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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | His nine-year career at Arsenal has been an emotional and physical roller coaster. Often showing glimpses that he is the perfect mix of power and guile his manager craves before spending weeks, or even years, in the treatment room, Arsene Wenger now looks set to release this French midfielder at the end of his contract in June. The ride is coming to an end. 1554 days, 222 weeks, over four years out injured. The numbers aren't as pretty as his playing style can be. This is the curious case of Abou Vassiriki Diaby. Abou Diaby poses with Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger upon his signing in January 2006 . Diaby challenges Bolton's Matt Jansen (C) during a 1-1 draw at Highbury in 2006 . Diaby sits on the first of the 60,000 seats to be installed at the Emirates Stadium before Arsenal moved in . Diaby beats Sunderland's Tommy Miller (right) during a match at the Stadium of Light in May 2006 . 3339 days at club . 1554 days injured . 46.5% injured . When Diaby arrived in the Premier League on January 13, 2006, Arsenal beat off competition from Chelsea and Jose Mourinho to sign the 19-year-old from Auxerre. Comparisons were already drawn to club legend and former captain Patrick Vieira because of his height, intensity and technique on the ball. 'Diaby is a bit more offensive than Vieira but when he plays a more defensive role he is very similar,' Wenger said. He started off well, scoring his first goal for the Gunners in April against Aston Villa, but his debut half-season in north London ended in despair. Diaby was the victim of an 'assassins tackle' from Sunderland youngster Dan Smith - according to Wenger - his sickening scream as he fractured his ankle at the Stadium of Light must still be heard by the boss. All 42 of Diaby's injuries since he joined Arsenal in January 2006 . Diaby battles with Tottenham's Jermaine Jenas during their League Cup semi-final second leg at the Emirates Stadium in January 2007. Arsenal won the tie 5-3 on aggregate . Diaby tussles with Chelsea's Lassana Diarra (left) during the Carling Cup final in February 2007. Chelsea won the game 2-1 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff . Diaby kicked Chelsea captain John Terry in the face during the final in 2007 . Manuel Fernandes of Everton battles with Arsenal trio Jeremie Aliadiere, Cesc Fabregas and Diab during a league match at Goodison Park in March 2007. Everton won the game 1-0 . A bandaged Diaby under pressure from Manchester City's Michael Ball (right) during Arsenal's 3-1 win at the Emirates Stadium in the league in April 2007 . Arsenal have played in 350 league games since About Diaby signed. He has featured in 124 of them or 35%, one every 15.7 days. League games by season: 2005/06: 12, 2006-07: 12, 2007-08: 15, 2008-09: 24, 2009-10: 29, 2010/11: 16, 2011-12: 4, 2012-13 11, 2013-14 1, 2014-15: 0 . Put simply, the 28-year-old has never recovered. Whether it be a calf muscle or a hamstring, an abdominal strain or a cruciate ligament, Diaby's talent looks set to be wasted. He has clocked up 42 injuries during his Arsenal career, according to data from physioroom, averaging a new setback every 80 days. The Gunners have played 350 league games since his arrival but Diaby has featured in just 35 per cent of them. Despite his struggles, his almost constant spell on the sidelines hasn't been short of its positive moments. In early 2012 Diaby came back into the Arsenal team to feature alongside Mikel Arteta and Santi Cazorla and impressed, even scoring on his return to the French national team. Wenger heralded his fellow countryman as a holding midfielder when he made his one and only performance this season, a slack display against Southampton in a Capital One Cup defeat. Diaby is embraced by team-mates Eduardo (left) and Diarra (centre) during Arsenal's 3-2 win at Blackburn Rovers during the Carling Cup quarter-final in December 2007 . Diaby dives in to challenge Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney during the Champions League semi-final at Old Trafford in April 2009 . Diaby scores past AZ Alkmaar goalkeeper Sergio Romero during the Champions League Group H clash at the Emirates Stadium in November 2009 . The Arsenal midfielder scores a header past Liverpool goalkeeper Pepe Reina in February 2010 . As recently as November, the Gunners' boss was insistent that Diaby would be offered his new contract if he were to prove his health. 'If he comes back, I will keep him. I always believed in him. In football, the most important thing is health.' But Diaby hasn't come close to featuring since, and given the wealth of midfield options Wenger has available it is extremely unlikely he will ever don the Arsenal shirt again, even if he were to return to fitness. He is the second longest-serving player at the club behind Theo Walcott, and is a much-loved figure in the dressing room. His emotional pull remains strong with the fans, who would love for him to be the midfield destroyer and box-to-box runner he has shown he can be. Diaby vies for the ball with Barcelona star Lionel Messi during the Champions League quarter-final at the Emirates Stadium in March 2010 . Diaby battles with Liverpool midfielder Joe Cole (left) during a 1-1 draw at Anfield in August 2010 . Diaby appeared on the final day of last season for Arsenal away at Norwich in his most recent Premier League appearance for the club. It was also his only appearance last season . However, this isn't a perfect world and head must rule over heart, especially at a club vying for the top places. Diaby has played one Premier League game in his last two years, and Arsenal have backed the player admirably. But as the midfielder looks to get back to full strength once again, wherever that may be, this quote by Vieira should not be forgotten. 'If he could have improved constantly, he would have reached an exceptional level. About his potential, he is better than me, better on a technical level, better dribbler, and better scorer too.' What a player Wenger could have had at his disposal. 2014 . Calf Muscle Strain, November 24 . Calf/Shin, October 14 . Hip/Thigh, July 26 . Groin/Pelvis, April 22 . 2013 . ACL Knee, March 27 . Calf/Shin, February 23 . Illness, January 22 . 2012 . Thigh Muscle Strain, September 29 . Muscle, September 7 . Calf Muscle Strain, April 28 . Illness, April 23 . Hamstring, March 29 . Hamstring, March 3 . 2011 . Hamstring, November 26 . Ankle/Foot, July 22 . Calf Muscle Strain, January 2 . 2010 . Calf Muscle Strain, December 30 . Ankle/Foot, October 19 . Ankle/Foot, October 4 . Ankle/Foot, September 13 . Calf Muscle Strain, August 11 . Calf Muscle Strain, March 27 . MCL Knee Ligament, February 17 . Calf Muscle Strain, January 20 . 2009 . Calf Muscle Strain, November 7 . Ankle/Foot, October 10 . Groin Strain, August 12 . Knee, July 27 . Thigh Muscle Strain, April 1 . Calf Muscle Strain, February 24 . Thigh Muscle Strain, January 31 . 2008 . Abdominal Strain, November 22 . Thigh Muscle Strain, August 3 . Thigh Muscle Strain, April 25 . Calf Muscle Strain, March 7 . Calf Muscle Strain, February 8 . 2007 . Back, November 22 . Sprained Ankle, August 14 . Concussion, April 20 . Sprained Ankle, February 25 . Knee, February 2 . 2006 . Ankle/Foot Injury, May 1 . 42 INJURIES (ONE EVERY 79.5 DAYS) calf muscle 11, ankle/foot 6, thigh muscle 5, hamstring 3, sprained ankle 2, illness 2, calf/shin 2, knee 2, hip/thigh 1, groin/pelvis 1, acl knee 1, muscle injury 1, mcl knee ligament 1, groin strain 1, abdominal strain 1, back injury 1, concussion 1. | Abou Diaby set to be released by Arsenal after nine years at the club . Midfielder has spent over four years of his spell at the club out injured . Arsene Wenger beat off competition from Chelsea to sign him in 2006 . Clocked up 42 injuries with Arsenal, averaging a setback every 80 days . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The good news for all concerned in Monaco was that it had stopped raining. Arsene Wenger had raised fears on the eve of the game and as the downpour continued into the night the Arsenal manager wasn't the only one casting anxious glances skywards. This is a big day for the new AS Monaco and they do not want it washed out. Arsene Wenger had raised fears over the playing surface at Monaco's Stade Louis II on Monday night . The Stade Louis II has a poor surface and groundstaff have worked hard to help it drain after heavy rainfall . Dimitar Berbatov celebrates during Monaco's 3-1 win against Arsenal at the Emirates last month . A recent game against Montpellier had been cancelled and because the pitch at the Stade Louis II is a notoriously poor surface, with so much going on beneath it: car parks, swimming pools, etc groundstaff worked through the night to help it drain as they prepare for what they hope will be a famous victory, one which will see them into the last eight of the Champions League for the first time since 2004, when they went on to the final and lost to Jose Mourinho's Porto. Much has happened to Monaco since then. They almost dropped into the third tier of French football and faced extinction before Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev came to the rescue and got them moving in the right direction once again. The first leg result against Arsenal was confirmation that the Rybolovlev project is still on track, having survived a change of direction and an exodus of top players like James Rodriguez and Radamel Falcao last summer. Russian billionaire Dmitry Rybolovlev rescued the club from almost dropping into the French Third Division . Porto celebrate winning the Champions League in 2004 after beating Monaco in the final in Germany . Monaco wideman Jerome Rothen shields the ball away from Porto midfielder Pedro Mendes during the final . Radamel Falcao and James Rodriguez both left Monaco for Man United and Real Madrid respectively . No club in the Champions League era has surrendered a two-goal lead after playing the first leg away and Leonardo Jardim's team prides itself on tight defence. They have conceded only once in the last 12 home games and are quietly confident history will not be rewritten, with Jardim expected to enhance his reputation for caution by making a tweak or two to his team to make it even more solid. If they park the Bentley as smartly as they did at the Emirates Stadium, it promises to be one of the great nights in Monaco's recent history. VIDEO Monaco favourites to progress . Monaco boss Leonardo Jardim has guided his team to eleven clean sheets in their last twelve home games . Aymen Abdenoour celebrates the win over Arsenal and Monaco will be confident history will not be rewritten . The 18,000 capacity stadium is sold-out, which rarely happens. There were fewer than 6,000 in to see them beat nine-man Bastia on Friday, a 3-0 win which kept them in touch with the Ligue 1 leaders. Despite its rich history, Monaco will never be one of the France's football hotbeds. It is a unique club set in the playground of the privileged, where most of the local residents are far wealthier than any of the players and many of them more recognisable. In Monte Carlo, the most famous of the Principality's districts, you would hardly know there was a big Champions League game on. The stadium is set in Fontvieille, a district reclaimed from the sea in the 1970s, and cut off by a tunnel from the more recognisable sights such as Casino Square, the Opera, a harbour crammed with super-yachts and the Grand Prix circuit. Abdenoour and Ricardo Carvalho congratulate goalscorer Anthony Martial during Friday's 3-0 win over Bastia . Work has started this week in preparation for the Monaco Grand Prix in May. Wenger's first return to the club he managed for seven years until 1994 fails to make the social calendar for many of those who settle here to enjoy tax-free life in the world's smallest monarchy. L'Equipe has devoted it's pages to Tuesday's clash . Prince Albert, the ruling monarch, continues to support the club he used to run and will be at the game, as the French attempt to claim another football triumph against the English after Chelsea were knocked out by Paris St Germain last week. French sports paper L'Equipe devoted its first five pages to the game with the disciplinary saga of PSG idol Zlatan Ibrahimovic relegated to Page 6. Instead, rival strikers Olivier Giroud and Dimitar Berbatov were pitched head-to-head on the front. At Stade Louis II on the eve of the game, Wenger was met by Monaco's vice-president Vadim Vasilyev and presented with a framed picture designed to commemorate his work at the club, where he won the French title in 1988. In an interview with Sportsmail, last month, ahead of the first-leg, Vasilyev hailed Wenger as 'one of the iconic coaches of modern football' but the Arsenal manager is not big on sentiment. He was wounded by the 3-1 defeat in the first leg and aware that history is against a glorious comeback, but the noises from the Arsenal camp were all about believing the impossible to be possible. With their array of attacking talent, scoring three goals seems an achievable target. Keeping Monaco at bay at the other end while doing so, may be a different proposition. Wenger watches on during his first match in European competition as Monaco manager - a victory in 1988 . | Monaco host Arsenal in UEFA Champions League last 16 on Tuesday night . The club's 18,000 capacity Stade Louis II has sold out for the clash . No club has surrended a two-goal lead after playing first leg away . Arsene Wenger picture special: Sportsmail marks his return to Monaco . READ: Monaco's Ricardo Carvalho warns his side against complacency . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The former girlfriend of a British soldier killed fighting ISIS extremists revealed last night he hoped to rekindle their relationship when he returned from Syria. Ex-Royal Marine Konstandinos Erik Scurfield, 25, was hit by mortar fire while fighting alongside Kurdish forces near the Syrian city of Qamishli. Jemma Weston, who dated Mr Scurfield while they were at college in Nottingham five years ago and remained close friends with him, said he was an 'amazing man' and she would miss him for the rest of her life. She said: 'The last time I spoke to him, just a few months ago, he said, 'I want to come back and I want to come back to you'.' She added: 'I'm so sad that will now never happen.' Scroll down for video . Jemma Weston, ex-girlfriend of former Royal Marine Kostandinos Scurfield, paid tribute to an 'amazing man' after he was killed fighting ISIS. In a last video message (right) Mr Scurfield says he was in Syria 'to help' Keen horse rider Miss Weston, 23, said she believed going to Syria had been his way of 'giving something back'. 'He meant a great deal to me and I am completely devastated by the news,' she said. 'I will miss this amazing man for the rest of my life.' She said that although their romance failed to take off, they had become close again last year shortly before he travelled to Syria, and he had hoped to rekindle their relationship. While she knew he was going abroad, he hadn't told her of his plans or his sympathies with the war-torn country's people, but she said risking his life in this way would have been wholly in character for him. 'Going to Syria was his way of doing an unselfish act,' she said. 'He was doing it to help other people and to make a difference, I think. 'It was his way of giving something back. When we last spoke I asked him if he would be all right and he said 'Yeah, I'll be fine'. He told me 'This is what I've got to do'. Mr Scurfield's family, who live in a former farmhouse in Royston, near Barnsley, paid tribute to him yesterday saying: 'His flame might have burned briefly but it burned brightly with love, courage, conviction and honour and we are very proud of him.' Miss Weston, who met Mr Scurfield at college in Nottingham, said he would have wanted to make a difference . Konstandinos Erik Scurfield (kneeling) pictured with Jordan Matson (second from right), a former US soldier . Mr Scurfield (pictured), one whose fellow-fighters said he 'gave his life combating terrorism for his nation' Last night video footage emerged of the Afghanistan veteran in Syria wearing combat gear, jeans and a black T-shirt. He says: 'My name is Konstandinos Erik Scurfield. I came here on my own free will and I came here to help.' Konstandinos Erik Scurfield was stopped from joining Kurdish forces last October when he was still a serving Royal Marine. He had been training with the US Marines in California when he made email contact with a Kurdish group and arranged to travel to the frontline. But he was stopped while trying to board a flight from Los Angeles to Istanbul, a now well-known jumping off point for Syria, in October and questioned by the American authorities. His one-way ticket rang 'alarm bells', officials said, and his luggage, phone and laptop were examined. The Marine, who was known to be outraged by the atrocities committed by the fanatics of Islamic State, was also questioned by police on arrival in the UK and then returned to his unit, 45 Commando, in Arbroath, Scotland. It is believed he left the Royal Marines just weeks later. It also emerged that he was questioned by police last October on suspicion of going to Syria to fight jihadists. He was preparing to fly from the US to Turkey after contacting a Kurdish group on Facebook. He was returned to his unit in Arbroath, Angus, but decided to leave the Armed Forces before Christmas so he could travel to the war-torn region to fight. Mr Scurfield, known as Kosta to his comrades, is the first Briton to be killed while fighting IS in Syria. The former drama student, who had ambitions to become an actor before joining the Royal Marines aged 21, was described by his comrades as 'Kosta's one-man army' who raised the morale of fighters. John Foxx, who served alongside him in a team of foreign fighters nicknamed the Chappies, said: 'He was hands down one of the greatest human beings I have ever met. From beginning to end he was 100 per cent about helping everyone else.' Last night a fellow Royal Marine said: 'He was very angry about the Middle East and the Islamic State. 'As a unit we had been on standby several times but nothing happened and he was frustrated that the UK was standing back. He was a very focused and good Marine, but the Islamic State was his priority.' Mr Scurfield decided to quit the Army to join the Kurdish peshmerga after befriending fighters in the region on Facebook. Fellow fighters in Mr Scurfield's 'Lions of Rojava' group have posted tributes to him online today . Mr Scurfield was described by family friends as 'strong-willed', with a 'deep sense of duty and honour' He left his base in November, telling his parents, both 49, and his three siblings that he was going to provide 'medical and humanitarian support' as an expert in battlefield medicine. Mr Foxx added: 'He would always volunteer to be on the ambush team, spend the night on the [defence fortification] or go on any assault.' Jordan Matson, a former US soldier also fighting with the Kurds, described Mr Scurfield as a 'disciplined warrior'. He added: 'Kosta wanted nothing more than to bring the fight to the enemy.' In recent weeks, Mr Scurfield's father, archaeologist Christopher Scurfield, and his mother Vasiliki – a writer and teacher – became increasingly concerned and contacted their MP for help. Dan Jarvis, Labour MP for Barnsley Central, said: 'They came to me a few weeks ago very worried for their son's safety and tragically it appears their worst fears have been realised.' Mark Campbell, a pro-Kurdish rights campaigner who broke the news to the family, said: 'It was very, very emotional, [his mother] was literally in tears for the whole conversation.' He said the Peshmerga wanted to bury Mr Scurfield as 'one of their comrades in arms, as a hero'. Konstandinos Erik Scurfield died while fighting with the Kurdistan People's Protection Units (YPG) in the Al-Hasakah province on Monday . It is believed that more than 100 western fighter have joined the Kurds in Syria in the fight against ISIS. Pictured are ISIS militants parading through the streets of Raqqa . Schoolfriends of Konstandinos Erik Scurfield say they are mourning a 'real character' and remembering his 'cheeky smile'. Classmates from Royston High School, where he studied until 2006, said they are hoping to organise a reunion event in his memory. Emma Hyman, 24, said his school friends have found it difficult to match the fun-loving actor who was loved by everyone in his year with the pictures they have seen of him over the last couple days in military poses wearing combat fatigues. School friends of Mr Scurfield say he was always popular in his youth and wasn't one to get into fights . Miss Hyman said: 'He was such a people-person and when he went into the forces it was a big surprise. He wasn't a fighter. 'He didn't get into any fights at school or anything like that. You put people in groups - certain things they might do with their lives and I would never have had him down as becoming a soldier.' She said he also had long hair at school, where he was an extremely popular student and was also very clever - in the top sets for everything. She said he came to Royston High, which no longer exists, in his early teens from Nottingham and was immediately noticeable because he did not have a Barnsley accent and was 'really well-spoken, very polite and very respectful'. She said: 'Everybody loved him because he was a real character. He was one of those people who you couldn't find anything negative at all to say about him. He was friendly and funny and really laid back. He had such a cheeky smile. Miss Hyman added: 'We're trying to organise something so we can all get together and remember him. It's at the early stages at the moment. It's a shame we are going to all come together in these circumstances.' | Konstandinos Erik Scurfield was killed fighting Islamic State on Monday . Former Royal Marine is first UK national to be killed battling ISIS in Syria . Family said yesterday: 'His flame burned briefly but it burned brightly' Ex-girlfriend says he went to Middle East to 'give something back' Archaeologists' son joined elite Navy regiment after studying drama . Friends say he had 'deep sense of the duty' and was 'angry' about ISIS . |
When was the attack on Pearl Harbor | The attack on Pearl Harbor[nb 3] was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 8:00 a.m. (local time) on Sunday, December 7, 1941. The United States was a neutral country at the time; the attack led to its formal entry into World War II the next day. The Japanese military leadership referred to the attack as the Hawaii Operation and Operation AI,[nb 4] and as Operation Z during its planning.
The attack was preceded by months of negotiations between the U.S. and Japan over the future of the Pacific. Japanese demands included that the U.S. end its sanctions against Japan, cease aiding China in the Second Sino-Japanese war, and allow Japan to access the resources of the Dutch East Indies. Anticipating a negative response from the US, Japan sent out its naval attack groups in November 1941 just prior to receiving the Hull note—the U.S. demand that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina.
Japan intended the attack as a preventive action. Its aim was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with its planned military actions in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and those of the United States. Over the course of seven hours there were coordinated Japanese attacks on the U.S.-held Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island and on the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. | December 7, 1941 |
What was the 97th Rifle Division | The 97th Rifle Division was thrice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the prewar buildup of forces. The first formation was based on the pre-September 1939 shtat (table of organization and equipment) and the division was initially intended to serve in the fortifications along the border with Poland in western Ukraine. Beginning on September 17, 1939 it took part in the invasion of eastern Poland and then was moved north to join the 7th Army and later the 13th Army on the Karelian Isthmus during the Winter War against Finland where it saw action in the latter part of the struggle. Following this it returned to western Ukraine where it was on the border at the time of the German invasion in June 1941. At considerable cost it was able to retreat back to the Dniepr River south of Kiev during July and was still there as part of 26th Army when the Soviet forces in eastern Ukraine were largely surrounded and wiped out in September. The division was finally disbanded in late December. | The 97th Rifle Division was thrice formed as an infantry division of the Red Army, first as part of the prewar buildup of forces. The first formation was based on the pre-September 1939 shtat (table of organization and equipment) and the division was initially intended to serve in the fortifications along the border with Poland in western Ukraine.
Beginning on September 17, 1939 it took part in the invasion of eastern Poland and then was moved north to join the 7th Army and later the 13th Army on the Karelian Isthmus during the Winter War against Finland where it saw action in the latter part of the struggle. |
What is Sauvignon blanc? | Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words sauvage ("wild") and blanc ("white") due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France. It is possibly a descendant of Savagnin. Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine. The grape is also a component of the famous dessert wines from Sauternes and Barsac. Sauvignon blanc is widely cultivated in France, Chile, Romania, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Bulgaria, the states of Oregon, Washington, and California in the US. Some New World Sauvignon blancs, particularly from California, may also be called "Fumé Blanc", a marketing term coined by Robert Mondavi in reference to Pouilly-Fumé.
Depending on the climate, the flavor can range from aggressively grassy to sweetly tropical. In cooler climates, the grape has a tendency to produce wines with noticeable acidity and "green flavors" of grass, green bell peppers and nettles with some tropical fruit (such as passion fruit) and floral (such as elderflower) notes. In warmer climates, it can develop more tropical fruit notes but risks losing much aroma from over-ripeness, leaving only slight grapefruit and tree fruit (such as peach) notes. | Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France. Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | After adding superstar running back LeSean McCoy to his roster, new head coach Rex Ryan looks to have found a new quarterback for the Buffalo Bills. Matt Cassel will join next week from the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for draft picks. The Bills will trade their sixth round pick for a fifth round pick in May's draft as well as a seventh round pick in 2016. The 32-year-old played the first three games of last season before a broken foot suffered in the defeat at New Orleans ended his season. Teddy Bridgewater, the Pepsi Rookie of the Year, took over under center and Cassel has opted to play elsewhere. Matt Cassel will head to Buffalo to manage Greg Roman's offensive scheme . Due $4.15million this year - including a $500,000 roster bonus - Cassel has a year left on his two-year, $10 million deal he signed with Minnesota last March. Cassel, who was drafted by the New England Patriots in 2005, has also played for the Kansas City Chiefs and has a 33-38 record as starter during his 10-year NFL career. Cassel and the Bills travel to London in Week 7, where they will play the Jacksonville Jaguars on October 25. Cassel has experience of playing London as he led the Vikings to a 34-27 win over Pittsburgh in 2012. | Cassel, 32, comes from the Vikings in a trade for draft picks . The deal comes a day after Rex Ryan added LeSean McCoy to his roster . Cassel was drafted by New England in 2005 and also played for the Chiefs . The 32-year-old has a record of 33-38 as starter during his 10-year career . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sir Alex Ferguson made a phone call to Tony Blair as part of a desperate attempt to keep Manchester United in the 1999-2000 FA Cup, a man close to the talks has revealed. But the then Prime Minister was about to go into a meeting with Yugoslavia president Slobodan Milosevic in a bid to bring an end to the raging war in Kosovo and could not speak. As a result, Sir Alex admitted defeat and United ended up going to FIFA's inaugural Club World Championship in Brazil in an attempt to boost the FA's ultimately unsuccessful attempt to win the right to host the 2006 World Cup, and pulling out of a competition they had won a year previously. Sir Alex Ferguson (right) asked Tony Blair (left) if Manchester United could compete in the 1999-2000 FA Cup . Manchester United were asked by Blair's envoy to play at the inaugural Club World Championship in 2000 . United withdrew from the 1999-2000 FA Cup in order to help the FA's bid to host the 2006 World Cup . Andy Walsh is now general manager at FC United, the club set up in protest at the Glazer family's takeover of United in 2005 who are set to move to a new home in April. But in June of 1999 he was an member of the influential Independent Manchester United Supporters Association and in regular contact with the fiery Scotsman. Andy, who made the revelation in an interview with the fanzine Red News, explained the unlikely story to Sportsmail. 'United came out as the villains in all of it,' Andy said. 'But both Sir Alex and then chairman Martin Edwards were under incredible pressure from Tony Banks, the Prime Minister's envoy for the World Cup bid, and from David Davies, the FA's acting chief executive to pull out of the FA Cup and go to Brazil for the Fifa tournament. 'As fans we wanted to find ways of keeping them in the FA Cup and we thought we had come up with a solution. 'It involved moving some of the fixtures to earlier in the season and creating a gap before United were due to go in January during which, if the FA would move the tie, they could play their third round cup match.' Manchester United were under pressure to withdraw from the FA Cup, according to Andy Walsh (centre) Andy explained that the plan had gathered momentum, but added that things took a turn for the worse at the Charity Shield. 'We were playing Arsenal and Martin Edwards was sat next to the new Minister for Sport, Kate Hoey. She made some remark along the lines of "I believe you're ruining this season's FA Cup" and when word of that got back to Fergie he was furious. 'I spoke to him over the phone and he said: "That's it, they're forcing us out. F*** them. We're going to Brazil and that's the end of it". 'Then he told me that he had tried to call Tony Blair and he couldn't sort it. 'I'd seen Blair on the news that morning going to Yugoslavia so I asked Fergie what had been said. 'He told me that Blair had told him he was about to go into a meeting with Milosevic and that was the end of it.' Blair could not answer Ferguson's request as he was about to speak to Slobodan Milosevic (pictured) The saga turned into a disaster all around, with England's World Cup bid failing and United drawing with Mexicans Necaxa (with David Beckham sent off and Ferguson sent to the stands for complaining about the decision) and defeated by Brazilians Vasco da Gama. Sir Alex would have the last laugh, however, with his side returning to England to romp to the Premier League title, finishing 18 points ahead of Arsenal. In the summer of 1999 peacekeepers entered Kosovo as Milosevic's forces withdrew. He would eventually be found dead in his cell in 2006 during a war crimes prosecution at The Hague at which he was defending himself. | Man United were asked by Tony Blair's envoy to play at the Club World Championship in order to boost the FA's bid to host the 2006 World Cup . United had to pull out of the 1999-2000 FA Cup in order to fly to Brazil . Sir Alex Ferguson asked Blair if he could keep United in the FA Cup . Blair was about to speak to Yugoslavia president Slobodan Milosevic . |
As per Bernoulli's principle what should the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy be? | Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected.
Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere.
Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.
Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest. | Bernoulli's principle requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. |
What is The Masters? | The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is always held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the city of Augusta, Georgia, in the southeastern United States. | The Masters Tournament is one of the four major professional golf championships and is scheduled for the first full week of April. The Masters is the first major of the year and is held at the same location every year - Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. |
How is Robert Lugn's leadership characterized? | Lugn was promoted to lieutenant in 1950 and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in from 1955 to 1957 and conducted military studies in Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands in 1956. He became captain of the General Staff Corps in 1960 and was appointed section chief in the Organisation Department of the Army Staff. Lugn conducted military studies in Norway in 1961.
In 1965, Lugn served in the Swedish Battalion in Cyprus, part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and in 1966 he was promoted to major of the General Staff Corps. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the General Staff Corps in 1968 and served in Göta Life Guards (P 1) in 1970. In 1972, Lugn was promoted to colonel of the General Staff Corps and appointed section chief in the Army Staff. From 1975 to 1977, he served as acting regimental commander of Hälsinge Regiment (I 14) and Gävleborg Defence District (Gävleborgs försvarsområde, Fo 49) when he was promoted to senior colonel and was appointed Chief of Staff of the Western Military District. Lugn was promoted to major general and appointed Chief of the Army Staff and Chief of the General Staff Corps in 1979.
As Chief of the Army Staff, he led the difficult balancing work between quality and quantity in the conscript army within the given financial framework. His written instructions to the staff were marked by a good pen. They expressed his enduring interest in quality in the army's war organization. Lugn's interaction with the staff members was characterized by consideration pairing with great humor. His laid-back leadership style created a good atmosphere that eased employees' sometimes heavy workload. Lugn then served as Chief of Home Guard from 1 October 1983.
As Chief of Home Guard, Lugn made radical changes to the Home Guard. He got the servicemen to accept that they belonged to an army unit and introduced military training to all servicemen. It was revolutionary for the Home Guard, which until then admittedly received weapons training but very little unit training. Now the servicemen were trained in groups and also in working platoons and the training included all the elements that a soldier needs to be able to have. He also made sure that the platoons got heavier weapons such as machine guns and recoilless rifles. Lugn also took hold of the higher education of the commander and introduced a higher education of circuit Home Guard commanders, which led to competence as battalion commander. Lugn served as Chief of Home Guard until his retirement on 1 March 1988. | Major General Per Erick Robert Lugn leadership carried a laid back leadership style that ultimately created a good atmosphere, specially easing the workload of the staff members. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Talk about going out with a bang! Video captures the moment bomb technicians from Midland Police Department in Texas detonated ten tons of illegal fireworks on Monday afternoon. The deafening footage shows a giant plume of smoke sailing into the sky interspersed with flashes of brilliant white and red. Most of the explosives were reportedly confiscated during last year's Fourth of July festivities. Consumer fireworks must be stored by a licensed pyrotechnician and labeled properly otherwise they are subject to confiscation. Russ Morrison, from the bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, told the Midland Reporter-Telegram that the explosive materials are usually stored for months in off-site bunkers before being collectively destroyed. Caught on camera: Video captures the moment bomb technicians from Midland Police Department in Texas detonated ten tons of illegal fireworks on Monday afternoon . Turn down the volume: The deafening footage shows a giant plume of smoke sailing into the sky interspersed with flashes of brilliant white and red . He added that highly-skilled technicians are put in charge of the job as fireworks can prove fatal. In the Texas case, the explosives were disposed of in a controlled destruction during the day, because authorities did not want it to be confused for a public fireworks show. The fiery footage of the discharge was posted on the Midland Police Department Facebook page and has been viewed more than 128,000 times. | Video captures the moment bomb technicians from Midland Police Department in Texas detonated seized explosive on Monday . They were disposed of in a controlled destruction during the day because authorities did not want it to be confused for a public fireworks show . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fernando Alonso will fly to Malaysia for the Grand Prix on March 29 after having tests to establish whether he has recovered from concussion. The McLaren driver missed the season's first race in Australia after a crash in pre-season testing. His adviser Luis Garcia Abad refused to confirm reports in Spain that Alonso had got the all-clear after the tests. 'It is private so I cannot confirm or deny it, but I have no doubts he will go to Malaysia as planned,' he said. Fernando Alonso will fly to Malaysia for the second race of the season after undergoing tests . | Fernando Alonso missed the Australian Grand Prix after a crash . The McLaren driver was hurt in pre-season testing . Alonso will fly to Malaysia for the second race of the season next week . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Brazilian players Thiago Silva, Neymar, Willian and Marcelo took a minute out of their heavy training session to strike a pose in the gym as they prepare for their game against France. Chelsea midfielder Willian showed Paris Saint-Germain defender Silva there were no hard feelings with the west London club's dramatic Champions League exit still fresh in the mind. All four players are expected to be in the starting line-ups when they face Les Bleus at the Stade De France on Thursday evening. Brazilian players Thiago Silva, Neymar, Willian and Marcelo strike a pose after heavy training session . Neymar steps out for Tuesday's training session at the Stade Charlety in Paris ahead of the France clash . PSG defender Silva leans on Neymar as the pair go through their stretching exercises . Barcelona forward Neymar takes his turn to chase the ball during a game of rondo at the session on Tuesday . Dunga's squad continued their preparations on Tuesday for the friendly against Didier Deschamps' side before they face South American opponents Chile at Arsenal's Emirates Stadium on Sunday. The players braved the wet weather as they were put through their paces at a training session in the French capital as they look to continue their impressive form since the humiliating exit from the World Cup last summer. The Selecao have won all six games since being beaten 3-0 by Holland in the third place play-off, conceding just once during that run. Neymar appears to take a tumble as he chases down possession during Brazil training . Brazil manager Dunga wraps up as the rain comes down during the training session on Tuesday . The Brazil squad warm up at the Stade Charlety in Paris as they prepare for Thursday's game with France . Barcelona ace Neymar joined his teammates for the international break straight after he had helped the Catalan side beat Real Madrid to go four points clear of Real Madrid in La Liga. Neymar was criticised for being too selfish during the game against Real Madrid at the Nou Camp. But, it is difficult to imagine the 23-year-old golden boy getting any stick from the adoring Brazilian fans should they make the journey to Paris. The Brazilian had a number of opportunities to release the ball in a good position but chose to go for goal . | Brazil face France at the Stade De France in Paris on Thursday night . Thiago Silva, Neymar, Willian and Marcelo took time out to strike a pose . All four are expected to start for Dunga's side when they take on Les Bleus . Neymar travelled to meet up with the squad straight after El Clasico win . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Madeira Islands Open has been reduced to 54 holes after strong winds meant no play was possible at Santo da Serra on Thursday. Gusts reached 47mph and stayed steadily above 35mph during the day, causing balls to move on the greens at the mountain-top venue. Round one is scheduled to start on Friday, with tee times for the first two rounds remaining unchanged and the cut coming after 36 holes. The Madeira Islands Open will only be played over 54 holes after the first round was delayed . European Tour meteorologist Guy Nestor (left) measures wind speeds of around 47mph . The tournament in Madeira, Spain has bee affected by weather problems in the past . Tournament director Jose Maria Zamora said: 'Despite the efforts we've made - we didn't cut the greens for the last two days because we knew about this forecast - winds have been too strong and gusty. Every time we sent our referees to check, the balls were moving on the green. 'The players have been waiting in the players' lounge now for up to eight hours, so the best option is to send them back and start fresh tomorrow.' The wind is forecast to die down overnight, although rain and possible thunderstorms could affect play on Friday. The tournament has suffered numerous weather problems down the years and was reduced to 36 holes last year due to lengthy fog delays. Max Orrin of England hits a tee shot during the pro-am event on Wednesday before the storm arrived . Peter Lawrie of Ireland takes a swing during the pro-am event at the Santo da Serra Golf Club . | Gale force winds have delayed the start of the Madeira Islands Open . The tournament has been cut back for a second year running . The first round has bee rescheduled for Friday with tee times unchanged . |
In which movie or plot the character vedimuthu was established | London is a 2005 Indian Tamil-language comedy-drama film written by Badri and directed by Sundar C. Bhaskaran hides the money before getting arrested, and the place is known only to his lawyer Vedimuthu. Aishwarya pretends to be in love with Vedimuthu to find where the money is hidden. | Vedimuthu character was potrayed by Vadivelu and become famous for his comic potrayal of act of love with mistress Aishwarya (potrayed by mumtaz) and getting caught in the act to his wife Baby(potrayed by Nalini). |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Juan Mata finished off a sumptuous move in some style as Manchester United beat Liverpool 2-1 at Anfield on Sunday. The Spanish midfielder latched onto Angel di Maria's lofted pass, and twisted his body to volley a spectacular effort past despairing goalkeeper Simon Mignolet. We're not calling it an 'overhead kick', but his finish was sublime. So, what other scissor kicks have we seen over the years? Juan Mata fires home a spectacular effort for Manchester United against Liverpool on Sunday . The Spaniard's goal was the second of his double and secured a 2-1 victory for Louis van Gaal's side . Paolo di Canio (WEST HAM vs Wimbledon, 1999) As casual as it was genius. When Trevor Sinclair lifted the ball into the box, he would not have imagined the enigmatic Italian forward would have executed the volley to find the corner. Di Canio's scissor kick flew past Wimbledon goalkeeper Neil Sullivan, and deservedly won West Ham's player of the season award. His goal of the season gong for 1999/00 in the Premier League was no surprise, either. Paolo di Canio watches on after guiding home a wonderful scissor kick for West Ham against Wimbledon . The Italian forward's strike was named goal of the season in the 1999/00 Premier League campaign . Gus Poyet (CHELSEA vs Sunderland, 1999) Di Canio's effort wasn't the only scissor kick of that particular Premier League season. On the first day of the campaign, the Uruguayan midfielder sprinted to meet Gianfranco Zola's lofted pass and spectacularly volleyed home. His goal was one of four at Stamford Bridge against the hapless Sunderland. And that wasn't the last time Black Cats fans would lose their cool with Poyet. Guti (REAL MADRID vs Villarreal, 2001) Guti's scissor kick was one that we hadn't seen before, and haven't seen since. Standing upright, similar to Di Canio and Poyet, the Real Madrid star side foots his volley into the top corner. The Bernabeu faithful have seen several special players this century, but not many goals as unique as this (3minutes, 10 seconds). Mark Hughes (WALES vs Spain. 1985) Wales 3-0 Spain. A day that will long live in the memories of Welsh supporters, thrashing the Euro 1984 runners-up in Wrexham. And not only was it an historic day for the team, Hughes' goal in his hometown will never be forgotten. The ball spins back to the now-Stoke manager who acrobatically fires it home from shoulder-height, thundering into the top corner. Mark Hughes' spectacular strike helped Wales to a emphatic 3-0 victory against Spain in 1985 . Dennis Bergkamp (INTER MILAN vs Rapid Bucharest, 1993) Arsenal fans will have seen many special Bergkamp strikes in England over the years, but this effort in Italy may have gone under the radar. In the last 32 of the UEFA Cup, the 24-year-old Dutch striker showed incredible technique from the edge of the box to divert this wayward pass into the bottom corner. Luis Suarez (BARCELONA vs Levante 2015) The former Liverpool striker has now forged his legacy at Barcelona with the winner in El Clasico on Sunday night, but as recently as last month, Suarez was struggling to hit top form at the Nou Camp. This effort after Lionel Messi's dinked cross in a 5-0 victory helped things though, and he has scored seven goals since. Luis Suarez bends back to fire home a scissor kick during Barcelona's 5-0 victory against Levante last month . Sebastian Coates (LIVERPOOL vs QPR, 2012) Coates has endeared himself to Liverpool fans defensively, and is now struggling on loan at Sunderland. So this acrobatic attempt against QPR certainly came out of the blue. His first goal for the club, the centre half jogged up for a corner and his volley flew past Paddy Kenny in goal. However, his flaws at the back were later highlighted as the hosts at Loftus Road came back to win 3-2. Sebastian Coates netted his first goal for Liverpool against QPR in 2012 - a stunning volley past Paddy Kenny . Yann Kermogant (BOURNEMOUTH vs Ipswich, 2014) Down to the Championship now, and with runaway leaders Bournemouth. Four months ago, the Cherries took just 111 seconds to net first against Ipswich. French target man Kermogant lashed home a magnificent scissor kick, sending the Goldstands Stadium faithful wild. Peter Crouch (LIVERPOOL vs Galatasaray, 2006) The scissor kicks of all scissor kicks. Crouch's semi-overhead effort defied belief. It was his 10th goal in eight starts for club and country, as Liverpool hung on to a 3-2 victory against the Turkish side in the Champions League. Steve Finnan will take credit with the assist... Peter Crouch uses his large frame to execute a perfect scissor kick against Galatasaray in 2006 . The Liverpool striker and team-mates could barely believe it after his stunning goal at Anfield . Manuel Negrete (MEXICO vs Bulgaria, 1986) It doesn't get much better than scoring at the World Cup finals. After taking two touches to bring the ball down, Manuel Negrete fed Javier Aguirre and then met the quick return pass with a mesmeric left-foot volley which had the host nation in raptures. | Juan Mata scored two goals as Manchester United beat Liverpool 2-1 . Second strike from Mata at Anfield on Sunday was superb scissor kick . Paolo di Canio, Gus Poyet and Peter Crouch have netted similar strikes . Mark Hughes, Luis Suarez and Dennis Bergkamp also make the list . READ: Top 50 most shocking moments in Premier League history (50-41) |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Flying winger Jesus Navas says he will not adapt his game at Manchester City, insisting he is told by Manuel Pellegrini to stay wide and use his pace. Navas has prominently featured for champions but hasn't scored in the Premier League this season. That may be because the Spain international doesn't drift in-field as much as team-mates Samir Nasri and David Silva, though he says he has played this way since he was a youngster at Sevilla and he won't change. Jesus Navas says he sees no need to change his style of play at Manchester City . Navas competes for the ball with Joleon Lescott during City's 3-0 win against West Brom on Saturday . Speaking exclusively to Bleacher Report, the 29-year-old said: 'The way I play is the way I have always played. 'That is what got me here, always trying to get on the wing and play fast. That is my game, and that's what I am asked to do and what I try to do in every match, so I don't feel I have had to really adapt my game too much.' Navas also insisted that City aren't giving up on the dream of retaining their title, despite Chelsea leading the Manchester club by six points with a game in hand. He added: 'I think there are many games left. Until it is impossible to come back, we will look to close the gap, but we realise it is going to be difficult, but there is a chance. 'If I could change anything or bring anything, it would be the sun and weather from Seville.' The winger looks dejected as he walks off the Nou Camp pitch a Champions League defeat . Navas insists City can retain the Premier League title despite City's six-point advantage this season . | Jesus Navas hasn't scored in the Premier League so far this season . Spanish winger says he is told by manager to stay wide and use pace . Navas insists City can retain title despite Chelsea's six-point advantage . |
Extract the names of the islands located on the Central Group of the Azores plateau from the text. Separate them with a comma. | These islands can be divided into three recognizable groups located on the Azores Plateau:
The Eastern Group (Grupo Oriental) of São Miguel, Santa Maria and Formigas Islets
The Central Group (Grupo Central) of Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial
The Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of Flores and Corvo. | Terceira, Graciosa, São Jorge, Pico and Faial |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | ISIS has executed another nine men for allegedly being spies in an unknown location in the Middle East. Each man is forced to give interview before their murder in which they admit to spying on the terror group's location, movement and armament. All nine of them - blindfolded with hands bound behind their backs - are then escorted outside by masked terrorists who eventually instruct them to kneel and place handguns to their heads. They pull the triggers without hesitation, sending their victims jerking forward until their limp bodies hit the dusty ground. The masked ISIS commander who introduces the latest senseless propaganda video says the men 'were sentenced to death for betraying the religion of Allah'. Scroll down for videos . Senseless: ISIS has released footage of nine men being executed for allegedly spying on the terrorists . Murder: The blindfolded and shackled men were led onto a bridge in an unknown location in the Middle East before being shot by masked extremists . Forced confessions? Before their deaths, each man claims responsibility for spying on ISIS, although it is unknown whether they are speaking under duress . Doomed: The men are eventually escorted out of the building - clad with Islamic State insignia - to their deaths . Graphic footage ultimately shows the deceased captives resting perfectly still in a shallow pool of blood. But the scenes in which the senseless murders take place come six minutes and 30 seconds after the start of the seven minute video. It begins with a bizarre setup of a masked ISIS commander sitting in a corporate office, flanked by two other soldiers. He say that Islamic State succeeded in arresting an entire 'cell' of spies who were tasked with monitoring their locations back to their commanding officer. The unnamed militant then claims three of the men who squealed on the others, adding: 'We took the investigation to a judge and after collecting evidence, they were sentenced to death for betraying the religion of Allah.' Each of the nine kidnapped men are then forced to give interviews before their impending doom - presumably under duress - in which they confess to being spies. Their nationalities and professions are as yet a mystery, but some of the men look visibly terrified as they speak in trembling Arabic. This is the second video of an Islamic State execution to surface this week following the equally brutal mass murder of eight 'informers'. Mastermind: The second gruesome execution video to surface this week begins with a masked fighter who says the men were 'sentenced to death for betraying the religion of Allah' Captured: The unnamed ISIS commander also claims that three of the alleged spies squealed on their comrades . Execution: After being escorted onto what appears to be a bridge by armed fighters, the blindfolded men are instructed to kneal . Terror: The gruesome video is the second to surface this week following the footage of eight other alleged spies being killed in a similar way on Thursday . In the video which emerged on Thursday, the terror group justified the killings as vengeance for the military operations against them in Syria and Iraq. The gruesome propaganda video cut from scenes of the men being killed to footage of people who ISIS claims were killed during Coalition attacks on its locations. Cutaways include footage of dead children underneath the rubble of destroyed buildings and body bags. As with the latest video which features interviews with the doomed captives, it featured graphics which 'profiled' each of the men about to be murdered. The videos emerge amid claims that ISIS is using chlorine gas as a chemical weapon against peshmerga fighters in Iraq. Kurdish authorties made the allegation following a suicide bomb attack involving a truck on January 23. Murdered: Militants claim the eight men were informers, engaged in military operations against ISIS . Revenge: The militants have justified the killings as retaliation for air strikes against land they hold . In a statement, the Kurdistan Region Security Council said the alleged chemical attack took place on a road between Iraq's second-largest city of Mosul and the Syrian border. It was there Peshmerga forces who were trying to seize a ISIS supply line - and discovered '20 gas canisters' loaded onto the back of the truck involved. Video provided by the council showed the truck racing down a road with white smoke pouring out of it as it came under heavy fire from peshmerga fighters. It later showed a white, billowing cloud after the truck exploded and the remnants of it scattered across a road. | WARNING GRAPHIC CONTENT . The captives who are believed to be spies shot dead by masked fighters . They are escorted onto a bridge in unknown location before being killed . Forced to give interviews and admit to spying - presumably under duress . 'Sentenced to death for betraying the religion of Allah,' one militant says . Another video showing ISIS shooting captives emerged earlier this week . The footage from Thursday showed eight informers killed in similar way . |
Given this reference text, how was the cheeseburger invented? | By the late 19th century, the vast grasslands of the Great Plains had been opened up for cattle ranching. This made it possible for many Americans to consume beef almost daily. The hamburger remains as one of the cheapest sources of beef in America.
Adding cheese to hamburgers became popular in 1920. There are several competing claims as to who created the first cheeseburger. Lionel Sternberger is reputed to have introduced the cheeseburger in 1924 at the age of 16. He was working as a fry cook at his father's Pasadena, California sandwich shop, "The Rite Spot", and "experimentally dropped a slab of American cheese on a sizzling hamburger." An early example of the cheeseburger appearing on a menu is a 1928 menu for the Los Angeles restaurant O'Dell's which listed a cheeseburger smothered with chili for 25 cents.
Other restaurants also claim to have invented the cheeseburger. For example, Kaelin's Restaurant in Louisville, Kentucky, said it invented the cheeseburger in 1934. One year later, a trademark for the name "cheeseburger" was awarded to Louis Ballast of the Humpty Dumpty Drive-In in Denver, Colorado. According to Steak 'n Shake archives, the restaurant's founder, Gus Belt, applied for a trademark on the word in the 1930s.
An A&W Restaurants franchise in Lansing, Michigan is credited with inventing the bacon cheeseburger in 1963, putting it on the menu after repeated requests from the same customer.
The steamed cheeseburger, a variation almost exclusively served in central Connecticut, is believed to have been invented at a restaurant called Jack's Lunch in Middletown, Connecticut, in the 1930s.
The largest cheeseburger ever made weighed 2,014 pounds (914 kg). It is said to have included "60 pounds (27 kg) of bacon, 50 pounds (23 kg) of lettuce, 50 pounds (23 kg) of sliced onions, 40 pounds (18 kg) of pickles, and 40 pounds (18 kg) of cheese." This record was set in 2012 by Minnesota's Black Bear Casino, smashing the previous record of 881 pounds (400 kg).
In the United States, National Cheeseburger Day is celebrated annually on September 18. | The cheeseburger was invented after the late 19th century after the vast grasslands of the Great Plains opened up for cattle ranching. Once this happened Americans consumed meat daily of which ground beef/hamburger meat was the most affordable. In 1920, adding cheese to the hamburger meat popular. It is said that Lionel Sternberger invented the cheeseburger in 1924 while working at his father's sandwich shop. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | She's a pistol! Jennifer Ullery, 40, has been arrested and charged with firing a rifle at a TV in front of her three children . A suburban Chicago woman was arrested after police say she grabbed a rifle and shot at her flat-screen television because she was mad her children were watching too much TV. Jennifer Ullery, a mother of three from Algonquin, pleaded not guilty Monday to charges of aggravated reckless discharge of a firearm, possession of a firearm without a firearm owner ID card and three counts of child endangerment in connection to the incident that took place back in January. Police learned of the shooting about a month later and responded to the Ullery family's home on Talaga Drive February 9 to investigate. Inside, responding officers said they found a 50-inch Panasonic TV with its screen shattered. Police also recovered a Ruger .22-caliber rifle, which they believe Ullery used to fire at the device, reported Northwest Herald. When interviewed by police, the 40-year-old mother admitted she was upset with her three children - ages 6, 11 and 15 - for indulging in TV-watching. She said she also did not like the program that was on January 20 - a music video by the rock band Primus. Algonquin Deputy Police Chief Andrew Doles said Ullery fired multiple shots at the TV screen as her children were sitting on the couch. Evidence: Police responded to the Ullery family's home in Algonquin, Illinois, where they found a 50-inch Panasonic flat-screen TV with its screen shattered . Jenny, get your gun! Police say Ullery grabbed a Ruger .22-caliber rifle (similar to the one pictured in file photo) and squeezed off several rounds . Following her arrest, the children were placed in the custody of a relative. Ullery was released from jail after posting $1,500 bail. She is due back in court April 20. Algonquin police said they were familiar with the Ullery family from past encounters involving domestic violence claims and custody disputes. Officers were called to the family's home twice in January, and in March 2014 the woman’s estranged husband, 31-year-old Daniel Ullery, was arrested on domestic battery charges. Acquired taste: Ullery told police she didn't like it that her kids, ages 6, 11, and 15, were watching a music video by the rock band Primus (pictured) | Jennifer Ullery, 40, charged with aggravated reckless discharge of a firearm, possession of a firearm without ID card and child endangerment . Ullery allegedly shot 50-inch Panasonic flat-screen with .22-caliber rifle in January because her kids, ages 6, 11 and 15, were watching too much TV . Mother of three told police she also didn't like that her children were watching a music video by the rock band Primus . |
List the types of chess pieces | Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no use of dice or cards. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. Checkmating the opponent's king involves putting the king under immediate attack (in "check") whereby there is no way for it to escape. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw. | Pawn, knight, bishop, rook, queen and king |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Italian star Valentino Rossi pipped Andrea Dovizioso to win the opening race of the 2015 MotoGP season in Qatar. Rossi, a seven-time world champion in MotoGP, had started on the third row on his Yamaha but worked his way up the grid and claimed victory by just 0.174 seconds ahead of compatriot Dovizioso. Dovizioso's Ducati team-mate Andrea Iannone claimed third, 2.250secs adrift of the winner to make it an all-Italian podium. Valentino Rossi celebrates after winning the curtain raiser MotoGP event in Qatar . The seven-time champion takes the chequered flag just 0.174 ahead of his closest rival . Rossi's team-mate Jorge Lorenzo finished fourth, while reigning two-time champion Marc Marquz rounded out the top five after recovering from a poor start. The 22-year-old Spaniard ran wide on the opening lap and slumped to the back of the pack, but he fought his way back into contention to ensure his season did not get off to a disastrous start. Rossi pipped Andrea Dovizios (left) into second place with Andrea Iannone finishing third . It was later reported Marquez had set the fastest ever recorded speed in MotoGP on his charge up the grid, at one point reaching 217.66mph. His Repsol Honda team-mate Dani Pedrosa was sixth, while British pair Cal Crutchlow and Bradley Smith finished seventh and eighth respectively. | Valentino Rossi won the season's opening MotoGP race in Qatar . Seven-time champion pipped Andrea Dovizioso to win by just 0.174secs . Reigning two-time champion Marc Marquz came back to finish in top five . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The heat is on and there are contrasting statements from some of the Premier League’s most prominent managers. Manuel Pellegrini loftily announces that he has no need to win trophies to keep his job at Manchester City. Brendan Rodgers openly admits that unless he had put Liverpool back in the running for honours he would have been sacked. Louis van Gaal urgently instructs his Manchester United players to minimise passes back to their goalkeeper in an attempt to pacify fans who are demanding a return to the attacking style of Sir Alex Ferguson. Manuel Pellegrini claims he does not need to win trophies to hold on to the Manchester City reins . Louis van Gaal has told his players not to pass back to keeper David de Gea to improve United's tempo . Roberto Martinez airily falls back on the support of his chairman Bill Kenwright as Everton drift, as if rudderless, towards the rapids of the drop zone. Get real, Senors Pellegrini and Martinez. Right on, Mister Rodgers and Meneer Van Gaal. Complacency has never been a recipe for security in the football management game and you begin to fear for Pellegrini and Martinez as the season heads towards the home straight. Pellegrini’s calm intelligence and fine football principles have won our admiration but he is kidding himself if he truly believes it when he says: ‘I’m not under any pressure to win titles. It’s about playing with style. We won’t change. It’s not about my relationship with the owners. They are not so desperate to win.’ Oh, really? Good luck with that one if after they spend so much money you come up short of Chelsea in your defence of the Premier League title and Barca finish you off in the Champions League. And it didn’t look that good against gallant Leicester on Wednesday night. Martinez comes across as honest – albeit painfully so at times – as well as a smooth media operator but he may be taking a little too much for granted when he says: ‘I was always aware of the support I would get from the chairman.’ Roberto Martinez has suffered second season syndrome at Everton with the Toffees perilously perched . Brendan Rodgers was candid about his chances of survival before Liverpool's remarkable turnaround . Beware the good old vote of confidence, Roberto, and let’s hope you don’t come to re-evaluate something else you’ve just said about Mr Kenwright: ‘Bill is a mad Evertonian.’ Fanatical fans are not usually very forgiving of only one win in a run of a dozen games including that tepid defeat at Stoke. Rodgers and Van Gaal, meanwhile, are sensibly watching their backs. Not long ago I had occasion to chide Rodgers in this column for doing too much talking about himself but seemingly not enough work on a Liverpool team sliding into crisis. Since then he has seen the warning signs and cleverly switched to a positive 3-4-3 formation which has turned them into the form team of the Premier League and he freely declares now: ‘I’ve learned that if the team is not functioning it doesn’t matter how much support you have in the boardroom. You have to win.’ So it’s well done to him. Since losing to United on December 14, Liverpool have won nine and drawn three in the Premier League . Van Gaal is proving himself shrewd enough to know that sometimes not even a run of only two defeats in 21 matches is enough at a club as huge as United. The Old Trafford faithful are chanting ‘attack, attack, attack’ while his raft of expensive imports – including £60million record signing Angel di Maria – are struggling to comes to terms with the quick-fire culture of the game in England. And the manager hears them: ‘I agree with the fans that we don’t have to use the goalkeeper so much. That there are times when we could play at a higher tempo.’ United are approaching a potentially season-defining sequence of matches against Spurs, Liverpool, City and Chelsea in the League and Arsenal in the FA Cup quarter-finals and he promises: ‘We can improve.’ So it’s well done to him, too. This quartet are not the only managers sweating in the boiler room of big-time football. Heaven knows, for example, what poor old Gus Poyet was burbling on about in his bottle-kicking rant during Sunderland’s fractious draw at Hull this midweek. Or whether his sanity will hold up under the pressure of fighting to stave off relegation without his star England winger Adam Johnson following his arrest on suspicion of having sex with an underage girl. Angel di Maria trudges off to be substituted after another disappointing outing against Newcastle . Hull boss Steve Bruce and Sunderland's Gus Poyet played down their spat and have since shaken hands . The trapdoor is beginning to creak under some auspicious names. Don’t feel too sorry for them if it swings open. Unlike the great managers of yore – even Sir Alex was financially strapped in his early years astride the hot seat – these celebrities are paid millions to cope with the pressures. Like several of their more immediate predecessors, they would not necessarily be obliged to find another job after the pay-off. It’s mostly the pride that’s in danger of being hurt. There is one lesson above all others which England’s rugby goliaths need to heed from that Six Nations defeat in Ireland. Brawn alone will not be enough to win the World Cup this autumn, even on home turf. Stuart Lancaster’s pack is a monster, right enough, but you cannot simply shove, bore and batter your way to glory against the best teams on the planet in the Test matches which matter above all others. England will need more than a game based around brute force if they are to succeed in the World Cup . Ireland gave Chris Robshaw his men a lesson and the Red Rose will need to regroup - and add guile . You have to play some football, at least, when it comes to Ireland, probably France, even more so New Zealand. Sir Clive Woodward had Martin Johnson the Enforcer but he also got the sparkling best out of Jonny Wilkinson, whose phenomenal kicking blinded many to his creative talents. Lancaster has Chris Robshaw the Mighty. He also has at his disposal the mercurial genius of Danny Cipriani, who he leaves parked on the bench. There is no reward without risk. There was an awed reaction to my reminiscence earlier this week of how Tottenham’s late, great Dave Mackay refused to believe he had broken his left leg for a second time until he stamped his foot and the jagged white bone stuck out through his sock…then spurned the stretcher and insisted on walking off. So don’t be too surprised if this much loved and revered iron Scot arrives at the funeral on his own two feet. The late, great Dave Mackay is crowned by Spurs team-mate Jimmy Robertson after winning the 1967 FA Cup . | Pellegrini announced that he does not need to win trophies to keep his job . Martinez continually announces that he has the support of Bill Kenwright . Rodgers was realistic enough to know that results needed to improve . Van Gaal is trying to improve United's tempo by minimising backpasses . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | While the world is divided over whether 'that dress' is blue and black, or white and gold, Nasa has been involved in a colour controversy of its own. This time the debate involves Mars – the so-called 'red planet' – which conspiracy theorists believe is in fact more blue and green. They argue the space agency has manipulated the colour of images from Mars to appear red, orange and pink, in what they claim is an attempt to mask life on the planet. Scroll down for video . The debate has raged since the 1970s when Nasa's Viking 1 lander became the first spacecraft to touch down on the red planet/ Its initial images revealed what appeared to be a blue sky (right), but in reality Nasa says the planet has a red/orange sky. On the left is a processed image of what Nasa believes Mars to look like . The sky on Earth is blue because of a phenomenon known as 'Rayleigh scattering', in which blue particles of light are scattered around by the atmosphere. On Mars, the reverse effect takes place. The dust in the atmosphere scatters the red particles of light, makes the sky appear red. Nasa claims the sky appeared blue because Viking's filtered images still had to be calibrated with the right colour balance. The debate has raged since the 1970s when Nasa's Viking 1 lander became the first spacecraft to touch down on the red planet, according to a report by Alan Boyle in NBC News. Its initial images revealed what appeared to be a blue sky, similar to that seen on Earth, raising hopes that there may be Martian life. Viking team member Carl Sagan announced at a press conference soon after: 'Despite the impression on these images, the sky is not blue...The sky is in fact pink.' The sky on Earth is blue because of a phenomenon known as 'Rayleigh scattering', in which blue particles of light are scattered around by the atmosphere. On Mars, the reverse effect takes place. The dust in the atmosphere scatters the red particles of light, makes the sky also appear red. Nasa claims the sky appeared blue in the first Martian images because Viking's filtered photographs still had to be calibrated with the right colour balance. Nasa sometimes uses different filters to depict Mars. The left image shows Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope in July, 2001. Centre is Mars as seens by the Hubble Space Telescope in March, 1997. On the right is the red planet as seen by the Mars Global Surveyor in February, 2006 . The left version is the raw, unprocessed view as it is received directly from Mars. The centre is a guess of the 'natural' colour that humans would see if they visited Mars. The right version shows the result of white-balancing, which interprets the scene as if it were viewed under Earthlike lighting conditions . But not everyone is convinced. Ron Levin, a researcher at Lockheed Martin stated in areport: 'An excess of red is found on all of the Martian blue and green panels. 'Such extreme illuminations are shown to be incompatible with the grey panels. 'It appears that the true raw image data have been modified prior to publication to convert the blue and green pixels to grey, rendering a grossly changed image.' Conspiracy theorists have made wilder claims, with one writing: 'The images were falsely reddened to make it appear there was no life, no green algae or lichen on the plane.' Today both the Opportunity and Curiosity rover have patches of colour attached to their instruments that are used in to adjust the reflected colour to a true likeness. Is this what Mars really looks like? A mosaic from Nasa's Curiosity rover shows Mount Sharp in raw colour. Nasa says raw colour is similar to the way the scene would look 'in a typical smart-phone camera photo' Pictured is the same scene after it has been given a white-balanced colour adjustment that turns the sky blue. Nasa sometimes does this to simulate Earth-like lighting, making it easier to analyse the geology . As a result, pictures of Mars are usually altered to provide a red and pink tinge caused by the iron-heavy dust that fills the atmosphere. But even Nasa admits this isn't an exact science. Colour balance is a highly subjective and no two spacecraft use the same exact filters. As well as this, people often perceive colours differently – as shown by the famous black and blue dress. To clear up the debate, Nasa usually releases a number of different types of Mars imagery, which include the raw file, unprocessed colour pictures and true-colour versions. To add to the confusion, the Curiosity rover recently found that the interior of Mars' rock 'Telegraph Peak' is in fact blue/grey. To add to the confusion, the Curiosity rover recently found that the interior of Mars' rock 'Telegraph Peak' is in fact blue/grey . Colour balance is a highly subjective and no two spacecraft use the same exact filters.As well as this, people often perceive colours differently – as shown by the famous black and blue dress . | In 1976 Nasa's Viking 1 sent back an image of Mars with blue skies . Nasa claimed image had yet to be calibrated with right colour balance . Some conspiracy theorists have questioned Nasa's calibration methods . Nasa admits it isn't an exact science and often uses different versions . |
Based on this passage, what is the median number of people per family in Zangisheh? | Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh) is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families. | This passage does not give enough information to conclude what the median number of people per family in Zangisheh is as it only mentions the total population and number of families. We could calculate the arithmetic mean of the number of people per family from this information by dividing the total number of people by the number of families, but the information in the passage is not sufficient to determine the median number of people per family. |
Who were the children of Bill 101 | The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101).
One of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada. If a child qualifies for a certificate of eligibility for instruction in English under one of those criteria, then the certificate is permanent and can be passed on to future generations even if the child ends up attending French instead of English school. The permanent certificate can only be granted if one of the child's parents is a Canadian citizen. In addition, children of foreign temporary residents living in Quebec on study or work permits, as well as children of diplomats, can also obtain a temporary certificate of eligibility that is only valid for the duration of their permit. | The children of Bill 101 (les enfants de la loi 101) is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the 1977 Charter of the French Language (Bill 101).
One of the Charter's articles stipulates that all children under 16 must receive their primary and secondary education in French schools, unless one of the child's parents has received most of their education in English, in Canada, or the child or the child's sibling has already received a substantial part of their education in English, in Canada. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roy Keane has been summonsed to court after he was accused of a road rage rant with a taxi driver at a set of traffic lights. The former Manchester United star has been ordered to attend Trafford Magistrates Court later this month for a Section 4A Public Order offence. Ex-Sunderland and Ipswich Town manager Keane, currently Republic of Ireland coach, was said to have launched into a foul-mouthed tirade and made obscene gestures after jumping out his Range Rover in Altrincham, Greater Manchester. Roy Keane, seen here at his book launch in Dublin last year, has been summonsed to appear at Trafford Magistrates Court following accusations of a road rage rant at a taxi driver in Altrincham, Manchester . Roy Keane was questioned under police caution following the alleged bust-up with taxi driver . Fateh Kerar, 44, claims the row last month was sparked when he and his female passenger spotted the TV pundit at a cash machine in nearby Hale. He says he said 'hello' to the 43-year-old and asked him to 'smile' before Keane got into his car and began following his taxi. It is then alleged that when the cars stopped at traffic lights an 'angry' Keane, who lives in Bowdon, Cheshire, got out and started acting 'very aggressive'. Police launched an investigation into the incident at 11.30am on January 30 and Keane, previously a coach at Aston Villa, was interviewed under caution by officers at a police station earlier this month. Keane coaches with the Republic of Ireland and is pictured ahead of a Euro 2016 qualifier in Germany . Keane worked alongside Paul Lambert at Aston Villa during the first part of the season . They have now decided to bring him to court. A spokesman for Greater Manchester Police said: 'A summons was posted on 2 March 2015 for Roy Keane to his home address in Hale to appear before Trafford Magistrates court on 31 March 2015 for a Section 4A Public Order offence. 'This is in relation to an incident on Friday 30 January 2015 when police were called to Ashley Road, Altrincham to a report that a man had behaved aggressively towards another man.' | Keane summonsed to court accused of road rage incident with taxi driver . Former Man United player to attend Trafford Magistrates Court this month . Republic of Ireland coach accused of launching foul-mouth tirade . Incident occurred in Altrincham, Greater Manchester last month . |
What is the main difference between a nuclear bomb and a nuclear power generator? | Nuclear fission is a kind of nuclear reaction. It is when an atom splits apart into smaller atoms. Some fission reactions give off a lot of energy, and are used in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors. Nuclear fission was discovered in December 1938 by the German nuclear chemist Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann in Berlin.
An atom is the smallest particle which makes up a chemical element (e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium). All atoms are very small. Atoms are made of three components or particles: Protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons are clumped together in a ball called a nucleus, at the center of every atom. The electrons orbit around the nucleus in its 'electron cloud'. Elements which have large nuclei, such as uranium and plutonium, can be made to fission.
If a (relatively) very large atomic nucleus is hit by a slow-moving neutron, it will sometimes become unstable and break into two nuclei. When the nucleus breaks apart (or fissions) it releases energy, mostly as gamma rays and heat. It also causes some neutrons to be released from the nucleus.
For a few isotopes (an atom with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons) such fission can release many neutrons. If those neutrons then hit other atoms, they will make the other atoms split. This can happen again and again. This is called a nuclear chain-reaction, and it can release huge amounts of energy.
In a nuclear bomb, this must happen very quickly to make a very big explosion. The amount of energy released in the explosion is measured in kilotons. One kiloton is the same as the energy of one thousand tons of TNT (trinitrotoluene).
In a nuclear reactor this must happen slowly to make heat. The heat is used to boil water into steam, which turns a steam turbine to generate electricity. | The nuclear chain reaction that creates the explosion of a nuclear bomb as well as the power generation in a nuclear reactor differ in the speed of the reaction. In a bomb, it happens very quickly and causes a big explosion. In the reactor, it is slowed down so the power can be contained and used to fuel a steam turbine. |
How many people live in the city of Oakland in 2022? | Oakland population in 2022 is estimated to be 439,483 | About 450,000 people live in Oakland, Ca during the last census |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former England captain Michael Vaughan has challenged Kevin Pietersen to prove he wants to play for England by turning his back on the Indian Premier League and playing county cricket. Pietersen was axed from the England set-up in February last year in the aftermath of the 5-0 Ashes series defeat to Australia, but was given hope of a possible return by incoming chairman of the England and Wales Cricket Board, Colin Graves. Graves said in a recent BBC Radio 5 Sportsweek interview that Pietersen, who left Surrey last autumn, has to play county cricket if he harbours any hopes of an England return and Vaughan agrees with this viewpoint. There have been calls for Kevin Pietersen to return to the England fold following World Cup struggles . Former England captain Michael Vaughan has challenged Pietersen to prove his loyalty by playing county cricket next summer instead of chasing the big dollars in T20 tournaments . 'You say it for a while you want to play for England - prove it!' he told BBC Radio 5 Live. 'Give up your IPL deal, go and play for, say, Surrey - freezing cold away at Derby.' Vaughan added: 'If Kevin is going to do exactly what he's been saying and he's desperate to play (for England), he will play county cricket and I will pretty much guarantee that he will score plenty of runs doing it.' Pietersen was in optimistic mood on Monday that an unlikely reconciliation may be achieved, tweeting: 'Incredibly humbling how supportive you've all been since the news broke yesterday from Mr Colin Graves. Gonna try work this out for sure!' Indications since Graves' interview appear to have been broadly less encouraging for the exiled 34-year-old batsman, however, who was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad for the upcoming IPL season in February. Pietersen hits out for his county Surrey during a NatWest T20 Blast match with Middlesex last summer . Pietersen has recently been playing for the Melbourne Stars in the Australian Big Bash league . Incoming chairman of the ECB, Colin Graves, also called on Pietersen to prove his form in county cricket . The ECB issued a statement on Sunday evening, insisting 'nothing has changed' in his status and adding 'only players who are playing consistent high-quality county cricket and who are seen as a positive influence will be selected for England'. Surrey de-registered Pietersen at the end of last season, and are not publicly inclined to reopen negotiations. Chairman Richard Thompson said: 'Our understanding at the end of last summer was that Pietersen had no intention of playing red-ball cricket. 'If not, he will not play for Surrey.' Vaughan and Pietersen together at an England training session at Lord's back in 2008 . Pietersen pats Vaughan on the back during England's Test match with India at the Oval in August 2007 . There was little engagement in the topic from Pietersen's former team-mate Joe Root who - along with his current colleagues - has more pressing issues to confront in Australia and New Zealand as England try to stay in the World Cup after three defeats in four matches so far. Root told the BBC: 'We're in the middle of the World Cup, and stuff like that is completely irrelevant to us.' | Michael Vaughan said Kevin Pietersen must prove he wants England return . He's urged KP to quit the Indian Premier League and play county games . ECB chairman Colin Graves made same remarks at the weekend . Pietersen was axed following England's disastrous Ashes last winter . |
How old is Tamil language? | Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India. A. K. Ramanujan described it as "the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past". The variety and quality of classical Tamil literature has led to it being described as "one of the great classical traditions and literatures of the world". Recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is dated from c. 300 BC until AD 300. It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and 'hero stones' date from around the 3rd century BC. About 60,000 of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. The two earliest manuscripts from India, acknowledged and registered by the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 1997 and 2005, were written in Tamil. | Tamil language is one of the oldest and longest surviving classical language and is existing from 300 BC. Tamil as a literature has been documented for over 2000 years. Earliest epigraphic records found on rocks date back to 3rd century BC. It is also the official language of Singapore and Sri lanka apart from Tamil Nadu state in India. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A mother has claimed her toddler discovered a nine-inch meat cleaver stuffed into the side of a bed in the family's hotel room. Pregnant Donna Lever, her boyfriend David Johnson and their four children, aged between seven months and seven, were sent to stay at the Hill View Hotel in Blackburn, Lancashire, after a fire devastated their home. But when the family went to move a single bed in the hotel room, they say their two-year-old son Charles found the blade and a number of tin cans had been pushed inside a rip in the side of the piece of furniture. Donna Lever and David Johnson, pictured with children Eva, seven months, Dominic, one, and Charles, two, say toddler Charles discovered a nine-inch meat cleaver stuffed into the side of a bed in their hotel room . The family say they reported their find to a member of hotel staff, and to Rossendale Council, which had placed them in the hotel. But the hotel manager, EJ Hussain, refutes the claims - and has accused the family of damaging a bed, which they deny. Miss Lever, 38, and her family were moved into the temporary accommodation after the fire, thought to have been sparked by a faulty tumble dryer, tore through their housing association property in Bacup. The family said they had been out when the fire started on Wednesday last week, and because their home was so badly damaged they were told by Rossendale Council that they must go into temporary accommodation at the hotel. The family say Charles discovered this meat cleaver inside a rip in the side of the bed when the family attempted to move the piece of furniture . Miss Lever and Mr Johnson, 32, who are both jobless, and the children - Mylo, seven, Charles, two, Dominic, one, and Eva, seven months - had been due to stay at the hotel for two nights, but say they left after just one having discovered the cleaver, and returned home. 'I couldn’t believe it,' said Miss Lever, who is 18 weeks pregnant. 'From the outside, the hotel looked presentable but the accommodation clearly hadn’t been cleaned before we arrived. 'There was a rip to the bed and a load of tin cans stuffed inside. It was bad but I never expected to find a meat cleaver. It’s a weapon. 'We were moving a single bed against a wall so the kids, who were topping and tailing, wouldn’t fall out in their sleep, and they spotted it. 'I was disgusted. We were meant to stay for two nights but we told them the next morning we were leaving. On the way out, I told a lady working there about the the cleaver. 'Now we’re back in the smoke-damaged house, despite the fact the fire service told us it wasn’t safe for me to be there while I’m pregnant. EJ Hussain, manager of the Hill View Hotel in Blackburn (pictured), refutes the claims - and has accused the family of damaging a bed, which they deny . Mr Johnson, who took a photograph of the cleaver on his mobile phone, said he believes it was left by a previous guest. Speaking of the moment his son found the knife he said: 'He had his hand underneath the bed and he pulled something shiny out. 'I picked it up and realised it was a massive meat cleaver. 'I was absolutely horrified. If I hadn't have seen him with it he could have done himself some serious harm.' The couple and their children are now sleeping on the kitchen and living room floors of their damaged house. Rossendale Council has confirmed it had received the complaint following the family’s stay. But Mr Hussain says the room had been 'inspected thoroughly' before the family arrived and no concerns were reported to him during their time at the hotel. He later contacted the police to claim a bed had been damaged by the family, and has also accused them of littering the room with cans - which, like the criminal damage allegation, they strongly deny. 'We're a family, we don't go into a hotel and drink beer in front of our kids,' said Mr Johnson. 'I like a beer but not in front of my children. We can't even afford to drink now that our house has been damaged. Miss Lever, 38, and her family were moved into the temporary accommodation after the fire, thought to have been sparked by a faulty tumble dryer, tore through their rented house in Bacup . 'I find it insulting as all I'm trying to do is put a roof over my kids' heads.' Mr Hussain also refutes the family's claim that the room was untidy and said the cleaver was not spotted during his staff’s prior checks. 'I have had a word with my cleaners and they say no one complained that day,' Mr Hussain said. 'I find it quite upsetting and alarming that they would make these claims. 'I have helped out vulnerable people for Rossendale Council many times. I am shocked that they would complain. I spent £90,000 on a refurbishment recently. I do not know anything about a cleaver or knife. It was not there when my staff looked.' Lancashire police said it received a report of criminal damage at the hotel on Friday afternoon, and that officers had arranged to visit the premises. A Rossendale Council spokesman said: 'The council’s supported accommodation providers were full on the day that the emergency occurred and our Housing Options Team were looking for accommodation for this family. 'Rossendale Council has been using this particular accommodation provider for over six years now and has never previously had a formal complaint about its condition or standards. 'The council was only made aware of the meat cleaver find once the family had left the accommodation, after one night and returned to their home. Our Housing Options Team are looking into this matter as the safety and comfort of tenants who are unfortunate to have to be placed in emergency accommodation are of paramount importance.' Registered social landlord, Green Vale Homes, said contractors were working to repair damage to floors, ceilings and walls to the couple’s home. | Donna Lever and her family sent to hotel after fire at their Blackburn home . They say as they moved a bed, son Charles, two found cleaver and cans . Family left hotel and returned to smoke-damaged house after finding blade . But hotel manager says room had been inspected before family arrived . He has also accused them of damaging a bed at his Hill View Hotel . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dundee United star Paul Paton has launched an astonishing attack on Celtic as he accused the Parkhead club of having a long history of ‘manipulating’ people and situations for their own benefit. The frustrated Tannadice star claimed there have been ‘continual injustices’ across the three games between United and Celtic this month that have yielded six red cards - four for Jackie McNamara’s team. In the wake of the stormy 1-1 Scottish Cup draw at Tannadice, Celtic manager Ronny Deila and his captain Scott Brown both accused United kid Aidan Connolly of ‘diving’ to win his side a penalty. Paul Paton (right) believes Celtic 'manipulate people' and have been doing so for the past few years . Despite Deila calling on the SFA to take action, none was forthcoming but United were subsequently denied a penalty when Brown barged Ryan Dow in the League Cup Final, won 2-0 by Celtic at Hampden last Sunday. And after the 4-0 Scottish Cup replay win at Parkhead on Wednesday, Deila accused Ryan McGowan of endangering the career of Liam Henderson with a wild lunge. But the United camp felt the reaction of Celtic’s players may have influenced Calum Murray’s decision to send the Australian off. The Dundee United star and Ronny Deila have previous when they clashed at Tannadice in the quarter-final . And ahead of the fourth and final match between United and Celtic at Parkhead in the Premiership on Saturday, Paton appeared to accuse Celtic of heaping pressure on match officials. ‘Ronny Deila has an opinion on everything but I don’t really read too much into what he has to say or who he puts pressure on,’ said Paton. ‘But I think Celtic as a club can manipulate people more than Dundee United can. That kind of thing has been happening for years. The tough tackling midfielder goes up for a header with Celtic star Nir Biton in the cup final on Sunday . ‘We have seen injustices in the last few games we have played and that causes frustration. It feels that we do not get any decisions and that it is continual. ‘I saw things differently (to Deila). I don’t think Ryan McGowan deserved to get sent off as he clearly won the ball. I don’t know if I am being biased but it is a hard tackle but he clearly won the ball. ‘I don’t think there was much in it (but) they have made a lot of it. It looked like a good tackle to me but that is only my opinion.’ Ryan McGowan (right) was sent off for a tackle on Conor Henderson and angered Celtic's players . Paton’s sense of injustice was also stoked by the failure of referee Murray to hand a second yellow to Efe Ambrose for a foul on Nadir Ciftci at 1-0. He continued: ‘I thought he was lucky to stay on the park but we have seen it in the last few meetings that we don’t seem to get things like that going for us against Celtic. ‘How he stayed on the park I will never know. It was a clear yellow card. But when you come to places like (Parkhead) you never seem to get these decisions. ‘I don’t know if it is just coincidence but you saw last weekend in the League Cup Final we should have had a clear penalty. Paton believes Efe Ambrose (centre) should also have been sent off for a second bookable offence . ‘Then Efe Ambrose should have got sent off when we were on top in the game and it did not happen. Small things like that change games.’ Paton also defended himself after Celtic’s Anthony Stokes yesterday accused the United midfielder of catching him with a ‘sly elbow’. Stokes was sent off for retaliation but later said on Twitter: ‘I get a sly elbow in the face by someone that has nothing about them and get sent off, typical!’ But Paton pleaded his innocence, saying: ‘I have ran across him and I don’t know if he thinks I have meant to hit him but he has lashed out and caught me on the side of the face. ‘I stepped across him and I don’t know if I have caught him with my leg or my arm. I honestly don’t know but it was certainly not intentional. ‘But there’s no edge between the two teams. It’s been taken out of context as there were not really any bad challenges in the game. We come back to Parkhead on Saturday in the league with a clean slate.’ | Paul Pato launched scathing attack on Celtic after their cup final defeat . The Dundee United midfielder claims the Glasgow club 'manipulate' Paton disagreed with a lot of the refereeing decisions on Sunday and believes Efe Ambrose should have received a second yellow card . Click here for all the latest Celtic news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A new parody video takes aim at the wage inequality between genders by introducing a fictional Amazon Prime service that caters to the average woman, who earns just 78 cents for every dollar a man in the same job makes. Comedian and filmmaker Paul Gale created the satirical ad for 'Amazon Prime for Women', which is marketed as the online retailer's attempt to make itself more appealing to its female members, who make less money than their male counterparts. 'We realized that some customers can afford more than others, so we are introducing Amazon Prime for Women, a new service that offers 78per cent of each item for 78per cent of the price,' actress Lauren Ireland says in the YouTube clip. Scroll down for video . Not equal: In a parody ad for 'Amazon Prime Women', actress Lauren Ireland explains that the new service offers 78per cent of each item for 78per cent of the price . Special deal: The video shows that women can buy more than three quarters a box a cereal for 78per cent of the original price . She continues: 'It's perfect for the average working woman who earns 78per cent as much as a man with the exact same job.' Cartoon pictures show that women can now buy three quarters of a box of cereal, books, umbrellas and sweaters – all at a special female rate. 'It's the Prime service you love at a price you can afford when you are taking home three quarters of what a man would for being equally as productive,' she says. Miss Ireland notes that there is also a specific service for black women, who earn 64per cent to every man's dollar, and Hispanic women who make only 54per cent. And while the video appears to poke fun at the current wage gap, the facts behind the funny side of the clip are brutally correct. Women only: The fictional service, which was created by comedian Paul Gale, jokes that females deserve 78per cent satisfaction . Looks like a lady: This cartoon shows a woman utilizing 78per cent of the umbrella she purchased on Amazon Prime for Women . Women's world: This book from Amazon Prime for Women may be missing a chunk of text, but it costs 13per cent less than the full copy . According to the American Association of University Women, the typical white woman working full-time in the United States made 78per cent of men's earnings in 2013, while black women made 64per cent and Hispanic women took home a mere 54per cent. 'Regardless of the exact [wage gap] numbers, there's a systemic inequality embedded in our society, whether it's regarding gender, race, or sexual orientation,' Mr Gale told The Huffington Post. He added: 'To have a platform to point at it in my own way and say 'Hey, this! We should talk about this!' is something I'm grateful to be able to do.' Mr Gale debuted the video on YouTube just days before last Sunday's International Women's Day, which saw the Clinton Foundation's release of We're Not There Yet, a PSA featuring Amy Poehler, Cameron Diaz, Sienna Miller, Padma Lakshmi and Jenny Slate's voices as they discussed issues surrounding gender equality. The video is a part of the Not There Yet campaign, which removed women from ads on International Women's Day, to call attention to the fact we still have a long way to go before both sexes are truly equal politically, socially and economically. Racial divide: The 'ad' offered a specific service for black women, who earn 64per cent of every man's dollar . Not fair: It also highlighted that Hispanic women only make 54per cent of what men earn . | Comedian Paul Gale created the video 'ad' for Amazon Prime for Women, which stars actress Lauren Ireland as a spokeswoman for the new service . The fictional service offers 78per cent of each item for 78per cent of the price . In 2013, the typical woman working full-time in the US made 78per cent of men's earnings . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Students at a Southern California high school made a horrific discovery Monday morning when they came upon a female teacher hanging from a classroom ceiling. Captain Steve Concialdi, of the Orange County Fire Authority, says the teacher took her life sometime before 8.40am at El Dorado High School in Placentia. According to the police official, students who found the victim initially arrived to a locked classroom. After the two students were let inside by another teacher, the three found the teacher and helped cut her down from the ceiling. 911 was called at 8:40. Scroll down for video . Tragic: A 31-year-old California teacher identified by her students as Jillian Jacobson (left and right) was discovered Monday morning hanging in a classroom . Shocking find: Jacobson was found inside a classroom at El Dorado High School in Placentia, California . Responding paramedics found her lying on the classroom floor suffering from cardiac arrest, Placentia Police Lt. Eric Pointe told Orange County Register. They performed CPR but were unable to revive the teacher. She was pronounced dead at the scene. Students at El Dorado High first identified her on Twitter as Jillian Jacobson, a 31-year-old photography teacher. Authorities confirmed her identity Monday afternoon. A student witness told the LA Times about screams emanating from the classroom when the tragic discovery was made. Frank Leon, 16, said his teacher left to unlock Jacobson's classroom and he heard 'screaming, crying. It freaked the hell out of me.' He added that his teacher was screaming, 'Oh my God, oh my God!' Assistant Superintendent Kevin Lee with Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified School District says classes were dismissed for the day at 11am . He also confirmed there there was an 'emergency medical situation' involving a teacher. Crisis counselors have been made available on campus. Online records show that Jacobson was married and lived with her 34-year-old husband in Anaheim. He has been notified. Vivacious: Jacobson's heartbroken students took to Twitter to pay tribute to the popular educator . Students and co-workers remembered the teacher's upbeat smile and thanked her for inspiring them . A force for good: Jacobson's (left) father reportedly had killed himself, and she always urged teens not to resort to suicide . Students and faculty at El Dorado High School took to Twitter to pay tribute to the beloved educator who was remembered for her infectious smile and upbeat personality. Kiley Sullivan wrote: 'My heart goes out to El Dorado High School Such a horrible thing to hear. Photo was my favorite class because of her. RIP Mrs Jacobson.' Another user Chelsey tweeted: 'By far the most amazing teacher I've ever had. You will be greatly missed and forever in our hearts. RIP Jillian.' Several students told the OC Register that Jacobson's father killed himself, and she that she always urged teens not to resort to suicide. There is no word at this time on what may have prompted the popular teacher to end her life. Police say no suicide note was found at the scene but local police Lt Eric Point says, the preliminary investigation indicates it was a suicide.' | Devastated students at El Dorado High School in Placentia, California, identified the teacher as Jillian Jacobson . Jacobson, a photography teacher, was found by students hanging from a classroom ceiling Monday morning . Jacobson was married and lived with her 34-year-old husband in Anaheim . Students said Jacobson's father took his own life and she always urged teens not to resort to suicide . For confidential support on suicide matters call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline on 1-800-273-8255 or see www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org for details. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two days after struggling with her emotions on her competitive return to the BNP Paribas Open, Serena Williams was in a much more relaxed mood on Sunday as she powered her way into the fourth round. The American world No 1, who made a nervous start before battling past Romania's Monica Niculescu 7-5 7-5 in her opening match, was back to business as usual with a 6-2 6-0 demolition of Kazakhstan's Zarina Diyas. 'I was able to relax because I was able to do more of the right things and not make as many mistakes as I did in my last round,' said Williams, who boycotted the Indian Wells event for 14 years after winning the 2001 final. Serena Williams made short work of Zarina Diyas, winning 6-2, 6-0 to reach the Indian Wells fourth round . Diyas, of Kazakhstan, had little answer to the play of world No 1 Williams . 'I think with that, that helped me to be able to relax even more. It definitely felt back to normal out there. Just trying to feel the rhythm and trying to focus on the ball more than anything else.' Williams, a 19-times grand slam singles champion, had been apprehensive and 'a little nervous' after finally deciding to return to Indian Wells after such a long time away. Fourteen years ago, she was booed by the crowd as she beat Kim Clijsters in the final to win her second title at the California desert resort, where her father Richard Williams alleged he had heard racist taunts. The heckling by the crowd was in apparent response to Serena's sister Venus having withdrawn from their semi-final that year just minutes before the match, citing injury. Williams believes that, despite an impressive performance against Diyas, there is more to come . Diyas hits a forehand as she tried in vain to get a foothold in the match against Williams . Williams said she felt more relaxed and back to normal against Diyas than she did against Monica Niculescu . Williams and Diyas congratulate each other at the net after the match came to a swift end . On Friday, however, Serena received a standing ovation before the start of her match against Niculescu, an experience she described as 'amazing'. Asked what her father and sister Venus had said to her after her opening match, Serena replied: 'They just said, 'Good job.' They were both really proud. 'The standing ovation was amazing. I really felt excited by it. I think it's been a really great learning experience for everyone involved. Williams was overwhelmed by the reception she got from crowd on her return to Indian Wells after 14 years . Williams was given a standing ovation during her game against Niculescu on Friday . 'It was what it was, but I have kind of like really tried to zone into tournament mode and tournament focus. That's what I'm just trying to get ready for the rest of the event.' Against the outclassed Diyas, Williams looked every inch a world No 1, though she felt she still had some way to go before she reached her optimum tournament level. 'I feel like I can do a lot better in terms of just being mentally prepared and mentally ready,' said the 33-year-old. 'That's what I'm just going to try to do ... is just keep going.' Next up for Williams is Sloane Stephens, who beat two-time major champion Svetlana Kuznetsova 7-6 (4), 1-6, 6-4. | Serena Williams beat Kazakhstan's Zarina Diyas 6-2, 6-0 on Sunday . Williams was impressive in victory but says she 'can do a lot better' The world No 1 will play fellow American Sloane Stephens in fourth round . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Not to be outdone by Tom Brady leaping off a cliff, adrenaline junkie DeAndre Levy can add wing-walking to his nerve-jangling offseason exploits. Last year the Detroit Lions linebacker hiked in Macchu Picchu for five days, swam with sharks in South Africa and boarded down - and crashed on - an active Nicaraguan volcano. But the 28-year-old hit new heights in a biplane, leaving the cockpit to clamber along the aircraft before the pilot spins the plane 180 degrees at approximately 3,500 feet. Levy was one of the success stories of last season and contributed to the Lions' fearsome defense . Not satisifed with that, the daredevil displayed pictures on his Instagram account of him sat on top of the plane in a harness. Levy has documented his adventurous experiences on Instagram, saying: 'Not ready for the offseason yet, but last year's included riding horses in exotic locales, hiking and sleeping atop a dark cold mountain for two nights, volcanic craters, sledding down an active volcano, cockfights, and saving a woman from a rushing river,' three months ago. And the thrill-seeker can now add walking in the Troposphere to his antics. After last year's win over Atlanta, Levy and the Lions will once again travel to England ahead of their game with the Chiefs at Wembley on November 1. | Levy headed to Sequim, Washington, to undergo a wing-walking class . The daredevil took to the skies on a biplane and is shown walking along the wing before being spun around in the air . Levy also posted pictures on his Instagram account of him say on top of the plane . He led linebackers with six interceptions in 2013 and led the NFL last season with 117 solo tackles . His current deal runs out at the end of the season and signing him up will be a priority to the Lions front office . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Premier League will have to wait at least three seasons before video technology can be possibly be introduced. It is the Dutch FA (KNVB) who are leading the way in trials of a system to aid referees. However, their bid to introduce the technology in cup matches from next season was rejected by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) last month. Referees chief Mike Riley has called for the arrival of video technology into the Premier League . Given the increasing number of controversies in the Premier League, referees’ chief Mike Riley has called for its arrival in the English top-flight. But the IFAB have delayed any decision for 12 months at least, meaning the earliest we could see video assistance for referees will be the 2017/18 season. The Dutch are certainly confident their process could work. It involves a fifth official located in a video room with access to instant replays. During Eredivisie games they have been trialling how long it would take that official to make a correct judgment on key incidents only, such as red cards, penalties and fouls before goals. They have found that an average of two to three crucial decisions per game can each be resolved within five to 20 seconds, with the official having a direct audio link to the referee. Should the IFAB give the go-ahead for trials of this system – or another one – in competitive matches during the 2016/17 campaign, they would then want to see it used in a FIFA age-grade tournament before giving permission for video technology to be implemented in the Premier League and elsewhere around the world. With Goal-line technology in use, and calls for videos to help with penalties and red cards too have risen too . Meanwhile, the notion of a ‘challenge system’ for managers has been rejected for fear of it being used for tactical gain. FA chairman Greg Dyke will offer his full backing to any attempts to expand the use of video technology and will even volunteer English football to operate trials. ‘In 20 years we’ll look back and say: “Wasn’t it quaint that we didn’t use video technology?”’ said Dyke. ‘When we discussed it at IFAB, even the ones who were most against it accept it’s going to happen. ‘If we’re going to do it sometime, why don’t we do it now? We are 100 per cent behind it. I suspect we would like to do an experiment, but you’d have to get that throu . FA chairman Greg Dyke has backed any attempts to expand the use of video technology in football . | The Dutch FA who are leading the way in trials of a system to aid referees . Their bid to introduce it in cup matches from next season was rejected by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) last month . FA chairman Greg Dyke has backed expanded use of video technology . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Around 200 skeletons have been unearthed under a Paris supermarket after workmen extending the shop's basement discovered a huge pile of bones. The bodies, which were found neatly stacked five deep in eight underground chambers, are thought to be victims of an epidemic that struck France at least five centuries ago. Archaeologists from the National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP) were called in to take a look and have spent days tirelessly uncovering the bones. Around 200 skeletons have been unearthed under a small Paris supermarket after workmen extending the shop's basement discovered a huge pile of bones . They found seven chambers containing around 20 skeletons each and a further chamber that had another 150. Pascal Roy, store manager of the Monoprix supermarket, said that the shop had been built on the site of the old Trinité hospital, which functioned from as early as the 12th century. He said: 'We figured there'd be a few bones there considering it used to be the site of a cemetery, but we didn't expect to find mass graves.' But other experts have said the bodies might have been placed there when more than six-million corpses were moved to the Paris Catacombs from the city's cemeteries 200 years ago . Archaeologists are slowly and delicately uncovering the skeletons and attaching numbers to them. Above are skeletons 159, 157 and 162 . The bodies are thought to be victims of an epidemic that struck France at least five centuries ago - perhaps the plague or a famine . They were neatly stacked five deep in eight underground chambers. Seven of the chambers contained 20 skeletons and one contained more than 150 . Experts called the site 'extraordinary' and said they were astonished to find so many skeletons in one place. They said: 'The fact that the skeletons were so closely packed together in a mass grave suggests that they were the victims of an epidemic like the plague, which struck France throughout the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. 'The grave provides an excellent opportunity to learn about how death was managed and how funerary practices were carried out centuries ago.' Isabelle Abadie, an archaeologist, added that it was particularly interesting because the bodies were not thrown into the graves, suggesting that they might have been placed head to toe to save space. Pascal Roy, store manager of the Monoprix supermarket (left), said that the shop had been built on the site of the old Trinité hospital, which functioned from as early as the 12th century. Archaeologists are pictured (right) starting the work . Experts called the site 'extraordinary' and said they were astonished to find so many skeletons in one place. One archaeologist pictured above carefully bags up any smaller bits of bone . Archaeologists put pieces of medieval ceramics into small plastic bags, as well as pottery from modern times and any other finds . The archaeologists use particular tools to excavate their site including a small shovel, a variety of brushes and sometimes a garden hoe . Fragments of medieval ceramics were also found among the bones, along with pottery dating from this century. The archaeologists on site will now carry out carbon and DNA testing on the bones to find out more and will then be able to more accurately date the find. After the testing is completed the remains will be taken away and studied. The state will take charge of their final resting place. The discovery comes weeks after 15 skeletons were found in a unique Romano-British settlement in Ipplepen, Devon. The remains of two skeletons buried together in Diros Caves, Greece, were also unearthed in 2013 and were analysed to show they were 6,000 years old around two weeks ago. It is thought the bodies might have been placed there after more than six-million corpses were moved to the Paris Catacombs from the city's cemeteries 200 years ago . Experts said: 'The grave provides an excellent opportunity to learn about how death was managed and how funerary practices were carried out centuries ago' It is amazing to see the skeletons in their full form, with some of the only bones missing being the lower legs and feet . The archaeologists, who wear masks while carrying out the dusty work, will now carry out carbon and DNA testing on the bones to find out more. They will then be able to more accurately date the find . After the testing is completed the remains will be studied before the state takes charge of their final resting place . | Skeletons found under the Monoprix supermarket on Boulevard Sébastopol in Paris . Thought to be victims of an epidemic that struck France at least five centuries ago . Archaeologists were called in and will try to date the bones using carbon and DNA testing . Experts called site 'extraordinary' and said they were astonished to find so many skeletons . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kabul, Afghanistan (CNN)It is a strangely formal, yet troubling scene. A room in a far flung corner of Afghanistan where a serious lecture is happening, to an audience that seems part ideological, part curious; some are just impoverished, hoping for a quick job. At the front of this room stands an Afghan freshly back from fighting in Syria, and intent on recruiting other Afghans to fight alongside him for ISIS. "Brothers, I am here to tell you", the recruiter begins, "about the mujahideen in Syria." All faces are hidden in the footage, yet the motivations are clear. This seems to be part of ISIS's first moves into Afghanistan, a bid to bolster their ranks for the fight in Iraq and Syria by vacuuming up disgruntled former Taliban fighters -- or even just students looking for a cause. But it's a troubling move nonetheless. There's no shortage of battle-hardened militants here. And as NATO leaves, the Taliban looks strong if a little fractured -- and the possibility of peace talks ahead with the Afghan government could alienate some of the group's more radical elements. The man is one of five recruiters, he says -- some foreign, others Afghan like him, spread out across the country. His message is broadly ideological. "Jihad is now obligatory not only in Afghanistan, but also in many other places in the world," the recruiter tells the room. "The Christians and Jews have not only attacked Afghanistan, but they have also attacked Muslims in Syria, Iraq and Palestine. So Jihad is obligatory on us in these places." His reception is mixed, but to one audience member the ideological appeal is clear. "My aim is to fight infidels," the man says. "In Syria, or if they ask me to in Afghanistan, I will." Another man says he would prefer to stay home and go to university, but he is attracted by the recruiter's offer of money. "I definitely need the money," he says, "but will stay here and hope peace comes." Concerns are growing about how ISIS may expand into Afghanistan. When asked why ISIS might be on the rise here, Afghan President Ashraf Ghani told CNN's Fareed Zakaria: "The reason it's happening is because (the) collapse of Yemen, Syria, Iraq has created an environment where instead of one weak link in the interrelated system of states, now there are wider spaces." Ghani added: "They have -- it's one of the most well-endowed finance -- well-financed organizations. And the techniques are spreading." The United Nations Special Representative to Afghanistan, Nicholas Haysom, told the Security Council that ISIS's presence in Afghanistan was "of concern," but was most troubling in its "potential to offer an alternative flagpole to which otherwise isolated insurgent splinter groups can rally." A senior U.S. official told CNN that "the terrain is there" for ISIS to grow in Afghanistan. This is "something everyone is keeping a very close eye on. Afghanistan government is concerned. Pakistan government is concerned," he said, before adding that disaffected Taliban might also be attracted to the group. The path to CNN's filming with the recruiter was complex. An Afghan cameraman working for CNN was introduced at first to militants seeking to recruit fighters to assist an al Qaeda-linked group in Syria. Weeks later it emerged they were in fact working for ISIS. The group the militants say they come from -- Khorasan -- is better known as a radical part of the al Qaeda faction of al-Nusra, in Syria, where many Afghans fight. Yet ISIS experts say some of Khorasan's militants have defected to join ISIS, and those defectors in turn sent recruiters to Afghanistan to try to bolster their ranks. At the meeting that our cameraman was permitted to film, the militants produced application forms that bear the logo of the Islamic State -- the name the group prefers to be called -- although they appeared to be using the group's older nomenclature of ISIS on the documents. While these recruiters seek to attract fighters to Syria, their presence in Afghanistan at this pivotal time will fuel fears that the country remains vulnerable to being used as a sanctuary for a new wave of extremists. | There's no shortage of battle-hardened militants in Afghanistan, writes Nick Paton-Walsh . Concerns are growing about how ISIS may expand into the country . A senior U.S. official fears disaffected Taliban might be attracted to the group . |
Please give me a short bulleted list of the key discoveries from Gallo’s lab. | After listening to a talk by biologist David Baltimore and further stimulation from his virologist colleague, Robert Ting, concerning the work of the late Howard Martin Temin, Gallo became interested in the study of retroviruses, and made their study the primary activity of his lab. In 1976, Doris Morgan, a first year post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab, was asked by Gallo to examine culture fluid of activated lymphocytes for the possible production of growth factors. Soon she was successful in growing T lymphocytes. Gallo, Morgan and Frank Ruscetti, another researcher in Gallo's lab, coauthored a paper in Science describing their method. The Gallo group identified this as T-cell growth factor (TCGF). The name was changed in 1978 to IL-2 (interleukin-2) by the Second International Lymphokine Conference (which was held in Interlaken, Switzerland). Although earlier reports had described soluble molecules with biologic effects, the effects and biochemistry of the factors were not well characterized. One such example was the report by Julius Gordon in 1965, which described blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes in extracellular media. However, cell growth was not demonstrated and the affected cell type was not identified, making the identity of the factor(s) involved unclear and its natural function unknown.
The discovery of IL-2 allowed T cells, previously thought to be dead end cells, to be grown significantly in culture for the first time, opening research into many aspects of T cell immunology. Gallo's lab later purified and biochemically characterized IL-2. This breakthrough also allowed researchers to grow T-cells and study the viruses that affect them, such as human T-cell leukemia virus, or HTLV, the first retrovirus identified in humans, which Bernard Poiesz, another post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab played a key role in its isolation. HTLV's role in leukemia was clarified when Kiyoshi Takatsuki and other Japanese researchers, puzzling over an outbreak of a rare form of leukemia, later independently found the same retrovirus, and both groups showed HTLV to be the cause. At the same time, a similar HTLV-associated leukemia was identified by the Gallo group in the Caribbean. In 1982, Gallo received the Lasker Award: "For his pioneering studies that led to the discovery of the first human RNA tumor virus [the old name for retroviruses] and its association with certain leukemias and lymphomas." | Successfully growing T lymphocytes in culture for the first time
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
Human T-cell leukemia virus
The first human retrovirus |
When did Iranians convert to Islam? | The Islamization of Iran occurred as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia in 633–654. It was a long process by which Islam, though initially rejected, eventually spread among the population on the Iranian Plateau. Iranian peoples have maintained certain pre-Islamic traditions, including their language and culture, and adapted them with Islamic codes. These two customs and traditions merged as the "Iranian Islamic" identity. | Unlike the popular opinion that Arabs converted Iranians to Islam after defeating the Sasanian Empire, Iranians continued to practice their native religions for many centuries. The conversion to Islam was a slow process which was aided by differentiated tax systems for Muslims and non-muslims. |
Extract the factors that affect the shape of a yield curve, and list them using bullets. | Yield curves are usually upward sloping asymptotically: the longer the maturity, the higher the yield, with diminishing marginal increases (that is, as one moves to the right, the curve flattens out). According to columnist Buttonwood of The Economist newspaper, the slope of the yield curve can be measured by the difference, or "spread", between the yields on two-year and ten-year U.S. Treasury Notes. A wider spread indicates a steeper slope.
There are two common explanations for upward sloping yield curves. First, it may be that the market is anticipating a rise in the risk-free rate. If investors hold off investing now, they may receive a better rate in the future. Therefore, under the arbitrage pricing theory, investors who are willing to lock their money in now need to be compensated for the anticipated rise in rates—thus the higher interest rate on long-term investments. Another explanation is that longer maturities entail greater risks for the investor (i.e. the lender). A risk premium is needed by the market, since at longer durations there is more uncertainty and a greater chance of events that impact the investment. This explanation depends on the notion that the economy faces more uncertainties in the distant future than in the near term. This effect is referred to as the liquidity spread. If the market expects more volatility in the future, even if interest rates are anticipated to decline, the increase in the risk premium can influence the spread and cause an increasing yield.
The opposite situation can also occur, in which the yield curve is "inverted", with short-term interest rates higher than long-term. For instance, in November 2004, the yield curve for UK Government bonds was partially inverted. The yield for the 10-year bond stood at 4.68%, but was only 4.45% for the 30-year bond. The market's anticipation of falling interest rates causes such incidents. Negative liquidity premiums can also exist if long-term investors dominate the market, but the prevailing view is that a positive liquidity premium dominates, so only the anticipation of falling interest rates will cause an inverted yield curve. Strongly inverted yield curves have historically preceded economic recessions.
The shape of the yield curve is influenced by supply and demand: for instance, if there is a large demand for long bonds, for instance from pension funds to match their fixed liabilities to pensioners, and not enough bonds in existence to meet this demand, then the yields on long bonds can be expected to be low, irrespective of market participants' views about future events. | - The market's expectation of the future interest rate. If investors expect a higher interest rate in the future, then the curve would be upward sloping. Otherwise if the market is anticipating a falling interest rate, then the curve would be downward sloping.
- Risk premium. Longer maturities entail greater risks for the investor, thus investors would expect a higher return for longer term investments.
- Supply and demand. If there is a higher demand or lower supply for bonds with a certain maturity, then the yield for those bonds would go down. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Prosecutors plan to pursue the death penalty in the trial of Craig Hicks, 46 . The man who shot dead three Muslim students near the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill campus last month could be executed for the crime. Craig Hicks, 46, has been charged with first-degree murder in the February 10 shooting deaths of Deah Barakat, 23; his wife Yusor Abu-Salha, 21; and Yusor's sister Razan Abu-Salha, 19. Durham County District Attorney Roger Echols has expressed in court documents filed last week that the state plans to pursue capital charges in the case, which is currently being investigated as a possible hate crime by the FBI. Echols will explain his reasons for pursuing the death penalty at a hearing set for April. Prosecutors often push for the death penalty in cases where they can use execution as leverage to get the accused to agree to a plea deal, opting for a lesser sentence like life in prison for pleading guilt and avoiding trial. Hicks has reportedly already confessed to murder, though authorities still haven't revealed whether he gave a motive for his crime. His wife Karen Haggerty Hicks says he killed the three students because of an argument over parking spaces at the Finley Forest apartments where they all lived just a few miles from the Chapel Hill campus. However,others have voiced the opinion that the shooting was a hate crime based on the students' Muslim faith. Police say they found documents on Hicks' computer that show he kept detailed notes on the parking situation at the apartment complex. Hicks stands accused of shooting dead North Carolina students Deah Shaddy Barakat, 23, his wife Yusor Mohammad, 21, and her sister Razan Mohammad Abu-Salha, 19, on February 10 . A search of Hicks' home turned up 12 firearms including four pistols and a Bushmaster AR-15. He also described himself as a 'gun toting' atheist in online posts. Hicks faces three charges of first-degree murder as well as a charge of discharging a firearm into an occupied dwelling. The FBI is currently investigating the shooting to see if any federal laws against crimes of religious bias were broken. Hicks remains behind bars at Central Prison in Raleight, where he is reportedly being kept in isolation for 'safe-keeping'. He is being represented by a court-appointed public defender. Deah (right) and Yusor Barakat (left) had only been married a month when they were shot dead in their apartment complex just a few minutes from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill campus . | Craig Hicks, 46, stands accused of killing three Muslim students at an apartment complex near UNC Chapel Hill last month . In court documents filed last week, prosecutors expressed intention to seek death penalty for Hicks . Initial reports said the shooting was over parking argument . FBI is currently investigating shooting as possible hate crime . |
What does the Gini coefficient measure? | In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none.
The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources. | The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. |
What is postmodernism? | Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or mode of discourse characterized by skepticism toward the "grand narratives" of modernism; rejection of epistemic certainty or the stability of meaning; and sensitivity to the role of ideology in maintaining political power. Claims to objectivity are dismissed as naïve realism, with attention drawn to the conditional nature of knowledge claims within particular historical, political, and cultural discourses. The postmodern outlook is characterized by self-referentiality, epistemological relativism, moral relativism, pluralism, irony, irreverence, and eclecticism; it rejects the "universal validity" of binary oppositions, stable identity, hierarchy, and categorization
Initially emerging from a mode of literary criticism, postmodernism developed in the mid-twentieth century as a rejection of modernism, and has been observed across many disciplines. Postmodernism is associated with the disciplines deconstruction and post-structuralism. Various authors have criticized postmodernism as promoting obscurantism, as abandoning Enlightenment rationalism and scientific rigor, and as adding nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge | Postmodernism is a philosophical position that questions the certainty and immutability of human knowledge. It emerges in opposition to the main tenets of modernism and rejects claims of objective universal truths that are not bound and shaped by the social, historical, political and cultural context in which they arise. Postmodernist attitudes are characterized by moral relativism, a view where opposite moral precepts and world views are equally valid regardless of their consequences or scientific underpinning. This has led to criticism from thinkers that subscribe to rationalism and the notion that objective truths can be derived from scientific rigor. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | During the lengthy inquest into England’s dismal performance at last summer’s World Cup, Roy Hodgson reflected on a team that had been roughed up at the highest level. England were bullied off the ball in the opening two games against Italy and Uruguay, showing too much respect for the opposition. Hodgson demanded change. His team had been intimidated by Luis Suarez, second best to every ball, as England were dumped out of the World Cup after just six days. Luis Suarez bullied and dumped England out of the World Cup after just six days in Brazil . Roy Hodgson's side had been intimidated by Suarez in their Group D defeat at the Arena Corinthians . Weeks after the tournament, at a debrief with England’s coaches, Hodgson told his staff that they would go back to basics for the Euro 2016 qualification campaign. The old-school, British mentality was to make a return and for all the right reasons. Hodgson wanted England to be difficult to beat again. He spoke with assistant manager Ray Lewington and coach Gary Neville, telling them he wanted his new England team to have a more muscular presence on the pitch. Hodgson and Gary Neville had discussions on how they could have a more muscular presence on the pitch . The head coach wanted his team to be stronger, to concentrate on the physical characteristics of the game again after those humbling defeats against Italy and Uruguay, plus the dead rubber against Costa Rica in Belo Horizonte. Hodgson was convinced his team had gone soft, playing to the gallery as the nation demanded a side that could keep possession and stamp their personality on games in the same way as Spain, Holland, France or Germany. The outcome, after Hodgson (right) claimed he wanted to ‘bottle what I’m seeing’ during their pre-tournament training camp at Vale de Lobo in Portugal, was elimination from the World Cup. Although Hodgson wanted his team to be slick and to pass the ball with purpose, he vowed that the rough would go with the smooth for the final two years of his contract. In November, when England renewed their rivalry with Scotland at Celtic Park, the coaching staff agreed unanimously that they emerged from the physical confrontation with the upper hand. Hodgson has introduced the tenacious qualities of Aston Villa midfielder Fabian Delph to the team, encouraging him to make the meaty challenges in the centre of the park. Hodgson wanted to add some extra steel to his England squad and it game in the form of Fabian Delph . Delph has impressed for England since making his debut for England against Switzerland in Basle . ‘I do like a tackle,’ he admitted on Sunday as England continued their preparations for the prestige friendly against Italy on Tuesday. Less than a year ago, when England played the Italians in the opening World Cup group game in Manaus, Hodgson’s defence could not lay a glove on the Azzurri. Something had to change. The test for this team, with this new rugged approach, is to travel to Turin and secure a result with a depleted team against a side ranked 10th in the world. Wayne Rooney was named England captain and has is eager to please Hodgson and his new strategy . Rooney was in the team against Italy last summer, out on the left in the World Cup opener as Hodgson attempted to accommodate Liverpool forward Daniel Sturridge. Everyone has learned a lesson from that. The England captain is comfortable with the new approach, eager to please the manager after adopting a new strategy. So far, with seven successive victories since they exited the World Cup, it has worked. Rooney and England have enjoyed six successive victories since bowing out of the World Cup with a whimper . Rooney said: ‘You don’t want to go into games with teams enjoying playing against you, you want teams to look at England and think, “We know we have a tough game. It is going to be physically hard against them, we are going to have to defend and we are going to have to be good on the ball to keep the ball”. ‘It’s maybe not so much nasty, but being aggressive. Not in a bad way in terms of we are putting really hard tackles in, but we are getting up to the ball quickly, we are harrying teams and making them make mistakes. At the minute we have the tactics right.’ On Tuesday, when the players take the field in Turin, they will be met with the uncompromising Juventus trio of Giorgio Chiellini, Leonardo Bonucci and Andrea Barzagli in their favoured 3-5-2 formation. On Tuesday England face World Cup opposition Italy again as Hodgson's side travel to Turin . ‘Italy will be very good on the ball and there will be times when they are able to play out so we have to make sure we pick our moments right and not get picked off,’ added Rooney. ‘It is moving in a good direction. We are learning with every game since the World Cup, we are getting better and there is an excitement back about England.’ It is a bit early for that, but at least they have made a fresh start. | Post-World Cup Roy Hodgson reflected on a team that had been bullied . England showed too much respect to teams and were quickly dumped out . Hodgson added some much-needed steel in the shape of Fabian Delph . New stronger England have won seven successive match since Brazil exit . |
What type of music do U2 make? | U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. | U2 are a rock band. They started out as a post punk band and although this has evolved they have kept their anthemic style. Their sound is built on Bono's vocals and Edge's guitar. Their lyrics include spiritual images, and themes of a personal and political nature. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mesut Ozil will be carpeted by Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger after being spotted in a Berlin nightclub just hours after missing the club’s game at Newcastle because he had a cold. The German international, the club’s £42.5million record signing, was left out of the match-day squad because he felt under the weather. And Wenger gave him permission to fly back to his homeland early to prepare for tomorrow’s friendly against Australia. But instead of nursing his illness he was pictured in a club on Saturday night. Mesut Ozil missed Arsenal's game against Newcastle before being reportedly spotted at a nightclub . Ozil joins Sami Khedira for a Germany training session in Frankfurt on Monday . His decision to go out partying leaves question marks over his omission from the squad to face John Carver's side on Saturday. And manager Wenger will remind the club's record signing of his responsibilities in a face-to-face meeting when he returns from international duty following Sunday's Euro 2016 qualifier in Georgia. Ozil would probably have travelled to Germany after the clash at St James’ Park anyway, but his actions after being allowed time off will leave Arsenal’s management unimpressed. Wenger rarely lets players who tarnish the club's reputation get away without, at the very least, a stern talking to. Germany coach Joachim Low (centre) watches training ahead of their games against Australia and Gerogia . Ozil appeared in high spirits during training but is likely to have to answer to Arsene Wenger on his return . Goalkeeper Wojciech Szczesny was fined after being caught smoking in the dressing room following the New Year's Day loss at Southampton. Likewise, Wenger has warned midfielder Jack Wilshere over his conduct after he was twice photographed with a cigarette. After a mediocre start to his Arsenal career since joining from Real Madrid in 2013, Ozil is slowly starting to find his form. Despite being caught out over the weekend, Ozil is still likely to start against Liverpool after the international break. Olivier Giroud (centre) scored twice against Newcastle to earn a sixth successive win since Monaco defeat . Wojciech Szczesny has not started a league game since being fined for smoking after Southampton loss . | Arsenal defeated Newcastle 2-1 in their Premier League clash on Saturday . Playmaker Mesut Ozil was omitted from the squad through illness . Germany midfielder was reportedly partying with friends at a Berlin nightclub later that evening . |
Name the vocalists of Vengaboys. | Vengaboys (/ˈbɛŋ.ɡæ.bɔɪz/) is a Dutch Eurodance music group based in Rotterdam. The group was the creation of Dutch producers Wessel van Diepen and Dennis van den Driesschen (known as Danski and Delmundo). It consists of lead vocalist Kim Sasabone, female vocalist Denise Post-Van Rijswijk and male vocalists Robin Pors and Donny Latupeirissa. Casting and selection of the act was done by van Diepen.
The group enjoyed commercial success in the late 1990s. They are best known for their hit singles "We Like to Party", "Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!", and "We're Going to Ibiza", the latter two of which topped the UK Singles Chart. They have sold an estimated 25 million records worldwide. On 2 May 2001, the World Music Awards gave Vengaboys the award for best-selling dance group of the year. In 2019, Dutch online newspaper Nu.nl called Vengaboys the most successful Dutch pop group in history. | The vocalists of Vengaboys are Kim Sasabone, Denise Post-Van Rijswijk, Robin Pors and Donny Latupeirissa. |
Provide a bulleted list of 5 key moments in Lyft's history | Lyft was launched in the summer of 2012 by computer programmers Logan Green and John Zimmer as a service of Zimride, a long-distance intercity carpooling company focused on college transport that they founded in 2007 after Green shared rides from the University of California, Santa Barbara campus to visit his girlfriend in Los Angeles and was seeking an easier way to share rides.
In May 2013, the company made the decision to change its name from Zimride to Lyft. Later that year, Lyft sold the original Zimride service to Enterprise Holdings, the parent company of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, to enable the company to focus exclusively on the growth of Lyft.
Lyft's marketing strategy included large pink furry mustaches that drivers attached to the front of their cars and encouraging riders to sit in the front seat and fist bump with drivers upon meeting. In November 2014, the company distanced itself from the fist bump. In January 2015, Lyft introduced a small, glowing plastic dashboard mustache it called a "glowstache" as an alternative to the large fuzzy mustaches on the front of cars. The transition was to help overcome the resistance of some riders to arrive at destinations, such as business meetings, in a car with a giant mustache.
In April 2014, Lyft hired two lobbying firms, TwinLogic Strategies, and Jochum Shore & Trossevin, to address the regulatory barriers and opposition it had received since its launch. Due to regulatory hurdles in New York City, the company altered its business model when establishing Lyft on the East Coast of the United States. Lyft's launch in New York City occurred on the evening of July 25, 2014, and, by the Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) and the approval of the Manhattan Supreme Court, only drivers registered with the TLC were permitted to drive Lyft-branded vehicles in New York City.
In August 2014, the company introduced a shared ride concept, which provides cheaper fares.
In December 2017, Lyft expanded into Canada, with operations in the Toronto, Hamilton and Ottawa metropolitan areas.
In March 2018, Lyft partnered with Allscripts to create a platform allowing healthcare providers to arrange rides for patients who lack transportation to appointments. The service would be available to 2,500 hospitals, 180,000 physicians, and approximately 7 million patients. Lyft acquired Motivate, a bicycle-sharing system and the operator of Capital Bikeshare and Citi Bike, in November 2018. The company also announced plans to add 28,000 Citi Bikes and expand its service.
In March 2019, Lyft became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $2.34 billion at a valuation of $24.3 billion. The company set aside some shares to be given to long-time drivers.
In March 2020, Lyft acquired Halo Cars which pays drivers to display digital advertisements on their vehicles. In April 2020, Lyft laid off 982 employees and furloughed an additional 288 to reduce operating expenses and adjust cash flows due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The company continued to offer scooters for rent in San Francisco, while Miami government asked Lyft to halt operations.
In August 2020, Lyft partnered with rental car company Sixt to let users access rental cars. Most of the rental cars are owned and operated by Sixt, with 85 locations in the US. Lyft receives commissions from rentals.
In December 2020, Lyft announced plans to launch a multi-city U.S. robotaxi service in 2023 with Motional. Lyft sold its self-driving car division to Toyota for $550 million in April 2021. The division had partnerships with General Motors, NuTonomy, Ford Motor Company, GoMentum Station, and Magna International. It also owned Blue Vision Labs, a London-based augmented reality startup, acquired in 2018 for $72 million.
In April 2022, Lyft announced an agreement to acquire PBSC Urban Solutions, a Canadian bike-share equipment and technology supplier. In November 2022, the company announced layoffs of approximately 700 employees, or about 13% of its staff.
In March 2023, amid "a battered stock price," Lyft announced David Risher as its next CEO. | - Lyft was launched in 2012 my John Zimmer and Logan Green
- In 2014, Lyft hired two lobbying firms to address regulatory headwinds it faced since launching
- In 2017, Lyft expanded to Canada
- In 2019, Lyft became a public company via IPO
- In 2023, while the stock had been performing poorly, Lyft's founders resigned and were replaced by David Risher |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Administrators at a Catholic university in Florida agreed to help an honors student start a campus club that would send money and supplies to the ISIS terror army. Hidden camera footage released Monday morning shows officials and faculty at Barry University advising a senior – identified only as 'Laura' – about the best way to secure funding for a club she called 'Sympathetic Students in Support of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.' 'I want to start fundraising efforts on campus, and what I want to do is raise funds to send overseas,' she told Derek Bley, the school's Coordinator for Leadership Development and Student Organizations. Bley offered to help her create the organization and agreed with her request to 'pass out Islamic State flags and educate people' at an annual student 'Festival of Nations' fair. The video is from Project Veritas, a conservative 'guerilla film-making group' that last week captured a Cornell University dean agreeing that ISIS and Hamas would be welcome at the Ivy League school. SCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEO . When an honors student at Barry University in Florida asked campus administrators about getting college funds for a club supporting the ISIS terror army, her idea was met with approval . The Barry professor in charge of the undergraduate honors program agreed to serve as the pro-ISIS group's faculty advisor after hearing that its mission would include 'raising money and sending it to the Islamic State' 'We're not here to limit people,' Derek Bley, 'leadership development' coordinator, told 'Laura' as the student filmed him with a hidden camera . Barry University, based in Miami Shores, has received more than $112 million in federal grants and contracts, and another $109 million from Florida taxpayers since 2000, Project Veritas said Monday, citing figures from OpenTheBooks.com. It also once received tuition money from retired NBA great Shaquille O'Neal, who graduated in 2012 with a doctorate in Education. His final 'capstone project' – a load-lightened version of a doctoral dissertation – focused on 'humor and seriousness in leadership styles,' according to the Miami New Times. The school's mission statement says 'all members of our community' must 'accept social responsibility to foster peace and nonviolence.' Yet Bley was enthusiastic about Laura's terror-funding venture. 'We're not here to limit people and their clubs, he said. 'If there a demand or a need, or an interest that students have to do this, we're here to support that.' 'If you've got ... people who are interested, and this is something you want take and run with,' he added. 'we're here to help you get that done.' 'WE'RE HERE TO SUPPORT THAT': Bley explained that his office wouldn't make judgments about the kinds of activities and clubs college students wanted to sign up for . The only objection? Asking students to support a group with 'ISIS' in its name, a multicultural program coordinator thought, might hold the organization back – so why not rename it? Laura put the murderous ISIS army's credentials front-and-center. 'They are terrorists,' she told Bley, 'but, like, we're trying to help them. We're trying to, like, educate them and give them funding so that they don't have to be impoverished and get involved in acts of violence.' 'You should create jobs and help promote education in the Islamic State,' she added later, 'because that's what helps reduce terrorism.' That was a subtle jab at U.S. State Department deputy spokeswoman Marie Harf, who said last month on MSNBC that 'we cannot kill our way out of this war' with ISIS.' The Obama administration, Harf said, should instead 'go after the root causes that lead people to join these groups' – including 'lack of opportunity for jobs.' At one point Laura expanded her fictional club's mandate to include providing paper and pencils to the 'widows and orphans' of dead ISIS jihadis. Barry University is a Catholic institution founded in 1940; its enrollment includes more than 9,000 students, about half of whom are undergrads like Laura . CAMPUS COLLABORATORS: Barry University administrators Derek Bley (left) and Frederique Frage (center), and professor Pawena Sirimangkala, helpfully counseled an undercover investigator about how to start a pro-ISIS student club . FLY THE FLAG: Laura was told her fictional pro-ISIS group would be allowed to pass out ISIS flags and 'educate' people during a campus 'Festival of Nations' event . FAMOUS ALUMNUS: Shaquille O'Neal earned an Education doctorate in 2012 . Another part of her pitch to college officials was a mission that included providing flashlights to ISIS fighters and their families. 'A lot of the facilities have been destroyed' in Iraq and Syria, she said, 'so there is not a lot of electricity and power.' 'A lot of the fighters, they can't see at night, you know?' she continued. 'So, like, people are attacking them and they can't see at night. And because they are so poor, like, they don't have night vision and stuff.' Bley explored the idea, speculating about the 'thousands of dollars' it might cost to send 'bulk shipments' of flashlights to the Middle East, 'like the ones at Costco and stuff.' The only objection Laura encountered was related to the group's proposed name. 'The only thing, as far as the name [goes],' she heard from Frederique Frage, the university's associate director of international and multicultural programs, is that 'technically our country is at war with ISIS'. Frage was quick to add: 'I am not saying that – at all – ISIS represents Islam.' But students might have 'some reservation' supporting a group engaged in a 'humanitarian effort' aimed at the terror group, she said. 'It's just unfortunate.' Another multicultural program administrator, Daisy Santiago, chimed in that Laura should rename her group 'Students in Support of the Middle East' – 'as opposed to having the 'ISIS' [name].' Project Veritas has already stung a Cornell University dean who said on camera that the Ivy League school would welcome an ISIS 'freedom fighter' who wanted to run a training camp . JOBS FOR JIHADIS? State Department deputy spokeswoman Marie Harf insisted in February on MSNBC that an employment program in the Iraq and Syria could stem the tide of ISIS . A professor who runs the university's honors program later agreed to serve as the pro-ISIS club's faculty advisor. Laura explained that despite a less focused name that didn't include any mention of terror groups, her organization's mission would remain 'raising money and sending it to the Islamic State.' Professor Pawena Sirimangkala responded: 'I'll sign. I'm glad to do it.' Laura, an email from a Barry University administrator confirms, is set to receive an award on Monday from the school, as the 'outstanding senior in the Communication Department.' In December the Corporation for National and Community Service, a federal government agency, named Barry University to the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll. The distinction acknowledges universities that place a premium on community service efforts. Daily Mail Online has contacted the university staff named in the video and has not received a comment from them. In a statement provided to Daily Mail Online by the university, Scott Smith, vice president for student affairs, said, 'There has been no formation of an ISIS-related humanitarian aid group at Barry University' and that ' no paperwork' has 'ever' been filed to create such an organization. 'If a student or students are interested in forming a recognized student organization, they are advised on the established processes to follow for approval,' Smith stated. 'However, submitting a request does not guarantee approval since the purpose of all student groups must be in accordance with Barry University’s Mission Statement and Core Commitments. 'Barry University would not approve any group supporting a terrorist organization.' | Honors student set to receive communications award at Barry University in Miami told college officials she wanted to start a club to support ISIS . Student organizations chief told her she could get funding for group called 'Sympathetic Students in Support of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria' 'They are terrorists,' she told him, 'but we're trying to help them, we're trying to educate them and give them funding' 'We're not here to limit people,' the university administrator replied, and agreed with her request to 'pass out Islamic State flags' at a school event . The VP for student affairs told Daily Mail Online, 'Barry University would not approve any group supporting a terrorist organization' Project Veritas, a conservative group run by guerilla filmmaker James O'Keefe, made the startling video . Group previously filmed a Cornell University dean saying an ISIS 'freedom fighter' could host a training camp at the Ivy League school . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sean Dyche reacted brilliantly to a reporter accidentally questioning him on Burnley's 'title fight' after their 1-0 win over Manchester City on Saturday. The Clarets are embroiled in a relegation battle at the bottom of the Premier League, but one journalist fluffed his lines, instead asking Dyche what the impressive result would 'do for their title fight'. 'Title fight?!,' Dyche replied incredulously, before pumping his fists and shouting, 'Get in there! Get in there! You beauty!' Sean Dyche celebrated by pumping his fists after a reporter accidentally asked him about Burnley's 'title fight' The Burnley boss then clarified, shouting 'No headlines! I did not say we're in a title fight' amid the laughter . 'Come on you, love that from you', he continued, pointing at the reporter in question, before clarifying: 'I didn't say that, no headlines. I did not say we're in a title fight.' Dyche was certainly in high spirits - and understandably so - after his side upset the odds to help their chances of survival, while in turn dealing a blow to their opponents in the actual title fight at the top of the league. George Boyd scored the only goal of the game in the second half, and the Burnley manager believes that the correct team won the match. George Boyd scored the only goal of the game, a wonderful half-volley from outside the aea . Boyd (centre) wheels away in celebration alongside his team-mates after scoring the only goal of the game . 'It was deserved, I think,' Dyche told reporters when the laughter had died down. 'Overall I think we edged it. It was a close game, why wouldn't it be against players of that calibre? 'I'm obviously delighted with the outcome and the performance. I have said many times this season I think the players are improving. I think they are growing and learning at this level. 'It doesn't guarantee the future and there is still room for more, but this reinforces all the good work that has been done.' Manchester City playes traipse from the pitch after losing 1-0 to Burnley at Turf Moor on Saturday evening . Burnley fans were still hopeful of safety before the match, and the result will have given them more confidence . The Clarets' victory - despite some battling recent displays - was only their second in 13 games and pulled them within a point of 17th-placed Sunderland. 'Our will and desire to be in the Premier League is all on show, but we won't get too carried away,' Dyche continued. 'We know there's a long way to go. The players are grounded. 'We haven't been broken from defeat - we've been dented a few times - but this win reinforces confidence and belief. | Burnley upset the odds to beat Manchester City 1-0 at Turf Moor . After the game, a reporter asked Sean Dyche about Burnley's 'title fight' The Burnley boss reacted brilliantly, pumping his fists in celebration . He then clarified, shouting: 'No headlines! I did not say we're in a title fight!' |
Who was Alexander the Great? | Alexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon | Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A million women were raped by Allied soldiers in Germany in the immediate aftermath of World War II, a new books claims. ‘When The Soldiers Came,’ by historian Miriam Gebhardt, is hailed as the definitive account of the treatment meted out to the defeated women of Nazi Germany which they remained silent about for decades out of shame and humiliaton. 'At the very least 860,000 women and girls - and also men and young boys - were raped by the occupying Allied soldiers and their helpers. It happened everywhere,' begins the book. A new book claims Allied troops raped German women during the Second World War by manipulating them with gifts of chocolate and cigarettes. Above, a soldier takes a photograph of a German woman . Until now it was widely thought that only the Red Army, which advanced on Germany with rape as a weapon sanctioned by Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, committed the mass rapes upon tens of thousands of women, many of whom committed suicide. 'Soldiers of the western Allies were also guilty,' said Mrs. Gebhardt, a renowned historian in Germany who tracked down some victims to interview them about their ordeal at the hands of Briish and American soldiers. 'I researched the book for over a year and-a-half,' she said. 'I wanted to tell the story of what 'happened from the perspective of the victims. I wanted to reconstruct the crimes as gently as I could.' She said the 'terrible crimes' did not only take place in the Soviet zones of occupation - long chronicled and well-known about - but also in French, British and American sectors. A familiar slogan of the times was: 'It took six years for the Americans to struggle against the German armies but it only took a day and a slab of chocolate for them to conquer German women.' But not all collaboration in the bedroom was voluntary, writes Gebhardt. German author Miriam Gebhardt made the claims in a new book . She said the false impression grew up after the war that German women gave themselves to western soldiers because they brought with them things they desperately needed - nylons, food, cigarettes, coffee. 'The impression grew that there was no rape in the west but rather a kind of prostitution grew up,' said the author. But in fact countless women were raped, she said, with soldiers believing they could treat the as they wanted after bearing coveted gifts. 'Post-war society was hardly ready to differentiate between voluntary and forced sexual contact. 'Between women who prostituted themselves out of emergency needs and those who had become victims of rape.' Added to the trauma of the western victims was the shame suffered by the children they bore from their attackers. 'Their fathers were, mostly, unknown, and the women received no financial help at all,' said Gebhardt. She said in parts of southern Germany, occupied by American troops, there were often 'free nights' where soldiers were encouraged to abuse women at will for up to 48 hours at a time. The alleged victims are 'relieved' their hardship is coming to light, she added. | 'When The Soldiers Came' claims Allied troops raped one million women . Children, men and young boys were also abused by soldiers, it claims . Until now it was thought only the Stalin's Red Army raped German women . But author insists she has spoken to some who can attest to the abuse . There was a misconception all women traded sex for coveted goods . But western soldiers took advantage of power to rape, says the author . |
When did Felix Luna die? | Félix César Luna (30 September 1925 – 5 November 2009) was an Argentine writer, lyricist and historian. | Felix Luna died on November 5th, 2009 |
Why is free climbing called free climbing? | Most of the climbing done in modern times is considered free climbing—climbing using one's own physical strength, with equipment used solely as protection and not as support—as opposed to aid climbing, the gear-dependent form of climbing that was dominant in the sport's earlier days. Free climbing is typically divided into several styles that differ from one another depending on the choice of equipment used and the configurations of their belay, rope and anchor systems. | Free climbing is named so because it is performed solely using one's own physical strength, "free" from any support from equipment other than as protection. That is, gear is never used to help a climber actually climb, only to catch them in case they fall. |
Give me a bulleted list of the main responses to "Bad Blood" listed in this text, including whether they were positive or negative. | "Bad Blood" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, taken from her fifth studio album 1989 (2014). Swift wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Shellback. The album track is a pop song with stomping drums. A hip hop remix of "Bad Blood", featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar and additional production by Ilya, was released as the fourth single from 1989 on May 17, 2015, by Big Machine and Republic Records.
The lyrics are about feelings of betrayal by a close friend. Upon the album's release, critics expressed mixed opinions about "Bad Blood", with some complimenting Swift's defiant attitude and dubbing it an album highlight, while others criticized its production and lyrics. The remixed single was praised for the reworked instrumentation and Lamar's verses, which others considered to be out of place on a pop song. Media outlets speculated that American singer Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The remix received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.
"Bad Blood" was supported by a high-budget music video directed by Joseph Kahn and produced by Swift. It featured an ensemble cast consisting of many singers, actresses and fashion models, which received wide media coverage. Critics praised the video for its cinematic and futuristic visuals inspired by neo-noir styles. It won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, and two MTV Video Music Awards for the Video of the Year and Best Collaboration. Commercially, "Bad Blood" reached number one in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Scotland, as well as the United States, where it topped the Billboard Hot 100, Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts. It has been certified triple platinum in Australia and Canada, and 6× platinum in the US. | * positive about Taylor Swift's defiant attitude
* negative about the song's production and lyrics
* positive about the instrumentation and verses
* positive about the accompanying music video's visuals
* positive in terms of topping several charts |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Juan Mata believes Manchester United will qualify for next season's Champions League despite facing stiff competition from the likes of Liverpool and Arsenal for a top four spot. The Spanish playmaker, in an exclusive Facebook fan Q&A session, has warned his team-mates that 'Manchester United must always play in the Champions League'. United, who missed out on playing in this season's Champions League after finishing seventh last season, are currently fourth in the Barclays Premier League but are just two points clear of fifth-placed Liverpool. Juan Mata has backed Manchester United to seal a spot in next season's Champions League . The Spanish playmaker has been named on the substitutes' bench for United's last seven fixtures . United are currently fourth in the Premier League . Louis van Gaal's side face a tense finish to the season but Mata has backed his side to have a positive end to the campaign. 'Manchester United must always play in the Champions League and we believe we’ll make it.' Mata is hoping his side can get back to winning ways against Tottenham on Sunday following United's FA Cup exit at the hands of Arsenal. He is also keen to reclaim a spot in Van Gaal's first team plans after being named on the substitutes' bench for United's last seven fixtures. 'Hopefully it is going to be a good result for us,' added Mata. 'I enjoy playing against Tottenham because I have had some good experiences against them! 'I'm working in the same way I have always done, with the same attitude and the same passion! That’s all I can do, I'm always optimistic and ready to contribute to the team at any time!' Louis van Gaal will be hoping his side can bounce back from Monday's FA Cup defeat by Arsenal . | Juan Mata believes Manchester United will finish inside the top four . United are currently fourth in the Premier League with 10 games to go . Mata is desperate to break into Louis van Gaal's starting line-up . Man United face Tottenham at Old Trafford on Sunday afternoon . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Duke Cambridge was blessed with good luck this weekend after he submitted his head to the jaws of a Chinese-style lion on his tour of Japan. Prince William was visiting a coastal area in the north of the country that was one of the areas worst hit by the 2011 tsunami. The town of Onagawa was severely damaged on March 11 four years ago, when a huge 28ft wave swept across the land after it was triggered by an earthquake. Scroll down for video . Prince William is greeted by a lion dancer during his visit to the Chime of Hope Shopping Centre in Onagawa, Miyagi. It is said to be good luck to put your head in the jaws of the lion . Prince William meets another of the Chinese Lions who were waiting at the Chime Of Hope shopping centre to greet him on his trip to northern Japan . The royal arrived in the neighbouring city of Ishinomaki this morning and spent some time at a local newspaper, which produced handwritten copies when the electricity went down after the disaster struck. Hiroyuki Takeuchi, who was editor of the paper of the time, has since established a children's newspaper, allowing younger members of the community to tell their own stories about the disaster, as well as reporting on everyday events. He then headed to a hilltop in Ishinomaki that overlooks an area nicknamed 'The Bay Of Destruction', in reference to how much of the land was laid to waste after the wave. William paid his respects and presented a bouquet of flowers at a shrine for the 3,300 residents of the area who lost their lives in the tragedy. Prince William looks at handwritten newspapers in the days after the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami to keep vital community communication links going as he visits the Ishinimaki newspaper office . William offers a silent prayer for the victims of the 11 March 2011 earthquake and Tsunami disaster as he visits a hilltop in Ishinomaki that overlooks the 'Bay of Disaster' The Prince had insisted that he visit areas hit by the 2011 tsunami on his four-day tour of Japan . William looks out over the Bay Of Destruction, which was almost completely destroyed by the disaster . Thousands more were injured locally in the disaster and 20,000 also lost their homes in the incident. The last stop in his four-day tour of Japan was of particular importance to William - he had insisted that he visit areas hit by the tsunami on his first ever trip to the country. While the people of the country have been working hard to rebuild their lives after the disaster, much of the worst-hit areas are still badly affected. The prince is greeted by local children as he visits areas hit by the tsunami in Ishinomaki . William waves to wellwishers as he arrives at the Chime of Hope Shopping Centre in Onagawa . During his visit to the town of Onagawa in the afternoon, William visited a market called the Chime Of Hope that has been completely rebuilt after it was demolished in 2011. The second-in-line to the throne met with shopkeepers and residents from the new neighbourhood shopping centre, which has re-established 30 businesses from a tailor's shop, to a greengrocer, cafe and an artist's design studio. Hundreds of locals turned out to greet the 32 year old, with many waving Union Jack flags. At the end of the visit, William rang the Bell of Hope, which originally hung in in Onagawa Station and was washed away during the tsunamii, but was later found in the harbour. Thousands of people lined the streets to catch a glimpse of the second-in-line to the British throne . During his visit to the shopping centre, which has been built since the 2011 tsunami, William met with shopkeepers and residents . | Prince William visited city of Ishinomaki and town of Onagawa on last leg of four-day Japan tour today . The area was one of the worst hit by the 2011 tsunami . The royal toured the local newspaper offices and paid his respects at a shrine to the tsunami victims . He also visited a shopping centre, where he was greeted by the traditional Chinese lions . |
From the passage provided, extract the year Pro Kabaddi League was established. | Asian Games
Main article: Kabaddi at the Asian Games
(video) Kabaddi being played in Japan, 2015
Kabaddi was played as a demonstration event at the First Asian Games in 1951, and again in 1982, before becoming a medal event for the first time in 1990.
The Indian national team won every men's and women's kabaddi competition in the Asian Games from 2002 through 2014. At the 2018 Asian Games, Iran became the first country other than India to win gold medals in kabaddi, with India's men's team winning bronze, and India's women's team being beaten by Iran to win silver.
Pro Kabaddi League
Main article: Pro Kabaddi League
The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014. The league modeled its business upon that of the Indian Premier League of Twenty20 cricket, with a large focus on marketing, the backing of local broadcaster Star Sports, and changes to the sport's rules and its presentation to make it more suitable for a television audience. The Pro Kabaddi League quickly became a ratings success on Indian television; the 2014 season was watched by at least 435 million viewers over the course of the season, and the inaugural championship match was seen by 98.6 million viewers.
Additional rules are used in the Pro Kabaddi League to encourage scoring: when a defensive side has three or fewer players remaining, tackles are worth two points instead of one. Furthermore, if a team performs two empty raids in a row, the next raider must score a point, or else they will be declared out and the opposing team will score a point. | The Pro Kabaddi League was established in 2014 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wayne Rooney realised his boxing-in-the-kitchen video might not be quite so easy to shrug off when Coleen caught five-year-old Kai mimicking his father’s knockout goal celebration. ‘My wife went to pick him up from school and saw him doing that in the classroom,’ said Rooney. ‘I’m sure you won’t be seeing that celebration again.’ There will be no repeat if the England captain hits the target in a Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania at Wembley on Friday and moves ever closer to Sir Bobby Charlton’s goal record. Wayne Rooney says he won't repeat his knockout celebration if he scores for England against Lithuania . Rooney produced the celebration after scoring in Manchester United's 3-0 win over Tottenham on March 15 . The 29-year-old's celebration was in jest to him being floored by by Stoke defender Phil Bardsley at home . Rooney prepares to fall to the floor in reference to the leaked video of the impromptu bout at his family home . Ashley Young (right) laughs as Rooney falls as part of his humorous boxing celebration at Old Trafford . How Group E stands ahead of Friday's matches . Rooney celebrated scoring for Manchester United against Tottenham earlier this month by falling flat on to his back, a joke aimed at a film of him being floored by Stoke defender Phil Bardsley during an impromptu bout at his home which has since proved the source of much amusement for team-mates. ‘There has been a bit around the place, at United and England training, but you’d expect that, they’re a group of lads,’ said Rooney. ‘I’ve always loved boxing. Unfortunately, sometimes it doesn’t go too well. I was caught on the end of a punch. I wasn’t knocked out. ‘I didn’t see it as a big issue. I spoke to the manager, and he didn’t see it as a big issue. I come from a boxing background. I’d have apologised if I felt it was wrong. But for me, that’s been and gone.’ What if he had fallen badly, someone asked. ‘I never, so…’ shrugged Rooney and flashed a smile. Roy Hodgson, seated beside him, smiled too, not about to chastise his skipper, a player who will win his 102nd England cap on Friday. Only eight players have more. As for his pursuit of the goal record, he is only two behind Gary Lineker, three behind Charlton’s 49 and in splendid form for his country. ‘Bobby’s been a great for Manchester United and England,’ said Rooney. ‘I speak to him regularly at the club, especially after games. He gives me great advice, certainly when I was playing midfield because he was an attacking midfielder and he spoke to me about my role. Rooney (right) will be hoping to close in on Sir Bobby Charlton's England goalscoring record on Friday . Rooney currently has 46 goals in 101 appearances for England - just three shy of Charlton's tally . Expected line-ups for Friday's Euro 2016 qualifier . ‘But I don’t want to bring it up with him and say I’m close to beating him. Hopefully one day it will happen, sooner rather than later.’ Louis van Gaal’s experiment with Rooney in midfield seems to be over, brought to an end when Robin van Persie was injured and the United manager ran out of patience with Radamel Falcao. ‘We’re delighted to see him up front again for Manchester United. We’ve always used him as a front player,’ said Hodgson, and Rooney seemed to agree he was back in his natural position while trying not to say anything that might offend Van Gaal. ‘I’m delighted to be up front, scoring goals and helping us win,’ said the 29-year-old, who has four in five for United since Van Persie’s injury and six in six up front for England this season, including two on his last outing, the friendly in Scotland in November. Since then, Harry Kane has exploded into contention with a blaze of goals. Kane has 29 for the season and Hodgson chatted on Thursday with Spurs boss Mauricio Pochettino, who watched England work at the Tottenham training ground, near Enfield. ‘He is in sizzling form,’ said Rooney, who made his England debut at 17 and urged supporters to be gentle with the 21-year-old if he makes his debut in front of tonight’s sell-out crowd. ‘Give him room to breathe, rather than smothering him and demanding a lot off him at an early age when he hasn’t played for England yet. He is still in his first season in the Premier League. Let him continue doing what he’s doing. That’s the way to get the best out of him.’ Rooney believes Harry Kane (left) should be allowed room to develop as a player for England . Kane is in the England squad for the first-time in his career after a dazzling season at Tottenham . Daniel Sturridge pulled out of the squad earlier this week with an injury described by Hodgson on Thursday as a ‘small tear’ in a thigh muscle which he ‘couldn’t play though’. The England manager was keen to stress, however, that he considered Raheem Sterling to be among his options up front. Sterling is expected to start and be released after this game, spared Tuesday’s friendly in Italy because he has been nursing a toe injury. James Milner is carrying a knee problem and is also unlikely to play in both games. Ryan Bertrand could be called in. Hodgson’s priority is the competitive fixture, with England expected to win comfortably and extend their 100 per cent record in qualifying Group E against a team ranked 94th in the world. This will count against Kane’s chances of starting, as will Hodgson’s desire to have a genuine striker on the bench, to introduce and lift spirits if all does not go to plan against Lithuania, who will probably operate with limited ambition at Wembley. If it comes down to a straight fight between Welbeck and Kane for the right to partner Rooney, the England captain could always reach for the boxing gloves and lead them to the kitchen. Liverpool star Raheem Sterling is expected to start for the Three Lions at Wembley on Friday night . | Wayne Rooney has scored 46 goals in 101 appearances for England so far . Sir Bobby Charlton is England's all-time top goalscorer with 49 . England host Lithuania in their Euro 2016 qualifier on Friday night . |
From the text below, extract the year and the VR headset and the company that released it in the format {Year}-{Headset Name}-{Company} and place them in a bullet list | In 2016, HTC shipped its first units of the HTC Vive SteamVR headset. This marked the first major commercial release of sensor-based tracking, allowing for free movement of users within a defined space. A patent filed by Sony in 2017 showed they were developing a similar location tracking technology to the Vive for PlayStation VR, with the potential for the development of a wireless headset. In 2019, Oculus released the Oculus Rift S and a standalone headset, the Oculus Quest. These headsets utilized inside-out tracking compared to external outside-in tracking seen in previous generations of headsets. Later in 2019, Valve released the Valve Index. Notable features include a 130° field of view, off-ear headphones for immersion and comfort, open-handed controllers which allow for individual finger tracking, front facing cameras, and a front expansion slot meant for extensibility.
In 2020, Oculus released the Oculus Quest 2. Some new features include a sharper screen, reduced price, and increased performance. Facebook (which became Meta a year later) initially required user to log in with a Facebook account in order to use the new headset. In 2021 the Oculus Quest 2 accounted for 80% of all VR headsets sold. Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device developed by VRM Switzerland In 2021, EASA approved the first Virtual Reality based Flight Simulation Training Device. The device, for rotorcraft pilots, enhances safety by opening up the possibility of practicing risky maneuvers in a virtual environment. This addresses a key risk area in rotorcraft operations, where statistics show that around 20% of accidents occur during training flights.
In 2023, Sony released the Playstation VR2, a follow-up to their 2016 headset. Playstation VR2 comes with inside-out tracking, higher-resolution displays, controllers with adaptive triggers and haptic feedback, and a wider field-of-view. | 2016 - HTC Vive SteamVR - HTC
2019 - Oculus Rift S - Oculus
2019 - Oculus Quest - Oculus
2019 - Valve Index - Valve
2020 - Oculus Quest 2 - Oculus
2021 - Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device - VRM Switzerland
2023 - Playstation VR2 - Sony |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Willie Mullins has turned the OLBG Mares’ Hurdle into a one-man show. The Irish trainer would have won it with Annie Power had she not stumbled at the final fence and thrown off Ruby Walsh but still ended up lifting the prize with stablemate Glens Melody. That makes it seven wins running, Mullins having lifted the prize for the last six seasons with another record-breaker in Quevega before she retired to stud. Glens Melody capitalises on Annie Power's fall to win the OLBG Mares’ Hurdle . It will be a shame if Mullins’ total domination of day one overshadows the first Festival win of trainer Neil Mulholland courtesy of The Druids Nephew in the Ultima Business Solutions Handicap Chase. Mulholland, who runs The Young Master in this afternoon’s RSA Chase, is a trainer going places and now has the Grand National in his sights for The Druids Nephew, who won under Barry Geraghty. There was no redemption for last year’s unlucky Champion Hurdle third The New One, who could only manage fifth this time around. Jockey Sam Twiston-Davies was adamant that his mount was not himself, describing the feel he gave him as ‘not like him’. His father trainer Nigel will begin a retrieval mission next week but I wonder if Tuesday’s run means The New One will be over fences next season. Jockey Sam Twiston-Davies (above) was adamant that his mount The New One was not himself . Irish trainer Gordon Elliott is more established than Neil Mulholland but his efforts in plotting a route back to the Festival with his National Hunt Chase winner Cause of Causes also deserves praise. The gelding was second at the meeting last year and had run only three times since with his novice status preserved. Elliott also set up a 64th birthday winner for owner JP McManus. The final race of day one now has the less than snappy name of the CHAPS Restaurant Barbados Novices’ Handicap Chase. Quite a mouthful but Welsh trainer Rebecca Curtis is hoping that might work in her favour after Irish Cavalier won for owner Andrew McIver and gave jockey Paul Townend his second win of the day. Admitting she had never visited the island, Curtis said: ‘Maybe Andrew will take me there now.’ | Glens Melody makes it seven wins running in OLBG Mares’ Hurdle . Trainer Neil Mulholland picks up first Cheltenham Festival win . CLICK HERE to see how day one of Cheltenham Festival unfolded . READ: Cheltenham Festival 2015 racing tips day two . READ: AP McCoy dreaming of fairy tale ending with Gold Cup glory . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Former New England Patriots star Aaron Hernandez was seen 'messing with' the security camera in his basement the day after the Odin Lloyd was killed one of his maids testified in court on Tuesday. He also exchanged text messages with the man he is charged with murdering in the hours before the killing took place according to cell phone records shown in court on Tuesday. Raymond MacDonald, a T-Mobile employee, testified that the messages from Hernandez were on the cell phone of Lloyd, whose bullet-ridden body was found in an industrial park near Hernandez's home in North Attleborough, Massachusetts, on June 17, 2013. The texts appear to have been deleted from Hernandez's phone some time after they were sent to Lloyd. Scroll down for video . A T-Mobile employee testified on Tuesday in the Aaron Hernandez trial (above) that Hernandez and the victim exchanged text messages the night he was killed . Glaucia Santos said Tuesday that she was cleaning a bathroom when she heard Hernandez enter, at which point she saw him touching the camera . Meanwhile, Glaucia Santos said Tuesday that she was cleaning a bathroom when she heard Hernandez enter, at which point she saw him touching the camera, which is located on the basement's family room ceiling. Bristol County Assistant District Attorney Patrick Bomberg showed Lloyd's phone in Massachusetts Superior Court in Fall River, Massachusetts, and asked MacDonald to read text messages sent from a number identified as Hernandez's. On the night of June 16, Hernandez texted Lloyd; 'imma hit u when i'm dat way like Las time.' After midnight on June 17, Loyd texted back: 'We still on.' A few hours later, prosecutors say, Hernandez and two friends, Ernest Wallace and Carlos Ortiz, picked up Lloyd at his Boston home and drove him to the industrial park where he was later shot dead. The records also showed calls to Lloyd's phone from Wallace's number, and do not show any further calls or texts from Lloyd's phone after 3:23am on June 17. Hernandez, 25, had a $41 million contract with the New England Patriots when he was arrested for Lloyd's murder in June 2013, but was dropped him from the team hours after his arrest. Wallace and Ortiz will be tried separately. All three men have pleaded not guilty. During the testimony, Hernandez leaned over to speak with his attorney at one point . Lloyd, 27, was a semi-professional football player who was dating the sister of Hernandez's fiancee. The sister testified earlier that the men were in the early stages of a friendship and smoked marijuana together, but were not close. Defense attorneys have argued Hernandez and Lloyd were good friends, and that Hernandez would never have shot him. Defense attorneys, meanwhile, filed a motion to prevent jurors from hearing about a civil suit filed by a former friend of Hernandez, Alexander Bradley, who claimed Hernandez shot him in the face after an argument in Florida in 2013. Prosecutors want Associate Justice Susan Garsh to allow the jury to hear about that case, arguing it refutes the defense team's assertion Hernandez would not shoot a friend. | A T-Mobile employee testified on Tuesday in the Aaron Hernandez trial that Hernandez and the victim exchanged text messages the night he was killed . Hernandez allegedly deleted the texts after sending them, though they were still on the phone of the murder victim, Odin Lloyd . Hernandez texted Lloyd just hours before he was killed that he would see him when he was 'up that way' Lloyd texted Hernandez shortly after midnight asking if they were still on . There were no calls or texts made from Lloyd's phone after 3am, which is the time prosecutors allege Hernandez murdered him . |
Who is the Buhler Group | The Bühler Holding AG is a Swiss multinational plant equipment manufacturer based in Uzwil, Switzerland. It is known for plant and equipment and related services for processing foods and manufacturing advanced materials. The organization holds leading market positions worldwide in the fields of technology as well as processes for transforming grain into flour and animal feeds, producing pasta and chocolate, and manufacturing die cast components. The core technologies of the Group are in the field of mechanical and thermal process engineering.
Bühler Group operates in over 140 countries, has a global payroll of 12,490, 30 manufacturing sites worldwide and generated revenues of CHF 2,70 billion in 2021. | The Buhler Holding AG is a Swiss multinational plant equipment manufacturer based in Uzwil, Switzerland. It is known for plant and equipment and related services for processing foods and manufacturing advanced materials. The organization holds leading market positions worldwide in the fields of technology as well as processes for transforming grain into flour and animal feeds, producing pasta and chocolate, and manufacturing die cast components. The core technologies of the Group are in the field of mechanical and thermal process engineering. |
Given this paragraph, what is an important function of the London Assembly? | The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. | A important function of the London Assembly is to scrutinise the mayor's decisions and accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. |
When did Videotron withdraw from the Cable Television Standards Council (CTSC)? | The Cable Television Standards Council of Canada was an independent organization established by the Canadian cable television industry to administer Standards, Codes and Guidelines that ensure high standards of customer service. In February 2002, Vidéotron withdrew from the CTSC . Later that year, effective December 1, Shaw also withdrew . "The CTSC dealt with complaints with respect to cable service, such as concerns about quality of service and billing until 12 April 2006, when this organisation ceased operation. Since then, complaints filed with the Commission about quality of service and billing are forwarded to the appropriate licensee [that is a cable company] for resolution." | Videotron withdrew from the Cable Television Standards Council in February 2002. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mardy Fish made an impressive return to the tour after an 18-month absence but fell just short against fellow American Ryan Harrison in the first round of the BNP Paribas Open on Thursday. Former world No 7 Fish battled for two hours and 36 minutes before losing to fellow American Harrison, 6-4, 4-6, 7-6 (3). Fish had two match points at 15-40 in the 10th game of the third set, but Harrison wiggled free. After both held serve to force the tiebreak, Harrison won three points in a row to go up 5-2. Fish's double fault gave Harrison match point and the 22-year-old closed it out with an ace. Mardy Fish made his return to the tour in Indian Wells on Thursday after an 18-month absence . Ryan Harrison hits a backhand volley on his way to a three-set victory against fellow American Fish . Fish, 33, had not played on the ATP Tour since August 2013 because of heart problems that have plagued him since March 2012. A finalist in 2008, when he lost to Novak Djokovic, Fish said that despite the long layoff the loss to Harrison 'stings a little bit'. But there were positives. 'I've worked really hard in the past 3 1/2 months to get back in shape,' Fish said, 'So, I don't have any issues sort of during a match or after a match. 'I worked extremely hard to put myself in the best position to not have to worry about things when I was out there - if I was out of shape or if I didn't feel well or if it was going to be a long match or a hot match or something like that, when a lot more things creep into your head.' Fish chases out to his left to reach for the return in his first-round match at the BNP Paribas Open . Harrison ends up on his back during one point but later progresses to the second round in Indian Wells . American wildcard Tim Smyczek was among those advancing as the men began play on Thursday, but two-time champion Daniela Hantuchova was among those eliminated on the second day of women's action. The 2002 and 2007 winner was a 6-4, 1-6, 6-3 loser to Klara Koukalova of the Czech Republic. Vera Zvonareva, the 2009 champion, also lost, 6-1, 6-1 to qualifier Polona Hercog of Slovakia, and Chinese qualifier Lin Zhu ousted 2010 French Open champion Francesca Schiavone of Italy. The men will conclude their first round on Friday, while the women begin second round play, highlighted by Serena Williams's return after a 14-year absence. Williams will face Monica Niculescu of Romania on Friday night. Daniela Hantuchova hits a forehand during her three-set loss to Klara Koukalova on Thursday . Serena Williams speaks to the media during a press conference at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden . | Mardy Fish made his return to the ATP Tour after an 18-month absence . The former world No 7 had been absent due to heart problems . Fish lost 6-4, 4-6, 7-6 (3) in the first round to Ryan Harrison . |
what is Financial centre | A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[ | A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services.
The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong.
The City of London (the "Square Mile") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world.
International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Good Samaritan van driver is fighting for life in hospital today after being dragged along a motorway by an opportunist thief he had tried to help. The 28-year-old victim stopped his VW Caddy van after seeing a lorry had overturned on the M602 motorway near Salford, Greater Manchester, at 8.30am yesterday. He got out on the hard shoulder - leaving his keys in his ignition - and walked over to see if he could help him. Good Samaritan: The driver stopped to help the driver of this overturned lorry but they then stole his van and dragged him along a motorway leaving him critically ill . Attack: The van driver is in a critical condition after the incident on the M602 motorway near Salford, pictured, . But the lorry driver then jumped in to the man's VW and drove away, prompting the stunned victim to desperately cling on to his van. Greater Manchester Police revealed the van driver is in a 'critical condition' in hospital with severe head injuries after being dragged 'some distance' down the M602 before falling off. Detectives are questioning a 43-year-old man, believed to be the lorry driver, on suspicion of attempted murder. But they are appealing for any eye-witnesses and said the white VW Caddy was driven onto the M60 towards Stockport and remains missing. A Greater Manchester Police spokesman said: 'At around 8.30am on Sunday March 1 a lorry overturned on the Warrington-bound M602 slip road just outside Salford. 'The 28-year-old victim pulled his VW Caddy van over to the hard shoulder, thinking that he would be able to assist the driver of the lorry. 'He left his keys in the ignition as he went to help, only for the lorry driver to jump into his van and drive off, with the victim still clinging to the vehicle. 'The victim was dragged for some distance along the motorway before he fell off and sustained serious head injuries.' Appeal: Police are yet to find the stolen white VW Caddy, file picture, which has the registration number DY14 FPN . Detective Sergeant Julie Connor from Salford CID said: 'The injured man is in a critical condition at hospital. 'We are keen to trace anyone who witnessed this incident and to recover the stolen VW Caddy van registration number DY14 FPN'. Anyone with information is asked to call Salford CID on 0161 856 5351 quoting log number 723. Or witnesses can call 101 or Crimestoppers, anonymously, on 0800 555 111. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Victim, 28, is critically ill with serious head injuries after incident yesterday . He had stopped when he saw an overturned van on the M602 near Salford . Man he stopped to help jumped into his van and he managed to cling on . Police say he was dragged considerable distance along the motorway . Detectives are questioning 43-year-old on suspicion of attempted murder . Officers want to trace VW Caddy van with registration number DY14 FPN . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Nico Rosberg must reinvent himself in order to challenge Lewis Hamilton for this year's Formula One championship, according to Damon Hill. Rosberg lost out to Hamilton at last season's title decider in Abu Dhabi, with the Briton storming to the chequered flag as his Mercedes team-mate encountered technical gremlins. It marked Hamilton's 11th victory of the campaign, six more than Rosberg. The Mercedes pair are set to go toe-to-toe for this year's championship once more, with the Brackley-based outfit appearing to boast the strongest package ahead of Sunday's curtain raiser in Melbourne. Nico Rosberg needs a reinvention if he is to challenge Mercedes team-mate Lewis Hamilton, says Damon Hill . Hamilton roared to championship victory in 2014 with 11 race victories to his rival team-mate's six . Hamilton (left) and Rosberg come together following their final race of a tumultuous season last year . Rosberg has a more subtle skill set than his formidable team-mate Hamilton, says Hill . And Hill, the 1996 world champion, believes Rosberg has to improve on his displays of last season to stand any chance of stopping Hamilton from claiming back-to-back titles. 'Nico has talents that are slightly more subtle and less obvious than Lewis, but I think he is going to have to invent a new Nico to counter his team-mate,' said Hill. 'If you look at the strike-rate of Lewis's wins in comparison to Nico, that was pretty formidable really. Does it change that much and can it change that much over the winter? 'It can, but politically now Nico had an opportunity last year to establish himself as the guy that the team wants to invest in, but Lewis really captured that with the biggest prize going. 'The championship was delivered by Lewis, so he is clearly someone, if Mercedes have to hedge one way or the other, then they will go for Lewis.' Hamilton will begin the new campaign as the favourite to claim his third championship. But does Hill believe there is any danger that the Briton, whose celebrity status outside Formula One continues to grow following a number of showbiz appearances during the off season, will take his eye off the ball? 'You never know with Lewis,' he admitted. 'He keeps us guessing and it would be easy to take some of the signals he puts out as being slightly distracted by other things. Hamilton will begin the new Formula One campaign as the favourite to claim his third championship . Star power: Some read Hamilton's glitzy lifestyle - here he (second left) poses during Paris Fashion Week with celebrities (from left) Jared Leto, Kanye West, Olivier Rousteing, Kim Kardashian - as a distraction . 'But he knows what he is doing when he gets in the car and why he is there. He has got so much confidence in his own ability. 'I can't see him getting propely distracted. He wanted to do this all of his life and I think now he has got the ball rolling he wants to win. He can see the prizes, he collects his trophies and is very proud of his success and he still talks as if he is stunned by his own success. He will be very difficult to beat this year.' Sky Sports F1® is the only place fans can watch all 20 Grand Prix weekends live across TV, Sky Go and NOW TV . | Lewis Hamilton won 11 races in 2014 ahead of Nico Rosberg's six . Former world champion Damon Hill said Hamilton remains formidable . The 1996 title winner said Rosberg needs to change to beat the Brit . Hamilton goes into the season opener in Australia as favourite . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It was the match Martin O’Neill needed to win to convince the many doubters that this qualifying campaign is not destined to end in failure. For regardless of substitute Shane Long’s stoppage-time equaliser amid a frenzied finish, it was a performance and result which again raises more questions than answers. O’Neill will protest that the second-half display was better – it could not have been worse than their sorry first-half showing – but this was supposed to be the making of Ireland at the Aviva Stadium, a venue which is yet to produce any iconic nights for the boys in green. Substitute Shane Long celebrates his 90th-minute strike which secured a crucial draw for the Republic of Ireland in Dublin . Slawomir Peszko pounces on a mistake from Republic of Ireland left back Robbie Brady to score the opener in Dublin . Peszko races away to celebrate after his powerful left footed strike put Poland ahead in the 26th-minute . The Poland forward is mobbed by his team-mates following his crucial goal at the Aviva Stadium . The celebrations continue on the sideline following Peszko's first-half strike . Ireland (4-4-1-1): Given 5; Coleman 6, O'Shea 5.5, Wilson 6, Brady 4; Walters 5.5, Whelan 6 (Long 83), McCarthy 6, McGeady 5 (McClean 67, 5) Hoolahan 6; Keane 5.5 . Scorers: Long 90 . Bookings: Hoolahan, O’Shea, Coleman, Wilson, McCarthy . Poland (4-4-2): Fabianski 6; Olkowski 6.5, Glik 6, Szukała 6, Wawrzyniak 6; Peszko 7.5 (Kucharczyk 87), Krychowiak 6.5, Jodlowiec 7, Rybus 7; Milik 6 (Mila 83), Lewandowski 6 . Scorers: Peszko 26 . Bookings: Glik, Szukala, Peszko . Referee: Jonas Eriksson (Swe) Man of the match: Peszko . The Group D standings following Sunday night's draw in Dublin . But therein lay part of the problem, for those in green were outnumbered by the partisan Poles, who celebrated Slawomir Peszko’s first-half opener by firing scores of fluorescent red flares. Thanks to Long’s late intervention, however, Ireland’s hopes of automatic qualification have not gone up in smoke, for now at least. But scrutiny of O’Neill and Roy Keane’s expensive tenure will intensify. They trail table toppers Poland by three points with world champions Germany and Scotland two ahead. It is, you feel, now a shoot-out between Ireland and the Scots – who meet here in June – for the third-placed play-off berth. ‘Scotland now is very, very important. I think we will have to beat them. If the second-half showing is anything to go by then I think we’re capable of doing that,’ said O’Neill. ‘This might just prove an important point. We are still in the competition.’ Poland's Tomasz Jodlowiec tackles Republic of Ireland and Stoke City forward Jonathan Walters in the early stages of the contest . Republic of Ireland defender Marc Wilson (left) clashes with Poland's Maciej Rybus . Wes Hoolahan (left) and Poland midfielder Grzegorz Krychowiak speak to referee Jonas Eriksson . O’Neill admitted before the game that defeat would have ended their hopes of finishing in the top two places. Long’s last-gasp effort at least spared the manager that trauma, but his celebration of a ‘terrific’ second half which perhaps deserved more was misplaced. ‘We started off tentatively. We were a little bit nervous. We conceded a poor goal and that put us on the back foot,’ he reflected. ‘But our second-half performance was terrific. We deserved at least a draw and we could easily have won it. We bossed it. ‘We got the momentum going and the crowd stayed with us. So overall I’m pleased. ‘Whatever we may lack, courage and spirit are not among them. It’s no fluke we’ve scored late goals in three games.’ Veteran Republic of Ireland striker Robbie Keane (left) takes on Poland defender Kamil Glik . Poland fans light flares in the stands during their side's clash with the Republic of Ireland at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin . O’Neill had named an attacking line-up – at least in terms of personnel – but a 4-4-1-1 system did little to inspire an early offensive zeal. His decision to play winger Robbie Brady at left back was already looking like an error of judgment before the mistake which led to Poland’s breakthrough on 26 minutes. Surrendering possession on the fringe of his area, Brady could only watch in horror as Maciej Rybus and Peszko combined with the latter smashing beyond Shay Given. O’Neill’s response to an uninspiring half was to switch to 4-4-2 with Jonathan Walters – wasted on the right-hand side of midfield – moved forward to partner captain Robbie Keane. Republic of Ireland assistant coach Roy Keane watches on during his side's Euro 2016 qualifier clash in Dublin . Republic of Ireland and Everton right back Seamus Coleman (left) shields the ball from Jakub Wawrzyniak . Republic of Ireland midfielder Glenn Whelan takes a big tumble after he collided with Arkadiusz Milik . They would have been level but for the width of a post when Brady’s deflected centre spiralled above and beyond a panicked Lukasz Fabianski and cracked the woodwork on 52 minutes. But it was the introduction of substitute James McClean which sparked the revival. He burst down the left within moments of his arrival and landed a cross on the head of Keane whose cushioned nod bounced back off the post. McClean was again the provider for Seamus Coleman but the right back lashed woefully wide from 14 yards as the hosts poured forward in search of parity. And they had to wait until the second minute of injury-time for Long to pounce with a close-range poke when the ball dropped at his feet from Brady’s corner. The goal may have stolen a point, but O’Neill and his team still have a point to prove. | Slawomir Peszko fired Poland into the lead in the 26th-minute with a powerful left footed strike . Martin O'Neill's men improved dramatically in the second half . Substitute Shane Long pounced in added time to secure a crucial draw for his side . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Peter Moores is adamant Alastair Cook has recovered from losing the one-day captaincy and is ready to lead England forward in a run of 17 Tests in under a year. Cook was devastated to be axed from 50-over cricket on the brink of his first World Cup and has watched as England have struggled to improve without him under new captain Eoin Morgan. Yet Moores says his relationship with Cook is undamaged and they have been busy planning for their imminent three-Test series against the West Indies. England coach Peter Moores talks with Alex Hales during an England nets session in Adelaide on Saturday . 'I've spoken to Alastair quite a bit and he's in a good place,' said the England coach ahead of the do or die World Cup match against Bangladesh. 'He's outside of this and is able to plan for Test cricket. 'Our working relationship hasn't changed. He's been an international for a long time and he realises it's a tough business and things change. He's thrown his focus totally into the big Test cricket to come.' That Caribbean series follows this World Cup and begins a year of Test cricket that includes a home series against New Zealand and another Ashes before visits to the UAE to face Pakistan and then South Africa. Alastair Cook (left) was devastated to be axed from 50-over cricket on the brink of his first World Cup . Moores admitted that national selector James Whitaker has spoken to Jonathan Trott about a possible return to the Test side. England may face a West Indies side without Chris Gayle — expected to retire from international cricket after this World Cup — and many of their best players could take part in the Indian Premier League instead. England will therefore consider resting players because they have so much important cricket ahead of them, not least the establishing of what will have to be a new one-day side. Jimmy Anderson and Stuart Broad — prime candidates to be protected from burn-out — will both resist any attempts to force them to rest. National selector James Whitaker has spoken to Jonathan Trott (above) about a possible return to Test cricket . Anderson is four wickets away from overtaking Sir Ian Botham as England's leading Test wicket-taker and wants his family to join him for the first Test in Antigua in the hope he will reach the landmark there. Meanwhile, Moores on Sunday insisted he had no regrets about returning as England coach despite the huge pressure which comes with a poor showing at the World Cup. 'No regrets at all,' said Moores. 'I felt I could make a difference. We know we've been behind in the one-day format and have to get better.' Moores looks on as Stuart Broad bowls during his side's training session at St Peter's College in Adelaide . | Alastair Cook was axed from ODI cricket on the brink of his first World Cup . England have struggled to improve under new captain Eoin Morgan . England coach Peter Moores insists his relationship with Cook has not been damaged . England are gearing up for a do or die World Cup match with Bangladesh . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Scrum-half Ben Youngs has warned that England must be much more clinical next weekend against a France side capable of upsetting the party at Twickenham. Youngs was upbeat but also in realistic mood after Stuart Lancaster’s men defeated Scotland, acknowledging that England blew several chances in the first half. England had trailed 13-10 at the break so captain Chris Robshaw looked more relieved than anything else at the end as he raised the Calcutta Cup to cheers of approval from supporters. Those fans had certainly seemed worried when half-a-dozen first-half chances had gone begging. Ben Youngs runs with the ball as England won at Twickenham, but the margin could have been greater . Youngs was named man of the match but admitted that England will have to improve against France . VIDEO O2 Inside Line: England v Scotland match review . Lancaster’s men should have had a far better points tally but had two tries wiped out for forward passes. They also failed to finish off promising moves due to poor decision-making and last-gasp Scottish tackling. Leicester star Youngs said: ‘It was a crucial win and puts us in with a great chance of the title but we have to do the business against France here at Twickenham next Saturday. ‘We beat ourselves up a little bit and you can’t do that in Test rugby. We are disappointed we left a few tries and points out there. ‘To have so much of the ball, put them under so much pressure and go in at half-time losing was a real blow. We had a few words in the changing room and made sure we put things right. ‘Scotland are a very good team but we should have been more clinical in the first half.’ Teh scrum half celebrates with his front row, brother Tom (right), Dan Cole (left) and Joe Marler . Jack Nowell scored England's late try which put them top of the standings on points difference . Exeter wing Jack Nowell, whose late try ensured England went top of the Six Nations table, said: ‘I’ve not played in an England team where we created so many chances but let them slip by. ‘But the win has given us a real chance of getting our hands on the title. Now we have to get up for France — an even harder match. They’ll come to Twickenham with nothing to lose. ‘I was delighted to get that try at the end. I’d had a few openings during the game but for one reason or another the try did not come. So it was something of a relief at the end there.’ Scotland captain Greig Laidlaw admitted: ‘We had our chance when we led at half-time. After that we did not defend so well and England began to make us pay. ‘It’s another disappointing defeat but the lads will try to finish the tournament with a win over Ireland.’ | England beat Scotland 25-13 at Twickenham on Saturday . But Ben Youngs admitted after that Stuart Lancaster's side can be better . England wasted several good chances in the first half . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Defending champions India sealed their place in the World Cup knockout stages with a nervy run chase against West Indies in Perth. Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni helped to steer his team to a four-wicket victory in a low-scoring Pool B match. India, who bowled the Windies out for 182, therefore remain one of two unbeaten teams in the tournament - co-hosts New Zealand are the other - after scrambling the verdict with 10.5 overs to spare on a typically bouncy pitch at the WACA. Mahendra Singh Dhoni is congratulated by West Indies captain Chris Gayle after India's four-wicket win . The India captain hit an unbeaten knock of 45 as India chased down the target of 183 in the World Cup game . West Indies were hapless in the first 10 overs, after winning the toss on a glorious afternoon, and might have been bowled out even more cheaply but for four dropped catches by India and captain Jason Holder's second successive half-century from number nine. Dwayne Smith struggled badly against India's new-ball pair, eventually edging behind off Mohammad Shami (three for 35). Chris Gayle was out of sorts too, dropped twice and then holing out to a mis-pull off Shami - but not before a mix-up with Marlon Samuels saw the Windies number three run out for just two. Captain Denesh Ramdin could not halt the slide, aiming an expansive cover-drive to a swinging low full-toss first ball and instead edging on to Umesh Yadav. Lendl Simmons and Jonathan Carter almost doubled the score until the former fell pulling Mohit Sharma to deep backward-square. Darren Sammy was dropped by Ravindra Jadeja on five, when he mistimed a skier into the off-side ring off Mohit. India players celebrate after Mohamed Shami dismisses Darren Sammy of West Indies . Chris Gayle wasn't able to get into his stride on Friday, despite this unsuccessful appear from Shami . Andre Russell was soon gone instead, hitting Jadeja's first ball straight to long-off. But Sammy stayed long enough to help Holder (57) shepherd the Windies into powerplay, before he was caught-behind off the returning Shami. The captain struck four fours and three sixes from 64 balls but was last out, another hitting Jadeja to long-off, with almost six overs unused. Two wickets in an impressive new-ball spell from Jerome Taylor gave the Windies renewed hope, both openers going as Shikhar Dhawan was caught at second slip and Rohit Sharma edged an attempted drive behind. Virat Kohli threatened to shorten the chase until he hooked Russell into the hands of Samuels - and when Ajinkya Rahane went to a marginal DRS verdict, caught-behind off Kemar Roach, India had lost four wickets with more than 100 runs still needed. Suresh Raina struggled against the short ball before edging a cut behind off Smith's medium-pace, and the same tactic from Russell saw Jadeja pull Russell to a juggling Samuels. But Dhoni engineered an unbroken match-winning half-century stand with Ravi Ashwin and finished top-scorer with 45 not out in a curious contest which contained 47 extras. Virat Kohli drives the ball through the covers as he threatened to shorten the chase in Perth . | West Indies bowled out for disappointing 182 in World Cup game in Perth . India chase down total but lose six wickets on the way . Captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni steers team home with unbeaten knock (45) India advance to World Cup knockout stages after victory . |
Who is the 46th president of the United States? | From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
President of the
United States of America
Seal of the President of the United States.svg
Seal of the President of the United States
Flag of the President of the United States.svg
Flag of the President of the United States
Joe Biden presidential portrait.jpg
Incumbent
Joe Biden
since January 20, 2021
Executive branch of the U.S. government
Executive Office of the President
Style
Mr. President
(informal)
The Honorable
(formal)
His Excellency
(diplomatic)
Type
Head of state
Head of government
Abbreviation POTUS
Member of
Cabinet
Domestic Policy Council
National Economic Council
National Security Council
Residence White House
Seat Washington, D.C.
Appointer Electoral College
Term length Four years, renewable once
Constituting instrument Constitution of the United States
Inaugural holder George Washington
Formation March 4, 1789
(234 years ago)
Deputy Vice President of the United States
Salary $400,000 (annually)
Website whitehouse.gov
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of the
United States of America
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Federal Government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
Federalism
Other countriesAtlas
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The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America and the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and is the chairman of the presidential cabinet.
Joe Biden is the 46th and current president of the United States, in office since January 2021.
Eligibility and requirements
Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the constitution states for a person to serve as president must:
be a natural-born citizen of the United States. [note 1]
be at least thirty-five years old.
be a permanent resident in the United States for at least fourteen years.
Election process and presidential terms
The president is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term, along with the vice presidential candidate and the incumbent vice president of the United States. The presidential candidate or incumbent president must have at least 270 electoral college votes in order to win the election.
Under the Twenty-second amendment to the constitution prevents anyone from being elected president more than twice. This amendment was added after Franklin Roosevelt served four terms from 1933 until his death in 1945.
President-elect of the United States
The president-elect of the United States is the candidate who has won the United States presidential election and is awaiting inauguration to become the president.
Presidential inauguration
The United States Capitol Building, during the inauguration of Joe Biden, January 2021.
Joe Biden at his presidential inauguration as he takes the presidential office of office.
The president and vice president-elect immediately began their four-year team on inauguration day every four years on January 20. The original inauguration date was held on March 4, but was later changed in 1933.
Executive Office of the President
The Executive Office of the President consists of the offices and agencies that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the United States federal government. The office consists of several offices and agencies, such as the White House Office, the staff working directly for and reporting to the president, including White House staff, the National Security Council, and the Office of Management and Budget.
Presidential line of succession
If the president dies, reigns, or is impeached, the vice president will succeed the presidential office and duties. fifteen other federal government officials also rank in the succession of the president.
Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy were assassinated while in office. William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren G. Harding and Franklin Roosevelt died from illness while president. Calvin Coolidge became president, when Warren G. Harding died while in office.
Richard Nixon is the only U.S. president to have resigned from office.
Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, and Donald Trump are the only presidents to have been impeached. | The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America and the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is also the head of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and is the chairman of the presidential cabinet.
Joe Biden is the 46th and current president of the United States, in office since January 2021. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Mathieu Bastareaud and Thierry Dusautoir's imposing frames may not have delivered for France this Six Nations but they made the day of some young stars of the future on Wednesday. France have just one win from their three this tournament but will be looking to turn that around in Rome when they take on Italy, one of the two team's behind them on the table. Before they got down to business on Wednesday with their preparations ahead of their clash with Italy, Bastareaud, Dusautoir and Co showed their squad remains in good spirits with a pre-training session with local children in Marcoussis. Kids pile onto powerful France centre Mathieu Bastareaud during a training session in Marcoussis . Bastareaud play acts as the young stars of the future attempt to bring him down during a pre-training session . France's No 8 Damien Chouly joins the ruck as Les Bleus have some fun before getting down to business . France captain Thierry Dusautoir is all smiles as he towers over these youngsters . Flanker Dusautoir, finding some space among the children, will be hoping his side bounce back in Italy . Les Bleus enjoyed a jovial run with young players at their training base just south of Paris, which included kids struggling to bring down massive centre Bastareaud and Dusautoir appearing to enjoy his customary role of towering over all even more than usual. Once the fun was over though Philippe Saint-Andre was laying down the law as they prepared for their visit to Rome on Sunday where they'll be keen to add to their solitary win of the tournament. France, who are fourth behind Ireland, Wales and England, have been far from convincing so far this campaign, accounting only for Scotland 15-8 in their opening match. With losses back to back against Ireland and Wales - both by just seven points - they'll be eager to give fans a glimpse of the potential their coach is convinced they have at their disposal. France's prop Nicolas Mas spins a pass to his left during a jovial training run on Wednesday . Dusautoir smiles as the youngsters line up to shake his hand after their light-hearted run . Closer to their size was France scrum half Sebastien Tillous-Borde, who was recalled for the Wales loss . They will be expected to come away from Stadio Olimpico with maximum points, but their last two trips to Rome have ended in disappointment for France. After venting following the Wales defeat, Saint-Andre put his support behind his players this week, saying he had 'faith' in them to turn things around in Italy. 'The team has a lot of potential,' he said. 'Over the last two and half years we've learned a lot. I have a group of professionals, and a good team, but they need to maximise their potential. 'Saturday (against Wales), we were only at 70-80 per cent. As a coach, but also as a lover of rugby, I expect a lot more from this team. I have faith in this squad. 'They have the right values, and they are doing well as a squad. They need to do more on the pitch, as a team and individually. They need to take the initiative. 'But honestly, if we didn't believe in them, we'd have changed lots of players. On Sunday in Italy I expect a reaction because we have a squad with values and they will show it on Sunday.' Don't go above the horizontal! France's lock Yohann Maestri tackles a young players without the ball . Down to business, prop Nicolas Mas charges forward as training gets serious south of Paris . Dusautoir (left) and France head coach Philippe Saint Andre speak on the training pitch in Marcoussis . France show a united front as they gather ahead of their trip to Rome to take on Italy . They'll be doing it without winger Sofiane Guitoune, who's been ruled out with a hamstring injury picked up for Bordeaux-Begles in their defeat by Stade Francais at the weekend. It's a blow to Guitoune who got his first start in this Six Nations against Wales. He'll be replaced by Racing Metro's Marc Andreu. 'Disappointed to leave the team but a bit bothered by my hamstring which prevents me from being 100%. Supporting the team with all my heart,' Guitoune said on Twitter. | France go to Rome to face Italy in the RBS Six Nations on Sunday . On Wednesday, their training included a run with local children . Mathieu Bastareaud and Thierry Dusautoir among the stars to join in . France and Italy each have one win each, both against Scotland . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A British holidaymaker who was caught driving at 110mph on New Zealand’s west coast claims he was speeding because his father had diarrhoea. Peter Lee, 47, offered the excuse when a police officer stopped him for driving at nearly double the 60mph speed limit. Mr Lee, who has had bankruptcy proceedings in the UK, has been ordered to pay a fine of more than NZD$1,000 (about £500) or spend a short amount of time in jail. The incident involving a British holidaymaker comes after a series of crashes involving foreign drivers . Mr Lee, from Kent, was charged in New Zealand’s Queenstown District Court with dangerous driving on State Highway 6, near Hokitika, stuff.co.nz reported. Police said his claim that his father, a passenger, was ill with diarrhoea did not wash, and he was arrested and his rental car contract was cancelled. Mr Lee was in possession of £20 and NZD$365 (approximately £180) when he was arrested, and lawyer Sonia Vidal told court that his father was covering the costs of the trip. Judge Michael Crosbie said Mr Lee would be arrested at Auckland’s airport if a fine is imposed and he fails to pay it, stuff.co.nz reported. Mr Lee, from Kent, was stopped by police on Highway 6 on New Zealand's picturesque west coast . Mr Lee is scheduled to return to court tomorrow with enough funds to pay a fine. The judge told court: ‘I would be setting an untenable precedent if everyone on the road thought they could get away with a fine [for excessive speed]. There are already enough mixed messages out there about our roads or road abuse. ‘It should not be lost on him the maximum penalty is three months' jail. Unless he can make arrangements to pay he can go off to prison.’ A driver from Christchurch snatched car keys from a tourist who crossed the centre line at Lindis Pass . It comes as tourist drivers face greater scrutiny in New Zealand following a series of fatal crashes and confrontations with locals. Last week, a local motorist punched a tourist driver in the face in the town of Greymouth, leading police to urge residents not to take matters into their own hands, the New Zealand Herald reported. Police said the assault occurred for no reason at all. In recent weeks, locals have snatched car keys from at least four tourists who were accused of driving dangerously. In the latest incident, a foreign driver was filmed crossing the centre line in a rental car in the Lindis Pass, the Otago Daily Times reported. A Christchurch man who was following the tourist took his keys and showed the video to police, who ticketed the holidaymaker and had his rental contract revoked. | Police said Peter Lee's excuse that his father was ill did not wash . He was charged with dangerous driving on New Zealand's west coast . Judge ordered Mr Lee, from Kent, to come up with funds to pay a fine . If Mr Lee doesn't come up with the cash he will be sent to jail . New Zealanders fed up with tourist drivers after a series of crashes . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Colorado resident Bill Feldman was worried sick when his beloved dog went missing, so when he got a call from his neighbor hours later telling him that his pet was at his house, he was relieved. But then Mr Feldman learned that his pooch Henry has attacked a cat, and that his neighbor was not going to release him until all of the injured animal's veterinarian bills were paid in full, and then some. After five hours of tense ransom negotiations, Feldman called police to report that Henry was being held hostage. Scroll down for video . Dog-napped! Bill Feldman says his beloved rescue dog, Henry (pictured left and right), was held for ransom by a neighbor after running away from home and attacking a cat last month . Runaway: Henry, a black-and-white mix, took off from his owner's estate in Morrison, Colorado, last month . Four-legged troublemaker: The pooch reportedly got inside a nearby home, where he attacked the owner's cat . The rambunctious black-and-white pup took off from Feldman’s mansion located in the Denver suburb of Morrison last month. After attacking a neighbor's cat, the pooch found himself shut in behind a gate up a hill. Ironically, Feldman's pet, a rescue dog, was the inspiration behind his new invention: a wrist band that hooks up to a leash to keep pet owners' hands free during walks. After scouring the surrounding area in search of his missing dog, Feldman got the call that Henry has been detained by the neighbor for injuring his pet cat. ‘I said I’m so sorry for your cat and i volunteered to absolutely take care of the vet bills and he said, “Well, that’s good because you’re not going to get your dog back until all those vet bills are paid for,”’ Feldman told the station KDVR. The medical costs amounted to $325, but Feldman said his neighbor expected a bigger payout. Feldman, a US Navy veteran and a Maine native, launched his burgeoning business, Liberty Wristbands, last July featuring Henry as the face of the brand selling hands-free leash holders at $29.99 each. Corralled: Hours after Henry went missing, his owner got a call for a neighbor saying that he had his dog behind a gate up a hill . Inspiration: Ironically, Feldman credits Henry with inspiring him to invent a hands-free dog leash holder . Business idea: Feldman, a US Navy veteran, launched his business, Liberty Wristbands, last July featuring Henry as the face of the brand . Desperate to get his beloved company mascot back, Feldman called police for help. Responding officers were able to free the runaway pup and return him to his distraught owner. ‘Henry is my life,’ Feldman said. ‘I have no wife, no ex-wife, I have no kids.’ With the four-legged brand ambassador safely back home, Feldman has agreed to pay his neighbor's veterinary bills. The man's cat has since been released home. The cat owner has not been charge in Henry's abduction because he released him to Feldman. | Bill Feldman, the inventor of Liberty Wristband leash holder, says his neighbor tried to extort him after his dog, Henry, attacked the man's cat . Feldman offered to cover veterinarian bills totaling $325, but he claims the neighbor wanted more money . Dog owner called police and got them to rescue his pet from neighbor's yard . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Grand banqueting halls, opulent lobbies and vast ballrooms; you could easily be forgiven for thinking this was a collection of photographs was documenting some of Europe's grandest hotels. However, a closer look will reveal the majestic rooms to be engulfed in swathes of dust and moss; hotels that once hosted royals and high society abandoned to the elements. This is the latest result of urban exploration photography, going beyond 'no entry' signs to capture images of dilapidated buildings across Europe. IT worker Thomas Windisch, from Graz in Austria, started out looking at some of his own country's dilapidated hotels . This is one place in Austria you wouldn't want to stay in, although the bed might be nice and soft for you . This bathroom was obviously one of this Austrian hotel's more exquisite spots, but has been left to rot in a sad state of affairs . This room in Austria sums up the lonely, empty feeling of some of Europe's grandest abandoned hotels . IT worker Thomas Windisch, from Graz in Austria, indulged his passion for photography by travelling across the continent, visiting over 100 abandoned hotels along the way. Other photographs include a competition swimming pool, complete with viewing gallery and water slide but with not a drop of water in sight. A ballroom can also been seen scattered with rubble and shattered glass as well as a banqueting hall which doesn't look to have hosted any banquets or parties for many decades judging by the layer of dust that sweeps across its furniture. Thomas, 32, says some of the hotels he visited on his 12,000-mile journey of curiosity have been lying empty for over two decades. If you squint your eyes, you can almost believe this Italian hotel's banqueting hall to be a popular spot for rich tourists . The photographer went beyond 'no entry' signs to capture images of dilapidated buildings across Europe . Incredibly, the grand piano remains at this Austrian hotel, and you can imagine a little work could restore this venue . The photos show how much effort into interior designing has gone to waste as rooms are left to rot . At least there's plenty of power sockets! Abandoned hotels from Slovenia also feature in the eerie photo album . He said: 'Of course I saw some of the shots on the internet before but when I entered the locations for real, I just stood there for several minutes and was like 'Wow, this is amazing. 'It's pretty awesome to see areas of a hotel that are normally not accessible for guests and to understand how a big hotel works in the background. 'And of course, the decay and the reclaiming of these buildings by nature add a bit of a surreal and mystic touch which makes them unique and even more interesting.' IT worker Thomas Windisch describes how the abandoned hotels gave a 'surreal' feeling that produced a real wow factor . Windisch visited over 100 hotels across Europe as he searched for the spectacular clash of dilapidation and luxury . The bathroom of a honeymoon suite, would now be a thing of nightmares as oppose to a memory to treasure forever . This room appears a lot clearer of dust and decay than some of the others, but the German hotel has been closed for business . This sitting area in a German hotel has managed to stay mould-free, and looks like it might have some nice views . Although perhaps not to everyone's style, the purple tiling has remained well maintained at this Austrian site . | Thomas Windisch, from Graz in Austria, travelled across Europe, visiting over 100 abandoned hotels along the way . Some hotels have been left empty for more than 20-years, with decay leaving a surreal photo opportunity . Many of the hotels once hosted royals and high society, now a far cry in their current dilapidated states . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Adi Shankar had the idea for "Power/Rangers" when he was 7 years old. "This was before the Internet, and my access to TV and video games was pretty limited," the producer recalled Thursday, in the midst of the "Power/Rangers" frenzy. "So all you really had was (to) tell people stories. So I'd tell people 'Captain Planet' stories, and then I started telling them these dark 'Power Ranger' stories. "And I got into trouble," he added. "Because the parents were like, 'This guy, he's ruining our children!' " That was more than 20 years ago for Shankar. But the producer, now 30, got his wish when his dark version of the "Mighty Morphin Power Rangers," directed by friend Joseph Kahn, made it online -- and proceeded to rack up more than 11 million views on YouTube in less than two days. Fans buzzing over bloody 'Power/Rangers' 'bootleg' In some ways, Shankar is still getting into trouble. Not only did the video explode the Power Rangers mythology, showing the impact of serving as "child soldiers," in Shankar's phrase, but the video became a legal football after the owner of the franchise, Saban Entertainment, claimed infringement. First it was taken down from Vimeo and then YouTube. However, it was reposted in both places late Friday after lawyers reached agreement, Deadline reported. Among the additions: a disclaimer from Shankar that his "bootleg" is "my take on the FAN FILM. Not a pilot, not a series, not for profit, strictly for exhibition. This is a bootleg experiment not affiliated or endorsed by Saban Entertainment or Lionsgate nor is it selling any product. I claim no rights to any of the characters (don't send me any money, not kickstarted, this film is free)." Saban Entertainment has its own plans to reboot the popular '90s franchise with a theatrical film scheduled for 2016. 'An interesting experiment' So who are these guys, anyway? Kahn is a famed music video director, probably best known for Britney Spears' "Toxic," Eminem's "Without Me" (for which he won a Grammy) and Taylor Swift's "Blank Space." He's also handled a number of commercials and the films "Detention" and "Torque." Shankar is a producer of such films as "The Grey," "Killing Them Softly" and "Dredd." This isn't the first time he's made a "bootleg" short. Previous videos have included one featuring Marvel's Punisher character and one drawing from Marvel's Venom character. In a Reddit AMA, Kahn said that "Power/Rangers" was "self-funded." A special effects house, Ingenuity Engine, "worked six months on this and took a bath financially," he added. Shankar declined to give a budget for "Power/Rangers," which was shot over a few days last year, but says it was mainly financed through favors and the principals' money. "It was all favors," he says, noting that star James Van Der Beek "is one of my best friends." The film also starred "Battlestar Galactica's" Katee Sackhoff. Both Shankar and Kahn like to subvert concepts and cliches. Kahn said he was drawn to "Power/Rangers" because "it was an interesting experiment to play with reboot culture and tone control. ... I didn't come into it to please a fan base, per se, but to experiment with pop culture." And Shankar? Even his look tries to upset stereotypes. In the video he made to explain "Power/Rangers," he's wearing eye makeup like the 1970s Alice Cooper, a look he adopted "because I don't want to be (an Indian) stereotype," he told CNN. 'Kind of a war brewing' Shankar comes by his outlook honestly. The Indian-born producer had an itinerant childhood thanks to his father's job, traveling frequently -- various Indian cities, China, Singapore -- before moving on to the next place. He came to the United States at 16. He says he thinks of his childhood as "jarring," with the only constants comic books, movies and television. "Just moving around so much, literally every two years," he said. "I didn't feel like I had a friend until I was 18. If you're moving to a different school, let alone a different country every couple years, it's kind of jarring as a kid. There was no consistency for me in a cultural context" except for American movies and pop culture. He attended school at Northwestern University in Chicago, where he founded a successful ad agency, and then moved to Hollywood, which he describes as "a dream of mine." Though both men were successful before, "Power/Rangers" has given them new visibility -- partly thanks to the bottom-up enthusiasm for the project. Both filmmakers wax philosophical about the impact. "Internet changes things," Kahn tweeted after congratulating supporters. "New world, new rules." Shankar observes that "Power/Rangers" is just another marker in a continuing debate between creativity, intellectual property and fan-driven culture. "There's kind of a war brewing between the old world and the new world," he said. "The Internet has kind of been a nuclear warhead on a lot of businesses and a lot of industries. ... It's kind of bizarre to be thrown in the middle of it. I'm literally just a fan making a fan video." It's not about dollars and cents, he added: "Is that what we're about? We're one massive consumerist mosh pit?" In the meantime, he's got plenty of other projects cooking, including a crime thriller set in a world of both puppets and humans that's like "a really dark, violent 'Muppet Movie.' " It all comes down to the same impulse that drove him to tell stories when he was 7, he says. "I'm just a creative dude," he said. | "Power/Rangers" became an Internet craze last week . Its producer and director like to subvert pop culture ideas . The film was a legal football for a time, highlighting creativity and financial issues . |
From which countries is the aurora australis visible? | An aurora (pl: auroras or aurorae), also commonly known as the polar lights, is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic). Auroras display dynamic patterns of brilliant lights that appear as curtains, rays, spirals, or dynamic flickers covering the entire sky.
Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by the solar wind. Major disturbances result from enhancements in the speed of the solar wind from coronal holes and coronal mass ejections. These disturbances alter the trajectories of charged particles in the magnetospheric plasma. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles.
In northern latitudes, the effect is known as the aurora borealis or the northern lights. The former term was coined by Galileo in 1619, from the Roman goddess of the dawn and the Greek name for the north wind. The southern counterpart, the aurora australis or the southern lights, has features almost identical to the aurora borealis and changes simultaneously with changes in the northern auroral zone. The aurora australis is visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. The aurora borealis is visible from areas around the Arctic such as Alaska, the Canadian Territories, Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Siberia. On rare occasions the aurora borealis can be seen as far south as the Mediterranean and the southern states of the US. | The aurora australis is visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia. |
Provide a short summary of Ian Leslie Campbell's first three books. | Ian Leslie Campbell (born 22 February 1945) is a British historian specialising in Ethiopia with a focus on the Italian occupation of Ethiopia. During his career, he worked together with Ethiopianist Richard Pankhurst.
His first book on Italian colonialism in Ethiopia is The Plot to Kill Graziani (Addis Ababa University Press in 2010), an analysis of the assassination attempt on Rodolfo Graziani that took place on 19 February 1937. The Plot to Kill Graziani was declared Ethiopian Book of the Year by Richard Pankhurst, presented by the Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation, and featured in Eland's travel series, Ethiopia Through Writers' Eyes.
His second book, The Massacre of Debre Libanos (AAU Press, 2014), reports the massacre of members of the Ethiopian Coptic Church in the monastery village of Debre Libanos in Italian East Africa between 21 and 29 May 1937. Campbell's findings were featured in the Italian documentaries Debre Libanos and If Only I Were That Warrior.
His third book is The Addis Ababa Massacre (Hurst, London & Oxford University Press, New York, 2017), an account of the atrocities following the attack on Rodolfo Graziani referred to as Yekatit 12. The book got recognition from a spectrum of international reviewers, and in 2018 became available in an Italian edition, Il massacro di Addis Abeba (Rizzoli, 2018), raising a debate in Italy about the responsibilities of Italian colonialism. | Ian Leslie Campbells first three books were "The Plot to Kill Graziani", "The Massacre of Debre Libanos", and "The Addis Ababa Massacre". Each of the books are about violent attacks on people. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two people were shot Saturday at a nightclub party in Charlotte, North Carolina, featuring rappers T.I., Young Jeezy and Yo Gotti. Both victims are expected to survive, the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department said in a news release. Police are searching for a suspect. "Preliminary information and evidence gathered on the scene indicates that an unidentified suspect fired several shots from inside the club striking the two victims," Charlotte police said in a news release. "This is an ongoing, active investigation." The shooting occurred around 7 p.m. at the Label nightclub, which is part of the popular N.C. Music Factory Complex. The nightclub was hosting a series of parties to celebrate the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association basketball tournament. The club reopened a few hours later for a P. Diddy concert. "We feel the security is adequate to avoid an additional incident, and we want to make sure that the patrons enjoy the tournament weekend," Label attorney Ken Harris told CNN affiliate WSOC. "There is always a very high level of security at Label." CNN's Joe Sutton contributed to this report. | Both people shot at the nightclub Label in Charlotte are expected to survive . The club reopens a few hours later for a P. Diddy concert . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | In England there are fascinating landmarks and legends to be found around every corner, many of which were left by Roman settlers hundreds of years ago. We round up some of the best places for a spot of time-travelling. City of London . It has changed a little since Roman times, but everything from street bollards to the Roman ruins tucked underneath medieval landmarks is unique to this part of the city . With its own flag, crest and lord mayor, the square mile that makes up the City of London is distinctively different from the rest of the capital. Everything from the street bollards to the Roman ruins tucked underneath medieval landmarks is unique to this part of the city. Take the amphitheatre, for example – a 2,000-year-old ruin beneath the Guildhall. Wander around the ragstone remains brought to life by futuristic light displays, and learn all about the gory battles and public executions that took place here centuries ago. Then travel forwards in time, admiring pre-Raphaelite masterpieces by Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Edward Poynter in the Guildhall Art Gallery. York . York Minster is not only the largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe, but also famous for its colossal, ornately designed stained-glass windows . With York Minster looming over the narrow streets or ‘Snickelways’ lined with crooked Tudor buildings now housing boutiques, York is one of those cities that take you back centuries. The Minster deserves a second mention, not just because it is the largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe, but also for its colossal, ornately designed stained-glass windows. Get there early to bask in ruby-and emerald-hued sunlight and admire the heavenly limestone arches. Hadrian’s Wall . Pull on your hiking boots and step aboard the AD 122 (named after the date the wall was first constructed) from outside Newcastle Central Station. Recreating a battle scene at Hadrian's Wall - you can catch the aptly-named AD 122 bus outside Newcastle Central Station to explore key sections of the wall between Newcastle and Carlisle . This bus allows you to hop on and off at key sections of the wall between Newcastle and Carlisle. We recommend starting your mini Roman ramble by stopping at Chesters Roman Fort, which takes just an hour to reach by bus. Here you’ll come across one of the wall’s largest and best preserved bath houses next to the North Tyne River. Sit in the hot plunge bath and even peep into the niches, or ‘lockers’. Don’t worry – you won’t find any Roman togas lurking! Battle . This town in East Sussex was the scene of the battle that changed the course of English history for ever. Four years after his victory in 1066, William the Conqueror constructed Battle Abbey as a symbol of penance. Battle Abbey was constructed by William the Conqueror in 1070 as a symbol of penance . Today, you can explore the dramatic ruins and the battlefield on an audio tour and stand on the exact spot where King Harold was famously shot in the eye. As much as we enjoy hearing tales of ancient bloodshed, there’s more to East Sussex than warfare. Nearby Hastings has a beautifully preserved Old Town (home to the biggest beach-launched fishing fleet in Britain) and the Jerwood Gallery, with its impressive collection of British art. And if you’re looking for somewhere to stay, English Country Cottages offers a hand-picked collection of historic houses, including Blue Plaque buildings and period properties, all with the comforts of home. For more heritage holidays, go to visitengland.com. | Fascinating landmarks and legends to be found around every corner in UK . Battle Abbey was constructed by William the Conqueror in 1070 . Roman ruins tucked underneath medieval landmarks in the City of London . Catch the AD 122 from Newcastle station and discover Hadrian's Wall . |
In YAML tell me a list of teams mentioned in the text. It should be in the form `location: ${location}`, `mascot: ${mascot}` | The Dallas Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tying it with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos for second-most Super Bowl appearances in history behind the New England Patriots' record 11 appearances. The Cowboys have won eight NFC championships, the most in the conference's history. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (from 1966 to 1985) during which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984). | - location: Dallas
mascot: Cowboys
- location: Pittsburgh
mascot: Steelers
- location: Denver
mascot: Broncos
- location: New England
mascot: Patriots |
To which town in the UK did the Ford Motor Company relocate to in 1931? | In 1931 the Ford Motor Company relocated from Trafford Park in Manchester, to a larger new plant in Dagenham, which was already the location of supplier Briggs Motorway Bodies. A 500-acre (200 ha) riverside site was developed to become Europe's largest car plant, a vast vertically integrated site with its own blast furnaces and power station, importing iron ore and exporting finished vehicles. By the 1950s Ford had taken over Briggs at Dagenham and its other sites at Doncaster, Southampton, Croydon and Romford. At its peak the Dagenham plant had 4,000,000 square feet (370,000 m2) of floor space and employed over 40,000 people, although this number gradually fell during the final three decades of the 20th century as production methods advanced and Ford invested in other European factories as well. Some of Britain's best selling cars, including the Fiesta, Escort, Cortina and Sierra, were produced at the plant over the next 71 years. | Dagenham |
Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced. | Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary film Housewife and the Shah Shocker, which premiered on Hulu in November that same year. In July 2022, Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. Shah began her prison sentence the following month. | Jen Shah came into the spotlight in November 2020 when The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City aired. In March 2021 she was charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering as well as wire fraud. She pled not guilty, but then come July 2022 she plead guilty to commit wire fraud. January of 2023 she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison and her sentence began in February. |
Given this paragraph about the Women's Education Association, which institutions of higher learning had affiliations with the Association? | The aid of the Association was also given to the formation of a class of women for the study of advanced chemistry at the laboratory of the Girls' High School. This class was found to meet so great a want that a chemical laboratory has been fitted up in connection with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and furnished by money collected by the association with apparatus and instruments, such as microscopes, spectroscopes, &c. From time to time pecuniary aid has also been given to young women seeking an advanced education. But the chief work of the Association —the first undertaken and still carried on under its charge- is a plan of examinations known as the Harvard Examinations for Women. These originated in a desire to raise the standard of education in the schools for girls, and are held under the personal supervision of members of the Association. Examination papers, prepared by Professors at Harvard University, are provided by the Association, and those women who successfully pass this examination receive a certificate from the university stating the fact. Branch societies have been established in New York City, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati for the same purpose. | The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University |
Who is Muhammad Ejaz Shafi | Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018.
Early life and education
He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur.
He has the degree of the Bachelor of Arts.
Political career
He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 22,531 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Awami Tehrik.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 24,751 votes and defeated a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party.
He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from Constituency PP-290 (Rahimyar Khan-VI) in 2013 Pakistani general election. | Muhammad Ejaz Shafi is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from 2002 to May 2018. He was born on 1 May 1969 in Khanpur. |
What does Pinot noir mean? | Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit. | Pinot noir is a red-wine grape. The name is a combination of the two french words for pine and black. |
Who tends to participates in hackathons? | A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest, datathon or codefest; a portmanteau of hacking and marathon) is an event where people engage in rapid and collaborative engineering over a relatively short period of time such as 24 or 48 hours. They are often run using agile software development practices, such as sprint-like design wherein computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering.
The goal of a hackathon is to create functioning software or hardware by the end of the event. Hackathons tend to have a specific focus, which can include the programming language used, the operating system, an application, an API, or the subject and the demographic group of the programmers. In other cases, there is no restriction on the type of software being created or the design of the new system. | Computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers, product managers, project managers, domain experts, and others tend to participate in hackathons.
They collaborate intensively on engineering projects, such as software engineering with the goal of creating functioning software or hardware by the end of the event. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two Australians held by Indonesian authorities for nearly a decade appear to be just days away from execution by firing squad. Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan, members of the so-called "Bali Nine" sentenced on drug smuggling charges, were transferred Wednesday from prison to a maximum security facility where they will be isolated before being put to death. Australia has repeatedly appealed for clemency for the pair. They have been jailed since April 2005 for a failed bid to smuggle more than 8 kilograms of heroin from Bali to Australia. OPINION: Why executions won't win Indonesia's drug war . Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott on Wednesday said "Australians are feeling sick in their guts at the prospect of execution for these two." "We abhor drug crime, but we abhor the death penalty. We think that these two Australians deserve to be punished, but they certainly don't deserve to be executed," he said. The Prime Minister said people should not let anger affect Australians' relationship with Indonesia. The two men will be given 72 hours notice of their impending appointment with a 12-member firing squad once they arrive on the island of Nusakambangan. But precisely when is unclear. They are among a number of people from different countries who are also scheduled for execution. The Bali Nine were arrested after Indonesian police received a tip from Australian Federal Police. Chan, 31, was called the ringleader of the plot, and Sukumaran was described as Chan's collaborator in the scheme. Seven other people who participated in the plan are serving lengthy prison sentences. Police caught four people at the Denpasar airport with more than 8 kilograms of heroin strapped to their bodies. Another four -- including Sukumaran -- were arrested at a hotel in the village of Kuta. Chan was detained after a boarding a plane to Sydney -- he wasn't carrying any drugs but was named by others as the mastermind of the plot. The Indonesian administrative court last week dismissed a case filed by lawyers of the two Australians against President Joko Widodo. The attorneys wanted a review of the president's decision to deny them clemency. Todung Mulya Lubis, who represents the pair, said a challenge had been submitted to the administrative court and lawyers were still waiting for a court summons. "There should be no execution as long as there is a legal process going on," Lubis said. Sukumaran and Chan have become model prisoners during their time behind bars, according to fellow inmates and the jail's chief warden. Sukumaran is studying fine arts and has set up a class for fellow inmates. Chan has found spirituality, which he uses to counsel inmates with drug problems. Their rehabilitation is genuine, Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop has said. "Andrew and Myuran are the model of what penal systems the world over long to achieve," Bishop told the Australian Parliament in February. Indonesia has long taken a tough line on drug smugglers, and Widodo has made it clear he doesn't intend to introduce a policy of leniency. In December, six prisoners were killed by firing squad, including five foreigners from Brazil, the Netherlands, Malawi, Nigeria and Vietnam. Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff issued a statement saying the execution of one of her countrymen had "severely affected" relations with Indonesia. CNN's Camille Feanny and Jennifer Deaton contributed to this report. | Australia PM: We hate drug crime, but we hate capital punishment, too . Prisoners will be notified 72 hours before execution is to take place . Two men to be shot are considered the leaders of failed heroin-smuggling plot . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Delhi (CNN)In an unusual public raid in India, thousands stormed a jail and dragged out a rape suspect before beating him to death on the streets, authorities said Friday. The 35-year-old suspect, who was described as an illegal immigrant from Bangladesh, died from severe injuries before officers could rescue him, said L.L. Doungal, a police official in the remote Nagaland state, where the attack occurred Thursday evening. "There were thousands of them. Many of them were students in uniform," Doungal said, referring to the mobs involved in the incident. The suspect was accused of raping a local woman last month. Since the attack, tensions have grown between the native Nagas and Bangladeshi migrants in the district, police said. Thousands of protesters demanding cancellation of trade permits for Bengali-speaking settlers tore into the prison complex Thursday and pulled out the suspect, Doungal said. Police initially used teargas and bamboo canes to rescue the man, but it didn't work, he said. "There were students in uniform. So, we had to use minimum force," Doungal added. Later, police opened fire, but it was too late to save the suspect. Protesters had planned a public hanging, but the suspect died from injuries in the attack, according to authorities. "We retrieved his body before it could be hung," Doungal said. Dimapur town has been placed under a curfew. "The situation is still volatile," he said. India made international headlines this month when it banned a documentary showing an interview with a convicted rapist, who blamed his victim and said she "should just be silent and allow the rape." Outrage has grown following the incident, which gives a window into the violence against women in the nation. The woman in the documentary incident was attacked by five men on a public bus in 2012. She later died from her injuries, sparking an outcry worldwide. New Delhi police said the interview was banned because of its potential to breed disorder. Filmmaker: India's ban on documentary is 'based on nothing' CNN's Faith Karimi contributed to this report . | The 35-year-old suspect was described as an illegal immigrant from Bangladesh . He was accused of raping a local woman last month . |
Based on the passage provided in which years the movie named 'A star is Born' was released? | A Star Is Born (1937 film), starring Janet Gaynor and Fredric March, directed by William A. Wellman
A Star Is Born (1954 film), starring Judy Garland and James Mason, directed by George Cukor
A Star Is Born (1976 film), starring Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson, directed by Frank Pierson
A Star Is Born (2018 film), starring Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper, directed by Bradley Cooper | 1937, 1954, 1976 and 2018. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Moscow (CNN)Four days after he was gunned down by an unknown assailant in the heart of Moscow, former Russian Deputy Prime Minister and outspoken Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov was laid to rest Tuesday in a ceremony attended by hundreds of mourners. His coffin was lowered into the ground at the Troyekurovskoe Cemetery before family, friends and dignitaries, after being carried in procession through Moscow. Mourners laid wreaths, some with ribbons in the colors of the Russian flag, reflecting tributes to a man whom supporters called a true Russian patriot. Earlier, a stream of people took part in a somber memorial service at the Sakharov Center in Moscow. Some held flowers as they filed past the open casket of the prominent Kremlin critic and paid respects to his mother, Dina Eydman, and his children Anton and Zhanna. Hundreds more lined up in the cold outside. Mikhail Kasyanov, a former prime minister under President Vladimir Putin who is now a leading opposition figure and worked closely with Nemtsov, was among the mourners to speak at the service. He said he believed Nemtsov, known for his outspoken views, was killed out of revenge for his politics. He also said he thought the killers would be brought to justice, under the next government of Russia if not the current one. The assassination has spawned a flood of conspiracy theories. Though politically marginalized in recent years, Nemtsov was one of Putin's most vocal critics, and many suspect the Kremlin of either direct or indirect involvement. Putin has vowed to bring those responsible to justice. No one has yet been arrested and authorities have put forward a number of theories, including that the murder was an act of "provocation" intended to destabilize Russia, that it was connected to the conflict in Ukraine, that Islamist extremists were involved or that it was linked to Nemtsov's international business affairs. The Moscow Investigative Committee said in a statement on its website Tuesday that "all scenarios" are being considered and that it is taking all necessary steps. "Eyewitness are being questioned, CCTV footage is already being analyzed. Evidence has been collected. A number of tests were carried out -- among them are ballistic, medical examination and trace evidence," it said. The memorial service was hosted by Pavel Sheremet, a Russian journalist known for leaving a Russian state TV channel in protest at the Kremlin's current policies on Ukraine. Other prominent Russian figures at the service included Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev's spokeswoman Natalya Timakova, and former Finance Minister Alexey Kudrin. Russian economist Yevgeny Yasin, who served as economy minister between 1994 and 1997 and is now an academic, said: "Nemtsov always said everything that others were afraid to say." Evgeniya Albats, editor-in-chief of The New Times magazine, described Nemtsov in a speech as an amazing friend and a fearless politician. She added, "This murder is impossible to forgive. It's on Putin's conscience." Foreign dignitaries included U.S. ambassador to Russia John Tefft, who said Nemtsov would be remembered as a Russian patriot, and former UK Prime Minister John Major. Major told CNN: "It's clearly a very sad day for Russians, it's a very sad day for Boris' family, and I'm personally extremely saddened by what has happened. "I knew him in the 1990s, I admired him, I admired what he stood for, and I hope now a thorough investigation will determine who is responsible for this outrage." The opposition politician was shot Friday night as he walked across a bridge about 100 meters (330 feet) from the Kremlin with his girlfriend, Ukrainian model Anna Duritskaya, 23. Duritskaya -- the only known witness to the shooting -- left Moscow for Kiev late on Monday. She had been staying at the apartment of an aide to Nemtsov under constant police guard. Her mother, Inna Duritskaya, told CNN on Monday that her daughter faces constant psychological pressure from Moscow authorities and fears she will be implicated in his death. The Moscow Investigative Committee said Duritskaya was not detained while in Moscow and that she was offered witness protection, which she turned down. Duritskaya was free to leave at any point but wanted to give her testimony and contribute to the investigation process, "understanding the important of it for the investigation," the statement said. "It is needless to state how important her testimony is." Edward Lucas, a senior editor for The Economist and a senior vice president at the Center for European Policy Analysis, told CNN that the manner of Nemtsov's death was highly suspicious. "The circumstances of his shooting point very much to official involvement," he said. "If it was some random, ragtag extremist militia from eastern Ukraine killing him, I doubt they would've been able to do it with such precision in the heart of Moscow." Lucas also said that the recent history of politically motivated killings in Russia suggested that the investigation would come to little. "One of the signal things that they all have in common is that they are not cleared up. We have a lot of bluster at the time of the death, promises of investigation, but either the culprits are never found or the culprits who are found are very unconvincing ones and the people who gave the orders are never identified." Meanwhile, he said, the Kremlin continues to pump out propaganda which suggests opposition activists or those critical of Russia's involvement in Ukraine are traitors to their country. Some of Nemtsov's supporters accuse the Kremlin, if not of direct involvement, of creating an atmosphere of hatred which fostered the killing. Not everyone who hoped to attend Nemtsov's funeral has been able to do so. Latvia's former foreign minister and European Parliament member Sandra Kalniete said she was denied entry to Russia on Monday night on spurious grounds. Speaking to CNN by phone from Moscow's Sheremetyevo International Airport, Kalniete said she was finally told she was refused entry "according to Russia's code of law regarding the defense and security of the Russian state and the general health of the public." She had intended to represent Latvia and the European People's Party -- the biggest parliamentary group in the European Parliament -- at the funeral, she said. "Like many I admired him, I admired his joyfulness and eloquence," Kalniete said. "My wish was not to cause any danger to Russia. I just wanted to go to pay tribute to a political personality, Boris Nemtsov." The European People's Party said it was the third time a member of the European Parliament had been stopped at the Russian border. Thousands of Nemtsov supporters gathered Sunday in Moscow to mourn the death of the 55-year-old, who was deputy prime minister during President Boris Yeltsin's administration in the 1990s. The event took place the same day Nemtsov was supposed to lead a rally in Moscow decrying Russia's policies on Ukraine. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said last weekend that Nemtsov was about to reveal information that would be damaging to Russian interests, Ukraine's state-run Ukrinform news agency reported. Putin condemned the killing and ordered three law enforcement agencies to investigate the shooting, the Kremlin said. The President also wrote to Nemtsov's mother, saying he shared her grief, and promised to bring those behind the killing to justice, the Kremlin said. Police said they are looking for a man with short hair who stands between 5 feet 7 inches and 5 feet 9 inches, Russia's official Sputnik news agency reported. The shooter was wearing blue jeans and a brown sweater. Russia's Investigative Committee is offering a reward of 3 million rubles ($49,000) for information leading to the arrest of the killer. It said the tipster will be guaranteed anonymity. CNN's Matthew Chance and Alla Eshchenko reported from Moscow and Laura Smith-Spark wrote from London. CNN's Ivan Watson, Emma Burrows and Lucy Pawle contributed to this report. | Boris Nemtsov is buried in a Moscow cemetery following a somber memorial service . Nemtsov "always said everything that others were afraid to say," says one mourner . Moscow Investigative Committee says "all scenarios" are being considered in Nemtsov slaying . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | With 10 days separating West Ham United's loss against Chelsea with their next Premier League fixture, an away trip to Arsenal, the Hammers have jetted off to Dubai for a team break. Midfielder Cheikhou Kouyate uploaded a picture to Instagram with team-mates Diafra Sakho, Enner Valencia and Adrian with the caption 'ready to (go to) Dubai with my guys'. West Ham manager Sam Allardyce will be hoping the warm weather getaway will allow his players to freshen up ahead of their final 10 league games of the season. Cheikhou Kouyate (left) poses with his fellow West Ham players in an Instagram post before going to Dubai . Kouyate (right) wins the ball of Kurt Zouma but West Ham lost 1-0 on Wednesday against Chelsea . Winston Reid had to leave the game against Chelsea after eight minutes with a hamstring problem . The club are tenth in the Premier League after Wednesday's 1-0 defeat to Jose Mourinho's side with 39 points but are only three behind Stoke in eighth. But on Thursday, Allardyce was boosted by Winston Reid emphatically ending reports that he will depart Upton Park at the end of the season by penning a six-and-a-half year contract at the club. 'It's one of those things that took a bit of time, but we got there in the end,' Reid, 26, said upon announcing the news. Reid's game against Chelsea was curtailed after only eight minutes due to a hamstring problem but the New Zealand international hopes his team's break will allow him to recover swiftly. 'It's just one of those things with the injury,' Reid said. 'I had it a little after Crystal Palace and unfortunately it flared up again. It's just part of the game I guess. 'We've got some time to recover now, which is much needed.' Kouyate (centre) clashed heads with John Terry and was substituted three minutes before the end of the game . Sam Allardyce (left) jokes with Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho during the game at Upton Park on Wednesday . West Ham are not the only side trying to turn their absence from the FA Cup into a positive. Southampton flew to Switzerland for a team break on Wednesday, a day after their win over Crystal Palace. | West Ham United lost 1-0 to Chelsea at Upton Park on Wednesday . Hammers have 10 days until their next game with no FA Cup match . The team are heading out to Dubai for a warm weather break . Cheikhou Kouyate posted an Instagram snap with his team-mates . CLICK HERE for all the latest West Ham news . |
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