavrov mentioned that he briefly spoke with Biden in Rome, where the president emphasized his commitment to further communication. Kadri Liik, a Russia expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations in Berlin, noted that Biden has been effective in signaling to Russia. She stated that Russia seeks the privilege of a great power to bend the rules. Rules need to be in place for this to happen, and whether one likes it or not, the United States still plays a significant role in setting these rules on a global scale. Recent discussions between Russian and American officials have focused on "strategic stability," which covers traditional arms control as well as concerns about new technologies, such as artificial intelligence controlling weapons systems, potentially leading to accidental war or reducing decision time for leaders to prevent conflict. Wendy Sherman, the deputy secretary of state, has been leading discussions on these issues, which American officials view as a positive aspect of the relationship. Working groups have been established to address topics such as "novel weapons," including Russia's Poseidon autonomous nuclear torpedo. While Pentagon officials view China's nuclear modernization as their main long-term threat, Russia is seen as the immediate challenge. Gen John E Hyten, who is set to retire as the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in a few weeks, stated to reporters on Thursday that Russia remains the most significant threat due to their possession of 1,550 deployed nuclear weapons. Other notable interactions with Russia include John Kerry's visit to Moscow in July and Robert Malley's talks in September. Additionally, Alexei Overchuk, a Russian deputy prime minister, had positive discussions with Sherman and Jake Sullivan, Biden’s national security adviser, which Overchuk described as "very good and honest" in comments to Russian news media. Putin, with his extensive experience in power, appreciates these displays of respect in diplomatic relations. Analysts observed that he recently made his own statement: When questioned by an Iranian attendee at a conference in October about whether Biden's pullout from Afghanistan signaled the weakening of US power, Putin responded by commending Biden's choice and dismissing the idea that the disorderly withdrawal would have a lasting impact on America's reputation. Putin stated, "Time will go by, and things will settle down, without causing any significant shifts. The appeal of a country is not determined by this, but by its economic and military strength." (Source: The New York Times) | 2 |
The high expenses of hotels, restrictions on travel due to COVID-19, and quarantine regulations have caused worry among activists from developing nations like Dickson that they may not be able to make their voices heard at the COP26 conference in Glasgow from Oct 31-Nov 12. Reuters interviewed activists from countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Uganda. While some were able to secure funding, visas, and vaccines to attend the summit, others had to give up. Dickson remains determined to attend COP26, where he plans to share his story of trying to study in extreme heat and emphasize the importance of developed countries listening to the personal experiences of those most impacted by climate change. The 28-year-old representing Nigeria's Eco Clean Active NGO is still searching for funding for his trip to the COP, which he estimates will cost over $4,000. He is concerned about the lack of representation from the African continent at the summit. The British hosts of the summit have offered some funding assistance and vaccines for delegates who need them. The COP26 spokesperson stated that they are working with partners to ensure an inclusive, accessible, and safe summit in Glasgow with COVID mitigation measures in place. Delegates have been offered fairly-priced accommodation by government-approved hotel provider MCI. The United Kingdom recently lifted quarantine requirements for 47 countries, including South Africa and India, saving delegates the cost of a 10-day hotel quarantine. In the previous month, it was announced that quarantine costs would be covered for delegates from countries that are still on the UK's COVID-19 travel "red list", which currently includes seven states such as Colombia and Venezuela. However, some potential delegates have reported difficulties accessing this assistance or feel that it is insufficient. There are also opinions that their own governments should be taking more action to ensure their attendance. Mitzi Jonelle Tan, an activist with the Philippines-based youth movement Fridays for Future, described the challenges of obtaining visas and dealing with quarantines as a nightmare. The youth movement is sending approximately 55 delegates from regions that are particularly vulnerable to climate change to COP26, but Tan mentioned that some individuals had to withdraw before the UK updated its quarantine regulations. The UK government is preparing for COP26 with an expected attendance of 25,000 people, although the list of delegates has not been released yet. Prices for the remaining hotel rooms for the 12-day conference on Booking.com start at 291 pounds per night, totaling 3,486 pounds. This high cost led Ugandan climate justice advocate Nyombi Morris, 23, to decline the UK's accreditation offer due to lack of financial support. Morris expressed his hope to address campaigners' concerns about the impact of EU biomass energy policies on forests in the future. Homestay groups have made efforts to offer more affordable accommodation, but are facing challenges in meeting the high demand. The Human Hotel network has arranged for around 600 delegates to stay in local Glasgow homes, but there are thousands more who want to attend COP26 but cannot afford the expensive hotel prices in Scotland, according to Michael Yule, the network's community manager. Some individuals are choosing to skip the event due to health risks and travel complications caused by the pandemic, such as Li Shuo, a senior climate adviser at Greenpeace China in Beijing, who has attended every COP since 2010 but will be missing this one. "I believe that the reduced presence of smaller NGOs at the conference will serve as a reminder that there are voices that are not being heard. Government delegations that do not have direct travel routes to Glasgow are also facing logistical challenges. For example, the Cook Islands in the South Pacific will not be sending a delegation, and other small island nations are having difficulty resolving visa issues. Climate activist Nobert Nyandire from Nairobi, Kenya recently received a COVID-19 vaccine through the UK government program. He will be attending COP26 to participate in the technical UN negotiations for Kenya's non-profit organization Sustainable Environmental Development Watch. However, he mentioned that some of his colleagues are still waiting for vaccines or have been discouraged by the cost." Nyandire expressed uncertainty about the decisions that will be made if the individuals affected and those who should be participating in the negotiations do not attend. | 2 |
It was cautioned by the Socialist government that the European football tournament beginning in France on Jun 10 could face interruption if the government did not compromise. Demonstrators filled the streets as workers heeded the union's call to halt work at various facilities and set up roadblocks and fires at ports and distribution centers. Prime Minister Manuel Valls stated that the government would not retract the law and would dismantle refinery blockades, although some adjustments to the reforms could be made. The CFDT trade union supported Valls' stance. The protests on Thursday, following months of demonstrations against labor reforms, were seen as a test of the strength of the CGT-led opposition. Scores of participants from the youth protest movement Nuit Debout, also known as Night Rising, joined the street marches. Police were present to prevent any fringe violence, as previous rallies had resulted in injuries to 350 police officers and protesters, along with over 1,300 arrests. When asked if the CGT union was willing to disrupt the Euro 2016 football contest, Philippe Martinez responded by saying the government could stop the clock to resolve the situation. Jean-Claude Mailly, leader of the FO union, expressed discontent at the beginning of a Paris march, stating that it was time for the prime minister to take back the red card. Despite calls to scrap the controversial part of the law that sparked the protests, Prime Minister Valls remained firm in his stance, rejecting any changes to the legislation. The SNCF national train company reported that a majority of national, regional, and local rail services were operational, indicating that the railworkers' strikes were having less of an impact compared to the previous week. Following police actions to remove blockades at refineries and fuel distribution centers, Prime Minister Valls stated that 20-30 percent of fuel stations were either out of fuel or facing shortages. Transportation Minister Alain Vidalies expressed that the situation had improved, with fuel deliveries from depots to stations on the rise. The number of fuel stations experiencing shortages in the Loire-Atlantique region of western France decreased from 140 on Wednesday to 83 on Thursday, according to local government officials. The French nuclear power capacity has been reduced by up to five gigawatts because of stoppages, which is approximately six percent of the total production capacity of the country. Despite power industry experts believing that the strike at the nuclear plants will not lead to major blackouts due to legal restrictions on strike actions and imports of power from other countries, it typically increases operating costs for the EDF power utility. Additionally, there was a strike by dockers at the southern port of Marseille, causing the number of ships waiting at sea to offload oil, gas, and chemicals to increase to 21 from the usual five, as reported by the port authority. In 2010, a protest over pension reform ended when police dispersed pickets at supply depots and railworkers faced interruptions that affected their salaries. Total SA, an oil company, reported that most of its fuel distribution depots are operational except for one. However, it cautioned that two out of its five refineries in France are currently not operating, with two more expected to stop in the near future. The CGT union is facing a more isolated struggle this time around. Laurent Berger, leader of the CFDT union and supporter of the proposed labor reform, expressed concerns about the tense political and industrial atmosphere, calling for a more peaceful approach. | 2 |
Despite increasing opposition to Germany's austerity policies in Europe, German officials are not planning to change their approach to the debt crisis. Chancellor Angela Merkel dismissed the idea that Europe was on the verge of a major policy shift after recent election results in Greece and France. While many interpreted these results as a move towards more spending-focused policies, Merkel's allies indicated that they expected French President Francois Hollande to make concessions rather than Germany. They believe that Hollande's campaign promises could be risky for the eurozone as a whole. Volker Kauder, parliamentary leader of Merkel's conservatives and a close ally, stated that the German government's stance is clear and they will continue to focus on saving. Following a disappointing state election for her Christian Democrats (CDU), Merkel is aware that in order to secure a third term next year, she must listen to German voters who do not want their money being given to foreigners. Kauder emphasized that Germans should not have to bear the financial burden of a Socialist victory in France through increased guarantees and funds. Germany does not intend to provide financial support for the promises made by the French government during their election campaign. These promises, which include balancing the budget, hiring new teachers, implementing a 75% tax on high incomes, raising the minimum wage, and advocating for joint euro zone bonds and a more active role for the European Central Bank, are seen as costly and go against Germany's beliefs. Andreas Schockenhoff, a prominent CDU lawmaker, predicts that Hollande will soon commit to policies that promote stability. Repeatedly questioned at a press conference about whether the French and Greek votes could impact the policy debate in Europe, Merkel's spokesman Steffen Seibert emphasized that the way forward was growth through structural reform - such as changes to tax and labor rules to enhance trade - rather than stimulus plans funded by debt. Merkel herself stated that, while tactics could be discussed, the overall strategy agreed upon by EU leaders in a compact on fiscal consolidation was non-negotiable. She acknowledged that France, under its new president, would bring its own perspective to the debate, but stressed that both solid finances and growth were essential for progress. Merkel reached out to Hollande, whom she had never met, after his victory and the two had a lengthy conversation with the help of interpreters. Sources informed Reuters that the discussion between Hollande and Merkel was amicable, with Hollande expressing his desire for strong relations. Hollande is scheduled to travel to Berlin, most likely on May 16 after assuming office, for his first official trip. Merkel stated that Hollande would be warmly received. Germany has indicated its willingness to discuss a "growth pact" with the new French president, potentially giving Hollande a win in his efforts for a more equitable response to the crisis. However, it is unlikely that bold new initiatives that could significantly help struggling economies such as Greece and Spain will be implemented. CDU budget expert Norbert Barthle stated that while boosting growth is important, the focus should be on structural reforms. German officials are considering a more flexible use of EU structural funds, increasing the capital of the European Investment Bank (EIB), and allowing the issuance of "project bonds" to finance infrastructure investments. These measures would not require a large amount of new funds from Berlin, making them acceptable. However, Germany is opposed to the idea of implementing new government stimulus programs, extending the deadline for euro members to reduce their deficits, or granting the ECB additional powers to boost growth. A senior German official emphasized that there will be no relaxation of deficit targets, citing Hollande's commitment to work with Germany as evidenced by his focus on deficit reduction in his victory speech. Hollande's economic adviser, Michel Sapin, also stressed that their administration is not planning to simply spend money without accountability. Officials in Berlin and Brussels are taking a firm stance on Greece, stating that there is no room for the country to back out of or modify the terms of its multi-billion euro rescues by the European bloc and the IMF. The recent failure of the traditional Greek political parties to secure a majority, along with a rise in support for extreme parties, has led to concerns about whether Greece will uphold its commitments and speculation about the possibility of it leaving the euro zone. A senior euro zone source emphasized that Greece must adhere to the program to receive financing from member states, or else face default. The consequences of a default are uncertain, but it would likely result in further hardship for Greek citizens. At the heart of the European project, which was established to put an end to a series of wars with France and Germany at its core, Hollande can count on the support of Italy, the euro zone's third largest economy. Despite facing challenges such as a struggling business environment and budget cuts to satisfy cautious creditors, Prime Minister Mario Monti's technocratic government has backed the new French president's pro-growth strategy. Hollande's approach towards Germany, France's crucial partner, will be revealed when he announces his government later this month. Jean-Marc Ayrault, a German-speaking candidate who is familiar with the country and has made conciliatory gestures towards Berlin recently, is a strong contender for the position of prime minister. Opting for Ayrault over Martine Aubry, a more traditional Socialist known for implementing the 35-hour workweek in France, would indicate Hollande's willingness to compromise. Louis Gargour, chief investment officer of hedge fund LNG Capital, expressed his curiosity about whether Hollande will begin his presidency by challenging Merkel. He sees this as a clash between Keynesian economics and a push for growth, versus a prolonged period of austerity that voters are increasingly weary of. | 2 |
In a highly symbolic by-election, a former top civil servant known as "Hong Kong's conscience" has emerged victorious in a vote that many see as a referendum on democracy in the former British colony. Anson Chan, who previously served as deputy to the last British governor Chris Patten, secured the win, providing a boost to the city's pro-democracy political camp following a recent defeat in district council polls. Chan, 67, expressed her belief that the election results indicate a strong desire among Hong Kong citizens for universal suffrage by 2012, the next election for the city's leader. She emphasized the importance of genuine democracy in safeguarding freedoms, values, and building a fair and just society. Despite being returned to China in 1997, Hong Kong has retained significant autonomy in various aspects, though political reform remains a contentious issue. The city's constitution aims for universal suffrage as the ultimate goal of political reform, but lacks clarity on the timing and direction. The concept was not emphasized by the British until the end of colonial rule under Patten. Chan's victory margin against her main rival, Regina Ip, exceeded expectations despite polls showing a narrowing gap. Ma Ngok, associate professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, believes this demonstrates continued interest in democracy among the middle class in Hong Kong, despite economic improvements and closer ties with China. Beijing should consider this. The democratic camp's typical 60 percent support rate has decreased since 1997, prompting experts to suggest that they reconsider their focus on single issues during elections. Chan received 54 percent of the vote, leading James Sung of City University to call for a thorough review by the pan-democrats. Despite concerns about their response to changing political dynamics, Ip's strong performance highlighted the pro-Beijing camp's powerful election machinery. It also symbolized the resurgence of a politician known for attempting to pass an unpopular anti-subversion law in 2003 as security chief, which led to a massive protest and surprised leaders in Beijing. Analysts believe Ip, aged 57, is in a good position to run in the upcoming full Legislative Council elections. Currently, the chief executive is chosen by an 800-seat committee influenced by the Communist leadership in Beijing, with half of the legislature elected by the public and the rest selected by "functional constituencies" representing professions and special-interest groups. | 2 |
A survey conducted by the World Bank in 15 developing nations, such as Bangladesh, reveals that the majority of people in these countries are in favor of their governments implementing measures to combat climate change, even if it results in significant expenses. | 2 |
And things took a turn for the worse: Karachi is currently facing a major issue with swarms of flies. The insects are present in every part of the city, from neighborhoods to markets to shops, affecting everyone. They are a nuisance on the streets, entering and exiting buildings and vehicles, and settling on various surfaces, including food and people. The city has experienced both fly infestations and flooding in the past, and Dr. Seemin Jamali, executive director of one of Karachi's largest public hospitals, stated that this current fly infestation is the most severe she has ever seen. "There is a large presence of flies and mosquitoes," she stated. "It is not only impacting the everyday lives of people - they are so frightening; they are harassing individuals. It is impossible to walk without disturbance due to the abundance of flies all around."
Flies can be seen on items at a market in Karachi, Pakistan, as of August 28, 2019. The largest city in Pakistan experienced heavy rainfall, poor drainage, and a waste management issue - resulting in an infestation of bugs. Despite efforts to fumigate the city, the flies persist, leading to increasing frustrations among residents. The city's ongoing issues with garbage and drainage are receiving renewed attention and frustration, as political factions continue to use them against each other. Karachi, Pakistan, faced heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem, leading to a surge in bugs. Experts believe the infestation was caused by stagnant rainwater mixing with garbage on the streets and waste from animals slaughtered during Eid al-Adha. Noman Ahmed, a water expert, stated that the recent rainfall was not unusually heavy. Jamali stated that the heavy rains in Karachi exposed the city's ongoing issues with urban development, sewage, solid waste management, and water contamination. The city's natural drains are being used as dumping grounds for solid waste, causing significant problems. If similar weather patterns continue, Karachi could face complete dysfunction. In addition, the unsanitary conditions have led to an increase in various medical ailments and diseases including malaria, gastroenteritis, typhoid, dengue fever, the chikungunya virus, respiratory disorders, and Congo fever. Flies cover a man's hat in the Bohri Bazaar in Karachi, Pakistan on August 28, 2019, due to heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem in Pakistan's largest city. Vendors in the area are trying to keep the flies away by fanning their wares, as flies swarm in and out of shops and settle on various items such as fabric and towels. One resident acknowledged the community's role in the issue, pointing out how dumping sacrificial animals' offal onto the streets has contributed to the piles of garbage in the area. Muhammad Ismail Siddiqui, 54, a vendor who sells traditional sweets such as jalebi and gulab jamun, had taken precautions by covering them with clear plastic to protect them. Siddiqui expressed concern about the presence of flies, stating that they are not just a seasonal problem. He mentioned that in the past, the government used to organize fumigation drives early in the day to address this issue, but now there is no such support available. Siddiqui feels helpless as his business has suffered greatly due to the lack of intervention. "Anyone who arrives simply observes the presence of flies."
Flies are abundant in a meat market located in the Empress Market in Karachi, Pakistan, as depicted in a photo taken on August 28, 2019 by Mustafa Hussain for The New York Times. The city of Karachi has been plagued by heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage issue, leading to a widespread infestation of bugs. The city's politicians have been criticized for their handling of the situation, with sanitation becoming a focal point for political debate and manipulation. Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan, is currently facing challenges such as heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem which has led to an increase in bugs. The ruling party in the national government, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), is trying to strengthen its presence in Karachi to compete with the traditional provincial powerhouse, Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). A local legislator from PTI initiated a "Let's Clean Karachi" campaign, indirectly holding PPP responsible for the garbage issue. PPP senator, Saeed Ghani, argues that the campaign has worsened the situation with poorly managed cleanups. The task of truly cleaning up Karachi, where garbage is often seen piled up on roadsides and empty plots, would be a difficult and costly endeavor. The city of Karachi generates approximately 12,000 tons of waste on a daily basis. With a population of over 15 million, the city's resources and infrastructure have struggled to keep pace with rapid expansion, population growth, and changes in lifestyle. Karachi is also experiencing similar vulnerabilities to climate change as the rest of Pakistan. Recent heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem have led to an increase in flies infesting produce markets in the city. Karachi's administration is intricate and divided, with waste management and municipal services overseen by separate agencies. The city has buildings built over drains and certain areas, even upscale neighborhoods, are managed separately as cantonment areas. Recently, Karachi has been facing issues with heavy rains, poor drainage, and a garbage problem, leading to an increase in bugs in various parts of the city. Ahmed, an expert on water issues, stated that Karachi's livability is decreasing and the city is in need of a sanitation emergency to address the backlog of waste in streets and drains. This would require provincial resources and cooperation among politicians. Ismail Lalpuria, a furniture trader in the Arambagh area of Saddar, expressed frustration with the abundance of flies affecting his business. He stated that all the political parties are engaging in politics without actually doing any productive work. | 2 |
The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation has begun distributing agricultural inputs to farmers affected by Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh's coastal region. This distribution is part of the Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project, funded by the World Bank, and has reached beneficiaries in 13 southern Upazilas since starting on July 13. FAO officials, along with government representatives, are overseeing the distribution process. The FAO's representative in Bangladesh, Ad Spijkers, stated that farmers in the south require assistance with modern technologies to rebuild their livelihoods following the destruction caused by cyclones Sidr and Aila. Support for crops, fisheries, and livestock will be provided over the next four years. Spijkers reiterated that despite the challenges posed by climate change and natural disasters, increasing farm production is possible through the use of stress-tolerant seeds and modern machinery such as power tillers and irrigation pumps. He further explained the objectives of the ECRRP project, which include promoting balanced fertilizer use, expanding surface water irrigation, and providing training on modern technologies and best practices to farmers and fishers through Farmers Field Schools. Spijkers also mentioned that the FAO has assisted 1.4 million farmers affected by Sidr and Aila by providing emergency inputs for crops, fisheries, and livestock. Additionally, he disclosed that 12 southern districts will benefit from recent EU funding support in agriculture and fisheries. Spijkers emphasized the government of Bangladesh's efforts to invest in the southern delta region to achieve sustainable food security, highlighting the importance of adopting modern technologies and practices to reach this goal. He highlighted the importance of having an investment master plan that will effectively align the agriculture and water sectors in the south to achieve sustainable development and restore the region's status as the main source of food production in the country. The FAO director also promised to collaborate with the government and development partners to create this plan. | 2 |
The Climate fund has approved a Tk 1.87 billion project to finance the construction of new cyclone shelters and roads, as well as renovate old shelters in the coastal area of Bangladesh. The project was approved at the first meeting of the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund's governing council, with plans to build 50 cyclone shelters and renovate 40 old ones, as well as construct 50 km of roads in nine coastal districts. Donor countries and agencies will be approached for funding. Mahmud mentioned that Bangladesh had been guaranteed $147 million for the project. Additionally, the UK has pledged $10 million and Australia $16 million. He also stated that two other projects, the construction of a cross dam at Noakhali-Urirchar-Sandip to reclaim land from the sea and coastal forestation, were also brought up during the meeting. | 2 |
The book, which is set in the 1950s and showcases various interreligious friendships and relationships, has remained popular among readers due to its relatable family dramas and its portrayal of what it means to be a secular, independent citizen. After multiple failed attempts, the beloved novel has finally been adapted into a new six-part series directed by Mira Nair. The series premiered on BBC One in July and received praise in Britain for being the network's first prime-time drama filmed in India with an almost entirely Indian cast. In India, the response was mixed, with members of the ruling Hindu nationalist party calling for a boycott over its portrayal of interfaith romance. In the United States, where the series debuted on Acorn TV, it arrived with less fanfare but without any calls for a boycott. Nair, who grew up in India but is based in New York, jokingly refers to the show as "The Crown in Brown" due to its epic story and production. However, beyond its grandeur, the project holds personal and political significance for her. Nair expressed that she wanted to create a mirror reflecting the world of the 1950s, a time of idealism and secularism, which she felt was drifting further away. The novel "A Suitable Boy" was written as Hindu nationalist politics gained prominence in India after violent clashes in 1992. The story is set in the aftermath of the 1947 division of India by the British, which led to the creation of Pakistan. His approach was to write a dramatic comedy of manners, focusing on a mother's attempts at Indian matchmaking and turning it into a sprawling saga involving four upper-class families, star-crossed lovers, religious coexistence, and post-Partition politics. This novel became the definitive representation of India's early years. Despite failed attempts to adapt the book, Seth personally chose Andrew Davies, a successful Welsh screenwriter, for the job. Seth entrusted his sister, Aradhana Seth, to oversee the adaptation while he worked on a sequel. The BBC commissioned the series in 2017, with director Nair joining the project the following year. The adaptation of "Suitable" was not as lavishly funded as "The Crown," resulting in a condensed production with less focus on the novel's multiple characters. Instead, the TV version centers on young protagonists Lata and Maan as they navigate coming of age in India during the 1952 post-independence elections. Maniktala commented on Lata's abundant energy, noting that she is a recent university graduate who is eager to explore the world. Lata lives in a bubble where she believes everything will be great. Filming was finished in India in December, and Nair took a break from editing in London to visit her home in New York in March. However, international borders closed due to the coronavirus shortly after. In a video interview, Nair showed how she edited the show with her team across multiple screens from around the world. The music for the show was composed remotely, with a full orchestra in Budapest, Hungary, and the composers, Alex Heffes and sitarist Anoushka Shankar, in Los Angeles and London. The show received positive reviews in the mainstream press in Britain for its representation on the BBC, but South Asian critics criticized the English dialogue and accents. Some questioned why an 84-year-old Welsh writer was chosen to adapt the iconic story about the birth of modern India and a young woman's romantic awakening. As criticism grew on social media, Vikram Seth defended his choice of Davies, stating that "race should have nothing to do with it." Davies justified his selection by emphasizing the importance of finding someone experienced in adapting long books. His other TV adaptations include "Bleak House" and "Pride and Prejudice." Nair, who was raised in a secular Hindu family, expressed a need to defend his territory as a writer and claimed the right to put himself in the mind of people different from himself. She pushed to include more of the novel's political themes in the screenplay, shifting focus from the traditional marriage plot to making Lata feel like the making of India. Nair also worked to include as much spoken Hindi and Urdu in the screenplay as possible within BBC broadcasting guidelines. When asked about balancing her unapologetically brown gaze with the demands of prestigious British television, she laughed. "It was a delightful struggle, if I may say so." This is a common challenge for Nair, who is experienced in fighting for more authentic and artistic portrayals of South Asians in Western media. She has created many well-received films about India and its diaspora, often focusing on social issues rooted in everyday life. According to Amardeep Singh, an English professor at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania and author of "The Films of Mira Nair: Diaspora Vérité," Nair's latest project, "A Suitable Boy," continues her exploration of modern India, following in the footsteps of films like "Monsoon Wedding" and "Salaam Bombay!". The series was filmed in real cities, where production designers worked to capture a midcentury Indian minimalism amidst the grandeur and decay of urban life. An old mansion in Lucknow was transformed into the home of a Muslim singer and courtesan named Saeeda Bai, representing the fading aristocratic Islamic culture and literary sensibility of the era. Tabu, one of India's most celebrated actors who gained international recognition in Mira Nair's 2007 adaptation of Jhumpa Lahiri's novel "The Namesake," portrays the character of Saeeda in the film. Saeeda's poetry, singing, and beauty captivate Maan, the son of a prominent Hindu politician. Tabu mentioned that Mira Nair is very particular about how women are portrayed on screen, highlighting Saeeda Bai's ethereal and untouchable qualities. Maan, played by Khatter, emphasized the powerful theme of interfaith love in a diverse and sometimes divided country like India. He shared that these stories are relevant to him as the son of parents from different religious backgrounds. The film's completion coincided with protests erupting in cities following the passage of a law by the Hindu nationalist government that excludes Muslim migrants from obtaining Indian citizenship easily. Sadaf Jafar, who portrays Saeeda's servant, Bibbo, took part in the protests and was arrested and beaten by the police during a harsh crackdown. Despite being advised against it, Nair launched a public campaign for Jafar's release, inspired by a quote from Pakistani poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz. The optimistic multiculturalism seen in "A Suitable Boy" may appear outdated, but Maniktala, who plays Lata, found the story's themes of hope and kindness relevant. Reflecting on her own family history, Maniktala became emotional as she remembered her grandfather's experiences as a Hindu refugee during the 1947 partition. She acknowledged the significance of pain and the lessons it teaches. She expressed concern about the decreasing empathy in society and emphasized the importance of remembering our roots. | 2 |
Kim, a Korean American, was upset by the perceived racism in classical music, particularly towards Asian string players. He felt marginalized and dehumanized, describing the treatment as akin to being treated like cattle or mechanical robots. Despite his efforts to promote a more inclusive culture in the orchestra, his white colleagues in San Francisco did not share his sense of urgency. Feeling isolated and frustrated, Kim, aged 40, started to doubt his career path and eventually resigned from a committee focused on equity and inclusion within the orchestra. And following the group's return to live performances in May, he decided to take a break because he was often too upset to play. "Despite speaking loudly, I felt like no one could see me," Kim explained. "I began to lose my love for music." Artists with origins in China, Japan, South Korea, and other countries are well-represented in classical music, excelling in competitions and holding prominent positions in orchestras and music schools. Renowned performers like Chinese American cellist Yo-Yo Ma, Japanese American violinist Midori, and Chinese pianist Lang Lang are highly sought after worldwide. However, despite the success of certain Asian artists, many still experience regular racism and discrimination. In interviews with over 40 orchestra players, soloists, opera singers, composers, students, teachers, and administrators, it was found that Asian artists often face stereotypes that their music lacks emotion and is overly mechanical. They are often viewed as exotic and outsiders in a field that primarily stems from Europe. Additionally, they are accused of disrespecting cultural traditions that do not belong to them, and are frequently subjected to online harassment and racial slurs. Despite their representation in classical music, many artists of Asian descent do not feel acknowledged. Nina Shekhar, a 26-year-old Indian American composer, expressed frustration at not always being able to create the type of music she wants, as her work is often unfairly labeled as having Indian influences. She finds this invalidating. While the number of Asian soloists and orchestra musicians has increased in recent years, Black and Latino artists are still underrepresented in various areas of the music industry, such as opera, composition, conducting, arts administration, and leadership roles on cultural boards. The lack of Asian role models in these fields has made success seem difficult to attain, leading some artists, like Xian Zhang, music director of the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, to feel like they are in danger of becoming extinct in the industry. Zhang, a Chinese American conductor, is among a limited group of Asian women leading prominent ensembles. She has faced challenges in gaining respect from male musicians, particularly during guest appearances in Europe. The increase in anti-Asian hate incidents has sparked demands for greater representation of Asians in leadership roles and in the spotlight within cultural organizations. Classical music has historically been slow to change and adapt, with persistent stereotypes about Asians still prevalent. In a recent incident, renowned violinist and conductor Pinchas Zukerman faced criticism for making racist remarks about Asians during a Juilliard master class, for which he later apologized. Many successful artists in the industry have also experienced the negative impact of casual racism on their careers. Sumi Jo, a 58-year-old celebrated coloratura soprano from South Korea, shared how she had roles taken away because directors felt she did not have a white enough appearance. She emphasized the need for Asians to work much harder to succeed in the industry. Artists of Asian descent have faced stereotypes and racism dating back to the 1960s and '70s when they immigrated to the United States to pursue music. Media reports at the time perpetuated stereotypes about their nimble fingers being ideal for playing stringed instruments. Despite these challenges, Asian artists have made strides in the music industry over time. As of 2014, Asian musicians made up approximately 9% of large ensembles, as reported by the League of American Orchestras. This percentage is higher than the overall Asian population representation in the United States, which is around 6%. In prestigious orchestras like the New York Philharmonic, the proportion of Asian musicians is even greater, accounting for one-third of the orchestra. However, in Europe, the representation of Asian musicians is lower in some orchestras compared to the general population, such as in the London Symphony Orchestra where less than 4% of players have Asian roots despite Asians making up over 18% of London's population. Despite these statistics, racist stereotypes of Asian artists persist, with some conductors making derogatory comments about their appearance. Some individuals have been deemed too weak and young by audition committees to be taken seriously, while others have been told their names are too difficult to pronounce or remember. Akiko Tarumoto, the assistant concertmaster of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, shared that musicians of Asian descent in the orchestra are sometimes mistaken for each other and referred to by stereotypical terms such as "Chinese girls." Renowned soloists like Lang Lang have attempted to challenge these stereotypes by embracing a more expressive style in performance. Another Chinese pianist, Yuja Wang, has attempted to mock the stereotype of Asians being robots, with varying degrees of success. This stereotype is partially linked to misunderstandings about the Suzuki method of music education. Despite originating in Japan in the 1950s and being criticized in the West for creating uniform musicians, the Suzuki method is still widely used, even by non-Asian students. In 2019, Wang took part in a controversial concert at Carnegie Hall with a comedy duo, where crude jokes were made about her sexual attractiveness and Chinese background. Wang, who is 34 years old, shared in an interview that early in her career, she encountered stereotypes that she was skilled technically but lacked emotional depth. She expressed her discontent with being unfairly grouped and limited by these stereotypes. While Wang stated that she has not encountered blatant racism often, she has sometimes felt like an outsider in the industry, particularly when her name is mispronounced or she is not taken seriously. Other well-known soloists such as Lang, Yo-Yo Ma, Midori, and Mitsuko Uchida declined to discuss race publicly. Zubin Mehta, a highly respected conductor of Indian descent, claimed to have never experienced racism in the industry and believed that Asians were not discriminated against. He expressed sympathy for those who felt mistreated but was not aware of any significant issues. Ray Chen, a violinist from Taiwan who now lives in Australia and has a strong social media following, has encountered surprise from audience members who doubted his ability to play composers like Mendelssohn, claiming music is not in his blood. Despite the belief that discrimination in the classical music industry has decreased, Chen struggled to find opportunities in Europe earlier in his career due to his Asian heritage. He believes that people in the industry often get offended when artists do not adhere to traditional rules and cultural norms, hindering progress and innovation. Female artists of Asian descent face even more challenges, such as being stereotyped as exotic and submissive. Soyeon Kate Lee, a Korean American pianist, shared an experience where a conductor made inappropriate comments about her in front of other orchestra leaders, highlighting the additional obstacles these artists face. Xenophobic beliefs that Asians are dominating orchestra jobs or spots at conservatories are widespread. Yuka Kadota, a violinist with the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, compared Asian musicians to invasive species like carp or murder hornets. Kadota, a Japanese American, expressed feeling self-conscious and apologetic during a recent performance where four out of five players were of Asian descent. She expressed a desire for people not to think they are taking over. Despite progress in orchestras, people of Asian descent are still underrepresented in areas like conducting, composition, and opera. Conductor Mei-Ann Chen, music director of the Chicago Sinfonietta and incoming leader of Recreation - Grosses Orchester Graz in Austria, stated that she accepts rejection as part of her reality. Chen, a 48-year-old Taiwanese woman, shared that donors and presenters have backed out of meetings and performance opportunities upon discovering her Asian heritage. Despite facing discrimination, she persevered. While arts organizations have pledged to showcase a broader range of composers, artists of Asian descent feel marginalized, with only a small percentage of works by Asian composers included in American orchestras' 2021-22 season programs, according to a study by the Institute for Composer Diversity at the State University of New York at Fredonia. The lack of Asian representation in opera, a genre that has historically struggled with diversity, is especially noticeable. At the Metropolitan Opera, the largest performing arts organization in the U.S., only 6% of the principal roles for next season are filled by singers of Asian descent, despite Asians making up 14% of New York City's population. While there is a significant number of Asians in prestigious vocal programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music where 47% of students in the vocal arts department are Asian, they are not equally represented on opera stages. Nicholas Phan, a 42-year-old tenor of Chinese and Greek heritage, believes that Asians are often perceived as technically skilled but lacking in artistic depth. Phan was once advised by a teacher to use a non-Chinese surname to avoid being pigeonholed as just another Asian singer. Asians in opera are frequently cast in stereotypical roles like Cio-Cio San in "Madama Butterfly" or the princess in "Turandot," both of which have been criticized for their racist portrayals. Despite this, Chinese soprano He Hui enjoys singing Butterfly, a role she is known for. Mezzo-soprano Nina Yoshida Nelsen, who is part Japanese, has found that most of her performances in the past decade have been in stereotypical Asian roles. Nelsen recently called for an end to being typecast based on her race, and soon received three offers for non-stereotypical roles. Pushing for Change, Sou-Chun Su, a Taiwan-born violinist in the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, emphasized the importance of speaking up and not being afraid. He noted the difficulty in getting the orchestra leaders to address concerns raised by Asian players until the tragic shooting in Atlanta in March. Su expressed that it was unfortunate that it took such a tragedy to prompt action. The orchestra acknowledged the need for a more inclusive culture but recognized there is still much work to be done. Hyeyung Yoon, a former member of the Chiara String Quartet, founded Asian Musical Voices of America to provide a platform for performers of Asian descent to discuss issues of racism and identity. The alliance hosts monthly meetings on Zoom. Yoon mentioned that Asians are often left out of discussions in cultural institutions about increasing diversity in classical music because it is assumed they are already well-represented. She pointed out that the Asian experience is rarely acknowledged. Some artists, like Miran Kim, have used social media to challenge their employers. Kim, a violinist of South Korean descent at the Metropolitan Opera, recently expressed her frustration on Twitter about playing pieces with racist stereotypes, such as "Madama Butterfly." She also criticized the Met for selling a Butterfly-themed sleep mask that she felt was culturally insensitive. Kim, 31, stated in an interview that Asians are not adequately included in leadership positions. "We are not included in the discussion." Some progress has been made, as San Francisco Opera is set to welcome Eun Sun Kim, a South Korean conductor, as its music director next month, making her the first woman to hold such a position at a major American opera company. However, there are still major obstacles to overcome. David Kim, a violist at the San Francisco Symphony who is reconsidering his career, expressed his frustration with disagreements among colleagues regarding public statements on racism. He also believes the orchestra does not adequately showcase composers of color. Kim, who has been part of the ensemble since 2009, expressed feelings of loss upon realizing that his work as a classical musician no longer reflects his values. He is troubled by the industry's lack of self-awareness, entitlement, and disregard for social justice. Kim believes that change in classical music, which he describes as "racism disguised as art," will only come when it confronts its history of intolerance. Despite Asians being visible in orchestras and ensembles, Kim questions if they are truly accepted in these spaces. | 2 |
Fiji First party, led by Bainimarama, received approximately 50 percent of the votes in the recent election, while the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA) closely followed with nearly 40 percent, as reported by the Fiji Elections Office (FEO). Bainimarama, who has been Prime Minister since 2006, won 27 out of 51 seats, according to the electoral commission. Despite being in New Zealand for his brother's funeral, Bainimarama expressed his pride in being elected prime minister once again. SODELPA, which secured 21 seats, along with three other parties, called for transparency in the tally process before the results are officially announced. This election marks only the second time Fiji has held democratic elections since 2006. Mahendra Chaudhry of the Fiji Labour Party, along with representatives from SODELPA, National Federation Party, and Unity Fiji, expressed concerns about the Elections Supervisor rushing to release results, compromising procedures and legal requirements. Chaudhry emphasized the need to address these issues for the election to be credible. In response, Elections Supervisor Mohammed Saneem stated that the authorities have been transparent and providing accurate information in a timely manner. The Multinational Observer Group (MOG) supported Saneem's claims and stated that the Fijian election campaign was conducted in accordance with international standards. The MOG acknowledged concerns about the integrity of pre-poll ballots and emphasized the need to closely examine this process. They also confirmed that the legal framework of the electoral system aligns with international principles of universal suffrage and non-discrimination. Due to heavy rain disrupting the election in certain venues earlier in the week, voting in those locations was rescheduled to Saturday, Nov 17 to ensure all eligible votes were counted. | 2 |
Health authorities and the United Nations have criticized the latest measures taken by some US states to impose mandatory quarantines on health workers who have returned home from treating Ebola victims in West Africa. The top health official in Washington warned against stigmatizing doctors and nurses who travel to West Africa to combat Ebola. The United Nations condemned the new restrictions imposed by certain US states on health workers returning from Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, stating that these individuals should be supported rather than stigmatized. American soldiers returning from West Africa are also being isolated, despite showing no symptoms of infection or being exposed to the virus. Chief of Staff General Raymond Odierno ordered a 21-day monitoring period for returning soldiers to reassure their families and communities that all necessary steps are being taken to protect their health. The Army placed around twelve soldiers in isolation upon their return to their home base in Vicenza, Italy over the weekend. This group included Major General Darryl Williams, the leader of U.S. Army Africa, who supervised the military's initial efforts in response to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Williams explained to Reuters in a phone interview that they are staying in a separate area on the base, without any contact with the general population or their families. He emphasized that the US military members are not in contact with Ebola patients, but are focused on constructing treatment facilities to assist health authorities in combating the epidemic. Dr. Jeff Duchin, Washington State epidemiologist and chairman of the public health committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, stated that up to 4,000 U.S. troops may be deployed on a mission, and from a public health perspective, he does not believe isolation is appropriate. This decision goes beyond established military protocols and came as the Obama administration was discouraging precautionary quarantines imposed by some states on healthcare workers returning from Ebola-affected countries. US federal health officials have updated guidelines for returning doctors and nurses, with Dr. Thomas Frieden of the CDC calling for isolation of those at highest risk for Ebola but recommending daily monitoring for most medical workers returning from affected countries. The CDC makes decisions based on science and experience. Frieden stated that guidelines and recommendations are adapted as science and experience evolve. The new guidelines from the Obama administration are not mandatory, allowing states to implement stricter policies if desired. Australia recently implemented a ban on visas from Ebola-affected countries in West Africa in an effort to prevent the disease from spreading to the country. However, experts criticize this decision as politically motivated and shortsighted. Despite fears, medical professionals emphasize that Ebola is difficult to catch and not spread through asymptomatic people. Mandatory quarantines have been denounced by various groups as scientifically unjustified and hindering efforts to fight the disease in West Africa. UN officials stress the importance of supporting health workers returning from affected regions. | 2 |
The UK's new Disasters and Emergencies Preparedness Programme, worth £40 million, aims to provide expert training, simulation drills, and new disaster monitoring systems to vulnerable countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, Ethiopia, and Sudan. The programme will be announced by UK's International Development Secretary, Justine Greening, at the World Bank's Spring Meeting in Washington. Funding will be given to projects that enhance the quality and speed of humanitarian response. Greening stressed the need for increased investment in emergency preparedness and resilience, as the humanitarian system is under immense pressure due to various challenges. The programme will collaborate with organizations like the START network and the Communicating with Disaster-affected Communities Network to provide training in high-risk countries. Support will also be given to innovative early warning systems to improve disaster communication and coordination. Additionally, a £20 million fund will be set up for UNICEF and the World Food Programme to enhance disaster planning in 11 high-risk countries or regions. This will enable agencies to preposition relief items and respond promptly to disasters. The list of countries will consist of Afghanistan, Burma, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Chad, Madagascar, Central America, Central Asia, African Great Lakes, and the Syria region. A specific example of the effectiveness of this approach was provided by citing Bangladesh's reduction in casualties from cyclones, from 500,000 in 1972 to 3,400 in 2008. Additionally, the release mentioned that Greening will outline DFID's five key areas for improvement to help alleviate the demand for emergency assistance. These areas include greater investment in preparedness and resilience, more support for local civil society organizations, recipients driving aid, and tailored responses to meet specific needs in emergencies. Response in the 21st Century requires new and creative methods of humanitarian aid, such as utilizing mobile phones, implementing flexible shelter kits, and providing cash instead of traditional relief items to allow individuals to prioritize their urgent needs. The challenge of development lies in addressing humanitarian disasters in regions of extreme poverty, necessitating long-term planning to mitigate the impact in areas susceptible to recurring crises like food shortages. | 2 |
A member of the ANC in South Africa has filed a legal request to delay the party's upcoming conference due to internal divisions and violations of the bill of rights. The dispute between supporters of President Thabo Mbeki and his deputy Jacob Zuma has caused significant rifts within the party, which has historically been known for its unity and discipline. The member, Votani Majola, plans to seek an injunction at the Johannesburg High Court to halt the conference on the grounds that the current environment is not conducive for a successful event. The ANC Secretary-General, Kgalema Motlanthe, confirmed that the party has been served with legal documents alleging breaches of the bill of rights. The article did not provide specific information, and Motlanthe and ANC spokesperson Smuts Ngonyama were unavailable for comment on Thursday. Zuma is currently ahead of Mbeki in the competition for ANC leader, which could pave the way for him to become the president of South Africa in 2009, considering the ANC's strong influence in the country. Investors are concerned about Zuma's connections to the left, but a senior aide to Mbeki stated that there would be minimal changes to South Africa's economic policies regardless of the election outcome. The aide also downplayed concerns about potential instability if Zuma wins. | 2 |
The global competition between automakers, small battery startups, and car buyers is intensifying as the era of combustion engines fades away. The composition of batteries, once a technical matter for engineers, has now become a key topic of discussion in corporate boardrooms and even in government offices. Major companies like General Motors, Toyota, Ford Motor, and Volkswagen are investing in startups to revolutionize battery technology and keep up with the electric car revolution led by Tesla. The ability to master battery technology will be crucial for automakers to stay competitive and determine the future of the industry. The price and features of new cars will be heavily influenced by advancements in battery technology. The focus of consumers will shift towards the features of batteries in cars and trucks, much like how they once fixated on megapixels in cameras or processing speeds in computer chips. According to Hau Thai-Tang of Ford Motor, the battery in electric vehicles will become the new distinguishing factor among brands. Batteries will also play a crucial role in combating climate change by reducing reliance on oil, coal, and natural gas in the transportation and power sectors. Automakers are intensifying their efforts to improve battery technology as demand for electric cars increases, striving to make batteries more affordable and efficient. Currently, batteries account for a significant portion of the cost of electric cars, ranging from one-quarter to one-third. The majority of these batteries are produced by a small number of Asian companies, including those that supply Tesla, a leading electric car manufacturer. President Joe Biden recently urged companies to shift more of the battery manufacturing process to the United States, emphasizing the strategic significance of this move in light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Volkswagen had to temporarily close its main electric vehicle factory in Germany due to disruptions in the supply of parts from western Ukraine. Other major automakers like Stellantis are investing in startups like Factorial Energy, a small company near Boston. Factorial is working on developing a battery that charges faster, holds more energy, and is less likely to overheat than current batteries. The executives at Factorial are focused on creating a safer battery to improve people's lives. Key officials in the Biden administration have expressed their desire to assist in improving battery technologies in the United States, as they recognize that the country has not effectively capitalized on domestically created innovations. This lack of investment has allowed China to develop a significant industry in this field. The Energy Department is currently exploring options to fund companies involved in battery manufacturing, as well as those supplying essential components and minerals required for their production. There are currently 10 applications under review by the agency, requesting a total of over $15 million to support various battery-related projects. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg recently highlighted the negative impact of a lack of innovation on his hometown of South Bend, Indiana, where the once prominent Studebaker company closed its doors in the 1960s. He stated that innovation is crucial for the auto industry's past, present, and future, especially with the opportunity for America to lead the electric vehicle revolution. One significant change on the horizon is the shift towards using lithium iron phosphate batteries, which are cheaper and more durable than traditional nickel, manganese, and cobalt batteries in electric vehicles. These LFP batteries may not store as much energy per pound but are more cost-effective and have a longer lifespan. Tesla intends to introduce LFP batteries in their lower-priced electric vehicles with shorter ranges. Ford is also planning to incorporate these batteries in some of their trucks sold under the Ion Boost Pro brand for fleet owners. Ford executive Thai-Tang mentioned that these batteries would be suitable for various professions such as delivery services, plumbers, electricians, and landscapers who operate within a specific geographic area. Ford has partnered with SK Innovation of Korea to manufacture these batteries, but they aim to shift a significant portion of the manufacturing process to the United States to reduce geopolitical and logistical costs. However, the LFP battery is not seen as a comprehensive solution. Vehicles from Tesla that utilize these batteries are only able to travel approximately 270 miles on a single charge, in contrast to around 358 miles for similar models that are powered by nickel and cobalt batteries. Additionally, LFP batteries may experience a decrease in power in freezing temperatures and require a longer charging time. Ford's upcoming electric F-150 pickup truck, which has already amassed 200,000 reservations despite not being available for purchase yet, will utilize batteries with a higher nickel content produced by SK Innovation. Tesla has already produced 1 million cells for their new "4680" battery, featuring a unique honeycomb design that CEO Elon Musk claims will provide 16 percent more range in their Model Y crossovers. In 2020, he stated that something is difficult until it is found, and then it becomes easy. General Motors (GM) asserts that its Ultium battery cell requires 70% less cobalt compared to the cells in the Chevrolet Bolt electric hatchback. The company has included aluminum in its battery design. The GMC Hummer pickup, the first vehicle to feature this battery, is now being sold by GM. GM, in collaboration with South Korea's LG Chem, is constructing a $2.3 billion battery plant in Lordstown, Ohio. It is among a minimum of 13 significant battery plants currently being built in the United States. The importance of batteries in auto branding is growing, with GM promoting Ultium batteries in ads. This highlights the need for ensuring the safety and reliability of these batteries. GM had to recall the Bolt due to a battery issue that could cause fires. Numerous car manufacturers are keen to lessen their dependence on cobalt, as much of it originates from the Congo, where it is extracted by Chinese-funded firms or independent workers, including children in some cases. Markus Schäfer, a senior Mercedes executive in charge of research and development, expressed concerns about potential human rights violations, child labor, and difficult conditions faced by artisan miners. The auto industry is particularly worried about the supply of nickel from Russia. A team of 25 government scientists at Oak Ridge National Lab is working to advance innovations in electric car batteries, comparing conventional batteries with experimental cobalt-free alternatives through extensive testing. Ilias Belharouak, the head of the Oak Ridge Battery Manufacturing Center, has set a goal of reducing battery costs by up to 50%, increasing their range to over 300 miles, and decreasing charge times to 15 minutes or less. The Energy Department has allocated $200 million to fund some of this work through seven national labs. Next month, the department will host a virtual event where battery designers can present their ideas to scientists, government officials, and industry executives. US startups like Factorial Energy, Solid Power, and QuantumScape are working on revolutionizing battery construction rather than just changing the materials used. Modern batteries use a liquid solution as an electrolyte to facilitate the flow of electricity. In contrast, solid-state batteries do not contain a liquid electrolyte, making them lighter, more energy-efficient, and quicker to charge. They also have a lower risk of igniting, requiring less cooling equipment. Many prominent car manufacturers are investing in solid-state technology, with Volkswagen backing QuantumScape, a company located in San Jose, California. BMW and Ford are placing their bets on Solid Power, a company located in Louisville, Colorado. General Motors has invested in SolidEnergy Systems, which originated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is headquartered in Singapore. The timeline for when solid-state batteries will become widely available is uncertain. Stellantis aims to launch mass-market vehicles with these batteries by 2026, while executives from other companies believe the technology may not be accessible on a large scale until around 2030. The first automaker to offer solid-state batteries will have a significant competitive edge. Huang, co-founder of Factorial, mentioned that she and her business partner, Alex Yu, often work through the night to meet technical milestones. She is driven by memories of growing up near Shanghai where the air was polluted. The company's main goal is to work towards a future without fossil fuels, which is also her personal aspiration. Despite currently being located on the second floor, Factorial plans to expand globally and build factories with investments from Mercedes-Benz and Hyundai. In their laboratories, employees in white coats rigorously test prototype cells with focused expressions. Andrew Miller, the chief operating officer at Benchmark Minerals Intelligence, stated that despite the frenzied activity in the auto industry, there may be a struggle to meet the demand for new batteries due to a shortage of raw materials, especially lithium. Miller expressed uncertainty about where the necessary raw materials will come from for all the new models and plans announced by companies in the next three years. | 2 |
The purchase of a greenhouse in Exeter three years ago was expected to bring high-paying jobs and establish the community as a major player in Canada's legal pot industry. However, before any jobs were filled or marijuana seeds were planted, it became clear that Canada was already producing more marijuana than the market demanded. After sitting idle for two years, the 1-million-square-foot greenhouse was sold for a fraction of its original purchase price. The experience in Exeter reflects the broader challenges faced by Canada's legal pot industry, with analysts attributing the failure of optimistic projections to the country's tightly regulated distribution system that restricts advertising and marketing. The slow opening of stores in certain provinces, especially Ontario, is contributing to the delay. Additionally, surveys have indicated that a significant number of Canadians are not interested in trying a new habit. The mayor, George Finch, expressed disappointment while standing outside Exeter's historic Town Hall, stating, "We were excited about it. It seemed almost too good to be true, right? It's unfortunate." When Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's government legalized marijuana in 2018, the main intention was to create a fairer justice system rather than to establish a booming new industry. Despite this, investors saw potential for profit, leading to a surge in investment in companies catering to the Canadian market and beyond. This trend, known as the "green rush", resulted in the renovation of old greenhouses and the construction of new indoor growing facilities across the country. Newspapers also increased coverage of the marijuana industry, hiring journalists to report on this emerging sector. Similar to the plastics industry in the movie "The Graduate," marijuana appeared to be on track to become Canada's next big industry. The excitement around investments in marijuana mirrored the dot-com stock boom of the late 1990s, but ultimately ended in a similar crash. Despite a slight recovery due to increasing legalization in the United States, with New York recently legalizing marijuana and four states voting for legalization in November, a marijuana stock index remains down approximately 70% from its peak in 2018. Even 2 1/2 years after legalization, many marijuana producers in Canada are still experiencing significant financial losses. A significant new rival is on the horizon with Mexico recently legalizing recreational marijuana use. This could make the business environment more difficult for Canadian growers. Kyle Murray, vice dean at the University of Alberta School of Business, predicts there may be a series of industry shakeouts similar to the dot-com boom and bust. Canopy Growth, the largest producer in Canada, reported losses of CA$1.2 billion, or around $950 million, in the first nine months of its current operating year. There have been widespread layoffs in the industry, leading to large producers merging in order to increase their strength through size. Many greenhouses in various provinces have permanently closed down. Analysts believed that investing in marijuana would result in a similar surge in sales as seen in the United States after Prohibition ended, but this has not been the case in Canada. Brendan Kennedy, the CEO of Tilray, a major grower in British Columbia, expressed disappointment in the industry's slow progress. Kennedy is one of the few remaining leaders in Canada's marijuana industry, facing challenges in competing with the illicit market due to strict regulations. Despite losses and stock declines leading to many pioneers being replaced, Kennedy will continue as a director after the planned merger between Tilray and Aphria, creating a potentially massive cannabis company. In Ontario, the original plan to sell through government-owned liquor stores was canceled by a new Conservative government in 2018, leaving only online sales through a provincial website. The province's plans have changed twice since then, resulting in a uneven rollout of privately owned shops. Despite a recent increase in licensing, Ontario has only approved 575 shops, compared to Alberta's 583 shops, even though Alberta has a smaller population. Although initial expectations for marijuana profits were too high, Murray believes a successful business will eventually emerge, with the growing number of Ontario shops being a positive indicator. The fact that prices are now more competitive with street prices should also boost legal sales. Murray commented that despite the poor start, it does not indicate a bad market. He mentioned that there was an initial involvement of too much money and too many companies, but eventually, some companies will be successful in the long term and may become global leaders. One positive aspect is the growth of sales in legal stores in British Columbia, which was previously known for its illegal marijuana industry, increasing by 24% from June to October 2020. In Quebec, the government-run cannabis store operator, Société Québécoise du Cannabis, initially lost nearly CA$5 million in its first fiscal year but has since become profitable. Despite disappointment among larger growers in Canada, some are looking to foreign markets, particularly for medical marijuana, as their next opportunity. However, many analysts are doubtful, with Brent McKnight, a professor at McMaster University, suggesting that Mexico's recent steps towards creating a large legal market could threaten marijuana growing in Canada. Trade agreements may make it difficult for Canada to prevent imports from Mexico, which has lower labor costs and a warmer climate, potentially giving it a competitive edge. He mentioned that it would definitely decrease prices for local growers. With Canada's industry being forced to consolidate to stay afloat, there are concerns about the impact on smaller players as big, publicly traded companies take over. Before legalization, many of the initial sellers were nonprofit organizations serving those using cannabis for medical reasons. The current focus on corporate profits has pushed many minority individuals out of the industry, as stated by Dr. Daniel Werb, a public health researcher in Toronto. Research has shown a lack of diversity in the new legal suppliers' leadership. Sellers in Indigenous communities have also been affected by the lack of clarity in the legal system regarding cannabis sales. While they are not typically targeted in police raids, they are also operating outside of the legal framework. Ontario has started licensing shops in some Indigenous communities, but there is concern about the lack of diversity and imagination in the cannabis industry. There is a missed opportunity to think creatively about making the industry more inclusive and not solely focused on profit. | 2 |
South African President Thabo Mbeki expressed his belief that Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe will resign peacefully. He emphasized the importance of ensuring that Zimbabwe holds free and fair elections next year. Mbeki, who was appointed by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to lead mediation efforts in Zimbabwe, stated in an interview with the Financial Times on Tuesday that he is optimistic Mugabe will eventually step down. In an interview, it was mentioned that President Mugabe and the ZANU-PF leadership believe they are governing a democratic nation, evidenced by the presence of an elected opposition and their ability to run municipal governments in Harare and Bulawayo. The SADC recently appointed Mbeki as a mediator between Mugabe and the opposition MDC after a violent crackdown on political opponents. Despite suggestions that Zimbabwe's neighbors could impose change, the South African leader emphasized the need for a collaborative approach by African leaders to facilitate a resolution. Mbeki stated that his office has been in communication with both factions of the MDC and ZANU-PF to develop a framework for negotiations for the upcoming elections, in which Mugabe has already been chosen as the ZANU-PF candidate. Mbeki mentioned that the discussions will likely involve addressing MDC's requests for legal and electoral reforms, particularly regarding media and security laws that critics believe have been used by Mugabe to strengthen his hold on power in the country. Mbeki emphasized that previous interactions with the MDC have shown that they will raise concerns about issues such as media legislation and regulations on public gatherings. He also indicated that there may be a need for both parties to come together to find ways to create an environment that is conducive to free and fair elections. The main leader of the MDC, Morgan Tsvangirai, stated in Johannesburg that he would agree to participate in any election that was guaranteed to be free and fair. However, he emphasized that quick action from Mbeki was necessary to establish the right conditions. The SADC, criticized in the West for ignoring Mugabe's harsh measures, is hopeful that appointing Mbeki will result in direct negotiations between Mugabe and the MDC, despite previous failed attempts to reach a political agreement. The West accuses Mugabe, who has been in power since Zimbabwe gained independence from Britain in 1980, of ruling with an iron fist and mismanaging the economy. Mugabe argues that he is being punished for redistributing white-owned farms to landless black individuals. | 2 |
Trained in soldering, she had dreams of pursuing a career in electrical work but instead spent her time hemming saris for her husband's tailor shop in Pune, India. Two years ago, she transitioned to working in the country's growing electric vehicle (EV) sector. Her ambition, previously hindered by motherhood and safety concerns, has now flourished as she assembles circuits for EV speedometers at a factory in Pune, marking her first formal job with fixed wages. She is among a small but increasing number of women making strides in India's EV industry, driven by rising sales and government initiatives to reduce emissions. Despite challenges such as safety and quality concerns, as well as a lack of charging stations, the demand for EVs is surpassing supply, leading to more job opportunities for women in the traditionally male-dominated auto industry. "I have set hours and am financially self-sufficient," she said, working alongside other women at Kinetic Communications, a manufacturer of EV components and a subsidiary of Kinetic Group. She informed the Thomson Reuters Foundation that her soldering skills are excellent and she is hopeful for a promotion, something that she has always wanted. The factory she works at has a workforce that is predominantly women, a contrast to the norm in India where only 20% of women are part of the labor force. India has one of the lowest rates of female participation in the world, with only 47% of women employed or actively looking for a job compared to 74% of men. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened India's gender gap, with almost half of women losing their jobs in both formal and informal sectors during lockdowns and not returning to work by the end of 2020, according to research. Over the past two years, there has been a significant increase in sales of electric vehicles (EVs) in India, leading to the emergence of more factories and opportunities for women in manufacturing, design, and leadership roles. Unlike traditional internal combustion engine vehicle manufacturing, EV companies focus on electronics, assembly, software, and design, which are skill-sets more commonly found among women, according to industry analysts. Women's comparative advantage in the EV business is seen as a chance to improve their pay and status in the workplace by labor rights advocates. Startups in the EV industry are introducing new ideas and are creating a more diverse workforce compared to traditional auto firms. Ola Cabs and Piaggio have recently established all-women shop-floors in their factories in India. Kinetic Green, Hero Electric, and Ather Energy are planning to expand their operations and hire more women. Esmito Solutions and Kinetic Green, as well as Mahindra Electric, are all led by women. The federal power ministry's energy transition company is also led by a woman. Urdhwareshe, one of the few women in India's auto industry in the 1980s, believes that women have the necessary mindset to deal with the challenges of a growing business, as they prioritize safety and value for money. However, there is still a shortage of women in the industry, and those who are present are seen as influential examples. Mahindra's e2oPlus, operated by Ola, can be seen at an electric vehicle charging station in Nagpur, India on January 24, 2018. REUTERS/Aditi Shah
CHALLENGING GENDER BIAS Mahindra's e2oPlus, which is operated by Indian ride-hailing company Ola, is pictured at an electric vehicle charging station in Nagpur, India on January 24, 2018. Prabhjot Kaur, the co-founder and CEO of Esmito, a startup that manufactures batteries and battery-swapping stations for electric vehicles, recalls the need to patiently clarify her role in meetings where she was frequently the lone female participant. "I would have to explain my job multiple times in those meetings. I can still remember the expressions on the faces of those who assumed I was a secretary, only to see me confidently present my work," said the 42-year-old with a smile. Sulajja Firodia Motwani, the founder and CEO of Kinetic Green, has also faced similar situations. After completing her studies at university and returning from the United States in the mid-1990s, she joined her family's car business, where she faced skepticism from the staff. According to Motwani, 51, they believed she was a privileged daughter who would only be there temporarily. Kaur and Motwani, like many women in the electric vehicle industry, have encountered common challenges such as a lack of female facilities and not being taken seriously by colleagues. On a more positive note, numerous women leaders and workers on the shop floor shared with the Thomson Reuters Foundation that their parents, particularly their fathers, were their biggest supporters, encouraging them to pursue their goals. Raised in Rajpura, a small town in predominantly agricultural northern Punjab state, Kaur attributes her determination to her experience as the only girl in a karate class of 50 students during her teenage years. Kaur initially did not want to go, but her father convinced her to. She mentioned that her anger drove her to excel as a student, and taught her not to fear her surroundings, including large groups of men. As a child, Motwani spent time in her grandfather's office drawing on the walls, but even with a degree from Carnegie Mellon University, she had to demonstrate her value in the industry. She believes she has rightfully earned her place. Motwani expressed that she did not underestimate the opportunities provided by the platform. She returned to work shortly after giving birth, and recalls traveling to 200 districts in the company's early days to familiarize herself with the dealership network. In addition to female CEOs, there are also numerous women factory workers contributing to India's EV growth, such as Nasreen Banu, who was the first woman in her family to pursue education and employment. She, a production supervisor at Ather's battery assembly line for scooters, expressed her determination to challenge stereotypes about women's capabilities. Despite the belief that girls cannot lift a 25 kg battery, she confidently stated that she could do it. During her shift at the Ather factory in Hosur, she emphasized her love for the job and her understanding of the operations. Mahua Acharya, who leads the federal power ministry's energy transition company CESL in New Delhi, is also involved in promoting e-mobility for all in India. With a degree in environmental management from Yale and experience in green finance, renewable energy, and carbon markets, Acharya sees leading CESL as an opportunity to increase the presence of electric vehicles on Indian roads. She spends a significant amount of time brainstorming business models and creative strategies to promote the use of EVs. Government incentives and tax benefits have contributed to the growth of EV production and sales in India, with around one million EVs currently on the roads, accounting for nearly 2% of all vehicles. CESL aims to further increase these numbers by expanding charging infrastructure, facilitating access to loans, and placing bulk orders for public transport vehicles to make them more affordable. However, Acharya faces challenges such as vehicle shortages, limited battery and semiconductor supplies, safety concerns, and a lack of charging stations powered by renewable energy sources. She, as a female leader in the government's e-mobility initiative, has not experienced personal bias despite frequently being the only woman in meetings with 15 men. She believes that women bring a unique perspective to discussions, such as highlighting the importance of placing EV charging stations in safe areas rather than solely focusing on electricity and land availability. Some in the industry appreciate the perspective and insight that women bring to the table. Sohinder Singh Gill, CEO of Hero Electric and director general of the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles, acknowledges that discussions are more flexible with women compared to men. During a meeting with all male representatives from major auto brands about the future of EVs in India eight years ago, she questioned why they were only discussing cars and Tesla. She raised her voice above the noise to highlight the fact that in India, 90% of people use two- and three-wheeled vehicles or buses, while only 10% drive cars. Her persistence led the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers to establish a focus group on two and three-wheelers, which she was invited to lead. This has allowed her to play a role in shaping India's new policy for electric vehicles, focusing on green mobility for the masses. Despite safety concerns as demand for EVs surpasses supply in India, there is a sense of excitement in the industry, with CEOs of EV companies confidently predicting that the "sunrise industry" will make up 30% of all vehicle sales before India's target year of 2030. Policy experts are praising Indian states for their exceptional response to the switch to electric vehicles, which aims to reduce crude oil import costs and help India reach its emissions reduction goal by 2070. Despite the positive image of new EV users on social media, the industry is facing significant challenges such as e-scooters catching fire and a lack of charging infrastructure, causing concerns among buyers. A Delhi resident, Dolly Maurya, who bought an electric rickshaw with a state subsidy, is worried about the limited number of charging stations in the city, questioning what she would do if her battery ran out while she was out. Maurya asked about using the vehicle part-time to transport passengers while preparing for a government job entrance test. Other EV users are increasingly concerned as sales grow. Kaur from Esmito has been troubled by recent cases of e-scooters catching fire, which she finds alarming as the industry expands. She plans to expand her manufacturing operations, currently located in the basement car park of the IIT research park in Chennai. Kaur, who is also the founder of the Centre for Battery Engineering and Electric Vehicles, emphasized the need for more research and development to ensure battery safety as an alternative to fossil fuel engines. "Most companies, more than 400 in fact, import parts and then assemble them," she mentioned. "We must adjust everything to fit our environment and our specific needs." CITY SUPPORT To establish a customer base from scratch five years ago, Kinetic Green's Motwani collaborated with non-profit organizations and governments to provide subsidies for electric three-wheeler rickshaws as a new source of income for women in insurgency-affected Dantewada in eastern India and bicycle rickshaw pullers in northern Uttar Pradesh state. "We presented EVs as a way to make a living with minimal operating costs," stated Motwani, sitting beside a cabinet filled with numerous business leadership awards. "They could operate the e-rickshaw and earn 1,000 rupees ($13) a day, and we handled the maintenance," explained Motwani, who believes in the Hindi proverb: "jo dikhta hai woh bikta hai (what you see, sells)". Acharya in the federal government is advocating for state agencies that run public buses to hire more female drivers because it is a stable, well-paying job with set hours. The Delhi government has eliminated height requirements and license fees for female bus drivers and has reserved a third of e-rickshaws for women like Maurya. Delhi transport minister Kailash Gahlot stated that the initiative aims to provide women with opportunities for employment. He also mentioned that the initiative focuses on promoting the use of EVs and creating a sense of safety among public transport users. The increasing sales of EVs in India are driven by factors such as awareness about climate change, high fuel prices, and challenges in mobility due to the pandemic. Mumbai resident Rajni Arun Kumar, a 43-year-old associate director at a human resources startup, expressed her concern about fuel-consuming cars and public transport safety during the pandemic. She found an ideal solution in an orange e-scooter for her daily commute and taking her children to their hobby classes. She is now hoping to install a charging point nearby, as the closest one is 3 km (1.86 miles) away, along with heavy traffic. She stressed the importance of people taking action to help protect the environment. Companies are aware that women like Kumar play a crucial role in making household purchasing decisions. According to Hero Electric's Gill, e-scooters are preferred by more women compared to traditional scooters due to their convenience in avoiding trips to fuel stations and ease of maneuverability. In addition to being price-conscious, Indian women prioritize practical features when making purchases, according to Prerana Chaturvedi, co-founder and CEO of Evolet India, an EV startup located near Delhi in Gurgaon. Chaturvedi, a former military aviator in the Indian Air Force, stated that the scooter made by Ather has a lower seat height and clean edges to prevent scarves and saris from getting tangled. He believes that electric vehicles should be as easy to operate as cell phones. One of the workers at the Ather factory, Banu, enjoys the independence her job has given her, despite coming from a village in Bhatkal, Karnataka. Her father pushed her to join the auto industry, encouraging her to do what boys could do. She spoke with tears in her eyes about her "hero" as she worked on batteries, the essential component of an electric scooter. Banu, who holds a diploma in electrical engineering and electronics, is one of many who have taken courses at industrial training institutes before entering the workforce to develop their skills. Recruitment agency TeamLease Digital, responsible for talent acquisition for EV companies, reported a 30% increase in hiring of both men and women over the past two years, with a projected 40% growth by the end of 2022. The government anticipates that the EV sector will generate 750,000 jobs in the next five years. Munira Loliwala, business head at TeamLease Digital, estimated that more than 200,000 new job opportunities have emerged in the past six months, particularly for women. "It's similar to the early days of mobile phone manufacturing in India, where women played a crucial role in handling delicate components due to their dexterity and precision," she explained. The same need for women is seen in chip manufacturing for electric vehicles, where skills in soldering, welding, and assembly are in high demand. Women in leadership roles are serving as inspirations for others to join the industry. While the increasing job opportunities for women are welcomed, advocates for labor and gender equality are calling for stronger measures to protect labor rights and ensure equal pay in the electric vehicle sector. In other industries such as clothing manufacturing, which also relies heavily on female workers, women are often chosen for being seen as more convenient and cost-effective employees. Preeti Oza, coordinator of the non-profit Centre for Labour Research and Action, explained that women are often paid less than men for the same job, which helps keep production costs low and causes fewer issues for bosses. Women are preferred hires because they tend to prioritize rushing home after work, avoid collectively raising demands, and are hesitant to unionize. However, Banu is determined to continue working even after getting married and considers the compact Ather factory her home. She fondly remembers a moment when she confidently told her father that she could dismantle and put back together an Ather scooter she saw parked near the bus station. She said he laughed loudly and expressed concern that the owner might be offended. He was very proud of her. | 2 |
Every fall on the third Thursday of November, wine producers from the Beaujolais region release the first bottles of the year's harvest in the annual "Le Beaujolais Nouveau est arrivé" campaign that began in the 1960s. "Today is a day of rebirth, after all the crises we have endured," remarked Alain Fontaine, owner of Le Mesturet, as he offered complimentary glasses of Beaujolais outside his restaurant in Paris. Parisians enjoyed the free wine, despite Beaujolais - a light red wine that is only a few weeks or months old - struggling to shake off its reputation for being inexpensive. "It's a pleasant little wine. It may not be the finest grand cru, but it is enjoyable and reasonably priced," commented Felix, an employee at the French national library. Wine producers in France are feeling less optimistic due to a forecast of the lowest wine output in history, caused by various weather-related challenges such as spring frost, hail, and disease impacting vineyards. The farm ministry predicts a production level one quarter below the average of the past five years, with the Burgundy-Beaujolais region experiencing a nearly 50% decrease in output. Beaujolais Nouveau winemaker Julien Revillon expressed frustration over the increased manual labor required this year, resulting in a 30% loss of harvest. Despite the disappointing results, Revillon noted that people are still very attached to the Beaujolais tradition, viewing it as a chance to reconnect with others after months of isolation. During challenging times, individuals hold onto their customs. Despite war or a pandemic, people still desire to celebrate events like Christmas or the Beaujolais Nouveau. Marie-Francoise, a 90-year-old from Paris, initially did not like the new Beaujolais but later changed her opinion after trying it again. She now believes it is an excellent wine with no better alternative. The words were spoken by her. | 2 |
Hamila, a 40-year-old entrepreneur and owner of a Moroccan packaged food business in London, vividly recalls the excitement of the holiday when she was younger. She and her father would bring a whole sheep back to their apartment, where the women would gather to clean the organs and trotters in the bathtub. They had a specific order for eating the meat: organs on the first day of Eid al-Adha, head and trotters on the second day, and kebabs, tagines, or grills on the third day after the meat had rested. Eid al-Adha, also known as the Festival of Sacrifice, is one of the two major Islamic holidays and occurs during the Hajj pilgrimage. It honors the story of prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail at the request of Allah, who ultimately provided a ram instead. Traditionally, people in the Islamic world have sacrificed a lamb, goat, cow, or camel at home and divided it among the needy, friends and relatives, and their immediate family. However, home butchering of animals is now prohibited in many countries, including parts of the Arab world where a significant Muslim population resides. Meat continues to play a central role in Eid al-Adha, also known as Eid al-Lahm or Festival of Meat by many Arabs. However, as traditional celebrations wane, particularly among Arab Muslims in the diaspora, new ways of observing the holiday are emerging. Areej Bazzari, a digital marketing director at Salesforce in San Francisco, reminisces about her childhood in Saudi Arabia and Jordan, where breakfast was the highlight of Eid al-Adha. The holiday table featured a variety of offal dishes cooked in different ways, creating a sense of camaraderie among family members. Bazzari fondly recalls the days when her Palestinian family would argue over who got to sit in front of which plate of organ meat during Eid celebrations. Since moving to Sonoma County in 2000, finding fresh organ meat has been a challenge, but her father occasionally manages to track some down to continue the tradition, although not with the same abundance as they were used to in Saudi Arabia. Bazzari treasures the way her Eid al-Adha celebrations have changed over the years, drawing on childhood memories and new cultural traditions learned from friends in the US. Eid al-Adha celebrations for her now typically involve a large gathering of family and friends, adorned with Eid decorations and a variety of dishes, including unique options like fattehs, shushbarak, and manaqeesh. However, dessert is always a taste of home, with her parents bringing back traditional treats from Saudi Arabia or Jordan every year. Ka’ak and ma’amoul, classic holiday cookies in the Arab world, are always present on the dessert table, along with cookies filled with dates or nuts. However, the main dish she plans to make for the holiday is mechoui, a slow-roasted leg of lamb which is a staple in her feast, valued for both its symbolic significance and delicious taste. The side dishes will consist mostly of salads and vegetables, in keeping with the lightness of summer. Eid al-Adha is tentatively scheduled for July 20, with the date varying each year due to the Islamic lunar calendar. In the past, the holiday was celebrated during cooler weather, but now it moves through the seasons. In the last five years, the holiday has taken place during the summer, which has impacted the food selections. Hamila values the changes from the usual customs. She believes that traditions should evolve and stresses the importance of participating in celebrations and connecting with the holiday's essence. Sumaya Obaid, a chef and TV personality from the United Arab Emirates, remembers her childhood when neighbors of different backgrounds would come together to sacrifice sheep for Eid al-Adha, then clean and share the meat. "The changes in laws have led to the disappearance of the traditional practice of slaughtering animals at home, which has affected the sense of community and collaboration during Eid celebrations," she explained. Despite this, the traditional dish of Machboos el-Eid, roasted lamb with saffron-laced spices, remains a staple in Emirates' celebrations. Each family has their own unique spice blend, with women taking pride in selecting fresh spices from the market to grind and prepare at home before the holiday. "It is truly unique," Obaid remarked about her own spice blend. “I will only give it to my daughter, as it is a highly confidential family secret,” said Obaid, emphasizing the spirit of generosity behind Eid al-Adha meals. He expressed hope that one day they could share their family's machboos with their guest. The recipe for Ka'ak el Eid includes ingredients for the dough such as semolina flour, all-purpose flour, butter, vegetable oil, nigella seeds, aniseed, fennel seeds, baking powder, instant yeast, sugar, salt, and warm water. The filling consists of date paste and ground cinnamon. The dough is prepared by combining the dry ingredients with butter and oil until the mixture resembles wet sand. Wrap and let sit at room temperature overnight (or for a few hours) to allow the semolina to soften and absorb the butter and oil. The following day (or later), mix in nigella seeds, aniseed, fennel, baking powder, yeast, sugar, and salt to the semolina mixture and gently combine with your hands. Add 1/2 cup warm water and knead gently for no more than 2 minutes. The combination is likely to remain crumbly at this stage. Gradually incorporate the remaining 1/2 cup of water into the mixture in 1-tablespoon portions, and knead for approximately 1 minute after each addition, being careful not to overwork it, until you can form a clump of dough that holds together when pinched between your fingers. It may be necessary to use less water or possibly more, adding a few tablespoons at a time, depending on various factors such as humidity or the type of flour used. The goal is to achieve a dough that easily comes together and maintains its shape when rolled into a log. Cover the mixture and allow it to sit while you get the filling ready. To prepare the filling, cover a medium baking sheet with plastic wrap or parchment paper and grease it with oil. Pour some oil into a small bowl to use for greasing your hands as needed. Mix the date paste and cinnamon in a bowl, kneading lightly with greased hands until well combined. Grease your hands and divide the filling into approximately 35 portions, each resembling a golf ball in size. Roll each portion into a string slightly thinner than your finger and about 4 to 5 inches long on a flat surface. Transfer the strings to a greased baking sheet and cover with plastic wrap until ready to use. The filled strings can sit at room temperature for a couple of days without any problems. Step 6 involves preparing the cookies by heating the oven to 400 degrees and lining baking sheets with parchment paper. Take a golf ball-sized piece of dough, keeping the remaining dough covered to maintain moisture, and roll it into a 4-inch long sausage shape. Flatten the dough gently with your fingers and place a date string on top, cutting off any excess to fit the dough. Leftover pieces can be used to lengthen shorter pieces or combined to create more filling strings. Wrap the dough around the date filling and roll it on a flat surface to create a longer, thin sausage shape, approximately 8 to 9 inches in length. Bring one end slightly over the other to form a ring shape. Use a thin object, like a chopstick, to press down all the way through and create two holes where the ends meet to secure them together for baking. Put the dough and filling on the baking sheet and continue until all the dough and filling are used. Bake the cookies until they are a pale golden brown, which should take around 15 to 18 minutes. Let them cool for at least 15 minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely. Once they are completely cool, store them in an airtight container. Cookies can be stored for 2 to 3 weeks in an airtight container at room temperature, or up to 3 months in the freezer. To make date paste, you can buy it at a Middle Eastern grocery store or make it by kneading pitted Medjool dates with olive oil by hand to get a pastelike consistency. Do not use a food processor as it will make the dates sticky and difficult to remove. Sajiyeh recipe yields 2 to 4 servings and takes a total of 40 minutes to make. Ingredients include olive oil, beef, Lebanese seven-spice blend, sea salt, onion, bell peppers, and jalapeños or green bell pepper. Serve with saj bread, pita, naan, or flour tortillas. Heat olive oil in a cast-iron pan over medium heat until it is shimmering and hot, but not smoking. Add the meat strips, spice blend, and 1 teaspoon of salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, until all the liquid released by the meat evaporates and the meat begins to brown on all sides, which should take about 10 minutes. Once the meat is browned, pour in 1/2 cup of water, cover the pan, and cook until the water evaporates again and oil is visible, around 5 to 7 minutes. Repeat the same steps: Pour in another 1/2 cup of water, cover the pan, and let it cook until the water evaporates and the oil is released. Then add the onion, pepper, jalapeños, and the remaining 1/2 teaspoon of salt. Cook uncovered, stirring regularly, until the onions are browned and the meat begins to soften, which should take about 4 minutes. Add an additional 1/2 cup of water and continue cooking uncovered, stirring occasionally, until some of the water evaporates and a thick sauce coats the meat and vegetables, approximately 3 minutes. Remove from heat and serve right away with bread to soak up the meat and gravy. You can substitute the seven-spice blend with a combination of ground allspice, ground cinnamon, ground black pepper, ground cumin, and a touch of nutmeg. | 2 |
Legal experts specializing in civil rights stated on Monday that unless federal prosecutors can provide fresh evidence indicating that racial bias motivated George Zimmerman, a man of white and Hispanic descent, to shoot Trayvon Martin, an unarmed black teenager, they are unlikely to pursue charges against him. Zimmerman, a 29-year-old neighborhood watch volunteer, was acquitted of second-degree murder and manslaughter charges in the 2012 shooting death of Martin by a jury in Sanford, Florida. Defense attorneys claimed that Zimmerman shot the 17-year-old Martin in self-defense. Both state and federal courts typically require the same level of evidence for a criminal conviction: proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt by a unanimous jury or a judge if a defendant opts for a trial without a jury. The Seminole County jury's decision to find Zimmerman not guilty of second-degree murder indicates that they did not believe he acted with malice, spite, or hatred. Attorney General Eric Holder stated that the Justice Department has not yet made a decision on whether to pursue federal civil rights charges against Zimmerman. The case, similar to past incidents such as the Rodney King beating and the Sean Bell shooting, highlights the federal government's role in enforcing civil rights. Preachers, including Al Sharpton, planned to hold a news conference at the Justice Department headquarters to push for Zimmerman's prosecution, as they believe he racially profiled Martin before chasing him with a 9mm pistol. The Hate Crimes Law, passed in 2009, would likely be the law federal prosecutors would use against Zimmerman. Prosecutors must demonstrate that an individual caused physical harm to another person "because of the actual or perceived race" of the victim, a requirement that can be challenging to meet. According to William Yeomans, a former civil rights lawyer at the Justice Department, the key difficulty lies in proving the perpetrator's state of mind, as the law mandates that racial motivation was a factor in the crime. Samuel Bagenstos, who worked in the Civil Rights Division under President Obama, explained that the government typically relies on evidence such as racial slurs or a pattern of targeting a specific race to build their case. Bagenstos noted that in many cases, attackers make explicit references to the victim's race during the assault, which sets a high standard of evidence not yet seen in the case against Zimmerman. Before encountering Martin, Zimmerman mentioned to a police dispatcher that Martin "looks black" only after being asked about Martin's race. A juror from Zimmerman's state trial told CNN that she did not believe Zimmerman racially profiled Martin, and that race was not a factor in their decision. Unlike in the case of Rodney King, there is no video evidence of the encounter between Zimmerman and Martin. The Justice Department used the video of King's beating by Los Angeles police officers as evidence in their federal charges against the officers after they were acquitted on state charges. Prosecutors examined the baton strikes to King and focused on those that occurred after he had been subdued in the video. Two officers were convicted by the second jury, helping to soothe tensions in the racially charged US climate that had led to riots. Wayne Budd, who supervised the prosecution of the Los Angeles police officers as a Justice Department official, expressed doubts about proving racial bias by Zimmerman based on the evidence currently available. Terree Bowers, the US attorney in Los Angeles during the officers' second trial in 1993, noted that prosecutors were able to improve their case in the second trial. He expressed uncertainty about the Justice Department's ability to take action against Zimmerman, stating that he was unsure of what additional evidence the government could gather if they chose to move forward. Holder, the top US law enforcement official appointed by Obama, mentioned the challenge of proving racial motivation in April 2012. He emphasized the high standard required to bring federal charges in this case and stated that they were still working towards meeting that standard in regards to Martin's death. The Justice Department also mentioned the difficulties prosecutors face, specifically citing the limitations of civil rights laws. A benefit for prosecutors is the removal of a requirement in the hate-crimes law in 2009 that necessitated a connection between the crime and a federally protected activity such as voting. A Justice Department spokeswoman did not confirm on Monday if prosecutors had called a federal grand jury to review evidence on Zimmerman, which would suggest heightened prosecutorial activity. | 2 |
After the departure of a U.N. envoy who visited Myanmar in an attempt to stop the violent crackdown on protests, the junta arrested more individuals on Wednesday. Witnesses reported that at least eight truckloads of prisoners were taken from downtown Yangon, the largest city in the country. In one house near the Shwedagon Pagoda, only a 13-year-old girl remained as her parents had been apprehended. The residents were ordered onto the street in the middle of the night, with many being taken away. The crackdown continued despite some optimism about progress made by U.N. special envoy Ibrahim Gambari in persuading junta chief Than Shwe to ease his control and engage in discussions with detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Singapore, as the chair of ASEAN, expressed satisfaction with the cooperation provided by the Myanmar government to Mr. Gambari. Gambari, who met with Aung San Suu Kyi twice, was expected to return to Myanmar in early November, although it was unclear how his efforts and international pressure would influence the junta's policies. The junta is known for ignoring external pressure and rarely allowing U.N. officials to visit, so expectations for significant change are low. Georgetown University expert on Myanmar, David Steinberg, believes that the top leadership in Myanmar is so deeply entrenched in their views that they are unlikely to change. He noted that they often claim to be on the path to democracy and question what more the people want, referencing the junta's "seven-step road to democracy". The completion of the first step in September marked the end of a 14-year national convention, which critics argue will further entrench military rule and prevent Suu Kyi from holding office. The protests, the most significant challenge to the junta in two decades, initially began as small demonstrations against fuel price increases and escalated after troops used force against a group of monks. The military government claimed that the protests led by monks, which spanned five city blocks, were met with minimal force and that normalcy had returned to Yangon and other cities. They disputed reports of high casualties and brutalities as exaggerated lies, but Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer, along with other Western governments, believed the actual death toll was much higher. Despite officially acknowledging 10 deaths, Downer suggested that the reported number of 30 was likely an underestimate. The junta, feeling victorious in quelling the rebellion, removed barricades around the Shwedagon and Sule pagodas and reduced the overnight curfew by two hours. Additionally, they released 80 monks and 149 women, suspected to be nuns, who were detained in widespread raids the previous week. Five journalists from the local area, including one from Japan's Tokyo Shimbun newspaper, were recently released. However, witnesses reported a continued heavy presence of armed forces in the streets of Yangon and Mandalay. The military junta is said to be sending groups to search homes for hiding monks, a tactic that has been condemned by Western diplomats for instilling fear. Despite international outrage over the harsh response to peaceful protests, there has been no sign of the situation improving. The U.N. Human Rights Council in Geneva, which includes China as an ally of the regime, criticized the junta for its violent actions and called for the U.N. human rights envoy to be allowed to visit Myanmar for the first time in four years. He mentioned that thousands of individuals had been arrested. Pinheiro emphasized the importance of uncovering the truth about the events. The council passed a resolution condemning acts of violence including beatings, killings, and detentions. Myanmar accused powerful nations of using the hearing for political gain. | 2 |
The country, which is the world's second-most affected by the pandemic, recently decided to resume international passenger flights from countries considered high-risk for the coronavirus. This decision came after the World Health Organization declared the new variant, Omicron, to be a cause for concern. Prime Minister Modi emphasized the importance of monitoring all international arrivals, testing them according to guidelines, and focusing on countries labeled as high-risk. India has seen a decrease in new COVID-19 cases due to increased vaccinations and antibodies from previous infections, with daily cases dropping by half since September. In the past 24 hours, there were 8,318 new cases reported. The emergence of a new variant, with a spike protein that is significantly different from the existing coronavirus strains targeted by vaccines, has caused concern worldwide and led to a negative impact on financial markets. Prime Minister Modi emphasized the importance of caution and advised the public to take necessary precautions, such as wearing masks and practicing social distancing. He highlighted the need for a proactive approach in response to the new variant and instructed for intensified containment measures and active surveillance in areas with high case numbers. Additionally, he called for technical support to be provided to states experiencing a surge in cases. Modi instructed officials to speed up the administration of second doses, as reported. | 2 |
The new initiative, prompted by Germany's revelation that Chancellor Angela Merkel's phone was being monitored, may struggle to succeed beyond being seen as a mere marketing ploy. Interviews with telecom and internet experts suggest that the initiative will not be effective for Germans accessing websites hosted on servers abroad, such as Facebook or Google. Additionally, Deutsche Telekom may face challenges in convincing rival broadband groups to cooperate due to their reluctance to share network information. Furthermore, the initiative goes against the current structure of the Internet, where global traffic flows freely between networks without regard for national borders. Security researcher Dan Kaminsky warns that if more countries isolate themselves online, it could lead to the fragmentation of the Internet, jeopardizing its openness and efficiency which have been key drivers of economic growth. In countries like China and Iran, governments control internet traffic by blocking certain websites and setting up firewalls to restrict access to content. Torsten Gerpott, a business and telecoms professor at the University of Duisburg-Essen, noted that it is unprecedented for the internet traffic of a developed country to bypass the servers of another country. Deutsche Telekom, partially owned by the government, has initiated measures to provide customers with more options, including encrypting email and routing traffic through domestic servers. This move has been praised as a positive step, although some view it as a public relations strategy. The issue of government surveillance is a sensitive topic in Germany due to strict privacy laws and memories of past eavesdropping by the Stasi secret police. Chancellor Merkel has called for a "no-spying" agreement with the US, which was discussed at a European summit. However, experts believe that the rhetoric surrounding the issue may not lead to significant practical changes. Deutsche Telekom's project to keep internet traffic within Germany may face challenges due to their preference for paid agreements rather than free ones. According to Thomas Kremer, the executive responsible for data privacy and legal matters at the German operator, it is currently more cost-effective or even free for German internet traffic to pass through London or Amsterdam, where it may be vulnerable to interception by foreign spies. Kremer stated that in order to establish a national routing system, the group needs to enter into connection agreements with three additional operators. He also mentioned the possibility of a legislative solution if this does not happen. Kremer emphasized that traffic should no longer be directed through other countries when both the sender and receiver are located within the Schengen area or in Germany. Telefonica Germany has confirmed that they are in early discussions with other groups regarding national routing. A Vodafone spokesperson stated that they are currently assessing the Deutsche Telekom proposal to determine if and how it should be implemented. Despite Deutsche Telekom's claim to be a trustworthy guardian of user data, their history with privacy has been inconsistent. In 2008, an incident known as Telekomgate involved Klaus Trzeschan, a security manager at the company, being sentenced to three and a half years in prison for illegally monitoring phone calls of the firm's executives, board members, and journalists. A Deutsche Telekom representative cited this incident as the catalyst for the company's intensified focus on privacy and security measures in recent years, claiming that they are now the industry leader in earning customer trust. Data centers play a crucial role in directing online traffic, with routers and switches being programmed to determine the routes data travels. Popular online services often rely on large data centers located in strategic areas for factors such as cheap power, cool climates, and high-speed broadband networks. For example, a Munich resident chatting with a friend in Berlin on Facebook may have their data routed through one of the company's massive data centers thousands of kilometers away in places like Oregon, North Carolina, or Sweden. European users may have their profiles stored in different data centers, while various functions of the website are distributed among centers for efficiency. Similarly, emails sent between two German residents using Google's Gmail may be routed through data centers in Finland, Belgium, or Ireland. The only way to change this situation would be for Germany to mandate that websites be hosted locally, a significant step that experts believe German leaders have not yet supported. Deutsche Telekom has not stated whether they would advocate for this approach. In response to reports of U.S. spying, Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff is proposing legislation that would require internet companies like Google and Facebook to store data collected in the country. Another possibility is for European leaders to strengthen a new data-privacy law that has been in development for nearly two years. The European Parliament recently endorsed a stricter version of the law, but it still needs approval from member states. France and Germany have the potential to persuade member states to advance discussions in order to finalize the new data regulations by 2015. According to Deutsche Telekom's Kremer, the new legislation could be beneficial in ensuring that customers can freely access any internet services while also prioritizing safety. | 2 |
An opinion poll conducted on the eve of 190-nation talks in Copenhagen has shown that global concern about climate change has decreased in the past two years. According to the Nielsen/Oxford University survey, 37 percent of over 27,000 Internet users in 54 countries said they were "very concerned" about climate change, down from 41 percent in a similar poll two years ago. The decline in concern was attributed to the world economic slowdown, with the United States also showing a decrease in the number of people very concerned about climate change. President Barack Obama is aiming to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels, and is planning to attend a meeting in Copenhagen with over 100 other world leaders in an effort to negotiate a new UN deal. China, the leading emitter of greenhouse gases, saw an increase in the percentage of people who are very concerned about climate change, rising from 30% to 36%. The survey showed that Latin America and Asian-Pacific countries had the highest levels of concern, with the Philippines at the top with 78% following Typhoon Ketsana in September. Africa was not included in the poll. Eastern Europe had the lowest levels of concern regarding global warming caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels. Estonia ranked lowest with only 10 percent expressing high levels of concern. According to Jonathan Banks, Business Insights Director Europe at the Nielsen Co., worries about climate change may be increasing due to the upcoming focus on Copenhagen. Economic problems had temporarily shifted attention away from climate change, but as the recession subsides, the Copenhagen summit is expected to bring this issue back to the forefront. The survey revealed that globally, air and water pollution, followed by climate change, were the top three environmental concerns for people around the world. | 2 |
Britain expressed its strong disapproval of the increasing violence against opposition supporters in Zimbabwe following recent elections. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, called for a United Nations mission to investigate human rights violations and stated that diplomatic efforts would be heightened ahead of a UN Security Council meeting. Brown emphasized the importance of international action and urged for a thorough investigation into the violence and abuses taking place in Zimbabwe. The opposition Movement for Democratic Change has stated that the international community needs to condemn the atmosphere of fear in Zimbabwe. Despite winning the March 29 parliamentary and presidential elections, a partial recount confirmed that ZANU-PF had been pushed into second place in parliament for the first time in 28 years. However, the official results of the presidential vote have not been released yet, even though Mugabe has called for a re-run. Brown emphasized the importance of international monitors in a potential second round of voting and praised the support of the UN Secretary General, African leaders, Europe, the US, and others who are advocating for a return to democracy in Zimbabwe. "We are prepared, along with others, to assist in the reconstruction of Zimbabwe when democracy is restored. I promise that Britain will take a leading role in this endeavor." | 2 |
Since young Prince Mohammad bin Salman came into power, there have been advancements in women's rights in Saudi Arabia, such as allowing women to attend mixed public sporting events and granting them the right to drive starting this summer. These changes are seen as a step towards modernization in the traditionally conservative Muslim kingdom, although criticism remains about the continued restrictions on women. Prince Mohammed emphasized the importance of women wearing modest clothing according to Islamic law, but did not specifically mention the requirement of a black abaya or head cover. Women have the full authority to choose what appropriate and respectful clothing they want to wear. A recent event in Saudi Arabia showed women participating in a run to mark International Women's Day on March 8, 2018. While a senior cleric mentioned that women should dress modestly, he also stated that it is not necessary for them to wear the abaya. It is uncertain if these statements indicate a shift in the enforcement of women's dress code in Saudi Arabia. The country does not have a written legal code to accompany sharia texts, but authorities have traditionally enforced a strict dress code for women, requiring them to wear abayas and often cover their hair and faces. However, with the rise of the 32-year-old crown prince to power after years of elderly rulers, Saudi Arabia has experienced a cautious shift towards social freedoms. This includes an increase in women's rights, as seen in the trend of women wearing more colorful abayas and open abayas over long skirts or jeans in some regions of the country. A group of women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia celebrated International Women's Day on March 8 by going for a jog, showcasing their newfound freedom to do so despite onlookers' reactions. Activists have criticized the country's guardianship system, which still requires women to obtain permission from a male family member for activities like studying abroad and traveling. The UN has urged Saudi Arabia to put an end to discriminatory practices against women, including male guardianship, and ensure they have equal access to justice. | 2 |
The Puja commenced on Tuesday at the renowned Durgabari temple, situated in front of the 113-year-old Ujjayanta Palace, the largest in eastern India. Part of the palace still houses former princely rulers, while the rest has been transformed into northeast India's largest museum preserving the history, life, and culture of the region. Tripura is unique in that the state government, regardless of political affiliation, consistently funds this Hindu religious festival. This tradition dates back to Tripura's integration into the Indian union and has continued even during Communist rule. Following a 517-year rule by 184 kings, the princely state officially joined the Indian government on Oct 15, 1949, under a merger agreement. This agreement mandated the Tripura government to support temples previously funded by the Hindu princely rulers, a responsibility now overseen by the Debarchan Vibhag division under district magistrates. Before the five-day worship of Durga and her children begins, a procession led by the head priest seeks permission from the former royal family at the palace. Many ancient traditions are no longer observed. Debbarma stated that during the five-day festival at Durgabari, a young buffalo, several goats, and pigeons are sacrificed in front of thousands of devotees, all funded by the government. Maneka Gandhi, the chairperson of People For Animals (PFA) and current union minister of women and child development, sent a letter to district magistrates asking them to stop the cruel killing of animals during religious festivities. Previously, the district magistrate of West Tripura had to report to the former royal family about the preparations at Durgabari and submit a final report after the festival, but this practice has been discontinued. The chief priest of Durgabari temple, Dulal Bhattacharjee, explained that the final day of Dashami is when the festival reaches its peak, with the idols of Durgabari being immersed at Dashamighat with full state honors and the national song played by the police band. Historian Roy, who is known for his numerous books on the history of the royal era, described the over 200-year-old Durga Puja as unique because its prasad includes a variety of offerings such as meat, fish, eggs, and fruits. While the Durgabari temple's celebration of Durga Puja is a major attraction for various reasons, community pujas organized by clubs and families also garner a significant amount of attention. Traditional themes, current issues, and historical events are prominent features of the pandals, with decorations depicting Indian temples and historical events. Various topics such as India's mission to Mars, climate change, environmental protection, crimes against women, ancient Indian epics, and the culture of Hindu Bengalis and tribals are represented through colorful lighting in the pandals. Additionally, landmarks such as Tripura's royal palace, Kolkata's Birla Planetarium, Guwahati's Kamakhya Temple, Konarak's Sun Temple, Kashmir's snow-capped hills and Dal Lake, Bombay High, and a Buddhist temple in China are also depicted in the puja marquees. According to the Tripura Police, a total of 2,335 community and family pujas have been organized in Tripura, with 1,023 in urban areas and 1,312 in rural areas. Around 550 pujas are taking place in and around Agartala alone. | 2 |
Paris has temporarily lost its vibrancy due to the closure of restaurants and a 6 pm curfew. The city's usual lively atmosphere has been replaced with a sense of gloom as people now eat sandwiches on benches and taboos are broken. The people now opt for takeout through "le click-and-collect" instead of dining out earlier, which they see as an undesirable American influence. They sadly look at the outdated menus of closed restaurants still offering traditional dishes. The city has lost its vibrant atmosphere due to the absence of museums, tourist attractions, outdoor dining, movie theaters, and the lively street life it once had. Instead, a sense of gloom has taken over the city. In 1983, Saul Bellow wrote that the gloom in Paris is more than just the weather - it is a spiritual force that affects not only the physical surroundings but also one's character and judgment. Despite this, Bellow could still find solace in a glass of sauvignon blanc and a plate of charcuterie when feeling down due to the "Parisian grisaille." However, in the current damp Parisian winter, with the COVID-19 crisis worsening and the city's streets eerily empty, even a glimpse of sunlight feels fleeting and leaves one questioning its reality. New York does not experience drizzle or long periods of gray skies like Paris does. The adjustment has been difficult, especially for a city that seems to have lost its spirit. Alain Ducasse, a renowned chef, described the current situation in Paris as extremely sad and imprisoning. The French are struggling with the absence of social interactions they are accustomed to, such as having a drink at a cafe or exchanging kisses. Even the customary "bisou" on both cheeks as a form of greeting or farewell is no longer a part of daily life. With over 74,000 fatalities in France due to the pandemic, the restrictions put in place are widely accepted. Many major cities worldwide have suffered losses in terms of lives, jobs, and daily routines. Paris is not the only city facing hardships, as each city experiences its own unique changes. In New York, the most noticeable absence is the vibrant energy that typically characterizes the city. The void at the center of Paris is the lack of the vibrant social atmosphere that ignites people's imagination. It is the loss of refined pleasures that the French have perfected over centuries with the belief that there are endless possibilities. Life feels dull and repetitive, with limited options for entertainment. A friend recently expressed feeling trapped by saying, "We'll only have Paris." Frédéric Hocquard, who oversees tourism and nightlife in the mayor's office, mentioned that he purchased a dog so he could take walks with it after the curfew. He also shared that the number of tourists in Paris decreased by approximately 85% last year, with visits to popular attractions like the Louvre and Versailles dropping by about 90%, which he described as "catastrophic." Hotel occupancy is currently at approximately 6%, but there is a positive aspect to the situation - the number of Parisians visiting the Eiffel Tower has doubled. Hocquard mentioned that traditionally, true Parisians never ascend the Eiffel Tower, but this perception is starting to change. The increase in visitors can be attributed to the lack of alternative activities available to Parisians. Despite the overall low occupancy rates in hotels, there are other advantages to be found in this challenging situation in Paris. Traffic is moving smoothly, and markets are bustling with vendors shucking oysters, butchers carefully preparing quail, cheeses sparking discussions about ripeness, and rum baba cakes with syringes to add rum. The city's islands still face the low bridges, while 19th-century lampposts on Rue de Rivoli create a cinematic atmosphere with their soft light. (Journalists with press passes can be out after curfew). Paris when it is calm is also Paris lost in thought. Ducasse mentioned the phrase "One hundred days" and confidently stated that the city would start to come back to life. When asked about his travels, he mentioned that he had only been to Bologna in Italy to find a skilled gelato maker. After establishing a profitable chocolate business a couple of years ago, Hocquard is now looking to venture into the ice cream industry. In addition, he is considering organizing concerts and other outdoor events in parks, along the Seine, and possibly at unused airports in April and May. Despite his optimistic plans for the future, there is still the challenge of addressing the current situation. Recently, on a snowy Sunday, the narrator visited the Tuileries in search of some diversion. They have always appreciated the formal design of the garden, with its gravel paths, pruned trees, and geometric layouts. One of the attractions that was still operational was a carousel, where colorful horses, an ostrich, a car, a plane, a ship, and a couple of Cinderella carriages went round and round. My companion and I decided to ride the horses. The music playing was North African, and there were a few children present. The carousel, a small wonder, reminded me of my occasional visits to Paris starting from the 1970s. Paris will return again, perhaps not this spring, but eventually. I observed a crow picking up a French fry and flying to a bench to eat it. I looked at a wall honoring French soldiers who died during the liberation of Paris in 1944, including the youngest, Jean-Claude Touche, who was 18 years old. The pandemic has brought about circumstances resembling wartime during peacetime. Like all things, it will eventually come to an end. Humphrey Bogart's iconic line from "Casablanca" - "We'll always have Paris" - also served as a message for Ingrid Bergman to move on, be with her husband, and find solace in memories of their love in the city. It encouraged the use of imagination. Now, more than ever, Paris must be envisioned. Copyright 2021 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
If individuals demonstrate that they are in legitimate danger and meet the requirements set by the host country, then that country must accept them. This principle was established after World War II with the intention of rebuilding societies for the greater good. However, Western powers have been gradually undermining this principle in recent years, weakening their own and the world's obligations to provide assistance. Last week, the British government made a controversial decision to send foreign citizens who had applied for asylum to Rwanda instead of processing their claims, disregarding their well-being. Britain did not create the idea of confining refugees and asylum-seekers in distant facilities. European governments have been paying foreign leaders in countries such as Sudan and Libya to detain migrants for them for a long time. Australia also sends migrants to island nations, which is sometimes called its gulag archipelago. The United States began this practice in 1991 by redirecting Haitian boats to Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The increase in right-wing populist movements, the backlash in Europe against a surge of migrants in 2015, and the coronavirus pandemic have sped up this practice and others like it: walls, armed patrols, and policies that purposely make the journey more dangerous. The global refugee system is not completely dead, as European governments are still welcoming millions of Ukrainians displaced by Russia's invasion. However, Britain's recent actions suggest that this system, once seen as a universal and legally binding obligation, is now being treated as more voluntary. According to Stephanie Schwartz, a scholar of migration politics at the University of Pennsylvania, the boldness of offering housing to Ukrainians while simultaneously planning to send other migrants far away indicates a double standard that implies governments can choose when to accept refugees. This shift in attitude is already having consequences and is expected to accelerate in the coming months, particularly during a predicted increase in refugee arrivals in the summer. This shift may also lead to more backlash similar to what has been seen in Britain. The global commitment to refugees and asylum-seekers has always been more conditional and self-interested than portrayed. After World War II, Western leaders promised to resettle Europe's refugees in safe locations, but also forcibly returned 2.3 million Soviet citizens to the Soviet Union, leading to the execution or imprisonment of many. Despite this, during the Cold War, Western governments emphasized their respect for refugee rights as a way to showcase their superiority over communist governments. However, Western compliance with refugee rights remained inconsistent, often favoring refugees from communist countries or those who offered political advantages. The real change occurred when the Cold War ended in 1991, leading Western countries to lose their political motivation. The global refugee population surged in the early 1990s to 18 million, almost nine times the number when refugee rules were established in a 1951 convention. The US started diverting Haitian refugees in 1991 as a way to avoid hearing their claims, exploiting a loophole to technically comply with US law while skirting international obligations, despite the lack of deception. In 2017, there was another increase in refugees worldwide, reaching 20 million. Although this number has slightly increased since then, it is still smaller compared to the peak in 1992. The current refugee crisis is believed to be smaller than the one after World War II, which displaced millions across Europe and Asia and led to significant destruction. In the 2010s, as refugee numbers grew mostly from poorer countries, the response was different. The United States implemented similar policies for Central American and Haitian refugees, making deals with governments, especially in Mexico, to prevent refugees and other migrants from entering the country. Europe and Australia also adopted similar strategies. The outcome is the establishment of detention centers in a ring-like formation, with some known for their harsh treatment, situated just outside the wealthiest countries in the world. These centers are strategically placed along the paths of refugees or near the borders they were trying to reach, allowing governments to appear compliant. The recent proposal by Britain to transport people to a distant continent takes this concept even further, highlighting the true functioning of the new system. Some suggest that creating new international agreements or abolishing existing ones could more effectively distribute global responsibility, especially with the increasing number of climate refugees blurring the lines between economic migrants and political refugees. Despite this, world leaders have shown little interest in such ideas. The issue is that governments are reluctant to accept refugees, and simply replacing one agreement with another would not solve this problem. Europe's apparent hypocrisy in welcoming Ukrainians but not migrants from the Middle East highlights the new refugee system's unwritten norms. Governments now tend to selectively apply refugee rights based on which groups are more likely to receive political approval. This practice, seen in Britain's expulsion of asylum-seekers while apologizing for not admitting more Ukrainians, is becoming more common, despite criticism of former President Donald Trump's similar sentiments. The Biden administration recently provided protected status to 40,000 Cameroonian citizens in the US, allowing them to stay in the country during Cameroon's civil war. This decision follows a similar move last month where 30,000 Ukrainians were also granted protected status. However, there is disagreement within the administration regarding whether to keep a Trump-era rule that allows the US to reject most refugees for public health reasons. Despite plans to lift the rule on May 23, some in the administration are pushing to keep it. The pandemic has led to extreme measures like near-total border closures becoming more acceptable. As a consequence, restrictions that may have previously appeared extreme now seem more ordinary, making it easier for governments to implement them. Governments have also realized that if they do not hold each other accountable for violating international norms, there is nobody except their own citizens to prevent them. Furthermore, it is often their own citizens who advocate for these policies. Over the past decade, right-wing populist parties have gained momentum by rallying against immigration and portraying refugee regulations as an attempt to weaken traditional national identities. While some mainstream parties resisted this trend — for instance, Germany accepted 1 million refugees despite the rise of the far right in the country — others believed that limiting nonwhite immigration was essential to protect their parties, and possibly their democratic systems. The original intent of the global refugee compact was for families displaced by disaster to find a new life abroad, not to be determined by domestic politics. The British public's response to Boris Johnson's proposal may reveal whether they will accept a plan that is considered inhumane, morally reprehensible, and possibly unlawful. Ultimately, the success of the plan may depend more on what the British public is willing to tolerate rather than on laws or morality. Copyright 2022 by The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Halimi was instructed to dismiss all male teachers at girls' schools and replace them with women, as militants believed that men should not teach girls. The government complied with this directive to avoid giving the militants a reason to forcibly close the schools. Unfortunately, even Farah's schools were not exempt from this decision. Last month, two girls' schools just outside Farah city were set on fire by armed men on motorcycles on two consecutive nights. The schools suffered significant damage and the teaching materials inside were destroyed, resulting in the suspension of classes for nearly 1,700 girls. Graffiti reading "Long live the Islamic Emirate" was found on a nearby wall, indicating the involvement of the Taliban. According to police spokesman Muhibullah Muhib, four other girls' schools in the province have been targeted in recent months. These attacks have not only instilled fear in teachers, students, and their families, but have also reignited concerns about a potential resurgence of Taliban rule as peace negotiations between the militants and the United States are ongoing. Prior to 2001, the Taliban government prohibited girls' education and kept women confined to their homes. However, there has been progress since then, with over 3.6 million Afghan girls now attending school and 100,000 women enrolled in universities. Despite this, there has been a recent increase in school closures due to security concerns, including armed conflicts and threats from the Taliban. The bombings in Farah highlighted the fears of Afghan women that any future government involving the Taliban could lead to a regression in girls' education rights, despite assurances from Taliban leaders in Qatar about respecting women's rights under Islamic law. Sosan Aubi, 38, who works as a teacher at a school that was burned down recently, expressed her disappointment in the aftermath of the explosion, despite feeling optimistic about peace talks in Qatar. Nayab Khan, a village grocer, voiced his lack of trust in the Taliban's promises, especially after his sisters and daughters were affected by the attack on the schools. Zabihullah Mujahid, a Taliban spokesperson, denied any involvement in the attacks and assured that the militants would take action against those responsible. Mujahid stated that if schools were to reopen, there would be no threat from their side. However, residents in the area noted that the schools were located in Taliban-controlled areas and government officials had not been able to assess the damage. Dadullah Qani, a member of the Farah provincial council, expressed concern that the attacks indicated the government was losing control of the province, saying that the security situation was worsening daily. Provincial government officials and village elders have stated that both the government and ordinary people are unable to prevent attacks. The attacks have revealed a division among the Taliban, with some civil authorities supporting girls' education while some military commanders oppose it. The Taliban have established shadow governments in areas they control, where they collect taxes and oversee daily operations. Village elders have met with government officials to request the rebuilding of schools, but were informed that the government is unable to help and were advised to speak with local Taliban leaders. Halimi mentioned that a group of approximately 50 villagers was contemplating the idea of restarting classes in tents on a temporary basis. According to local residents, Taliban education officials had reached out to school leaders in the province to discuss the possibility of reopening schools, but requested some time to negotiate with Taliban military commanders. Mohammad Azimi, the provincial education director, stated that he had requested assistance from parents and students in reopening the schools. The Sher Ali Khan school in the village of Naw Deh, located around 8 miles from Farah city, had its windows shattered and walls damaged. Inside, burnt desks and school papers were scattered all over. A plaque at the entrance of the school displayed both Afghan and American flags, along with a message indicating that the U.S. Agency for International Development had assisted in the construction of the school in 2005. The U.S. flag on the plaque had been partially scratched out. Abdul Rahman, the school principal, reported that a group of five armed men wearing masks had tied up the night watchman, poured fuel inside the school, and set it on fire on the night of April 15. Additionally, they detonated a small explosive device in the school office. The U.S. Agency for International Development's office in Kabul stated that they were not currently funding the school, but it may have been a past project. School records, student supplies, and academic textbooks were destroyed in the attack, but Islamic religious texts were left untouched, according to Rahman. Rahman expressed concern that the girls are now fearful, and even if the school reopens, they may not return. Abdul Hamid Haidari, a 45-year-old shopkeeper, shared that his three daughters attended Sher Ali Khan school. He mentioned that his daughter Roya, 18, had plans to graduate and become a teacher, but those plans are now uncertain due to her school transcripts being lost in the fire. Haidari added that Roya and her sisters were devastated upon hearing about the attack. He expressed his determination to provide education for his children, including his daughters and four sons, and mentioned that he had made sacrifices to enroll them in schools despite the unstable security conditions. He had hoped that peace talks would improve the situation, but after their school was destroyed, he felt less optimistic. Qani, a member of the provincial council, spoke about the atmosphere of fear and distrust following the attacks on schools. He noted that the attacks may have achieved their goal, as many parents are now hesitant to send their daughters back to school, even if they reopen. Qani mentioned that school buildings are being blown up today. "Will students be attacked by them tomorrow?" - Source: New York Times News Service, 2019 | 2 |
The use of "solar direct-drive" refrigerators, which do not require fuel or batteries, has increased child vaccinations in the poorest rural provinces of the DRC by 50% in the last year, according to Gavi. This has contributed to a significant reduction in child mortality in the DRC compared to two decades ago. Over 18 million children were vaccinated last year for a deadly measles outbreak, which has slowed down recently. The world is now preparing for a larger immunisation campaign once COVID-19 vaccines become available. Distributing millions of vaccinations in Africa, a continent with weak health systems and limited electricity, will be a challenging task. It is uncertain whether current off-grid refrigerators can maintain the necessary temperature to store vaccines effectively. Refrigeration is crucial for distributing vaccines, with many requiring temperatures between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius (35-46 degrees Fahrenheit). Some COVID-19 vaccine candidates may need storage as low as minus 80C, which poses a challenge for distribution networks. Ensuring cold chain distribution for COVID-19 vaccines will require maintaining consistently low temperatures from manufacturers to remote rural areas. While advancements in refrigeration technology have saved many lives, African countries still face significant gaps in their distribution networks. Toby Peters, a professor specializing in cooling systems for food and medicine at the University of Birmingham in Britain, referred to the global logistical challenge of providing refrigeration for vaccines as one of the largest challenges ever faced. In sub-Saharan African countries with large rural populations, this challenge is even greater. William Clemmer, a doctor with IMA World Health, witnessed the difficulties faced by health centers in the DRC in the 1990s, where outdated kerosene-powered refrigerators often broke down, causing damage to vaccines. The introduction of solar direct-drive refrigerators in the past decade has revolutionized vaccine storage in remote areas, providing a reliable and cost-effective solution. These refrigerators, connected directly to solar panels, use thermal energy to keep vaccines cool for many days, regardless of weather conditions. In 2016, only 16% of rural health centers in the DRC had functioning refrigerators, but now nearly 80% are equipped with direct-drive solar units, enabling 24,000 monthly immunization sessions in the country's poorest provinces. This has led to a 50% increase in sessions from 2018 and has significantly improved vaccine delivery for children in sub-Saharan Africa. Karan Sagar, a doctor at Gavi, attributes a 25% increase in child vaccination rates in Africa over the past decade to the off-grid equipment. Since 2017, Gavi has spearheaded a $250-million initiative to distribute over 15,300 solar direct-drive fridges to three-dozen African nations, with the Democratic Republic of Congo receiving 3,400 units and Nigeria receiving 5,400 units. Last year, 87% of children in these African countries were administered the first dose of a vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, showcasing the effectiveness of supply chains in reaching even the most remote communities. Moving vaccines quickly and safely from manufacturing sites to urban and rural areas in Africa will require various steps, with solar refrigerators being just one of them. Throughout the entire process of transporting vaccines, whether by airplanes, warehouses, trucks, motorbikes, bicycles, canoes, or even drones, it is crucial to maintain specific cold temperatures, similar to other perishable goods. Additionally, a much larger quantity of vaccines will be required, as health experts estimate that the COVID-19 vaccine will need to be administered to up to 750 million people in Africa alone, compared to the 115 million infants reached by typical child vaccination campaigns worldwide annually. In anticipation of this immense task, cold chain expert Peters is spearheading a government-supported initiative to assess Africa's requirements for distributing the eventual COVID-19 vaccine, collaborating with various nonprofit, commercial, and academic partners. Their approach is influenced by the success of Rwanda, a country in central-east Africa, which has made significant advancements in establishing efficient, environmentally-friendly cold chains for food and vaccine transportation. The system is centered on a single warehouse that acts as a cooling center for vaccines distributed to various healthcare facilities in Rwanda, including those in remote rural areas equipped with solar fridges. The World Health Organization reports that the vaccines are reaching over 95% of the population. However, replicating this success in other countries, particularly larger ones like Nigeria, will be a significant challenge. It will require a model similar to established food cold chains with larger commercial capacity. Peters stated that they have the knowledge to transport large quantities of fresh food from African farms to consumers in Europe, and they aim to apply this expertise to vaccines. However, the challenge lies in the ultra-cold storage requirements that COVID-19 vaccines may have, which current solar direct-drive fridges cannot handle. Rwanda and the DRC have experience with ultra-cold storage for vaccines during the Ebola outbreak, using "super thermos" coolers with synthetic alcohol ice to keep the vaccine at minus 60-80C for up to 6.5 days. Despite this success, the amount of vaccine needed for COVID-19 would be much greater. Sagar pointed out that very few African economies have the capacity for ultra-cold chain storage. Peters is optimistic that COVID-19 vaccines will only require standard cold storage temperatures of 2-8C, which can be provided by solar direct-drive refrigerators at rural health centers. However, he acknowledged that if the vaccines need to be stored at even lower temperatures, it will present a significant new challenge. | 2 |
France had previously announced that they would restrict cross-Channel trade starting from 2300 GMT on Monday, potentially escalating a dispute over fish into a broader trade conflict between two major European economies. However, President Macron stated that the French plan was temporarily on hold as discussions had resumed following a meeting with British Prime Minister Boris Johnson at the United Nations climate conference in Glasgow. Macron mentioned that talks were ongoing based on a proposal he had made to Johnson and that the British were expected to provide additional proposals the following day. Text = Everything that needs to be addressed will be taken care of. We will assess the situation tomorrow at the end of the day to determine if there have been any significant changes," he stated. "I hope that we can find solutions to all of these problems." European Affairs Minister Clement Beaune stated on Twitter that trade sanctions would not be implemented until after a meeting with British Brexit minister David Frost in Paris on Thursday. The decision was welcomed by Britain. A UK government spokesperson stated that they appreciate France's acknowledgment of the need for thorough discussions to address the various issues in the UK/EU relationship. The spokesperson also mentioned that Frost has accepted Beaune's invitation. Earlier in the day, Britain had given France a 48-hour deadline to retract the threat of sanctions or face legal consequences under the Brexit trade agreement. The potential measures from France, such as increased border checks and banning British vessels from certain ports, could disrupt cross-Channel trade. British Foreign Secretary Liz Truss criticized France for making unreasonable threats towards the Channel Islands and the fishing industry, stating that they must withdraw these threats or face action under the trade agreement with the EU. The dispute over access to fishing areas in the Channel has been ongoing between Britain and France for many years. The fishing issue was a prominent concern during the negotiations for Britain's departure from the European Union. This was not due to its economic impact, which is minimal, but rather because of its political significance. Reclaiming control over fishing grounds was a key argument for Brexit, as presented by Johnson to British voters. Macron, on the other hand, is facing re-election next year and needs to demonstrate support for French trawler crews, a vocal political group. A recent dispute arose in September when Paris accused London of not granting enough post-Brexit licences to French boats to fish in the 6-12 nautical mile zone near UK shores. Britain argues that it is only granting licences to vessels with evidence of previous fishing in its waters, a demand from British fishermen concerned about the potential threat to their profits from French boats. French officials took control of a British scallop dredger, the Cornelis Gert Jan, in waters near Le Havre last Wednesday, causing frustration in London. On Monday, tensions were expected to increase as the French deadline approached, resulting in fishing crews from both countries avoiding each other's waters, as reported by marine traffic tracking data and a representative from the French fishing industry. | 2 |
The European Union's Nobel peace prize is being awarded at a time when it is becoming clear that the euro, the EU's most ambitious project, has survived three years of financial turmoil and is unlikely to break up. However, while the euro zone has avoided a bitter separation and the loss of some members, there is now a risk of it becoming an unequal and troubled relationship with frequent disagreements. Recent events have shown that the euro is likely to remain and may even expand in the future, but the euro zone still faces challenges such as economic stagnation, unemployment, and social unrest that are deepening the divide between northern and southern Europe and fueling anti-EU movements in various countries. The European Central Bank's decision to buy bonds of troubled member states has provided some stability to the euro zone, but the region has yet to find a way out of its economic problems. Mario Draghi, President of the ECB, emphasized the bank's commitment to utilizing all available tools to thwart any speculation on the dissolution of the monetary union. The euro zone's permanent rescue fund, established after lengthy negotiations and legal battles, now provides a 500 billion euro safety net for countries at risk of losing access to capital markets. Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, demonstrated her support for Greece remaining in the euro area by visiting Athens, effectively ending months of debate within her own coalition about potentially expelling the Greeks. Interestingly, the numerous predictions of the euro's demise from financial institutions in London and New York have suddenly ceased, leading to a decrease in short bets against the euro in currency markets. Bond yields have decreased and bank stocks have rebounded. Spanish banks are borrowing less from the ECB as some are regaining access to the money markets. The possibility of Greece leaving the euro, known as "Grexit," has diminished according to economists at Citigroup, who now believe that key euro zone players see more harm than good in Greece exiting. Citigroup has reduced the likelihood of a "Grexit" from 90 percent to 60 percent, but still predicts that Greece will likely leave the euro in the next 12-18 months, as European governments are unlikely to agree to forgive a portion of Greece's significant debt. However, there is still a chance that debt forgiveness could occur after the German general election next year. It might appear to be a more logical, although unpopular, choice compared to a chaotic Greek default and exit, which would have devastating economic and social repercussions for Greece and Europe. The International Monetary Fund recently criticized the EU's response to the crisis, warning of potential negative consequences such as capital flight, breakup fears, and economic decline. The IMF is urging the euro zone, particularly Germany, to speed up progress on a banking union and closer fiscal integration, and to adjust the balance between austerity and growth. The IMF acknowledged underestimating the negative impact of budget cuts on growth and called for Europe to relax austerity measures, sparking a disagreement with Germany's finance minister. The effects of the sovereign debt crisis will have a lasting impact on the streets, despite a noticeable shift in perceptions in financial markets. Austerity measures and economic downturn are causing societal unrest in countries such as Athens and Madrid, pushing many middle class families and retirees into poverty and increasing unemployment and insecurity for young people. This crisis has shifted power dynamics in Europe, giving Germany and its allies in the north more influence in euro zone decision-making based on their strong credit ratings, while weakening and further dependent southern states. The idea of a unified Europe moving at different speeds may be evolving into a divided Europe, with a tighter inner core in the euro zone implementing stricter rules and budget controls, and a looser outer circle including countries like Britain and Sweden. Germany is determined to protect its taxpayers from bearing the burden of other euro zone states, refusing to issue common euro bonds or provide joint bank deposit guarantees. Finance ministers from Germany, the Netherlands, and Finland are working to prevent any retroactive use of euro zone rescue funds. However, Berlin is in favor of the idea of establishing a separate budget for the euro zone to deal with economic shocks, and its support for a single banking supervisor may lead to more shared risk in the future. As the euro area becomes more unified, non-euro EU members like Poland, Hungary, and Latvia are faced with difficult decisions. Those aiming to join the monetary union are seeking closer ties with the euro zone, pushing for representation in banking supervisory bodies that make decisions regarding banks in their countries. Poland recently attempted to gain a seat at the Eurogroup table by offering to participate in a financial transaction tax initiative, but was informed that only euro zone members were allowed to attend. Britain is not planning to join the euro or the banking union, but they want a veto right to protect their financial sector. They also hope to negotiate looser ties with Europe as the euro zone integrates further. Sweden, which has a pro-euro political establishment, is uncertain about the euro zone progressing without them. This situation will challenge Europe's ability to maintain peace and prosperity on a divided continent. | 2 |
On Friday, Pope Benedict stated that communism had failed in Cuba and suggested that the Church could help in establishing a new economic system. The Cuban government responded cautiously to his remarks before his upcoming visit to the island next week. During a press conference on his way to Mexico and Cuba, the Catholic leader mentioned that Marxist ideology no longer aligns with reality. He emphasized the need for new, patient, and constructive models for society. The pontiff's statements were more direct and critical than those made by his predecessor, John Paul II, during his visit to Cuba 14 years ago, showcasing the Church's historical stance against communism. The Church and government in Cuba have improved their relationship in recent years, which led many to believe that the pope would avoid controversial topics during his visit. Despite any potential disagreement with the pope's comments, Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez expressed respect for his words and emphasized the importance of exchanging ideas while acknowledging the deep convictions of the Cuban people. Elizardo Sanchez, who leads the independent Cuban Commission on Human Rights, commended the Pope for demonstrating the goodwill of the Catholic Church and specifically Pope Benedict XVI towards the situation in Cuba. However, he expressed skepticism that significant change would occur, stating that the government lacks the necessary determination to implement the political reforms needed in Cuba. Although Pope John Paul II is remembered for his conciliatory remarks in Revolution Square in Havana, Pope Benedict acknowledged his predecessor for initiating a path of collaboration and constructive dialogue that requires patience and persistence. Despite some progress in resolving disputes, disagreements between the Cuban bishops and government persist on issues such as Church access to media and religious education. The Church is looking to increase its congregation in Cuba by utilizing the papal visit, as many families left the country after the revolution and there has been government hostility towards the Church. Approximately 60 percent of Cuba's population has been baptized, but only five percent attend mass regularly. During his three-day visit, Pope Benedict offered the Church's assistance in facilitating a peaceful transition on the island, emphasizing the need for patience and decisiveness. The Church aims to contribute to a fraternal and just society in Cuba, and hopes to avoid potential difficulties in the transition after the departure of the country's aging leaders, Fidel Castro and Raul Castro. Cuba's leaders have acknowledged the need to improve the country's economic model, while strongly supporting the one-party communist political system. In 2010, Fidel Castro admitted to a reporter that the Cuban model was no longer working for them, which some saw as a sign of communism's failure in Cuba. However, Castro later clarified that his comment was not a criticism of the communist revolution, but rather a response to the challenging economic conditions in Cuba. This statement indicated Castro's support for his brother's efforts to reform the economy and preserve the revolution. It is still uncertain whether Benedict will meet with Fidel, who governed Cuba for nearly five decades before stepping down due to age and health issues. The Vatican has stated that the pope will be willing to meet with the elderly, ailing Castro if he wishes. Amnesty International reported on Thursday that harassment and detention of dissidents in Cuba has significantly increased in the past two years. When asked about defending human rights in Cuba during a plane ride, the pope responded that the Church always supports freedom, freedom of conscience, and freedom of religion. On Monday, Cuba released 70 members of the dissident Ladies in White group who had been detained over the weekend, but cautioned them against participating in events related to the pope's visit. The women, also known as the "Damas de Blanco," were released without charges after being arrested in three separate incidents on Saturday and Sunday while trying to march in Havana. They could not be contacted by phone on Friday. Rodriguez cautioned that attempts to disrupt the papal visit with political tactics will be unsuccessful as the Pope will encounter a patriotic and educated Cuban people proud of their culture and beliefs. The Pope's itinerary does not include meetings with Cuban dissidents. The Vatican recently reiterated its disapproval of the US trade embargo against Cuba, deeming it ineffective and harmful to the average citizens. Despite being in place for 50 years, the embargo remains a key component of US policy towards Cuba, despite failing to achieve its goal of weakening the communist regime. During the peak of the Cold War, Washington enforced a nearly complete trade ban in order to retaliate against Havana for its backing of the Soviet Union and with the expectation that it would result in the downfall of communism. | 2 |
In 2013, the latest comprehensive data showed that 767 million people were living on less than $1.90 a day, a decrease from 881 million the previous year, with the most significant income increases seen in Asia. Jim Yong Kim, the president of the World Bank, noted the remarkable progress in reducing poverty and increasing shared prosperity despite the global economy's underperformance. The new figures confirm advancements in helping the poor over the past twenty-five years, with nearly 1.1 billion fewer people living in poverty in 2013 compared to 1990, despite population growth, according to the Bank. These findings bring the world closer to achieving the United Nations goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030. The goal is to address poverty, inequality, and climate change through the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 objectives. However, achieving this goal will also involve addressing ongoing inequality, according to the World Bank. Francisco Ferreira, a senior adviser at the World Bank, emphasized that meeting the international community's targets by 2030 will require addressing inequality and promoting inclusive growth. The Bank noted that income inequality had increased from 1988 to 2013, but recent data indicates that inequality has decreased in over 40 countries, including Brazil, Peru, Mali, and Cambodia. The Bank reported that half of those living in extreme poverty are in Sub-Saharan Africa, while one third of the global poor reside in South Asia. Poverty reduction has been most successful in East Asia and the Asia Pacific, with countries like China, Indonesia, and India leading the way. The Bank predicted that the number of people living in extreme poverty would likely drop below 10 percent of the world's population for the first time in 2015. | 2 |
"Sleepless: A Musical Romance," which premiered at the Troubadour Wembley Park Theater in London on Tuesday, is more significant for its symbolic importance as London's first fully staged indoor musical since the start of the coronavirus pandemic in March. While there have been several musical revivals performed in outdoor venues around the city, they have been limited in scale and often had minimal casts. Despite the somewhat bland nature of "Sleepless," the fact that it is running through September 27 on a larger scale than previously thought possible is commendable. The musical is based on the popular 1993 film "Sleepless in Seattle," which features Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan as the main characters who are kept apart until the end. This version of "Sleepless" is not related to a 2013 stage musical. The show incorporates a geographical separation in line with current social distancing measures, with the characters eventually meeting at the Empire State Building. Safety measures such as daily testing for the cast and crew, mandatory masks for audiences, temperature checks, and hand sanitizer stations are in place. The theater in northwestern London, located away from the closed West End, is selling less than one-third of its 1,300 seats per performance as a way to limit revenue. This decision was made by producers who believed that having some paying audience was better than having no audience at all. The production "Sleepless: A Musical Romance" at Troubadour Wembley Park Theater is based on the 1993 hit film "Sleepless in Seattle" and is London's first fully staged indoor musical in months. Despite the dedication of everyone involved, it is disappointing that director Morgan Young's production is not more exciting, even though the leads are likeable. Young and his two English stars had previously collaborated on the West End premiere of the 1996 Broadway musical "Big," another adaptation of a Tom Hanks film. An image provided by Alastair Muir shows Kimberley Walsh, Jack Reynolds, and Jay McGuiness in "Sleepless: A Musical Romance" at the Troubadour Wembley Park Theater in London, based on the popular 1993 film "Sleepless in Seattle." This production marks London's first fully staged indoor musical in months. The musical features a new British composing team, Robert Scott and Brendan Cull, in a theater scene dominated by Andrew Lloyd Webber. However, the score of the musical is criticized for having a repetitive, easy-listening quality with songs blending together. The protagonist's songs mainly focus on her feelings of being "out of my mind" or "out of my head" due to developing an unexpected obsession with a man across the United States. In the film, viewers empathize with Walter, Annie's partner, who is taken aback by her growing attraction to a voice she wants to meet in person. Sam, a depressed architect from Seattle, takes a backseat to his son Jonah, who steals the spotlight with his matchmaking skills. Jonah, played by Jobe Hart, delivers a standout performance in the musical number "Now or Never" alongside Cory English. The film, inspired by Nora Ephron's screenplay, occasionally overuses certain references. It is acceptable to portray Annie, a journalist for The Baltimore Sun, as a movie enthusiast with a strong fascination for the Cary Grant-Deborah Kerr film "An Affair to Remember," which served as inspiration for Ephron's film. However, it is unclear why Annie must express her admiration for Grant or why she would debate the pronunciation of Kerr's last name if she is such a devoted movie buff. Nevertheless, Annie is depicted as someone who finds even simple words like "exotic" to be exotic, making her conversations unpredictable. McGuiness and Walsh, both known for their work with popular music groups, are effective leaders in a production that feels somewhat lacking in originality. Despite this, "Sleepless" is enjoyable, leaving audiences eager for more high-quality theatre productions in the future. Text = Copyright 2020 New York Times News Service. | 2 |
When a new wave of COVID-19 struck in January, Stishi's father caught the virus and passed away soon after. Despite her efforts to find work by offering housecleaning services for $10, she was unsuccessful. As a result, Stishi and her children are experiencing hunger for the first time. Stishi, 30, expressed her frustration at trying to explain their new situation to others, as the pandemic has left many without work. This economic crisis, which has been ongoing for over a year, has severely impacted families like Stishi's who were already struggling to make ends meet. Currently, a larger number of people in South Africa and other countries are experiencing severe food shortages compared to before the pandemic. An estimated 270 million individuals are at risk of facing life-threatening hunger this year, which is significantly higher than the 150 million reported before the pandemic. The number of people on the verge of famine has also increased to 41 million people from 34 million the previous year. The World Food Program, in collaboration with the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation, recently issued a warning that conflict, economic impacts of COVID-19, and climate change are expected to worsen acute food insecurity in 23 vulnerable regions over the next four months, primarily in Africa but also in Central America, Afghanistan, and North Korea. The situation is particularly dire in Africa, where new cases of infection have risen sharply. Aid organizations have recently expressed concerns about Ethiopia and southern Madagascar, where famine is affecting a high number of people due to severe drought. Global hunger has been on the rise as poor countries face various crises, including armed conflicts and extreme poverty. Climate-related disasters like droughts and floods have also worsened, making it difficult for countries to respond effectively. The economic impacts of the pandemic have further exacerbated the crisis, leading to long lines of people waiting outside food distribution centers in both wealthy and impoverished nations. The latest surge of the virus in Africa has devastated the informal safety net that the world's poor rely on, such as financial assistance from loved ones and neighbors, further exacerbating the already dire situation. Hunger has now become a prominent issue, highlighting the stark contrast between affluent countries returning to normalcy and struggling nations sinking deeper into crisis. Amer Daoudi, senior director of operations at the World Food Program, expressed deep concern about the current global food security situation, noting that several significant crises are occurring simultaneously worldwide. In South Africa, a typically food-secure nation in Africa, hunger has spread throughout the country. In the past year, three severe waves of the virus have caused the loss of many breadwinners, leading to families being unable to afford food. School closures lasting months have resulted in around 9 million students losing access to free lunches. A strict government lockdown last year closed down informal food vendors in townships, causing some of the poorest residents to have to travel further to buy groceries from more expensive supermarkets. Approximately 3 million South Africans have become unemployed, raising the unemployment rate to 32.6%, the highest since data collection began in 2008. In rural areas, prolonged droughts have led to the death of livestock and a decrease in farmers' incomes. The South African government has offered some assistance by introducing $24 monthly stipends and other social grants last year. However, by the end of the year, almost 40% of South Africans were still experiencing hunger, as reported by an academic study. In Duncan Village, a large township in the Eastern Cape province, the economic support for many families has been wiped out. Prior to the pandemic, the area was bustling with workers heading to nearby East London, which was known for its stable jobs in industries such as car assembly, textiles, and processed food. "We were always well-off - we had an abundance," remarked Anelisa Langeni, 32, as she sat at the dining table in the two-bedroom house she lived in with her father and twin sister in Duncan Village. Her father had worked as a machine operator at the Mercedes-Benz plant for almost 40 years. When he retired, he had saved enough money to construct two additional single-family homes on their property - rental properties that he hoped would offer financial security for his children. However, the pandemic disrupted those plans. Shortly after the initial lockdown, the tenants lost their jobs and were no longer able to pay rent. When Langeni was let go from her position as a waitress at a seafood restaurant, along with her sister losing her job at a well-known pizza place, they relied on their father's $120 monthly pension. Unfortunately, in July, he fell ill with a cough and fever and passed away on the way to the hospital, possibly due to COVID-19. Langeni was devastated by the news, feeling like she had lost everything. Without any job prospects, she sought assistance from two elderly neighbors, one of whom provided her with food bought with her husband's pension. The neighbor from across the street began bringing food every week after her daughter's visit, bringing enough grocery bags to fill up the back of her gray Honda minivan. However, when a new strain of the coronavirus hit the province in November, the first neighbor's husband passed away, and his pension stopped. Tragically, the other neighbor's daughter also succumbed to the virus a month later. Bukelwa Tshingila, 73, expressed her disbelief at the situation, tearfully stating, "I never imagined it would be like this." In her kitchen, a portrait of her late daughter hung above an empty cupboard. Two hundred miles to the west, in the Karoo region, the impact of the pandemic has been worsened by an ongoing drought that has lasted for eight years. This has resulted in a once green landscape now turning into a dull, gray color. Zolile Hanabe, a 70-year-old farmer, is witnessing not only a decline in his income but also a personal connection to the land. Hanabe has had a lifelong dream of owning his own farm, dating back to when his father was forced to sell their goats by the apartheid government when he was just a child. In 2011, after years of hard work as a school principal, he was finally able to lease a farm and purchase cattle and goats, the same breed his father had raised. They grazed on the shrubs and drank from a river that ran through the property. He expressed that he had initially believed the farm would be his legacy to pass on to his children. However, by 2019, he was still leasing the farm and faced challenges such as a dried river, cattle deaths, and shrivelled shrubs due to intensifying drought. In order to keep his remaining cattle alive, he had to purchase feed costing $560 per month. Additionally, the pandemic worsened his situation, leading him to lay off two of his three farm hands to reduce the risk of infection. Feed vendors also reduced their workforce and increased prices, putting more strain on his finances. Hanabe expressed doubt about his ability to weather both crises simultaneously. | 2 |
A $600 million global initiative was launched by scientists on Wednesday in an effort to increase rice yields and lessen the environmental impact of rice production. The goal is to help 150 million people escape poverty by 2035. The Global Rice Science Partnership, led by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), will conduct research over the next five years to improve yields and develop more resilient rice strains that can withstand flooding and climate change threats. The initiative was announced in Hanoi during a meeting of rice scientists, executives, policymakers, and traders from nearly 70 countries to discuss research, demand, and trading risks. The focus of the research is to enhance food security as rice is a staple for over half of the global population. Additionally, efforts will be made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice production by over 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide through better irrigation practices and preventing deforestation. The consultative group stated that by increasing yields, farmers could avoid expanding their fields into new areas, potentially saving over 1.2 million hectares of natural ecosystems by 2035. Donors are expected to increase annual funding for rice research to $139 million by 2015 in order to achieve the initiative's objectives. The goal is to raise people out of poverty by boosting supplies and reducing food prices, with a potential impact on 72 million individuals by 2020. The initiative, which involves IRRI, two French organizations, a research center in Japan, and numerous other partners, aims to achieve these outcomes with the help of governments, the private sector, and civil society. | 2 |
He was a member of a band in Niterói, a city surrounded by beaches in Brazil, and he improved his guitar skills by watching online tutorials. YouTube had recently implemented a sophisticated new artificial intelligence system that learned from user activity and suggested videos based on their preferences. One day, he was led to an amateur guitar instructor named Nando Moura, who had amassed a large following by posting videos about heavy metal, video games, and primarily politics. In his vibrant and paranoid far-right monologues, Moura accused feminists, educators, and mainstream politicians of engaging in elaborate conspiracies. This captivated Dominguez. As he spent more time on the platform, YouTube recommended videos from other far-right personalities, including a politician named Jair Bolsonaro, who at the time was not well-known nationally but was a popular figure within YouTube's far-right community in Brazil, where the platform had a larger audience than all but one TV channel. Bolsonaro was elected President the following year. "YouTube became the main social media platform for the Brazilian right," stated Dominguez, who is now a 17-year-old aspiring politician and credits YouTube for his shift towards far-right beliefs. YouTube's success in keeping users engaged has inadvertently benefitted extremist groups, as discovered in a recent investigation in Brazil, the company's second-largest market. The far right in the country credits YouTube's recommendation engine for the rapid growth of their movement. Research shows that the platform's search and recommendation system often directs users towards far-right and conspiracy channels. This has had significant consequences, with classrooms disrupted by students quoting conspiracy videos, parents receiving dangerous health advice from YouTube instead of medical professionals, and overall hindering the nation's efforts to combat diseases like Zika. Viral videos have led to death threats against public health advocates, while right-wing YouTube stars have entered politics, some alongside Bolsonaro, and continue to use the platform to govern the fourth-largest democracy through trolling and provocation. YouTube's recommendation system is designed to maximize watchtime and does not favor any political ideology, but can lead users towards extreme content through emotions like fear, doubt, and anger. This system now drives 70% of total time on the platform, bringing in over $1 billion a month, and has been called a powerful radicalizing instrument by social media scholar Zeynep Tufekci. The company disputes claims that the system directs users towards extremism. However, representatives of the company admitted some of the findings and vowed to implement changes. Farshad Shadloo, a spokesperson, stated that YouTube has made significant investments in policies, resources, and products to reduce the spread of harmful misinformation. He also mentioned that authoritative content is thriving in Brazil and is highly recommended on the site. Danah Boyd, founder of Data & Society, attributed the disruption in Brazil to YouTube's relentless drive for viewer engagement and the revenue it generates. Despite corruption scandals and a severe recession already impacting Brazil's political landscape, Boyd expressed concern about YouTube's growing influence on democracies worldwide. Maurício Martins, the local vice president of Bolsonaro's party in Niterói, credited YouTube for recruiting most of the party members, including himself. He highlighted how YouTube's auto-playing recommendations served as his political education. The platform's political influence is also evident in Brazilian schools, where students are increasingly making extremist claims, often citing YouTube stars like Moura. Carlos Jordy, a City Council member, exemplifies YouTube's influence as he turned to the platform for political inspiration and accused local teachers of conspiring to indoctrinate students into communism. He said that the videos helped him gain a large following and led to his quick rise to the federal legislature. He believes that without social media, he would not have achieved this success and Jair Bolsonaro would not have become president. Researchers at the Federal University of Minas Gerais studied how YouTube influences users' perceptions and found that right-wing channels in Brazil were growing faster and shaping the site's political content. Positive mentions of Bolsonaro increased after YouTube changed its algorithm, even though polls showed he was unpopular. A team at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center investigated if YouTube's recommendation engine played a role in the Brazilian far right's popularity on the platform. They found that the platform moved users from one video to the next, potentially contributing to the rise of right-wing content. They discovered that following users watching videos on politics or entertainment, YouTube's recommendations often preferred right-wing, conspiracy-filled channels like Moura's. Significantly, viewers who watched one far-right channel were frequently shown many more. The researchers concluded that the algorithm had brought together previously marginalized channels and then cultivated an audience for them. One of these channels belonged to Bolsonaro, who had been using the platform to post hoaxes and conspiracies for a long time. Despite being an early adopter of YouTube, his online following had not significantly expanded his political base, which was almost non-existent at a national level. However, when Brazil's political system collapsed, YouTube's popularity in the country soared. Bolsonaro's views remained the same, but the far-right on YouTube, where he was a prominent figure, experienced a surge in viewership, preparing a large number of Brazilians for his message during a period when the country was ready for a political change. YouTube disputed the researchers' methodology and claimed that their internal data contradicted the findings. Nevertheless, the company refused to provide the Times with the data or certain statistics that could confirm the accuracy of the researchers' findings. The spread of conspiracies was not confined to politics. Numerous Brazilians who turned to YouTube for health information were frightened by videos claiming false information about Zika being spread by vaccines or insecticides. These videos gained popularity by making sensational claims and offering supposed hidden truths, leading to a public health crisis as people refused vaccines and insecticides. This misinformation has had severe consequences in poorer communities like Maceió, where patients are defying medical advice based on what they see online. Physicians are facing a constant battle against misinformation from sources like Google and YouTube, ultimately resulting in a resurgence of diseases like Zika in some areas of Brazil. The medical community in Brazil is struggling to combat the spread of false information through social media. The researchers from Harvard University discovered that YouTube often directed users searching for information on Zika, or those watching a reputable health video, towards conspiracy channels. A spokesperson for YouTube acknowledged this unintentional behavior and stated that the company would make changes to how videos related to Zika are shown in search results. As the far-right movement grew, conspiracy videos were used to target individuals, such as women's rights activist Debora Diniz, who advocated for abortion rights. These videos accused her of being involved in supposed Zika plots, suggesting that those working to help Zika-affected families were actually behind the disease. Conspiracy channels began referencing each other, leading YouTube's recommendation system to link their videos together, creating a false narrative. Diniz received threats of rape and torture as a result of these conspiracy theories. Diniz stated that many claims made in Küster's videos were echoed, though Küster never explicitly endorsed the threats, which kept him within YouTube's guidelines. When the university where Diniz taught received a warning that she and her students would be shot, and the police could no longer guarantee their safety, she left Brazil. Diniz believes that the YouTube recommendation system has created a breeding ground for hate speech, leading to a dangerous cycle of misinformation and incitement to violence. She emphasizes the need for companies to take responsibility for their role in promoting harmful content. “Morally, they have a responsibility.” As false information spreads on YouTube, content creators have targeted aid organizations involved in controversial issues such as abortion. Some people who had previously relied on these organizations began to question the validity of the videos and started avoiding them. In Brazil, this trend is known as “linchamento” — lynching. Bolsonaro was one of the first to spread misleading videos in 2012, falsely accusing leftist academics of planning to distribute “gay kits” in schools to convert children to homosexuality. Jordy, a follower of Bolsonaro from Niterói with tattoos, was not bothered to hear that his own YouTube campaign accusing teachers of promoting communism had negatively impacted their lives. One of the teachers, Valeria Borges, mentioned that she and her colleagues had received numerous hateful messages, creating a fearful atmosphere. Jordy admitted that causing fear was his intention. He stated, “It’s a cultural battle we are engaged in. This is why I entered office.” The epicenter of political YouTube content may be the Movimento Brasil Livre headquarters in São Paulo, which was established to advocate for the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff in 2016. The members of the group are typically young, middle-class, right-wing, and very active on the internet. Renan Santos, the national coordinator, pointed to a door labeled "the YouTube Division" and described it as the central hub of the group. Inside, a group of young men were working on editing software, with one of them editing an image of Benito Mussolini for a video arguing that fascism was wrongly associated with the right. However, some members of the group are concerned about the impact of social media on democracy. Santos referred to social media as a "weapon" that some individuals close to Bolsonaro want to use to pressure institutions in a way that he considers irresponsible. The group's co-founder, Pedro D'Eyrot, mentioned the concept of the "dictatorship of the like," where reality is shaped by the most viral message. At the same time, a popular two-hour YouTube video titled "1964" was spreading across the nation, arguing that the military coup of that year was necessary to protect Brazil from communism. This video influenced Dominguez, a teenager learning to play guitar, to believe that his teachers had exaggerated the atrocities of military rule. On the other hand, Borges, a history teacher criticized in YouTube videos, was reminded of the military curfews, disappeared activists, and police brutality of that time. She expressed concerns that she may face similar violence in the future. Matheus Dominguez, who credited YouTube for guiding his shift towards far-right political views, was shown recording a YouTube video in Niterói, Brazil. YouTube has thrived by engaging users, but this has inadvertently benefited extremist groups, as evidenced by a recent investigation in the company's second-largest market. | 2 |
Sajeeb Wazed Joy, the son of the prime minister and an ICT adviser, revealed the recipients of awards at a virtual event organized by Young Bangla, the youth platform of the Awami League’s Centre for Research and Information, on Tuesday. The winners were divided into 16 in the social inclusion category and 14 in the social development category. Young Bangla selected 47 organizations as finalists from a pool of 600 youth groups aged between 18 and 35. Joy praised their work as exceptional and stated that they are dedicated to helping the general public in a motivating way. He expressed gratitude for their efforts in assisting disadvantaged individuals such as poor children, people with disabilities, and other marginalized groups. Joy mentioned that the winners were actively working to address issues they encountered, unlike some individuals who simply prefer to complain. He emphasized that the winners, who may be as small as a single youth in a village, are making a difference by implementing their own solutions instead of just criticizing. Nasrul Hamid Bipu, the state minister for power, energy, and mineral resources and a trustee of CRI, participated in the event, which was moderated by Dr. Nuzhat Choudhury. The winners and categories are as follows: Happy Natore and Shoshtho Indrio or The 6th Sense of Rajshahi received the award for children's rights. Obhizatrik Foundation of Patuakhali and Miserable Welfare Association of Sylhet were recognized for their work in ultra-poor empowerment. Hate Khori Foundation of Pirojpur, Ek Takay Shikkha of Chattogram, and Good Film of Barishal were honored for their efforts in empowering disadvantaged people. Unmesh of Rangamati, Ignite Youth Foundation of Chandpur, iTech School of Chandpur, and Positive Bangladesh of Dhaka were awarded for their contributions to youth development. Deshi Balllers of Dhaka and Youth for Change of Barishal were recognized for their work in women empowerment. The organizations mentioned are working towards empowering people with disabilities, preventing coronavirus through emergency efforts, addressing environmental and climate issues, providing health education and awareness, and promoting socio-cultural entrepreneurship. Footstep Bangladesh from Noakhali and Safety Management Foundation from Kurigram, both focusing on disaster management and reducing risk of damage, are the recipients of certificates, crests, and laptops as winners. Young Bangla has recognized 130 organizations since 2015, with many of them achieving international recognition in the future. | 2 |
Colombia's Marxist rebels have declared a two-month unilateral ceasefire, marking the first truce in over ten years. This comes as peace talks in Cuba aim to bring an end to fifty years of conflict. President Juan Manuel Santos' government has stated that military operations will continue until a final peace agreement is reached with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). FARC has announced that they will cease all offensive military actions and sabotage against infrastructure until January 20. Lead rebel negotiator Ivan Marquez described this decision as a crucial step towards creating a conducive atmosphere for successful negotiations. This ceasefire indicates the rebels' willingness to work towards a positive outcome, despite previous concerns raised by their leadership about the need for significant changes to Colombia's political system. The opposing sides arrived at the talks in fancy black cars and will be meeting almost daily until negotiations are over. A crowd of journalists surrounded Marquez, who stood with other FARC representatives, including Dutch national Tanja Nijmeijer, in Havana's most upscale neighborhood. Some FARC members wore hats and shirts with Simon Trinidad's name, a guerrilla negotiator currently imprisoned in the US. Others cheered for the Army of the People. Humberto de la Calle, the leader of the Colombian government delegation, greeted the crowd with a smile and wave but did not make any remarks. Colombian Defense Minister Juan Carlos Pinzon expressed skepticism about the FARC's ceasefire pledge during a statement from Bogota. He emphasized that security forces have a responsibility to pursue all criminals who have violated the constitution. Despite hoping that the FARC will keep their promise, Pinzon pointed out that history has shown the terrorist group's lack of compliance. The war in Colombia has lasted 50 years, resulting in numerous casualties, displacements, and damage to infrastructure. Failure of the current peace process would lead to more years of conflict, tarnishing the country's reputation and hindering its goals for foreign investment and regional influence. Colombia has struggled to resolve its most pressing domestic issue for years. Residents in the western Cauca province, which is known for being heavily impacted by war, were pleased about the FARC ceasefire. Orlando Ramos, a resident in Miranda, Cauca, expressed his hope that the ceasefire would be permanent rather than just lasting for a short time. The FARC's announcement of the ceasefire could be seen as a relief for oil and mining companies, as they have been frequent targets of FARC attacks in recent months. These attacks were aimed at disrupting President Santos' main source of international revenue. The ongoing war in Colombia costs the country's economy 1 to 2 percentage points of gross domestic product annually, and also poses a threat to large areas of arable land due to ongoing combat and landmines. Analyst Heather Berkman from the Eurasia Group believes that a peace agreement with the FARC could attract more sectors and investors to Colombia. The potential for agricultural production could significantly impact the country's export sector, especially as farmers of all sizes could now utilize land that was previously inaccessible due to security issues. Santos is aiming for an agreement within nine months, but the rebels believe it may take longer. The two parties will need to address various challenging issues in their five-point agenda, starting with rural development. Despite previous failed peace attempts, both the government and the FARC are hopeful that this time could yield different results. However, not everyone shares this optimism. Felix Lafaurie, leader of Colombia's National Federation of Cattle Ranchers, cautioned on Colombian radio that the recent announcement should be viewed skeptically. He expressed hope that it signals the FARC's good intentions and not a deceptive tactic. Despite widespread support for the peace process among Colombians, many doubt its ultimate success. President Santos' political future hinges on the outcome of the talks, which are considered a major risk. The conflict originated in 1964 when the FARC formed as a communist movement seeking to address Colombia's deep social disparities. During the 1990s, the FARC held sway over large areas of the country. However, in the early 2000s, with billions of dollars in US aid, better intelligence, and increased mobility, the government started to gain the upper hand in the conflict. In recent years, the FARC has suffered the loss of several key leaders and has been forced back into remote jungle hideouts. Despite these setbacks, the rebels remain a formidable force and continue to launch attacks on security forces and infrastructure. Past peace talks have failed due to ongoing violence, such as the government ending negotiations in 2002 when the FARC hijacked an airplane during the last attempt from 1999 to 2002. Juan Fernando Cristo, a senator for the Liberal Party, stated that the FARC has listened to the concerns of many Colombians who have doubted their commitment to ending the war due to past actions. He believes that the FARC's decision to declare a unilateral truce should give us hope for the future negotiations. | 2 |
A senior Iranian lawmaker cautioned Western powers that they will soon have to acknowledge Iran's progress in nuclear technology, as reported by Iran's state news agency on Saturday. The head of the parliamentary committee for national security and foreign policy, Alaeddin Boroujerdi, made these remarks at a ceremony in Mashhad honoring Iran's nuclear scientists who have been killed or injured in attacks. Western nations suspect Iran of secretly developing nuclear weapons, a claim that Iran denies. Negotiations are scheduled to resume this week to address these concerns, though the location of the talks has yet to be determined. Boroujerdi stated that the P5+1 countries must reconsider their approach, as he believes that challenging Iran will not be in their best interests. Iran, with its honorable stance, will continue discussions on peaceful nuclear energy. The speaker believes that soon the world will witness the acceptance by arrogant countries, such as America and Europe, of Iran's advancements in nuclear technology and its membership in the nuclear club. Despite facing threats and sanctions, Iran has made significant progress in its nuclear capabilities, mastering all stages of enrichment. This includes mining raw uranium, producing concentrated uranium powder, building centrifuges, and injecting uranium gas into them. In February, Iran announced the successful loading of domestically produced fuel rods into the Tehran Research Reactor, which produces radio isotopes for medical and agricultural purposes. Iran asserts its right to engage in peaceful nuclear activities under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The speaker emphasized that Iran's nuclear program is strictly for peaceful purposes, but cautioned that if the International Atomic Energy Agency fails to uphold its commitments, Iran's scientists may take matters into their own hands and build a reactor within the country. Speaking in front of families of slain scientists, Boroujerdi cautioned that the assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists was ineffective. He stated that Iran's progress has compelled Israel, Arab countries, and the United States to target their scientists, but emphasized that such actions will not prevent Iran from advancing in nuclear science, as thousands of university students and professors in Iran are dedicated to the field. A recent report by the IAEA revealed that Iran has significantly increased its production of higher grade enriched uranium, raising concerns about potential military intentions. While some experts doubt Iran's claims, others argue that enriching uranium to 20 percent is a significant step towards achieving the 90 percent threshold required for nuclear explosions. The Islamic Republic of Iran has stated that the highly refined uranium will be used to replenish diminishing supplies of special fuel for a reactor in Tehran that produces essential medical isotopes for cancer patients. In response to Iran's enrichment activities, the United States and its allies have implemented new sanctions on Iran's financial and energy sectors. Israel has threatened Iran with preemptive strikes to prevent them from obtaining nuclear weapons, while US President Barack Obama has stressed the need for a diplomatic resolution. The next round of talks between Iran and the P5+1 group, which includes the permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany, was scheduled for April 13, but the two sides have been unable to agree on a location. | 2 |
According to interviews with activist investors and fund managers by Reuters, votes on climate-related resolutions are expected to gain more support this year from large asset managers who are seeking clarity on how executives plan to adapt and succeed in a low-carbon world. In the United States, there have been 79 climate-related resolutions filed so far, compared to 72 last year and 67 in 2019. The Sustainable Investments Institute estimates that this number could reach 90 by the end of the year. These resolutions cover topics such as emissions limits, pollution reports, and climate audits that show the financial impact of climate change on businesses. The overall goal is to urge companies in various sectors, from oil and transportation to food and beverage, to outline their plans for reducing carbon footprints in the coming years in alignment with government commitments to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Billionaire British hedge fund manager Chris Hohn believes that setting net-zero targets for 2050 without a credible plan with short-term targets is considered greenwashing, and shareholders should hold companies accountable for this. Hohn is advocating for companies worldwide to have a recurring shareholder vote on their climate plans. Some companies argue that they already provide sufficient information on climate issues, but activists are noticing more executives showing interest in making deals this year. Royal Dutch Shell, Spanish airports operator Aena, UK consumer goods company Unilever, and US rating agency Moody's have all announced plans to offer such a vote. Although these resolutions are typically non-binding, they often prompt changes when they receive significant support from shareholders, as executives aim to please as many investors as possible. Daniele Vitale, the head of governance for Georgeson in London, noted that the calls for increased transparency and goal-setting are more specific now compared to 2020. Companies are increasingly committing to net-zero targets for 2050 in alignment with the Paris climate agreement, but very few have set interim targets. A study by South Pole consultancy found that only 10% of 120 companies surveyed had published interim targets, leading to ambiguity and uncertainty about the path companies will take towards achieving their goals. According to Mirza Baig from Aviva Investors, there is a lack of clarity on how quickly companies will make progress. Data analysis from J Safra Sarasin shows the magnitude of the challenge companies face in meeting these targets. Sarasin conducted a study on emissions from around 1,500 companies in the MSCI World Index, which represents the world's listed companies. The study concluded that if global companies do not reduce their emissions, global temperatures could increase by over 3 degrees Celsius by 2050. This falls short of the Paris accord goal of limiting warming to below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably 1.5 degrees Celsius. The study also found significant variations in emissions levels among different industries. For instance, if all companies emitted at the same rate as the energy sector, global temperatures would rise by 5.8 degrees Celsius, while the materials sector and consumer staples sector would lead to temperature increases of 5.5 and 4.7 degrees Celsius respectively. The calculations are primarily based on companies' reported emissions in 2019, covering both Scope 1 and 2 emissions - those directly caused by a company and the production of electricity it purchases and uses. Industries with high carbon emissions will likely face increased pressure from investors to be transparent about their climate impact. For example, ExxonMobil, known for lagging behind in setting climate goals, recently disclosed its Scope 3 emissions, prompting Calpers to withdraw a shareholder resolution. Calpers' head of corporate governance, Simiso Nzima, believes that 2021 will be a significant year for climate concerns, with more companies expected to engage with activist investors. Despite this, Exxon has requested to skip votes on several shareholder proposals related to climate issues. They mention reasons such as the company already making significant reforms. An Exxon representative mentioned ongoing discussions with stakeholders that resulted in the disclosure of emissions. The SEC had not made a ruling on Exxon's requests as of late Tuesday. Activists are looking for more action from BlackRock, the largest investor in the world, who has promised a stricter stance on climate issues. BlackRock recently urged boards to develop a climate plan, disclose emissions data, and set strong short-term targets to avoid directors being voted out at the AGM. It supported a resolution at Procter & Gamble's AGM, held in October, that requested the company to provide a report on its efforts to eliminate deforestation in its supply chains. The resolution passed with 68% support. Kyle Kempf, a spokesman for Green Century Capital Management, expressed optimism about the future actions of BlackRock, calling their support a small step in the right direction. When asked about their plans for 2021, BlackRock stated that they will evaluate each proposal on a case-by-case basis. Amundi, Europe's largest asset manager, also stated they would support more resolutions. Vanguard, the world's second-largest investor, appeared less certain about their stance on these issues. Lisa Harlow, Vanguard's stewardship leader for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, expressed uncertainty about whether the support for climate resolutions this year would surpass their traditional rate of supporting one in ten. TCI's founder, Britain's Hohn, is pushing for a regular mechanism to assess climate progress through annual shareholder votes. This initiative, known as "Say on Climate," involves investors requesting companies to provide a detailed net zero plan for approval through an annual non-binding vote. If investors are unsatisfied, they may have more leverage to vote down directors. Initial indications suggest that this movement is gaining traction. Hohn has submitted a minimum of seven resolutions through TCI. The foundation he established, The Children’s Investment Fund Foundation, is collaborating with campaign groups and asset managers to submit over 100 resolutions in the upcoming two AGM seasons across various countries including the United States, Europe, Canada, Japan, and Australia. Hohn expressed confidence that despite challenges, they can secure votes for the Say on Climate initiative. | 2 |
Developing countries may receive assistance in constructing nuclear power plants as part of a plan discussed at a climate conference in Bonn involving 170 nations. This plan aims to expand a UN program that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions by allowing wealthy countries to invest in renewable energy projects abroad and receive credit for reducing emissions domestically. Yvo de Boer, the head of the UN Climate Change Secretariat, stated that the inclusion of nuclear power in the program is a topic that needs to be examined further. Other suggestions at the conference include providing credits for carbon capture and storage, promoting reforestation efforts to absorb carbon dioxide, and supporting renewable energy projects. Numerous countries and environmental activists are against the idea of including nuclear power in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which is a component of the United Nations' Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2012. Martin Hiller from the WWF conservation group believes that nuclear power is not a sustainable energy source and should not be eligible for the CDM, which he argues should focus on promoting renewable energy instead. He stated that nuclear power, despite emitting minimal greenhouse gases compared to coal, oil, and gas, was considered too risky. The talks in Bonn, part of negotiations for a new U.N. climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol, will not include decisions on revamping the CDM. Many delegations are against including nuclear power in the CDM. There is uncertainty over whether nuclear power should be used as an alternative to fossil fuels to combat rising temperatures and their associated impacts. De Boer estimated that the CDM could provide up to $100 billion annually to developing nations if industrialized countries committed to significant emissions reductions and half of those reductions were made abroad. That was also assuming that credits for avoiding greenhouse gas emissions would be around $10 per ton. The CDM has projects in progress that could prevent a total of 2.7 billion tonnes of emissions by 2012, which is about the same as the combined annual emissions of Japan, Germany, and Britain. De Boer dismissed criticisms of the CDM, including claims that it benefits carbon traders and companies in China profiting from destroying HFC 23, a potent greenhouse gas produced during refrigerant manufacturing. He argued that finding a way to profit from reducing greenhouse gases is not unethical, as it demonstrates the effectiveness of the market mechanism. Additional criticisms of the plan center around the question of whether the funding has actually resulted in reductions in emissions, or if these reductions would have occurred regardless due to preexisting government support for wind power in countries like China and India. | 2 |
The pandemic in France and Austria highlighted the debate between planes and trains. In France, the government's COVID bailout for Air France mandated that the airline eliminate domestic flights if there was a train option under 2 1/2 hours. This requirement later became law. Similarly, the Austrian government imposed a condition on Austrian Airlines to end its 50-minute flight between Vienna and Salzburg, as the journey could be completed by train in about three hours. The European Commission declared 2021 as the "Year of European Rail" to promote train travel, especially to younger people. Despite passenger traffic increasing steadily until 2019, train travel accounted for only 8% of all passenger travel in the European Union before the pandemic. European leaders are not only focusing on public relations to promote cross-border train travel, but they are also working on reducing practical barriers by implementing new data-sharing systems, updating infrastructure, and constructing high-speed routes, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Alberto Mazzola, executive director of the Community of European Railways and Infrastructure Companies in Brussels, stated that the goal is for businesspeople to choose trains over flights for trips under four hours, and for tourists to opt for trains for trips under six hours. Mazzola mentioned that government leaders are supporting railway infrastructure, particularly high-speed lines, with actual investments being made now, unlike in the past. Night trains in Europe are also becoming increasingly popular as part of the growing trend of rail travel on the continent. Night train services have been declining since the 1990s due to the rise of low-cost airlines and high-speed trains, which offer faster daytime services. However, this trend has been changing, with a resurgence of interest in night trains across Europe. SNCF, France's state-owned railway company, has seen a strong demand for overnight services, with new sleeper connections being introduced. For example, SNCF recently relaunched overnight services between Paris and Nice, offering tickets starting at 19 euros, compared to 31 euros for a short flight on EasyJet. This revival of night trains is being driven by customer demand as well as support from elected officials and the government. SNCF also provides overnight services connecting Paris with Toulouse and Lourdes in southwestern France. In July and August, there will be a night train to Hendaye, a coastal town near the Spanish border. Additionally, a direct overnight service between Paris and Berlin, currently an eight-hour journey with at least one change, is set to start in December 2023 through collaboration with four European operators. According to Krakovitch, there has been significant demand for these services, making them very appealing to passengers. Krakovitch mentioned that the concept of falling asleep in Paris and waking up in Nice eliminates the need for a night in a hotel, allowing travelers to arrive in Nice early and refreshed. Despite the benefits of this service, there was a significant investment required for its relaunch. The goal is to maintain the current positive momentum. This trend is also seen in other parts of Europe, such as the Swiss Federal Railways introducing a new overnight connection from Zurich to Amsterdam, with stops in Basel and Cologne. This adds to existing overnight services connecting Zurich to Berlin, Budapest, Prague, and Zagreb, among other cities. European Sleeper, a company established by two entrepreneurs from the Netherlands and Belgium, is in the process of planning an overnight train connection from Brussels to Prague, with stops in cities such as Amsterdam and Berlin. They are aiming to launch this service in the upcoming summer, although the exact start date has not been confirmed yet. In the meantime, ÖBB's Nightjet service, operated in Austria, has recently introduced an overnight route between Vienna and Paris. Ticket prices for this service range from approximately 30 euros for a regular train seat to over 200 euros for a first-class private cabin, depending on the travel date. Nightjet also offers overnight journeys to various other cities, including Rome, Milan, Brussels, and Amsterdam, offering passengers the option to book private compartments with amenities such as private showers and toilets. The cost of these private compartments increases based on the amenities provided; for example, a couple traveling from Vienna to Amsterdam on a weeknight in July can book two seats in a private compartment for a total of 129 euros. Alternatively, travelers have the option to choose a two-bed sleeper cabin for 378 euros for both people, which includes breakfast. If they add a private shower and toilet, the price increases to 418 euros. Currently, all of the Nightjet trains are being used, but new services are expected to be available in the future, with over 30 new sleeper trains scheduled for delivery starting in 2023. Despite the benefits of night trains for connecting travelers to new destinations, they are limited to specific routes, presenting ongoing challenges. People who want to travel between cities that are not connected by rail networks still face challenges in booking tickets and dealing with high prices. Some long-distance trips with multiple stops are cheaper by plane than by train. Despite the European Union's support for rail travel, governments in the bloc continue to provide significant subsidies to airlines through bailout packages and low taxes on jet fuel, although this may change in the future. While bans on short-haul flights in France and Austria gained attention in Europe, they only affected a few routes in each country. In France, passengers can still fly these routes if they are part of a longer journey by plane. Herwig Schuster, a transport campaigner for Greenpeace’s EU Mobility for All campaign, described the French and Austrian measures as a starting point and suggested that the European Union should consider prohibiting flights with a train alternative that takes under six hours rather than just two or three. He believes that such a measure could eliminate approximately one-third of Europe's most popular short-haul routes. Schuster pointed out that consumers are prepared for this change, citing a recent climate survey which found that 62% of Europeans support a ban on short-haul flights. He noted that the main challenge would be ensuring that rail options are as affordable as flights. Despite this, flying remains the cheaper option on various European routes, particularly longer-distance trips that cross multiple national borders. For example, a one-way flight from Zurich to Barcelona in July can cost as little as 45 euros on a low-cost carrier, compared to 140 euros to cover the same distance by rail. Flying is also generally more affordable for trips from London to Madrid, Copenhagen to Rome, and Paris to Budapest. Mark Smith, who operates the website The Man in Seat 61, pointed out that the lack of a unified ticketing system for Europe's extensive rail network is a challenge. Despite this, he believes that trains often offer better value than planes, especially when considering additional costs like baggage fees and transportation to and from the airport. Smith suggests that booking train tickets in advance, similar to booking flights, can result in significant savings. He recommends reserving long-distance train journeys one to three months ahead to avoid price increases. For booking multicountry trips in Europe, he suggests using websites like Trainline and Rail Europe. Smith noted that many travelers still prefer trains, even if it means paying a higher ticket price in some cases. Smith mentioned that when he launched his website two decades ago, the majority of individuals interested in long-distance train travel were either afraid to fly or unable to do so due to health reasons. However, nowadays, he notices a shift in motivation. People are increasingly dissatisfied with the airport and airline procedures, seeking a more relaxed and engaging travel experience. In addition, there is a growing desire to reduce their carbon footprint. | 2 |
The agency has announced that it is upgrading India's rating from Baa3 to Baa2, and changing the rating outlook from positive to stable due to balanced risks to India's credit profile. This is Moody's first upgrade of India since January 2004, raising the rating to the second-lowest investment grade, surpassing Standard & Poor's and Fitch. The decision by Moody's is seen as a recognition of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government and its reforms. This comes shortly after the World Bank improved India's ease of doing business rankings. Indian markets responded positively to the news, with stocks, bonds, and the rupee all rallying. According to Lakshmi Iyer, head of fixed income at Kotak Mutual Fund, it feels like Christmas has come early for India. The upgrade in ratings is beneficial for bonds that were previously facing negative trends. This change is seen as a positive development that will result in lower yields across different time periods. India had strongly advocated for an upgrade from Moody's last year, but was unsuccessful due to concerns about the country's debt levels and fragile banking sector. Despite criticism of Moody's rating methodology, the agency did not change its decision. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley described the upgrade as a delayed acknowledgment of the government's efforts to improve India's economy. The upgrade is also seen as a success for Prime Minister Modi, especially following a recent survey showing high approval ratings for him among the Indian population. Some economists believe that the other major rating agencies, Fitch and S&P, are unlikely to upgrade India's credit rating soon. Radhika Rao from DBS pointed out that slow growth, a struggling rural sector, and low investment, along with increased oil prices, are posing risks to the economy. She mentioned that Fitch and S&P have expressed concerns about the weak finances of both state and central governments. Finance Minister Jaitley stated that the government will continue with fiscal consolidation, aiming for a fiscal deficit of 3.2 percent for the current fiscal year and 3 percent for the next. He stated that they will continue to adhere to fiscal discipline and expressed confidence that current policies will help India move towards a stronger financial position smoothly. Moody's also upgraded the ratings of several Indian entities, including State Bank of India, HDFC Bank, and state-run energy firms NTPC, NHPC, and GAIL India Limited, as well as the National Highways Authority of India, which could potentially reduce their borrowing costs. Following this, India's benchmark 10-year bond yield decreased to 6.94 percent before closing at 7.05 percent, the rupee ended at 65.02 per dollar compared to 65.3250 at the previous day's close, and the main Mumbai stock index ended 0.67 percent higher. However, debt traders warned that due to heavy bond supply and a hawkish inflation outlook, the market surge might not last beyond a few days. A bond trader at a private bank questioned who would be brave enough to continue buying in the current market. Moody's stated that the implementation of the goods and services tax (GST) in India would improve productivity by eliminating barriers to inter-state trade. Marie Diron from Moody's mentioned that the upgrade considered the potential impact of the GST reform on growth, as well as the government's commitment to fiscal consolidation despite some short-term challenges. Some market participants raised concerns about the timing of the upgrade, with one foreign bank calling it risky due to worries about the government's fiscal discipline. Moody's predicted a slight decrease in India's real GDP growth for the fiscal year ending in March 2018, and also increased the country's local currency debt ratings. Moody's stated that although several important reforms are still in their initial phases, the ones already put in place are expected to help the government achieve its goal of enhancing the business environment, increasing productivity, and encouraging investment. Moody's also mentioned that in the long run, India's growth potential is much greater compared to most other Baa-rated countries. | 2 |
The mountain, depicted on a piece of cardboard, served as a backdrop for a comedy show during the Leicester Comedy Festival. However, for Ives, it symbolized the daily struggles faced by transgender individuals in Britain, likening it to continuously climbing a hill. Despite the challenging premise, Ives, who is transgender herself, felt confident in addressing the topic in her show. Transgender people have gained more visibility in British culture, but this has also brought about opposition to transgender rights in various media platforms. In the realm of stand-up comedy, where societal issues are often addressed, transgender issues have frequently been treated as a joke. In a recent phone interview, Jen Ives, a trans comedian, discussed the pressure she sometimes feels to represent the entire transgender community when she would rather just focus on telling jokes. In contrast to the United States, where opinions on transgender issues are divided along political lines, in Britain, voices from both the left and right have raised concerns about allowing transgender women to use bathrooms according to their gender identity. These concerns have been debunked by a 2018 UCLA study, but prominent figures like JK Rowling have continued to express them. Rowling has been accused of transphobia for her views on transgender rights, which she believes are harmful to women as a political and biological class. In a telephone interview, Dan Healey, an academic at the University of Oxford's Centre for Gender, Identity, and Subjectivity, stated that the debate surrounding transgender rights in Britain is more prominent than in the United States. He explained that the debate is primarily between two groups of feminists - those who accept trans women as women, and those who do not. British comedian Jen Ives expressed concern that feminists who do not accept transgender individuals are challenging their very humanity, leading to an attempt to dehumanize trans people in the UK. Ives, 30, expressed that people often do not see transgender individuals as human beings, but rather as a topic of debate or a passing trend. She has been discussing her transgender identity in her stand-up routines since 2017, and audiences have responded positively to her openness about it. Her show, "Peak Trans," was created in part as a reaction to the negative atmosphere towards transgender individuals in Britain. She believes that making people laugh may not change their opinions, but it does humanize the transgender experience for them. Even when addressing serious issues, Ives always includes humor in her routines. She mentioned that being transgender is not the only thing that defines her, also stating that she is a vegetarian and had considered going vegan over Christmas. However, as a trans woman, she decided against it to spare her father any additional stress. Transgender comedians have been part of the British comedy scene for many years, with Eddie Izzard being a prominent figure who recently announced she prefers she/her pronouns. Debra-Jane Appleby and Bethany Black, both trans stand-up comedians, have also had successful careers in comedy. Black once mentioned in an interview that most people do not care about her being transgender, and she laughed when the interviewer brought up that comment in a recent video interview. "Yeah, that's changed a bit," she commented. In the past, people believed there were only a few transsexuals in the world, around 10 or 15, she recalled. Now, the perception has shifted to thinking that trans people are numerous and are trying to infiltrate sports. Although she jokes about transphobia in her performances, Black revealed that the ongoing debate in Britain about trans individuals has had a negative impact on her mental health. She disclosed that she was diagnosed with agoraphobia recently, which she attributes to constantly feeling like she is in a constant battle. Black also expressed frustration with comedians and TV shows that make insensitive jokes about transgender individuals. Those jokes had become a common element in the routines of certain well-known comedians, to the point where James Acaster, another British stand-up, poked fun at this trend in a 2019 performance. However, many comedians refrained from making those jokes when performing alongside her, according to Black. Despite their claims of being bold and supportive of free speech, many of them would not make those jokes when she was also on the lineup. One exception to this was comedian Adam Rowe, who has a routine in which he criticizes lingerie company Victoria's Secret for not including transgender or plus-size models in their shows. In a photo taken remotely, British comedian Bethany Black is pictured on February 25, 2021, discussing her experience as a transgender individual. Black stated that being transgender is a daily reality for her, not just a hypothetical scenario. She mentioned that many British comedians make jokes about trans people, but they tend to avoid those jokes when she is performing alongside them. Brian, your hands are described as shovels towards the end of the routine. Victoria's Secret recently cast a transgender model. Bethany Black, a British comedian, discussed being transgender in an undated photo from February 25, 2021. Black emphasized that being transgender is a daily reality for her, not just a hypothetical situation. Despite many British comedians making jokes about trans people, they usually avoid doing so when Black is on the same lineup. Rowe defended the joke in an email. He stated that the routine was not transphobic, but rather designed to deceive those who are not paying attention into thinking it is. He mentioned that people often get caught up in buzzwords. Ives pointed out that she has witnessed non-trans comedians performing trans material that she found funny because she can laugh at herself. However, she also noted that sometimes it feels like a cheap shot. She shared that she has had to follow male comedians who made jokes about transgender women many times in her career, and she would usually mock them in response. She described this as making the best of a bad situation. "I'd prefer not to." During her recent performance, Ives gradually guided her audience towards the metaphorical Peak Trans, pausing to make jokes about transgender athletes and her own coming out experience. However, as they neared the summit, a particular topic came into focus. Ives apologized and announced they would discuss JK Rowling. She began by joking about Rowling's latest book "Troubled Blood," which includes a male killer who dresses as a woman. Ives expressed a desire to speak out as an activist, but noted the book's length of 1,000 pages posed a challenge. Ives stated that Rowling wants individuals like herself to refrain from using women's spaces and instead use men's toilets. Ives then compared trans women to spiders, noting that they are often more afraid of others than others are of them. | 2 |
The worst financial crisis in 80 years had a significant impact on emerging markets on Wednesday, leading to emergency actions by central banks and calls for international assistance to prevent investors from fleeing. In the United States, companies such as AT&T Inc, Boeing, and drugmaker Merck & Co reported weaker-than-expected earnings and announced significant job cuts. Wachovia Corp, a struggling US bank being acquired by Wells Fargo & Co, reported a record third-quarter loss of $23.9 billion. Emerging market stocks, sovereign debt, and currencies all faced intense pressure as investors liquidated positions due to concerns about the global economy. Despite efforts by authorities worldwide to stabilize the financial system, fears of a global recession loomed large. Hungary raised interest rates significantly to protect its currency, the forint. Belarus requested assistance from the IMF, while Ukraine's Prime Minister anticipated receiving substantial financial aid from the IMF. The IMF is also prepared to assist Pakistan and Iceland, which are facing financial challenges. Neil Dougall, chief economist at Dresdner Kleinwort, noted that capital is now flowing back from emerging markets to developed markets. Despite the problems, officials expressed optimism about the financial crisis, which has led to significant rescue efforts from governments worldwide. U.S. Treasury Undersecretary David McCormick stated that the economy may start to recover late next year, emphasizing the need to restore confidence in the financial market. Mervyn King, governor of the Bank of England, suggested that the worst may be over for the financial system, following discussions among Group of Seven nations. He mentioned on Tuesday that we still have a long way to go before achieving stability, but he believes that the plan to strengthen our banking system, both domestically and internationally, will be remembered as a turning point in the banking crisis of the past year. The decrease in U.S. dollar short-term funding costs in London and Asia indicates that banks are starting to rebuild trust in each other. Russia, a growing force, has also shown signs of progress in bank lending, with interbank lending now functioning normally. The rates are decreasing after reaching high levels, with banks beginning to lend to sectors once more. However, it will take two to three weeks for the situation to show signs of improvement, according to First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov as reported by the Financial Times. Despite progress in combating financial collapse, there is a prevailing concern about the worsening global economic conditions. Minutes from the Bank of England's recent meeting revealed a significant deterioration in the UK economy, with Governor King suggesting that the country may be on the brink of its first recession in 16 years. Financial markets were hit with concerns, causing Wall Street to anticipate a negative start with Dow Jones industrial average futures dropping by 259 points, or almost 3 percent. European shares also fell by over 4.4 percent, while Japan's Nikkei average closed down by 6.8 percent. Emerging markets saw MSCI's sector index drop to its lowest point since June 2005, and sovereign debt spreads widened to more than 700 basis points over Treasury yields for the first time since early 2003. Currencies, excluding the forint, were also impacted, with the Turkish lira reaching its lowest value in over two years and South Africa's rand hitting its lowest point in more than 6 years against the dollar. Sanjay Mathur, an economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland in Singapore, stated that they will need to address the challenges of a business cycle downturn, which is likely to be quite severe. A variety of US company reports on Wednesday provided a glimpse of the state of different industries and sectors in the largest economy in the world. Despite this, tobacco companies Philip Morris International and Reynolds American Inc, as well as fast-food chain McDonald's Corp, reported quarterly profits that exceeded analysts' expectations, offering some positive news amidst the overall negative outlook. | 2 |
Michael Strizki is able to heat and cool his house year-round and use power-intensive appliances like a hot tub and a wide-screen TV without paying any utility bills. His traditional-looking home in western New Jersey is the first in the country to demonstrate that a combination of solar and hydrogen power can produce enough electricity for a household. This project, known as the Hopewell Project, is raising awareness about US energy security and the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Gian-Paolo Caminiti from Renewable Energy International believes that there is a psychological benefit in taking action against climate change. Strizki operates a 3,000-square-foot house using electricity produced by photovoltaic cells on a nearby building, an electrolyzer that converts solar power into hydrogen, and hydrogen tanks for storage. During the summer, the solar panels generate more electricity than needed, which is stored as hydrogen for use in the winter. Strizki also uses the hydrogen to power his fuel-cell car, which is environmentally friendly. Solar power is a small contributor to US energy needs, but is growing in popularity and becoming more affordable. As the cost decreases and the search intensifies for clean alternatives to expensive and polluting fossil fuels, some analysts believe that solar energy is set for significant growth in the next five to 10 years. The New Jersey project, which was completed in October 2006 after four years of planning and construction, had a total cost of around $500,000, with $225,000 funded by the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. New Jersey, a strong supporter of renewable energy, has a goal of having 20 percent of its energy generated from renewables by 2020 and currently has the second largest number of solar-power installations in the US, after California. The state's utility regulator endorsed the project as it aligns with the state's renewable energy objectives, according to Doyal Siddell, a spokesperson for the agency. He stated that the solar-hydrogen residence project presents a significant opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. The project received support and resources from various commercial sponsors, including Exide, who donated $50,000 worth of batteries, and Swageloc, an Ohio company that provided stainless steel piping worth around $28,000. Strizki also contributed about $100,000 of his own money. While the initial cost may be prohibitive for most individuals, Strizki and his team emphasize that the project is meant to be easily replicated at a lower cost. After covering the initial research and design expenses, the estimated cost for replication would be around $100,000, according to Strizki. However, Marchant Wentworth from the Union of Concerned Scientists believes this cost is still too high for widespread replication. In order for such installations to become widely adopted, they would need to have the capability to sell extra power to the grid, creating a revenue source that could attract investment, according to Wentworth. Caminiti suggests that the cost of the hydrogen/solar system comes out to around $4,000 per year when the $100,000 cost is spread out over the expected 25-year lifespan. This is significantly higher than the average $1,500 per year that the typical American homeowner spends on energy, as reported by the federal government. Even when factoring in an average of $1,000 per car annually for gasoline costs, the renewable energy option is still more expensive than a combination of grid power and gasoline. For Strizki and his team, the importance of the house goes beyond just financial considerations. It represents a commitment to energy security in a time when the government is trying to decrease reliance on fossil fuels from the Middle East, and it is also a way to maintain a lifestyle without contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. This project is a passion project for Strizki, who has dedicated his life to improving the planet. | 2 |
The Financial Times reported that the Hong Kong government did not provide a reason for their decision to not renew Victor Mallet's work visa. The newspaper stated that this was a unique situation for them in Hong Kong and they have not been given an explanation for the rejection. The Hong Kong government declined to comment on the specific case, stating that the Immigration Department assesses each application based on laws and policies before making a decision. Mallet, a British citizen, serves as the first vice president of the Hong Kong Foreign Correspondents' Club and was the organization's spokesperson during a controversial event in August involving a Hong Kong independence advocate. Foreign journalists and media organizations in Mainland China often face punishment in the form of denied resident work visas. However, Hong Kong, which has stronger protections for civil liberties, has typically been more respectful of free speech. The decision to expel Mallet has caused concern among human rights advocates, who view it as a blurring of the line between Hong Kong and mainland China. According to Maya Wang from Human Rights Watch, this situation is unprecedented as visa rejections for foreign journalists are usually associated with China, not Hong Kong. Jason Y Ng, president of PEN Hong Kong, believes that this move will have an immediate negative impact on freedom of expression in the city. Ng stated that as Beijing continues to redefine what topics are considered sensitive and off-limits, there is a growing pressure for both institutions and individuals to practice self-censorship. This poses a threat to freedom of expression and the free exchange of ideas, ultimately damaging Hong Kong's reputation as an open, international city that upholds the rule of law. Ng also suggested that the expulsion of the Foreign Correspondents' Club was a clear act of retaliation by authorities in response to hosting a talk by Andy Chan, who advocated for Hong Kong's independence. Despite the Hong Kong government's plan to ban Chan's political party, the event was still held, leading to criticism from officials in both Hong Kong and China. Leung Chun-ying, the former top official of Hong Kong from 2012 to 2017, compared the discussion at the Foreign Correspondents' Club to hosting supporters of "racism, anti-Semitism, or Nazism" and suggested that the government should reevaluate the lease of the club's clubhouse in a historic building in central Hong Kong. Victor Mallet, a veteran editor of the Financial Times, stated during Chan's talk that the club viewed it as a regular event related to an important news story in Hong Kong. He noted that the intense interest in the lunch event both locally and internationally reflects the political climate in Hong Kong and Beijing rather than any wrongdoing by the FCC. Last month, Hong Kong banned Chan's political party. According to the law, a person claiming to hold a party position could face up to three years in prison, while anyone providing a meeting place for the group could be imprisoned for up to a year for a first offense. Hong Kong, which has its own immigration policy and internal border with China, has previously denied visas to academics and political activists. In the past, two scholars from Taiwan were refused entry, and in 2014, leaders of Taiwan's protests against a trade bill with China were also denied entry. The recent denial of a visa renewal for a foreign journalist working for The Financial Times suggests an increase in such restrictions. This journalist is the first from The Financial Times to have a visa renewal denied in Hong Kong, and there is no immediate recollection of any other foreign journalist being expelled by human rights and free speech groups. In 2011, Hong Kong authorities denied Chang Ping, a prominent journalist from mainland China, a work visa despite him being offered a job at a Hong Kong newspaper. This kind of treatment towards foreign journalists is more common in mainland China. Megha Rajagopalan, the China bureau chief for BussFeed News, was not granted a new journalist visa this year after reporting on the detention of Uighurs and other Muslim minorities in western China. Ursula Gauthier, a reporter for the French newsweekly L’Obs in Beijing, had her visa renewal denied in 2015 for questioning China's treatment of Uighurs. The New York Times and Bloomberg also faced difficulties in obtaining new journalist visas in China following reports in 2012 on the wealth of Chinese leaders' families. In a speech characterized by confrontation towards China, Vice President Mike Pence criticized the country's limitations on foreign journalists as a tactic by the Communist Party to promote censorship. | 2 |
Bulgarians cast their votes in a parliamentary election on Sunday with hopes of initiating reforms to address widespread corruption and revive an economy that has suffered from the global crisis. Opinion polls suggest that the current Socialist party-led coalition government is likely to lose due to the recession and a culture of impunity for criminals and politicians, which has earned Bulgaria a negative reputation within the European Union. Last year, Bulgaria was punished by losing access to over 500 million euros in EU aid due to corruption. If the polls are accurate, the center-right opposition party led by Sofia Mayor Boiko Borisov, GERB, may have the opportunity to form a new government, possibly through another coalition. Borisov, a former bodyguard turned politician, has vowed to crack down on crime, but there are concerns about his ability to implement reforms effectively in a coalition government. According to pollsters, his party currently receives around 30 percent of the vote, while the ruling Socialists receive about 20 percent. Former teacher Pepa Kozhuharova, 64, expressed her frustration with the government as she voted in a Sofia neighborhood, stating that the country urgently needs change and that corrupt politicians are no longer wanted. Borisov, known for his straightforward nature and nicknamed Batman for his proactive approach, has gained popularity among Bulgarians who are weary of two decades of sluggish reforms. "I voted for Boiko because he is the only person who can speak out against what is wrong and right, and actually act on it," explained Maria Nikolova, 50, in Sofia. The new government needs to act quickly to avoid EU sanctions on aid, which are crucial for Bulgaria's struggling economy, and to attract investors who have left this year. It is uncertain if GERB will have enough votes for a strong majority in the 240-seat chamber, even with their planned coalition partners, the Blue Coalition. Despite the current government's accomplishments of joining the EU, lowering taxes, and maintaining fiscal discipline, critics argue that it has been ineffective and unwilling to break ties between politicians, judges, and criminal leaders. Highlighting the severity of the issue, prosecutors have initiated inquiries into widespread accusations of vote-buying by nearly all political parties ahead of the election, leading to the arrest of at least five individuals on Saturday. Concerns have also been raised by EU nations regarding the involvement of several suspected criminals who registered to run for parliament last month in order to gain temporary immunity from prosecution and release from custody. Bulgaria, impacted by the global financial crisis, has entered a recession following 12 years of economic growth, resulting in significant public demonstrations. The increase in unemployment is putting an end to years of high private consumption which has led to a substantial amount of debt. The economy is projected to contract by 2 percent in 2009, prompting speculation that Bulgaria, along with other former Soviet bloc countries now part of the EU, may request assistance from the International Monetary Fund. Voting commenced at 6 a.m. (11 p.m. EDT on Sunday) and will conclude at 7 p.m., with exit polls expected shortly thereafter. By 6 a.m. EDT, voter turnout stood at 29.3 percent. | 2 |
The World Bank announced on Saturday that the funding will benefit rural communities by reducing poverty and creating new job opportunities. The funds will also support local communities in Cox's Bazar who are hosting Rohingya refugees from Myanmar. World Bank Country Director for Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal, Qimiao Fan, stated that these projects will help rural populations and vulnerable individuals escape poverty while also enhancing the country's ability to withstand climate change. The Sustainable Forests & Livelihoods Project, which will receive $175 million, aims to increase forest cover through collaborative forest management with local communities, planting trees in 79,000 hectares of forest, including a coastal green belt to improve climate change resilience. Madhavi Pillai, a World Bank Senior Natural Resources Management Specialist, stated that the project aims to increase income for approximately 40,000 households in various districts of Bangladesh, including Cox's Bazar where many Rohingya refugees have sought shelter. The project will focus on developing and implementing protected area management plans for 10 Protected Forest Areas, with the participation of community members. The $240 million Sustainable Coastal and Marine Fisheries Project by the World Bank will enhance fisheries management, promote mariculture, and improve aquaculture biosecurity and productivity in 10 coastal districts. Additionally, the project will support female workers through alternative livelihoods, skills development, and nutrition awareness, ultimately improving fisheries management systems, infrastructure, and value chain investments. Milen Dyoulgerov, a World Bank Senior Environment Specialist and Task Team Leader for the project, stated that this will lead to increased productivity and availability of fish. The $100 million additional funding for the Second Rural Transport Improvement Project will assist in repairing rural roads in 26 districts that were affected by heavy rainfall and floods last year. The current project has already fixed over 5,000 km of rural roads, benefiting millions of people by providing access to markets, hospitals, and schools. The funding will prioritize climate-resilience in the planning, design, implementation, and maintenance of the roads. | 2 |
The 16-year-old Swedish activist also addressed a large rally in Montreal, expressing her disappointment in world leaders for failing to meet the expectations of young people with their empty promises and inadequate plans. Thurnberg stated that they will continue striking and protesting until their voices are heard, addressing a crowd estimated to be about half a million people in Canada. Despite being mocked by Trump and criticized by Canadian Member of Parliament Maxime Bernier, Thunberg believes that they are being silenced because their message is threatening to some individuals. "We should view that as a compliment," she said. The climate strikes she sparked began in Asia on Friday and then spread to Europe, following similar strikes the previous week. In New Zealand, tens of thousands of students initiated the movement. In Seoul, South Korea, approximately 500 students called for more government intervention on climate change, marching towards the presidential Blue House following a rally in the city center, where they criticized the government's lack of action. In the Netherlands, thousands of children skipped school to participate in a worldwide climate strike, disrupting traffic and questioning their leaders with the phrase "how dare you?". Matthew McMillan, a 22-year-old mechanical engineering student at Concordia University in Montreal, referenced Greta Thunberg's speech at the United Nations by holding a "Make America Greta Again" poster at a protest. He believes it is the most significant event of their generation. Nine-year-old Xavier Damien Tremblay participated in the protest with his siblings and mother, holding placards and chanting "protect the planet" because they believe their planet is at stake. Trudeau met with Thunberg while she was in Canada during the election campaign, discussing the need for Canada to do more to address the climate crisis. Thunberg emphasized that all politicians, including Trudeau, should listen to and act on scientific evidence regarding climate change. Trudeau has pledged to take further action on climate change, but has faced criticism for his choice to purchase and enlarge a significant oil pipeline in western Canada. During one of his campaign events, a man accused Trudeau of being a climate criminal and was escorted away by police. At a march in Montreal, another man attempted to throw eggs at the prime minister and was swiftly apprehended by law enforcement. Video footage showed Trudeau comforting his scared and tearful son after an incident. Trudeau described his meeting with Thunberg as a "wonderful conversation" where they discussed the urgent need to take more action. Aviation leaders from the United Nations are currently meeting in Montreal to discuss ways to reduce the industry's impact on the environment, as commercial flights contribute 2.5% of carbon emissions and passenger numbers are expected to double by 2037. ICAO expressed support for the recent climate march and emphasized the importance of taking faster and more innovative actions to address aviation's environmental impacts. | 2 |
They appeared to be helpful, but Martha Agbani, the leader of the women, sensed danger. She sharply instructed them to leave it and let the women carry instead. Agbani had encountered these men in Yaataah before and knew that their offer came with a threat: if she didn't pay them, there would be trouble. She was determined to create job opportunities for the women, as she had witnessed the struggles of women from Ogoniland in the oil-rich Niger Delta region who fought against polluting oil companies and faced difficulties being heard over men throughout her life. She was determined to keep men from interfering with her new project of establishing a large nursery to grow mangrove plants to sell to Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria. Agbani, a strong woman with a kind but firm demeanor, aimed to create a business that could benefit women financially and help restore the environment. Mangroves have natural abilities to filter water, prevent erosion, and support aquatic life, which in turn sustains humans. The Niger Delta once had a harmonious relationship with its mangrove ecosystem, but the impact of oil production, crucial for Nigeria's revenue, has led to the destruction of these forests. In 2011, a major report by the United Nations Environment Program highlighted the pollution in Ogoniland and estimated that it could take up to 30 years to clean up. However, the government agency responsible for remediation, the Hydrocarbon Pollution Remediation Project, has been slow to take action. Following two oil spills in 2007 and 2008 that devastated mangrove forests near Bodo, Shell agreed to compensate the community, clean up the oil, and replant the mangroves. Agbani saw an opportunity in this situation, as the company would need a large number of mangroves, which are important for protecting coastlines and providing habitat for marine life in the Niger Delta. She began by planting mangroves in her own yard, and then sought out a suitable location to establish a nursery. This led her to Yaataah, where the once lush mangrove forests had been decimated by past environmental disasters and the invasion of nipa palms introduced by the British. Despite the challenges, she began planning the project's implementation at Yaataah and brought in over 100 female mangrove planters to commemorate its launch in late 2019. However, during the celebration, she encountered difficulties when a group of young men suddenly arrived and demanded money and snacks meant for the women. When she confronted them about the women coming to help restore the land for their mothers and sisters to harvest periwinkles, they responded by physically attacking her. They dragged her from behind, causing the situation to escalate. After this incident, Agbani and her team left Yaataah and did not return for months. Although she decided to relocate the nursery to a different area with the help of a local leader, she still felt a connection to Yaataah. They had a good creek available for practicing planting mangroves directly from seeds in the wild, rather than starting them in plastic grow bags at the nursery in Bodo. In May 2021, the women returned to plant the mangroves, carrying sacks on their heads and wading into the creek barefoot. The water quickly became murky as they stirred up the sediment with their feet. Agbani, 45, laughed as she felt something swirling around her legs and struggled to keep her balance in the muddy water. "Oh, dear, Martha is an elderly lady." The location was ideal, with minimal oil pollution and the sounds of birds, frogs, and crickets still filling the air. Similar to other creeks in the Niger Delta, this one was obstructed by nipa palms, but Agbani had organized for villagers to clear a significant portion of them. The women moved swiftly through the mud to the patch, passing the podlike seeds from hand to hand and planting them at regular intervals under Agbani's guidance. One of the women, Jessy Nubani, sang a popular call-and-response song as they worked, with the other women joining in harmony. The young men returned with their friends on motorcycles, but stayed on shore after receiving a scolding from Agbani. Agbani's activism was influenced by her mother, who was involved in the Ogoni people's fight against the Nigerian government and Shell in the 1990s. She worked alongside her mother for the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, which was established in 1990 to address the environmental destruction caused by multinational oil companies in the region. Agbani was inspired by the work of activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, who was executed by the Nigerian government in 1995. She vividly remembers the day Saro-Wiwa was arrested while she was a student in Bori, his hometown, and witnessed the city's reaction from a hiding spot in a drain. She recounted how chaos erupted as people fled in all directions, with soldiers entering the communities and firing shots in Bori. The violent events, coupled with Saro-Wiwa's advocacy for the oppressed, inspired her to advocate for her community. She noted that while numerous organizations were addressing environmental issues, few were addressing the specific rights of women who were disproportionately affected by oil pollution. She stated that women were constantly crying and being victims of various situations, and she felt the need to empower them. In Ogoniland, men typically go deep-sea fishing while women traditionally gather crustaceans near the shore for soup or to sell. Without mangroves and shellfish to harvest, women become solely dependent on men, which often leads to violence. Agbani believed that the Ogoni people were responsible for preserving the environment for future generations. It saddened her to witness young men from the area hindering and attempting to benefit from the women's work to restore it. She expressed frustration at their lack of understanding of the significance of environmental restoration. Before leaving, the leader of the group threatened to take her to court, which she found amusing and ironic. "That will be a great one," she said as she left Yaataah on a rough road towards the nursery in Bodo. The driver quickly moved out of the way for a group of motorbikes heading towards the village, filled with young men who had come too late to make money as Agbani was already leaving. | 2 |
Bangladesh, the world's second largest producer of jute after India, has found a way to repurpose the "golden fibre" into biodegradable cellulose sheets that can be used to create environmentally friendly disposable bags that resemble plastic ones. Mubarak Ahmad Khan, a scientific adviser to the state-run Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC), led the team that developed the new 'sonali' bags, which have similar physical properties to plastic bags. These bags are biodegradable within three months when buried in soil and can also be recycled. Bangladesh is currently producing 2,000 of these bags daily on a trial basis, with plans to increase commercial production following an agreement with a British company affiliated with a Japanese green packaging firm made last October. In March, Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina encouraged those involved in the project to help accelerate the widespread use of the golden bags for economic and environmental benefits. In April, the government allocated around $900,000 from Bangladesh's climate change trust fund to support the large-scale production of the bags. Mamnur Rashid, BJMC's general manager, stated that they aim to start commercial production of the sonali bag within six months once the project is fully operational. Despite being one of the first countries to ban plastic and polythene bags in 2002, the ban has not been very effective in preventing them from accumulating in water bodies and on land. Currently, over 60 countries, including China and France, have implemented bans on plastic bags in some regions or cities. As the bans on plastic widen, more than 100 Bangladeshi and international firms are considering using the new jute-based shopping sacks, according to Khan. He mentioned that he receives emails or calls daily from buyers in various countries such as Britain, Australia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and France. Sabuj Hossain, director of Dhaka-based export firm Eco Bangla Jute Limited, believes that the bags will have significant demand globally. He mentioned that his company aims to export 10 million of the bags each month in the future. Rashid of the BJMC stated that commercial production is expected to begin towards the end of the year. Khan mentioned that even if all the jute produced in Bangladesh was used to make sacks, the country would only be able to meet one-third of the expected demand. Despite Bangladesh's ban on plastic bags being almost twenty years old, millions of bags are still used each year due to a lack of alternatives and weak enforcement. The government estimates that Dhaka alone uses about 410 million polythene bags per month, leading to a buildup of discarded bags in waterways like the Buriganga River. Quazi Sarwar Imtiaz Hashmi, a former deputy director general of the Department of Environment, believes that the new jute polymer bags will help alleviate pollution issues as they are biodegradable and decomposable. | 2 |
Audrey Withers, the editor who was in charge of commissioning it, was featured in the magazine's November 1941 issue. She appeared composed and neat in a plaid over-shirt and pillbox hat, working with her staff in the magazine's temporary headquarters on New Bond Street, finalizing the issue amidst peeling walls and broken glass. In the accompanying text, she proudly declares, "Here is Vogue, in spite of it all." Withers' words were like a call to action, reflecting the determination of a woman who, since taking over as editor in 1940 at the age of 35, was dedicated to providing readers with a mix of coverage on country estates, city fashion, practical advice on dealing with food shortages and clothing restrictions, and sobering insights into a nation and world at war. Despite her humble beginnings as a copy writer and administrator, Withers emerged as a surprising choice for the position. In her autobiography "Lifespan," published in 1994, Audrey Withers acknowledged that she would not have been a suitable editor for Vogue at any other time in its history. However, her words are finding new relevance in today's world of pandemic, high unemployment, and social unrest. With her left-of-center political views and outspoken nature, Withers was critical of the right-wing tactic of remaining silent to maintain the status quo, while accusing the left of being "political" for advocating change. Julie Summers' biography "Dressed for War" explores Withers' response to the chaotic events of her time and her role as a powerful editor in London. In a challenging publishing landscape, Withers is being seen as a model for a new generation. Audrey Withers, who was once referred to as ‘the most powerful woman in London’ and was photographed by Lord Snowdon in January 1960, was the British Vogue editor until her death at 96 in 2001. Edward Enninful, the current editor of British Vogue, has been compared to her as a champion of inclusivity and social progress. In his July issue, Enninful features three essential workers on the cover - a train conductor, a midwife, and a supermarket clerk - along with a gallery of others inside. This echoes a series by Irving Penn that was commissioned by Withers, which depicted men and women in traditional blue-collar jobs such as a chimney sweep, a cobbler, a fishmonger, and a rag-and-bone man. Enninful acknowledges that Vogue is not known for chronicling everyday life but believes that these essential workers are the perfect representation of the millions of people in the UK who worked tirelessly during the pandemic. This tribute comes at a time of change for fashion magazines. Harper's Bazaar has revealed that Samira Nasr, previously the executive fashion director at Vanity Fair, will take over as editor following Glenda Bailey's departure in January. Nasr will make history as the first black editor of the prestigious Hearst publication. In a video announcing her new role, Nasr expressed her commitment to providing a platform for all voices to share untold stories. Meanwhile, Anna Wintour, editor in chief of American Vogue and artistic director of Condé Nast, is facing scrutiny over issues of race and class, particularly in light of recent leadership changes at Bon Appétit. In his new memoir, "The Chiffon Trenches," André Leon Talley describes former Vogue colleague Anna Wintour as cold and determined, focused only on her own power and survival. Wintour, long rumored to be retiring, has recently made moves to present herself as progressive, endorsing Joe Biden in Vogue and launching a fundraising initiative for designers. Critics argue that it may be time for a new leader in the fashion industry, with some calling for a change in mindset. Picardi suggested that the concept of leadership in society needs to be reimagined. He believes that the idea of one person being above all others is becoming outdated. Ariel Foxman, a writer and brand consultant, also feels that expecting editors to be the leaders in conversations is unrealistic. In a time where media is becoming more democratic, authoritarian magazine editors may no longer be relevant. Samir Husni, the director of the Magazine Innovation Center at the University of Mississippi, believes that the era of celebrity editors is coming to an end. During turbulent times, people are more likely to trust a brand rather than a single editor, according to media consultant Michael Wolf. He believes readers do not necessarily want editors to be seen as role models, but may prefer someone like Diana Vreeland, who was driven by a sense of purpose rather than a desire for fame. Vreeland argued that in times of crisis, fashion magazines should not ignore political issues. In a letter to Woolman Chase, she emphasized the importance of not passively accepting the status quo, but rather actively advocating for change. She supported her belief by sending journalists like Beaton and Lee Miller to the front lines. Withers, born in 1905 into a family of free-thinkers, was educated at Oxford and worked in a bookshop and briefly at a publishing house before joining Vogue. Known as "Austerity" among staff, she encouraged readers to make the most of what they had during times of shortages by growing their own food, preserving, and repairing their clothing. She set an example by only owning a few outfits for work and leisure. When restrictions were imposed on the amount of labor and materials used in civilian clothing, she sought advice from the British Board of Trade to create a range of affordable utility fashions for her readers. She emphasized the importance of simplifying and reducing in fashion, stating that "Subtraction" is a key rule. In response to London's blackouts, she added glowing hatpins and brooches to her pages, as well as stylish gas mask totes. Concerned about female factory workers getting their hair caught in machinery, she promoted short hairstyles. She also took a bold step by assigning Miller to cover the siege of Saint Malo, the liberation of Paris, and the death of Hitler. As Vogue's war correspondent, Miller successfully captured powerful images, including a haunting scene in a bombed-out Normandy village where a dying man was being treated by medical personnel. She recorded the events of the liberation of Buchenwald, including the sight of many emaciated bodies, but only published a small photograph. Withers then hired journalist Jane Stockwood to write about the horrors of Nazi occupation in France, including the lack of basic necessities like food, electricity, and water, as well as the brutal massacre at the village of Oradour-sur-Glane. Despite concerns that this content might not appeal to Vogue readers, Audrey remained committed to ensuring they understood the important political and social issues at hand. This dedication to combining fashion with important social and political issues was seen as a way to revitalize fashion magazines. Picardi noted that separating political and social justice coverage from fashion coverage sends the message that these issues are not connected. "What I have discovered is that they are not." - Copyright 2020 The New York Times Company. | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.