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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Republic of Ireland manager Martin O'Neill has been left sweating over the fitness of winger James McClean ahead of Sunday night's Euro 2016 qualifier against Poland. The 25-year-old Wigan midfielder limped out of training at Gannon Park in Malahide on Tuesday morning with his left ankle heavily strapped, and was immediately taken for a scan. O'Neill later insisted the examination was precautionary, but he was left crossing his fingers over a man who has become a regular in his team. Republic of Ireland's Stephen Quinn and James McClean on the ball during the training session in Malahide . Republic of Ireland's Anthony Stokes and McClean during the training session at Gannon Park . The manager said: 'James has got a sore ankle. He's gone for a scan - precautionary, I hope - but he was just feeling it a little bit. We'll see how he is. 'It didn't happen in training. He felt a little bit sore after yesterday. He thought it might go away, but it's just a bit of a pain across the ankle.' O'Neill will be desperate to have McClean fit for the clash with the surprise Group D leaders with fellow wide-man Aiden McGeady having not played for club Everton since January 31 because of a knee problem, from which he has now recovered, but which has left him short of match fitness. Republic of Ireland's Quinn and Kevin Doyle during the training session at Gannon Park . The 63-year-old, who first worked with McClean during their time together at Sunderland, insists he is yet to pick his team for what could prove to be a pivotal game in the campaign, but admits the former Derry City player has become an important player for him. He said: 'They are all key. We haven't picked the side yet, but James has played exceptionally well for us in most of the games since I have been in charge. Obviously I know him quite well - very well, in fact - and yes, he's a good player for us.' Republic of Ireland's Roy Keane gives instructions during the training session at Gannon Park . O'Neill also has concerns over Burnley full-back Stephen Ward, who was due to undergo a procedure to remove screws used to repair an ankle injury on Monday, while striker Jonathan Walters trained wearing a mask to protect the fractured cheekbone he had repaired recently. Everton midfield duo James McCarthy and Darron Gibson have been nursed through the early part of the week after their exertions on club duty, while skipper Robbie Keane and new squad member Harry Arter have now joined up with the rest of the party. Republic of Ireland's Darren Randolf, David Forde, Cyrus Christie and Richard Keogh during training . Republic of Ireland assistant manager Keane shares a joke as the players train in Malahide, Ireland . | Republic of Ireland winger James McClean could miss Poland clash . Wigan player limped out of training and immediately went for scans . Boss Martin O'Neill insists scans were a precautionary measure . But McClean left training in Malahide with his ankle heavily strapped . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Italy coach Antonio Conte has received death threats from angry fans who blame his training methods for the injury which was initially believed to have ruled midfielder Claudio Marchisio out for the rest of the season. Italy's medical staff announced that Serie A leaders Juventus's Marchisio suffered ruptured knee ligaments during the warm-up for Friday's training session ahead of the Euro 2016 qualifier against Bulgaria on Saturday. 'I saw him (Conte) shaken this morning,' Italian football federation (FIGC) president Carlo Tavecchio told Radio Rai on Saturday. 'After yesterday's controversy, he received death threats on the internet. Italy boss Antonio Conte is 'shaken' after receiving online death threats from Juventus fans . The Italy national team manager has been criticised for pushing his players too hard in training . 'I met with Conte for a long time and he is not calm. All these things have been said on social networks and he feels vilified for something that is not his fault. The FIGC stands by him.' Conte was criticised by John Elkann, the president of the holding company which controls FIAT and Juventus, who said the Italy coach worked the players too hard during the national team's training camps. 'Perhaps he'd like to be remembered as the cherry-picker with the highest number of injuries,' Elkan told Italian media. Former Juventus coach Conte defended his methods. 'I wonder why Elkann didn't ask me that when I was at Juventus? We don't work hard, we work well,' the 45-year-old told a news conference in Sofia ahead of the Euro 2016 qualifier. Italian media reported that Conte was reconsidering his position as Italy coach after the death threats. The Italian FA was not immediately available to comment. Juve midfielder Claudio Marchisio injured ankle ligaments, but will return sooner than first expected . Juventus, however, said Marchisio could be back in action within days. 'After returning from international duty on Friday afternoon, Claudio Marchisio underwent medical examinations conducted by Juventus club doctors and Dr Flavio Quaglia,' the club said in a statement. 'The 29-year-old then underwent an MRI scan on his right knee this evening. The tests ruled positive, excluding the possibility of a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament. Marchisio will now rest, and his condition is to be monitored on a day-to-day basis.' Conte returned Juventus to their former glory before leaving to take charge of the Azzurri . Marchisio underwent his first examination at the Istituto Fanfani in Florence, close to Italy's training ground. 'I spoke to my colleagues in Turin, explained what happened and organised to send the lad straight to the club for further tests,' Italy doctor Enrico Castellaci said. 'Juve gave me the all-clear to make the diagnosis public. That night, I contacted the Juve medics again. Now there are two contrasting test results. Naturally, I'd be very happy if the later test was confirmed. These are the facts.' Castellaci's explanation prompted jokes on social media with Italian media and fans labelling the national team's medical staff as a 'laughing stock'. Italy have won three matches and drawn one to sit second on 10 points in Group H, behind Croatia on goal difference. Bulgaria are fourth with four points. | Italy are set to play Bulgaria in their Euro 2016 qualifier on Sunday . Claudio Marchisio injured ligaments during training but is expected to return in two to three weeks after initially being ruled out for the season . Former Juventus manager Antonio Conte has received online death threats from angry fans . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) Congress held in Paraquay this week has given the first indication that the FIFA presidential election in May might not be a procession to Sepp Blatter’s fifth term in office. The confederation had been expected to give Blatter a unanimous vote of support. But the motion was never put to the 10 delegates, in the knowledge that it would not be fully backed. The South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) Congress was held in Paraguay this week . There were signs that Sepp Blatter may not have the unanimous support of South America . CONMEBOL has long been a Blatter stronghold, but a number of the old guard have been replaced by football federation leaders, including President Juan Angel Napout, who won’t necessarily back Blatter at all costs. The significance of the CONMEBOL snub to Blatter is that it was the first confederation gathering since three genuine challengers —Prince Ali of Jordan, Belgium’s Michael van Praag and Portugal’s former world footballer of the year Luis Figo — declared their candidacy for the FIFA presidency. Blatter’s overwhelming shows of support in Asia and Africa occurred when the FIFA president wasn’t expected to face any realistic opposition. But all the challengers were in Asuncion, Paraquay on the campaign trail. All the challengers, including Luis Figo, were in Asuncion, Paraguay on the campaign trail . Radio 5 Live have made little ballyhoo of their considerable coup in having John Francome on their team for the Cheltenham Festival. Natural broadcaster Francome has done no media work since leaving Channel 4 — where he has been hugely missed — after they changed their racing production company from Highflyer to IMG. BBC’s caution at promoting Francome’s exciting return is understood to be because 5 Live do not yet know how much time he will be available to work. Radio 5 Live have made little fuss of capturing John Francome for their team for the Cheltenham Festival . The disproportionate financial power of the clubs compared to the national ruling body is such that Mike Rigg — a key member of FA technical director Dan Ashworth’s staff at St George’s Park as head of talent identification — can be attracted away to become chief football officer at Championship strugglers Fulham by the offer of nearly four times his FA salary. The FA’s £1.5m-a-year official beer brand deal with Budweiser for the FA Cup until 2018 at least gives them small respite from the scrutiny around their year-long failure to land a lead sponsor — ironically to replace Budweiser — for the most famous club knockout competition in football. The Budweiser contract will also give them exposure on the interview backboards for the quarter-finals at the weekend which were giving the impression that William Hill, the betting partner, were the main sponsor. The FA have a new £1.5m-a-year official beer brand deal with Budweiser for the FA Cup until 2018 . The England Cricket Board are now faced with a number of counties believing the Sky monopoly of cricket must end, with more of the game shown on terrestrial TV to help address falling participation. So, in their wisdom, the ECB have appointed Sky Sports greatest disciple Chris Haynes as their new director of communications — as Sports Agenda predicted. During 24 years as a Sky spokesman, Haynes was seemingly programmed only to be super-positive about his employers. Cheltenham’s former sponsorship chief Peter McNeile fell on his sword two years ago. It came after he told a reporter the Jockey Club, which own the course, were seeking a single, bluechip sponsor from outside the betting industry for three of its top races, including the Cheltenham Gold Cup. Yet all four of the marquee races at the Festival still have bookmaker names attached to them. A Jockey Club spokesman said Cheltenham had three new sponsors from outside the betting industry and were pleased with the portfolio. Tom Scudamore and Dynaste charge away with the Ryanair Steeplechase at Cheltenham Racecourse . Kate Miller, highly combative head of racing PR for William Hill, is leaving the bookmakers after Cheltenham to join agency GolinHarris who conveniently have just renewed their consumer PR contract with William Hill. Meanwhile, the bookmakers have still to appoint a communications director five months after the search started for a job paying as much as £200,000-a-year to the right candidate. | Sepp Blatter may not have full support of CONMEBOL in election . All the FIFA presidential election candidates were at the recent conference . The FA have lost Mike Rigg to Fulham who quadrupled his salary . The FA Cup has a new official beer (it's the same as the old official beer ) |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | These amazing images show the annual nesting session for a giant colony of seabirds in Patagonia, Argentina. Drone footage shows thousands of birds making a home for themselves across a 2,000 square metre (21,528 sq.ft.) beach on the Argentinian coastline. A team of researchers captured more than 5,300 pairs of nesting Imperial Cormorants, as part of a project to record the reproduction habits of the seabirds. Scroll down for video . Amazing scenes: Thousands of birds in a colony of Patagonian seabirds have settled on this Argentinian beach to nest . Bird is the word: A research team used drones to capture the extent of the nesting colony, thought to be more than 5,300 'bird couples' Making babies: In the footage, the Patagonian seabirds can be seen nesting on a 21,528 square foot beach in Argentina . 'We used friendly, funny, cheap and safe drones who made the previous laborious job made by pilots and photographers in the past,' Dr. Flavio Quintana, a leading marine conservation biologist said. 'The results were glorious, several high qualities images from different angles and altitudes allow us to determine, with accurate data, the real number of breeding pairs in different colonies which helps us to understand trends of the Patagonian population.' 'The drone footage shows a huge mixed colony of seabirds, several species nesting at the same site in the coast of Patagonia, Argentina. 'The Imperial Cormorant is a diving seabird that nest along the Patagonian coast of Argentina and Chile and is one of our research target species. Sneaking: A team of researchers photographed the nesting Imperial Cormorants as part of a project to record their reproduction habits . Chick this out: Thousands of birds are getting ready for nightfall as the sun sets over the beach in Patagonia, Argentina . Dr. Flavio Quintana said flying the drones allowed the team to 'determine, with accurate data, the real number of breeding pairs in the colonies' The drone footage shows a huge mixed colony of seabirds, several species nesting at the same site in the coast of Patagonia, Argentina . | Drone captures thousands of bird couples nesting on the coast of Patagonia, Argentina . More than 5,300 pairs of Imperial Cormorants can be seen nesting on a 21,528 square foot beach . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Liverpool owner Tom Hicks is selling his Dallas mansion for a staggering $100millon (£66.5m), although he has dropped his $135m (£90m) asking price. The Texas businessman took control of Anfield with partner George Gillett in February 2007, but almost left the club in administration with debts of over £400m during a damaging three-and-a-half year spell. The conduct of the pair led to rows with then manager Rafa Benitez and former chief executive Rick Parry while disgruntled fans staged large scale protests before Hicks and Gillett eventually sold the club to New England Sports Ventures in October 2010. Former Liverpool owner Tom Hicks is selling his home, the biggest residential property in Dallas . Hicks and business partner took control of Liverpool in 2007 but almost left the club in administration . Fans staged regular protests against the pair before they sold up to New England Sports Ventures in 2010 . Hicks is now selling his home, which is the biggest residential property in Dallas with over 50,000 square feet in the main building, a 6,400-square-foot guesthouse and a 9,194 square-foot recreation building with a full-size movie theatre in the basement. The 25-acre spread, which was completely rebuilt and enlarged in 2000, requires two hours just to be viewed. Brendan Rodgers oversees a training session ahead of Liverpool's FA Cup clash with Blackburn . Raheem Sterling and Steven Gerrard train as the Reds look to continue their impressive form in 2015 . 'Every time I go through it I see something more – there is so much detail. This property takes things to a whole new level,' said estate agent Allie Beth Allman. The three-story house – originally designed by Swiss architect Maurice Fatio – has a conservatory, wine cellar, media room, exercise room and a European-style kitchen with a $65,000 French range. There's a seven-car garage and a full basement under the main house. However, according to the Dallas Morning News, Hicks has dropped the original asking price of $135m, which made it the most expensive residential property for sale in the U.S. three years ago. | Tom Hicks and George Gillett took control of Liverpool in 2007 . US owners almost left club in administration before selling up in 2010 . Hicks has dropped the original asking price of $135m (£90m) to sell his Dallas home, once the most expensive retail property in America . Liverpool face Blackburn in the FA Cup quarter-finals on Sunday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Emre Can was bemused. Brendan Rodgers had been at his most effusive, purring about the German's ability, but his words were unwittingly lost in translation. Eager to promote the giant strides Can had made, Rodgers delved into his lexicon and likened Liverpool's new No 23 to a Rolls-Royce, following a series of effortlessly smooth performances. When his manager's words were relayed, however, there was nothing more than a quizzical look. 'We wouldn't use that expression in Germany, we wouldn't say something like that,' says Can, taking up the story. 'I know a Rolls Royce is a big, luxurious car so I associated it with a positive comment, but I didn't know exactly what it meant. I hadn't heard the comparison before. Liverpool's Emre Can (left) was among an influx of new players brought to Anfield last summer . Can, pictured heading the ball during Liverpool's training session on Friday, has found form in 2015 . Can (right) runs with Steven Gerrard during training ahead of Liverpool's match with Manchester United . 'Then again, I had a feeling it couldn't be so bad if the manager was saying something like that.' This is the first time Can has faced the English media since his £10million arrival from Bayer Leverkusen and he smiles as he relays the anecdote. Initially, Can is withdrawn and lacking confidence but eventually, with the help of an interpreter, he emerges from his shell. In some ways, this interview is a microcosm of how his Liverpool career has been to date. As part of the huge influx of new players last summer, Can failed to make an instant impact and in the early months of the campaign, he did nothing but float on the periphery. Since Christmas, though, the landscape has changed dramatically, both for him and Liverpool. Playing on the right side of a three-man defence, Can has not looked back since his introduction as a half-time substitute at Burnley on Boxing Day. 'I was injured at the beginning of the season and then played against Chelsea (in November),' says Can, referring to a 2-1 defeat in which he scored Liverpool's goal. 'Then I was out of the team until December when I came on (at half-time) against Burnley. Can has faced the English media for the first time since his £10million move from Bayer Leverkusen . Can pictured tackling Wayne Routledge during Liverpool's 1-0 win over Swansea City at the Liberty Stadium . Can has drawn midfield comparisons with Germans Michael Ballack (left) and Bastian Schweinsteiger (right) 'My attitude was not to moan or make a big fuss about it but to keep calm and work hard so that when I got the chance against Burnley I could break into the side. I feel very good feel I have the trust of the manager. I believe I'm doing a good job and that is why I am playing. I'm happy.' Powerful and imposing, Can has a defender's physique but his qualities as a midfielder have drawn comparisons with Michael Ballack and Bastian Schweinsteiger. Given how he has been performing, it seems remarkable Bayern Munich allowed him to move on. Bayern had an option to buy back their Academy graduate from Leverkusen but were content to let Liverpool have him. There are certainly no arguments about that decision at Anfield. Rodgers, for one, believes Can has the ability to 'play for any side in the world'. Can, clearly, is going to be an important figure and an idea of how much the 21-year-old has backed himself to succeed is by the fact he asked to take over the 23 jersey that had been vacant since Jamie Carragher departed in May 2013. Can has looked a different player since Christmas as he continues to thrive under Liverpool boss Rodgers . Can will be among those hoping Liverpool can get revenge over Manchester United on Sunday at Anfield . 'I did want the 23 because there was a high importance here, and I knew about it before I came,' he says. 'It is a big honour to wear it after Carragher retired but I don't feel any extra pressure because of it.' So on to Sunday and the battle with Manchester United. Had things worked out differently, he could have been lining up against Liverpool, as the David Moyes regime scouted Can twice last season but, instead, he will be aiming to derail their top four ambitions. 'I am well aware United will be a tough game and I know about the rivalry,' says Can. 'We have a very young team and need to keep improving. But if we do, there will be good years. I am playing for one of the biggest clubs in the world. I have no regrets about coming here.' | Emre Can was among an influx of new players that signed in the summer . The German was not an immediate hit and it took time for him to find form . Can has become an important player under manager Brendan Rodgers . |
Tell me about the inversion in postcolonial theory | The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing. Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs. Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961) provides an extensive discussion and partial advocacy of inversion in a social context defined by strong binaries. A reversal of the coloniser's monopoly on violence is taken to be necessary to break out of the master–slave dialectic, a learnt sense of cultural inferiority and the learned helplessness of the colonised. The term "inversion woodcuts" also appears in peasant studies as a description of imagery such as an ox killing a butcher (e.g. James Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, 166-72).
The term has become useful as a way of theorising violence. Definitions of terms such as racism and sexism are contested, and theorists who use structural or institutional definitions thus refuse to typify actions against members of structurally dominant groups by structurally subordinate groups, or prejudicial beliefs against members of dominant groups, with these terms. Actions such as Palestinian suicide bombing, the 9/11 attacks, land reform in Zimbabwe, the writings and actions of Valerie Solanas and SCUM, and what are treated by the state as racially motivated crimes against white people, would be examples of cases where the term would be used. Ward Churchill's essay On the Justice of Roosting Chickens is an example of this kind of analysis from an author sympathetic to inversion.
Attaching positive values to an essence of the oppressed, as in some black-consciousness and Afrocentric ideas, would also be an instance of inversion, especially to critics. Edward Said argues against this inversion, suggesting that "in Post-colonial national states, the liabilities of such essences as the Celtic spirit, négritude, or Islam are clear: they have much to do not only with the native manipulators, who also use them to cover up contemporary faults, corruptions, tyrannies, but also with the embattled imperial contexts out of which they came and in which they were felt to be necessary" (Culture and Imperialism 16). | The term derives from studies of modalities of resistance by the Subaltern Studies school, but reflects concerns pervasive from the earliest days of post- and anti-colonial writing.
Ranajit Guha refers to inversion as one of the modalities of peasant revolt in colonial India, noting practices such as forcing landlords to carry peasants on Sedan chairs. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Zealand coach Steve Hansen flew out of Dublin three weeks ago bemoaning boring European rugby. After Saturday’s spectacular conclusion to the 2015 Six Nations, you hope his television wasn’t on the blink at his home in Christchurch and that he caught every single second of an engrossing 240 minutes spread across the three round five matches. It was breathtaking. The three teams who entered denouement day on six points apiece — England with a +37 points difference, Ireland +33 and Wales +12 — all wound up on eight points each but with one crucial photo finish difference — Ireland’s calculus was revised upwards to +63, six better than England’s +57 and 10 clear of Wales’ +53. Mere numbers, though, can’t properly tell the tale of this nerve-shredding afternoon where credit must go to Wales for transforming a slender 14-13 interval lead in Rome into the 61-20 thrashing and igniting the subsequent thirst for points at Murrayfield and Twickenham. Jonny Sexton (left) and Paul O'Connell (right) arrive at Dublin Airport with the trophy fully in their grasp . Ireland's fans got a chance to touch the coveted Six Nations trophy outside Dublin Airport . When it all ended, with England a metre short of the French line in forlorn search of the title-clinching converted try, Hansen’s eyes should have been watering with the wonder of it all. Boring? No way. A whopping 27 tries — after just 36 in the four previous rounds’ dozen games — in a 221-point attacking rugby harvest. Amazing. Pivotal moments were numerous. With eight-try Wales 48 points clear of Italy, a margin that would have set Ireland the target of a 28-point win in Edinburgh, a vital late twist had the air of 2007 revisited (Italy scored a late try eight years ago to cut Ireland’s margin and France won the title by a points difference of +4). Azzurri winger Leonardo Sarto proved unstoppable from his 10-metre line, touching down on 79:24 for the converted try that saw Ireland’s desired goal suddenly become a more manageable 21. Rob Kearney (centre) holds the Six Nations trophy in front of a mixture of youthful and experienced fans . Having scored just four tries in 320 minutes, they doubled that tally through Paul O’Connell’s fifth-minute opener and Sean O’Brien’s 25th and 72nd-minute brace either side of Jared Payne’s 50th-minute effort. Then, Jamie Heaslip won a seemingly lost cause, marvellously knocking the ball from Stuart Hogg as he went to ground for a consolation Scotland try. It set England the chase of a 26-point victory and they fell short, referee Nigel Owens penalising them on 80:12 at a ruck for sealing off. Ireland were champions and it was just as well. If England had pounced for that deciding converted try, the finger of blame would have been pointed in Scotland at both Johnny Sexton and Ian Madigan. With Ireland 20 points ahead and needing another score to jump ahead of Wales on the table, Sexton inexplicably missed two penalty kicks in quick succession. Jamie Heaslip (centre) poses for a photograph with a young fan after returning to Ireland . The first effort, from in front of the posts close in, collided with an upright and the second, from the 10-metre line, drifted wide to the right. He eventually recomposed himself, landing the pole-taking penalty on 62 minutes before signing off nine minutes later with cramp having energetically applied pressure to earn the lineout that was a foundation for the revitalised O’Brien’ s second try. There was still time for another sloppy penalty miss, a nervous Madigan pulling his close-in attempt to the left, but it would have been cruel had this hat-trick of missed penalties come back to haunt them a few hours later. Unlike Wales, who needed a last-second penalty to secure a one-point Stadio Olimpico half-time lead, and unlike England, 15-10 in arrears until the 27th minute in London, Ireland hit the front early and resolutely stayed there against the winless Scots, their only defensive aberration being Rob Kearney’s error which left Robbie Henshaw defending a three-on-one overlap down the blindside of the ruck for Finn Russell’s converted try on the half hour. Ireland were crowned Six Nations winners after a dramatic final day that saw them edge England and Wales . Other than this repeated weakness in shackling breakdown ball quickly shifted from right to left (France and Wales scored against them in the same corner and England came within a whisker of doing the same), Ireland fixed the issues that betrayed them in Wales. They didn’t get stuck at the Murrayfield ruck, didn’t start lethargically, didn’ t trail by a dozen points 14 minutes in due to poor indiscipline, didn’t tactically kick inaccurately and didn’t blow up damagingly at the lineout due to talismanic O’Connell taking on the responsibility of calling a plethora of ball on himself. Exuding pride in his team’s resilience to overcome the disappointment of blowing their Grand Slam chance, Joe Schmidt hailed his skipper for grabbing the team by the scruff of the neck post–Wales and engineering the title-winning response. Ireland powered to a 40-10 victory over Scotland at Murrayfield that won them the Six Nations title . England beat France 55-35 at Twickenham but it wasn't enough to overhaul Ireland . ‘You could see them starting to bounce back on Thursday. I texted the players on Tuesday and just said, “Training wasn’t flash today but get a day’s rest and let’s start from scratch on Thursday and really launch ourselves into this last challenge”,’ he said. That 24-word missive had the desired effect. ‘You know when you ask something of them they are going to give it their very best shot. It’s funny, we took a fair bit of confidence out of Cardiff. ‘You give Wales a 12-point head start, a Lions pack team, get to within four and really put pressure on them — that in its own way gave us a little bit of confidence even though we didn’t get the result.’ Seven days later, that Grand Slam-destroying outcome was forgotten. Ireland were back-to-back champions for the first time in 66 years and their spontaneous celebrations, just like the calibre of their rugby, were anything but boring and anything but one dimensional. | Ireland win Six Nations on points difference from England and Wales . A 40-10 victory for Ireland at Murrayfield was enough to win the title . New Zealand coach Steve Hansen had called European rugby boring . England fell just short in their attempts to overhaul Ireland . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roberto Martinez has encouraged Everton’s squad to make history and overcome the problems he believes are preventing English clubs from thriving in Europe. Everton’s sole European trophy came in the 1985 European Cup- Winners’ Cup and Martinez wants to mark that anniversary by guiding his team to the Europa League final. They will reach the last eight by avoiding defeat against Dynamo Kiev on Thursday night. Given how wretched their domestic form has been, few would have thought Everton could be the Barclays Premier League’s last European representatives and Martinez feels they have overcome huge obstacles to get this far. Everton boss Roberto Martinez has expressed concerns over the quality of Dynamo Kiev's pitch . Everton players train ahead of their Europa League round of 16 second-leg with Dynamo Kiev . Everton currently lead the tie 2-1 on aggregate following their win at Goodison Park in the first-leg . Premier League sides have won only five of the 28 European trophies possible since the turn of the millennium and the manager believes the punishing nature of the domestic competition is taking its toll. ‘Our British competition demands every game to be 100 per cent,’ said Martinez. ‘Teams that play in other leagues in Europe, they cruise through games and get through at 50 per cent. It is unfair on British teams. ‘A break in the winter would enable the players to regenerate and refresh — a key period in the season is February and March so I think the biggest teams are a little bit unfairly treated. The answer is clear — you need to have a bigger squad at this level where you can make five or six changes to keep the team performing at the same level. With the pitch covered up, Everton players are made to train on the running track that surrounds it . A cold night in Kiev awaits Everton as they look to protect their 2-1 lead from the first leg . Martinez has warned that the poor quality pitch could be a problem for both Everton and Dynamo Kiev . ‘I find playing Thursday and Sunday is tough. The Europa League teams should play at least at 4pm, and also be given as many home games as possible after they have been away. We should protect our teams a bit more, otherwise we shoot ourselves in the foot.’ Progress in Kiev will not be straightforward. Everton were unable to train on the Olympic Stadium pitch last night as it was covered in huge white tarpaulins and had heat lamps ready to repair a surface reported to be rain-sodden. Martinez, however, is not going to use the pitch as an excuse, as he is far more anxious about the threat Dynamo pose. Sergei Rebrov’s side have not lost at home this season but Everton will not be cautious in their approach. An Everton coach leads the players in a series of stretches on the running track around the pitch . Leighton Baines (left) sretches alongside Everton team-mate Luke Garbutt (right) at the Olympic Stadium . ‘We have got great memories of being in Europe this season,’ said Martinez. ‘This experience has been fantastic and we want to progress. ‘It is an opportunity, something for us to enjoy rather than fear. We want to show everyone what we can do.’ There is little doubt the 2-1 first-leg win against Dynamo, followed by a 3-0 dismantling of Newcastle, has improved the atmosphere in the squad and helped restore confidence. ‘It was brilliant to get those two results back to back,’ said Everton defender Seamus Coleman. ‘We haven’t been happy with our league form but it is turning. ‘We played ever so hard to get into this competition. Our goal at the start was to win it. It has been a long time since the club won anything and it would be nice if we could change that.’ | Roberto Martinez is concerned about the quality of Dynamo Kiev's pitch . Everton take on Dynamo Kiev in the Europa League last 16 . The Toffees currently lead the tie 2-1 from the first leg . Martinez says the poor condition of the pitch will cause problems . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chris Brunt hopes Sunday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Finland can be the first in a series of Windsor wonders for Northern Ireland. The West Bromwich Albion midfielder has his eyes on his side’s first European Championship finals appearance but Belfast has not always been a happy hunting ground of late. ‘Our home form wasn’t great in the last campaign,’ Brunt admitted. Chris Brunt is keen to turn Windsor Park into a fortress to help Northern Ireland qualify for Euro 2016 . ‘We have started this campaign well with two away wins, but the home win over the Faroes was also an important result. ‘To build on that would be great. ‘In the last few years, those games were the ones that have tended to let us down. Hopefully we can take that on and carry it on in our remaining four home games and we’ll have a great chance of qualifying.’ The West Brom star is hoping to lead his country into Euro 2016 and they currently lie second in the qualifiers . | Chris Brunt wants to turn Windsor Park into a fortress for Northern Ireland . The West Brom star faces Finland in the Euro 2016 group F qualifier . Northern Ireland are currently second with six games remaining . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Terry Gibson is sitting in a restaurant in Wimbledon, recalling the 12 absurd and wonderful chapters of his life that were spent in this part of town. ‘It was nuts,’ he says. ‘You didn’t need Fash and Jonesy to lie about what went on — the reality was mad enough.’ In time, Gibson will come back to the sore point of how the Wimbledon side of the Eighties was represented in a recent documentary. Terry Gibson laughs whilst recalling his eventful spell playing for Wimbledon's Crazy Gang . He will address the myth that the Crazy Gang was ruled by the bullying of John Fashanu and Vinnie Jones, even if there is a memory of the former stripped to his underpants and covered in baby oil ahead of a dressing-room fight. But, for now, Gibson wants to laugh rather than seethe. The little striker, who won the Cup, once told Alex Ferguson where to go and pocketed £200 for scouting Pablo Zabaleta, wants to present a fuller picture of life at Plough Lane. ‘I remember Dennis Wise,’ he says. ‘Just after we won the FA Cup in 1988 players were getting sold and he was desperate for Bobby Gould to give him a big move. We went on a trip to Sweden and he’s bought a load of fireworks. Back at the hotel, Wisey is letting them off from the fifth floor into a crowded street. The locals are running for cover. Unbelievable. Bobby knew he was trying to force a move and wouldn’t budge. Just another day at Wimbledon.’ The Wimbledon players celebrate having won the 1988 FA Cup at Wembley against favourites Liverpool . Gibson poses for the camera when speaking to Sportsmail's Riath Al-Samarrai about his career . Gibson laughs. ‘There was a time when Fash was telling the newspapers he was getting threatening letters at the training ground,’ he says. ‘We all knew it was rubbish so one day I cut out letters from a newspaper, like in the films, and spelled, “Meester Fash, we are watching your every move”. I slipped it in his pocket and when he found it he starts panicking. He disappears with his big mobile phone and the next day’s papers say Fash has had another threat. He always was a drama queen.’ Gibson adds: ‘My first day at the club, I saw Wisey pinching the Volkswagen badge off Vinnie Jones’s dad’s truck. Vinnie was panicking that his dad was going to kill him. ‘There were a lot more laughs than people might have thought based only on the documentary.’ John Fashanu, in action during his Wimbledon playing days, was certainly a character in the Crazy Gang . Gibson, like most associated with the programme, The Crazy Gang, has taken exception to claims from Fashanu that he was ‘the leader’ and ruled by fear. ‘The truth is we tolerated Fash,’ says Gibson, who spent six years at the club. ‘He was a bit of a clown. He was the perfect player for us but he always tried to present himself as something he wasn’t, even then. ‘Yes, you had to be very tough to survive at the club. Grown men would cry. But there was so much more to how Wimbledon achieved what we did. For Fash to imply he controlled our dressing room with intimidation is just false. ‘Of course there were fights but Fash exaggerated. Jonesy told the story about Fash locking the dressing room and throwing an unnamed player against a bench and splitting his leg open. Stitches, etc. Gibson was former team-mate Lawrie Sanchez's assistant at Wycombe, Northern Ireland and Fulham . ‘The lad was Robbie Turner and, as I remember it, Fash strips to his pants and covers himself in baby oil. They slipped around a bit and no punches were thrown. Yes, Robbie badly injured his calf on the bench but it was not split open with blood everywhere. ‘The stories were all embellished. It was no Mafia, it was more a boarding school of very naughty boys.’ A deeper perspective is found in Gibson’s new book, Giant Killer. It’s a wonderful autobiography, self-written across three years. The book charts his rise from Tottenham, to Coventry, to Manchester United and on to the high points at Wimbledon, before Gibson became Lawrie Sanchez’s assistant at Northern Ireland, Fulham and Wycombe. The 52-year-old, in action for Wimbledon (right) works for Sky Sports, commenting on Spanish football . ‘The game changed a bit in those three decades,’ he says. ‘When Spurs signed me as a kid they offered my parents a holiday and I was hoping they would choose somewhere abroad — they asked for this camp in Dovercourt! At least the club sent a limo.’ It was at Coventry that Gibson played alongside Sam Allardyce and Stuart Pearce. ‘We went to Bisham Abbey once,’ Gibson says. ‘Pearce and Micky Adams were sharing and Ashley Grimes was in with Sam. We’d all had a drink one night. ‘Somehow Micky and Pearcie got into the others’ room at something like 3am and tossed all their gear in the courtyard. Sam and Grimes go to fetch it but get locked out in the rain. God, they were out there for maybe an hour. Sam was getting all this abuse, Pearcie and Micky calling him a northern so-and-so and laughing at him, saying, “No wonder Millwall got rid of you”. Wimbledon players in training during the Crazy Gang era with Fashanu (centre) and Vinnie Jones . ‘Next thing there is a huge crash. Sam has found a fire extinguisher and thrown it through their window. I can still hear Sam saying, “Oh s***. I didn’t mean it. It slipped”. Priceless.’ After three good years at Coventry, Gibson joined Manchester United for a difficult 18 months, in which he repeatedly felt ‘belittled’ by Ron Atkinson. ‘You could see the glow of his sunbed from the training pitch,’ Gibson says. ‘He just picked on me for reasons I never understood.’ At one point, Gibson pulled out of a move to Watford because he correctly anticipated Atkinson would be sacked and a fresh start might await. Atkinson’s exit meant Alex Ferguson’s arrival. ‘Alex was always honest with me — a good man,’ Gibson says. ‘I got the hairdryer once after a reserve game and told him to shove it all up his a***. Gibson endured a difficult 18 months at Manchester United (left) and was brought to Wimbledon in 1987 . ‘The next morning I went to apologise and he said he admired my spirit. I liked him but it never worked out for me at United.’ Gould brought Gibson to Wimbledon in 1987 — the manager allegedly ate 12 sheep testicles to get Sam Hammam to sanction the move — and his playing career re-started. ‘I could have done a book on Wimbledon alone,’ he says. In retirement Gibson went on to form a fine coaching partnership with Sanchez at Northern Ireland, which included capping Jonny Evans from United after ‘my son realised from playing Championship Manager on the computer that he was eligible for us’. Gibson has detailed his eclectic career in a book called Giant Killer, which is available at terrygibson.london . In a career of surreal moments, it seems about right. There was also a £200-a-week scouting position for Manchester City in Spain that saw him recommend Zabaleta. ‘The club did OK out of it,’ he says. These days the 52-year-old commentates on Spanish football for Sky and is happy to be out of the thick of it. ‘I think I’ve had probably enough of that craziness in my life,’ he says. He’s probably right. Terry Gibson’s book Giant Killer is available at www.terrygibson.london . | Former Wimbledon striker Terry Gibson talks about the Crazy Gang . Gibson helped Wimbledon beat favourites Liverpool in the 1988 FA Cup final . The 52-year-old commentates on Spanish football for Sky Sports . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Four people have been sentenced to death in Tanzania after brutally murdering a young albino woman in order to harvest her body parts as good luck charms. Zawadi Mangidu, 22, was killed in north-western town of Geita by a group that included her husband, who is among those due to be executed. There is no guarantee the death penalties will ever actually be carried out, however, as the east African nation has had a moratorium on executions for the past 21 years. The conviction comes just days after Tanzania's President Jakaya Kikwete promised to end a wave of killings of albinos, saying the witchcraft-related murders are shaming Tanzania. Innocent victims: More than 40 albinos have been killed in Tanzania since 2007 - but the government insists it is taking action to end the murders . Activists say attackers have killed at least 75 albinos in Tanzania since 2000 to use their body parts in rituals. 'We will not allow things to escalate as they did in previous years,' Kikwete said in a national address on Monday. 'I believe that with close cooperation between the government and society, we will succeed in ending these killings of persons with albinism and rid our nation of this shame.' There are about 200,000 albinos in Tanzania, most of them easily recognisable as they lack pigment in their skin, eyes and hair. Witch doctors often tell clients that albino body parts will bring them luck in love, life and business. Similar beliefs exist in other African societies, but activists say attacks on albinos are particularly prevalent in Tanzania, where one in every 1,400 people is affected, compared with one in 20,000 in the Western world. Activists say attackers have killed at least 75 albinos in Tanzania since 2000 to use their body parts in rituals . At least 50 people died and dozens were hurt in heavy rains and floods in Tanzania's northwest, a senior official said Wednesday. Torrential rains, hail and high winds hit Kahama district in Shinyanga region late on Tuesday, injuring at least 82 people. 'At least 50 people are now confirmed dead,' Shinyanga's regional commissioner, Ally Rufunga said. 'More bodies of victims believed to have been swept by floods were found in the area and others died in hospital while receiving treatment,' he said, updating a previous death toll of 38. A statement from the office of President Jakaya Kikwete expressed his 'shock and extreme grief' at the disaster. Officials said an estimated 3,500 people in the region, a poor farming area south of Lake Victoria and near the Serengeti game reserve, had been affected by the flooding. 'It is a false belief that if someone has the body part of a person with albinism, this will bring success in business, fishing and mining activities. This is what has been fuelling this ongoing evil,' Kikwete said. Tanzanian police on Monday banned a planned demonstration by the Tanzania Albinism Society in the country's commercial capital, Dar es Salaam, citing security reasons. But Kikwete said he had agreed to meet albino leaders next week to discuss possible solutions to the killings. Kikwete said more than 40 albinos have been killed since 2007 but insisted that his government was taking action to end the murders. He did give details on how the government would stop the killings. The murders have been concentrated in gold-rich regions and fishing communities surrounding the country's Lake Victoria area where superstitious beliefs are rampant. Activists say most attacks are not reported to the police. | Zawadi Mangidu, 22, was killed by a gang in north-western town of Geita . Her husband was among the group who carried out the savage attack . Group killed Mrs Mangidu so they could sell her body parts as charms . All four now face execution as Tanzania cracks down on albino murders . 75 people suffering from albinism have been brutally murdered in the east African nation over the past 15 years . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A quick descent. No distress call. The pilot's actions. It will be months, or longer, before the causes behind Tuesday's crash of Germanwings Flight 4U 9525 are known, but there are initial clues that aviation experts say will be the most important to investigators. Speculation comes in the wake of any tragedy such as this, but experts say certain facts can be significant for those who want to know what happened. The most useful clues so far: . One of the plane's "black boxes" has been recovered, the French interior minister said. The data recorder will be the most useful in determining the cause of the crash. Its contents are still unknown, but it is a good sign that it was found just hours after the crash. France's aviation accident investigation bureau will examine the device immediately, the interior minister said. Real-time flight data available to the public tells a key part of the story. According to online flight trackers, the Germanwings plane had been flying at 38,000 feet when, about 30 minutes into the trip, it started descending. Six minutes later, it was recorded at 24,000 feet -- a drop of 14,000 feet. It continued to descend after that -- it's last recorded altitude was 11,400 feet. The rate of descent indicates that the pilot was still controlling the plane to some extent, CNN aviation analyst Mary Schiavo said. If the engines had stalled, the plane would have crashed in less time, she said. Departure: Barcelona, Spain, at 10:01 a.m. (26 minutes late) Destination: Scheduled to land in Dusseldorf, Germany, at 11:39 a.m. Passengers: 150 (144 passengers, six crew members) Airplane: Airbus A320 (twin-jet) Airline: Germanwings (budget airline owned by Lufthansa) Flight distance: 726 miles . Last known tracking data: 10:38 a.m. Last known speed: 480 mph . Last known altitude: 11,400 feet . Last known location: Near Digne-les-Bains, France, in the Alps . Sources: CNN and flightaware.com . The initial data about the plane's descent means that the pilot could have been trying to make an emergency landing, or that the plane was gliding with the pilot's guidance, Schiavo said. A scenario where the plane was gliding is potentially more dangerous because wide fields for landing would be hard to come by in the mountains, she said. Another aviation analyst, David Soucie, said the quickness of the descent shows something went wrong, but also that the plane was not out of control. The plane was descending "faster than an elevator at that point. You're feeling it down. It's pulling you down, and you can sense that," Soucie said. A telling piece of data is that the plane maintained speed as it descended, he said. It could show that the pilot was aware that something was wrong and was controlling the speed as the plane went down. "It was a controlled descent, and there was something that had gone wrong that he had no control over or he would have controlled it," Soucie said. The data on air traffic accidents are clear: A majority of accidents happen upon takeoff or landing. According to the Federal Aviation Administration, even though 83% of a plane's flight time is taken up with the climb, cruise and descent phases, less than 16% of accidents happen during this period. Soucie described the timing of the crash as an "anomalous thing that happened." It is "incredibly rare to happen in the middle of the flight," he said, meaning the pilot would have to act fast. Contrary to some early reports, the French Civil Aviation Authority told CNN that the crew of the Germanwings plane did not issue a distress call. It was air traffic controllers who sent out a distress call after radio contact with the plane was lost. The lack of an emergency call can raise a red flag to a nonpilot. Why would a pilot not alert someone that there is an emergency? Does it hint to an incursion in the cockpit or a pilot's motives? It might sound counterintuitive, but calling for help is not the first thing on a pilot's checklist when things go wrong. Soucie said the principle that a pilot follows during an emergency is this: Aviate, navigate and communicate. In other words, before turning on a distress call or transponder, the pilot's first concern is to fly the plane, and secondly, to find the safest option for a crash landing, if it comes to that. The Germanwings pilot "was definitely aviating and navigating from what we can tell," Soucie said. The pilot was conceivably looking for a place to try to land, he said. A distress call -- had it happened -- could have signaled a different story. Schiavo explained that there are codes that pilots have -- certain words that if uttered by the pilot indicate to air traffic controllers that there is a hijacking. The initial reports are that there was no hijack code transmitted from the plane. A big part of determining the cause of the crash will be whether such a code was sent or not. "I don't think you'd rule anything out at this point," CNN aviation analyst Miles O'Brien said. "It's not like it appears as if it was an in-flight breakup. So what was going on in the cockpit is what we're going to be talking about in the coming days." O'Brien pointed out the known details of the crash -- a rapid descent, no radio call and a flight that continues into the mountains -- are not part of a "typical emergency scenario." There were no reported weather issues during the plane's flight, but that does not mean you can rule these out as a possible cause, pilot and CNN aviation analyst Les Abend said. One thing Abend was looking at was a cold front progressing in the area where the plane was. It indicated some precipitation at lower altitudes. So there may not have been bad weather at the cruising altitude, but "at lower altitudes, as they were beginning the descent, their visibility may have been obscured," Abend said. Reduced visibility in and of itself is not a huge issue, but the weather may have deteriorated as the plane descended and be a possible factor in the crash, he said. | CNN aviation analyst says this is not a typical emergency incident, but all possibilities are part of probe . The cause behind the crash of the Germanwings plane is unknown . There are early clues, however, that will be key to investigators . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)CNN has learned that the manufacturer of the endoscope involved in two superbug deaths at UCLA never obtained permission to sell the device, according to an official at the Food and Drug Administration. Olympus started selling its TJF-Q180V duodenoscope in 2010, but the FDA didn't notice until late 2013 or early 2014 that the company had never asked for clearance to put it on the market, according to Karen Riley, deputy director of strategy for the FDA's Office of External Affairs. "Why didn't we notice it? I don't know," Riley said. "Can you imagine a prescription drug getting out on the market that didn't go through the approval process?" asked Dr. Steven Nissen, the chief of cardiovascular medicine at the Cleveland Clinic, who's testified to Congress about device safety problems. "Devices need to be regulated more vigorously. This is really disturbing." In a statement, Olympus said it didn't think needed the FDA's permission to sell the device, but now at the request of the agency, it has applied for that permission. That application is still pending. Seven hospital patients at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center were infected with the deadly superbug CRE -- also known as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae -- from October to January, according to hospital officials. Two of those patients died. The patients caught CRE after routine endoscopic treatments. Hospital officials believe two medical scopes that still carried the deadly bacteria even after disinfection guidelines were followed were the cause of the superbug outbreak. The medical center has contacted 179 others who had endoscopic procedures between October and January and is offering them home tests to screen for the bacteria. Four other patients at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles have also been infected with the superbug linked to a contaminated duodenoscope, according to a statement released by the hospital. The medical scope was used in all four patients, between August and January 2015. Sixty-four other patients who had a duodenoscope procedure with that particular scope are being informed by mail, "out of an abundance of caution." According to FDA rules, a manufacturer must seek clearance for a new model if it includes changes that "could significantly affect the safety or effectiveness of the device." The TJF-Q180V duodenoscope, used to check out ducts in the gastrointestinal system, includes a modification to the exact part of the device that's been implicated in the superbug outbreaks. With this new model, Olympus sealed up that part of the device, known as the elevator channel, hoping to make it more impervious to infection. "The company clearly made these modifications to make the device safer, but it seems to be that it wasn't safer," Riley said. Last year, at the FDA's request, Olympus applied for permission to sell the scope. That application is still pending. Riley emphasized that duodenoscope procedures can be lifesaving, so the agency doesn't want to take them off the market. "More than 500,000 of these procedures are done every year in the U.S., and the risk of bacterial transmission is actually really very, very low," she said. "We believe the benefits outweigh the risks." In its statement, Olympus wrote: "The emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms is a challenge to the entire health care community. Olympus is working with relevant medical societies and our customers in research of this emerging issue and the development of additional safeguards to prevent infection associated with [duodenoscope procedures]." Riley noted that the other two duodenoscope manufacturers, Pentax and Fujifilm, did apply for and were granted clearance to market models similar to Olympus' TJF-Q180V. Now the FDA is asking all three companies to submit evidence that the scopes can be thoroughly cleaned -- and so far it's not going well. Riley said twice the companies have submitted data that failed to show that cleaning could get rid of 99.9999% of all microbes on the scope -- the FDA's standard for disinfection. "We're still working with them to get good data," she said. Riley said she doesn't know if the FDA will penalize Olympus for selling the device without permission. Diana Zuckerman, a device safety expert, said they should. "It's like with kids. How do you teach your children to behave if there are no consequences when they misbehave?" she said. | FDA official says Olympus never got permission to sell its endoscope . Medical device is connected to CRE outbreak in California that's left two people dead . |
Summarise the biography of Andrew Huberman and his most popular achievements. | Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist and tenured associate professor in the department of neurobiology and psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine who has made contributions to the brain development, brain plasticity, and neural regeneration and repair fields. Much of his work is focused on the visual system, including the mechanisms controlling light-mediated activation of the circadian and autonomic arousal centers in the brain, as well as brain control over conscious vision or sight.[better source needed] Huberman has been credited with coining the term "Non-Sleep Deep Rest" (NSDR), which he earlier referred to as Yog Nindra, which is to practices that place the brain and body into shallow sleep to accelerate neuroplasticity and help offset mental and physical fatigue.[better source needed]
Graduate and postdoctoral research
From 1998 to 2000, Huberman worked in the laboratory of Irving Zucker, as well as working with Marc Breedlove, at University of California, Berkeley, as part of a team that defined how early androgen exposure impacts development, and he performed the first experiments defining the structure of binocular visual pathways that set the circadian clock in the hypothalamus. From 2000 to 2004, working as a PhD student in the laboratory of Barbara Chapman at the Center for Neuroscience at the University of California, Davis, Huberman discovered that neural activity and axon guidance molecules work in concert to ensure proper wiring of binocular maps in the brain. Huberman was a Helen Hay Whitney postdoctoral fellow researcher in the laboratory of Ben A. Barres from 2005 to 2010.
Huberman was an assistant professor of neurobiology and neuroscience at University of California, San Diego, from 2011 to 2015. His lab pioneered using genetic tools to study the visual system function, development and disease. Among the Huberman Lab's discoveries was the finding that specific types of retinal neurons degenerate early in glaucoma a common blinding disease depleting sight in over 70 million people, for which there is no cure.
After moving to Stanford in 2016, Huberman discovered and published the use of non-invasive methods such as visual stimulation to enhance regeneration of damaged retinal neurons, leading to partial recovery from blindness, especially when the stimulation is paired with specific forms of gene therapy. The work was covered extensively in the popular press, including Time magazine and Scientific American and is part of the National Eye Institute's Audacious Goals Initiative to restore vision to the blind[citation needed]. The Huberman Lab extended those findings to develop a human clinical trial using virtual reality technology to stimulate regeneration and plasticity of damaged retinal and other visual system neurons.
In 2017, the Huberman Lab created a virtual reality platform for probing the neural mechanisms underlying pathological fear and anxiety. That work involved collecting 360-degree video of various fear-inducing scenarios such as heights and claustrophobia as well as atypical fear-inducing situations such as swimming with great white sharks. The Huberman VR platform is aimed at making discoveries that will lead to developing new tools for humans to adjust their state in order to promote adaptive coping with stress. The first installment of that work was published in Current Biology, in 2021 as a collaboration with neurosurgeon and neuroscientist Edward Chang (UCSF), wherein they reported that specific patterns of insular cortex brain activity correlate with and may predict anxiety responses.
In May, 2018, Huberman Laboratory published an article in the journal Nature reporting its discovery of two new mammalian brain circuits: one that promotes fear and paralysis, and another that promotes "courageous"/confrontational reaction, to visually-evoked threats. That discovery prompted the now ongoing exploration of how these brain regions may be involved in humans suffering from anxiety-related disorders such as phobias and generalized anxiety.
In 2020, Huberman initiated a collaboration with the laboratory of David Spiegel in the Stanford Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, to systematically study how particular patterns of respiration (i.e., breathing/breathwork) and the visual system influence the autonomic nervous system, stress, and other brain states, including sleep.
In 2021, Huberman launched the "Huberman Lab" podcast with the goal of translating neuroscience into tools that can be applied in everyday life. It is a top podcast on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. He was originally inspired to start the podcast after his appearance on the Lex Fridman Podcast. Huberman also covers the evidence on supplements which include Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia), Fadogia Agrestis and many others. | Andrew Huberman is a neuro scientists, currently working as a professor at Stanford school of medicine. He is focused on visual system and a pioneer in the field. He also runs "Huberman Lab" podcast which is very successfull on Apple podcasts and Spotify., |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | These spectacular snaps show winter is well and truly on its way out as spring sunshine beams across America's National Parks. From the first water flowing through the Smoky Mountains to sunlight bouncing off the Grand Canyon each shot is shrouded in beauty. In other breath-taking scenes Cherry Blossom trees bloom at The National Mall while bears come out to play at Delaware Water Gap. Vibrant blue: This lush photo of the Grand Canyon by Carl Beams show winter is well and truly on its way out as spring sunshine beams across America's gorgeous and colorful National Parks . Sunset: This picture of Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes by Ian Shive is a perfect capture of a beautiful sunset and was selected by the U.S. Department of Interior as one of the best spring photos taken in recent years . Sunflowers : Grand Teton National Park's yellow sunflowers photographed by Kate Garibaldi is an homage to flowers blooming . Moss: This photo of the The Great Smoky Mountains National Park by Barry Pettis is a breathtaking forest view in springtime . Layers: The Grand Canyon National Park photographed by Weston Shirey brilliantly shows the magnanimous and layered canons . Each image has been selected by the U.S. Department of the Interior as the best spring shots taken over recent years to the present day. The DOI - the agency which protects American land, water and wildlife - has become a huge hit since they first shared photos on Instagram. This week they are set to hit half-a-million followers on the popular photo sharing site on their page @USInterior. Tim Fullerton, Director of Digital Strategy, said: 'Spring on America's public lands is amazing. 'As winter weather gives way to longer, warmer days, our national parks, wildlife refuges and other public lands come alive with fields of wildflowers and wildlife. 'It makes for some beautiful photos - all of which we feature on Interior's Instagram account.' Beary cute!: Two black bear cubs in tree at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area pictured by Keith Frerichs show that the hibernation of Winter is over and that Spring is on its way . Nature everywhere: Tropical vegetaion adorns the Spanish architecture at the Las Brisas Best Western Resort in Palm Springs California . Misty river: Handies Peak in Colorado photographed by Bob Wick is a beatiful portrait of a misty river flowing over rocks . Natural wonder: Yosemite National Park photographed by Douglas Croft shows the beauty of the park's natural wonders in the spring . Bleeding sunset: Joshua Tree National Park photographed by Manish Mamtani shows the spectacular sunset at one of the nation's most beautiful destinations during the most beautiful time of the year . | Each image has been selected by the U.S. Department of the Interior as the best spring shots taken over recent years to the present day . The DOI - the agency which protects American land, water and wildlife - has become a huge hit since they first shared photos on Instagram . These spectacular snaps show winter is well and truly on its way out as spring sunshine beams across America's National Parks . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kim Kardashian is undoubtedly the queen of self-promotion, posting 'selfie' snaps to her millions of followers on a daily basis and even releasing a book filled with her self-taken pictures. And now, Kim's secret weapon to achieving the perfect photo has seemingly been revealed. According to US Weekly, Kim uses the Perfect365 app to edit her famous selfies, with a source telling the magazine: 'Kim and all the Kardashians use the app Perfect365 to touch up their photos before they post them on social media. The Kardashians have gotten all of their friends into it.' Scroll down for video . Kim Kardashian, who is a huge fan of taking selfies, apparently uses the Perfect365 app to edit her pictures . While the reality TV star is yet to confirm whether she uses it or not, FEMAIL decided to put the free app, which has 20 editing tools, through its paces. The app, which is dubbed the world’s 'smartest, easiest-to-use virtual makeup app', promises to be your 'one-stop shop for magazine-worthy digital makeovers'. Perfect365 promises to be your 'one-stop shop for magazine-worthy digital makeovers'. Lara Thomas, 28, pictured, left, naturally, and, right, after putting the app through its paces . Bianca London, 25, left, naturally, and, right, after a few editing steps, used the free app to soften her skin, enhance her eyelashes and whiten her teeth . With skin, teeth and hair enhancers, the app claims it will help you achieve the complexion of a model with tools that let you soften skin, banish blemishes, erase under-eye circles and lengthen your lashes. You can also control the intensity of each effect, give yourself a slick of lip gloss, a quirky new hair 'do and even adjust your mouth to make it appear as though you're smiling more. Eyebrows can be thickened, your nose can be reshaped and you can give yourself a quick 'cheek lift', too. Josie Crane, 37, left, before, and, right, after, loved the app, which she used to give her face more structure, enhance her eye colour and smooth out fine lines . The app, which is said to be used in the Kardashian household, claims it will help you achieve the complexion of a model with tools that let you soften skin and banish blemishes, which Harriet Jones, 21, tested out . The app also features a section called 'Hotstyle', which is full of makeup templates designed by the app's in-house team of beauty experts. Looks range from dewy and natural, to sun kissed and glowing. There's also vivid and head-turning, as well as red carpet classy. Speaking about the results of the app, the unanimous vote among our testers was: 'this is amazing'. Lucy Hull, 27, was pleasantly surprised with the results of the app, which she used to give herself smoother skin and more defined brown eyes . Josie Crane, who used the app to soften her skin and add a flushed glow, said: 'I was expecting to look ridiculous after using it but actually, the changes are so subtle. 'I doubt anyone would bat an eyelid and would probably think I was just having a good day if I posted this on social media.' Lara Thomas loved how you could add colour and definition to your face with a few clicks, and Ben Smith was so thrilled with the airbrushed finish on his snap that he's going to use it for his Tinder profile. Not only did everyone love their edited photos, other people in the office were quick to download the app to test it for themselves. It seems we really are all Keeping Up With The Kardashians. Ben Smith, 30, was so thrilled with the airbrushed finish on his snap he's going to use it for his Tinder profile . Perfect365 lets you deepen your smile, whiten your teeth, add make-up to your face and brighten your skin with a few swipes and clicks . As well as letting you airbrush your skin, the app even let's you test out quirky new hairstyles . | Kim and her sisters apparently love Perfect365 app . Free app promises to give you model's skin thanks to 20 editing tools . FEMAIL tested the app, which lets you enhance your skin and whiten teeth . |
Who are the parents of Vivek Oberoi? | Vivek Oberoi was born in Hyderabad, Telangana, to a Punjabi father, Suresh Oberoi, an actor. In 1974, Suresh married Yashodhara, from a Punjabi business family settled in the south, in Chennai. Because of his mother’s family being assimilated in the region, Oberoi is himself fluent in Tamil.
Oberoi went on to study at Mayo College, Ajmer and Mithibai College, Mumbai. At an actors' workshop in London, he was spotted by the director of New York University who took Oberoi to New York, where he completed his master's degree in film acting. | Suresh Oberoi and Yashodhara. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sebastian Vettel now has 40 victories in his grand prix career, which is just one behind the legendary Brazilian Ayrton Senna though the German has achieved the feat in 21 fewer races. His triumph for Ferrari ends a 34-race winless drought for the famous constructor. Their last victory came at the Spanish Grand Prix in May 2013 when Fernando Alonso triumphed in front of his home crowd. Ferrari driver Sebastian Vettel celebrates with his team following his triumph at the Malaysian Grand Prix . Alonso, who ended his five-year relationship with Ferrari to join McLaren, retired from the race with a cooling problem after only 21 laps as his troubled start to the season continued. Team-mate Jenson Button’s race also didn’t last the distance. This meant McLaren did not have a classified car for the first time since the 2006 United States Grand Prix, some 158 races ago. Fernando Alonso retired from the race with a cooling problem after only 21 laps . Max Verstappen became Formula One’s youngest points scorer after he finished seventh. At just 17 years and 180 days, he eclipsed Russian Daniil Kvyat’s record by exactly two years. And now with the rules preventing any driver under 18 to be given a super licence, Verstappen’s record will probably never be broken. Max Verstappen became Formula One’s youngest points scorer after he finished seventh in the race . Alonso left Ferrari under a cloud last season and Vettel’s win for the Italian constructors appeared to attract much amusement from the Lotus team. They tweeted: ‘We wonder if the TV channel has been changed in a certain Spanish driver’s room right now?’, as Vettel was presented with the winner’s trophy. | Sebastian Vettel now has 40 victories in his grand prix career . Fernando Alonso retired from the race with a cooling problem . Max Verstappen became Formula One’s youngest points scorer after he finished seventh . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hillary Clinton used only a personal email address to conduct official government business during her four-year tenure as Secretary of State in a 'serious' breach of protocol, officials have said. The 67-year-old former first lady did not acquire nor use a government email account while serving in the position from January 2009 to February 2013, State Department officials said. She also failed to preserve her correspondence on the State Department's servers - something that is required of officials under the US Federal Records Act - until two months ago. And even then, her aides allegedly decided which of her tens of thousands of personal emails to hand over to the department in Washington D.C.'s Harry S. Truman Building for the public record. They ultimately chose to release 55,000 pages of correspondence as she stepped down from the role in 2013, the New York Times reported. Scroll down for video . 'Unsecured emails': Hillary Clinton used only a personal email address to conduct government business during her four-year tenure as Secretary of State in a 'serious' breach of protocol, officials have claimed . On Monday, Jeb Bush spokeswoman Kristy Campbell told DailyMail.com: 'Hillary Clinton should release her emails. Hopefully she hasn't already destroyed them. Governor Bush believes transparency is a critical part of public service and of governing.' The Florida governor, who is seeking the Republican nomination for president in 2016, added on Twitter: 'Transparency matters. Unclassified @HillaryClinton emails should be released. You can see mine, here. http://jebbushemails.com.' National Archives and Records Administration officials and government watchdogs have expressed concern over Mrs Clinton's 'extensive' use of a private account, deeming it 'insecure'. On Monday, Jason R Baron, ex-director of litigation at NARA, told the newspaper that such a situation was 'inconceivable' - particularly in relation to a Secretary of State's correspondence. 'It is very difficult to conceive of a scenario - short of nuclear winter - where an agency would be justified in allowing its cabinet-level-head officer to solely use a private email communications channel for the conduct of government business,' he said. Mr Baron, now a lawyer at Drinker Biddle and Reath, added that although Mrs Clinton is not the first official to use a personal email address for business matters, her sole use of it is unusual. Concern: The 67-year-old former first lady (right) reportedly did not acquire nor use a government email account while serving in the position from 2009 to 2013. On Monday, Jason R Baron (left), ex-director of litigation at the National Archives and Records Administration, said such a situation was 'inconceivable' Criticism: On Monday night, Florida Governor - and possible 2016 Republican presidential candidate - Jeb Bush called upon Clinton to release her emails, saying: 'Transparency matters' Opponent: Bush, seen at a Las Vegas community center on Monday, has shared his emails with the public . 'I can recall no instance... when a high-ranking official at an executive branch agency solely used a personal email account for the transaction of government business,' he told the newspaper. Hillary Clinton's spokesperson Nick Merrill released a statement regarding the claims on Tuesday morning: . 'Like Secretaries of State before her, she used her own email account when engaging with any Department officials. For government business, she emailed them on their Department accounts, with every expectation they would be retained. When the Department asked former Secretaries last year for help ensuring their emails were in fact retained, we immediately said yes. Both the letter and spirit of the rules permitted State Department officials to use non-government email, as long as appropriate records were preserved. As a result of State’s request for our help to make sure they in fact were, that is what happened here. As the Department stated, it is in the process of updating its record preservation policies to bring them in line with its retention responsibilities.' Mrs Clinton may have violated federal requirements involving the State Department's retention of officials' correspondence by not preserving her correspondence on its servers, the Times reported. Her aides reportedly did not take any action to have her emails recorded - only unveiling them in January after officials launched a new initiative to comply with federal record-keeping practices. 'It’s a shame it didn’t take place automatically when she was secretary of state as it should have,' remarked Thomas S. Blanton, the director of the National Security Archive in Washington D.C. He added: 'Personal emails are not secure. Senior officials should not be using them.' Mrs Clinton's spokesman, Nick Merrill, has defended the likely Democratic presidential candidate's use of a personal email address, saying she had complied with the 'letter and spirit of the rules'. Mr Merrill said that Mrs Clinton had expected her emails would be retained. But he declined to detail why she chose to conduct business from her personal account, instead of a government one. Under federal law, emails sent and received by officials - such as the Secretary of State - are seen as government records. They are, therefore, required to be retained by the State Department. Family: Mrs Clinton is seen with husband, former president Bill Clinton, and their daughter Chelsea in 2000 . Several exceptions to the law include sensitive or classified material. Between 2009 and 2013, the National Archives and Records Administration also required such correspondence to be preserved. According to the Times, most experts believe that private email accounts should only be used for official government business in emergencies, for both security and in the interest of the public. Indeed, since coming into office, current Secretary of State John Kerry, has used a government email account and continues to retain his correspondence on record, according to his aides. It is unclear what security measures were in place on Mrs Clinton's personal account during her time as Secretary of State. It also unknown how many emails she exchanged while she was in office. The former Secretary of State, who has a daughter, Chelsea, with husband Bill, is widely considered the front-runner for next year's Democratic presidential nomination if she decides to enter the race. Mrs Clinton's spokesman could not be immediately reached for comment . In a statement, State Department deputy spokesman, Marie Harf, told DailyMail.com: 'The State Department has long had access to a wide array of Secretary Clinton’s records - including emails between her and Department officials with state.gov accounts. 'Last year, the Department sent a letter to representatives of former secretaries of state requesting they submit any records in their possession for proper preservation as part of our effort to continually improve our records preservation and management. Politician: Since coming into office, current Secretary of State John Kerry (pictured on Monday), has used a government email account and continues to retain his correspondence on record, according to his aides . 'In response to our request, Secretary Clinton provided the Department with emails spanning her time at the Department. 'After the State Department reviewed those emails, last month the State Department produced about 300 emails responsive to recent requests from the Select Committee. 'The Department is in the process of updating our records preservation policies to bring them in line with recent 2013 National Archives and Records Administration guidance.' She added Mr Kerry is the first Secretary of State to 'rely primarily on a state.gov email account'. It comes as a family charity which was founded by Mr Clinton remains under scrutiny for accepting millions of dollars in donations from foreign countries while Mrs Clinton was at the State Department. Two weeks ago, the Clinton Foundation admitted to violating an ethics agreement with the U.S. government while Clinton was in the president's cabinet. It had promised to stop cashing checks from foreign governments with which it had not previously done business. But in 2010 it took $500,000 in 2010 from Algeria - a country that was lobbying State at the same time - without asking the federal government for permission. | Hillary Clinton used only personal email account to conduct business . Did not acquire government address while Secretary of State, it is said . She also reportedly failed to record official correspondence at the time . Aides 'eventually handed over emails to State Department 2 months ago' But even then, 'they chose which to release, handing over about 55,000' Officials have deemed Clinton's use of a private account 'alarming' Jeb Bush has called for Clinton to release her emails, saying: 'Transparency matters' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It seems cricketer Kevin Pietersen is struggling with a dose of jet lag as he returns to England following the completion of the Cricket World Cup. The former England captain posted a picture to Instagram of himself struggling to stay awake while on board an Emirates flight. Pietersen was a pundit as Australia were crowned tournament winners at the expense of New Zealand in Melbourne. Kevin Pietersen's current state suggests the cricketer is struggling to come to terms with hos jetlag . However, jet lag is probably not the only reason Pietersen is struggling to stay awake after joining in with Australia’s post-tournament celebrations following victory. Earlier this week Surrey director of cricket Alec Stewart praised Pietersen's 'outstanding' character, but admitted the batsman's chances of an England return are slim. Pietersen has re-joined Surrey to play in LV= County Championship Division Two in a bid to win a Test recall for the Ashes this summer. Pietersen shared a picture of himself celebrating Australia's World Cup win with James Faulkner . Cricketer Kevin Pietersen has been hailed for his 'outstanding character' by Surrey chief Alec Stewart . Surrey cricket director Stewart (right) can't see a way back for Pietersen with England despite his return . | A sleepy Kevin Pietersen took to Instagram to show his jet lag pain . Pietersen was returning to England following the Cricket World Cup . Former England cricketer was working as a pundit during the tournament . He was also pictured partying with World Cup winners Australia days ago . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Pep Guardiola, never satisfied. Despite averaging six goals a game in their last three matches, the Bayern Munich manager has insisted his team must improve their attacking threat. The Bundesliga leaders have overcome their previous opposition 4-1, 6-0 and 8-0 in their last three league games, but after a 2-0 cup win against Eintracht Braunschweig, Guardiola implored his side to improve. 'We must do better in attack,' he told reporters on Friday. 'In defence we are imperious – opponents have very few chances against us. Pep Guardiola has been disappointed with his side's attacking threat despite averaging six goals a game . Mario Gotze (second left) celebrates after scoring Bayern's second goal in the German Cup on Wednesday . Guardiola was disappointed that his side were only able to beat Eintracht Braunschweig 2-0 in the Cup . 'Yes, recently we have scored a lot of goals, but that's because our players are so good. Our overall attacking game must get better.' Bayern have opened up an eight-point gap at the top of the league, but it is their incredible goal difference of 53 which is perhaps most impressive. Guardiola has been unrepentant in his demands ahead of two big matches - against Hannover in the league, before they host Shakhtar Donetsk in the Champions League on March 11. Arjen Robben wheels away in celebration after scoring Bayern's third of four goals against Cologne . Jerome Boateng strikes the ball in acrobatic fashion as Bayern beat Cologne 4-1 at the Allianz Arena . Despite their impressive results, Bayern have been told to improve in attacking areas by their manager . 'The defensive behaviour of Hannover and Donetsk are completely different,' Guardiola continued. 'Thus, our attacking tactics will be different. 'We have to think first of this Bundesliga game - there are still 33 potential points to be won starting with Hannover. Wolfsburg are on our tail, just eight points behind us, we know that. 'We've had less time to prepare than Hannover, so we must engage full concentration. I will choose my strongest possible XI regardless of our game with Shakhtar coming up.' | Bayern Munich have averaged six goals a game in their last three league encounters, winning 4-1, 6-0 and 8-0 . Pep Guardiola insists that his side must improve their attacking threat . Bayern have a goal difference of 53 and sit top of the Bundesliga table . The German giants face Hannover next in the league, before Shakhtar Donetsk in the Champions League . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Chelsea continued their attack on Premier League referees after the club's official website published an article complaining that they have not been awarded enough penalties this season. The piece called 'penalty puzzle' analysed how many spot-kicks the Blues have been given in each of the last five years. The argument, that the number is 'abnormally low', echoes manager Jose Mourinho's view that there is a 'campaign' against the club. Chelsea were angered last weekend by referee Mike Dean's refusal to award Branislav Ivanovic a penalty . Referee Dean had some tough calls to make in Chelsea's draw with Southampton but made most correctly . Chelsea have been awarded five penalties in eight Champions League games, including against PSG . The 'penalty puzzle' article leads the way on Chelsea's official website . At Old Trafford in October defenders John Terry and Branislav Ivanovic were denied a spot kick despite being wrestled to the ground. Former Barcelona midfielder Cesc Fabregas was tripped during Chelsea’s game against Southampton at St Mary’s Stadium, but instead he picked up a yellow card for diving. Jose Mourinho’s side appealed for a penalty against London rivals Tottenham Hotspur, only for the north London side to get away with handling the ball in their own box. A blocked arm again denied the current Premier League leaders at home to Burnley despite the shot being clearly stopped by a raised arm. Ivanovic was again left perplexed last Sunday at Stamford Bridge when visitors Southampton got away with yet another clear penalty against the Blues. The article, with no byline, comes after Branislav Ivanovic was denied a penalty in last weekend's draw with Southampton, an incident the Chelsea website described as 'a clear spot-kick'. However, general consensus, as outlined by Sportsmail's Graham Poll, was that the contact on Ivanovic, while undoubtedly present, was too slight to spot with the naked eye. The article also notes that Chelsea have received five penalties in just eight Champions League games, which they cite as evidence that the 'campaign' is limited to Premier League officials. Mourinho has been vociferous in his criticism of officials all season, first suggesting there was a campaign against his team in December, before appearing on Sky Sports last month after a challenge by Burnley's Ashley Barnes on Nemanja Matic went unpunished. It is not the first time in recent weeks that the club's online team have sought to back up their manager's controversial view. Jose Mourinho first brought up the 'campaign' against his side after a draw at Southampton in December . Mourinho's players came under fire when nine of them surrounded referee Bjorn Kuipers against PSG . Click HERE to read what chief sports writer Martin Samuel had to say when he covered the subject in his colum last month . Last week the official Chelsea Instagram account posted historic pictures of Sportmail columnist Jamie Carragher and Graeme Souness arguing with referees, after Mourinho accused them of having short memories. Carragher had described the Chelsea players' behaviour against PSG, when nine of them surrounded the referee, as 'disgraceful'. Mourinho appeared on Sky Sports' Goals on Sunday to discuss referees last month . Nemanja Matic (centre) was sent off after reacting to a challenge from Burnley's Ashley Barnes last month . | Chelsea have been awarded seven penalties this season, two in the league . Club website points out discrepancy with previous years . Jose Mourinho has suggested there is a 'campaign' against his team . Latest in series of controversial online posts by club . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sergio Ramos has hailed Andres Iniesta as the 'boyfriend that every mother would want' for their daughter while admitting it's a shame his Spain team-mate will never play for Real Madrid. Iniesta, 30, has enjoyed a long and fruitful career with Barcelona, winning a host of honours including six La Liga titles and three Champions Leagues during his 19 years at the Nou Camp. As well as being a star on the pitch, it would seem Iniesta is also a perfect gentleman away from the field. Sergio Ramos (right) believes Andres Iniesta is the 'boyfriend that every mother would want' Ramos trains ahead of Spain's Euro 2016 qualifier against the Ukraine on Friday . Ramos said: 'Iniesta is the boyfriend that every mother wants,' he said at a press conference. 'The figures over his career tell you all you need to know. He is a magical player. 'There are few players in the world that can compare to him, but unfortunately he is not with us at Real Madrid.' The Spanish duo are set to take to the field together on Friday as Vicente del Bosque's side take on Ukraine in their Euro 2016 qualifier. Iniesta will be hoping to play a part in Spain's forthcoming international matches against Ukraine and Holland . | Sergio Ramos heaps praise on Spain team-mate Andres Iniesta . Ramos believes Barcelona star Iniesta is a 'magical player' Spanish duo will hope to play a part for Spain against Ukraine on Friday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Bubba Watson was left 'pie-faced' when television host Jimmy Fallon asked the golfer, who is currently number three in the world, to play a spot of Pie Golf on the Tonight Show. Watson was invited by Fallon to play the entertaining game during the American chat show, which was watched by millions of viewers on Monday night. Both players wore goggles for the game, which involves hitting specially designed golf balls at a Velcro wall, with those that fail receiving a cream pie to the face. Jimmy Fallon gets in position as the talk show host to beat Bubba Watson at Pie Golf on the Tonight Show . Fallon can hardly contain his delight as he hits the shot that means Watson will receive a pie to the face . Watson puts on his goggles and tucks in his tie as he prepares to get a cream pie on the American chat show . World No 3 Watson is struck in the face with the cream pie to the pleasure of chat show host Fallon . Watson survives the cream pie and waves to the cameras following the game on the American chat show . Watson donned his famous Masters green jacket on the show, but was quick to remove it as he prepared to do battle with the chat show host. Watson's decision to remove the jacket proved a shrewd move as the Florida-born golfer took a cream pie to the face before going on to win the duo's head-to-head. Fallon, complete with pie crumbs on his face, later interviewed Watson, he said: 'You're fantastic, obviously. Are you excited about Augusta coming up?' 'Yes,' Bubba replied. 'It's the best tournament of all year, and the courses are in perfect shape.' Watson hits his tee shot on the seventh hole during the final round of the 2014 Masters Tournament . Watson is presented with his green jacket by 2013 winner Adam Scott after winning the Masters at Augusta . | Bubba Watson was left with pie on his face during the Tonight Show . World No 3 Watson was a guest on Jimmy Fallon's American chat show . Golfer Watson and Fallon went head-to-head in a game called Pie Golf . Masters winner removed green jacket before being taking pie to the face . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Hodgson has told the Football Association he would like to continue as England manager for a further two years and have a second crack at the World Cup. Hodgson’s contract runs until next summer’s European Championship and no formal discussions have taken place to extend his deal. But Hodgson is enjoying the job, with his England side six points clear at the top of their Euro 2016 qualifying group after four straight wins. Roy Hodgson has told the FA he would like to continue as England manager for a further two years . Hodgson, Ray Lewington and Gary Neville during the disappointing World Cup in Brazil . The England manager and some of the player applaud supporters after their match against Costa Rica . He has told senior members of the FA that, even at 67, he does not feel ready to retire. Hodgson is said to feel he has unfinished business after such a disappointing World Cup in Brazil last year and he would like to put his experience to good use in Russia in 2018. Hodgson certainly has significant support at Wembley. He received the backing of FA chairman Greg Dyke after England’s early exit in Brazil and he also enjoys a close working relationship with Dan Ashworth, the FA technical director who worked with Hodgson at West Bromwich Albion. The FA will wait until a new chief executive has been appointed, who will, along with Dyke and Ashworth decide Hodgson’s future. Hodgson is said to feel he has unfinished business after such a disappointing World Cup in Brazil . With the array of young stars England have, Hodgson wants another chance at the World Cup in 2018 . Hodgson did receive the backing of FA chairman Greg Dyke after England’s early exit in Brazil . It could well be that the FA take the sensible option of delaying a final decision until after Euro 2016 in France. Recently Hodgson hinted publicly that he does not feel ready to retire. ‘At the moment I feel good and I don’t feel anything like my age,’ he said. ‘I hope that will continue for a few more years. ‘I am confident that I will know what the right time is. But I have an important job to do which I really enjoy, so as for 2018 and 2020 we will see.’ | England manager Roy Hodgson's current deal runs until next summer . But Hodgson wants a contract extension until at least 2018 . Hodgson wants to have a second crack at taking England to a World Cup . The England boss feels he has unfinished business after Brazil . |
From the passage provided, extract the sobriquets Tagore was known by. Separate them with a comma. | Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/rəˈbɪndrənɑːt tæˈɡɔːr/ (listen); pronounced [rɔˈbindɾɔnatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" poetry of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal", Tagore was known by sobriquets: Gurudeb, Kobiguru, Biswokobi. | Gurudeb, Kobiguru, Biswokobi. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | They bemoaned the lack of privacy they received during the early part of their first date, but it seems Sarah Milne and William Chalmers did eventually get some alone time. Scottish backpacker Sarah's efforts to woo Mr Chalmers after she spotted him at a beach in Picton - north of Christchurch - went viral after she painted a poster of him and left a note requesting he meet up with her. The poster was a huge hit on the internet and received attention from all over the world, with Mr Chalmers eventually stumbling across it and deciding to do the decent thing and agree to meet up. The pair had such a good night that Miss Milne agreed to stay with Mr Chalmers for an 'amazing' sleepover and cooked him breakfast in the morning. She's even decided to stay with him for the rest of the week. Scroll down for video . As far as first dates go, Sarah Milne (right) cooking breakfast for William Chalmers (left) the next morning would be categorised as pretty damn successful. 'I told her, "If you want to stay here for a week you can", and she said "yes",' he told stuff.co.nz. after Ms Milne had cooked him eggs on toast . 'She's full of life ... there was no awkwardness at all.' He was impressed to discover Ms Milne was an artist and cartoonist and looked forward to getting to know her over the next week. 'People are asking if we're getting married. I don't think people realise yesterday was the first time we talked,' he said. The Glaswegian artist was relaxing at the beach in Picton - north of Christchurch on New Zealand's South Island - when she spotted her mystery man 'shirtless, wearing black shorts with stars tattooed on his torso and running with a curly, bouncy and blonde dog'. She decided she had to see him again, and despite not knowing anything about him apart from how he looked, decided to create a poster which she hung next to the beach in the hope he would see it. The restaurant staff said there had a 'close connection' and were 'cuddly' by the end of the night . Ms Milne (left) and Mr Chalmers (right) are planning on spending the week getting to know each other . Nursing hangovers after a night of 'cheap beers', Mr Chalmers said they are so comfortable with each other that people think they have been together for an eternity not just a day. He works at a local burger joint and the pair met for the first time on Tuesday in front of a small audience who had gathered at beach to witness the meeting. The couple spent the afternoon drinking wine and chatting on a boat on the Picton harbour before going to dinner at DA's Barn Restaurant & Bar where staff said sparks were flying from early on. The bar's co-owner Gina Williams said the couple were 'all cuddly' by the end of the evening when they were in the garden bar. She said staff were discussing which famous actors would play them in the movie of their romantic tale. Other staff members said there was 'magic' and a 'close connection' between the giddy pair. Love at first sight? Sarah Milne, a backpacker from Scotland, meets William Chalmers, after her note brought them together . They were still on the date when they spoke to Daily Mail Australia later that night. Mr Chalmers said the date was going 'fantastically'. 'We had a bottle of sauv blanc and sparkling pinot gris. We had a great night. Now we're grabbing a box of cheap beers... and we're going to have a party,' he said. When asked if there will be a second date, Mr Chalmers joked to Daily Mail Australia: 'I'm not too sure. You might have to ask me tomorrow just in case I've made an ass of myself.' He added that his and Ms Milne's story proved the world was not such a bad place. They finally meet: Mr Chalmers met Ms Milne just after 2pm and asked if she wanted to go somewhere quiet and have a drink . 'There's a lot of s**t in the world but there's a lot of love in the world,' he said. At 10pm local time, the couple sounded like they were still having a good time as Mr Chalmers passed his phone over to Milne who described the whole experience as 'surreal'. 'I had no idea it would go the way it has gone,' she told Daily Mail Australia. '[The date has] been going alright, we've had a few glasses of wine. 'It was overshadowed by every other person in Picton and... [this] very sweet thing it could have been has become this huge public thing. 'It was very embarrassing. I'm not someone who is used to the spotlight. Thankfully he took me away from [the attention at the meeting point].' Milne also played coy when asked if the couple would be seeing each other again. 'We haven't even finished this one because of everyone's attention but maybe,' she said. 'We need to get over this one first. We're really struggling to find our own space.' Milne and Mr Chalmers made headlines when a hand-painted note made by the artist started doing rounds on the internet. In her note, titled 'Is this you?', Milne - who studied at Glasgow School of Arts before holidaying in New Zealand - invited Mr Chalmers to meet her on the same beach on Tuesday. She said she had not been expecting the hype surrounding her handwritten note. Love note: The handmade message Milne used to launch a public appeal to find a man after a brief encounter on Friday . With a bottle of champagne in his hand for their first meeting, Mr Chalmers walked over to where Milne was sitting and said: 'Hello, I'm William, you know you could have just asked for my number. 'Let's go somewhere and have a drink away from everyone,' he told her, as the crowd watching their date clapped and cheered. Mr Chalmers came forward on Sunday morning to reveal himself as the mystery man. On Monday, he told Daily Mail Australia he planned on heading down to the picturesque spot to ask his brunette admirer on a date for the evening. The New Zealander said he first heard of the poster when his housemate came home at 3am on Saturday night and woke him up. 'He was carrying on and telling me about a poster that two German girls had told him about that described me,' Mr Chalmers said. 'He knew it was me because I'm the only guy in Picton who has star tattoos, Johnny-Bravo hair and a labradoodle.' Mr Chalmers said he and his housemate drove down to the shore in the dark to try and find the note, and even when he saw it for himself, he had a hard time believing it was real. Ms Milne was greeted at the picturesque meeting spot with great fanfare after their story had generated huge publicity . The Glasgow artist was greeted as she stepped off her ferry to a sign that said 'Here's to a happy ending'. The poster in question was tied to a pole down at the shore front and was posted on Beachcomber Fun Cruises Facebook page on Saturday. 'I was sitting on the grass on Friday watching the sea... you were playing with your dog. You ran past me and smiled,' it said. 'Would you like to go for a drink/coffee/walk??? I'm in Wellington just now, my ferry arrives back in Picton on Tuesday 3rd. 'I'm in town for 1 night only... But let's see how things go... On the off-chance you are single, remember who I am and would like to meet for a drink/coffee/walk. Mr Chalmers has revealed himself as the mystery man who captured the heart of the mystery woman . He said he was looking forward to Tuesday and meeting his mystery girl . 'I'll be sitting on the grass, watching the sea from 1-1.30pm onwards on Tuesday... Maybe you'll run past again?!?' On Monday, Mr Chalmers said his mother had called him because she had been told of the sign and thought it was such a coincidence that the man described in the sign had star tattoos as well. 'When I told her that it was me, she started freaking out and telling everyone in the office,' he said. 'She's all for me going down. She told me that she didn't raise me to not show up, so that's what I'm going to do. 'It's a bit overwhelming, I've never had something like this happen before. In high school if you passed a note the teacher would just take it off you.' The signs were posted on Beachcomber Fun Cruises Facebook page and has sparked an online debate . 'Picton is a pretty small town and from the amount of people who have told me they're going to come down and watch what happens it sounds like everyone I know will be there.' Ms Milne may have had some inkling of the stir the note has caused, pleading with the public to not have the sign removed from the premises. 'In the spirit of happy endings, give this sign a chance to be seen by the right eyes,' she penned. 'It may even bring a dozen or so people back on Tuesday, intrigued... who is this girl with the long brown hair and the boy with the star tattoos and the dog and will they meet for a drink? 'I will, on my return to Picton on Tuesday, remove it myself... Whatever the ending may be. Thank you!' | Glasgow artist Sarah Milne met William Chalmers for first time on Tuesday . Ms Milne left heartfelt message for him on New Zealand beach in Picton . She left the note after she saw a 'shirtless' man walking his 'blonde' dog . It went viral after it was shared on Facebook and posted by Mr Chalmers . Pair went on first date on Tuesday afternoon and it kicked on until evening . Ms Milne stayed the night and cooked her him breakfast in the morning . Scottish backpacker is staying for a week to get to know her mystery man . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fulham have signed Norwich City centre-back Michael Turner on loan for the rest of the season. The 31-year-old, who has also had spells at Hull and Sunderland, said: 'I’m very pleased to have the deal done. 'As soon as I learned of Fulham’s interest I wanted to come here straight away. I just want to come in and try and make a big influence on the team.' Fulham have signed Norwich City centre-back Michael Turner on loan for the rest of the season . Turner challenges Fulham's Hugo Rodallega in the Premier League last year - now they are team-mates . Turner is expected to make his debut in Saturday’s game at Sheffield Wednesday. Fulham are one place above the relegation zone but seven points clear of nearest rivals Wigan. Turner is expected to make his debut for the Cottagers in Saturday’s game at Sheffield Wednesday . | Fulham have signed Norwich centre back Michael Turner on loan . The 31-year-old will stay at Craven Cottage until the end of the season . Turner expected to make debut on Saturday at Sheffield Wednesday . |
Can you please share some context on Figure skating using the passage given as a reference | Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; the four individual disciplines are also combined into a team event, first included in the Winter Olympics in 2014. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (the short program and the free skate), which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves. | 1. Individuals, couples, or groups compete in the sport of figure skating on ice. When it was played at the 1908 Olympics in London, it became the first winter sport to be featured in the Olympic Games.
2. Men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing are the Olympic disciplines. In addition, the four individual disciplines are merged into a team event, which debuted in the Winter Olympics in 2014.
3. Skaters compete in two programmes—the short programme and the free skate—from intermediate to senior levels. Depending on the discipline, these programmes may contain spins, leaps, field moves, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other features or moves.
4. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The new Republican governor of Illinois has said New Jersey is 'going down the drain' - despite it being run by fellow Republican Chris Christie, who sent $7million his way in the latest election campaign. Bruce Rauner said the Garden State was 'lost', thanks in part to its high property taxes. Rauner hit out at New Jersey, which has had Christie as governor since 2010, during a speech at the Illinois Farm Bureau last week. Sniping: Bruce Rauner, right, has said that New Jersey, the state run by his ally Chris Christie, left, is 'a disaster' because of its tax regime . Rauner's backer: Christie's Republican Governors Association gave $7million to Rauner's campaign in the 2014 governor elections . He said: 'We've got the highest property taxes in America other than New Jersey. I don't want to compete with New Jersey on anything, especially that. That's a disaster.' The State Register-Journal of Springfield, Illinois, reported that he continued: 'New Jersey is lost. They're going down the drain, and they ain't turning it around.' The staunch criticism may come as a surprise to Christie, who as the head of the Republican Governors Association funneled $7million in campaign funds to help him topple Democratic incumbent Pat Quinn. Christie often showed up on the campaign trail alongside Rauner, and boasted that he 'didn't come empty-handed' after making a $2.5million top-up to the coffers. He's behind you: Rauner, left, stands behind Christie during a Chicago fundraiser in which the two ate jumbo hotdogs . CBS Chicago reported how during the campaign Rauner and Christie made a public appearance to order jumbo hotdogs together before a hotel fundraiser. In return, Rauner has often been a vocal Christie fan. NJ.com reports that he has described him as 'one of the greatest public servants in America today' and 'a superstar'. Rauner spent a total of $37million on TV ads alone in the campaign, in which he outspent Quinn by some $9million, according to the Center for Public Integrity. The Center's records from the 2014 governor elections show Christie's association sent a total of $7million Rauner's way. Spokesmen for Christie and Rauner have yet to comment. | Bruce Rauner said the state was 'lost' and its tax regime 'a disaster' Rauner won Illinois governor's race in November after huge donations . Chris Christie's Republican Governor's Association gave him $7million . Rauner and New Jersey governor Christie have been chummy in public . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Enjoy the latest pictures of the former Kate Middleton. They're the last you'll see for a while. The Duchess of Cambridge made her last official appearance Friday at a variety of spots across London, enjoying tours of a learning center and a church that hosts a youth charity. The former, the Stephen Lawrence Centre, is named for an aspiring architect who was stabbed to death at age 18 in 1993. His mother, Baroness Lawrence, escorted Catherine and her husband, Prince William, around the facility. Catherine, 33, is scheduled to give birth in mid- to late April, she said this month. It will be the second child for her and Prince William, 32. Their son, Prince George, was born in July 2013. | Duchess of Cambridge makes last official appearance, due to give birth next month . Kate and Prince William have a son, George . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)An 18-year-old British man has been arrested on suspicion of preparing to join ISIS in Syria, UK police say. Counterterrorism officers arrested the man at his home in Hodge Hill, in the city of Birmingham, early Monday, West Midlands police said. "The operation was pre-planned and intelligence led. There was no immediate threat to public safety," they said in a statement. The arrest follows that of three teenagers from northwest London on Sunday after they were intercepted by Turkish police in Istanbul. The two 17-year-old boys and a 19-year-old man were arrested "on suspicion of preparation of terrorist acts," the Metropolitan Police said. They have since been released on bail. The investigation started Friday, after police learned the two 17-year-olds were missing and were believed to be traveling to Syria. They were traveling with a 19-year-old, police said. British authorities shared intelligence regarding the 17-year-olds with Turkish officials Friday, and that night, they landed in Istanbul on a flight from Barcelona, Spain, a Turkish official told CNN. The teens were stopped with another person seen as suspicious by Turkish intelligence at the airport's risk analysis center, which monitors risky flights and runs checks on suspicious passengers trying to enter Turkey. Turkish authorities questioned the teens, the Turkish official said, and the Metropolitan Police said the three returned to London shortly before midnight Saturday and were arrested. Last week, Turkish authorities said they had arrested a person -- working for an undisclosed nation's intelligence service -- on suspicion of helping three British girls who are thought to have entered Syria to join ISIS. British police say they think the three east London classmates -- Shamima Begum, 15; Kadiza Sultana, 16; and Amira Abase, 15 -- traveled to Syria after flying from London to Istanbul on February 17. Metropolitan Police on Monday announced a new media campaign to deter young people from traveling to Syria. Radio and press advertisements highlighting the influence a mother could have on her daughters would be placed in ethnic minority media, police said. The campaign said that it was mothers who often noticed changes in behavior that could signal an intention to travel to Syria, they said. There was increasing concern about the number of women traveling to Syria, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Helen Ball said. "It is an extremely dangerous place, and the reality of the lifestyle they are greeted with when they arrive is far from that promoted online by terrorist groups," she said. "The option of returning home is often taken away from them, leaving families at home devastated and with very few options to secure a safe return for their loved one," Ball said. | Metropolitan Police announce a media campaign to deter young people from traveling to Syria . The Birmingham man, 18, was detained at his home in a preplanned operation, they say . Police said there was "no immediate threat to public safety" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The misuse of outer protective garments may have led to the exposure of a potentially deadly strain of bacteria at the Tulane National Primate Research Center near New Orleans, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday. An employee at the center has tested positive for the bacterium, which is kept at the facility. The employee is not sick, and Jason McDonald, a CDC spokesman, said the bacteria probably aren't a threat to the general population. Inspectors from the CDC and the U.S. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service said the misuse of outer garments "could have led to the bacteria clinging to inner garments and getting carried out of the select agent lab where research was being conducted with the bacteria on mice," a news release said. "Additionally, CDC and APHIS inspectors determined that Tulane primate center staff frequently entered the select agent lab without appropriate protective clothing, which would increase the risk of bringing the bacteria out of the lab or becoming infected themselves." The bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, was being tested on mice in a biosafety level 3 lab at the Covington, Louisiana campus. It can cause can cause melioidosis, also known as Whitmore's disease. All research with the agent at the facility was suspended on February 11 and will remain suspended until it can be shown that there are no more risks and that proper procedures are being followed, the CDC said. The CDC says the primate facility can resume that research when Tulane officials show inspectors that: . • Entity-wide procedures exist to ensure animals accidentally exposed in the future are managed appropriately; . • All personal protective equipment procedures are thoroughly reviewed and revised appropriately to lessen the risk of future breaches; . • All Tulane primate center personnel are trained on any new or revised protective clothing procedures; and . • Improved entry and exit procedures to the outside enclosures housing non-human primates are in place to stop any further transmission among the animals." The CDC and U.S. Department of Agriculture say they have completed their investigation, which began in November when two monkeys were diagnosed with Whitmore's disease. Six others had antibodies indicating exposure to the bacterium. According to the CDC, "the bacteria causing melioidosis are found in contaminated water and soil. It is spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source." It is not transmitted between humans or animals, "and the risk of acquiring melioidosis is low," the CDC said. Melioidosis "is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in Southeast Asia and northern Australia where it is widespread," according to the CDC website. | The error "could have led to the bacteria clinging to inner garments and getting carried out" of a lab, inspectors say . Also, "staff frequently entered the select agent lab without appropriate protective clothing" The CDC says the bacteria probably aren't a threat to the general population . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two amateur athletes proved age is nothing but a number when they went head-to-head in the final of a 60m race at the European Veterans' Athletics Championships. Polish Sportsman, Stanislaw Kowalski, 104, participated in this week's event against London's 95-year-old Charles Eugster. The race was held indoors in Torun, Poland and was won by Mr Eugster in an impressive time of 14.56 seconds. Mr Kowalski has never had professional training, but spent the majority of his life walking or cycling to work . The two competitors line up alongside each other at the start of the race and await the starting pistol . Mr Kowalski – who holds the record for being the oldest person in Europe to run the 100m dash in 32.79 seconds – finished the race in a time of 20.27 seconds. Born in Swidnica, Poland in 1910, Mr Kowalski started running 13 years ago and puts his health and fitness down to doing whatever he pleases and never going to the doctor. Mr Eugster, who only took up the sport of running a year ago, recently broke the world 200m indoor sprint record for those aged 95 and above. Mr Kowalski and Mr Eugster completed the race in 20.27 seconds and 14.56 seconds, respectively . Footage from the event shows Mr Kowalski stretching, swinging his arms and doing some light jogging as he warms up with his trainer. He says: ‘Sure, I run as much as possible, 100m and 200m and 1000m.' Lining up alongside his competitor, he awaits the starting pistol before the pair spring into action and run the length of the track to complete the race. The Polish athlete (left) claims to have only taken up running as a hobby when he was 92 . The accomplished duo stand next to each other at the end of the race and pose in front of photographers . The video concludes with the duo standing together in front of photographers and having their picture taken. Mr Kowalski has never had any professional training, but spent the majority of his life walking or cycling six miles to work. He claims he only took running up as a hobby when he was 92, and has jobbed six miles every day for the last few years. | Poland's Stanislaw Kowalski, 104, finished in a time of 20.27 seconds . While Britain's Charles Eugster, 95, crossed the line in 14.56 seconds . The pair competed in the 60m final event indoors in Torun, Poland . The European Veterans' Athletics Championships runs March 22-28 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Southampton's early exit from the FA Cup means that Ronald Koeman's side have a weekend off, and the south-coast outfit headed to snowy Switzerland for a mid-season break. On Thursday, Koeman posted a picture of himself kitted out in full ice hockey kit, but now a video has emerged of the team in action... and they certainly shouldn't quit their day jobs any time soon. The Saints returned to winning ways on Tuesday night against Crystal Palace, but their recent form has seen them slip out of top four in the Premier League. Most of the Southampton squad struggled to stay on their feet as they took to the ice on Thursday . The players looked to enjoy their time playing ice hockey, with one player spinning another round on the ice . Injured striker Jay Rodriguez could not take part, but he watched on and laughed from the bench . Southampton boss Ronald Koeman got involved, taking to the ice in full kit to participate with his players . And talking of slips, most of the squad struggled to stay on their feet as they took to the ice on Thursday to participate in a sport they're less familiar with. One particular struggler was striker Graziano Pelle, who showed less pace than he does on a Saturday afternoon, and needed to be helped around the ice by Southampton chairman Ralph Krueger - who is a former ice hockey player and coach. Ryan Bertrand smiled for the cameras, and celebrated after slotting the puck through the legs of a helpless goalkeeper during a match between two teams. Graziano Pelle struggled more than most, and had to be helped around the ice by Ralph Krueger . Koeman laughs as his players slip and slide on the ice during their time in Switzerland . A disclaimer at the end of the video, uploaded by the club's YouTube account, put Southampton fans at ease . Southampton players took to the ice at Vaillant Arena in Davos, Switzerland on their team bonding trip . Morgan Schneiderlin (left) and Kelvin Davis put on their ice hockey gear before playing on Thursday . Ice hockey is, of course, a sport synonymous with injuries, but a disclaimer at the end of the YouTube video, uploaded by the club, confirmed that the afternoon passed without incident. 'No footballers were hurt during the making of this video,' read the message, and it is one that will relieve Saints fans watching. Koeman's side are back in action next Sunday, when they face perhaps their toughest test of the season - a trip to Stamford Bridge to play Chelsea. Shane Long was one Saints player who did not fancy his chances on the ice, opting out of the fun . Ryan Bertrand, whose loan signing was recently made permanent, celebrated after scoring a goal . Koeman is helped into his kit in the changing rooms before taking to the ice alongside his players . Pelle laughs with his team-mates as they arrive at the rink before taking to the ice on Thursday . | Southampton have a week off and the squad have headed to Switzerland . The players were treated to an afternoon playing ice hockey . Manager Ronald Koeman also got involved and took to the ice . The majority of the Saints squad struggled to stay on their feet . CLICK HERE for all the latest Southampton news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The modern Formula One steering wheel weighs 1.5kg, costs £30,000 and takes six weeks to build. It allows the driver to change the behaviour of their cars at the flick of a button. Each driver has a specific design suited to their own preferences, from the space behind the wheel to change gear, the molded grips or the colour of buttons on their dash. Lewis Hamilton’s favoured colour, for instance, is purple. Here, Sportsmail's Phil Duncan takes a closer look at Hamilton’s title-winning steering wheel. The steering wheel that Lewis Hamilton used during his winning season in 2014 Formula One Championship . DRS . Drag Reduction System changes rear wing to reduce drag. Can only be used after the first two laps, in DRS zones and if Lewis is within a second of the car in front. Left-hand side thumb wheels . To adjust the brake, engine and other settings, including pedal map, which can manage how the car is accelerating. OT . The overtake mode provides a boost. Nico Rosberg used this without authorisation from Mercedes as he attempted to pass team-mate Hamilton in last year's Bahrain Grand Prix. Hamilton also used it, again without authorisation, to defend his lead at the subsequent race in Spain. Lewis Hamilton (centre) celebrates after winning the Formula One Grand Prix Championship in 2014 . Strategy . 12 strategic options - including the way he releases and recovers energy or turbo use. Centre . 15 switches to change set-up - such as when tyres are changed to different compounds. Menu . 12 engine settings such as energy management or the MGU-K energy recovery system. Hamilton takes part in the Formula One pre-season first test day at the Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona . Mark . Identifies a point of interest in the data 'marked' by the driver. RS . Race start mode activated on the grid before the start. Talk . To talk to his team during the race. Messages about performance are now outlawed. Right-hand side thumb wheels . Adjusts differential maximising exit speed from corners. The World Champion during pre-season testing at the Circuito de Jerez in Jerez, Spain earlier in the year . PC . Pit Confirm sends an automated message to tell the Mercedes crew Hamilton is coming into the pits. PL . Restricts speed in the pit-lane to 50mph. The screen . Shows speed, split times and when to change gear or alter brake balance. N . Puts the car into neutral. Hamilton will be hoping he can keep hold of his title during the upcoming Formula One season . | The modern Formula One steering wheels takes six weeks to build . Each wheel weighs 1.5kg, costs £30,000 and works at the click of a button . All are designed to the specifications of each Formula One driver . Lewis Hamilton's is purple and has specifically molded grips and lights . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United will listen to loan offers for rookie defender Tyler Blackett this week. And the 20-year-old will also be considered for a season-long loan away from Old Trafford next season. Blackett has made the breakthrough into the United first-team this campaign, making 10 appearances for the club. Manchester United are set to listen to loan offers for defender Tyler Blackett . Blackett has made 10 appearances for Louis van Gaal's side this season since breaking through . His performances even earned him a new two-year contract. But the youngster hasn't played since the 1-0 home defeat to Southampton on January 11. There is a belief among some coaches at Old Trafford that Blackett needs to toughen up before he can be considered as regular for Louis van Gaal's side. Blackett comes on for Manchester United defender Luke Shaw against Southampton at Old Trafford . Blackett battles for the ball with Yeovil Town's Kevin Dawson during the game at Huish Park . And United could send the Blackett on loan to the Championship before Thursday's Football League loan deadline to give him vital senior experience. Likewise, Blackett is set for a loan switch away ahead of the start of next season as they look to groom him for United's first team. | Manchester United defender Tyler Blackett could leave Old Trafford on loan . The 20-year-old could make move before Thursday's loan deadline . Blackett has made 10 appearances for Louis van Gaal's side this season . But he could also be considered for a season-long loan deal next season . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
What is the origin of the name of the herb Rosemary? | alvia rosmarinus (/ˈsælviə ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs/), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name Rosmarinus officinalis (/ˌrɒsməˈraɪnəs əˌfɪsɪˈneɪlɪs/), now a synonym.
It is a member of the sage family Lamiaceae, which includes many other medicinal and culinary herbs. The name ""rosemary"" derives from Latin ros marinus (lit. 'dew of the sea'). Rosemary has a fibrous root system | The name "rosemary" derives from Latin ros marinus. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)For a generation of moviegoers in the early 1990s, "Pretty Woman" was a cultural touchstone. The breezy comedy had all the key elements of romantic fantasy: a plucky, down-on-her-luck heroine, a rich, dashing prince and a Cinderella love story with a fairy-tale ending. Most of all it had a lesser-known actress named Julia Roberts, whose radiant smile and coltish charm lit up the screen. The movie, which celebrates its 25th anniversary on Monday, grossed $463 million worldwide and made her the biggest female star in Hollywood. But how does it stand up today? Not everyone is a fan. Some critics complain the Garry Marshall film, whose female lead is an unrefined prostitute rescued from the streets by Richard Gere's elegant millionaire, degrades women and glorifies materialism. Here are some of the leading pro-and-con arguments about the movie. First, the cons: . It whitewashes the realities of prostitution . The movie glosses over the less-than-glamorous motivations that can lead women into sex work, says Katie Hail-Jares, a board member of the Sex Workers Outreach Project (SWOP USA). Most sex workers that Hail-Jares encounters through street-based outreach are not in it for a lark, or because they lack the drive to succeed, she says. They do it out of economic necessity after encountering roadblocks to traditional employment such as lack of education, a criminal record or sexual discrimination, she said. On one hand Roberts' character, Vivian, is a compelling protagonist who dispels the stereotype of the drug-addicted "crack whore" with little ambition, Hail-Jares said. On the other hand, the movie implies that by virtue of her beauty, drive and apparent drug-free lifestyle, Roberts is the exceptional sex worker who -- unlike her pal Kit, for example -- deserves a better life. "What's problematic is how it portrays sex work at large, like she's the only one worth saving," said Hail-Jares, a Ph.D. candidate in criminology at American University. "You get the sense that she's not the norm, and that allows us to get invested in her while not necessarily worrying about the welfare of other women who fall into the (sex worker) stereotype." Vivian's exit from sex work thanks to Gere's character is also troubling, she says. "In the movie she's able to fill economic void with Edward's money but in reality that doesn't happen," she says. It's demeaning to women . Like "My Fair Lady," the movie is another reimagining of "Pygmalion," the George Bernard Shaw play about a crass, impoverished girl given a redemptive makeover by a sophisticated male mentor. Daryl Hannah was one of numerous well-known actresses who turned down the part, saying it was "degrading for the whole of womankind." The Vivian character is clearly intelligent, and values love over money. But she also has no apparent career goals beyond becoming the kept woman of a wealthy businessman. "'Pretty Woman' may be a fantasy but it's a deeply sexist, consumerist fantasy," wrote Rachael Johnson last year for Bitch Flicks, a feminist movie site. "Admire Julia and Richard's beauty, and sing along to Orbison or Roxette, but never forget that it is one of the most misogynist, patriarchal, classist, consumerist, and lookist movies ever to come out of Hollywood." It celebrates greed . Although he is dutifully appearing on TV this month to promote "Pretty Woman's" anniversary, Gere in the past has publicly dismissed the movie for glorifying Wall Street corporate raiders like his ruthless Edward character, who dismantles struggling companies. "It made those guys seem dashing, which was wrong. Thankfully, today we are all more skeptical of those guys," he told Woman's Day magazine in Australia in 2012. The movie also depicts Vivian's evolution from streetwalker to Beverly Hills socialite through an orgiastic shopping spree during which Gere promises to spend "an obscene amount of money" on her. "Ideologically, 'Pretty Woman' is a love song to consumerism and capitalism," said Bitch Flicks' Johnson. "'Pretty Woman' depicts a world where everyone is either a card-carrying member of the corporate caste or an obliging subordinate ... It is obsessed with things (hotel suites, private jets, fancy clothes) and encourages the audience to share its obsession with things." And now the pros: . No, it actually empowers women . Despite her lowly profession, Vivian is no pushover. One of the film's earliest scenes shows her refusing Kit's suggestion that they work for a pimp, saying "we say who, we say when, we say how much." Later, she negotiates the terms of her relationship with Edward and is quick to speak up when she feel she's being mistreated. She humanizes him and even takes over driving Edward's borrowed Lotus when he can't handle a stick shift. "She dictates the way she wishes to be treated; when he offers her the status of a mistress, she dictates the status of a full equal," writes Brigit McCone in a more recent Bitch Flicks piece titled, "Why 'Pretty Woman' Should Be Considered a Feminist Classic." "Let us never forget that when the prince rescues her, she rescues him right back." Its shopping scenes are revenge-fantasy bliss . Ask some "Pretty Woman" fans to name their favorite scene and they don't mention Vivian's swoony moments with Edward. They talk about that part in the middle when she hits Rodeo Drive for a shopping spree. Spurned at first by snooty salespeople, Vivian later buys a slew of expensive outfits with Edward's money and then returns -- dressed to the nines and carrying handfuls of shopping bags -- to one boutique that had shunned her. "You work on commission, right?" she asks a bitchy saleswoman. "Uh, yes." "Big mistake. Big. Huge," she says, turning on her heels to leave. "I have to go shopping now." That's why in the 1997 comedy "Romy and Michele's High School Reunion," Michele (Lisa Kudrow) tears up while watching the movie, saying, "I just get really happy when they finally let her shop." Lighten up. As slick entertainment, the movie works . Sure, its story is ridiculous on many levels. For all its modern trappings (and R rating) it's also deeply old-fashioned: Take out the sex and prostitution and it could be a Disney movie. But Gere and Roberts, despite their 18-year age difference, have genuine chemistry. The interplay between her goofy exuberance and his bemused stoicism is mostly effective. And Roberts' charisma carries the movie through its weaker spots. The script also has some zingers, as when Edward asks, "What makes you think I'm a lawyer?" and Vivian answers, "You have that sharp, useless look about you." On paper "Pretty Woman," initially conceived as a gritty drama, shouldn't work. But it does -- if you don't think too much. "All these years later, it holds up remarkably well, if you can turn off that think-piece portion of your brain," wrote Stephanie Merry this week in the Washington Post. "(Is she a feminist icon? Is she only worthy of love when in Rodeo Drive's finest? Is this just "My Fair Lady" with sex? Just give up already and embrace the absurdity.)" | "Pretty Woman," the Julia Roberts-Richard Gere romantic comedy, was released March 23, 1990 . Pros: Roberts (as Vivian) is empowered and shows humanity; there a real "zingers" in the dialogue . Cons: The movie glosses over harsh realities of prostitution and celebrates consumerism . |
Given a reference text about multiple myeloma, tell me the risk factors and the cause of the disease. | Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections may occur. Complications may include amyloidosis.
The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. Risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and certain chemicals. There is an increased risk of multiple myeloma in certain occupations. This is due to the occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents having a role in causation of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma may develop from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance that progresses to smoldering myeloma. The abnormal plasma cells produce abnormal antibodies, which can cause kidney problems and overly thick blood. The plasma cells can also form a mass in the bone marrow or soft tissue. When one tumor is present, it is called a plasmacytoma; more than one is called multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibodies, bone marrow biopsy finding cancerous plasma cells, and medical imaging finding bone lesions. Another common finding is high blood calcium levels. | Although the cause of multiple myeloma is not known, risk factors for developing the disease are obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and exposure to certain chemicals. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The story of the Jews in the United States is a testament to "American exceptionalism" and stands in contrast to a long history of discrimination and pariah status in Europe and Muslim lands. In fact, the economic prosperity and social standing of America's Jews shows that generally they have fared better than many other minorities. This positive record is a fulfillment of the assurance given to the Newport, Rhode Island, Hebrew Congregation in 1790 by President George Washington: "It is now no more that toleration is spoken of as if it were the indulgence of one class of people that another enjoyed the exercise of their inherent natural rights, for, happily, the Government of the United States ... gives to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance." Since then, American Jews have been appointed and elected to public offices as governors, senators, mayors, Cabinet officers and in the military, and today, most American adults are unaware of and don't seem to care who's Jewish. Thus it comes as a shock when at the University of California Los Angeles, a Jewish woman student applicant for the Student Council's Judicial Board is initially rejected after being asked: "Given that you are a Jewish student and very active in the Jewish community, how do you see yourself being able to maintain an unbiased view?" According to The New York Times, the discussion that followed had "seemed to echo the kind of questions, prejudices and tropes -- particularly about divided loyalties -- that have plagued Jews across the globe for centuries." The minutes and video of the event suggest some student leaders seemed to be auditioning for the Salem witch trials and others for jobs as political commissars in Communist North Korea. And in February, at another University of California campus in Davis, Jewish students opposed to a Student Council resolution advocating a boycott of Israel were heckled by cries of "Allahu Akbar" and a Jewish fraternity house was daubed with a swastika. Chancellor Gene Block of UCLA called the dust up on his campus a "teachable moment." Yes, agreed. It seems UCLA's diverse body of students requires remedial classes in civics. Would UCLA students consider it appropriate to ask U.S. Supreme Court Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Elena Kagan similarly hostile and demeaning questions? Apparently it's necessary for the university to teach its student leadership that the U.S. Constitution bans religious tests for public office. While they are at it, they also can inform them that the Bill of Rights assures freedom of religion, speech and assembly to all citizens. California's university administrators might need to be reminded that Title 6 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all Americans, and they have an obligation to ensure equal educational opportunity for all students. This includes, among other things, promptly and effectively addressing certain hostile environments. As for the UC Davis students, they need to learn that support for Israel is a legitimate American tradition. A century ago, Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis asserted: "Zionism is the Pilgrim inspiration and impulse all over again ... to be good Americans, we must be better Jews, and to be better Jews, we must become Zionists." Students are of course free to disagree with Brandeis but not to harass or intimidate Jews who support his argument. The events in California might be regarded as isolated incidents and youthful excesses of the type that has always marked campus life. Except of course that is not true. This type of hatred, stereotyping and bias is a worrying new development that suggests a generational problem. In our recent study, my Trinity College colleague, Ariela Keysar, and I found that 54% of Jewish students reported experiencing or witnessing ant-Semitism on campus during the six months of September 2013-March 2014. Our survey covered 1,157 Jewish students on 55 campuses. The patterns and high rates of anti-Semitism that were reported were surprising. Another finding was that female students were more likely than males (58% versus 51%) to report anti-Semitism. Jewish women seem more vulnerable on campus today. America's universities need to foster American exceptionalism and values. They should take special care to avoid following current "European fashion trends." The situation in France today demonstrates the price of failing to nip youthful extremism in the bud. Twenty years ago, complaints by Jewish students in Paris that they were subject to anti-Semitism from a strange coalition of Marxist, fascist and Islamist groups were ignored by complacent university and government officials. The dangerous streets of Paris are witness to what results when a country ignores problems and panders to extremist opinions. The army is currently deployed across France to protect synagogues and Jewish community buildings. But history has taught us what begins with the Jews doesn't end with the Jews. The French army also has to defend the nation's shopping malls, government buildings and of course, its cartoonists. | Barry Kosmin: U.S. tradition of tolerance is challenged by incidents of anti-Semitism on campus . He says a majority of Jewish students surveyed reported experiencing or witnessing anti-Semitism . |
Given the lineage of this historical military aircraft, when was the Avro Arrow first flown and what were the operating characteristics of that flight? | The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada. The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding 50,000 feet (15,000 m) and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's (RCAF) primary interceptor into the 1960s and beyond.
The Arrow was the culmination of a series of design studies begun in 1953 that examined improved versions of the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck. After considerable study, the RCAF selected a dramatically more powerful design, and serious development began in March 1955. The aircraft was intended to be built directly from the production line, skipping the traditional hand-built prototype phase. The first Arrow Mk. 1, RL-201, was rolled out to the public on 4 October 1957, the same day as the launch of Sputnik I.
Flight testing began with RL-201 on 25 March 1958, and the design quickly demonstrated excellent handling and overall performance, reaching Mach 1.9 in level flight. Powered by the Pratt & Whitney J75, another four Mk. 1s were completed, RL-202, RL-203, RL-204 and RL-205. The lighter and more powerful Orenda Iroquois engine was soon ready for testing, and the first Mk 2 with the Iroquois, RL-206, was ready for taxi testing in preparation for flight and acceptance tests by RCAF pilots by early 1959. | The Avro Canada RL-201 Arrow was first flown in a test flight on March 25, 1958. During that flight, handling and performance proved excellent and the aircraft reached speeds of up to Mach 1.9 in level flight. |
From the passage provided extract how many European and worldwide tittles Barcelona has won. | Domestically, Barcelona has won a record 76 trophies: 26 La Liga, 31 Copa del Rey, fourteen Supercopa de España, three Copa Eva Duarte, and two Copa de la Liga titles, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, the club has won 22 European and worldwide titles: five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, a joint record five UEFA Super Cups, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, a joint record two Latin Cups and three FIFA Club World Cups. | Barcelona has won 22 European and worldwide titles |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A grandmother and a four-year-old boy have been found stabbed to death in their home, while the grandfather was bound and gagged nearby, . The Vietnamese couple were babysitting their four-year-old grandson when the grandmother and young boy were killed at their Melbourne home, police believe. Police also found the 61-year-old grandfather bound and gagged on the lounge room floor of the Albanvale home on Tuesday afternoon. A grandmother and her four-year-old grandson were found stabbed to death in Albanvale, Melbourne . The grandmother was found dead in the backyard and the boy was found in a bedroom. A 45-year-old Chinese woman, from Albion, has been arrested and is being questioned. Detective Senior Sergeant Stuart Bailey said police were called to the grandparents' address about 5.10pm, after reports a woman had been assaulted. The scene that greeted them was 'horrific'. The grandfather was also found bound and gagged in the living room . A Chinese woman had arrived at the home earlier in the morning, and an altercation occurred when the 61-year-old grandmother returned home in the afternoon . 'It's an extremely distressing situation for police,' he told reporters on Tuesday night. He said the Chinese woman had arrived at the home earlier in the morning, and an altercation occurred when the 61-year-old grandmother returned home in the afternoon. 'Whereby, she's been fatally stabbed in the backyard,' Det Sen Sgt Bailey said. Police say a Chinese women is being questions after an altercation took place before the stabbing . The grandparents look after their four-year-old grandson every Tuesday while his parents work. Det Sen Sgt Bailey said the boy's parents, from Maidstone, were obviously inconsolable and devastated. Homicide detectives will remain at the scene throughout the night, while several witnesses are assisting police at a nearby station. | A grandmother and a four-year-old boy have been found stabbed to death . The grandfather was found bound and gagged in the living room . The grandmother was found in the backyard and the boy in a bedroom . A 45-year-old Chinese woman has been arrested . The woman had arrived at the home earlier and an alteration occurred . |
What is an isotherm? | An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature. Therefore, all points through which an isotherm passes have the same or equal temperatures at the time indicated. An isotherm at 0 °C is called the freezing level. The term was coined by the Prussian geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who as part of his research into the geographical distribution of plants published the first map of isotherms in Paris, in 1817. | An isotherm is a line that connects points on a map that have the same temperature. |
Why were the original Old English Bible translations created? | The Old English Bible translations are the partial translations of the Bible prepared in medieval England into the Old English language. The translations are from Latin texts, not the original languages.
Many of these translations were in fact Bible glosses, prepared to assist clerics whose grasp of Latin was imperfect and circulated in connection with the Vulgate Latin Bible that was standard in Western Christianity at the time. Old English was one of very few early medieval vernacular languages the Bible was translated into, and featured a number of incomplete Bible translations, some of which were meant to be circulated, like the Paris Psalter or Ælfric's Hexateuch. | The Old English Bible translations were created to assist clerics who didn't now much Latin. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Reading have unveiled their new loan signing, Chelsea's Dutch Under 21 international Nathan Ake, who will be at the Championship side until April 22. The 20-year-old, who joined the Blues in the summer of 2011, has made 11 Chelsea first-team appearances, including games in the Champions League and was an unused substitute in the 2015 Capital One Cup final win over Tottenham. Ake, who can play as a defensive midfielder, left-back or centre-half and has a long-term contract at Stamford Bridge, will gain some more valuable experience with the Royals, who are now managed by former Chelsea assistant boss Steve Clarke. Chelsea youngster Nathan Ake holds up his Reading shirt having joined the Royals on a month loan deal . Ake takes part in Reading training as he gets used to surroundings at the Championship club . 'I am delighted to add a player of Nathan's quality to our first team squad at this important time of the season,' Clarke said on Reading's official website. 'He has been a fixture in Chelsea's first team squad this season and we are grateful that Chelsea have allowed him to join us here at Reading to get some competitive minutes on the pitch. 'He is a very talented player who I have been aware of for some time and I look forward to working with Nathan in the coming weeks.' Reading will face Arsenal in the FA Cup semi-final at Wembley during Ake's loan spell, but the player is ineligible having played against Watford in round three. The 20-year-old is unveiled in his Reading shirt having joined the Championship club on loan for just a month . Ake will hope to help the Royals secure safety in the Championship as he aims for first-team football . Chelsea have loaned Dutch Under 21 international Nathan Ake to Reading until April 22 . | Nathan Ake has made 11 first-team appearances for Chelsea in his career . Dutch Under 21 international joined the Blues in the summer of 2011 . 20-year-old will be ineligible for Reading's FA Cup semi-final vs Arsenal . |
Which was the first film to reach he billion-dollar mark? | Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance and disaster film directed, written, produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Incorporating both historical and fictionalized aspects, it is based on accounts of the sinking of the RMS Titanic and stars Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio as members of different social classes who fall in love aboard the ship during its ill-fated maiden voyage. The film also features Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Gloria Stuart, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Victor Garber, and Bill Paxton.
Cameron's inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks; he felt a love story interspersed with the human loss would be essential to convey the emotional impact of the disaster. Production began on September 1, 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the research vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Baja Studios were used to re-create the sinking. The film was co-financed by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; the former handled distribution in North America while the latter released the film internationally. It was the most expensive film ever made at the time, with a production budget of $200 million. Filming took place from July 1996 to March 1997.
Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved significant critical and commercial success, and then received numerous accolades. It was praised for its visual effects, performances (particularly DiCaprio, Winslet, and Stuart), production values, Cameron's direction, musical score, cinematography, story, and emotional depth. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied All About Eve (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben-Hur (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's next film, Avatar, surpassed it in 2010. A number of re-releases since 1997 have pushed the film's worldwide total to $2.249 billion, making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). It was also selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 2017 for being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". | With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved significant critical and commercial success, and then received numerous accolades. It was praised for its visual effects, performances (particularly DiCaprio, Winslet, and Stuart), production values, Cameron's direction, musical score, cinematography, story, and emotional depth. It was nominated for 14 Academy Awards, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director. |
Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of how turist visit the falls even if they are used for hydroelectric power production. | The Cascata delle Marmore (Italian: [kaˈskaːta delle ˈmarmore]) or Marmore Falls is a man-made waterfall created by the ancient Romans. Its total height is 165 m (541 feet), making it the tallest man-made waterfall in the world.
It is located 7.7 km from Terni, a provincial capital of the Italian region of Umbria.
Its source is a portion of the waters of the river Velino. After flowing through Piediluco lake near the community of Marmore (italian), it pours into the valley below formed by the river Nera. The flow of the waterfall depends on an off and on scale with a published schedule to support the power company nearby.
Most of the time, the water in the canals above the Cascata delle Marmore falls is diverted to a hydroelectric power plant, so the flow in the falls themselves is heavily reduced. Piediluco Lake, above the falls, is used as a reservoir for the power plant. The Galleto power plant, built in 1929, is architecturally interesting. Its capacity is about 530 MW. To control the operation of the power plant, and to satisfy tourists, the falls are turned on according to a set schedule, achieving a spectacular effect at full flow. An alarm is sounded first, then the gates are opened, and in a few minutes the small stream is transformed into a full-sized river rushing into the void below.
Normally, the falls are turned on between 12:00 and 13:00 and again between 16:00 and 17:00 every day, with additional times on holidays. An entrance fee is charged to visit the falls and the surrounding area.
A path along the falls allows the visitor to hike up to the top of the falls. Along the way, a tunnel leads to an observatory just next to the falls, where a visitor is likely to get soaked. Another observatory near the top affords a wide view of the falls and of the Nera valley below. | The Marmore Falls are used as a hydroelectric power plant, but to allow people to enjoy the spectacular water flow, the gates are periodically opened to present the full-sized river rushing into the void.
The tourists can visit the falls on a fixed schedule (12:00 to 13:00, 16:00 to 17:00 plus additional times on holidays) following paths that allow them to reach the top of the falls. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Rhiannon Blair was left in tears after her classmates poured lighter fuel over her precious notes and set them ablaze - destroying years of hard work in a few seconds of mindless vandalism . This is the shocking moment a gang of bullies set fire to a schoolgirl's GCSE coursework - before sending her a video of the cruel prank. Rhiannon Blair was left in tears after her classmates poured lighter fuel over her precious notes and set them ablaze - destroying years of hard work. The 15-year-old had not realised the work was missing until she was sent the video by her tormentors - who were suspended for just three days after the act of mindless vandalism. The footage shows the teenage bullies laughing and joking as they poured lighter fluid over the pile of papers on a picnic bench and set it alight. One boy even attempted to fan the flames by spraying it with a deodorant can while another threw in a lighter which eventually caused the notes to explode. A pupil then climbed onto the bench to trample over the cindered books. Police yesterday were investigating after the footage was posted online, but confirmed there had been no arrests so far. Rhiannon said she has been the victim of a campaign of bullying at Easthampstead Park Community School in Bracknell, Berkshire, since last September and suffered from anxiety and depression as a result. She now fears the stunt may put her entry to college in jeopardy. She said: 'I was shocked and disgusted when I was sent the video by one of the pupils involved. None of them seems to be sorry for what they have done or show any regret. I am just very upset and tearful that all my hard work has gone to waste. 'I have always wanted to work with children and it is what I had set my heart on doing for the rest of my life. I am not even sure if I can get a place on my course at the college anymore. I can't understand why anyone would do this.' The teenager, who dreams of a career as a nursery nurse, was just two weeks away from submitting the coursework when the bullies destroyed her work. One of the bullies shouts 'put a lighter on it' as another prepares to set fire to Rhiannon's coursework . Two boys reel away as the flaming pile of notes explodes thanks to a lighter that had been thrown on them . Her mother, Debbie Groom, said: 'I am so angry. These pupils have ruined my daughter's life. I would be mortified if that was my child carrying out that sort of behaviour. 'This incident is going to scar Rhiannon for life. She has been very stressed and upset but the reaction to the video being posted online has been amazing - it just shows that people do not like bullies.' Another pupil, 15-year-old Kayleigh Holloway from Hanworth, also had her child development coursework destroyed in the pile. Her uncle Neil Holloway said: 'I am disgusted by what has happened. I don't think the three days suspension given to the children involved was not enough punishment. 'They have all probably seen it as a nice holiday. Even though the school has said her grades won't be affected that is not the answer or what we want to hear. 'Kayleigh was very upset when she found out - she has got enough going on in her life without all of this.' Rihannon's mother Debbie Groom (pictured with Rhiannon's family, L-R: aunt Anne Yates, mother Debbie Groom, Rhiannon Blair and her sister Katie Blair) said the incident had scarred her daughter for life . Headteacher Liz Cook said letters had been sent out to everybody involved in the incident and assured the victims that their grades would not be affected. She said: 'The school has investigated the incident at length and its origins were a falling out between girls, property was taken as a spiteful act designed to disrupt the victim's lesson the following day. 'On reflection students have realised this act was a huge error of judgement on their part and have been shocked that their act has attracted a social media storm. 'This has been a steep learning curve for them all. The victims of the theft are also being supported as we make every effort to make sure their hard work and studies are not compromised. 'I hope for our students' sake that we will be able to put this incident behind us.' | Teens poured lighter fluid over Rhiannon Blair's work and set it ablaze . The 15-year-old's classmates then sent her a video of their cruel prank . Rhiannon fears missing her place at college after her work was destroyed . Bullies were suspended from school for just three days as punishment . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gemma Leung was told to cover up if she insisted breastfeeding her eight month old daughter on an easyJet flight to avoid offending other passengers . A mother was ordered to cover herself up when she tried to breastfeed her daughter on an easyJet flight because it might 'upset' other passengers. Mother-of-two Gemma Leung was preparing to feed eight-month-old Ruby-Bow as she flew from Spain to Gatwick to return home to Fareham in Hampshire, when she was told it was best she did not continue. The 27-year-old was then told if she insisted on breastfeeding she should put a blanket over herself so she didn't offend anyone. Mrs Leung, who was flying back to the UK from Spain after a business trip with her mother, said another member of staff later apologised to her. But she felt too embarrassed and upset to continue breastfeeding her daughter and was forced to leave her agitated and unhappy during the hourney. I couldn't believe what I was hearing,' said Mrs Leung. 'It ruined the whole trip for me and my mum. It's just not right.' Mrs Leung and her mother, Sasha Mueller, were on a flight from Valencia to Gatwick on Wednesday morning when she was asked by a male member of cabin crew to cover up if she fed her daughter. Mrs Leung said: 'We were just about to take off so I thought to calm her down I would feed her. 'Then he approached me and said he would rather I didn't do that on the flight as it might offend other passengers. 'I couldn't believe what I was hearing. Then he said that if I did breastfeed could I put a blanket over my baby. 'The air hostess came over afterwards and asked if I was okay. When I told her what happened her face dropped and she went and confronted him.' Mrs Leung said the male employee returned to speak to her again, but instead of apologising made the situation worse. Mrs Leung tried to feed her eight-month-old daughter Ruby-Bow when she became distressed on a flight . 'He came back and said 'it's a bit of a tricky situation and we need to consider other passengers and how they feel',' said Mrs Leung. 'No-one had complained about me feeding and there were quite a few babies on board. I was wearing a shirt, you couldn't see anything. 'It was so embarrassing for me. I didn't carry on breastfeeding after that so she was an unhappy baby for the flight and I got a few people looking at me because of that.' Mrs Leung's mother said she was angered by the comments. 'I was so shocked because we have used easyJet for years and never had a problem,' she said. 'I couldn't speak I was so angry. I was just shell-shocked that this had happened in the 21st century.' Mrs Leung, who is currently on maternity leave, submitted a complaint to easyJet when she returned from holiday and was told she would have to wait 28 days for a response. Gemma Leung flew with her eight month old daughter (pictured right and left) and her three-year-old (left) An easyJet spokesman said the incident was being investigated. The spokesman said: 'easyJet is a family friendly airline and our policy is that that passengers can breastfeed at any time during the flight including during take-off and landing and we do not require mothers to cover themselves. 'We are sorry that Mrs Leung was advised to cover up when breastfeeding onboard by one of our crew members on her flight from Valencia to London Gatwick on March 4. 'The crew member was immediately corrected by another member of crew who apologised to Mrs Leung. 'This does not reflect easyJet's policy on breastfeeding. We try to ensure we always consider the needs of families travelling onboard easyJet. 'We are now investigating with the staff involved and ensure that cabin crew are clear on our policy in relation to breastfeeding.' In February Ellie Hiscox went to Dough Pizza Kitchen, in Manchester's Northern Quarter, to celebrate her birthday. She deliberately booked a table there because she had had no problem breastfeeding there before, only to be told she must cover up if she wanted to continue feeding her three-month-old daughter. Last year Natasha Barnett, 29, from Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, was told she would not be allowed to breastfeed her daughter at Middleton Pool because of the site's food and drink regulations. In January new mothers invited to a summit on breast feeding at Edinburgh's Murrayfield Stadium were told it was not appropriate to bring their children because the venue was 'not designed to accommodate breastfeeding.' Louise Burns was asked to place a large napkin over her baby's head while she breastfed in Claridge's in London in December last year. The incident led to a protest outside the exclusive hotel, with 40 mothers holding a mass nursing protest. In 2014 Rhea Holley was branded a 'slut' by a couple in their 60s when she tried to breastfeed her baby at a Costa coffee in Purley in London. Heather Vaughan, 29, said she was left in tears after a male staff member at the National Museum of the Royal Navy in Portsmouth ordered her to stop breastfeeding in its creche, saying: ‘We don’t do that here' last March. The same month, Emily Slough was branded a ‘tramp’ by internet trolls after somebody took a photograph of her breastfeeding in public in Rugeley, Staffordshire. Elsewhere, nurses stopped Gemma Murphy, 37, from feeding her infant daughter in a waiting room at St Cross Hospital in Rugby. Anger: Ellie Hiscox was told she could not breastfeed daughter Jocelyn in a restaurant without covering up . | Gemma Leung flew from Spain to Gatwick with her young daughter . She was about to breastfeed the eight-month-old as they took off . But worker on easyJet flight asked her not to, or to at least cover herself . He said it was because it could upset other passengers on the plane . Another staff member apologised but Mrs Leung was too embarrassed . easyJet said its policy permits breastfeeding on flights and staff member was spoken to after the incident and corrected by another worker . |
From the passage provided, extract the name of the Director of the Star Wars movie | Star Wars (retroactively titled Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century-Fox. It is the first film in the Star Wars film series and fourth chronological chapter of the "Skywalker Saga". Set "a long time ago" in a fictional universe where the galaxy is ruled by the tyrannical Galactic Empire, the story focuses on a group of freedom fighters known as the Rebel Alliance, who aim to destroy the Empire's newest weapon, the Death Star. Luke Skywalker becomes caught in the conflict while learning the ways of a metaphysical power known as "the Force" from Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi. The cast includes Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Peter Cushing, Alec Guinness, David Prowse, James Earl Jones, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, and Peter Mayhew. | Star wars was directed and written by George Lucas |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Birmingham Bears have pulled off a major coup for the NatWest T20 Blast with the signing of New Zealand's powerhouse captain Brendon McCullum. The reigning champions will be able to call on the services of the explosive 33-year-old batsman for their final seven matches of this year's competition. McCullum will link up with the Bears once New Zealand's tour of England has been concluded and his first game is scheduled to be against Lancashire Lightning on June 26 at Old Trafford. New Zealand's powerhouse captain Brendon McCullum has signed for Birmingham Bears for the T20 Blast . McCullum will link up with the Birmingham Bears once New Zealand's tour of England has been concluded . He will arrive on these shores with a fearsome reputation after playing a starring role at the top of the order in the Black Caps' run to the World Cup final. Among his four half-centuries in nine matches for the co-hosts was a destructive 77 off just 25 balls against England in Wellington. Dougie Brown, Birmingham Bears director of cricket, said: 'Brendon's dynamic performances in the ICC Cricket World Cup have demonstrated once again exactly why he is one of the most feared batsmen in the game. 'Securing his availability for our last seven games has to make him one of the biggest overseas player signings in the competition's history. 'His power at the top of the order and experience of playing in big matches are great assets to bolster our already strong squad as we look to win through to the quarter-finals and defend our NatWest T20 Blast title.' He arrives with a fearsome reputation after playing starring role during New Zealand's run to World Cup final . McCullum is the leading run scorer in the history of T20 internationals, with 2,105 at an average over 35, with two centuries. He said: 'The Birmingham Bears had a great season last year, including winning the NatWest T20 Blast, and hopefully I can make a big contribution and ensure that we can progress in the tournament. 'Edgbaston is a fantastic ground to play at and hopefully it will be rocking for the big Friday night matches. I'm really excited about becoming a Bear and the challenge ahead.' Elsewhere, Leicestershire have signed Ireland’s big-hitting all-rounder Kevin O’Brien for the T20 Blast but Lancashire’s plans for the new season have been rocked by seamer Peter Siddle’s inclusion in Australia’s Test squad. | Birmingham Bears have signed New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum . McCullum will be available for their final seven Natwest T20 Blast matches . The 33-year-old will join the Bears after New Zealand's tour of England . He will arrive with a fearsome reputation after impressing at the World Cup . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It's Hot or Not time again as Riath Al-Samarrai reveals what's been making him feel warm this week and what's been leaving him cold inside. Radamel Falcao bagged a brace for Colombia on Thursday night, but his double against minnows Bahrain is unlikely to rescue his Manchester United career. WHAT'S HOT . RADAMEL FALCAO . The Colombian scored twice against Bahrain and the skies did not turn dark and deadly plagues did not strike. But looking at Bahrain’s starting XI, his Manchester United resurgence is not a sure thing. Radamel Falcao celebrates the second of his two goals for Colombia in their friendly against Bahrain . Falcao pierces through the hapless Bahrain defence on Thursday night as he enjoys valuable game time . MANNY PACQUIAO . Or rather his massive calves. He gets severe cramps, poor chap, so needs a special anti-inflammatory cream. Alas, he doesn’t have US medical insurance and so each small tube costs £1,200. The £95m he is set to make from fighting Floyd Mayweather should help. Pacquiao's trainer Freddie Roach (right) revealed his fighter suffers from bad leg cramps in training . AARON BADDELEY . The Australian golfer played one of the most absurd holes in memory at the par-four 17th in the Texas Open. He hooked his drive way left and went to look for it in the woods but declared it unplayable. He returned to the tee, reloaded and holed his drive from 336 yards for a birdie three. Andrew Magee (2001 Phoenix Open) has the only par-four ace in PGA Tour history. WHAT'S NOT . FERNANDO ALONSO . The Spaniard (below) has gone rogue. Again. This time he’s blaming his McLaren car for last month’s crash in practice – a version of events disputed by a 37-page report, numerous experts and 300 sensors on the car. Fernando Alonso IS blaming his McLaren car for last month’s crash in practice . AUDLEY HARRISON . Sad to see a career that has drawn so much derision end with the revelation he is suffering brain injuries and faces bankruptcy. Boxers are a stubborn lot and Harrison was deluded, by his own admission, but those around him should have been stronger. Audley Harrison is suffering from traumatic brain injuries and is facing bankruptcy after retiring from boxing . KEVIN PIETERSEN . Poor old Pietersen. He jumps through all the hoops to play for Surrey in a competition that no-one really watches, all so he can maybe, hopefully, possibly play for England again... if an asteroid strikes the bus carrying all the selectors. Who could have known that years of egotistical behaviour and slagging off your captain would count for so much? Andrew Strauss feels Kevin Pietersen's efforts to play himself back into the England Test will be in vain . | Radamel Falcao scored twice for Colombia against minnows Bahrain . Manny Pacquiao spends £1,200 on anti-inflammatory leg cream . Fernando Alonso blames his McLaren car for last month’s crash . Audley Harrison reveals battle with bankruptcy and brain injuries . |
From the passage provided, extract the population of Bainbridge Island | Bainbridge Island is a city and island in Kitsap County, Washington. It is located in Puget Sound. The population was 23,025 at the 2010 census and an estimated 25,298 in 2019, making Bainbridge Island the second largest city in Kitsap County.
The island is separated from the Kitsap Peninsula by Port Orchard, with Bremerton lying to the southwest. Bainbridge Island is a suburb of Seattle, connected via the Washington State Ferries system and to Poulsbo and the Suquamish Indian Reservation by State Route 305, which uses the Agate Pass Bridge. | The population was 23,025 at the 2010 census |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It’s the hope that kills you. Just ask Queens Park Rangers manager Chris Ramsey. There was a period at Loftus Road when you envisaged nothing other than victory for the relegation-threatened home side. Instead, they got nothing, just a 10th defeat in 11 matches. Without a dramatic turnaround in fortunes QPR are heading back to the Championship. Aaron Lennon sprints away in celebration having given Everton a late lead at Loftus Road in their Premier League match with QPR . Everton right back Seamus Coleman runs away in celebration having fired the away side infront at Loftus Road on Sunday evening . QPR keeper Rob Green (left) watches Coleman's rocket of a strike fly into the top corner as Everton went 1-0 up after 18 minutes . Eduardo Vargas (left) is free to head in QPR's equaliser at Loftus Road in the second-half of the Premier League contest with Everton . Vargas runs away in celebration, having scored his second goal for the club, as the Loftus Road faithful erupt . QPR (4-4-2): Green 6; Isla 6.5, Onuoha 6.5, Caulker 6.5, Yun 6.5; Phillips 6.5, Sandro 6.5 (Henry 71, 6), Barton 7, Hoilett 6.5 (Vargas 60, 7); Zamora 6.5 (Taarabt 82), Austin 6.5. Subs not used: Ferdinand, Hill, McCarthy, Kranjcar . Scorer: Vargas 65 . Booked: Hoilett, Yun . Manager: Chris Ramsey 6.5 . Everton (4-5-1): Howard 6; Coleman 8, Jagielka 7, Stones 7, Baines 6.5; McCarthy 7, Gibson 7, Osman 6.5; Lennon 6.5, Kone 6.5 (Naismith 72); Lukaku 6.5 (Barkey 67) Subs not used: Robles, Besic, Browning, Garbutt, Alcaraz . Scorers: Coleman 18, Lennon 77 . Manager: Roberto Martinez - 7 . Referee: Jonathan Moss - 6.5 . MOTM: Coleman . Attendance: 17, 706 . Seamus Coleman completed a fine team move for Everton's opener . CLICK HERE to see more from Sportsmail's MATCH ZONE . But Ramsey believes 12 points from their final eight games will be enough to see his side safe. He said: ‘We’re not in need of a miracle, but we need a miraculous run of form and I think we are capable of doing that. ‘We deserved more but we should have maximised that performance with at least a point or three. The players are disappointed because the performance was very good. We are showing everyone there’s plenty of fight in us. There have been teams in slightly worse situations who have survived.’ Much will depend on QPR’s next two fixtures: they face West Brom on Saturday week before heading to Aston Villa three days later. The pressure is mounting and Ramsey knows it. ‘What do we need from the games against West Brom and Aston Villa? Six points. There’s no point in saying we need a point, we need wins.’ Opposing managers Roberto Martinez of Everton (left) and Chris Ramsey of QPR (right) have a quick chat before kick-off on Sunday . The Everton players congratulate Coleman (right) after his opener at Loftus Road put Everton 1-0 up at half-time . Ramsey’s mood was in stark contrast to Roberto Martinez, who described this victory as his most satisfying since taking over in the summer of 2013. It has been a rough week for the Everton boss. The 5-2 Europa League hammering against Dynamo Kiev on Thursday added to the criticism levelled at him and graffiti on the walls of Goodison Park calling for the Spaniard to be sacked did not help his mood. This win did, though. He said: ‘This wasn’t a day to be technical, this was a day to be strong as a group of players. ‘The graffiti? We are a very passionate club. When you don’t get the results you want, you will get unrest. As a manager I accept that but I focus on what I need to do to get a winning team. I always respect the views from the outside.’ The win, which puts Everton on the brink of safety, did come at a cost, however. Forward’s Arouna Kone and Romelu Lukaku will both be assessed this morning after sustaining respective knee and hamstring injuries. After a bright opening from the hosts, Everton took an 18th-minute lead against the run of play. It was a cracker, too, Seamus Coleman stroking a right-footed angled shot from 16 yards past Robert Green. The goal encapsulated QPR’s season. Mauricio Isla (centre) of QPR attempts to challenge Everton's Leon Osman (centre left) with other players trying to get involved . QPR strikers Charlie Austin (left) and Bobby Zamora (right) attempt to score past on-coming Everton keeper Tim Howard . After going close to taking the lead through Nedum Onuoha, they were behind a minute later. But there comes a point when it stops being unlucky. Rangers fans are starting to acknowledge that and their reaction to poor play from Bobby Zamora in the first half was testament to that. Zamora celebrates a possible goal for Everton but his strike was ruled out for offside as QPR searched for a valuable victory . Everton left back Leighton Baines (left) shields the ball away from Matty Philips during the Premier League contest at Loftus Road . QPR captain Joey Barton, having returned from a three match suspension, issues instructions to team-mate Mauricio Isla . Sandro of QPR (left) and defender Steven Caulker (right) try to dispossess Everton striker Romelu Lukaku . Ramsey’s side mustered a reaction when substitute Eduardo Vargas equalised from close range in the 65th minute. Loftus Road was rocking, home fans sensing what could be a season-defining three points. The optimism did not last long, however, as Everton secured the victory 12 minutes later through Aaron Lennon’s first goal for the club. Rob Green is makes sure a Everton effort on goal flies over his crossbar during their Premier League match on Sunday afternoon . Barton of QPR grapples with Everton midfielder Darron Gibson (right) as both sides hoped to ease their relegation fears . Aaron Lennon scores a late winner for the away side as they secured three crucial points to defeat QPR at Loftus Road . Lennon is mobbed by his Everton team-mates having scored his first goal for the club and winning three points for his side . Everton's Phil Jagielka applauds the traveling fans after the game against QPR, as the away side left with three points . HULL . Swansea (Away) - April 4 . Southampton (Away) - April 11 . Liverpool (Home) - April 18 . Crystal Palace (Away) - April 25 . Arsenal (Home) - May 2 . Burnley (Home) - May 9 . Tottenham (Away) - May 16 . Man United (Home) - May 24 . ASTON VILLA . Man United (Away) - April 4 . Tottenham (Away) - April 11 . Man City (Away) - April 25 . Everton (Home) - May 2 . West Ham (Home) - May 9 . Southampton (Away) - May 16 . Burnley (Home) - May 24 . *QPR (Home) - Date to be arranged . SUNDERLAND . Newcastle (Home) - April 5 . Crystal Palace (Home) - April 11 . Stoke (Away) - April 25 . Southampton (Home) - May 2 . Everton (Away) - May 9 . Leicester (Home) - May 16 . Chelsea (Away) - May 24 . * Arsenal (Away) - Date to be arranged . BURNLEY . Tottenham (Home) - April 5 . Arsenal (Home) - April 11 . Everton (Away) - April 18 . Leicester (Home) - April 25 . West Ham (Away) - May 2 . Hull (Away) - May 9 . Stoke (Home) - May 16 . Aston Villa (Away) - May 24 . QPR . West Brom (Away) - April 4 . Chelsea (Home) - April 12 . West Ham (Home) - April 25 . Liverpool (Away) - May 2 . Man City (Away) - May 9 . Newcastle (Home) - May 16 . Leicester (Away) - May 24 . *Aston Villa (Away) - Date to be arranged . LEICESTER . West Ham (Home) - April 4 . West Brom (Away) - April 11 . Swansea (Home) - April 18 . Burnley (Away) - April 25 . Chelsea (Home) - April 29 . Newcastle (Home) - May 2 . Southampton (Home) - May 9 . Sunderland (Away) - May 16 . QPR (Home) - May 24 . Note: Fixtures in May subject to change for television schedule. | Seamus Coleman fired Roberto Martinez's side ahead with his fifth goal of the season for Everton on 18 minutes . Eduardo Vargas equalised for the home side on 65 minutes with his second goal for Queens Park Rangers . Aaron Lennon scored his first goal for Everton to send the Toffees back in front late in the second-half . |
From the example given in this paragraph, what is an eigenvector? | The Mona Lisa example pictured here provides a simple illustration. Each point on the painting can be represented as a vector pointing from the center of the painting to that point. The linear transformation in this example is called a shear mapping. Points in the top half are moved to the right, and points in the bottom half are moved to the left, proportional to how far they are from the horizontal axis that goes through the middle of the painting. The vectors pointing to each point in the original image are therefore tilted right or left, and made longer or shorter by the transformation. Points along the horizontal axis do not move at all when this transformation is applied. Therefore, any vector that points directly to the right or left with no vertical component is an eigenvector of this transformation, because the mapping does not change its direction. Moreover, these eigenvectors all have an eigenvalue equal to one, because the mapping does not change their length either. | An eigenvector of a mapping is any vector that does not change direction when the mapping is applied to it. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former Charlton and West Ham manager Alan Curbishley has joined Fulham’s coaching team until the end of the season. Curbishley has been brought in to help out manager Kit Symons in the remaining 11 matches in the Championship this season. Curbishley spent a short spell at Fulham as director of football last season – but was sacked when Felix Magath was appointed manager in February last year. Former Charlton manager Alan Curbishley has joined Fulham’s coaching team until the end of the season . Curbishley has been brought in to help out manager Kit Symons in the remaining 11 matches . Fulham have struggled in recent weeks and are 20th in the Championship and have won just once in their last eight games. Now Symons has brought Curbishley back to the club as part of his backroom team, and the Fulham manager said: ‘I am delighted. Alan is someone who I know reasonably well. And I know him by reputation extremely well. He’s been around a long time with a wealth of experience. ‘That’s the one thing that myself and my staff, who have been fantastic I’ve got to say, haven’t got at that level. He’s got that experience in abundance. I’ ll be certainly tapping into him trying to get as much knowledge and use his experience as much as possible. ‘I want to be as good as I can be and want the staff to be as good as they can be and I want the football club to do as well as it can. And Alan Curbishley coming in will help that.’ Ryan Tunnicliffe in action during Fulham's recent 1-0 Championship defeat by Watford . Curbishley and Ray Wilkins pictured as technical director and assistant manager last season . | Alan Curbishley spent time as Fulham's director of football last season . The former Charlton manager was sacked when Felix Magath joined . But Curbishley has returned to the club for the rest of the season . Curbishley will join manager Kit Symons' backroom staff . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Lindsey Vonn lifted her crystal globe prize with pride after winning the World Cup downhill title for a seventh time, Wednesday. A crystal ball might be more useful for the American star, who has faced plenty of slippery slopes in her dramatic skiing career. The 30-year-old has twice fought back from a career-threatening right knee injury but this season she has been back to her brilliant best. At the final meeting of the ski season in the pretty French resort of Meribel, Vonn raced to more records on the women's World Cup tour -- a seventh downhill season title and her 18th crystal globe overall. The sparkly spheres are handed out to winners of the World Cup individual disciplines. "This downhill title probably means more to me than the others because I've been through so much," Vonn told CNN's Alpine Edge. "It means everything to me, this is what I've been working so hard for for the last two years. "This season definitely got off to a better start than I expected and I've had some ups and downs for sure but to come away with a globe after a long season is something that I'm really proud of, so it couldn't be better for me right now, I'm so thrilled." Vonn, who credits boyfriend Tiger Woods with inspiring her recovery, fended off the challenge of Austria's Anna Fenninger to claim the downhill crown by 103 points. Despite the softening snow, the American won the downhill race with a fastest time of one minute, 29.87 seconds while Fenninger finished off the pace in eighth. As she crossed the line, she punched the air and screamed at the crowd when she saw she was in first position. After receiving her crystal globe, she celebrated with her team by popping champagne and spraying it over her nearby supporters. Vonn and Fenninger will renew their rivalry Thursday for the super-G title, where Vonn holds an eight-point lead over her challenger. If Vonn wins tomorrow she will equal Swede Ingemar Stenmark, who owns an overall record of 19 crystal globes. "I'm not thinking about that," Vonn insisted with a laugh. "It's always hard to get titles - it's a long season, and it takes a lot to win the crystal globe but tomorrow I'm just going to be focusing on skiing my best, just as I did today." | Lindsey Vonn wins record-breaking seventh downhill title . It's also a record 18th World Cup title for the American ski star . |
Where did xiaolongbao originate from and what are some key types | "Xiaolongbao" originated in Changzhou, Jiangsu province, by Wan Hua Tea House in the years of Daoguang Emperor (1820 to 1850). Xiaolongbao evolved from the guantangbao (soup-filled dumplings/buns) from Kaifeng, Henan province, the capital city of Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960–1127).
There are numerous styles of xiaolongbao in Jiangsu cuisine. Shanghai-style xiaolongbao originated in Nanxiang, which was a neighboring village of Shanghai in Jiangsu that eventually ended up becoming an outer suburb of Shanghai's Jiading District. The inventor of xiaolongbao sold them in his first store in Nanxiang next to the town's notable park, Guyi Garden. From there the xiaolongbao expanded into downtown Shanghai and outward. The Suzhou and Wuxi styles are larger (sometimes twice as large as a Nanxiang-style soup dumpling) and have sweeter fillings. The Nanjing style is smaller with an almost translucent skin and less meat. | Xiaolongbao were first seen in Chengzhou which is located in Jiangsu province.
Since it's humble beginnings it has spread far and wide and there exist many variants.
A few common types are the:
- Shanghai Style
- Suzhou Style
- Wuxi Style
- Nanjing Style |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Gill will become the most powerful administrator in English football when he is elected onto the FIFA ExCo at the UEFA Congress in Vienna. He is a certainty to be the landslide choice of the 54 UEFA voting territories to succeed Northern Ireland's Jim Boyce, despite rival FA of Wales president Trefor Lloyd-Hughes claiming the FA have reneged on a signed agreement that it was the Welsh turn. Gill's FIFA seat as the British vice-president will give him unprecedented football influence added to his other roles on the UEFA ExCo, FA vice-chairman, Premier League representative on the FA and Manchester United director. David Gill is widely expected to succeed Jim Boyce as FIFA's British vice-president on Tuesday . Gill has been backed by FA Chairman Greg Dyke to ensure ethics and transparency in the organisation . And FA chairman Greg Dyke, one of those along with UEFA chief Michel Platini who persuaded Gill to change his mind about working for a Sepp Blatter-led FIFA, wants urbane accountant Gill to be 'awkward' and stir up trouble in Zurich by asking hard questions of the FIFA president during his likely fifth term of office. Dyke said: 'David will do the job properly. FIFA needs to have someone from the awkward squad asking tough questions. There is a feeling there have been too many acolytes and not enough people ensuring decisions are taken in a transparent, ethical and business-like manner.' England rugby head coach Stuart Lancaster will head for a poolside bar with a beer or just lie in a darkened room when he goes on holiday to Tenerife this week to reflect on the agonising near miss in the Six Nations and plan for the World Cup. 'It's just a bit of space to get my head straight before I dive back into everything,' he said. Lancaster always travels to the same destination on Tenerife for his private thinking time after major tournaments, which his wife Nina describes as going into his 'cave'. Daughter Sophie reacted to Lancaster dining alone in a restaurant in Tenerife by calling him 'weirdo' in a text message. Lancaster wouldn't give his exact holiday location when asked, saying: 'I'm not going to tell you where it is in case you start following me around.' But his chances of escaping attention from British hordes in the Canary Islands are slim. England rugby head coach Stuart Lancaster will take a holiday retreat to Tenerife following the Six Nations . England fell one try short of a first Six Nations title since 2011 after their 55-35 victory over France . Twickenham charging £41 for wheelchair access to England matches, as revealed by Sports Agenda, has caused so much upset following long established free entry, the issue is going to be looked at by the international ticket committee as well as the RFU board and council. RFU staff are said to have implemented the new cost without first going through the ticketing committee. BBC and BT rugby pundit Matt Dawson chose to tweet a picture of Twickenham personnel rehearsing podium preparation for a Six Nations presentation to 'champions' England before the French match. The image, which provoked the arrogant England stereotype, was soon deleted. When Saracens announced the departure last Friday evening of Ed Griffiths, stand-out chief executive in English rugby for the past seven years, it looked a classic case of media-savvy Griffiths burying bad news on the eve of the Six Nations. However, it has emerged that highly-talented Griffiths is not leaving of his own accord. His exit is understood to be more to do with a breakdown of relationships with other powerbrokers at the club than alleged salary cap breaches. Griffiths was reported to be leaving at the end of the season but has ceased day-to-day work. Broadcaster John Inverdale should be relieved his c-word slip of the tongue — 'rose-****** glasses' — while presenting Radio 5 Live's Cheltenham coverage hasn't cost him his prime role anchoring ITV's broadcast of the Rugby World Cup, an event more anticipated after such an epic finale to the Six Nations. John Inverdale, pictured here working for the BBC, was recorded swearing on air during Cheltenham . The European Club Association, having agreed a much improved financial deal with FIFA for club payments when releasing players for the 2018 and 2022 World Cup, have demonstrated they want their status to rise accordingly. They have hired sport strategist Jon Tibbs's PR company JTA, who also work for Manchester United, to represent them. | David Gill looks set to succeed Jim Boyce FIFA's British vice-president . FA Chairman Greg Dyke says that Gill will ensure transparency throughout the organisation and will ask 'tough questions' England rugby head coach Stuart Lancaster will take a holiday in Tenerife following the Six Nations disappointment . The RFU board will review £41 ticket prices for disabled access at Twickenham . Ed Griffiths' departure from Saracens is due to a breakdown in relationship with powerbrokers at the club . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Have you ever been so excited by scoring a goal that you felt the need to celebrate by aggressively pulling a goat by its horns? No, me neither, but Cologne's Nigerian forward Anthony Ujah certainly as the 24-year-old celebrated scoring his side's fourth goal against Frankfurt by doing exactly that. The goat involved was Cologne mascot Hennes VIII who was quietly minding his own business on the sidelines while watching the game with his handlers. Cologne's Nigerian forward Anthony Ujah celebrates his goal by man handling a goat against Frankfurt . The 24-year-old African striker ran over to the touchline to pull the goat by the horns during the match . The goats' handlers try to stop the Nigerian international from pulling the goat on to the football pitch . But Hennes peaceful afternoon in the German sun was short lived as he was rudely pulled away from his tasty grass to be part of one of the weirdest celebrations football has ever seen. Nigerian international Ujah slotted the ball neatly past Frankfurt's opposition goalkeeper before running to the sidelines screaming before pulling the goat all over the place by it's horns. Worried handlers appeared to try and stop the former Lillestrom player from pulling Hennes on to the pitch and he eventually let go as his teammates joined in the celebrations. The striker later celebrated on his own in a far more normal way following his goal against Frankfurt . | Anthony Ujah scored Cologne's fourth and celebrated in peculiar fashion . The Nigerian international run over to the sidelines to celebrate with a goat . Club mascot Hennes VIII found himself vigorously pulled by the striker . Cologne went on to beat Frankfurt 4-2 at the RheinEnergieStadion . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Gennaro Gattuso has applied for the job as manager of Oldham Athletic. The Italian World Cup winner, 37, joins an eclectic list of more than 120 candidates for the post at the League One club which includes former Netherlands international Winston Bogarde. VIDEO Scroll down to see Gattuso losing the plot as OFI Crete manager . Gennaro Gattuso wants to be the next manager at League One Oldham Athletic . Gattuso, who played 73 times for his country and lifted the World Cup in 2006, is currently unattached after spells in charge of FC Sion, Palermo and OFI Crete. He made his name as a tough tackling midfielder at Rangers before he returned to Italy with Salernitana in 1998. Gattuso, who also applied for the Hamilton Academical job in January, would go on to make more than 300 appearances for AC Milan during a 13-year stint at the San Siro. Oldham remain without a manager after Lee Johnson jumped ship to join League One rivals Barnsley in February. Gattuso enjoyed hugely-successful 13-year spell with Milan, where he won two Champions League titles . Johnson is set to face a hostile reception when he returns to Boundary Park with his new club on Saturday. Oldham spoke to Paul Scholes about the likelihood of taking over from Johnson but the Manchester United legend, who lives in the town, decided that the timing was not right. Others to be linked with the job include ex-West Bromwich Albion manager Alan Irvine, former Manchester City coaches Scott Sellars and Steve Eyre and Iain Dowie, who managed the club from 2002 to 2003. | Gennaro Gattuso wants to be next boss of League One Oldham Athletic . He has had spells in charge of FC Sion, Palermo and OFI Crete . The 37-year-old also applied for Hamilton Academical job in January . |
Extract the retirement age in France, Germany, Sweden, Austria, and Poland for men and women. | Retirement age
Country Men Women Year Notes Ref
Albania 65 61 2020
Argentina 65 60
Armenia 63 2011
Australia 67 2021 In Australia the retirement age is being increased gradually to 67 years by July 2023.
Austria 65 60 2015 In Austria the retirement age for women is to be equalized to the retirement age for men (65) by 2033.
Azerbaijan 65 60 2017 In Azerbaijan the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2021 (for men) and by 2027 (for women)
Belarus 63 58 2021 By 2022, the age will be 63 for men and 58 for women.
Bangladesh 59 2013
Belgium 60–65 2019 The legal retirement age (the age at which one can retire, regardless of career length) in Belgium is 65 in 2019. in 2025 it will be 66 and in 2030 it will be 67, both for women and men.
Early retirement is possible from 60 onwards with a career of at least 44 years, from 61 onwards with at least 43 years, or from 63 onwards with a career of at least 42 years. Some exceptions exist, mainly in the required number of years.
A career year is considered if it contains at least 104 days (in full time equivalent).
Bosnia and Herzegovina 65 2011
Brazil 65 62 2019 Certain individuals, such as rural workers, teachers and police officers, have a lower minimum age.
Brazil also requires workers to have contributed to social security for a minimum amount of time before they become eligible to claim benefits. To start receiving partial benefits, all private-sector workers are required have contributed for at least 20 years (for men) or 15 years (for women). Public-sector workers are required to have contributed for at least 25 years. To receive full benefits all workers must have contributed for at least 40 years (for men) or 35 years (for women).
British Virgin Islands 65 2017
Bulgaria 64.083 61.167 2018 In Bulgaria the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 65 years by 2029 for men and by 2037 for women.
Cameroon 50–60 2019 The legal retirement age at which one (men or women) can retire is 60 with at least 20 years of coverage and at least 180 months of contributions, including 60 months in the last 10 years. Employment must cease.
Early retirement age is 50 with at least 20 years of coverage and at least 180 months of contributions, including 60 months in the last 10 years. The pension is payable abroad only under reciprocal agreement.
Canada 60–65
Further information: Pensions in Canada
The standard age to begin receiving a CPP retirement pension is when one attains age 65 (the month following the 65th birthday). However, one may receive a reduced CPP retirement pension as early as the month following the 60th birthday. Alternatively, one may receive an increased pension after reaching age 65. Canada also has a pension supplement with different rules called Old Age Security (OAS).
Chile 65 60
China 60 50–55 2011 The retirement age in China currently is 60 for men and 55 for female civil servants and 50 for female workers.
Colombia 62 57 2014
Croatia 65 62.75 2021 By 2030 there will be an equal age for women and men set at 65.
Cuba 65 60 2015 The retirement age threshold was increased by 5 years in 2015
Cyprus 65 2011
Czech Republic 62.833 58–62 2015 In the Czech Republic, in the year 2015, men had the retirement age of 62 years 10 months and women had it between 58 and 62, depending on number of children. In Czech Republic, the retirement age is in the process of being increased, and therefore depends on year of birth (for individuals born after 1977 it may exceed even 67, e.g. a person born in year 1995 must be at least 70 years old.) For women the retirement age depends on the number of raised children as well. For people born in 1975, the retirement age will be the same (66y8m) regardless of sex and number of children raised; and this age will reach 67 for people born in 1977.
Denmark 67 2021 In Denmark, the retirement age will be increased gradually to reach 67 years by 2022. From 2030 onwards, it will be increased a maximum of one year every five years depending on increases in average lifespan.
See also: Pensions in Denmark
Egypt 60 2015
Estonia 64 2021 In Estonia the retirement age is to be increased gradually to 65 years by 2026. After 2026, it will be linked to the average life expectancy
Finland 63.75–68 2021
France 62–67 2018 The minimal retirement age has gradually increased from 60 to 62 years by 2018.
See also: Pensions in France
Georgia 65 60 2011
Germany 60–67 2021 In Germany the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 67 years by 2029. For a long time the most common mandatory retirement age was 65, although in East Germany it was 60.
See also: Pensions in Germany
Greece 67 2021
Hong Kong 60–65 2017 Retirement age 65. Early retirement possible between the ages of 60 and 64. Some disciplined services staff of the government have lower retirement age.
Hungary 65 2021 The age was 63 in 2018, but was raised to 65 by 2022. Women with 40 years of insurance can retire at any age.
Iceland 67 2007
India 60–65 2014 In the public sector, the retirement age is 62 while in the private sector it depends on the individual company and the maximum being 65.
Indonesia 58 2022 In Indonesia, provisions relating to pensions are regulated in Government Regulation Number 45 of 2015 Article 15 concerning the Implementation of the Pension Guarantee Program, in PP 45/2015 the following matters are regulated:
For the first time the Retirement Age is set at 56 (fifty six years). Starting January 1, 2019, the retirement age as referred to in paragraph (1) will be 57 (fifty seven) years. The Retirement Age as referred to in paragraph (2) is further increased by 1 (one) year for every subsequent 3 (three) years until it reaches the Retirement Age of 65 (sixty five) years. By referring to the regulation, the retirement age limit in Indonesia is 58 years in 2022 and will reach the maximum retirement age limit, which is 65 years in 2043.
Iran 60 55 2018
Ireland 66 2021 In Ireland the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.
Israel 67 62 2011
Italy 62–67 2021 Must have paid contributions for at least 20 years (At 67 years and 3 months).
Those who have paid contributions for at least 41 years can retire at 62.
Those who have paid contributions for at least 41 years and 10 months (women) or 42 years and 10 months (men) can retire regardless of age.
Japan 64 62 2022
See also: Pensions in Japan and Elderly people in Japan
While the government is at it with early retirement prevention, the age is expected to increase gradually to 65 years of age by 2025.
Kazakhstan 63 58 2015 From 2017 the retirement age for women is to be increased gradually and reach 63 years in 2027
Kosovo 65 65 2014
North Korea 60 55 1999
South Korea 60 2016 Employers with more than 300 employees are required to extend the retiring age to 60. From 1 January 2017, it will be mandatory for all employers nationwide.
Kyrgyzstan 63 58 2011
Latvia 64 2021 The age will be 65 by 2025.
Libya 65 60 2017
Liechtenstein 64 2007
Lithuania 64.167 63.333 2021 In Lithuania, the retirement age will be raised to 65 for both men and women by 2026.
Luxembourg 65 2011
Malaysia 60 2013 In Malaysia, The Congress of Unions of Employees in the Public and Civil Services (Cuepacs) wants the government to consider extending the retirement age for civil servants from 60 to 62, but the government has no immediate plan to extend it as the current retirement age is deemed as sufficient.
Malta 63 2021 In Malta the retirement age is being increased gradually to 65 years by 2027.
Mexico 65 2015 Retirement age is expected to be increased in the coming years.
Moldova 63 60 2022 Retirement age for women is increasing every 6 months until it reaches 63 years in 2028
Montenegro 66 64 2022
Morocco 63 2014 Abdelilah Benkirane increased the retirement age to 63 since 2015.
Namibia 50–60 2015 The early retirement age for public employees is 55 years, but will be reduced to 50 years (in 2016).
Nepal 65 2021
Netherlands 66–68 2018 Although official retirement age is 68, AOW (Algemene Ouderdomswet, meaning General Old Age Law) state pension will be received starting at the age of 66. AOW eligibility is tied to life expectancy and will gradually increase to 67 in 2021.
New Zealand 65 2019
North Macedonia 64 62 2011
Norway 62–67 2018
See also: Pensions in Norway
The general retirement age is currently set to age 67 however, given sufficient pension contributions it is possible to retire as early as at age 62. The longer an individual postpones withdrawing a pension, the greater the government pension provision becomes.
Oman 65 2013 The age is 60 if in hazardous or unhealthy occupations.
Pakistan 60 2012
Peru 60 2018
Philippines 60 1990 The retirement age for an employee depends on the employment contract. Upon retirement, the retired employee should be given his/her benefits according to the agreement or contract between the employer and the employee. However, if there is no existing retirement plan or agreement for the employee, he/she may retire at the age of 60, given that he/she has served the employer for 5 years, and shall be given a retirement pay of at least half a month's salary for every year of service (6 months of work given is considered as 1 whole year for the retirement pay).
Poland 65 60 2016
Portugal 66.5 2021
Romania 65 61.75 2019 The age for women is being increased gradually. It will reach 63 by 2030.
Russia 61.5 56.5 2021 From 2019 the retirement age for men (women) would gradually increase from 60 (55) to 65 (60) years by 2028; first it was intended to hike the age for women to 63 but later the plan was softened.
Saudi Arabia 60 2014 In Saudi Arabia, the retirement age is based on the Hijiri (lunar) calendar.
Serbia 65 63.5 2023 Both men and women can retire when they reach their respective retirement age and have at least 15 years of insurance coverage. Or, have 45 years of insurance coverage regardless of age. The retirement age for women is increased by 2 months every year and it will be the same as for men, 65 in 2032.
Singapore 62–65 2012 In Singapore, the Retirement Age Act (RAA) has been replaced by the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) in 2012. Under the RRA, the statutory minimum retirement age is still 62, but employers are now required to offer re-employment to eligible employees who turn 62, up to the age of 65. The bill will gradually increase the retirement and re-employment ages for Singapore employees to 65 and 70 years old, respectively. By 2030, the retirement age will have been increased to 65 and the re-employment age will have been raised to 70, in a step-by-step approach.
Slovakia 62 2017 In Slovakia the retirement age for women depends on the number of children. The retirement age will be equalized for men and women at 62 in 2017. The retirement age as of October 2022 is 63 years with the conditions.
Slovenia 65 2021
Spain 65 2021 The age will be 67 by 2027.
See also: Pensions in Spain
Sri Lanka 55 2014
Sweden 61–67 2021
Switzerland 65 64 2021 65 for women by January 2025.
Taiwan 66 2015 In Taiwan the retirement age is to be increased gradually and reach 68 years by 2028.
Tajikistan 63 58 2011
Thailand 60 2015 except a president of a university can work beyond 60 years
Trinidad and Tobago 60–65 2015
Tunisia 62–65 2019
Turkmenistan 62 57 2011
Turkey 60 58 2014 Retirement age was gradually increased since 1980s, from 45 for men and 40 for women Current ages will increase to 65 for both genders by 2048. Additionally, various minimum days of service is required, which is currently 7000 days. It will become 7200 days (20 years) by 2048. One is subject to the laws on the day he/she started working.
Ukraine 60 2021
United Arab Emirates 65 2010 In the United Arab Emirates the mandatory retirement age was raised from 60 to 65 in 2010, enabling the UAE to retain its needed expat skilled work force longer for key construction projects.
United Kingdom 66–68 2019 State pension age equalized at 65 in 2018. It increased to 66 on 6 October 2020, and will go up to 67 by 2028 and 68 by 2037.
See also: Pensions in the United Kingdom
United States 62–67 2023
Main article: Pensions in the United States
Retirees are eligible to receive reduced Social Security payments at the age of 62. People 65 and over are eligible to receive Medicare benefits if they paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years. The full retirement age is 67 for everyone born in 1960 or later. If a prospective retiree delays taking out benefits from 67 up to age 70, benefit amount will increase.
Uruguay 60–70 2009 60 years and 30 working years minimum (1995), or 65 years and 25 working years and progressive to 70 in age and 15 working years (2009).
Uzbekistan 60 55 2011
Venezuela 60 55 2015
Vietnam 60.5 55.67 2022 The retirement age will gradually increase to 62 for males by 2028 and 60 for females by 2035. In 2021, the retirement age is 60.25 (age 60 and 3 months) for males and 50.33 (age 50 and 4 months) for women, the age will be increased by 3 months each year following for males and 4 months for women. | France:{"Men":"62-67", "Wonen":"62-67"}
Germany:{"Men":"60-67", "Wonen":"60-67"}
Sweden:{"Men":"61-67", "Wonen":"61-67"}
Austria:{"Men":"65", "Wonen":"60"}
Poland:{"Men":"65", "Wonen":"60"} |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Hillary Clinton worked hard last week to put the "dead end" sign on the State Department email story by announcing there was nothing to find. But in her rush to control the narrative, Clinton may have (once again) missed the bigger picture: In politics as much as in business, authenticity matters. Her press conference had the familiar ring of a controlled performance -- the carefully parsed explanation, the combative posture -- that stretched our belief that what she's telling us is really the whole story. People wonder: Is she playing it straight with us? Why the nagging suspicion that Brand Hillary does not include bringing to the public table who she really is? As the author Joe McGinniss reported in his classic book on the 1968 Nixon campaign, "The Selling of a President," political consultants long ago began marketing candidates like bars of soap. The practice has accelerated since the '60s as campaigns have concluded that political brands face the same tests among voters that consumer brands do among customers. And among consumers today, authenticity means more to success than at any other time in the history of brands. The desire for authenticity is a tangible driver of revenue for brands. Increasingly, people want to give their money to brands -- political as well as commercial -- that have a set of values they can also buy into. As author James H. Gilmore told The New York Times, a sense of authenticity reinforces trust in what is real "in an increasingly staged, contrived and mediated world." A recent global study found that 63% of consumers would buy a brand they perceive as authentic over its competitors, and more than 60% would recommend an organization they perceive to be authentic. Ignoring the importance of authenticity to voters is a significant risk, as both Mitt Romney and Al Gore learned too late. And they were running in a perceptual environment more forgiving than today's. Voters easily identified the space between who these candidates really were and how they wanted us to perceive them. Romney, the successful entrepreneur and moderate politician, struggled to seem ordinary and "severely conservative," while Gore was perceived as having such an overblown sense of himself that the claim of having invented the Internet stuck to him like mud, even though he'd never said it. The two shared what will likely also be Clinton's destiny: winning a party nomination by default as there were few compelling alternatives. For Clinton, an uncontested rise to the Democratic nomination could mislead her campaign into believing that she doesn't have a problem with authenticity. She does, especially among Independents and Republicans. To be fair, Clinton's appeal as potentially the first woman to reach the White House makes her seem virtually bulletproof among certain voting groups. A recent Gallup Poll shows "first female" status as the "best thing about a Hillary Clinton presidency," leading the positives mentioned by 30% of Democrats and 17% of Independents. But the next-closest best thing about Clinton is a long way off: Her experience is mentioned by only 16% of Democrats and 8% of Independents. A fledgling campaign apparatus, with powerful political recruits like John Podesta and Robby Mook and marquee brand wizards from Coca-Cola and Microsoft, might want to be looking hard at the dangerously lukewarm voter sentiment about experience and suitability that is lingering just beneath the surface of the "first female president" juggernaut. Part of the heightened danger coming out of her press conference lies among millennials, who will be a critical voting group for Democrats in the 2016 presidential election. And authenticity is of paramount importance to millennials in how they relate to everything in their lives, including politicians. As one commenter on a MediaPost article on millennials put it, "If brands can't be authentic Millennials will call them on it. Want to win our hearts? A little self-deprecation and humility never hurt." Forty percent of millennials in the U.S. admit to full-blown cynicism about the way they are approached by brands of all kinds. According to the MediaPost article, authenticity and the allied trait of trustworthiness are two of the top brand attributes millennials look for before they make a decision to hand over their money and, one could argue by extension, their vote. These days, too, it's trickier than ever for brands to stay in step with the conversations that move people to make judgments. Whether they're consumers or voters, people are more in tune with each other than at any other time in human history. They can gang up more easily to support or reject a person, an idea, and, yes, a company, brand or politician. Brands are left on the outside looking in, puzzling out how to insert themselves into a meaningful relationship with constituents who can turn on them at any second. This trend of demanding more authenticity from brands they invest in, and rewarding brands for it, has been accelerating with consumers across the U.S. over the course of the very same seven years since Clinton last ran for president. Since consumers are also voters, it stands to reason that any political brand -- including Hillary Clinton -- should look even more seriously today at how to increase its value by focusing on perceptions of its authenticity. | Martha Pease: Hillary Clinton struggled last week to put the email story behind her . Pease: Consumers are increasingly valuing brands perceived as authentic. Does the Clinton brand qualify? |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Actress Liza Minnelli has entered a rehab facility for her addictions, a spokesman said. "Liza Minnelli has valiantly battled substance abuse over the years and whenever she has needed to seek treatment she has done so," said spokesman Scott Gorenstein. "She is currently making excellent progress at an undisclosed facility." The 68-year-old has struggled with addictions to alcohol and painkillers in the past. Minnelli won an Oscar in 1973 for her performance in "Cabaret." CNN's Topher Gauk-Roger contributed to this report . | Minnelli won an Academy Award for her performance in "Cabaret" She has struggled with addictions to alcohol and painkillers in the past . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | While Liverpool players are determined to give Steven Gerrard a perfect send off to his Anfield career by winning the FA Cup, there is a growing confidence within the camp there will be life after the iconic captain. Liverpool have won all six of the games that Gerrard has missed with a hamstring injury and the 3-4-3 formation used by Brendan Rodgers has made them look more like the vibrant side that chased Manchester City for the Premier League title last season. They have gone from mid-table to genuine Champions League hopefuls as a result. Steven Gerrard has been back in training ahead of Liverpool's FA Cup quarter-final against Blackburn . Liverpool have won all six of the games that captain Gerrard has missed with a hamstring injury . Liverpool full back Alberto Moreno (right) believes the team can win the FA Cup for departing skipper Gerrard . Gerrard is in contention to return for Sunday's FA Cup quarter-final against Blackburn Rovers but may find it hard to force his way back into the starting line-up. This season's FA Cup final takes place on his 35th birthday and would be his final match for the club before he joins LA Galaxy. 'It's always sad when someone is injured, you don't wish that on anybody. But I think it is good that we have proved we can succeed without Steven,' said Alberto Moreno, a £12million summer signing from Sevilla and a key member of the new-look side Rodgers is trying to assemble. 'We've moved up the table and been winning matches. It shows that within this squad there are some top, top players to replace even the likes of Steven Gerrard,' said Moreno, a left-back who has been pushed further forward into midfield in recent weeks. 'Whoever is injured, the player who comes into replace them puts themself on the line for the Liverpool cause. The morale and dynamic of the group has been very good. We're playing well and we've proved we can carry on without him. 'I think the new system we are playing has helped us intensify our play even more. It allows us to get lots of bodies forward when we are attacking, but we are safe in the knowledge of having three centre-backs covering as well as the two deep-lying midfielders. 'If we need to lend a hand as well, the wing-backs you can call them, we can drop back and support as well as get forward and support the attack. 'You have to point to the fact we have picked up a lot of victories and points since the system changed, and I guess it does allow us to be a little bit more intense. But it wasn't as if we weren't trying to play with intensity before, we were just inconsistent and dropped points we shouldn't have done.' Of course, Moreno is not dismissing the contribution of Gerrard to Liverpool over the years, and is using the captain's impending departure as an extra incentive to lift a trophy. Fresh from Sevilla, where he won the Europa League last season, the energetic 22-year-old is almost in awe of Gerrard. Moreno (centre) believes FA Cup glory would be a perfect way for Gerrard to finish his time at Liverpool . Gerrard (left) sustained his hamstring injury in Liverpool's 3-2 victory over Tottenham at Anfield last month . Gerrard (left) has lifted the FA Cup twice before as a Liverpool player and is eager to win it one more time . 'It will stick in my memory that I've had a chance to play and train with one of the best players in the world,' he says. 'The Spanish have a word 'crack' to describe a big star, 'Supercrack' means megastar and that is Steven. I have watched him play since I was a boy and now I've had the fortune to not just share a dressing room with him, but to train and play alongside him. He was one of my idols growing up. 'To win the FA Cup would be the perfect present for him, wouldn't it? To be able to leave the club with a trophy under his belt, that would be fantastic for Steven. But not just for him, it would be a great thing for the team and for the fans as well.' | Alberto Moreno wants to win the FA Cup for departing Steven Gerrard . Liverpool captain Gerrard missed the last six games with injury . He could return for the FA Cup quarter-final v Blackburn on Sunday . |
Who is the best surfer in the world | Robert Kelly Slater (born February 11, 1972) is an American professional surfer, best known for being crowned World Surf League champion a record 11 times. Slater is widely regarded as the greatest professional surfer of all time, and holds 56 Championship Tour victories. Slater is also the oldest surfer still active on the World Surf League, winning his 8th Billabong Pipeline Masters title at age 49. | Kelly Slater |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It is said that you can learn a lot about someone from their handshake - but it appears they may be learning far more about you than we have perhaps ever realised. Scientists have discovered that the traditional sign of friendship is actually a way for us to get a good sniff of someone we have just met. They found that humans unconsciously use the touch from a handshake as a way to sample smelly chemicals from each other. Scroll down for videos of the experiments conducted by the researchers . A firm handshake may also be a way of sampling the scent of the person you have just met, say scientists . In a study using hidden cameras, researchers observed people as they greeted each other with and without handshakes. Those that grasped hands upon meeting then touched their faces and around their nose far more often afterwards compared to a greeting where there was no physical contact. A high-five or fist bump may not be the most formal way of greeing someone, but they have one advantage over a handshake, say experts - they are better for our health. A British study has found that slapping palms together at head height passes on fewer than half as many germs as the traditional greeting. For the study, two Aberystwyth University researchers donned thick rubber gloves and one dipped his hand in a bacterial soup before shaking the other’s hand. The number of bugs transmitted to the second glove was counted and the contact area measured. Then the procedure was repeated with high-fives and also with the even trendier fistbump, which involves two balled fists being gently and briefly rapped together. The high-five was more hygienic than the handshake but the fistbump was the cleanest of all, transferring around one-twentieth of the bugs of the handshake. It is thought that the brevity of the action and the smaller contact area helped slash transmission. The scientists believe that the face touching is a way of subtly sniffing the hand used in the handshake and it was particularly prevalent when greeting people of the same sex. Professor Noam Sobel, chair of neurobiology at the Weizmann Institute of Science, who led the research, said: 'It is well-known that we emit odours that influence the behaviour and perception of others but, unlike other mammals, we don't sample those odours from each other overtly. 'Instead, our experiments reveal handshakes as a discreet way to actively search for social chemosignals.' The researchers, whose work is published in the journal eLife, believe their findings may provide some hints at why handshakes first evolved to become a greeting and cementing a friendship. It has since become a way of sealing a deal and even a sign of sportsmanship. Limp and damp handshakes are often seen as being an unattractive trait. But they may also provide us with unconscious olfactory clues about the other person. Many other animals use smell as a key part of learning more about each other, such as dogs that will regularly sniff each other upon greeting. Idan Frumin, a neurologist at the Weizmann Institute who also conducted the research, said: 'It is quite possible that "boardroom etiquette" is actually a later explanation for an early type of behaviour that appeared in order to compensate for scarcity of physical contact between human individuals. 'As we don’t overtly sniff each other like other mammals, we needed a way to pass olfactory data between our peers. The handshake might be the best way to convey chemosignals.' The scientists secretly filmed 271 people as they greeted one of 20 members of the research team in a hospital setting. They found that subjects who shook hands with people of the same sex sniffed their right hand twice as much than if they had not shaken hands. When members of the opposite sex greeted, participants sniffed their right hand far less than before a handshake but tended to sniff their left 'non-shaking' hand more often. The participants in the study were filmed in a hospital, shown above) greeting researchers and were found to sniff their fingers and hands considerably more after shaking hands with the person they were meeting . Touching the nose after physical contact (like above) may be a way of smelling chemical signals on others . The researchers believe this may be due to participants unconsciously comparing their own scent to that of the opposite sex. In general the participants placed their hand close to their nose 22 per cent of the time after shaking hands for up to around 17 seconds at a time. They found that increased airflow through a sample of participants nostrils also accompanied the face touching, indicating that they were sniffing. When the scientists added strong artificial odours to wrists of those greeting the participants using scents associated with male or female body odour, the length of time they spent sniffing decreased. However, when they added perfume to the wrists of those greeting, the amount of sniffing , they found the amount of time participants touched their face for doubled. The researchers claim that his may be because artificial odours may mask the chemical signals from a handshake and so it requires more sniffing to detect them. It could also be because the participants found the smells more pleasing than the body odour. However, Mr Frumin said it was still unclear exactly what chemical signals were being exchanged during handshakes. He said: 'For instance, we know from research by Martha McClintock in the 70s that women tend to synchronize their menstrual cycles. 'A signal may be transferred between women to drive that effect. We also know that the choice of a mate is influenced by a person having a compatible immune system. 'Such data could potentially be transferred skin-to-skin contact via a handshake. But these are speculations and a more rigorous analysis is needed to explore these possibilities.' | Scientists at Israel's Weizmann Institute secretly filmed strangers meeting . Participants touched their nose 22 per cent of the time after shaking hands . The sniffing doubled when people of the same gender greeted each other . Those of opposite sex sniffed their right hands less after shaking hands . Researchers say handshakes allow us to subtly sample each other's odour . They say this may explain how the handshake evolved in the first place . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Delhi (CNN)Thankfully, no one was wounded after crude bombs were hurled at a Tamil news station in India on Thursday. But the loud explosions injured a vital part of the world's largest democracy: free speech. Last week, when India's government and a British documentarian faced off over a film featuring a man imprisoned for a 2012 gang rape in South Delhi, a little-known channel hundreds of miles away in southern India was waging its own battle. Hardline Hindu groups were angry with broadcaster Puthiya Thalaimurai for filming a show about the relevance of a traditional necklace -- called mangalsutra in Hindi and thaali in Tamil -- worn by married Indian women. For them, the contents, as shown in the promos, were offensive to Hindu culture. The station planned to release the program Sunday, International Women's Day. But it canceled the telecast after demonstrations took place outside its office. Protesters allegedly attacked one of its cameramen. Four days later, the channel came under fire again, when four men on two motorbikes threw bombs into its compound in a predawn attack, authorities say. Six people involved in the bombing have been arrested, said S. George, the commissioner of the southern Indian city of Chennai. Their leader turned himself in separately, claiming responsibility for the attack, police said. "The show wanted to give women a platform. We welcome all opinions and thoughts. But you cannot strangle freedom of free expression by violent means and threats," said Shyam Kumar, the CEO of New Generation Media Corp., which runs Puthiya Thalaimurai. "We condemn the attack in the strongest possible terms," he told CNN. 'India's Daughter,' the film banned by India: What did it show? But India is no stranger to censorship imposed legally or forced by rowdy protesters. The country's constitution guarantees freedom of expression, but not without restrictions. Communities or people claiming their religious sentiments were hurt by anyone else's opinion can file a lawsuit. Authorities can seek restraining orders from local courts -- as they did to ban the recent BBC documentary "India's Daughter" -- by citing potential disorder. Earlier last year, Penguin India withdrew "The Hindus: An Alternative History," a book by American academic Wendy Doniger, after a local advocacy group accused the writer of denigrating Hinduism. In December, a Bollywood movie, "PK," came under attack over similar accusations when mobs tore apart its posters in parts of India. A satire on religious rituals, "PK" became a roaring success by being one of the country's highest-grossing movies. But India, home to one of the world's largest film industries, has blocked several movies from screening. At least two films were not allowed last year. One of them featured the lives of the Sikh assassins of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and the other centered on the violence in Sri Lanka in the closing months of its civil war. Hounded by protests over his novel, Perumal Murugan, a Tamil author, announced quitting writing in a dramatic post on Facebook in January. "Perumal Murugan, the writer is dead. As he is no God, he is not going to resurrect himself. He has no faith in rebirth. As an ordinary teacher, he will live as P Murugan. Leave him alone," he said on Facebook two months ago. Religious and caste-based organizations had slammed his novel "Madhorubhagan," which depicted a childless wife taking part in an ancient festival allowing consensual sex between strangers. Just last week, India blocked the BBC from airing "India's Daughter" because it included comments from one of the men convicted of raping a young student in a moving bus in New Delhi in 2012. The reason: The inmate's views could create unrest. "There's a growing intolerance towards different shades of opinion. It's a medieval mindset. What India needs is a concerted effort to move beyond it and embrace free expression in totality," said Kumar, the New Generation Media chief executive. | Indian broadcaster Puthiya Thalaimurai drew protests for a show about traditional necklaces worn by married women . This comes after India banned a film featuring a man imprisoned for a gang rape in South Delhi . "There's a growing intolerance towards different shades of opinion," a broadcasting company CEO says . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Early Thursday -- during the ongoing protests that continue to shake Ferguson, Missouri -- two police officers were shot. Such violence and lawlessness should never be tolerated. But the unrest during which it occurred demonstrates that the people of Ferguson have lost all confidence in their police department. And the resignation of the police chief this week won't be enough to restore faith in law and order. Everyone in the department needs to step down so the department can be rebuilt from the ground up. It is easy to see why. After a police officer shot Michael Brown, the U.S. Department of Justice conducted an investigation into the Ferguson Police Department. What investigators found was a "pattern and practice" of discrimination against African-Americans. In a town with a black population of 67%, black people represented 85% of vehicle searches, 90% of the traffic violations and 93% of the arrests. There is no way to justify this. Now, the Department of Justice has an opportunity to gut the Ferguson Police Department and rebuild it from scratch. In fact, it's more than an opportunity: It's a necessity. In the court of law, there is an old closing argument that goes like this: You sit down, pour yourself a bowl of stew and find that the first piece of meat that you taste is rancid. You don't put just that piece aside; you throw out the whole bowl. Lawyers use this story to say that if you catch a witness lying about one thing, then you can't believe anything they say. Unfortunately, it is an analogy that can be applied to the Ferguson Police Department. The Department of Justice report revealing unquestionable racist bias that permeated the entire department cannot be ignored, and the problems it reveals cannot be fixed from the inside. If there are a few good cops in the Ferguson Police Department, they need to leave, and they need to go elsewhere to continue their proud law enforcement career without being overshadowed by their involvement in a poisoned organization. In fact, everyone in the Ferguson Police Department needs to leave, from the top to the bottom. The police department should be completely reconstituted under Department of Justice control in a manner that ensures that citizens of Ferguson receive the type of public service they pay for and deserve -- and more importantly, in a manner that protects their rights, not only as citizens of Ferguson, Missouri, but as constitutionally protected citizens of our country. A completely rebuilt Ferguson Police Department, established with a charter to enforce the law with equality, could serve as an example for every law enforcement agency in the country. A new Ferguson Police Department could show what a concerted, roots-up effort toward nonracist behavior in a police department can be. Under Justice Department leadership, the Ferguson Police Department could become a model for practices such as equipping all police with body cameras, community policing and better use of force training. If we can create from the ashes of the Ferguson Police Department a model that works, it may provide some consolation for minorities who have been disproportionately targeted by law enforcement. And if the black community in Ferguson -- in fact, people of every race in Ferguson -- can look back five years from now and see an unbiased organization of public servants who give respect and get respect, who reduce fear rather than cause it, then perhaps the tragedy of Michael Brown's death will stand for something. | Mark O'Mara: Justice Department says Ferguson has record of racial discrimination . O'Mara says police force in Ferguson must be dismantled . He says a new department, with new practices to prevent replay of abuses, can be model for others, help repair injustices in Ferguson . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Despite their physical and at times heated exchanges during the Champions League clash catching the eye, David Luiz has revealed that Chelsea star Diego Costa is a good friend of his and a 'top guy.' The former Chelsea defender scored the equaliser for the 10 men of Paris Saint-Germain to send the tie into extra-time before Thiago Silva scored late on to send the French side through. The Costa and Luiz duel was highly talked about but the Brazilian has played down the intent of their clashes. David Luiz (right) revealed Chelsea star Diego Costa is a good friend and called the fiery striker a 'top guy' The duo have been involved in a number of heated exchanges over the two Champions League clashes . He said: 'It is normal, Diego is an amazing player, a top guy and we have a lot of physical [battles]. We are friends and were together after the match. We know each other from before.' Luiz has also attempted to make peace with the Chelsea fans and apologised after breaking his promise of not celebrating if he was to score. 'I respect everyone here and I was very happy here,' he added. 'I said I wouldn't celebrate if I scored but the emotion of the moment meant I couldn't keep [to that]. 'The fact I don't score many goals means it is always special for me. I am happy with my team as we showed spirit and character.' The Brazilian has apologised for breaking his promise of not celebrating if he scored against Chelsea . | PSG knocked Chelsea out of the Champions League on away goals . David Luiz revealed that Diego Costa is a friend despite their clashes . Chelsea forward Costa was involved in a number of heated exchanges . Luiz says Costa is 'top guy' and played down the physical battle . Click here for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Harry Kane is set to play for the England Under-21s at the European Championships this summer with the backing of senior boss Roy Hodgson. Kane enjoyed a dream debut for Hodgson's men on Friday night as he netted just 79 seconds after coming off the bench against Lithuania to add to the 29 goals he has scored for Tottenham this season. The 21-year-old is in line to get his first start against Italy on Tuesday night but that looks likely to be his last senior appearance until September as Under-21 boss Gareth Southgate is confident of taking the striker to the Czech Republic. Harry Kane (left) scored 79 seconds into his England debut against Lithuania at Wembley on Friday night . The Tottenham Hotspur striker could join up with England Under 21s in the summer in the Czech Republic . Kane wheels away to celebrate scoring for England against Lithuania at Wembley on Friday night . England have a friendly against the Republic of Ireland on June 7 and a European Championship qualifier against Slovenia a week later but Southgate has revealed that Hodgson has given the green light for Kane to play in the Under-21 tournament which begins on June 17. 'Roy and I know that the seniors are in a good group position and he feels that the experience of going to the Czech Republic in the summer will be more beneficial to Harry than the two games he has got,' Southgate said. 'That is absolutely the case regardless of his displays between now and then. 'We are not short of good players in the seniors, but understandably for Harry to be there this time, against Lithuania, was merited. 'We still feel we can give the players the best possible preparation to go into the seniors and achieve success if they have got the experience of the European Under-21 Championships behind them. That is still the case with Harry.' Kane will speak to Under 21s manager Gareth Southgate (pictured) before making a final decision . The 21-year-old Tottenham striker is in line to get his first start against Italy on Tuesday night . | Harry Kane will make the final decision on whether to go with Under 21s . Gareth Southgate claims Roy Hodgson feels it will benefit Kane . Kane scored on his England senior debut after just 79 seconds on Friday . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If there was a textbook on Jose Mourinho’s management style, the antics of Chelsea’s players against Paris Saint-Germain would be page one. Surrounding the referee, complaining about decisions, elbows, and intimidation. Save for the poor result, it had all the hallmarks of a Mourinho classic. However, if the histrionics start to outweigh performances the Portuguese has a habit of losing favour fast. It’s what killed his reign at Real Madrid. Jose Mourinho shows his frustrations during Chelsea's match against PSG on Wednesday night . Chelsea players surround referee Bjorn Kuipers and demand a red card is shown to Zlatan Ibrahimovic . Ibrahimovic (right) gets up as nine Chelsea players surround him and the referee after the incident . One of the battles Mourinho fought at Real was with the club’s own match delegate Miguel Porlan. ‘Chendo’, as he is known to everyone, played for over a decade at right-back for Madrid before continuing to serve the club after hanging up his boots. As part of the staff allowed to sit on the bench during games alongside goalkeeping coach Silvino Louro, fitness coach Rui Faria, and Mourinho’s No 2 and current Middlesbrough manager Aitor Karanka, Chendo soon became part of the systematic applying of pressure on the fourth official. It was understood that Mourinho liked his assistants to rotate the badgering of match officials so to limit the likelihood any one individual would be sent off. Chendo, who respected – and was respected by – Mourinho, thought the tactic was below a club like Real Madrid. Spanish daily El Pais claimed he told his manager as much saying: ‘We don’t do that kind of thing here’, and also suggested it was common knowledge among the players that Chendo hated the role so much he would often approach the fourth official and appear to remonstrate with him when really he was just asking him if he had the time, or if knew what time Madrid’s big department store El Corte Inglés opened in the morning. Mourinho (centre) talks with Real Madrid delegate Miguel 'Chendo' Porlan during a La Liga match in 2010 . Nemanja Matic (centre) appeals to the referee following Ibrahimovic's tackle on Oscar during the first half . Chelsea players later look dejected as they are knocked out of the Champions League round of 16 . Mourinho has always believed matches are won not just by the eleven on the pitch but by everyone at the club. And neither are they just won with football. If the opposition can be intimidated and bullied – and if that affects their ability to play – then that serves the end-game goal of victory. Mourinho’s ‘us against them’ battle plan at Madrid lasted three years. It left many at the club burned-out and almost relieved when it was replaced by the calm bought by Carlo Ancelotti, but it cannot be said that it did not bring trophies. It’s true that he never reached the Champions League final at the club but he did win the Spanish Cup in his first season and La Liga in his second. That might have been small fare in any other era but against the best Barcelona team in history it can’t be seen that way. The third season at the Bernabeu that produced no trophies came when there were perhaps more dissenting voices inside the dressing room than there were players prepared to do it Jose’s way. The key to Mourinho’s success is that everybody rows to the same rhythm – once a couple of galley members have downed oars there are problems. Mourinho (right) argues with the referee as Cristiano Ronaldo (left) looks on during a match in April 2013 . Real Madrid players look on as Mourinho (left) is involved in an argument with the referee during the 2011 Champions League semi-final against Barcelona . On the pitch players often had to curtail their instincts to try to just out-play the opposition by surrendering to an overall plan to out-strategize them too. The beginnings of the fall-outs with Iker Casillas and Sergio Ramos came because they believed, having won the World Cup with Spain, they could match Barcelona for football. Others, such as Xabi Alonso, sided with Mourinho believing that they would never out-play Pep Guardiola’s team and they had to be cleverer. Part of Mourinho’s belief that it would take more than just football to beat Barca came from his experience at Inter. They beat Guardiola’s Barcelona in the semi-finals of the Champions League on their way to beating Bayern Munich in the final but they did it with their centre-forward at full-back as an early sending off for Thiago Motta left them with most of the game having to play with 10 men. His victory jig on the pitch that night interrupted only by the Nou Camp sprinklers and Victor Valdes trying to usher him off the pitch is one of the images of his career and it set the tone for his time at Madrid but it didn’t always work. In Mourinho’s first season, and just after one of his greatest triumphs with Real beating Barca in the Copa del Rey final 1-0 courtesy of a goal from Cristiano Ronaldo, Barcelona and Madrid were drawn together again in the semi-finals of the Champions League. Ronaldo (back) leaps high to score the winning goal in the 2011 Copa del Rey final against Barcelona . Real Madrid players celebrate with the trophy after winning La Liga in the season of 2011-12 . The players were flying believing that after their cup final success they now had the measure of Barcelona. But Mourinho thought otherwise and set his team up in the first leg at the Bernabeu to not lose. They would defend stubbornly and in numbers and frustrate Barcelona before going for them in the latter stages of the match. If they scored a late goal to put them ahead in the tie then perfect; if not then a 0-0 would be a good result to take back to the Nou Camp where without an away goal and bound to go on the attack, Barca would leave themselves open on the break. Ronaldo was one of the dissenters famously putting his hands on his hips and looking to the heavens when during one period of the first half he found himself the only man pressing Barcelona’s defenders. The rest were obeying orders to sit back and not be drawn out of position. Ronaldo looks dejected as he leaves the field after defeat by Barcelona in the Champions League in 2011 . The plan may well have worked to perfection but Pepe was sent off in the second half after clashing with Dani Alves and against 10 men Messi scored twice to leave Real with no chance in the second leg. Mourinho recovered his players’ faith and winning the league the following season was his greatest achievement in Spain. Opinion is still divided over his legacy. One television station in Spain suggested this week that Mourinho was among three candidates to replace Ancelotti along with Zinedine Zidane and Jurgen Klopp. Others shook their heads at the incredulity of the idea he will ever return. The purists tut-tutted their way through that league winning campaign shaking their heads at those lightning counter-attacks so brutally effective but lacking the refinery of Barcelona’s 20-pass moves to goal. But it worked because Madrid and Mourinho won. It’s when it no longer works - as it didn’t for Chelsea on Wednesday - is it really called into question. | Chelsea were knocked out of the Champions League last-16 by PSG . Wednesday's match had all the hallmarks of a Jose Mourinho classic . There were similar histrionics during his reign at Real Madrid . Miguel 'Chendo' Porlan thought the tactic was below the Spanish club . Opinion is still divided in Spain over Mourinho's legacy at Real Madrid . CLICK HERE for all the latest Chelsea news . |
Given this paragraph about planting and harvesting for peanut butter, when are peanuts typically harvested? | Due to weather conditions, peanuts are usually planted in spring. The peanut comes from a yellow flower that bends over and penetrates the soil after blooming and wilting, and the peanut starts to grow in the soil. Peanuts are harvested from late August to October, while the weather is clear. This weather allows for dry soil so that when picked, the soil does not stick to the stems and pods. The peanuts are then removed from vines and transported to a peanut shelling machine for mechanical drying. After cropping, the peanuts are delivered to warehouses for cleaning, where they are stored unshelled in silos. | Peanuts are typically harvested from late August to October |
Summarise the ways an employer can find workers using the given text as a reference | The main ways for employers to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via classified advertising) and online, also called job boards. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional recruitment consultants which receive a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a "Help Wanted" sign in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through assessments. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a job interview. | 1. Job listing in newspapers through classified advertising.
2. Posting Job listings online (Job Boards) .
3. Through Recruitment consultants who takes a commission from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates.
4. By displaying a 'Help Wanted' sign in the establishment near a window or door or on the reception. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woodland trust has today been forced to deny it is 'anti-fairy' after it launched a crackdown on the number of doors being nailed to trees as homes for the tiny ethereal beings. Fairy control has had to be brought in at Wayford Woods in Somerset because it has been overwhelmed by hundreds of sprite homes. Families with children flock to the woodland to nail doors to trees and leave notes for the fairies at the beauty spot near Crewkerne - but critics say it has descended into a fairy 'free-for-all'. Wayford Trustee Steven Acreman said: 'We've got little doors everywhere. We're not anti-fairies but it's in danger of getting out of control. Crackdown: A Somerset woodland trust has launched a crackdown on the number of fairy doors being nailed to its trees . Magic: Hundreds of the doors have appeared in Wayford Woods near Crewkerne, where children leave handwritten notes for the magical creatures to read . Fairy explosion: The number peaked a year ago when more than 200 little doors had been screwed, nailed and installed on trees . He added: 'It's a very complex situation and nobody's admitting that they're evicting the fairies. It's just that fairy control is required otherwise we'd be covered in fairy doors'. Originally an extension of nearby Wayford Manor Gardens, the 29 acres of Somerset woodland boasts a stream, meadow and ornamental lake. It was set up as a charitable trust in the 1990s but mysteriously someone nailed a fairy home to a tree. Mr Acreman said: 'It fitted perfectly, it had a little turned handle and inside was a bed. We didn't know who had done it but we left it there. 'But then another door appeared and now it's gathered momentum.' The doors have been installed by local people so children can leave messages for the fairies. The number peaked a year ago when more than 200 little doors had been screwed, nailed and installed on trees. And with little tokens, fairy toys and notes secreted behind some of the doors, it has rapidly become known as the fairy woods. But some may have to be removed and a ban imposed. Complaints: The beauty spot has become known as Fairy Wood because of its elaborate handmade doors . Mystery: Some believe that Fairies exist, with 400 sightings nationwide in the three months to January, according to a Fairy Investigation Society survey . Mr Acreman said: 'We've had as many as 10 doors put up on a single tree, they surrounded the tree,' he said. 'We had a complete fairy fairground arrive but we rejected that planning proposal.' With elfin construction now including more and more garish plywood doors with lots of tinsel and glitter. Mr Acreman told the BBC they have had to bring in quality control to remove the worst offenders. He said 'We put a lot of time into the conservation of the woods. 'We're trying to keep people to the paths but the fairy doors are making it a free-for-all.' Despite most believing that fairies don't exist, a recent survey has revealed many people do. In January it emerged the Fairy Investigation Society is conducting a national survey and in three months received 400 sightings. Cottingley, a village outside Bradford in Yorkshire, was for many years the world's fairy hotspot. 16-year-old Elsie Wright took a remarkable photograph of her ten-year-old cousin, Frances Griffiths, playing with 'fairies' on the banks of a stream which ran behind the garden of Elsie's house. A few days earlier, in the summer of 1917, Frances had slipped and gone into the stream, later telling her mother she had fallen into the water while she was 'playing with the fairies'. Her mother, unamused, sent her up to the attic bedroom she shared with Elsie where, later that afternoon, the two girls hatched a plan that would make headlines around the world, severely damage the reputations of eminent public figures and generate a controversy that endured for generations. Elsie suggested they should take a photograph of the 'fairies' to prove to Frances' mother that she had been telling the truth. The girls drew some fairies, cut them out and pasted them on to cardboard. With a few long hatpins on which to mount their 'fairies' and a roll of zinc oxide bandage tape. Arthur Wright willingly agreed to lend his daughter his camera and girls set off, blissfully unaware that they were about to create one of the most reproduced photographs in history. They arranged the four fairies - three with wings and one playing a piped instrument - in front of Frances, who put flowers in her hair, cupped her chin in her hand and, curiously, stared intently at the camera rather than the fairies when Elsie took the picture. When Wright developed the exposed plate a darkroom he asked Elsie what they were, and she told him they were the fairies that she and Frances played with by the stream - they took another photo a month later. Polly Wright, Elsie's mother, and her sister, Annie Griffiths, Frances' mother took the photographs to a meeting of the . Theosophical Society in Harrogate. Knowledge of photography was not . widespread at this time and few understood that the 'spirit' could be . introduced by a simple double exposure on the same photographic plate. As . a result, many Spiritualists were encouraged to believe that the camera . could 'see' what the naked eye could not, a belief which helped . legitimise the Cottingley fairy photographs. Sherlock Holmes author Arthur Conan Doyle also believed this was photographic evidence of the existence of fairies. It was only many decades later did they admit that the photographs were faked and involved cut-out drawings of fairy figures that were fastened to foliage with hatpins. Elsie and Frances stuck doggedly to their story for years. Not until March 1983, when she was 76 years old, did Frances finally confess. 'I'm fed up with all these stories,' she complained. 'I hated those photographs and cringe every time I see them. I thought it was a joke, but everyone else kept it going. It should have died a natural death 60 years ago.' Elsie at first refused to comment, but later confirmed her cousin's story: 'I do not want to die and leave my grandchildren with a loony grandmother to remember.' Frances continued to claim, contrarily, that she had seen fairies and that the fifth photograph - the fairy bower - was authentic. She died in 1986; Elsie died two years later. 'The joke was only meant to last two hours,' said Elsie towards the end of her life. 'It lasted 70 years.' | Wayford Woods in Somerset flooded with fairy doors over the past decade . At peak there were more than 200 fixed to trees in Crewkerne woodland . One mysteriously appeared in 2000 and led to area becoming 'Fairy Wood' But trustees say there are too many and several are particularly garish . One said: 'We're not anti-fairies but it's in danger of getting out of control' 400 seen in past 3 months according to UK Fairy Investigation Society . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Maria Sharapova suffered a shock second round exit at the Miami Open as she lost in straight sets to world number 97 Daria Gavrilova. Gavrilova had only moved into the world's top 100 this week but she gave a confident performance to overcome her fellow Russian 7-6 (7/4) 6-3. The wildcard led 5-3 in the first set but lost three games in a row before taking the tie break and then closed out against the second seed after opening up a 3-0 lead in the second. Maria Sharapova suffers shock second-round Miami Open exit to fellow Russian Daria Gavrilova . Gavrilova (right) beat the world No 2 7-6 (7/4) 6-3 to secure her place in the third round at the Miami Open . Fourth seed Caroline Wozniacki had a far easier time of things as she eased to a 6-0 6-1 win over Madison Brengle in less than an hour. That may have been a disappointment for the home crowd but veteran Venus Williams was able to lift their spirits with a 6-3 6-2 win over Urszula Radwanska. The Pole's elder sister and seventh seed Agnieszka progressed with a 6-4 7-5 win over Anna Schmiedlova while Ekaterina Makarova beat Karin Knapp 6-1 6-3 and Andrea Petkovic of Germany eased into the third round thanks to a 6-2 6-2 victory against Christina McHale. Venus Williams beat Urszula Radwanska 6-3 6-2 on home soil to lift spirits at the Miami Open . France's Alize Cornet defeated Elena Vesnina 6-4 6-1 while Irina-Camelia Begu, Carla Suarez Navarro, Kristina Mladenovic, Kaia Kanepi, Paula Badosa Gibert, Karolina Pliskova, Samantha Stosur, Kurumi Nara and Elina Svitolina also progressed. In the men's tournament, Canada's Vasek Pospisil saw off the challenge of Juan Martin Del Potro to book his place in the second round. Pospisil claimed a 6-4 7-6 (9/7) win over the Argentinian, who was making his return after suffering a wrist injury that had seen him ruled out since January. Pospisil will now face ninth seed Grigor Dimitrov in the next round. Juan Martin Del Potro has been plagued by an injury to his wrist that has kept him out of playing this year . Del Potro (right) was unable to have a happy return from injury as he lost 6-4 7-6 (9/7) to Vasek Pospisil . Elsewhere in the first round, Mikhail Kukushkin defeated Steve Johnson 6-4 3-6 6-2 while Martin Klizan came through 6-3 6-4 against Paolo Lorenzi to line up a meeting with top seed and defending champion Novak Djokovic. Italy's Simone Bolelli beat Marcos Baghdatis 6-2 6-2 while Mikhail Youzhny came from a set down to win 4-6 6-2 6-3 against Andrey Golubev. Teymuraz Gabashvili will face fifth seed Milos Raonic next after fighting back for a 0-6 7-6 (7/4) 6-3 win over Pablo Andujar and Federico Delbonis' 7-6 (7/4) 3-6 7-5 win over Jiri Vesely earned him a meeting with David Ferrer. Borna Coric, Alexander Zverev, Alejandro Falla, Jerzy Janowicz, Alexandr Dolgopolov, Jurgen Melzer, Andrey Rublev, Steve Darcis and Thomaz Bellucci also came through their first round matches. | Maria Sharapova loses in straight sets to fellow Russian Daria Gavrilova . Wildcard Gavrilova won 7-6 (7/4) 6-3 to cause a second-round surprise . Venus Williams beat Urszula Radwanska 6-3 6-2 on home soil . Juan Martin Del Potro loses to Vasek Pospisil 6-4 7-6 (9/7) on injury return . CLICK HERE for all the latest news from the 2015 Miami Open . |
From the passage provided, extract the government posts George Osborne held. | George Osborne was elected as MP for Tatton in 2001, becoming the youngest Conservative member of the House of Commons. He was appointed Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Conservative leader Michael Howard in 2004. The following year he ran David Cameron's successful party leadership campaign, and was subsequently appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. After the 2010 general election, Osborne was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cameron–Clegg coalition. He succeeded Alistair Darling, inheriting a large deficit in government finances due to the effects of the late-2000s financial crisis. As Chancellor, Osborne's tenure pursued austerity policies aimed at reducing the budget deficit and launched the Northern Powerhouse initiative. After the Conservatives won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, Cameron reappointed him Chancellor in his second government and gave him the additional title of First Secretary of State. He was widely viewed as a potential successor to David Cameron as Leader of the Conservative Party; one Conservative MP, Nadhim Zahawi, suggested that the closeness of his relationship with Cameron meant that the two effectively shared power during the duration of the Cameron governments. Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave the European Union and Cameron's consequent resignation, he was dismissed by Cameron's successor, Theresa May. | Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chancellor of the Exchequer, First Secretary of State |
Summarize the types of propaganda students distributed during the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in a bulleted list. | During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre student demonstrators created and distributed a large variety of propaganda. The first of these were memorial posters dedicated to Hu Yaobang, which were placed in Peking University following his death on Saturday April 15, 1989. On April 16th and 17th, pamphlets, leaflets and other forms of propaganda began to be distributed by university students both in Peking University and at Tiananmen Square where large congregations of students began to form in what became the beginning stages of the protest. These were used to communicate among the students as well as to spread their messages and demands to groups such as the Chinese government and foreign media. Other forms of propaganda would emerge as the protests continued, such as a hunger strike beginning on May 13 and visits from celebrities and intellectuals, as well as speeches and songs. All of these were used to promote the interests of the student protest movement. | The following are types of propaganda students distributed during the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre:
- Memorial posters dedicated to Hu Yaobang
- Hunger strike
- Visits from celebrities and intellectuals
- Speeches and songs |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roma's players were the latest to face the wrath of angry fans following Thursday's capitulation against Italian rivals Fiorentina. Serie A pundit Matteo Bonetti tweeted that Italian newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport reported Roma fans had demanded players take off their kits as they weren't worthy of wearing them. The Europa League had offered the last realistic chance of silverware this season to the Giallorossi following a miserable run of form, with the team falling 14 points behind Serie A leaders Juventus and at risk of losing second place to city rivals Lazio. Roma midfielder Daniele De Rossi speaks with fans after crashing out of the Europa League . Roma captain Francesco Totti also spoke to fans despite being an unused substitute . Roma 'ultras' had walked out of the stadium in protest following a miserable run of form . Fans are upset as Roma are at risk of losing second place to city rivals Lazio . But Roma conceded three goals in the opening 22 minutes as Fiorentina completed a 4-1 victory on aggregate to book a place in the last eight. Gonzalo Rodriguez converted a retaken penalty in the ninth minute, after a number of players encroached into the box for the first attempt. Marcos Alonso capitalised on a goalkeeping error to make it 2-0 in the 18th minute and Jose Maria Basanta headed in when unmarked four minutes later. A late sending-off for Adem Ljajic for a second yellow card capped a dispiriting night which saw about a hundred of the club's Ultras leave the Stadio Olimpico after 30 minutes. Roma's players walked out for the second half to a near-empty stadium . Supporters left the stadium in protest after Roma conceded three goals in 22 minutes . Roma supporters left off flares during an Europa League round of 16 second leg . Fiorentina fans celebrate booking place in the last eight of the Europa League . Roma captain Francesco Totti, goalkeeper Morgan de Sanctis and midfielder Daniele de Rossi led the rest of the team's players over to talk to fans after match. The scenes were reminiscent of the players of German sides Borussia Dortmund and Stuttgart apologising to their supporters following a dismal run this season. Borussia Dortmund defender Mats Hummels talks to supporters after defeat by Augsburg in February . VIDEO Garcia critical of individual errors . | Roma crashed out of Europa League following home defeat by Fiorentina . Captain Francesco Totti led players to talk to fans after dismal display . The Giallorossi at risk of losing second place in Serie A to rivals Lazio . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A domestic treble is a marathon rather than a sprint. Yet Celtic are closer to their promised land after routing the Arabs in Scottish football’s answer to the six-day war. By 5pm on Saturday, Dundee United were worn out. As punch drunk as a flabby heavyweight leaning against the ropes in the 14th round. Exhausted — mentally and physically — by three losses in a week to a side with more depth, energy and firepower. The Tayside team fancied their chances after holding on for a 1-1 Scottish Cup draw with nine men a fortnight ago. Then Celtic won the League Cup Final. And followed it with a thumping 4-0 victory in last Wednesday’s Scottish Cup replay. Jason Denayer celebrates with his team-mates after giving Celtic a three-goal lead before half-time . Denayer taps home from close range as Celtic record comfortable victory against Dundee United . Battered and bruised, United were gone then. Long before they found themselves three goals down in the first half of this league match. The heat, light and fury which bred six red cards, three penalties and running feuds in the previous meetings had gone. All told, Celtic and Dundee United met four times in two weeks. By the end, Jackie McNamara’s team were pleased the ordeal was over. The same might be said of the title race. In Saturday’s early game, Aberdeen shipped two points in Dundee. The Dens equaliser came from the grandson of former Parkhead chairman Jack McGinn. Proof, if it were needed, that this was Celtic’s week. ‘It’s been a great week,’ said defender Efe Ambrose. ‘We know that, but we don’ t want to look at what we’ve done. We want to look forwards and that means the next game. That’s more important than what we’ve already done. ‘Every game counts in the league and we want to keep going. From now until the end of the season, we want to keep doing our best, so we can defend our title and get to the Scottish Cup Final. Then we can see if the Treble is still possible.’ John Guidetti struck to make it 2-0 to Ronny Deila's side after 33 minutes at Celtic Park on Saturday . The Scottish Cup looks the last substantial hurdle. Inverness, an awkward opponent, await in the semi-final on April 19. Thereafter it is Hibs or Falkirk in the Final. ‘It’s an enjoyable place to be at the moment because everything is working well for us,’ said Ambrose. ‘I think, right now, it would take a lot of effort from another team to stop us. ‘Celtic are playing at a top level. It’s difficult for others to withstand what we have right now. Guidetti is congratulated by his team-mates after doubling the home side's lead . ‘We have a huge squad and everyone is in their best form. It’s difficult for the manager to pick his starting line-up. There’s a lot of competition in the squad and that makes us better.’ There was nothing boastful in the way the Nigerian said this. He was merely stating a bald truth. For the fourth meeting with United in a fortnight, Ronny Deila replaced his entire front four. Leigh Griffiths, Kris Commons, James Forrest and Anthony Stokes made way for John Guidetti, Stefan Johansen, Stuart Armstrong and Gary Mackay-Steven. Mackay-Steven and Armstrong were United’s star players until they were sold to Celtic for £2million in January. Gary Mackay-Steven opened the scoring against his former club to set up victory for Celtic . Once again, Tannadice chairman Stephen Thompson had cause to ponder if it was worth it when Mackay-Steven smashed a superb opening goal in 16 minutes, accepting a simple Ambrose pass and winding up for a swerving left-foot shot from fully 25 yards. As a former United player, his reluctance to celebrate was understandable. Why Guidetti did likewise after doubling the lead in 33 minutes with a looping, deflected shot into the top corner was harder to work out. By then, Celtic were playing a training game. A flat affair, given the ill feeling of the previous encounters, the home support could barely even bring themselves to boo Ryan McGowan. There was a brief flash of the old enmity when Paul Paton was lucky to escape a red card for a wild, scything tackle on Mackay-Steven on the stroke of half-time. If a yellow was a lenient punishment, Celtic added to the penalty by scoring a third when Virgil van Dijk thumped Johansen’s low free-kick towards goal before Jason Denayer intercepted and cheekily back heeled into the net for 3-0. Mackay-Steven (left) celebrates his goal with Stefan Johansen during the Scottish Premiership match . The Belgian has found a rich vein of form and, as with van Dijk, the Celtic support should enjoy him while they can. Dundee United came close just once, when substitute Ryan Dow had a dipping, long-range effort tipped over the bar by Craig Gordon. In truth, the visitors looked utterly demoralised by then. ‘I thought we were soft in the first half and we accepted things,’ said McNamara. ‘So I told them I was disappointed in that. I was a bit angry at half-time about belief and not just pride, but in terms of doing things and not feeling sorry for themselves. ‘In the second half, we did that. We rolled up our sleeves, though it could be argued that Celtic took their feet off the gas.’ They could afford to conserve their energies. Only three times in Celtic’s 127-year history have the club won a Treble and they are now tantalisingly close to a fourth. ‘I never allow myself to think about the Treble,’ parried Ambrose. ‘None of us do. ‘The most important thing for the team is to go game by game and that’s what the manager wants. We take it as it comes. ‘We don’t put anything in our heads. The important thing is to play hard and prepare. Everyone wants to beat Celtic. ‘It’s important that we’re calm and work to the tactics the manager wants us to play. ‘We need to have one spirit, one heart. We have good momentum right now and I think we have delivered what the manager expected. We’re almost there. ‘But we’re not there yet, so we have to keep pushing in training. Every time we play a game, he wants us to improve, so that’s a challenge he has given to us.’ A popular whipping Bhoy when things go wrong, it’s worth recording that Ambrose himself has improved of late. The Green Brigade sang his name on Saturday, prompting a wry chuckle from a player who seems a little safer at right-back than centre-half. ‘The Celtic supporters are the best in the world,’ said the defender, ‘I will give them credit for that. ‘Sometimes it’s unfair if I get criticism but that’s football. We’re a team, not individuals. ‘If a mistake happens, you just have to get on with it, work harder and make sure you correct the mistake.’ Of late, Deila’s Celtic have managed not only to correct their early season mistakes, but eradicate them. As the final mile of the marathon approaches, they are pacing themselves nicely. | Gary Mackay-Steven opened the scoring for Celtic after 16 minutes . John Guidetti doubled the hosts lead 12 minutes before half-time . Jason Denayer made it three for Ronny Deila's side on stroke of half-time . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United director David Gill has been elected as Britain's FIFA vice-president and insisted he would be a bullish presence on the world governing body. Gill, who is also vice-chairman of the Football Association, will succeed Northern Ireland's Jim Boyce in May and will have a four-year term on FIFA's executive committee. Football Association chairman Greg Dyke has said he wants Gill to be part of the 'awkward squad' on FIFA, asking tough questions and keeping an eye on financial decisions. Man United director and FA vice-chairman David Gill has been elected as Britain's vice-president at FIFA . Gill (left, pictured with Sir Bobby Charlton) is hoping to stamp his authority on FIFA when he takes up the role . Gill, pictured with Sir Alex Ferguson, left his role as Man United's chief executive in the summer of 2013 . Speaking at UEFA's Congress in Vienna, however, Gill said: 'I wouldn't use the word awkward, I've always viewed my role at Manchester United and then the FA and the Premier League to ask relevant and appropriate questions. I don't think that is being awkward that's just doing the job. 'I'm not being elected just to get another blazer with four letters on it, I'm trying to play a role and assist my other colleagues from UEFA and some very good people from around the world.' UEFA president Michel Platini, who persuaded Gill to change his mind and run for the post, added: 'We have to defend European football without breaking world football. A lot people like things as they are. As I told him 'You, the English, are never happy'. Now at least he will be able to express it directly in the ExCo instead of through the press.' Gill, 57, beat Football Association of Wales' president Trefor Lloyd Hughes by 43 votes to 10 in the election by UEFA's 54 member nations. UEFA president Michel Platini (right) persuaded Gill to run for the post at football's world governing body . Earlier, Lloyd Hughes and Scottish Football Association president Campbell Ogilvie failed in their attempt to be elected to UEFA's executive committee. They were among 12 candidates for seven seats - in the second round of voting Lloyd Hughes secured only a single one of the possible 54 votes. The new names on UEFA's executive committee include the former Croatia and Arsenal striker Davor Suker and Borislav Mikhailov, the former Reading and Bulgaria goalkeeper who was renowned for wearing a wig even in matches. UEFA's Congress also heard from the three challengers to Sepp Blatter's FIFA presidency with the incumbent himself also addressing the European delegates, but refusing to do as a candidate. Blatter made no reference to standing again for FIFA president but once again urged football to resist calls to boycott to the 2018 World Cup in Russia due to its involvement in the civil war in Ukraine. Dutch Football Association president Michael Van Praag was the most outspoken of Blatter's challengers, saying: 'The beautiful heritage of international football has been tarnished by accusations of corruption, bribery, nepotism and a waste of money.' Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein of Jordan said many associations still did not have basic needs such as kits and pitches, adding: 'FIFA has been riding the wave of European football success and while the popularity has soared the image of the organisation has sadly declined.' Former Portugal international Luis Figo dismissed claims that UEFA is trying to take over FIFA, saying: 'Nobody feels that Europe wants to take over football. This is a lie.' | David Gill will replace Jim Boyce as FIFA vice-president in May . The Manchester United director has said he wants to make a difference . Gill: 'I'm not being elected just to get another blazer with four letters on it' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If Mario Balotelli put as much effort into being a success at Liverpool as he did avoiding the dog in his latest Instagram post the striker would currently be celebrating a trip to Wembley. But he doesn't, and he was yet again blasted on Sunday as Liverpool failed to get past a determined Blackburn Rovers at Anfield Stadium, putting a potential Wembley trip on hold. It seems the Italian striker has returned to Italy for a few days following the stalemate as the striker is seen at the boxing gym of fighter Leone Petrosyan, who is based in Milan. Mario Balotelli poses at the gym of boxing friend Leone Petrosyan, who is based in Milan . Liverpool striker Balotelli hides as the dog is urged to chase the Italian striker round the gym . Balotelli is taking no chances as he hops into the ring away from the dog as the Italian looks to escape . On lookers find it rather amusing but the former Manchester City striker is keen to get away from the pooch . The 24-year-old striker is seen running from Petrosyan's dog, ducking under ropes and hiding in the ring as the pooch is urged to give him the runaround. Getting the runaround at the hands of Balotelli is certainly not something opposing defenders have had to deal with too much this season. Balotelli has scored just four goals in 24 games this season following his £16million arrival in the summer as a replacement for Luis Suarez. Liverpool's Balotelli is brought down by Blackburn Rovers' Craig Conway during the FA Cup game at Anfield . Balotelli is left frustrated as he fails to convert a cross from Brazilian midfielder Coutinho on Sunday . | Mario Balotelli posted video of himself being chased by a dog to Instagram . Liverpool star appears to be at the gym of boxing friend Leone Petrosyan . Balotelli was again disappointing for Liverpool on Sunday at Anfield . Hosts were held to a goalless draw with Championship side Blackburn . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Zlatan Ibrahimovic appeared desperate to score another wonderstrike on Tuesday night but had to settle for a simple header during Sweden's 3-1 friendly win over Iran. The PSG frontman, who scored an incredible overhead kick against England in 2012, attempted to score a similarly impressive acrobatic goal but was foiled twice by the Iranian defence. However, Ibrahimovic did find the net at the Friends Arena, heading home at the back post to give Sweden the lead on 11 minutes. Zlatan Ibrahimovic appeared desperate to score one of his trademark wonderstrikes for Sweden on Tuesday . Ibrahimovic produces an impressive acrobatic strike during Sweden's friendly victory over Iran in Stockholm . The PSG striker attempted another overhead kick but was foiled by the Iran defence at the Friends Arena . Ibrahimovic and Iran defender Morteza Pouraliganji crash to the floor following the striker's acrobatics . Ibrahimovic celebrates during Sweden's friendly victory over Iran having settled for a simple header . Ibrahimovic headed in at the back the post to give Sweden the lead against Iran at the Friends Arena . Sweden's talisman runs and punches the air to celebrate after finding the back of the net at the Friends Arena . Sweden's No 10 scored and made another in a slick first-half performance, where the vast majority of the 33,773 crowd at the Friends Arena were cheering for the away team. Sweden is home to more than 60,000 people who were born in Iran, and together with their children and grandchildren they packed the stands, outnumbering the Sweden fans and creating a cascading wall of noise for much of the match. Ibrahimovic silenced them, albeit temporarily, when he gave Sweden the lead in the 11th minute. His clever pass found Erkan Zengin, whose chipped return was powerfully headed home by the Sweden captain at the far post, despite the best efforts of Iran goalkeeper Alireza Haghighi to keep it out. Marcus Berg, currently playing his club football for Panathanaikos, slides in to double Sweden's advantage . Ibrahimovic skilfully holds off the challenge of Iran's Vahid Amiri during Sweden's friendly victory . Zlatan turned provider 10 minutes later, heading Pierre Bengtsson's cross into the path of Marcus Berg, who swept home with a deft first-time finish. Minutes later the huge contingent of Iranian fans roared in delight as their team reduced the deficit via a penalty, with captain Javad Nekounam thumping home the spot kick after Vahid Amiri was brought down in the box by Andreas Granqvist. Reza Ghoochannejhad came close to equalising early in the second half, bundling the ball past goalkeeper Robin Olsen only to see it come back off the foot of the post. Iran coach Carlos Queiroz urged his sideon from the edge of the technical area, but Ola Toivonen put an end to their hopes with a towering header from Sebastian Larsson's cross just before fulltime. Iranian fans celebrate in the stands after Javad Nekounam (third right) scored from the penalty spot . Ola Toivonen climbs highest to powerfully head home Sweden's third goal with just a minute to go . And here's when Ibrahimovic did find the back of the net with a propeller shot against England... | Zlatan Ibrahimovic opened the scoring during Sweden's friendly win . The PSG frontman tried two audacious overhead kicks against Iran . Marcus Berg and Ola Toivonen also scored for hosts at the Friends Arena . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal may be facing a 3-1 aggregate deficit ahead of their Champions League clash against Monaco, but Arsene Wenger's squad looked in high spirits as they jetted off to France on Monday afternoon. Alexis Sanchez and Co left Luton airport following a morning training session ahead of Tuesday night's last 16 tie as they look to overturn Monaco's 3-1 win at the Emirates last month. Per Mertesacker, Olivier Giroud and Francis Coquelin were all smiles despite the daunting task facing the Gunners, who will need to score at least three goals at the Stade Louis II. Olivier Giroud (left) and Mathieu Flamini prepare to board Arsenal's flight to France on Monday afternoon . Arsenal star Alexis Sanchez poses for the cameras before boarding the flight from Luton airport . Francis Coquelin (left) and Per Mertesacker seemed in a relaxed mood ahead of the trip to Monaco . Monaco may have one of the best defensive records in Europe, but Wenger believes Arsenal can produce an unlikely result against the club he guided to the French title 27 years ago. 'We have to put it right. Sometimes in life, you make a big mistake, and there is no comeback, no way you get the chance to put it right again. 'In football, you can do it, so let's just give everything to do it,' said Wenger, whose side beat West Ham 3-0 on Saturday to cement their place in the top four of the Barclays Premier League. 'We know that (in the first leg) we were impatient and threw ourselves forward too much, that we lost our patience and composure. 'We wanted too much to make a difference in the first game and forgot our basics, that means to defend well and attack well. We just focussed on attacking well, but because a goal didn't go in we opened ourselves up.' Wojciech Szczesny (centre) may have to settled for a place on the bench on Tuesday night . David Ospina (left) and Nacho Monreal will be hoping Arsenal can pull off a memorable victory in France . Mesut Ozil (right) believes it's 'very important' that Arsenal score an early goal against Monaco . Arsenal players look determined as they put in a final training session at London Colney . Gunners midfielder Mesut Ozil also insisted that his side can progress into the Champions League quarter-finals, but the German believes Arsenal must score early to do so. Speaking to the club's official website, Ozil said: 'It's very important to score early, but we will remain patient. We want to fight and battle from the first minute until the last. 'This is a match that we are determined to win. We have to score three goals and our aim is to do just that while remaining tight in defence. 'If we play as we are capable of doing in Monaco, I still believe that we have a real chance to progress. (L-R) Gabriel Paulista, Tomas Rosicky, Mertesacker, Santi Cazorla, Sanchez, Theo Walcott and Mesut Ozil pose for a picture . Arsene Wenger (centre) reads through his team tactics that require they score at least three goals . All of Arsenal's stars will have to shine if they are to reverse the 3-1 deficit to reach the Champions League quarter-finals . | Arsenal trail Monaco 3-1 heading into the Champions League last 16 return leg at the Stade Louis II . The Gunners squad left for France from Luton airport on Monday . READ: Olivier Giroud backs himself to bounce back from woeful first leg display against Monaco . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news as Arsene Wenger's men face crunch clash in Monaco . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In a sport increasingly dominated by statistical analysis and calm dissection of performances it was reassuring to hear Dan Cole discuss the depth of anger felt by England’s players on reviewing their Ireland no-show. Cole, one of the few England stars to depart Dublin with his reputation enhanced last Sunday, revealed the extent of the frustration within the England squad at their misfiring display when their Grand Slam dream was broken by a series of tactical and technical blunders. Stuart Lancaster’s men held a debrief on Tuesday at their five-star Pennyhill Park retreat in Surrey and the video analysis made for uncomfortable viewing. Dan Cole has revealed the frustration felt by England's squad as they relived the Ireland defeat . Chief among their concerns was the spectacular first-half line-out fail which saw England hooker Dylan Hartley throw straight to 6ft 10in Ireland lock Devin Toner at the back when a clean catch and drive would have almost certainly yielded points. England’s repeated disciplinary infringements also led to a 13 to eight penalty deficit and Cole admits watching the match again was deeply frustrating. ‘There is room for emotion because you are frustrated with the game and there were a few things we’ve gone over,’ he said. ‘We didn’t plan to do a lot of the stuff that we did. Trust me we didn’t train what we did at the weekend. We didn’t do that on the training field. ‘There is that frustration and it comes out in anger or whatever from coaches and players because they are frustrated in that regard. It is not just a cool, calm dissection – sometimes it is but if a point needs to be raised it is talked about. England failed to take their chances and made some basic errors, before being punished by the Irish . ‘It was interesting, it was good, it was honest. I think there were some areas – a lot of areas obviously – where we didn’t perform like we should have done.’ Ireland outmanoeuvred England by denying them scrummaging opportunities and by failing to implement the expected ‘choke tackle’, therefore denying the visitors the chance to play to their strengths. Their British Lion half-back pair of Johnny Sexton and Conor Murray controlled field position with some outstanding tactical kicking. When England did have a chance to gain a foothold in the game, Hartley’s wayward throw to Toner cost them dear after George Ford opted to kick a kickable penalty to the corner. Cole was one of the few Englishmen to come out of the defeat in Dublin with any credit . ‘That line-out was a frustration. In international rugby if you get a set piece in the opposition 22 and especially 5m out you have to take it,’ Cole added. ‘You don’t really get another chance like that against sides like Ireland, and we didn’t really get one. I’m not saying that the game changed on that but it was an emotional swing. 'They steal the ball and the crowd lifts up. You score there and it is a different mentality. It wasn’t the reason we lost the game but next time we’ll probably throw away from the 6ft 10 bloke with long arms!’ The England prop will hope his side can bounce back against Scotland at Twickenham next week . While South African referee Craig Joubert took exception to much of England’s work at the break down, Lancaster and his team hope Frenchman Romain Poite will be more forgiving at Twickenham against unfancied Scotland next Saturday. Cole added: ‘Referees have their strengths and weaknesses, just like players do. Set-piece, open play, some refs will let you play stuff, others won’t. There is a variance but it is a case of being as clean as you can. If you are positive in your actions, you will be on the right side of the referee.’ | England lost to Ireland 19-9 last week in Dublin . Dan Cole reveals the frustration after players watched video back . Game went against England's plans as mistakes let them down . England will hope to respond against Scotland next week at Twickenham . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If you like the idea of having a conversation with your pet cat then you better look away now. Flam, a cat in Nashville, Tennessee, may well be the first of its kind to have had a conversation with a human being. But sadly, as documented on video, the little chat didn't go down that well with the feline. In the clip is Penny Adams, a professional photographer who volunteers her time at the Cat Shoppe Rescue centre. Sitting on the floor, she announces to the camera that she is holding a cat-to-human language translator on her phone. Penny, who doesn't herself know what it is being translated by the app, activates the meowing sound and immediately Flam, who sits underneath a table, becomes noticeably intrigued. Penny announces to the camera that she is about to use a cat-to-human translator app on her phone . Jumping up, the feline negotiates a number of dumbbells on the floor before making its way towards Penny. With its tail poised, the cat maintains its eye-contact while lifting its paw and climbing up onto her leg. Suddenly it lashes out at her – opening its mouth to bare its teeth it strikes her with its paw. Intrigued, the cat approaches Penny with its tail poised and begins slowly climbing up her leg . Reacting by blocking the cat with her arm, Penny laughs in surprise as the insulted feline continues to bare its teeth before scuttling off. According to Penny, she had visited Kate Framke's home – Flam’s owner – to photograph her other cat Waffles for a fundraising calendar for The Cat Shoppe. After struggling to get Waffles’ attention with toys and treats, Penny used her human-to-cat translator app as a way of getting the cat to look at the camera. The cat, clearly insulted by what the human-to-cat translator app is saying, attacks Penny with its paw . Penny said: ‘It worked, but it also got an unusual reaction from Flam, who proceeded to walk up slowly and pop me in the head. We laughed so hard.’ She added: ‘Who knows what the app was really saying in cat voice, but he sure didn't like it.’ The Cat Shoppe is Nashville’s first feline-friendly shop that sells a number of cat-related products and also runs a non-profit cat rescue centre. Penny laughs in surprise as the cat continues to bare its teeth at her before scurrying off under the table . | The translator app talks to the cat in a series of meows . Intrigued, the cat approaches the woman and climbs her leg . Before pouncing at her with its paw and baring its teeth . The video was captured in Nashville, Tennessee, USA . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sam Allardyce's uneasy relationship with the locals at West Ham United is down to the perception his teams play dull football. It is hard to see how the dour baggage carried by his proposed replacement David Moyes will have them putting out bunting in the East End. Moyes is a good manager — but with the move to the Olympic Stadium just one full season away, are the board thinking big enough? Beyond the elite, managing West Ham should be one of the most appealing projects in the European game right now. Here is an opportunity to take a club with a significant fan-base and history to an iconic, 58,000-capacity destination stadium and reach for the sky. Alexis Sanchez in action against West Ham at the Emirates Stadium on Saturday. Arsenal ran out 3-0 winners . Sam Allardyce's uneasy relationship with the fans is down to the perception that his team plays dour football . West Ham’s owners are talking of Europe, yet Moyes is a coach whose appointment seems to be made with one eye on making sure the club isn’t relegated next season and goes to its new home established in the Premier League. Jurgen Klopp, coach of Borussia Dortmund, appears to be nearing journey’s end in the Bundesliga. He is a charismatic, successful figure, given to taking on long-term projects and working with a reasonable budget. He plays good football, too, and has talked of managing in England. It was presumed he would one day manage Arsenal, but Arsene Wenger is not going anywhere soon. It might be over-ambitious, it might go no further than one exploratory telephone call and a splutter of mocking laughter; but isn’t it worth making that call, just in case? Jurgen Klopp speaks to the media ahead of his side's second-leg clash against Juventus on Wednesday . Klopp oversees training as his Borussia Dortmund side prepare to take on Juve for a spot in the last eight . | David Moyes is a good manager, but are West Ham thinking big enough? West Ham should be one of the most appealing projects in Europe . They have a big fan-base and are set to move into the Olympic Stadium . Jurgen Klopp is a charismatic, successful figure... why not put in a call? CLICK HERE for all the latest West Ham United news . |
What is Ontology? | "In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality.
Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exist on the most fundamental level. Ontologists often try to determine what the categories or highest kinds are and how they form a system of categories that encompasses the classification of all entities. Commonly proposed categories include substances, properties, relations, states of affairs, and events. These categories are characterized by fundamental ontological concepts, including particularity and universality, abstractness and concreteness, or possibility and necessity. Of special interest is the concept of ontological dependence, which determines whether the entities of a category exist on the most fundamental level. Disagreements within ontology are often about whether entities belonging to a certain category exist and, if so, how they are related to other entities." | In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)As the seventh full week of testimony in the first-degree murder trial against former New England Patriots star Aaron Hernandez came to a close this week, witnesses described him as acting strangely and glaring at the victim two nights before the killing. Hernandez is on trial in Fall River, Massachusetts, in connection with the shooting death of Odin Lloyd, a semi-pro football player who was found dead June 17, 2013. The former tight end had signed a five-year contract extension worth $40 million but, less than a year later, Hernandez was charged with the murder of the man who was dating the sister of his fiancée. Hours after his arrest on June 26, 2013, the Patriots dropped him from the team. Two of Hernandez's closest associates are co-defendants in the case. Evidence collected in Lloyd's death led to two more murder charges against Hernandez in a separate case in Boston. He is accused of shooting Daniel de Abreu and Safiro Furtado in July 2012, allegedly over a spilled drink. Two witnesses who saw Hernandez at the Boston nightclub Rumor just 48 hours before Lloyd's killing said he looked angry and aggressive. Lloyd was with Hernandez at the club that Friday night. On Thursday, prosecutors called witness No. 100: Kasey Arma, a nightclub promoter. She told jurors she danced with Aaron Hernandez at the club in the early morning of June 15, 2013. Hernandez approached her. "He walked by me and he tapped my hip." Arma testified that she danced with Hernandez for about 10 minutes. "He was pleasant and kind of charming," she said. Then he left abruptly. When he returned about 10 minutes later, Arma said, Hernandez grabbed her arm and took her to another part of the club. His demeanor changed. He was "very aggressive," she testified. Then, she said, he asked her "to show what I could do with that thing," referring to her backside. "He was irritated and very aggressive," she told the jury. During cross-examination, defense attorney Michael Fee showed surveillance video of Arma dancing with Hernandez. There was bumping and grinding, mostly with her backside to him. It was uncomfortable to watch in court. Jurors watched the video with laser focus. Fee asked Arma, "What kind of dance is that called?" Arma said she didn't know. Some of the female jurors appeared to chuckle softly. Earlier in the week, witness Kwami Nicholas testified that he also saw Hernandez at Rumor and the ex-player "seemed like he was angry about something." Hernandez's mouth looked like a "grunt," he said. Nicholas, a college student, was at the club with friends -- some of whom were friends with Lloyd. When Lloyd was talking closely with one of his friends, Hernandez looked angry, according to Nicholas. Hernandez was standing near the DJ at the time, about 15 feet away from Lloyd and his friend. Nicholas said Hernandez glared at them for a few minutes. During tough questioning from Fee, Nicholas stood his ground. The defense showed jurors Nicholas' initial recorded interview with detectives in which he gave a different description of what he saw and was less critical of Hernandez. Nicholas also remembered Hernandez "storming out of the club." "He looked angry," Nicholas told the jury. As Hernandez walked down the street, "he motioned back with his arms as if to say get away from me." Prosecutors played surveillance video backing up Nicholas' description. During that video, Lloyd is also seen following Hernandez at a distance. Though prosecutors are trying to establish that Hernandez was angry, jurors still don't know why. Shayanna Jenkins, Hernandez's fiancée and mother of his baby daughter, was not in court to see the dirty-dancing video. She hasn't been seen in court since March 6. But Jenkins' name did come up in court regarding a defense motion to suppress evidence gathered from Hernandez's house in November 2014. Jurors were not present for that debate. The prosecution showed before-and-after photos of a closet in Hernandez's home in North Attleboro. One photo from June 2013 showed the sneakers Hernandez wore the night Lloyd was killed. It also showed the shoes Hernandez associate Carlos Ortiz wore the same night. The two pairs of shoes rested on top of a bunch of other shoes. In the second photo, taken in November 2014, the same closet is seen with all of the shoes except the ones Hernandez and Ortiz were wearing the night of the shooting. They were no longer in the closet or any other part of the house. Prosecutors wanted to link Jenkins to the disappearance of the shoes. McCauley referred to the defendant's jailhouse comments that "she does what I want," referring to Jenkins. McCauley also told the judge that Hernandez "was directing her (Jenkins) to give money to Tanya Singleton at the time where he had just recently told her not to talk." He added, "We know she didn't talk and then was held in contempt." Tanya Singleton is Hernandez's cousin. Court observers wonder when Jenkins will be back. The last time Jenkins was in court, a reporter noticed she was no longer wearing her engagement ring. However, Jenkins is facing perjury charges for allegedly lying to investigators and has been granted immunity to testify at the trial. Will testimony about Hernandez's liaisons with other women -- and negative texts about Jenkins -- affect her testimony? Does her absence mean she'll turn on her fiance? The answers may be a few weeks away. There are indications the Commonwealth may wrap up its case by mid-April, . Much testimony focused on the shoes Hernandez wore the night Lloyd was shot. A Nike consultant testified that Hernandez was wearing Nike Air Jordan Retro 11 Lows in a size 13. About 93,000 pairs of that shoe were made, significantly fewer in a size 13. The shoe's sole makes a distinct impression, according to Lt. Steven Bennett of the Massachusetts State Police. The consultant testified under questioning from defense attorney Jamie Sultan that other Nike shoes-- more than 3 million -- make the same impression . Yet Bennett, who works in crime scene services, testified that the footwear impression left near Lloyd's body was "in agreement" or consistent with the Air Jordan Retro 11 Lows size 13. Although he did not have the shoes that Hernandez wore that night, he an identical pair to make his determination. Bennett did so by creating a transparency of the sole and laying it over a photo of the footwear impression. Jurors watched as he drew lines showing how the sole aligned with the impression. What may have been a key moment for the prosecution was quickly derailed by defense attorney Jamie Sultan. Sultan questioned the science behind analyzing foot impressions, and he introduced a March 2014 report from Bennett saying the partial footwear impression lacked certain detail and quality to make a comparison. Sultan hammered Bennett on that report. Bennett admitted that his reexamination helped the prosecution. McCauley was able to undo some of the damage, allowing Bennett to explain that it was only after gaining access to Air Jordan Retro 11s in December 2014 that he was able to make a comparison. He testified that what he thought was a lack of distinction were actually gaps in the design of the sole. It's clear from the testimony and the filing for a search warrant in November 2014 that investigators overlooked the shoes worn by Hernandez, Ortiz and Ernest Wallace -- another co-defendant -- the night of Lloyd's death, despite having a photo of them from June 2013. Seventeen months into the investigation, they searched Hernandez's house again. None of the shoes were found. The prosecution brought in three separate witnesses who either owned or worked for companies in the industrial park along John Dietsch Boulevard where Lloyd's body was found. With these witnesses and collected surveillance videos, prosecutors gave jurors a road map of the route they say Hernandez drove to the Corliss Landing crime scene. While the car's make and model aren't distinguishable in the video, jurors could see its lights go by at specific times that match when Hernandez, Wallace, Ortiz and Lloyd would have been in the car. Tanya Singleton arranged for her aunt to drive her and Wallace to Georgia in the days after Lloyd's death. Testifying for the prosecution, Euna Ritchon said Singleton asked her on June 21, 2013, to move up her planned trip to visit her daughter in Georgia. She brought Wallace with her. At the time, Singleton was married to Ritchon's nephew, TL Singleton. He died in a car crash a little more than a week later. Ritchon also testified that Wallace suggested using back roads to drive out of Connecticut and through New York to avoid tolls. She said Wallace carried his clothes in a black trash bag. Prosecutors were attempting to get jurors to link it to the black trash bag Shayanna Jenkins removed from her house just a few days earlier. Prosecutors say that bag held the gun used to kill Lloyd. After spending the night at the home of Ritchon's daughter, Wallace boarded a bus to Florida. That's where he surrendered to police. Wallace has pleaded not guilty to the charge of an accessory after the fact of a slaying in Lloyd's death. | Aaron Hernandez on trial for the 2013 death of Odin Lloyd . Jurors hear of defendant's demeanor at club . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Xavi, Andres Iniesta and Clarence Seedorf have lavished praise on Manchester United boss Louis van Gaal after working under the Dutchman during the early stages of their respective careers. Van Gaal appears to have made a lasting impression on the aforementioned trio having managed Xavi and Iniesta at Barcelona during his two spells at the Nou Camp and Seedorf during his six-year stint as Ajax boss in the 1990s. Xavi, Iniesta and Seedorf - speaking exclusively to MUTV in an interview which will be screened on Monday night - have lauded Van Gaal's philosophy. Clarence Seedorf is among a host of players who have heaped praise on Man United boss Louis van Gaal . Van Gaal managed fellow countryman Seedorf during his time at Dutch outfit Ajax in the 1990s . 'For sure he is a coach who knows how to pass on his philosophy to his teams,' said Seedorf. 'And I think what you have seen that with the Ajax spirit when I played there - that's Van Gaal. 'Instead of buying many players you can always fill your first team with your own players who know the club culture, who know the club tactics and have lived for so long that everything for them is natural. 'He is a great coach and his record speaks for itself.' Xavi, who was given his Barcelona debut by Van Gaal back in 1998, and club team-mate Iniesta echoed Seedorf's comments regarding the Dutch tactician. 'Well my personal experience with him was great,' said Xavi. 'He gave me the opportunity to join the first team and he gave me a lot of confidence the whole time. 'I worked with him and he really put his faith in me. He pushed me into the first team at 17 and helped me so much through that difficult journey. Van Gaal (centre, pictured with a young Seedorf in July 1993) managed Ajax between 1991 and 1997 . Barcelona midfielder Xavi has also lauded Van Gaal for promoting him into the Catalan giants' first team . Andres Iniesta has thanked the Manchester United boss for helping him make an 'important step' in his career . 'In my opinion he didn't get the credit he deserved at Barcelona. He had very clear ideas and was very methodical. He was a coach who was ahead of his time.' Iniesta added: 'I was 17 years of age and delighted to be in the first team, and he gave me that opportunity. I knew that he had always done tremendous work with the young players. 'I was excited to work with him and take such an important step in my career. He's hard working, honest, sincere. Above all, he's a hugely successful manager who's done great things in the game.' Current Manchester United stars Wayne Rooney, Robin van Persie and Victor Valdes will also reflect on working under Van Gaal during the MUTV documentary. Van Gaal took over the reins at Manchester United after helping Holland reach the World Cup semi-finals . Current Man United duo Robin van Persie (centre) and Wayne Rooney (right) have also lauded Van Gaal . 'Louis van Gaal: My Life. My Philosophy' airs at 7.30pm on Monday night exclusive to MUTV. Fans can watch MUTV on Sky TV (channel 418) and Virgin Media (channel 528) in the UK or Sky TV and UPC Cable (channel 428) in the Republic of Ireland. For more information click HERE . | Xavi was handed his Barcelona debut by Louis van Gaal in 1998 . Andres Iniesta has lauded Van Gaal for helping him during his early years . Clarence Seedorf enjoyed playing under Van Gaal at Ajax . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manager Arsene Wenger remains convinced attack will prove the best form of defence as Arsenal look to stay in the top four of the Barclays Premier League. The Gunners recorded a seventh win in the last eight league matches when beating relegation-battlers QPR 2-1 at Loftus Road on Wednesday night with goals from Olivier Giroud and Alexis Sanchez. Arsenal sit a point ahead of Manchester United, their FA Cup quarter-final opponents, and four behind second-place Manchester City. Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger sasy he wanted his side to continue to attack during 2-1 win against QPR . Wenger watches on from the sidelines as the Gunners consolidated their place in the top four . Giroud's second-half opener came following a swift counter-attack after Arsenal had soaked up plenty of pressure. Wenger, though, expects to see his team always stay on the front foot. 'I wanted the team to continue to attack, because we are not a team that can sit off and wait for the teams who commit and get them only on the break. We need to master possession and we did that well,' Wenger told Arsenal Player. Giroud has rediscovered his scoring touch in the last two matches following a series of misses in the 3-1 Champions League defeat by Monaco. Olivier Giroud gave Arsenal the lead at Loftus Road on Wednesday as he stabbed past Rob Green . Giroud lifts Arsenal team-mate Tomas Rosicky up in the air in celebration of his goal . Alexis Sanchez cut in from the left hand side to double the Gunners lead minutes after Giroud's opener . Wenger hailed the mental strength of the France forward, who now has 10 Premier League goals from a campaign which was hampered by four months sidelined with a broken leg. Full-back Kieran Gibbs believes Giroud does not get the credit his work-rate for the team deserves. 'Olivier has certainly responded in the way we wanted. He is that kind of character who always wants to bounce back and do well for the team. He puts a lot of pressure on himself. Credit to him, because he is having a fantastic season,' Gibbs said, quoted by the London Evening Standard. Sanchez remains Arsenal's most potent attacking threat, taking his tally to 19 following a seven-match barren spell. Sanchez celebrates doubling Arsenal's lead mid way through the second half at Loftus Road . Charlie Austin pulled a goal back for the home side with a ferocious drive from the edge of the box . 'Every player goes through a difficult patch but he is not the type to let it get to him. He has shown great determination in every game,' said Gibbs. 'We need that from him and that is why he is world class.' Gibbs believes Arsenal have overcome the setback of their defeat by Monaco, which leaves hopes of qualification for the quarter-finals of the Champions League all but over ahead of the second leg in Monte Carlo later this month. He said: 'We wanted to respond for the fans and the people at the club. We know we are a good team and we want to show that.' Arsenal defender Gabriel suffered a hamstring injury at QPR and is expected to be out for a couple of weeks. New defender Gabriel receives treatment from the Arsenal medical staff after injuring his hamstring . The Brazilian defender was unable to continue and was replace in the first half . Goalkeeper Wojciech Szczesny has been laid low by illness but may be in contention to return for the FA Cup holders at United on Monday March 9. QPR, meanwhile, are in the relegation zone, now three points behind Aston Villa, who beat West Brom on Tuesday night. Chris Ramsey's side host Tottenham in the Premier League this weekend, then tackle Crystal Palace and Everton. Striker Bobby Zamora believes if the work-rate continues, then positive results will follow. 'Performances have been good. We have been so close in so many games, but close is not enough really,' he said. 'Unfortunately we are not getting the points we deserve. We could do with not playing well and getting three points.' | Arsenal beat QPR 2-1 in the Premier League at Loftus Road on Wednesday . Olivier Giroud and ALexis Sanchez found the net in the second half . Charlie Austin pulled a goal for the hosts but the Gunners hung on . Giroud finished off a swift counter-attack after soaking up pressure . Arsene Wenger has urged his side to attack and not always sit back . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Armed robbers are suspected of stealing $4million in gold from an 18-wheeler taking the precious from Florida to Massachusetts on Interstate 95. The Wilson County Sheriff's Office in North Carolina said Monday that two security guards working for Transvalue Inc of Miami reported pulling to the side of the interstate on Sunday evening after their vehicle began having mechanical problems. They were then approached by three armed men driving a white van who ordered the guards to lie on the ground, tied their hands behind their backs and marched them into nearby woods before taking 275lbs of gold. Scroll down for video . Search: Armed robbers are suspected of stealing $4million in gold from an 18-wheeler taking the precious from Florida to Massachusetts on Interstate 95. Above, deputies investigate a wooded area near the road . Location: Two security guards working for Transvalue Inc of Miami were reportedly approached by three armed men driving a white van after pulling over on the interstate. The men 'ordered the guards to lie on the ground, tied their hands behind their backs and marched them into nearby woods, before taking 275lbs gold' The form of the metal, stored in three barrels, has not been released. Silver was also being carried in the truck, which was stopped near mile marker 114 on the highway. Locks on the back of the truck were sawed off, according to WITN. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has joined in the search for the robbers, thought to be male and possibly Hispanic. Wilson County Sheriff's Deputies investigate an area near Interstate 95 in Wilson, North Carolina, on Monday . Investigation: The Federal Bureau of Investigation has joined in the search for the robbers, thought to be male and possibly Hispanic. Neither of the guards was injured during the 'very rare incident', TransValue said . TransValue, which specializes in transporting valuable goods and money between financial centers, keeps goods they move insured for up to $100million. Its owner Jesus Rodriguez said that neither of the guards were injured during the 'very rare' incident, according to WRAL. Rodriguez is currently heading to Wilson County, which is about halfway between Miami and eastern Massachusetts. The owner of TransValue, which was transporting the gold, is now traveling to North Carolina (pictured) A reported 275lbs of gold were stolen, though it is not known which form the truck's precious metal took (file photo) | Metal was en route from Miami to Massachusetts when truck stopped . Three armed men in white van tied guards and marched them into woods . Owner of transport company TransValue says his guards weren't injured . Goods transported with company are insured for up to $100million . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lausanne, Switzerland (CNN)Nuclear talks intensified Sunday between world powers and Iran, but key sticking points remained unresolved as the countries tried to reach a deal to curb Tehran's nuclear program ahead of a Tuesday deadline. As the negotiations entered their fourth day, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned the agreement coming together is worse than Israel's deepest fears. The talks had hit a snag on Saturday, with diplomats describing Iran as refusing to budge, but as the French, German and Chinese foreign ministers arrived, the mood seemed more optimistic. The British and Russian foreign ministers were expected late Sunday. U.S. officials and Western diplomats described the negotiations as tough and intense, which was expected as the talks reached the endgame. They said the contours of a deal are becoming clearer, but they were unsure it could be reached. Two core issues are still unresolved: 1) Limits on Iranian research and development on advanced nuclear technology in the end years of the deal; and 2) The pace of lifting United Nations sanctions. The U.S. officials stressed all of the elements were interrelated and nothing is agreed to until everything is agreed to, comparing the final deal to a puzzle. But they indicated most of the other elements were solvable if those two major hurdles could be overcome. The speed of which U.N. sanctions could be lifted remains in dispute. Iran wants them lifted immediately after the deal goes into effect. While diplomats say Iran could see unilateral sanctions relief in the areas of trade, oil and banking, sanctions adopted by the United Nations are more complicated. Many are related to proliferation and transfer of missile technology and are tied to certification by the U.N. nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency, that Iran's nuclear program does not have a military dimension. On Saturday, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Zarif made clear the issue of sanctions remains a stumbling block, saying he believes the world powers "have realized that sanctions, pressure and an agreement will not go together. It's only to translate that understanding and realization into the agreement that we are negotiating." U.S. officials said that all sides, including Iran, agree that sanctions would be lifted in phases over time as Iran confirms its compliance to the deal. But they acknowledge there is still disagreement on the actual formula. Iran also wants the ability to continue to research and develop more advanced centrifuges while the deal is in effect. Those machines can enrich uranium much faster than its current machines. U.S. and European officials worry that could enable Iran to quickly produce enough uranium for a nuclear weapon. Diplomats say the first 10 years of the 15 year deal would have the most stringent restrictions, with others being relaxed over the next five. "We will see if they are ready to swallow what we proposed," a Western diplomat said. "We are not asking them to do nothing, but they want to do more than we want them to do" referring to how much research the Iranians want to be able to still undertake. But the diplomat added, "after 15 years, they can do what they want." A senior Iranian diplomat told CNN on Sunday: "It's not fair to characterize the state of affairs as Iranian resistance on those issues. It can also be characterized as the other side's intransigence in the talks." Diplomats said Iran has agreed to a cap of fewer than 6,000 centrifuges that it can operate to enrich uranium, a process that can lead to weapons-grade material. The figure is down from the 6,000 the sides were speaking about when the talks started on Thursday, but substantially more than the several hundred the United States had originally wanted. Iran currently runs about 10,000 centrifuges, but it has around 19,000 in its stockpile. U.S. officials maintain the number is abstract, because there will be other restrictions on the levels of enrichment and type of centrifuges Iran can operate, which they believe will extend the time Iran would need to have enough fissile material produce a nuclear weapon -- known as the "break-out time" -- to at least a year. On Monday, a senior State Department official said negotiators had not yet decided anything about the disposal of fissile material. There had been word previously that Iran might export it to Russia, but an Iranian negotiator, Abbas Araqchi, told journalists Sunday that Iran had not agreed to it. "The export of stocks of enriched uranium is not in our program, and we do not intend to them abroad. ... There is no question of sending the stocks abroad," he said. Netanyahu voiced alarm at the emerging deal. After meeting with visiting Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, a Republican, Netanyahu said, "this agreement as it evolves is fulfilling our deepest fears and even worse." "In parallel to the gathering for this dangerous agreement, the proxies of Iran in the Middle East are carrying out a wide occupation of Yemen," he said. "The Iran-Lausanne-Yemen axis is very dangerous to mankind and needs to be stopped." The parties are seeking agreement on the basic parameters of a deal before March 31. A comprehensive deal including technical annexes is supposed to be concluded by June 30. Tuesday is seen as a critical milestone to the U.S. negotiators, who are trying to thwart a threat from Congress to impose additional sanctions without the framework. That could prompt Iran to withdraw from the talks and scuttle the chances of a deal altogether. But even if a pact is reached, it is unclear what form it would take. U.S. officials say they will need to publicize something that quantifies Iran's commitments before submitting it to Congress. But U.S. and Western diplomats say that Iran is looking simply for an "understanding" of what has been agreed to before a formal accord is reached. CNN's Jim Sciutto contributed to this report. | One key sticking point: What would be the limits on Iranian nuclear research? Another sticking point: When would U.N. sanctions be lifted? Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warns the deal would be a disaster . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | He's one of the most famous faces in world sport, but don't tell these tourists, they just wanted a family picture with the Opera House. When the couple crossed paths with Lewis Hamilton beneath the Sydney Harbour Bridge on Tuesday, a 'selfie' with the British Formula One Champion was the last thing on their minds. Instead, they stopped to ask the star to take a holiday snap of them and their baby. Scroll down for video . Lewis Hamilton (right) was sight-seeing in Sydney when he was stopped by a family to take their photo . Hamilton takes a photo for the young family before the Sydney Opera House on Tuesday . The oblivious couple strolled off towards the Opera House as Hamilton continued taking in Syndey's sights . Hamilton was enjoying time out in Sydney after his win at the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne on March 15 . The oblivious tourists were snapped chatting with Hamilton on the harbour foreshore, while he diligently took their photo in front of the Sydney Opera House. The family then strolled off into the distance. Hamilton was taking some time out to explore Sydney Harbour after racing to victory at the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne on March 15; visiting the iconic Opera House and taking a luxury yacht for a turn on the water. 'After a long day of media yesterday, sailing in Sydney with friends was a great way to end the day!' he posted via Instagram. 'Sydney is such a beautiful city.Can't wait to come back next year.' Hamilton says he loves 'beautiful Sydney' and can't wait to come back . Hamilton celebrates his win at the Australian Formula One Grand Prix at Albert Park, Melbourne . Hamilton took to Instagram to upload a photograph of himself sailing in Sydney . In what was the first race of the F1 calendar in Melbourne, Hamilton finished 1.3 secs ahead of Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg. After the Grand Prix celebrations, the Mercedes driver - who has also spoken of pursuing a music career - reportedly saw a performance by home-grown artists Angus and Julia Stone in Sydney. Hamilton told media he would welcome a move for the F1 to 'sunny Sydney' if a proposed street circuit is approved by the NSW government. 'Street circuits are the best. For a driver they're the best and it's best for people to get close to — some 300,000 to 400,000 people leaning out of apartment windows.' he told the Daily Telegraph. The 30-year-old Mercedes driver recently featured on the cover of the US Man of the World magazine . | Sightseeing couple stop World Formula 1 champion to take their photo . Lewis Hamilton was taking time out in Sydney after winning the Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne . Hamilton featured on the front cover of Man of the World magazine . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lewis Hamilton began the new Formula One season in stunning fashion with a crushing qualifying performance to grab the fourth pole position of his career for the Australian Grand Prix. It is clear that after a dominant 2014 from Mercedes they will again be the team to beat in 2015 as reigning champion Hamilton blasted his way to top spot on the grid at Melbourne's Albert Park, putting even team-mate Nico Rosberg in the shade. Hamilton finished with a lap of one minute 26.327secs, a staggering 0.6secs clear of Rosberg as Mercedes locked out the front row, with Williams' Felipe Massa the best of the rest, but 1.4secs down on the 30-year-old Briton. Now, click here to read Jonathan McEvoy's report from Melbourne... Host commentator . 1. Hamilton . 2. Rosberg . 3 Massa . 4 Vettel . 5 Raikkonen . 6 Bottas . 7 Ricciardo . 8 Sainz . 9 Grosjean . 10 Maldonado . Rosberg crosses the line, but it is only good enough for P2, a mighty half-a-second down on Hamilton. He had an awful first sector, but was quicker than Hamilton in the final sector. Bottas wobbles out of the final corner, but he still does enough to qualify fourth and Hamilton is going even quicker... Hamilton complaining about his tyres on his out-lap from the pit-lane... will it make a difference? Ricciardo is the first driver on a timed lap. He crosses the line to clock a 1:28.329 to move him up to third, but here comes Kimi and he goes third above Ricciardo. Right, here we go for the final runs of the afternoon. Can anyone beat Hamilton to Australian Grand Prix pole? All of the drivers are back in their respective garages and it is Hamilton from Vettel, Massa, Raikkonen, Maldonado, Ricciardo, Grosjean and Sainz. Neither Rosberg nor Bottas have posted a time. Hamilton crosses the line and the Briton posts a 1.26:419 which is 1.3 seconds quicker than the next driver in Vettel, but Rosberg runs WIDE at the penultimate corner and takes a trip across the grass. He aborts his lap and dives into the pit-lane. The German will now have just one shot at pole. Bottas complaining about his brakes during a sloppy lap for the Finn which has seen him slide all over the track in his Williams. The cars flood out on to the Albert Park track for their first runs in the top-10 shootout. Rosberg, in his Mercedes, is the last driver to leave the pit-lane. Game on. The final 12-minute session is underway in Melbourne... Hamilton or Rosberg? Rosberg or Hamilton? Place your bets now. Here’s a frustrated Will Stevens, who hasn’t taken to the track in his Manor this weekend: It is frustrating for me and the team. We want to be out on the track. The cars are ready to go but there are a few gremlins which are keeping us back. I want to be out there as much as anything. Coming from Abu Dhabi last year I know what a race meeting is like. I am heading back to the UK, but I know the team are heading out early to Malaysia so we will be in better shape than we are now. There are a few issues with the software which means we can’t get out there. 17-year-old Max Verstappen will start a commendable 12th on his grand prix debut, but the Dutchman has been out-qualified by his team-mate. Carlos Sainz Jnr, also on his F1 bow, sticks his Toro Rosso in Q3. Home favourite Ricciardo is on a hot-lap here as he looks to cement his place in the top-10 shootout. He crosses the line with a 1:28.679 to bump him up to sixth, and receives a smattering of applause from the Melbourne crowd. Hamilton and Rosberg are happy they've done enough, and they are back in the Mercedes garage. Remember, five drivers will be eliminated from this 15-minute session. It's Kvyat, Nasr, Hulkenberg and Perez in the drop-zone with two minutes to run. Back on track, and Hamilton leads the way from Rosberg. The Briton is some two tenths quicker than his Mercedes team-mate. It is Bottas up next, albeit over one second down on Hamilton. And here is a gloomy, but ever-positive, JENSON BUTTON: ‘I think the positives are, looking at winter testing it was difficult, having issues and running short, and suddenly you put a team at a race weekend and you have to stick to the schedule. It was never going to be competitive here but still there is a good feeling about the car. The basic car is there. It is nice that Honda have a bit more experience today. It is going to be a really difficult tomorrow. We have not done a race distance yet.’ The second session is underway and the Sauber of Felipe Nasr is the first driver to take to the track. We must mention that his team-mate Marcus Ericsson was the other non-McLaren driver to be eliminated from Q1. KEVIN MAGNUSSEN: I don’t think we expected anything else. It is tough. It is a learning process and we have got to be patient. Going forward is the main priority. We need to learn from the race. Stunning. Both McLaren drivers are ELIMINATED from the opening qualifying session of 2015. Button improves his time to leapfrog Magnussen, but they will start 17th and 18th respectively. They will start on the final row of the grid. Ouch. Kvyat is given one timed lap to stick his Red Bull into Q2 and he posts a 1:30.402 which is good enough for P13... but what can the McLarens do? But Sainz pops his Toro Rosso into P4 and Maldonado goes ninth. That leaves Magnussen and Button in the drop-zone. Kvyat, yet to take to the track, with less than five minutes. With Manor not running, only three drivers will be eliminated from Q1; Pastor Maldonado and Carlos Sainz are the two drivers set to miss out... Hamilton quickly usurps Rosberg however, and he tops the timesheets in Melbourne. Five minutes to go. But Rosberg, still on the medium compound tyres, pops in a 1:28.906 to go fastest. So, with eight minutes to go in Q1, Vettel leads from Bottas, Raikkonen, Hamilton, Massa, Rosberg, Hulkenberg, Verstappen, Grosjean and Perez. Rosberg, on the medium compound - remember Ferrari are on the softer, quicker compound - goes fourth, a second slower than Vettel. Sainz has a wee spin in his Toro Rosso as Hamilton crosses the line with a 1:30.277. That leaves him in third behind the two Ferraris. Back on track and it is Kimi Raikkonen with a 1:30.188 who goes easily fastest. And his new Ferrari team-mate, the four-time world champion Sebastian Vettel, is even quicker. The German crosses the line some seven tenths faster than Raikkonen. Hamilton, on the medium compound takes a wee trip across the grass on his out-lap. Not the ideal start to qualifying from the Brit there. He is reporting 'really big vibrations' on his current set of tyres. Sainz is the first to cross the line and he pops in a 1:33.094. Hamilton meanwhile, is out on track in his Mercedes. Meanwhile, it has been confirmed that Manor, who pulled everything out of the bag to make it to Melbourne, will not take part in qualifying so they will not race this weekend. The pit-lane is open and the first of three qualifying sessions is underway at Albert Park. It is the Toro Rosso of Carlos Sainz Jnr who is the first driver to take to the track… . The Formula One circus takes on five continents over eight months of gruelling action in 2015. Click on Sportsmail's brilliant interactive guide to find out everything you need to know about the 20 races which make up this year's calendar. The British driver and his team-mate Kevin Magnussen, who is deputising for the injured Fernando Alonso, endured a miserable day during practice for the season opener at the Albert Park Circuit. The McLaren pair, hampered by reliability problems to their new Honda engine, managed only 13 laps between them in Friday’s opening session and were five seconds down on Nico Rosberg’s best time for Mercedes. So, with 10 minutes to go until the start of qualifying, why not catch up on the very latest news from Melbourne, starting with Hamilton and his hope that he will be remembered as a legend when he retires from Formula One. The British team have renewed their iconic relationship with Japanese engine supplier Honda, the Japanese engine supplier which saw McLaren win four straight drivers’ and constructors’ titles between 1988 and 1991. But they’ve struggled in winter testing, and it hasn’t got any better in Melbourne. Jenson Button and Kevin Magnussen, standing in for the absent Fernando Alonso, propped up the timesheets yesterday. And they, along with the Red Bulls of Daniel Ricciardo and Daniil Kvyat, were slowest again this morning. But Button remains, retained by McLaren for a sixth season, remains typically optimistic: ‘This is the package I think will challenge Mercedes. I really think that…. It is just going to take some time.’ Lewis Hamilton ended both practice sessions behind Nico Rosberg yesterday, but the Briton was back on top this morning. He was almost one second clear of Sebastian Vettel with Rosberg in third. Good morning and welcome to MailOnline’s coverage for the season-opening Australian Grand Prix. We kick off our live coverage for 2015 with qualifying at Albert Park, the traditional host to the first Formula One race of the campaign. Lewis Hamilton is the overwhelming favourite to defend his crown which he won so dramatically last year. But his Mercedes team-mate Nico Rosberg, who finished runner-up in 2014, is expected to be nipping at his gearbox throughout what promises to be another scintillating campaign. We’ll cover every qualifying and race live, so stick with us from the season opener in Melbourne right down to the final race of the campaign in Abu Dhabi eight months from now… . | Lewis Hamilton will start Sunday's Australian Grand Prix from pole . He was over half-a-second quicker than Nico Rosberg in qualifying . Mercedes secure front-row lockout with Felipe Massa 3rd in his Williams . But Jenson Button and Kevin Magnussen are eliminated from Q1 and they will start on LAST row of the grid for McLaren in Melbourne . |
Given this paragraph about Simon Bolivar, tell me when and where they were born, and what they are known for | Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America. Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas in the Captaincy General of Venezuela into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards (criollo), but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common for men of upper-class families in his day. While living in Madrid from 1800 to 1802, he was introduced to Enlightenment philosophy and married María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, who died in Venezuela from yellow fever in 1803. From 1803 to 1805, Bolívar embarked on a Grand Tour that ended in Rome, where he swore to end the Spanish rule in the Americas. In 1807, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and proposed gaining Venezuelan independence to other wealthy creoles. When the Spanish authority in the Americas weakened due to Napoleon's Peninsular War, Bolívar became a zealous combatant and politician in the Spanish American wars of independence. | Simon Bolivar was born in Caracas, Venezuela on 24 July 1783. He is known for leading the wars of independence from the Spanish Empire from what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | London (CNN)The discovery of the remains of Richard III beneath a car parking lot in the English city of Leicester in 2012 sparked excitement around the world. Now those bones are to be reburied following a series of commemorations full of the pomp and circumstance befitting of a royal farewell. In the years since it was exhumed, the King's skeleton has given up plenty of secrets -- and research continues to find out more. Say the name Richard III to most people, and the image that will spring to mind is of Shakespeare's villain, a cruel, conniving figure whose nasty character is reflected in his physical abnormalities, a "poisonous bunch-backed toad." History, they say, is written by the victors, and according to the Tudors and their most famous playwright, Richard was hunchbacked, with a withered hand and limping gait, "deformed, unfinished ... and that so lamely and unfashionable that dogs bark at me as I halt by them." For the archaeologists searching for Richard's remains, the sight of the freshly-uncovered skeleton's twisted spine was the moment the hairs began to stand up on the back of their necks; tests later revealed the King suffered from idiopathic adolescent-onset scoliosis. But while the skeleton's curved vertebrae are striking, experts say the resulting disability would not have been obvious in Richard III when he was alive. It would have meant his right shoulder was slightly higher than the other, but this was likely disguised by clothing, and so only apparent to the King's closest family and confidantes. READ MORE: Richard III's spine twisted, not hunched . The most famous portraits of Richard III depict him as dark-haired and steely eyed, but they were painted some 25 to 30 years after his death, and DNA tests on the remains suggest they are far from accurate. Genetic specialist Turi King, from the University of Leicester, said analysis of various genetic markers offered clues to the King's appearance, suggesting he was actually fair haired and had blue eyes. "[There are] genes that we know are involved in coding for hair and eye color," she told CNN in December 2014. "The genetic evidence shows he had a 96% probability of having blue eyes, and a 77% probability of having blond hair, though this can darken with age." This would mean that the painting of Richard III held by the Society of Antiquaries of London is the closest approximation we have to his real appearance: It shows him with grey-blue eyes and lighter brown hair than other portraits. READ MORE: DNA clue to Richard III's appearanceREAD MORE: Is this the face of Richard III? It is perhaps not surprising that a monarch would have a taste for the finer things in life, but heron -- really? Well yes -- in the medieval period wildfowl such as heron, egret and even swan would have featured heavily on the high-protein menus of the aristocracy. Scientists at the British Geological Survey measured the levels of isotopes including oxygen, strontium, nitrogen and carbon in Richard III's remains, revealing clues to what he ate and drank. They spotted a dramatic change in the last few years of his life -- suggesting his dietary habits became markedly richer once he became King. "Obviously, Richard was a nobleman beforehand, and so his diet would be reasonably rich already," explained isotope geochemist Angela Lamb, who led the study. "But once he became king we would expect him to be wining and dining more, banqueting more. "We have the menu from his coronation banquet and it was very elaborate -- lots of wildfowl, including real 'delicacies' such as peacock and swan, and fish -- carp, pike and so on." READ MORE: King's bones reveal luxury lifestyle . Something in that rich diet made Richard III sick: Scientists from the University of Cambridge and the University of Leicester found evidence the King was suffering from a roundworm infection when he died. Researchers examining soil samples from the pelvis and skull of the skeleton spotted roundworm eggs in the area where the dead monarch's intestines would have been. Roundworm eggs -- in this case Ascaris lumbricoides -- are ingested via contaminated food, water or soil; once hatched and matured, the worms can grow up to a foot long. "Despite Richard's noble background, it appears that his lifestyle did not completely protect him from intestinal parasite infection, which would have been very common at the time," said Dr Jo Appleby, from the University of Leicester, who exhumed the King's remains. "We would expect nobles of this period to have eaten meats such as beef, pork and fish regularly, but there was no evidence for the eggs of the beef, pork or fish tapeworm," said Dr Piers Mitchell of the University of Cambridge, adding that the lack of tapeworms suggested the food Richard III ate was thoroughly cooked. READ MORE: Richard III had roundworm infection . Richard III was the last English King to die in battle, at Bosworth on August 22, 1485. In his "Anglica Historia," the Italian Polydore Vergil, recorded that: "King Richard alone was killed fighting manfully in the thickest press of his enemies." When archaeologists studied the remains unearthed in Leicester, they found evidence of 11 of wounds inflicted at or around the time of his death: Nine to his skull and two to other parts of his body. The position of the injuries suggest that Richard had lost both his horse and his helmet when he was set upon by opposition troops. "The most likely injuries to have caused the king's death are the two to the inferior aspect of the skull -- a large sharp force trauma possibly from a sword or staff weapon, such as a halberd or bill, and a penetrating injury from the tip of an edged weapon," said Professor Guy Rutty, who said the wounds were consistent with accounts of what happened to him at Bosworth. Tests also found an injury to the inside of Richard III's pelvis which supports contemporary reports that his body was subjected to acts of ritual humiliation after his death. READ MORE: Richard III's fatal wounds revealed . | Skeleton of Richard III found under English parking lot in August 2012 . Remains have been examined and researched, yielding some surprising discoveries . The king -- the last English monarch to die in battle -- will be reburied in Leicester . |
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