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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dave Chisnall’s sensational 7-2 win over World Champion Gary Anderson sent him a point clear at the top of the Betway Premier League table in Exeter on Thursday night. The 2014 Grand Slam of Darts runner-up continued his unbeaten start to the season as he picked up his fourth win in five matches in front of the 4,500 sell-out crowd at the Westpoint Arena. Chisnall nailed six 180s and finished seven doubled from 12 attempts as he stormed to victory over Scottish star Anderson to go a point clear of Michael van Gerwen. Dave Chisnall celebrates his victory over Gary Anderson during The Betway Premier League Darts . Anderson fell to Chisnall during Thursday night's Premier League Darts matches at the Westpoint Arena . Raymond van Barneveld 5-7 Kim Huybrechts . James Wade 5-7 Phil Taylor . Adrian Lewis 3-7 Stephen Bunting . Peter Wright 6-6 Michael van Gerwen . Dave Chisnall 7-2 Gary Anderson . Van Gerwen is also unbeaten so far, but had to settle for his second draw in succession as he was held by Peter Wright. The Dutchman took out an early 120 finish to break and lead 2-1, only for Wright to reply with checkouts of 101 and 158 as he held a slender lead - but van Gerwen finished 145 in the tenth leg before sharing the final two to take a point. A 7-5 comeback win against James Wade insured Phil Taylor extended his unbeaten run to four matches to go third in the league with seven points. Wade opened up a 3-0 lead, but Taylor hit top gear to turn the game around as he won five successive legs to take a 6-4 lead against his opponent. Michael van Gerwen had to settle for his second draw in succession as he was held by Peter Wright . Raymond van Barneveld was stunned by Premier League debutant Kim Huybrechts who claimed his first win in a 7-5 victory over the Dutchman with a stunning 170 checkout in the game’s final leg. There was also a debut win for Stephen Bunting who defeated Adrian Lewis 7-3 having lost his previous three games in the league. Bunting lost the opening leg against Lewis, but returned with five wins in a row to put himself into a commanding lead before being pegged back to 5-3. However, Bunting ensured he was to pick up the points as he landed 180s in the next two. Raymond van Barneveld was stunned by Premier League debutant Kim Huybrechts who claimed his first win . Stephen Bunting defeated Adrian Lewis 7-3 having lost his previous three games in the league . | David Chisnall beat Gary Anderson to go clear at the top of the league . Chisnall continued his unbeaten start to the season on Thursday night . Michael van Gerwen drew with Peter Wright to also remain unbeaten . Kim Huybrechts and Stephen Bunting claimed Premier League debut wins . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Phil Parkinson may have snubbed Jose Mourinho’s offer of a handshake before the final whistle sounded on Bradford City’s shock FA Cup win over Chelsea, but the 47-year-old will gladly borrow some of The Special One’s tricks as he tries to guide the League One club to Wembley again. Parkinson faces Reading – where he spent 11 years as a player – at Valley Parade on Saturday knowing that another upset would see Bradford return to the national stadium in the semi-finals of the FA Cup for the first time in more than a century. Remarkably, he has already taken Bradford there twice in the Capital One Cup final and League Two Playoff final in 2013. Bradford boss Phil Parksinon (centre left) rebuffed Jose Mourinho's (right) handshake during their FA Cup tie . Parkinson did not want to be distracted by Mourinho’s premature offer of congratulations when Bradford came from behind to record a stunning 4-2 win at Stamford Bridge in January, before going on to take another Premier League scalp in Sunderland in the fifth round. But the Bradford manager cannot help but admire the Chelsea manager’s win-at-all-costs mentality compared with some managers (look away Louis van Gaal) who are obsessed with imposing their ‘philosophy’ on a club. ‘I like the fact that he will do whatever it takes to win,’ said Parkinson. ‘We are in an era of managers who sometimes their own philosophy gets in the way of what’s the most important thing to win each individual game. Phil Parkinson believes the big teams in the Premier League are jealous of Bradford . Chelsea were beaten 4-2 by League One outfit Bradford during the fourth round back in January . ‘Mourinho sets up his team to win. The Capital One Cup final (against Tottenham) was a good example of that. ‘For me, that’s what management is about. Not just saying “we’ve got good players, go and play”. It’s about what tweaks and adaptations are we going to make today to give us the best chance of winning? That’s why I like looking at what Mourinho does because he has great skill at that.’ It’s one reason why Parkinson is happy to let talk of the poor playing surface at Valley Parade carry on ahead of Reading’s visit. He believes that it got into the heads of Sunderland’s players in the last round and contributed to Bradford’s 2-0 win. ‘I think more was made of the pitch for the Sunderland game,’ he added. ‘By the time their lads came to the game it was probably a bigger thing than it actually it was. We’d had a dry week and it wasn’t too bad. ‘If you look around, a lot of pitches are not in a great state at the moment and we’ve got some good technical players. ‘We’ve found that rather than saying “God, I just need big strong physical players on the pitch”, you need technical players that can handle the bad pitch and we’ve tried to get our best technical team out there.’ Filipe Morais, pictured after scoring against Chelsea, faces a late fitness test on a knee injury . Mourinho isn’t the only Premier League boss that Parkinson admires. The ambitious Bradford boss has also modelled his managerial style on Sir Alex Ferguson and was able to study Arsene Wenger’s situation while scouting for Arsenal in 2011 following his departure from Charlton. ‘Obviously I’m ambitious like every player in the squad and every member of staff,’ said Parkinson. ‘You’ve got to want to be right at the top of your game, and I’m no different. ‘There are many managers I look at. The Arsenal experience was great for me because I’d just left Charlton and they gave me the opportunity to work within their scouting network. ‘The longer that went on, the more senior Premiership targets they sent me to watch. It’s a great insight into how a club like Arsenal have to operate because obviously they can’t compete with Manchester City and Chelsea so they had to look at the level underneath or the players that weren’t obvious to everybody else. ‘I really enjoyed that and learned a lot from it. I got offered a couple of jobs within that period but I wanted to see that short-term through with the Arsenal experience. ‘In terms of managers, Sir Alex Ferguson is an obvious one. His leadership qualities but also the way he evolved as a manager. ‘Myself and (assistant) Steve Parkin, the rest of the staff, try to have a modern approach with the way we do everything but with an old school mentality of discipline, honesty and commitment. We expect those old school demands from the players. ‘With Sir Alex and Manchester United, you look at the discipline and the way the players drove on to the end in every game, and the pride they had in wearing the shirt, but also how he evolved all the time in progressing the club. I think he’s a great one to look at.’ So having won the playoff final with Bradford in 2013 just three months after losing the Capital One Cup final 5-0 to Swansea, what are Parkinson’s priorities this time around as he tries to take the West Yorkshire club to the semi-finals of the FA Cup for the first time since 2011? He said: ‘It’s difficult because when we had the Capital One Cup final, all the way I was saying “the league is more important”. But when we got to the semi-final we were on the point of making history. ‘I want to do both but at this stage, when you’re so close to being in an FA Cup semi-final at Wembley, this has got to take priority at the moment.’ | Parkinson snubbed Mourinho's offer of a handshake before final whistle . Bradford take on Reading in FA Cup for a semi-final place at Wembley . Parkinson has already guided Bradford twice to the national stadium . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sir Bradley Wiggins has confirmed his intention to ride in the inaugural Tour de Yorkshire in May. The 2012 Tour de France winner will leave Team Sky at the end of April to head up his own 'Team Wiggins' developmental squad, and revealed the three-day race in Yorkshire will be among his first assignments for the new team. Wiggins revealed his plans in an interview with The Cycling Podcast, which first aired on Thursday. Sir Bradley Wiggins pictured racing in the Paris-Nice and he will compete in the Tour de Yorkshire in May . Discussing his participation in this week's Paris-Nice stage race, Wiggins talked of his pride at wearing the time trial world champions' rainbow jersey for the final time at a major race, and said: 'It'll be nice to (wear it) a last time at this level anyway. I know I'm doing the Tour de Yorkshire, but this is Paris-Nice.' The Tour de Yorkshire will take place from May 1-3 as a legacy event from last year's hugely successful Grand Depart of the Tour de France, which brought millions of fans to the region. Wiggins missed last year's Tour having been overlooked for the squad by Team Sky. The Tour de France started in Yorkshire last year and was declared a huge success as fans flocked to it . | Sir Bradley Wiggins will compete in the Tour de Yorkshire in May . The Tour de France started in the region last year and was a success . Wiggins is currently competing in the Paris-Nice race . He will leave Team Sky in April to head up his own developmental squad . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Andy Murray is not sure about Jonas Bjorkman's dancing but is confident the Swede will prove a valuable addition to his coaching team. The 42-year-old is to join Murray for a trial week at some point in the next month with a view to working with the Scot on a permanent basis alongside his main coach Amelie Mauresmo. The exact timing of that week is up in the air because Bjorkman is currently competing on Let's Dance, the Swedish version of Strictly Come Dancing. Andy Murray talks to his main coach Amelie Mauresmo during a training session in Indian Wells . The Scot, who could add Jonas Bjorkman to his team, practices his serve with coach Mauresmo watching on . Murray and Mauresmo take a moments rest during training ahead of Murray's Indian Wells challenge . Murray, whose mother Judy was a high-profile contestant on the last series of the British show, told BBC Radio Five Live: 'I haven't seen him dance yet but apparently he's one of the favourites to win so he must be all right.' With Mauresmo only committed to working with Murray for 25 weeks a year, the world number four has made finding an additional coach a priority. The role had been filled under Ivan Lendl and then Mauresmo by his long-time friend Dani Vallverdu until the pair went their separate ways at the end of last season. The aim will be for Bjorkman to travel with Murray during the weeks when Mauresmo is unavailable, while they will also work together at certain times of the year. Murray said: 'We've agreed for him to work with us for a week just to try and see how it goes. Normally when I've started working with coaches I've done that. 'I know him very well from when he played. He was one of the older guys when I came on the tour and he was very good to me. He's a very nice person, good sense of humour. And he was an exceptional tennis player who made the most of his ability. Former world No 4 Jonas Bjorkman will join up with Team Murray for a trial week as assistant coach . 'A lot of Swedes turn out to be good coaches. They've got a good mindset, they're very calm individuals and extremely hard workers. Hopefully when we try it out together it works well.' Bjorkman reached number four in the singles rankings and number one in doubles, winning nine grand slam titles. Since retiring in 2008 he has worked in the media, as a coach with Sweden's Davis Cup team and behind the scenes at the ATP tournaments in Bastad and Stockholm. He becomes the latest Swede to take up a high-profile coaching role in men's tennis after Magnus Norman, who guided Stan Wawrinka to the Australian Open title last year, and Roger Federer's part-time mentor Stefan Edberg. Bjorkman agreed with Murray's assessment of Swedish strengths but also said he hoped to bring energy and fun to training sessions. Andy Murray celebrates after securing victory for Great Britain against the USA in the Davis Cup in Glasgow . Recalling how he became friends with Murray, Bjorkman said: 'I always spent quite a lot of time around Tim (Henman). 'When Andy came along, he was going to be the new superstar, I met him straight away and we connected well. 'He's a great guy, great sense of humour. Both of us like to have a little bit of a trash talk, we are interested in other sports. The only negative was he beat me twice. But I'm really looking forward to it.' Bjorkman revealed he has been speaking to Mauresmo on the phone and believes they are singing from the same hymn sheet when it comes to Murray's game. Andy Murray takes aim with a serve as he prepares for the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells . 'It feels great,' he said. 'I really like the way she believes Andy should play and how they've been working. 'Andy's in a great situation now, he played phenomenal tennis in Australia. The match against (Tomas) Berdych I believe was the best since his injury. He's at his prime with his age and has some interesting years ahead of him.' Murray and Mauresmo are currently in Indian Wells for the first Masters tournament of the season, where he will begin his campaign this weekend against Canadian Vasek Pospisil. The Scot, meanwhile, has also committed to playing at the ATP tournament in Washington in August as part of his build-up to the US Open. He reached the final on his only previous appearance nine years ago. | Andy Murray will work with Sweden's Jonas Bjorkman for a trial period . The aim is for Bjorkman to travel with Murray during the weeks when his main coach Amelie Mauresmo is unavailable . Murray has been searching for a new No 2 since Dani Vallverdu left . |
What are some examples of low-flow fixtures? | A low-flow fixture is a water saving plumbing fixture designed to achieve water savings by having a lower flow rate of water or a smaller quantity per flush. Some of these low-flow fixtures are faucets, showerheads, and toilets. In the United States a maximum water usage of conventional plumbing fixtures was federally mandated by the Energy policy act of 1992. Low-flow fixtures are designed to save water over conventional fixtures by having a lower flow rate while still maintaining satisfactory performance. The Environmental protection agency (EPA) WaterSense program has requirements for plumbing fixtures to achieve their definition for water saving low-flow. | faucets, showerheads, and toilets |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)On the 6th of April 1996, San Jose Clash and DC United strode out in front of 31,683 expectant fans at the Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. The historic occasion was the first ever Major League Soccer match -- a brave new dawn for the world's favorite sport in a land its charms had yet to conquer. Summarizing the action for ESPN, commentator Ty Keough eagerly described the momentous "birth of a new era for American soccer." Looking back at footage from that balmy evening now it's hard not to feel a certain nostalgia. Baggy shirts, questionable hairstyles and strange rule adaptations to make games more exciting were all part of the formative MLS experience. Countdown clocks were employed to provide drama at the end of each half. Even more bizarrely, tied games were settled by shootouts that saw attacking players run with the ball from 35-yards out before attempting to beat the opposing goalkeeper. As the MLS prepares to mark the beginning of its 20th season, it's hard to comprehend just how much the league has progressed in the intervening period. Long gone is the desire to tamper with the rules of the game for a start. Attendances are higher than ever before while the number of teams involved has doubled from 10 in the 1996 campaign to 20 in 2015. A further four are set to be added by 2020. On top of this, the new season is the first of a new domestic TV and media rights deal with FOX, ESPN and Univision worth $700 million over eight years. This figure may pale beside the $5.1 billion recently paid by UK broadcasters for the English Premier League, the richest football league in the world, but it represents a tripling in value of the previous MLS deal. According to Phil Rawlins, co-primary owner and president of the new MLS franchise, Orlando City Soccer Club, "the industry and the game itself has moved on dramatically" in the U.S.. He believes what would equal 50 years growth in most other industries has been experienced in the first two decades of the MLS. Rawlins' club is a prime example of this rapid transformation. He describes players being pushed out of changing facilities because of a schedule clash with a yoga class not so long ago. This weekend 60,000 fans are expected to witness Orlando City's opening weekend fixture against New York City, another new club making their MLS bow. World Cup winners Kaka and David Villa will turn out for Orlando and New York City respectively. "We're just on the crest of the wave at the moment," Rawlins said of football's American progress. "Can it be the number two, number three sport in this country? Yes, I think it can. And it can be in a short space of time." These positive assertions are backed by the huge interest U.S. fans showed in last year's World Cup in Brazil. Team USA's group stage clash with Portugal attracted 25 million viewers, according to figures from TV ratings firm, Nielsen. That's considerably more than the 15 million baseball's 2013 World Series averaged on FOX or the similar audience that tuned into the 2014 NBA finals on ABC. Anyone who saw 20,000 pumped-up young fans pack out Chicago's Grant Park to cheer on their country via big screens, meanwhile, would find it hard to argue against soccer in the U.S. now being anything other than a big deal. Reaching this promising stage, however, has been anything but a smooth ride. The MLS was reported to have lost as much as $250 million in its first five years while average attendances initially dwindled after the inaugural season. Three teams -- Miami Fusion, Tampa Bay Mutiny (both in 2001) and Chivas USA (2014) -- were disbanded along the way due to a mixture of lack of fan interest and ownership troubles. A report by Forbes at the end of 2013, meanwhile, claimed that only 10 out of 19 MLS teams were profitable. And as recently as this week, MLS players looked like they could be going on strike over wages and the right of players to become free agents when their contracts end. Then there's the way the league develops, attracts and trades players. A salary cap restricts the amount teams can spend on playing squads. Each side, however, has a number of spaces that can be allocated to "off budget" signings which are not included within the cap. This includes promising Generation Adidas players who enter the MLS through the draft systems before completing their college education. Homegrown players from club's development academies are also exempt as are a maximum of three designated players (DPs), usually stellar international names whose wages and transfer fees will be covered by club owners or sponsors. One of the main criticisms of the MLS and its complex player acquisition rulebook is that while it does entice prominent stars of the game like David Beckham, Freddie Ljungberg and Thierry Henry to appear in the MLS, it only does so when their careers are on a downward trajectory. Why would an exceptional player want to move to a league that can only attract a handful of top talents at any one time, after all? And herein lies one of the leagues biggest challenges in attracting and keeping the talented players fans want to see. Although the likes of the salary cap encourages fiscal probity, it means MLS teams are restricted by rules clubs in other markets are not. Head coach of Sporting Kansas, Peter Vermes, highlighted these difficulties in comments carried by the Kansas City Star newspaper last year. "We're in a place where at times you can't compete with foreign clubs because of the kind of dynamics they have in regards to finances. We have a salary cap. They don't," Vermes said. According to Paulo Teixeira, a football agent who has worked to bring in and sell players from the league in recent years, current philosophies with regards player-trading may be have to be tweaked to help the MLS grow yet further. He describes the importance of placing an emphasis on attracting younger players with European passports. Such talented individuals will have a sell-on value that can be recouped by the league and their clubs if they move on from the MLS to the biggest and wealthiest leagues across the Atlantic. Theoretically, at least, this money can then be reinvested in the league, player development and attracting yet more promising players to the MLS. This in turn will raise the standard further. An early example of this strategy can perhaps be found in the transfer of Oriol Rossell, a Spanish midfielder who moved from Sporting Kansas to Sporting Lisbon last year in a deal brokered by Teixeira. Rossell arrived on a free transfer aged 20 after being released by FC Barcelona in 2012. He excelled at Kansas, winning the MLS Cup before being sold to the Portuguese giants at a profit in June 2014. Teixeira is quick to make clear such plans would need good scouting systems to truly flourish. It could also be achieved by signing DPs closer to the peak stage of their career, he added. This last point is something that appears be happening already. "Before they used to have a lot of big names who could no longer run in Europe," Teixeira said. "(But) Villa is not an old guy, (Frank) Lampard is still going strong" and both could still offer something to teams in Europe, he said by way of example of New York City's first DP signings. Nevertheless, he continued, the signing of more young players with big potential "is probably something we'll see more of." Whether Teixeira is correct will become apparent in the months and years ahead. Either way, that brave new MLS dawn that broke over San Jose back in 1996 has turned into a bright morning. CNN's Don Riddell contributed to this story. | The 20th MLS season begins this weekend . League has changed dramatically since its inception in 1996 . Some question whether rules regarding salary caps and transfers need to change . |
given this article about Enrico Silvestrin, what year did he get evicted from Celebrity Big Brother? | Enrico Silvestrin (born 30 May 1972) is an Italian actor, television and radio presenter and musician.
Life and career
Born in Rome, after a supporting role in Michele Placido's Close Friends, in 1994 Silvestrin started working as a VJ on MTV Europe, and later on MTV Italy. In 2000, he refused the Gabriele Muccino's offer of starring in The Last Kiss preferring a role in the Italia 1 sitcom Via Zanardi 33, which eventually turned to be a flop.
In 2005 Silvestrin left MTV as to focus on his acting career. He then appeared in a number of films and TV-series, getting a personal success with the role of Alessandro Berti in the Canale 5 crime series Distretto di Polizia. In 2007 he presented the Festivalbar. In 2018 he competed in Grande Fratello VIP, the Italian adaptation of Celebrity Big Brother. He was the third contestant to be evicted on day 22.
Silvestrin is also active as a musician. He has been part of the musical groups Agony in Cage, Tempus Fugit, Ilor and Silv3man. He is nephew on his mother's side of actor and playwright Peppino De Filippo. | 2018 |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Thousands took to the streets of Gaza this week to mourn the death of the co-founder of Hamas, who was buried with an assault rifle across his chest. Hammad Al-Hasanat co-founded the terrorist group on December 14, 1987, with its spiritual leader Sheikh Ahmad Yassin. He was 80 years old when he died on Monday from health complications. Hammad Al-Hasanat (pictured) co-founded the terrorist group on December 14, 1987, with its spiritual leader Sheikh Ahmad Yassin . The UK, Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan and the United States consider Hamas to be a terrorist organisation . Thousands took to the streets of Gaza this week to mourn the death of Hammad Al-Hasanat . Pictures of his funeral in the Nuseirat refugee camp show armed Islamic militants carrying Al-Hasanat on stretcher through the streets. Hamas' Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh said in a statement that Hassanat 'was a brilliant leader of the Islamic movement, and one of the founders of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Hamas movement in Palestine'. The UK, Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan and the United States consider Hamas to be a terrorist organisation, while Iran, Russia, Turkey, China and Qatar consider it to be a legitimate political organisation. Hamas' Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh said in a statement that Hassanat 'was a brilliant leader of the Islamic movement' Hamas has held sway in Gaza since 2007. Israel said on Monday it has busted an Israeli-Palestinian smuggling ring that funneled iron, electronic equipment and other prohibited materials to Gaza, bypassing Israel's stringent border security to help Hamas rebuild its militant infrastructure following last year's war. Nine people in the ring, among them three Jewish Israelis who own companies that sell the materials, were charged with assisting an enemy in wartime, terror financing and fraud. The remaining ring members were said to be Palestinians from Gaza. Hamas, a bitter enemy of Israel's, suffered heavy losses in the 50-day war, in which Israel carried out some 5,000 airstrikes throughout Gaza. Hamas fired thousands of rockets into Israel. The fighting killed more than 2,200 Palestinians and 72 people on the Israeli side. Hamas is suffering from international isolation and a cash crunch and has been trying to rebuild the coastal territory since the fighting ended. | Hammad Al-Hasanat co-founded the terrorist group on December 14, 1987 . He was 80 years old when he died on Monday from health complications . Hamas' PM said Hassanat 'was a brilliant leader of the Islamic movement' It is considered a terrorist group by the UK, Australia, Canada and the US . |
Who was the first coach of the Seattle SuperSonics? | On December 20, 1966, Los Angeles businessmen Sam Schulman and Eugene V. Klein, both of whom owned the AFL side San Diego Chargers, and a group of minority partners were awarded an NBA franchise for Seattle, the first major-league sports franchise in the city. Schulman served as the active partner and head of team operations, and named the team SuperSonics as a nod to the city’s ties to the aviation industry, with Boeing's having recently been awarded a contract for an SST project.
Seattle SuperSonics began play on October 13, 1967; they were coached by Al Bianchi, and included All-Star guard Walt Hazzard and All-Rookie Team members Bob Rule and Al Tucker. The expansion team debuted in San Francisco with a 144–116 loss in their first game against Golden State Warriors. On October 21, the Seattle team's first win came against the San Diego Rockets in overtime 117–110, and SuperSonics finished the season with a 23–59 record. | Al Bianchi was the first coach. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A woman arrived home to find that her husband had tied up a naked teenage man in the living room of the family home, a court has heard. Joanne O'Connor said she discovered the bizarre scene after she returned home early from work one day last year. Her husband John Young, a radio DJ, then assaulted her and grabbed her hair, and has now been fined £300 for the attack. Row: John Young fought his wife after she found a naked 18-year-old man tied up in the family home . Ms O'Connor, 48, told Kilmarnock Sheriff Court: 'I knew our marriage was in trouble when I found an 18-year-old boy naked and bound in the living room.' The court heard that Young, 49, then smashed up his own collection of CDs during the ensuing row in Kilwinning, Ayrshire, the Evening Times reported. An antique clock which was a family heirloom was also damaged in the fight. The couple's daughter went into the room and said: 'What are you arguing about now?' Young denied assaulting and injuring his wife by grabbing her hair and chest. Fined: Young was convicted of assault after a trial at Kilmarnock Sheriff Court, pictured, and fined £300 . He told the court that he has since come out as gay, but claimed that Ms O'Connor accused him of being a paedophile. The DJ said that if he had attacked his wife she would have hit him back. Sheriff Brian Murphy found Young guilty of assault, and ordered him to pay a £300 fine. He could also lose his new job with North Ayrshire Council. Young, who uses the professional name Ian Young, helped to set up Irvine Beat FM, but has now left the station. | Joanne O'Connor discovered her husband John Young had a naked teenager tied up in the living room of Ayrshire home . Young then attacked his wife and grabbed her hair in a massive row . He has been convicted of assault and fined £300 over the incident . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fall River, Massachusetts (CNN)Is there hidden meaning in recorded jailhouse calls with former New England Patriots star Aaron Hernandez after his arrest? Defense attorneys and prosecutors are in a pitched battle over whether a jury should be able to hear them during his ongoing murder trial in its eighth full week of testimony. Snippets of the conversations are contained in motions filed by both sides. The transcribed excerpts include Hernandez talking with his fiancée, Shayanna Jenkins, and also with his cousin Tanya Singleton. There's also a debate about calls between Singleton and co-defendant Ernest Wallace. Prosecutors contend calls involving Wallace, Singleton, and Jenkins, in particular, are proof of an ongoing conspiracy to conceal evidence after the June 17, 2013, killing of Odin Lloyd. The defense argues the calls are irrelevant, prejudicial and contain hearsay. Aaron Hernandez trial: The latest developments . Hernandez has pleaded not guilty to orchestrating Lloyd's killing with the help of Wallace and Carlos Ortiz. Wallace and Ortiz have pleaded not guilty and are being tried separately. Singleton and Jenkins both face charges of their own stemming from Lloyd's killing. Singleton has pleaded not guilty to being an accessory after the fact, accused of helping Wallace escape to Florida. Singleton, suffering from terminal cancer, is expected to be called as a state's witness. She previously served time for contempt of court for refusing to testify before a grand jury. In calls between Singleton and Wallace -- after he was arrested but before she was jailed on the contempt charge -- prosecutors contend she is passing on information from Wallace to Hernandez. At trial, authorities suggest Hernandez was reaching out to Wallace the night Lloyd's bullet-riddled body was discovered. Jurors have been shown surveillance video and phone records authorities say show Hernandez borrowing his attorney's cell phone to call Wallace that night from the North Attleboro police station parking lot after Hernandez took apart his own phone. During previous cross-examination, the defense has argued there is no proof of what that call was about and there was nothing unusual about taking a battery out of a cell phone, then putting it back together. Hernandez's fiancée, Jenkins, has pleaded not guilty to lying before a grand jury. Prosecutors suspect her of getting rid of the murder weapon after receiving a coded text message from Hernandez a day after Lloyd's killing. The jury has seen a home surveillance video of her removing a trash bag from the house and driving away with it in a car. The handgun, believed to be .45-caliber Glock, has never been found. Court documents state all jailhouse calls are recorded, and detainees are notified by signs and recorded messages that their phone conversations are being monitored. Below are excerpts of some of the calls the defense wants to quash and prosecutors want the jury to hear: . July 12, 2013 -- Call between Tanya Singleton and Ernest Wallace . Wallace: "You tell Ink, tell Ink, I love him, man. I love him." Singleton: "I will." Wallace: "Tell him no matter what, don't think I'm la-la-la'ing. I'll never go against the grain, you hear me?" Singleton: "Yup." Wallace: "Tell him we gotta work together. Tell him we gotta work together." July 17, 2013 -- Call between Singleton and Wallace . Singleton: "... He said you and him all the way, you know." Wallace: "All right. I love that ... man." Singleton: "He love you, too. ..." Wallace: "I'm riding." Singleton: "That's what he said." Wallace: "... I'm riding, you know what I mean. I'm riding." Singleton: "Yeah, that's what he said. And I'll let her know that you know." Wallace: 'Cause, yo, this la la la got us all into this, man, and they gotta know." Singleton: "I know, yeah. it's gonna be fine. I'm gonna call your lawyer today." On August 3, 2013, Jenkins tells her fiancé Hernandez that his cousin Singleton has been jailed for refusing to testify at a grand jury in his case. Hernandez: "... The longest she'll do is like probably less than a month ... until the grand jury is don(e), investigation, do you know what I mean?" "The only good thing about Tanya being locked up is she's gonna lose weight." In another call between Jenkins and Hernandez, Jenkins apparently isn't happy that he's asking her to put money into Singleton's jail canteen account. The defense argues it has no relevance to the murder charge. Jenkins: "I don't know why you keep. ..." Hernandez: "She's got no money in jail." Jenkins: "... Why do I have to keep being the one to do that? That's what you're not understanding." Hernandez: "All right -- well --" Jenkins: "I'm trying to follow what my lawyers are telling me to follow, and then you keep trying to have me do other things." Hernandez: "Not really, but I'm saying whatever works for you." Some excerpts are singled out by both defense and prosecutors for different reasons. In a call dated July 23, 2013, the defense suggests Hernandez appears to be doing an act of kindness for his loyal cousin by setting up a trust fund for her children. Hernandez: "I set up an account, don't tell nobody, for Jano and (Eddie). ... "So, don't tell nobody. I don't want nobody to know about it. And I ain't even telling my own girl, nobody. ... " 'Cause it already started off at $100,000 for them. ..." In their motion, prosecutors appear to suggest it's a payoff disguised as a gift. Will the calls be played in court? On Wednesday, Judge Susan Garsh will hear arguments and then decide whether the state can admit the jailhouse calls as evidence or if they will be barred. | Prosecutors contend recorded jailhouse calls are proof of conspiracy to conceal evidence . Aaron Hernandez's defense argues the calls are irrelevant, prejudicial and contain hearsay . Judge to hear arguments and then decide whether state can admit the calls as evidence . |
What is the population of North Carolina? | North Carolina is a state in the Southern United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. In the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city. | In the 2020 census, the state of North Carolina had a population of 10,439,388. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United midfielder Michael Carrick has his sights firmly set on finishing in the top-two of the Premier League after closing the gap to just two points on rivals Manchester City. Louis van Gaal's side produced arguably their best performance of the season to blow top-four rivals Tottenham away in a dominant first-half display. Following Manchester City's shock defeat by Burnley on Saturday evening, United are within touching distance of Manuel Pellegrini's side with nine games remaining. Michael Carrick celebrates after giving Manchester United a two-goal lead against Tottenham on Sunday . The midfielder scored against his former club with a header during the first half at Old Trafford . Liverpool (away) - March 22 . Aston Villa (home) - April 4 . Man City (home) - April 12 . Chelsea (away) - April 18 . Everton (away) - April 26 . West Brom (home) - May 2 . Crystal Palace (away) - May 9 . Arsenal (home) - May 16 . Hull (away) - May 24 . Carrick, who was instrumental in Sunday's win at Old Trafford, says United are now aiming to catch their city rivals. 'We have got to aim for second,' the midfielder was quoted as saying by the Manchester Evening News. 'We're within touching distance now. You look at the table now and it is so tight. But I suppose really we've just got to look to next Sunday. 'It sets us up for another big game at Anfield. Every game is important now. There are going to be ups and downs because that is how it is, especially in the last nine or 10 games. Carrick is joined by his team-mates after netting the second goal during the 3-0 win . Manchester City were beaten 1-0 by Burnley on Saturday - United are now just two points behind them . 'Hopefully when that pressure kicks in, and it goes up and up, then we perform even better and we're going to have to in the weeks to come. 'For this club the Champions League is the place to be isn’t it? We had been in it for so long and not being involved on the big nights makes you realise what it is all about.' | Manchester United beat Tottenham 3-0 at Old Trafford on Sunday . Win moved Louis van Gaal's sive to within two points of Manchester City . Michael Carrick says United are now aiming to beat their rivals to second . Chris Smalling: Manchester United can beat City to second place . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | World Cup winner Toni Kroos says he joined Real Madrid to play under manager Carlo Ancelotti and has revealed how the Italian told him he would make the team better. Former Bayern Munich midfielder Kroos joined the Spanish giants last summer for £24million after becoming a world champion with Germany at the World Cup in Brazil. And Kroos has spoken about how a chat with former Chelsea boss Ancelotti convinced him to leave the club he had been at for eight years and move to a new league. Toni Kroos protects the ball from team-mate Sami Khedira during Real Madrid training on Wednesday . The World Cup winning midfielder puts pressure on Javier Hernandez during training . 'Ancelotti's also one of the reasons I came here – I think it's normal to talk with the coach before taking that step,' Kroos told the official Uefa website. 'He gave me a positive impression and told me Madrid would be even stronger with me in their ranks. It was obviously a good conversation. Kroos claims he has a very good relationship with the Italian and is grateful that Anceoltti put his faith in him, even to play in a position that he was unfamiliar with. Kroos throws his arm out in frustration during Real Madrid's 1-1 draw with Villarreal last weekend . Kroos, playing a more defensive position than he did for Bayern Munich, slides into a challenge . 'He trusted me from the beginning in a position where I hadn't played that much, which was nonetheless in midfield. I enjoy playing in this position. 'Our relationship is good. We communicate a lot before each game. We discuss how I have to approach each game according to the opponent we're facing. I still don't know every team that well, which is normal. But he tries to fill in the gaps.' | Toni Kroos joined Real Madrid from Bayern Munich for £24m last summer . World Cup winner said he signed after being convinced by Carlo Ancleotti . Kroos claims the Real boss told him he would improve the team . CLICK HERE for all the latest Real Madrid news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Delhi (CNN)The quest to be educated in India has literally scaled new heights. Images of parents and family members clambering up school buildings and clinging on window ledges to pass cheat sheets to their children have left authorities in despair. The incident took place on Wednesday in the state of Bihar, where students were writing their year-end grade 10 examinations. Examples of cheating incidents are not hard to find in India. But, even compared to previous events, this seems to be unprecedented in its blatancy. Bihar Education Minister PK Shahi told reporters that children won't learn if they're constantly helped by family members. "Government can only hold fair examinations with the help of the parents, society and the children," he said. "This is a collective responsibility." In a developing economy like India, education is a precious commodity. With more than 1.2 billion people, proper schooling could hold the key for much of the population to get out of a vicious cycle of poverty. Earlier this week, a father in the city of Mathura was caught strapping his 8-year old daughter to a motorcycle after she refused to attend school to take her assessment. Tied with a multi-strand rope to the back of a bike, onlookers captured images of the trussed girl, her bare feet hanging low, scraping the asphalt. According to local police officials, the girl's parents offered her several incentives, such as chocolates and toys to entice her, however when the girl was still reluctant, her father decided to take matters in his own hands. After photos started making the rounds on social media, police officials took the man into custody and charged him with "breach of the peace." He is now out on bail. "Even after he got out, the father showed no remorse. He has five children to feed and he believes the only way they can get out of this poverty trap is through education," a senior police official handling the case told CNN. The flaws in India's education system are well-documented. The country has a literacy rate of only 74%, compared to 95% in China. Women suffer particularly badly here; only 64% have formal education. Earlier this year, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a nationwide campaign urging parents to send their children, especially daughters, to school and properly educate them. According to the United Nations, India has the largest youth population in the world, with more than a quarter of citizens aged between 10 and 24. | Images of parents sneaking their children cheat sheets have dumbfounded many in India . Education remains the way out of poverty for millions of young Indians, but the state is failing many of them . Some parents go to desperate lengths to get their children educated . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Despite notching up four straight Bundesliga wins Sebastian Kehl admits Dortmund's focus remains firmly on avoiding relegation this season. After a dismal run of form Jurgen Klopp's side were bottom of the league and looked in real danger of falling out of the top flight. In the last month, however, Dortmund have transformed their fortunes and moved up to 10th in the Bundesliga with a last weekend's 3-0 win against local rivals Schalke. Sebastian Kehl jumps with Dynamo Dresden's Quirin Moll during the victory in the German Cup on Tuesday . Ciro Immobile celebrates scoring the first goal in the cup tie as Dortmund booked quarter-final place . The Dortmund squad celebrate in the dressing room as they beat local rivals Schalke 3-0 last week . But ahead of their visit to Hamburg on Saturday former German international midfielder Kehl insists the players are looking no further than retaining their status in the top tier of German football. 'We lost at home to Hamburg earlier this season and that helped give them a bit of a boost,' the veteran midfielder, 35, told Ruhr Nachrichten. 'This time we hope we can be the ones getting three points. We urgently need to reach our goal. 'Nothing's changed on that front. CEO Hans-Joachim Watzke and the coaches issued a 40-point target and to avoid relegation. That's all that matters right now.' | Dortmund have won four Bundesliga matches in a row to lift them to 10th . The club endured a dreadful run of form that left them bottom of the league . Sebastian Kehl says the players are only focusing on avoiding relegation . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Teenagers as young as 16 in Birmingham have undergone weight loss surgery (file picture) Obese teenagers as young as 16 have had NHS-funded gastric band operations, worrying new figures show. And in a four-year period, the number of people aged under 30 receiving weight loss surgery in Birmingham more than doubled. Gastric band and gastric bypass operations are only carried out on the NHS when a patient's life is deemed to be at risk. Such surgery is a last resort, and before it is considered a patient is asked to make drastic changes to their lifestyle to try and lose weight naturally. The guidelines are such that a 5ft 5ins child will not be considered eligible for the drastic procedure unless they weigh at least 15 stone. Meanwhile someone who is 5ft 8ins would need to weigh almost 17 stone before they can be given the go-ahead for surgery. Figures from the Health and Social Care Information Centre released under the Freedom of Information Act show in the last five years six teenagers aged 18 and under had bariatric surgery. These included two 16 year olds, two people aged 17 and two 18 year olds. Overall between 2008-09 and 2011-12 the numbers of the radical operations performed on the under 30s rose from 35 to 71 - a 102 per cent increase. It comes as new figures this weekend revealed hundreds of babies are being born clinically obese every year. Since 2011, 1,403 newborns have been classified as obese - weighing 9lb 15oz or more, a Freedom of Information request revealed. Last year it emerged that West Midlanders are the second fattest group in the whole country, with NHS England figures revealing 65.7 per cent of people are overweight or obese. New figures released in January this year highlighted the worrying news that almost four out of 10 children in Birmingham are officially classed as overweight or obese by the age of 11. Concerns have been raised that people are opting for stomach surgery as an 'easy option' rather than go to the trouble of changing their lifestyle, eating more healthily and taking exercise. NHS guidelines state that surgery can only be offered when the patient has 'life threatening obesity' - a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or above, or a BMI of 35 with other serious health conditions that could be improved through weight loss, such as type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure. The policy states: 'It is always recommended that patients try to lose weight through a healthy, calorie-controlled diet and increased exercise before you consider weight loss surgery, as surgery carries a risk of complications and requires a significant change in lifestyle afterwards. 'Due to these associated risks, most surgeons, whether they are working privately or for the NHS, would only consider a person for surgery if there was a clinical need, and not just for cosmetic reasons.' People can also opt to pay for weight loss surgery privately. A gastric band operation, which reduces the size of the stomach, costs up to £8,000. Meanwhile, a full gastric bypass, which re-routes the digestive system meaning a person can digest much less food, costs around £15,000. In the last five years six teenagers aged 18 and under had bariatric surgery. which includes gastric bands abd bypasses. These included two 16 year olds, two people aged 17 and two 18 year olds . The NHS has warned that the treatment is available more cheaply overseas, but added it carries increased risks. Current statistics suggest that there is a one in 1,000 risk of death from weight loss surgery within 30 days. Nationally 16 teenagers under the age of 17 underwent stomach surgery in the last five years. Responding to figures revealing a rise in obese newborns, Tam Fry, of the National Obesity Forum, said that although some mothers suffer from medical conditions, which increase the size of the baby, most just overeat. He said: 'Quite simply, the number of pregnant women who are obese at the start is increasing. 'It is thought that 82 per cent of children who are obese will continue to be overweight. 'As they have the same kind of nutrition as their parents there is a continuous upwards spiral. 'Successive governments have not really addressed the obesity problem. It starts at conception and sometimes even before then.' Mr Fry also suggested that the number of women having caesareans was increasing due to the increasing size of their babies. He said: 'Some babies are so fat they cannot come out naturally. 'Women have to understand that they have to keep themselves in shape due to the huge responsibility they have of producing the next generation. 'If we get it wrong, it's a vicious circle and it will just go on and on and on.' MailOnline has contacted NHS Midlands and East for comment. A 12-year-old boy has become the youngest person in Britain to have a gastric band fitted, as doctors struggle to fight the child obesity epidemic. The schoolboy is one of an increasing number of youngsters who have had the controversial weight-loss operations, despite recommendations that such high-risk surgery should be a last resort when other efforts to slim down have failed. Figures seen by The Mail on Sunday show that 62 young people aged 18 or under had the stomach-shrinking surgery at NHS and private hospitals over a three-year period. They include the 12-year-old, one boy aged 13 and two boys aged 15. Professor Monty Duggal, head of paediatric dentistry at Leeds Dental Institute, who regularly operates on obese children to remove decayed teeth, said it was ‘a matter of national shame that we have these health problems when we are a wealthy, developed nation. The treatments I carry out all cost taxpayers money. ‘[Yet] as a professional in my field I have to approach parents with great caution. I can’t accuse parents of anything. But of course the parent is responsible for the child’s welfare and health.’ A 12-year-old boy has become the youngest person in Britain to have a gastric band fitted as figures show 62 young people aged 18 or under had the stomach-shrinking surgery at NHS and private hospitals over a three-year period . He added that social workers would be quick to step in at any sign of a parent abusing a child, ‘yet you can have a child with up to 20 decayed teeth in their mouth, a big fat face, seriously ill and having to be admitted to hospital for a serious operation under general anaesthetic without consequence for the parent.’ Official statistics from the National Bariatric Surgery Register, which is compiled from surgeons’ reports, reveal that the 12-year-old boy is the youngest child to have been fitted with a gastric band within this group, although it is not recorded if the operation was publicly or privately funded. NHS statisticians said the youngest patient they had on record for bariatric surgery paid for by the Health Service was 13. However, many surgeons argue that the stomach bands could save the NHS money through reducing levels of obesity and associated illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, which are estimated to cost the Health Service £5 billion a year. Dr Lucy Stirling, a clinical psychologist at King’s College Hospital, said parents whose children are facing gastric band surgery can fail to take responsibility for their child’s weight issues. She said: ‘Parents can be in denial of the part they have played. ‘But children need to be brought up to eat in such a way that they’re nurturing their body rather than slowly damaging it.’ Paediatric consultant Ashish Desai added: ‘Some parents, when they come to us, have the idea that if their child has the surgery it will act like a magic wand.’ | Obese teenagers in Birmingham given drastic weight loss surgery . In five-year period, six teens under 18 were given gastric bands or bypass . Drastic ops on under-30s rose from 35 to 71 - a 102% increase . Bariatric surgery is a last resort, only used where patients' lives are at risk . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Lewis Hamilton laid down a daunting marker for his Formula One rivals at Saturday's qualifying for the opening race of the 2015 season. The world champion will start on pole for the Australian Grand Prix, as he did last year and has done on three other occasions in his career. While the British driver failed to finish the 2014 race -- the only time he did not convert first on the grid to first at the checkered flag -- he is more hopeful this time as he seeks his first victory in Melbourne since winning his only other world title back in 2008. Hamilton was over half a second quicker than Mercedes teammate Nico Rosberg, and nearly 1.4 seconds faster than third-placed Felipe Massa of Williams. "We had a difficult season last year here, so definitely as a team, as a whole, we're hoping for a better start, for both cars to succeed tomorrow," the 30-year-old said. "So we're going to work as hard as we can to make sure we do that and lots of work to be done tonight for the race tomorrow, because that is going to be a huge challenge still and obviously a good fight, hopefully, with Nico." Rosberg, runner-up in last year's championship amid considerable tension between the two drivers, said his teammate "drove like a champ." "Lewis was in impressive form today, he did an awesome job and nailed it all the time," said the German, who had an engine cutout in the second session and then ran wide in Q3. "For me, the speed was there but I just didn't get it together today. So it wasn't a great day. "Lewis was quick but I didn't get my laps together today so I'm not too worried about pace -- I'm not worried about pace at all. On Friday, in the long runs, my pace was very strong so yeah, hopefully it can be the other way tomorrow." The veteran Massa said he achieved his goal of being the "best of the rest" as he finished just ahead of Ferrari's new signing Sebastian Vettel and the German's teammate Kimi Raikkonen. "The Ferraris looked strong and were pushing us hard," said the Brazilian, who has failed to finish in seven of 12 starts at Albert Park including last year. "It will be a tough battle tomorrow so we need to get the start right and have a good strategy to secure a podium and really start the season on a high note." Massa's Williams teammate Valtteri Bottas qualified sixth but will face a fitness test on Sunday morning after experiencing back pain in the first two sessions. Four-time world champion Vettel played down Ferrari's big improvement on last season's speed. "Let's keep our feet on the ground. So far this weekend, it's gone well and we've had no problems with the car," said the former Red Bull star. "It's a shame that third place escaped us, as that would have made us the first team behind Mercedes, but it wasn't by much. We lost third place because my first run wasn't quick enough: I'm not very pleased with myself, because there was still some performance to be found. "First and second are a long way in front, but anything can happen during the grand prix. There's not much of a gap between third and fourth on the grid, so I think the podium is a realistic goal." Last year Vettel was upstaged by new teammate Daniel Ricciardo, who qualified second and then finished runner-up in his home race only to be disqualified for a fuel-flow infringement. On Sunday he will start in seventh place as Red Bull's Renault-powered car struggled to match the Mercedes engines, while Vettel's replacement Daniil Kvyat was 13th after failing to reach Q3. "We suffered a bit this time last year, but there are a few more issues this year which weren't expected," said Ricciardo, who was third in the 2014 championship. "I'm really happy with seventh as realistically that's the best we could have done today." Red Bull's feeder team Toro Rosso had an encouraging start with its two rookie drivers. Carlos Sainz Jnr., son of the former rally champion, qualified eighth while Dutch 17-year-old Max Verstappen -- whose father Jos raced in F1 -- was 12th. Lotus rounded out the top 10 with Romain Grosjean ninth ahead of teammate Pastor Maldonado. Sauber's new pairing of Felipe Nasri and Marcus Ericsson qualified 11th and 16th respectively after they were able to take to the track when last season's reserve driver Giedo van der Garde waived his court-won right to line up in Melbourne. The Dutchman, who was successful in his legal battle to have an agreement for a race seat upheld, released a statement after Friday's practice sessions saying he would continue to negotiate with Sauber to resolve the situation. McLaren, meanwhile, confirmed all the preseason evidence that its new relationship with engine supplier Honda is yet to bear fruit. With Marussia having failed to get its hastily-prepared car ready in time, the English team -- which has won 12 drivers' titles and eight constructors' crowns -- will start at the back of the grid. Former world champion Jenson Button was 17th and Kevin Magnussen -- filling in for new signing Fernando Alonso, who is recovering from concussion -- was 18th. "This level of performance wasn't a surprise for us: we knew from winter testing that the pace wasn't there, so we knew we weren't going to be competitive here," Button said. "However, there's a good feeling about the car -- I know we're so far off, but the basic car is there beneath me, and we're adding to our experience and learning with every lap we do. "It's going to be a really difficult race for us -- we haven't done a race distance yet, and my longest run is 12 laps -- but we want to do the best we can because there's so much learning to be had." Like us on Facebook . | World champion Lewis Hamilton will start opening race of 2015 on pole position . Hamilton significantly quicker than Mercedes teammate in Melbourne . |
Extract the names of the four Grand Slam tournaments and list them using bullets. Include the months of the year when each of the tournaments is generally played. | The Grand Slam in tennis is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year, also referred to as the "Calendar-year Grand Slam" or "Calendar Slam". In doubles, a team may accomplish the Grand Slam playing together or a player may achieve it with different partners. Winning all four major championships consecutively but not within the same calendar year is referred to as a "non-calendar-year Grand Slam", while winning the four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a "Career Grand Slam".
The Grand Slam tournaments, also referred to as majors, are the world's four most important annual professional tennis tournaments. They offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of field, and the longest matches for men (best of five sets, best of three for the women). The tournaments are overseen by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), rather than the separate men and women's tour organizing bodies, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but both the ATP and WTA award ranking points based on players' performances in them.
The four Grand Slam tournaments are the Australian Open in January, the French Open from late May to early June, Wimbledon in late June to early July, and the US Open in August–September, with each played over two weeks. The Australian and the United States tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest tournament, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905, but it was not until 1925 that all four were held as officially sanctioned majors. | • The Australian Open, January
• The French Open, Late May to Early June
• Wimbledon, Late June to Early July
• The US Open, August - September |
Summarize the plot synopsis of the movie Real Genius in 3 sentences. | The CIA has covertly hired Professor Jerry Hathaway at Pacific Technical University to develop the power source for "Crossbow": a laser weapon precise enough to commit illegal political assassinations from outer space. Hathaway uses his position to recruit brilliant students to do the work for him but, aside from his graduate student and toady Kent, does not tell them the reason for their research.
Hathaway's latest prospect is genius high school student Mitch Taylor. Despite his youth and inexperience, Hathaway makes Mitch the lead on the project due to his innovative and original ideas in the field of laser physics. Mitch is roomed with Chris Knight, another member of the team, a legend in the "National Physics Club" and one of Mitch's idols. Mitch's ideal of Chris is shattered, however, when Chris turns out to be more of a goof-off than a hard-working student. Meanwhile, Hathaway hopes Mitch will encourage Chris to straighten up his act and that their two exceptional minds can develop a proper power source.
With the deadline quickly approaching, Mitch feels the pressure to complete the project while Chris continues in his carefree attitude. After inviting Mitch to a pool party to blow off steam, Kent reports this to Hathaway, who lambasts Mitch. Mitch breaks down and tearfully calls his parents, telling them he wants to go home. Kent records the call without Mitch's knowledge and later plays the recording over the school's public address system, humiliating Mitch. As Mitch begins packing to leave, Chris explains about the pressures of school and burdens of being highly intelligent by relating the history of former Pacific Tech student Lazlo Hollyfeld. Lazlo cracked under the pressure and disappeared (actually now living in the university's tunnels beneath Chris and Mitch's closet). Chris, fearing the same could happen to him, learned to lighten up and begin enjoying life. Mitch acquiesces to stay and they exact revenge on Kent by disassembling his car and reassembling it in his dorm room.
Hathaway, angry about the still-incomplete project and Chris's attitude, informs Chris that he intends to fail him in his final course needed for graduation and will give a coveted after-graduation job, originally promised to Chris, to Kent instead, as well as take steps to ensure Chris will never find work in the field of laser physics. Chris is disheartened and Mitch must use Chris's same argument to convince him to stay. The two commit themselves to finishing the 5 megawatt laser and making sure Chris passes Hathaway's final exam.
Kent sabotages their latest, nearly-successful apparatus. Though Chris knows Kent destroyed the laser, he can do nothing about it and is left to brood over the injustice; this inspires him to come up with a whole new system. The new solution works flawlessly, impressing Hathaway; he congratulates Chris and assures him that he will graduate. Chris and Mitch leave and celebrate, but Lazlo arrives to tell them his suspicions regarding the possible uses of such a laser. Realizing he is right, they return to the lab, but all the laser equipment has already been removed by Hathaway.
They surreptitiously implant a radio transmitter in Kent's mouth and use it convince him he is speaking to Jesus. Kent divulges the location of the Air Force base where the equipment has been installed on a B-1 bomber. Chris and Mitch sneak onto the airbase and reprogram the coordinates of the target before going to Hathaway's home to set up a small prism. They gather outside Hathaway's home to watch as another school professor and a Congressman arrive, having been told of the test. Kent arrives and, though he was told by Jesus to remain outside, he goes inside. The laser test begins, with the new target being Hathaway's house. A very large bag of popcorn (Hathaway detests popcorn) is heated by the laser refracted by the prism, filling the house entirely and causing it to burst at the seams, with Kent riding a popcorn wave through the front door. Lazlo arrives in an RV—which he has won using mathematics in a blind sweepstakes contest—to tell them he is leaving. Later, Hathaway arrives to see what has become of his house. | The CIA hires Professor Jerry Hathaway to develop the power source for a laser powerful and precise enough to vaporize human targets from outer space. Hathaway's newly recruited genius Mitch, along with his previous prodigy, Chris, work together to develop the technology and succeed, only to later learn of Hathaway's true intention for their work. The students and their friends sabotage their own invention and teach Hathaway a lesson by having the laser to pop an enormous bag of popcorn in Jerry's house, knowing that he hates popcorn. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The pathetic excuses from friends and colleagues defending Steven Gerrard have been a joke. Unfortunately for arguably Liverpool’s greatest-ever player, he proved on Sunday that Brendan Rodgers has made the correct decision to cut him loose from Anfield at the end of this season. I’d be surprised if Gerrard makes the Liverpool starting line-up again, and any substitute appearances will surely only be to give the fans a wave goodbye. Why should Rodgers trust Gerrard again this season? Steven Gerrard looks dejected after seeing red just 38 seconds after coming on for Liverpool at Anfield . Gerrard stamped on Ander Herrera's right leg shortly after coming on at the start of the second half . Herrera gestures and points at Gerrard as the Liverpool midfielder reacts following the challenge . This is an experienced professional, a captain, a legend and there is nothing anyone can say that should mask the truth that he absolutely let everyone at Liverpool Football Club down. He also failed to apologise to Ander Herrera in his brief post-match interview, which showed a lack of class. Some said Gerrard was frustrated because he wasn’t in the starting line-up. That might be true, but it doesn’t excuse a violent stamp on an opponent’s ankle. Others have said he was desperate to get involved and show his passion. After all his years in the game, with all his knowledge of this fixture, he must surely know there is only one way to show passion and commitment on such a huge occasion – and that’s to make good, clean tackles, play well and get the job done. This was Liverpool’s biggest game of the season, against fierce rivals, it’s a game they’re losing when he comes on the pitch and it’s a game they need to win. Liverpool captain Gerrard looks baffled after seeing referee Martin Atkinson brandish a red card . Gerrard walks off the Anfield pitch in what was his last appearance against Man United in a Liverpool shirt . If Wayne Rooney had done it, the reaction would be far worse. There would be calls to strip him of the England captaincy. If it had been Joey Barton, the reaction would have hit fever pitch. Had it been a Chelsea player – well, the internet and the FA would have been in meltdown. There would have been talk of points deductions probably. But because it was Gerrard, the appropriate outrage has been tempered because apparently, according to the apologists, Rodgers made a mistake by failing to put him in the starting line-up. Gerrard (centre) walks past Brendan Rodgers (left) as Emre Can (right) listens to instructions from his boss . Queens Park Rangers midfielder Joey Barton would have been ridiculed if he had made such a challenge . Last season’s slip against Chelsea was accidental, the stamp on Sunday was calculated: at best it was Gerrard being a careless hot-head desperate to make a mark. At worst, it looked like a reckless player who is now past caring about the fortunes of his club. Gerrard was the main man responsible for one of Liverpool’s most glorious nights back in 2005 in Istanbul. Nobody can ever take that away from him. Ten years on, there’s a good chance that Gerrard’s last significant act for his club could be a red card that proves to be a major factor in handing Manchester United a passage back into the Champions League – at Liverpool’s expense. Gerrard’s legacy is shattered. It’s a sad and sorry way to go, but he only has himself to blame. The Liverpool captain has been mocked for slipping against Chelsea during the clash back in April 2014 . Gerrard will want to be remembered for leading Liverpool to Champions League glory in May 2005 . | Steven Gerrard was sent off after just 38 seconds against Man United . The Liverpool captain stamped on Ander Herrera's leg during Anfield clash . Liverpool went on to lose 2-1 against United thanks to a Juan Mata double . Gerrard failed to apologise to Herrera during his post-match interview . READ: Adrian Durham on Arsene Wenger's continued failure in Europe . READ: Adrian Durham on Connor Wickham's disastrous career move . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Kano, Nigeria (CNN)Suspected Boko Haram gunmen decapitated 23 people in a raid on Buratai village in northeast Nigeria's Borno state, residents and a politician said Saturday. Scores of attackers invaded the village at 11 p.m. Friday when residents were mostly asleep and set homes on fire, hacking residents who tried to flee. "The gunmen slaughtered their 23 victims like rams and decapitated them. They injured several people," said Ibrahim Adamu, a local politician who fled. "They burned a large part of the village and we are afraid some residents were burnt in the homes because most people had gone to bed when the gunmen struck," said Adamu, a ward councilor in the village. A paramedic at a government hospital in the nearby town of Biu said 32 people from Buratai were taken to the hospital with gunshot wounds and burns. "The injured victims said a lot of people were beheaded by the attackers," the paramedic said. Buratai now has been attacked twice by Boko Haram in the past year. In September, the Islamist insurgents launched an attack on the village that was repelled by soldiers deployed to guard the home of a Nigerian army general from the village. The soldiers killed 20 of the gunmen. It is not clear whether the attack was in reprisal over their loss in the previous attack or was linked to the Nigeria general elections that commenced Saturday. Boko Haram vowed to disrupt the elections. The militant group ISIS earlier this month said that a pledge of allegiance from Boko Haram has been accepted. | Suspected militants raid village in Nigeria . Residents describe horrible details . |
What does CMWCs stand for? | The Cycle Messenger World Championships, or CMWCs, are an annual urban cycling competition whereby cycle messengers and cycling enthusiasts showcase their skills in an array of events, many of which simulate everyday tasks for a cycle messenger. Each year, the CMWCs are held in a different city around the world, with each host city designing its own unique course. The highlight of the CMWCs is the main race in which cyclists are given manifests and must pickup and deliver items to various locations around the host city as quickly and efficiently as possible. The total number of pickups and deliveries, or "drop offs" is unknown to the messengers before the race, but has been known to reach up to 100 stops and usually takes between 3–4 hours to complete. The cyclist who completes all of the assigned deliveries in the least amount of time wins the race. In addition to the main race there are also several side events which have become increasingly popular over the past few years. These events change yearly depending on the discretion of the host city but usually include backward circles, bike polo, bunnyhop, cargo race, longest skid, sprints, and trackstand. | The Cycle Messenger World Championships |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The parents of slain University of Virginia student Hannah Graham watched from the second row of a Charlottesville courtroom Wednesday as a judge agreed to delay the trial of the man charged with her murder. John Graham peered over the top of his glasses at Jesse Matthew Jr., who is accused in the September 2014 disappearance and death of his 18-year-old daughter . It was the first in-person appearance by Matthew, 33, since an Albemarle County grand jury indicted him on charges of abduction with intent to defile and first-degree murder. Matthew's defense requested additional time to hire a DNA expert to analyze physical evidence in the case. Scroll down for video . Jesse Matthew (left), 33, appeared in court Wednesday for the first time since he was indicted on charges of abduction with intent to defile and first-degree murder in the death of UVA student Hannah Graham (right) Back in court: Sheriff's deputies guard a van carrying Jesse Matthew Jr. after a hearing at the Albemarle County Circuit Court in Charlottesville, Virginia, March 4, 2015. A judge agreed to delay the trial . Matthew, who attended a previous hearing by video link from jail, faces up to life in prison if convicted in Hannah Graham's death. The Graham couple left the courthouse after the 15-minute hearing without speaking to reporters. Defense: James Camblos, attorney for Jesse Matthew Jr., said his client is 'holding up,' when asked by reporters who he was doing . When they arrived in the courtroom, Hannah's grieving parents were greeted with a hug by Gil Harrington, the mother of another slain college student. Authorities have said forensic evidence links Matthew to the 2009 death of 20-year-old Virginia Tech student Morgan Harrington, who vanished while attending a Metallica concert at University of Virginia. Matthew has not been charged in that case. 'I really felt honor-bound as Morgan's mother to be here today,' Harrington said after the hearing. 'Being a witness to these proceedings is one of the few things I can do for her.' Harrington said she made eye contact with the handcuffed and shackled Matthew when he was brought into court. 'It's a strange feeling,' she said. Matthew, 33, looked around the courtroom upon entering but said nothing during the hearing, which was attended by his relatives. Matthew's family members also were silent as they left the courthouse. When asked how Matthew was doing, defense attorney Jim Camblos said, 'He's holding up.' Prosecutors did not object to the defense motion to delay the trial, which had been set for June 29. A new date will be set at a status conference May 5. Albemarle County Circuit Judge Cheryl Higgins also approved a defense request that the state provide a DNA expert. Commonwealth's Attorney Denise Lunsford did not object. Sue and John Graham, seen here in a freeze frame from a video made last October, got a chance to look their daughter's accused killer in the face Wednesday . Full of life: Graham was a sophomore at the University of Virginia when she went missing September 13 near its campus. Her remains were found in October near Charlottesville . Graham was a sophomore at the University of Virginia when she went missing September 13 near its campus, prompting a monthlong search that ended in tragedy. Her remains were found in October just miles from where she was last seen in Charlottesville. Matthew also faces trial June 8 on charges of attempted murder and sexual assault in Fairfax County. The former hospital worker and cab driver also was accused of sexually assaulting students at Liberty University and Christopher Newport University when he was a defensive lineman on their football teams more than a decade ago. Those cases were dropped when the women declined to prosecute, officials have said. | Virginia judge agreed to delay the trial of 33-year-old Jesse Matthew . Matthew's defense requested additional time to hire a DNA expert to analyze physical evidence in the case . Matthew faces up to life in prison if convicted in Hannah Graham's September 2014 killing . The 18-year-old University of Virginia student's remains were found in October after month-long search . Forensic evidence also links Matthew to the 2009 death of 20-year-old Virginia Tech student Morgan Harrington . |
How many children did Louis Pasteur have, and how many died of typhoid fever? | Pasteur married Marie Pasteur (née Laurent) in 1849. She was the daughter of the rector of the University of Strasbourg, and was Pasteur's scientific assistant. They had five children together, three of whom died as children. Their eldest daughter, Jeanne, was born in 1850. She died from typhoid fever, aged 9, whilst at the boarding school Arbois in 1859. In 1865, 2-year-old Camille died of a liver tumour. Shortly after they decided to bring Cécile home from boarding school, but she too died of typhoid fever on 23 May 1866 at the age of 12. Only Jean Baptiste (b. 1851) and Marie Louise (b. 1858) survived to adulthood. Jean Baptiste would be a soldier in the Franco-Prussian War between France and Prussia. | Louis Pasteur had 5 children, 2 of which died from Typhoid fever |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United starlet Adnan Januzaj is prepared to play in any position to be given more opportunities under Louis van Gaal. The 20-year-old made his breakthrough last season in one of the few highlights of David Moyes' ill-fated reign at Old Trafford, but has been used sparingly by Van Gaal this term as the Dutchman prefers to play a 3-5-2 system without orthodox wingers. The young Belgian has started just eight games from 18 appearances this term but is prepared to play a variety of attacking roles. Louis van Gaal (right) speaks with Adnan Januzaj who has had is chances at United limited this season . The young Belgian, who has started just eight games from 18 appearances this term, replaces Angel di Maria . 'My game is all about trying to make things happen,' Januzaj told the club's official website. 'We had the diamond at Cambridge and I played as a left-midfielder. I feel comfortable there as well. I think I can play well there without a problem. 'My favourite position is as a winger or a no.10. There are a lot of players here and I can play in different roles – it is just a case of taking any opportunities.' Januzaj shares a joke with United team-mates (L-R) Andreas Pereira, Juan Mata and Ander Herrera . The 20-year-old insists he can 'make things happen' from a variety of attacking positions . United, the former dominant force in the Premier League, have been criticised for not challenging for the title in Van Gaal's first season, although Januzaj insists a return to the Champions League was always a priority. 'I think that's the aim – to try to qualify for next year's Champions League,' he added. 'I played in it last year and it was very good to do so. I was really happy and you know you're waiting for that kind of opportunity again in the future.' | Belgium star has started only eight games in 18 appearances this season . Manager Louis van Gaal prefers using a 3-5-2 system at Manchester United . Adnan Januzaj is prepared to play in a variety of attacking roles . |
What is the smallest bird? | Hummingbirds have varied specialized characteristics to enable rapid, maneuverable flight, exceptional metabolic capacity, adaptations to high altitude, sensitive visual and communication abilities, and long-distance migration in some species. Among all birds, male hummingbirds have the widest diversity of plumage color, particularly in blues, greens, and purples. Hummingbirds are the smallest mature birds, measuring 7.5–13 cm (3–5 in) in length. The smallest is the 5 cm (2.0 in) bee hummingbird, which weighs less than 2.0 g (0.07 oz), and the largest is the 23 cm (9.1 in) giant hummingbird, weighing 18–24 grams (0.63–0.85 oz). Noted for long beaks, hummingbirds are specialized for feeding on flower nectar, but all species also consume small insects. | Hummingbird is the smallest bird. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Clint Eastwood showed off his new girlfriend Christina Sandera on the red carpet at the Academy Awards, and now her ex-husband is opening up about their past together - and her criminal history. Paul Wainscoat, who was married to Sandera for 11 months before filing for divorce, says her 'drinking' led to frequent fights between the pair, and a few that even turned physical. In fact, prior to their marriage, police were called to the house and she was arrested for domestic battery after an incident between her and Wainscoat. Scroll down for video . The ex-husband of Clint Eastwood's new girlfriend Christina Sandera (above) revealed she has been arrested for domestic battery after he claims she physically assaulted him while they were dating . Ex-husband Paul Wainscoat, claims that on July 17, 2002, she became enraged when he refused to move in with her, and when he tried to leave 'grabbed onto his shirt and scratched his neck to prevent him. He called police, arrested her for domestic battery . Wainscoat tells The National Enquirer that on July 17, 2002, just two months after he began dating Sandera, she became enraged when he refused to move in with her, and when he tried to leave 'grabbed onto his shirt and scratched his neck to prevent him.' He managed to call the police, who in their report, noted a 'strong odor' of alcohol on Sandera's breath as they arrested her for domestic battery. The couple still married eight months later though, after, according to Wainscoat, he spent $80,000 on the couple's honeymoon and jewelry and 'dental work' for his bride. A few months after they married another physical fight broke out between the pair, with Wainscoat claiming that this time Sandera went into a rage as she was 'distraught due to the recent death of one of her cats.' He claims she began screaming at him 'Where are my kittens?' and then began hitting him with a closed fist before throwing 'a full bottle of Gatorade, which hit him in the back of the head.' He says he did not file charges on account of her 'drinking.' Wainscoat also describes other instances of 'bizarre behavior,' including a time that Sandera threatened to 'axe' their furniture if he left her. Sandera now lives in the $20million mansion (above) Eastwood recently completed building in Carmel, California . Eastwood and his ex-wife Dina (above) split in 2013 . The marriage finally blew up in June 2003, when police responded to another domestic disturbance with Wainscoat claiming he was 'being battered by his wife.' In court papers Sandera said she was not an alcoholic but had quit booze and attended AA meetings. This could possibly explain why Margot Robbie claims Eastwood gave her a glare when she popped a bottle of champagne in front of the two during the Academy Awards ceremony. In addition, Sandera said she attended '15 anger management classes.' 'It was hell,' says Wainscoat of the relationship. 'I wish Clint all the luck in the world with that woman.' Sandera, 51, and Eastwood, 84, have been dating since last summer after the two met while she was working as a restaurant hostess at Eastwood's Mission Ranch Hotel. She now lives in the $20million mansion Eastwood had built for his ex-wife Dina before their split in 2013 after 17 years of marriage. | The ex-husband of Clint Eastwood's new girlfriend Christina Sandera is opening up about their past together . Paul Wainscoat, who was married to Sandera for 11 months, had her arrested for domestic battery and claims she has a 'drinking problem' He claims she exhibited 'bizarre' behavior when drinking, once punching him as she screamed 'Where are my kittens?' after her cat died . 'It was hell - I wish Clint all the luck in the world with that woman,' said Wainscoat . Sandera said during the divorce proceedings she had stopped drinking and attended AA and anger management classes . Sandera, 51, a former hostess, now lives in the $20million mansion Eastwood, 84, had built for his ex-wife Dina before their split in 2013 . |
List all the Formula 1 teams that Sergio Perez has driven for | Sergio Michel "Checo" Pérez Mendoza (Spanish: [ˈseɾxjo ˈpeɾes] (listen); born 26 January 1990), is a Mexican racing driver who races in Formula One for Red Bull Racing, having previously driven for Sauber, McLaren, Force India, and Racing Point. He won his first Formula One Grand Prix at the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix, breaking the record for the number of starts before a race win at 190. He also earned his first Formula One pole position at the 2022 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix, breaking the record for the most races before a first pole position at 215. Pérez has a contract with Red Bull Racing until the end of the 2024 season. | - Sauber
- McLaren
- Force India
- Racing Point
- Red Bull Racing |
Who is Ruth Bader Ginsburg? | Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005). | Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (/ˈbeɪdər ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ BAY-dər GHINZ-burg; March 15, 1933 – September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote majority opinions, including United States v. Virginia (1996), Olmstead v. L.C. (1999), Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc. (2000), and City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York (2005).
Ginsburg was born and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. Her older sister died when she was a baby, and her mother died shortly before Ginsburg graduated from high school. She earned her bachelor's degree at Cornell University and married Martin D. Ginsburg, becoming a mother before starting law school at Harvard, where she was one of the few women in her class. Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School, where she graduated joint first in her class. During the early 1960s she worked with the Columbia Law School Project on International Procedure, learned Swedish, and co-authored a book with Swedish jurist Anders Bruzelius; her work in Sweden profoundly influenced her thinking on gender equality. She then became a professor at Rutgers Law School and Columbia Law School, teaching civil procedure as one of the few women in her field.
Ginsburg spent much of her legal career as an advocate for gender equality and women's rights, winning many arguments before the Supreme Court. She advocated as a volunteer attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors and one of its general counsel in the 1970s. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, where she served until her appointment to the Supreme Court in 1993. Between O'Connor's retirement in 2006 and the appointment of Sonia Sotomayor in 2009, she was the only female justice on the Supreme Court. During that time, Ginsburg became more forceful with her dissents, such as with Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2007). Ginsburg's dissenting opinion was credited with inspiring the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009, making it easier for employees to win pay discrimination claims. Ginsburg received attention in American popular culture for her passionate dissents in numerous cases, widely seen as reflecting paradigmatically liberal views of the law. She was dubbed "The Notorious R.B.G.", and she later embraced the moniker.
Despite two bouts with cancer and public pleas from liberal law scholars, she decided not to retire in 2013 or 2014 when Obama and a Democratic-controlled Senate could appoint and confirm her successor. Ginsburg died at her home in Washington, D.C., on September 18, 2020, at the age of 87, from complications of metastatic pancreatic cancer. The vacancy created by her death was filled 39 days later by Amy Coney Barrett, a conservative. The result was one of three major rightward shifts in the Court since 1953, following the appointment of Clarence Thomas to replace Thurgood Marshall in 1991 and the appointment of Warren Burger to replace Earl Warren in 1969. |
How are the characters Balrog, Vega and M. Bison connected in Street Fighter II? | Balrog, an American boxer with a similar appearance to Mike Tyson. Called M. Bison in Japan. Once one of the world's greatest heavyweight boxers, he began working for Shadaloo for easy money. Vega, a Spanish bullfighter who wields a claw and uses a unique style of ninjutsu. Called Balrog in Japan. He is vain and wishes to eliminate ugly people from the world. Sagat, a Muay Thai kickboxer from Thailand and former World Warrior champion from the original Street Fighter. He was once known as The King of Street Fighters until he got demoted as The King of Muai Thai in his own tournament due to a narrow defeat at the hands of Ryu's shoryuken (rising dragon punch) which left a deep gash across his chest. Ever since that moment he felt disgrace, and will do anything to have a grudge match with Ryu to get his title back, even if it takes joining forces with Shadaloo. M. Bison, the leader of the criminal organization Shadaloo, who uses a mysterious power known as Psycho Power, and the final opponent of the game. Called Vega in Japan. | Balrog, an American boxer who resembles Mike Tyson, is called M. Bison in Japan. Vega, a Spanish bullfighter with a claw is called Balrog in Japan. M. Bison, the final opponent of the game, is called Vega in Japan. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | One bull is certainly set to have the ladies chasing him around the paddock with his buff appearance. Paul the cow, a rescued resident of the animal sanctuary in Butjadingen, Germany, was filmed as he enjoyed a grooming session on a giant cleaning machine. Footage shows him closing his eyes in bliss as the roller combs over his coat. First he angles it on the top of his head. He then gives his eyelids and cheeks a brief scrub. At one point he cranes his head back so his neck can be massaged. He might have had a rocky start in life, but Paul certainly appears to be one happy cow now. De-mudding: Paul the cow, a rescued resident of the animal sanctuary in Butjadingen, Germany, was filmed as he enjoyed a grooming session on a giant cleaning machine . Scrubbing up well: Footage shows him closing his eyes in bliss as the roller combs over his coat . Hitting all the spots: At one point he cranes his head back so his neck can be massaged . | Paul the cow, a rescued resident of the animal sanctuary in Germany was filmed as he enjoyed a grooming session on a giant cleaning machine . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Joe Schmidt is hoping his champion Ireland team won’t get distracted by the massive World Cup hype now surrounding them after they clinched back-to-back Six Nations championships in the most dramatic fashion. Just 180 days away from kicking off their global campaign on September 19, Schmidt has finally admitted he is targeting a first semi-final spot in the tournament. However, he hopes the tide of optimism after a second successive title and a run of 11 wins in 12 matches won’t be too much of a burden for Ireland to carry in six months’ time. Joe Schmidt hopes his Ireland team won't be distracted by the World Cup hype now surrounding them . The Ireland players celebrate as they are crowned Six Nations champions in Edinburgh on Saturday . ‘Based on the comments of some people, including some of our own people, we’re not that much of a threat,’ said Schmidt. ‘Hopefully we can continue to stay a little bit under the radar, but I’m not sure if we can. Maybe we have blown that,’ he added when asked by Sportsmail what message was sent to the world by Ireland winning successive titles for the first time since 1949. ‘I just think it’s going to be an incredibly tough tournament. We’ve never made a semi and everybody knows that is where we’ve got to try to get to. ‘That is what we will work towards and probably the low-key approach. If we can take that into that challenge, it would be great because you can get distracted and that is always a risk. ‘The fact that we just managed to get the silverware is a testament to the group we’ve got.’ Paul O'Connell holds aloft the Six Nations trophy at Murrayfield after Ireland were crowned champions . Schmidt smiles as he is carried by his players after their Six Nations success . | Ireland lifted the Six Nations trophy after beating Scotland on Saturday . Joe Schmidt admits he is targeting a semi-final spot at the World Cup . He hopes his team won't get distracted by the World Cup hype . Ireland have won 11 of their last 12 matches, and back-to-back Six Nations . |
Give a bulleted list of the main characteristic of metals listed in the passage | Metals are typically malleable and ductile, deforming under stress without cleaving.The nondirectional nature of metallic bonding is thought to contribute significantly to the ductility of most metallic solids. In contrast, in an ionic compound like table salt, when the planes of an ionic bond slide past one another, the resultant change in location shifts ions of the same charge closer, resulting in the cleavage of the crystal. Such a shift is not observed in a covalently bonded crystal, such as a diamond, where fracture and crystal fragmentation occurs. Reversible elastic deformation in metals can be described by Hooke's Law for restoring forces, where the stress is linearly proportional to the strain. | - Malleable
- Ductile
- Deforming under stress without cleaving |
Which film won multiple Filmfare Awards?
A. Mumbai Meri Jaan
B. Govardhan
C. C.I.D.
D. The end titles are accompanied by the song Aye Dil Hain Mushkil. | Mumbai Meri Jaan (translation: Mumbai, My Life) is a 2008 Indian drama film directed by Nishikant Kamat and produced by Ronnie Screwvala. It stars R. Madhavan, Irrfan Khan, Soha Ali Khan, Paresh Rawal and Kay Kay Menon. It deals with the aftermath of the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings, where 209 people lost their lives and over 700 were injured. It won multiple Filmfare Awards.Rupali Joshi (Soha Ali Khan) is a successful reporter who is getting married in two months. Nikhil Agrawal (Madhavan) is an environmentally conscious executive who rides the train to work every day and is expecting his first child. Suresh (Kay Kay Menon) is a struggling computer tech who spends his time loafing at a local cafe and criticizing Muslims. Meanwhile, Sunil Kadam (Vijay Maurya) struggles with the corruption and inefficiency of the Mumbai police force and his boss, Tukaram Patil (Paresh Rawal), who is nearing retirement.On 11 July Nikhil and Suresh are in the second class compartment of a train when a bomb goes off in the first class compartment. The two survive, but Nikhil is too afraid to take the train again and is diagnosed with acute stress disorder. Suresh becomes obsessed with punishing the city's Muslims and is only stopped from antagonising them by Kadam and Patil on patrol. Kadam and Patil abuse a street vendor named Thomas (Irrfan Khan) who begins calling in fake bomb scares at malls to relieve his feelings. After an elderly man suffers a heart attack while the police are evacuating one mall, Thomas feels guilty and decides to stop.Rupali, who rushed to the scene of the bombings to cover the story, is devastated when she discovers that her fiancé died in the blasts. Her grief is augmented when the news channel she works for tries to exploit her story for ratings. Meanwhile, Suresh pursues a Muslim that he suspects of being a terrorist. However, after Patil stops him and lectures him on communal harmony, Suresh befriends the man.After Nikhil's wife goes into labour, he is forced to take the train to get to the hospital. Mumbai stops for two minutes while the city observes a moment of silence for those killed in the bombings. Patil finally retires from the police force and Kadam forgives him for his corrupt actions. Nikhil overcomes his fear of trains and Thomas gives a rose to the elderly man whose heart attack he caused.Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie - WinnerFilmfare Best Screenplay Award - WinnerFilmfare Best Editing Award - WinnerNational Film Award for Best Special Effects for Govardhan (Tata Elxsi) - WinnerBest Feature Film at the New Generation Cinema Lyon Film Festival - WinnerBest Screenplay award at the 2009 Asia Pacific Screen Awards - NominationThe end titles are accompanied by the song \Aye Dil Hain Mushkil\" (also known as \"Bombay Meri Jaan\") from the 1956 film C.I.D. | The film from this prompt that won multiple Filmfare Awards was Mumbai Merj Jaan. It won the award for Best Screenplay, Best Editing, and Best Special Effects at the 2009 Asian Pacific Screen Awards. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manny Pacquiao's preparations for the biggest fight of his career against Floyd Mayweather Jnr have been disrupted by his opponent's manager/adviser, claims trainer Freddie Roach. Pacquiao took to Instagram on Thursday to post the latest video of him at work from his Los Angeles training camp, as his $300million bout at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas draws closer on May 2. However, Roach has accused Al Haymon - who works with Mayweather - as attempting to sabotage their sparring selections ahead of the fight. VIDEO Scroll down to see Manny Pacquiao training ahead of Floyd Mayweather bout . Manny Pacquiao uploaded an Instagram post on Thursday undergoing some shadow boxing . Pacquiao's welterweight unification bout against Floyd Mayweather is expected to total $300million . Al Haymon is an adviser, manager and/or promoter to many top boxers in the United States. The Cleveland-born Haymon initially made his fortune in music by promoting such acts as MC Hammer, Whitney Houston and The O’Jays before venturing into boxing. A business administration graduate, his biggest client is Floyd Mayweather Jnr - who he helped leave Top Rank promotions. As well as Mayweather his elite 150-fighter stable also includes Britain's Amir Khan, Deontay Wilder and Julio Cesar Chavez - a man Carl Froch is keen to fight. The 55-year-old claims that they have had several chosen sparring partners, who have a similar fighting style to Mayweather, decline their offer to train with their camp because Haymon's team have offered them more more money to stay at home - in attempt to derail their preparations. 'I'm hiring sparring partners, Al Haymon's people calls them up and offers more money for them not to come. [But] I'm not worried about those guys,' Roach told ABS-CBN News. 'We got four really good sparring partners for Manny for this fight, Mayweather look-alikes. 'We started our game plan five years ago but we changed it a little bit. Definitely there will be some adjustments. I'm confident that we'll win the fight and this will be the biggest fight night of all our lives. 'The guy is undefeated, he's a very good boxer and he's the most talented fighter we'll ever face. He's tricky also... he's intelligent as a fighter. I believe we need to fight the perfect fight.' Freddier Roach (right, pictured in November) claims Al Haymon is paying fighters not to spar with Pacquiao . Haymon (centre) works with Mayweather (right) as his manager/adviser and helped arranged the May 2 fight . Roach (right) believes Haymon has paid fighters to stay at home - in a bid to derail Pacquiao's preparations . The eagerly-anticipated bout on May 2 pits Mayweather's WBA and WBC welterweight world titles against Pacquiao's WBO crown in a unification fight. The two camps have had an acrimonious relationship at times in the past and that appears to have continued following Roach's latest comments. Despite the apparent setbacks, Pacquiao looked in good shape judging by his most recent social media upload which demonstrated his hand-speed. The Philippine star's trait, combined with his punching-power, has proved a destructive combination that has yielded 57 wins from a 64-fight professional career - with 38 of those via knockout. And these skills were on show as he he engaged in some shadow boxing in the ring. Accompanied with the caption: 'Day 3 of my gym work out i feel slow but i'm not worried because i still have a lot of time. Thank you Lord for strengthening me day by day. God Bless everyone,' [sic] the southpaw boxer dances his way around the ring while throwing some combinations. | Manny Pacquiao fights Floyd Mayweather at the MGM Grand on May 2 . Pacquiao shows off impressive hand-speed during training session . 36-year-old's trainer Freddie Roach claims their plans are being sabotaged . Roach believes Al Haymon is paying people not to spar with Pacquiao . Haymon is a manager/adviser that works with Mayweather . CLICK HERE for all the latest Pacquiao vs Mayweather news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | California Chrome, the 2014 Kentucky Derby winner who finished second to Prince Bishop in Saturday’s Dubai World Cup, has been confirmed as a definite runner at Royal Ascot in June. The four-year-old, trained by Art Sherman, has the 10-furlong Prince Of Wales’s Stakes on June 17 in his sights but could first take in the one-mile Lockinge Stakes at Newbury on May 16. California Chrome will be based at Rae Guest’s stable in Newmarket during his stay here. California Chrome has been confirmed as a definite runner for Royal Ascot in June . Co-owner Perry Martin said: ‘We are grateful for the opportunity to race at Royal Ascot and hopeful that California Chrome can put up a good show. We are looking forward to the experience.’ Further overseas interest in the Prince Of Wales’s Stakes could be supplied by Japan’s Spielberg, a Grade One winner on his home turf and third in the Japan Cup in November. The news of California Chrome’s British venture emerged hours before Newmarket trainer Roger Varian confirmed that his 2014 St Leger winner and Arc fourth Kingston Hill will miss the first half of the season. Prince Bishop crosses the finish line at Meydan to win the Dubai World Cup on Saturday . Races like the Coronation Cup at Epsom and the King George at Ascot had been expected to be on Kingston Hill’s agenda. Varian said: ‘He has sustained a superficial injury to his left fore. He is sound but sore. He has an area of significant bruising and inflammation which will take time to settle. ‘We will now target the top middle distance races later in the season with all roads leading back to Longchamp in October for a another crack at the Prix de l’ Arc De Triomphe.’ | California Chrome has been confirmed for Royal Ascot in June . The four-year-old has the Prince of Wales's Stakes in his sights . The horse finished runner-up to Prince Bishop in the Dubai World Cup . |
Summarize how tourism impacted Hawaii in a variety of areas | Impacts of tourism in Hawaii
Economic
As Hawaii changed from a Kingdom to a Territory to a State, so too did the dominant industries change. Being a primarily agricultural land, producing around 80 percent of the world's pineapples in the 1960s, the addition of Pan Am’s flight route to Hawaii rapidly increased the number of visitors going to the islands. The years following statehood led to more than double the number of passengers arriving at Honolulu airport. As this trend continues to increase, Hawaii's economy has become heavily dependent on the tourism industry. Although the economy has seen significant growth with the addition of this industry, some researchers believe this will leave Hawaii susceptible to external economic forces. Some examples of these are an economic recession, airline strikes, or varying fuel prices which could devastate the local economy. The devastating national economic recession of 2008, hit Hawaii's tourism industry hard. In 2008, hotel occupancy dropped to 60 percent, a level not seen since the terrorist attacks in 2001.
As the economy has returned to normal levels, the tourism industry has continued to grow in Hawaii with the majority of tourists visiting Oahu, Maui, Kauai and the big island of Hawaii. Job creation is another benefit of tourism to the islands. In 2017, reports say 204,000 jobs were related to tourism. This led to $16.78 billion in visitor spending with $1.96 billion generated in tax revenue in that year alone. Resorts and the airline business are the primary benefactors of this increase in tourism.
Environmental
The Sustainable Tourism Association of Hawaii (formerly the Hawaii Ecotourism Association) was founded in 1995 as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit to nurture the development of sustainable tourism in Hawaii. It offers a certification program to educate and recognize conservation-minded tour operators in Hawaii, the only such certification program of its kind in America.
The long term environmental implications that Hawaii is facing due to mass tourism has raised concern. To combat this and help raise awareness, international environmental organizations have joined forces with local island communities. There are major benefits to this type of management, usually described as "values-led management". By prioritizing the values and existing sustainable practices by local communities living on heavily visited islands, it preserves their interests and further respects their culture.
Water
Hotels are often placed near beaches, in areas with little rainfall, and guests use 2,000 to 10,000 litres (440 to 2,200 imp gal; 530 to 2,640 US gal) of water per person. Another study concluded that on average, a single guest uses approximately 1,300 to 3,600 litres (290 to 790 imp gal; 340 to 950 US gal) of water per day, divided approximately half between accommodations (laundry and sewer) and golf courses (irrigation). This is significantly more than the average resident and has led to a number of droughts throughout the islands.
Landscape
The number of hotel rooms from 1985 to 2010 nearly doubled from 65,000 to 132,000 rooms. Tourists visit destinations with developed infrastructure, groomed activities and pristine conditions, which boosts the economy and finances needed to uphold these facilities. On the other hand, the very creation of these institutions degrades the environmental factors tourists are drawn to. Having perfect conditions requires an amount of upkeep fueled by the revenue of the visitors but the visitors also degrade the environment at a faster rate than residents alone.
A direct effect of the increase in infrastructure is the depletion of the natural landscape. As buildings are constructed the amount of natural land becomes smaller and smaller. As hotels are constructed in prime real estate the environmental problems created are not weighed equally with the potential upside of profit. The government sees the creation of jobs and the increase in visitor spending in the state as a good thing. Those are quantitative variables that can be directly measured in terms of dollars and number of jobs. However, the impact to the environment or the indigenous people is harder to measure in term of absolutes. Hawaii only holds 0.2 percent of the United States land but has a 72.1 percent extinction rate, and more than half of the natural communities in the islands are endangered by developments. An example of this is natural ponds being destroyed during construction of large buildings which were previously home to migrating birds. The ponds are no longer there, which throws off the natural flow of the ecosystem. Another staggering statistic says that nearly 60 percent of the plant and animal species in Hawaii are endangered. This includes the loss of habitats for animals and the diverse flora that gives Hawaii its beauty being degraded at an alarming rate.
Energy
Main article: Energy in Hawaii
Hawaii has traditionally relied on fossil fuel-fired thermal power plants for its electricity generation, although it has set a statewide goal of achieving 100% of electric generation via renewable sources by 2045; as a result, the average guest uses the equivalent of 6.4 to 13 kilograms (14 to 29 lb) of oil per day, approximately 2⁄3 of which is consumed by rental car operation. For electricity alone, the average guest uses 23.9 to 33.6 kW-hr per day.
Refuse
The beaches in Hawaii are becoming increasingly filled with trash, especially plastics. This becomes a problem not only environmentally, but also could have a negative impact on the economy as visitors come for the sandy beaches and pollutants such as trash or plastics decrease the appeal of Hawaii as a vacation destination. Kamilo Beach on the southeastern tip of the island of Hawaii has acquired the nickname "Plastic Beach" for its accumulation of plastic trash, much of it borne via ocean currents and trade winds from the nearby Great Pacific garbage patch. It is estimated that 15 to 20 short tons (14 to 18 t) of trash, 96% of which is plastic, washes ashore here annually.
The average guest generates approximately 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb) of waste per day. In order to reduce the generation of plastic waste, Hawaii has begun to ban the use of single-use plastic and polystyrene foam on a county-by-county approach. A ban on polystyrene foam containers took effect in Maui County on December 31, 2018; a similar ban started in Hawaii County (the Big Island) on July 1, 2019. Oahu's ban on single-use plastic and polystyrene will take effect on January 1, 2021. Two bills were considered by the Hawaii State Legislature in early 2019, which would have been the first state-wide bans on food service plastics in America. SB367 would ban the use of polystrene foam food containers statewide; that bill died in committee in March 2019. SB522 would ban single-use plastic beverage bottles, utensils, stirring sticks, polystyrene foam containers, and straws starting in 2021; that bill was modified in committee to create a working group to make recommendations on how to reduce plastic waste instead.
Social effect
Some Native Hawaiians believe strongly in the independence of Hawaii and the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. The creation of this grassroots organization leads to a negative view towards visitors and the disruption of the natural land. This leads to a strong contention between developers and natives who believe the land should not be transformed into a commercial or residential development. Many of these individuals are reliant on the land as a means of living. The loss of the environment affects the socio-psychological well-being of those reliant on land and marine resources. Native Hawaiians and residents alike become limited in job opportunities with a heavily skewed job-base in the tourism industry.
The essay "Lovely Hula Lands" (later republished as "Lovely Hula Hands") by native Hawaiian academic and activist Haunani-Kay Trask is severely critical of the huge influx of tourists to Hawaiʻi, which she terms a "prostitution" of Hawaiian culture. She ends her essay with "let me just leave this thought behind. If you are thinking of visiting my homeland, please don't. We don't want or need any more tourists, and we certainly don't like them." However, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has condemned Trask for her anti-American statements, stating that such vitriol helps fuel racism in Hawaiʻi. | - From economic perspective, tourism shifted Hawaii from being primarily agricultural and self-sustainable to heavily dependent on tourism industries and more susceptible on external economic forces such as economic recession or fuel prices. Increasing number of jobs and state income are coming from tourism-related businesses
- On environmental perspective, the state of Hawaii established certification program to educate local communities to practice sustainable and conservation-minded tour operators
- On the resource perspective, water, landscape and energy usage increased significantly and led to concerns on reduced natural habitats for birds and animals
- On the refuse management perspective, trashes, especially plastics, became a major concern both environmentally and economically. Hawaii passed state laws in 2019 and 2021 to ban using plastics in food service, beverage bottles, utensils, stirring sticks, polystyrene foam containers, and straws. These are the first state-wide bans on food service plastics in America.
- On social effect perspective, there are tensions between Native Hawaiians and residents who hold negative views towards tourism and visitors and the increasingly booming tourism industry. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Dundee United manager Jackie McNamara pointed the finger of blame at ref Craig Thomson after Paul Paton was sent off in an apparent case of mistaken identity during a stormy 1-1 draw with Celtic in the Scottish Cup. Paton was astonished to be shown a red card along with Virgil van Dijk after the Dutchman and Calum Butcher clashed on the ground following a poor tackle by Celtic captain Scott Brown on Nadir Ciftci – who appeared to kick Brown’s head in retaliation. McNamara vowed to appeal in a bid to clear Paton for next Sunday’s League Cup final against Ronny Deila’s men at Hampden, and it remains to be seen whether SFA compliance officer Tony McGlennan will take retrospective action against Butcher, Ciftci or Brown, with TV pictures indicating they could all have seen red. Dundee United manager Jackie McNamara wasn't impressed with referee Craig Thomson's performance . Paul Paton was sent off in an apparent case of mistaken identity during a stormy 1-1 draw with Celtic . But the United boss claimed that, had the match official sent off Brown for the initial challenge, the ensuing melee and embarrassing card blunder would have been avoided. ‘I think we will be appealing,’ said McNamara, whose team were reduced to nine men in the second half when Paul Dixon was sent off for handling the ball in the box. ‘Paul Paton feels a bit hard done to for being sent off for nothing. He wasn’t even involved in the incident. But I think the ref should have dealt with the original bad challenge (from Brown) that sparked the whole thing off. But that went unnoticed. It was a two-footed challenge off the deck. It was a bad onebut it didn’t get dealt with properly. ‘We should be talking about the football rather than the ugly scenes. But, for me, the officials should have dealt with it first and we would not have had the problems we had today.’ Asked if he expects Brown to be hit with disciplinary action from the SFA, McNamara replied: ‘No comment.’ Ciftci scored United’s opener on the stroke of half time after Aiden Connolly appeared to go down easily in the box, with Celtic boss Deila later insisting the player should be punished for diving. Three minutes after the break, United’s Dixon was dismissed for blocking a goal-bound drive by Leigh Griffiths but the striker’s penalty was saved by keeper Radoslaw Cierzniak. Thomson ended up sending three players off, and United will appeal the red card of Paton . Griffiths had the last laugh, however, with a headed equaliser in the 71st minute to take the match to a replay at Parkhead on March 18. Ciftci was lucky to still be on the park after kicking out at Brown but McNamara claimed not to have seen the incident. ‘I need to see it. I haven’t looked back at the TV footage. And when Nadir gets tackled by Brown, the ball breaks and Butcher wins the challenge to put us through and I was looking at that next bit of play. I did not see what happened with van Dijk, Butcher or anyone else. I actually didn’t know the ref had got the wrong man until Paton came over and told me. It was a melee but the ref did not deal with the original bad challenge which sparked it all off.’ McNamara, whose side will now face Celtic four times in March, also defended young striker Connolly. ‘I don’t think he dived,’ he said. ‘I think he (Anthony Stokes) has caught him although he hasn’t caught him on the leg. It might have been soft but it was a penalty.’ McNamara had no complaints about the spot-kick award and red card when Dixon handled a shot by Griffiths. ‘Rules are rules but Rado made a great save. He didn’t deserve to lose a goal today. But we switched off for one moment and Griffiths peels off and scores a header. ‘We can take certain things from today’s game but Celtic will be saying the same. Cool heads will be needed for the final next week. The disciplinary side needs to be better. ‘It’s a chance for silverware and for the lads to create a bit of history. Will I be sick of the sight of Celtic by the end of our four games this month? Not if we beat them.’ | Paul Paton was sent off in a case of mistaken identity . Dundee United's Calum Butcher had tangled with Celtic's Virgil van Dijk . Jackie McNamara vowed to appeal the sending off to clear Paton's name . |
Who wrote the song House of Love | "House of Love" is a song by Australian duo Vika and Linda. It was released as the second single from her debut studio album Vika and Linda (1994). It peaked at number 98 in Australia and 32 in New Zealand. | House of Love is a song by Australian duo Vika and Linda. It was released as the second single from her debut studio album Vika and Linda (1994). It peaked at number 98 in Australia and 32 in New Zealand. |
Using the text provided, give me the type of engineers that are involved in fabrication of a solar power plant | Solar power plants derive their energy from sunlight, which is made accessible via photovoltaics (PV's). Photovoltaic panels, or solar panels, are constructed using photovoltaic cells which are made of silica materials that release electrons when they are warmed by the thermal energy of the sun. The new flow of electrons generates electricity within the cell. While PV's are an efficient method of producing electricity, they do burn out after a decade and thus, must be replaced; however, their efficiency, cost of operation, and lack of noise/physical pollutants make them one of the cleanest and least expensive forms of energy. Solar power plants require the work of many facets of engineering; electrical engineers are especially crucial in constructing the solar panels and connecting them into a grid, and computer engineers code the cells themselves so that electricity can be effectively and efficiently produced, and civil engineers play the very important role of identifying areas where solar plants are able to collect the most energy. | Although solar power plants require the work of many aspects of engineering, the three main types of engineers involved in fabrication of solar power plants are:
1. Electrical engineers who build solar panels and link them to the electrical grid
2. Computer engineers who program the cells themselves so that power can be produced effectively and efficiently
3. Civil engineer who play a critical role in determining sites where the solar plants can capture the most energy. |
Given this paragraph about the tour de france, how many riders are in the tour | There are usually between 20 and 22 teams, with eight riders in each. All of the stages are timed to the finish; the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times. The rider with the lowest cumulative finishing times is the leader of the race and wears the yellow jersey. While the general classification garners the most attention, there are other contests held within the Tour: the points classification for the sprinters, the mountains classification for the climbers, young rider classification for riders under the age of 26, and the team classification, based on the first three finishers from each team on each stage. Achieving a stage win also provides prestige, often accomplished by a team's sprint specialist or a rider taking part in a breakaway. | The are approximately between 160 and 176 riders start the tour de france. Each team has 8 member riders with between 20 and 22 teams participating. |
What type of persimmon can be eaten raw? | Numerous cultivars have been selected. Some varieties are edible in the crisp, firm state but it has its best flavor when allowed to rest and soften slightly after harvest. The Japanese cultivar 'Hachiya' is widely grown. The fruit has a high tannin content, which makes the unripe fruit astringent and bitter. The tannin levels are reduced as the fruit matures. Persimmons like 'Hachiya' must be completely ripened before consumption. When ripe, this fruit comprises thick, pulpy jelly encased in a waxy thin-skinned shell.[citation needed]
Commercially and in general, there are two types of persimmon fruit: astringent and non-astringent.
The heart-shaped Hachiya is the most common variety of astringent persimmon. Astringent persimmons contain very high levels of soluble tannins and are unpalatable if eaten before completely softened. The astringency of tannins is removed in various ways. Examples include ripening by exposure to light for several days and wrapping the fruit in paper (probably because this increases the ethylene concentration of the surrounding air).
The non-astringent persimmon is squat like a tomato and is most commonly sold as fuyu. Non-astringent persimmons are not actually free of tannins as the term suggests but rather are far less astringent before ripening and lose more of their tannic quality sooner. Non-astringent persimmons may be consumed when still very firm and remain edible when very soft. | Non-astrigent persimmon like fuyu can be eaten raw while astringent persimmon like Hachiya needs to be ripe to be eaten. |
Extract from the text who invented the Optophone. | The optophone is a device, used by the blind, that scans text and generates time-varying chords of tones to identify letters. It is one of the earliest known applications of sonification. Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe of Birmingham University invented the optophone in 1913, which used selenium photosensors to detect black print and convert it into an audible output which could be interpreted by a blind person. The Glasgow company, Barr and Stroud, participated in improving the resolution and usability of the instrument. | Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Hillary Clinton, pictured in 2012. The presumptive presidential candidate for the Democrats, used a personal email account when Secretary of State, rather than a government-issued email address . The computer server that transmitted and received Hillary Clinton's emails - on a private account she used exclusively for official business when she was Secretary of State - traced back to an Internet service-registered to her family's home in Chappaqua, New York, according to records reviewed. The highly unusual practice of a Cabinet-level official physically running her own email would have given Clinton, the presumptive Democratic presidential candidate, impressive control over limiting access to her message archives. It also would distinguish Clinton's secretive email practices as far more sophisticated than some politicians, including Mitt Romney and Sarah Palin, who were caught conducting official business using free email services operated by Microsoft Corp. and Yahoo Inc. Most Internet users rely on professional outside companies, such as Google Inc. or their own employers, for the behind-the-scenes complexities of managing their email communications. Government employees generally use servers run by federal agencies where they work. In most cases, individuals who operate their own email servers are technical experts or users so concerned about issues of privacy and surveillance they take matters into their own hands. Clinton has not described her motivation for using a private email account - [email protected] - which traced back to her own private email server registered under an apparent pseudonym - for official State Department business. Operating her own server would have afforded Clinton additional legal opportunities to block government or private subpoenas in criminal, administrative or civil cases because her lawyers could object in court before being forced to turn over any emails. And since the Secret Service was guarding Clinton's home, an email server there would have been well protected from theft or a physical hacking. But homebrew email servers are generally not as reliable, secure from hackers or protected from fires or floods as those in commercial data centers. Those professional facilities provide monitoring for viruses or hacking attempts, regulated temperatures, off-site backups, generators in case of power outages, fire-suppression systems and redundant communications lines. Scroll down for video . The Clintons' home in Chappaqua, upstate New York. Hillary Clinton's emails - on a private account she used exclusively for official business when she was Secretary of State - traced back to an Internet service-registered to the family's home . A spokesman for Clinton did not respond to requests seeking comment on Tuesday. Clinton ignored the issue during a speech on Tuesday night at the 30th anniversary gala of EMILY's List, which works to elect Democratic women who support abortion rights. It was unclear whom Clinton hired to set up or maintain her private email server, which the AP traced to a mysterious identity, Eric Hoteham. That name does not appear in public records databases, campaign contribution records or Internet background searches. Hoteham was listed as the customer at Clinton's $1.7 million home on Old House Lane in Chappaqua in records registering the Internet address for her email server since August 2010. The Hoteham personality also is associated with a separate email server, presidentclinton.com, and a non-functioning website, wjcoffice.com, all linked to the same residential Internet account as Mrs. Clinton's email server. The former president's full name is William Jefferson Clinton. In November 2012, without explanation, Clinton's private email account was reconfigured to use Google's servers as a backup in case her own personal email server failed, according to Internet records. That is significant because Clinton publicly supported Google's accusations in June 2011 that China's government had tried to break into the Google mail accounts of senior U.S. government officials. It was one of the first instances of a major American corporation openly accusing a foreign government of hacking. Then, in July 2013, five months after she resigned as Secretary of State, Clinton's private email server was reconfigured again to use a Denver-based commercial email provider, MX Logic, which is now owned by McAfee Inc., a top Internet security company. The New York Times reported on Monday that Clinton exclusively used a personal email account it did not specify to conduct State Department business. The disclosure raised questions about whether she took actions to preserve copies of her old work-related emails, as required by the Federal Records Act. A Clinton spokesman, Nick Merrill, told the newspaper that Clinton complied with the letter and spirit of the law because her advisers reviewed tens of thousands of pages of her personal emails to decide which ones to turn over to the State Department after the agency asked for them. In theory but not in practice, Clinton's official emails would be accessible to anyone who requested copies under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act. Under the law, citizens and foreigners can compel the government to turn over copies of federal records for zero or little cost. Since Clinton effectively retained control over emails in her private account even after she resigned in 2013, the government would have to negotiate with Clinton to turn over messages it can't already retrieve from the inboxes of federal employees she emailed. The AP has waited more than a year under the open records law for the State Department to turn over some emails covering Clinton's tenure as the nation's top diplomat, although the agency has never suggested that it didn't possess all her emails. Clinton's private email account surfaced publicly in March 2013 after a convicted Romanian hacker known as Guccifer published emails stolen from former White House adviser Sidney Blumenthal. The Internet domain was registered around the time of her secretary of state nomination. Rep. Trey Gowdy, R-S.C., chairman of the special House committee investigating the Benghazi attacks, said the committee learned last summer - when agency documents were turned over to the committee - that Clinton had used a private email account while secretary of state. More recently the committee learned that she used private email accounts exclusively and had more than one, Gowdy said. President Obama signed a bill last year that bans the use of private email accounts by government officials unless they retain copies of messages in their official account or forward copies to their government accounts within 20 days. The bill did not become law until more than one year after Clinton left the State Department. | The unusual practice of a Cabinet-level official physically running her own email would have given Clinton control over limiting access to her archives . In most cases, individuals who operate their own email servers are users so concerned about privacy they take matters into their own hands . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If Eoin Morgan really believes what he said after England's miserable World Cup ended with an anti-climactic win over Afghanistan at a near-empty Sydney Cricket Ground, then they are in even more trouble than we thought. The England one-day captain was either protecting his players or is in total denial after an early World Cup exit caused by England's extreme limitations in the 50-over format being repeatedly, brutally and embarrassingly exposed. It is the only explanation for Morgan insisting he had 'no regrets' and, even more bizarrely, saying that he felt all the England players who have under-performed so spectacularly here should carry on in the one-day blue clothing. England captain Eoin Morgan insists he and his side have 'no regrets' over their early World Cup exit . Morgan (second left) walks off the field with Ian Bell (third left) as rain delays play on Friday . This was another deflating day for England even if they did win their final, meaningless group match with ease on a soggy day in Sydney against a willing but mediocre team of minnows in Afghanistan. It was a game that was hardly worth playing and one that even the 9,000 present would have been happy to see rained off so that they could watch the far more entertaining New Zealand win over Bangladesh on TV. The statistics, if we dare bring those up, will tell you that England were businesslike in restricting Afghanistan to 111 for seven off 36.2 overs before knocking off their revised target of 101 in 25 overs with 41 balls to spare. But then came another strange press conference from a captain who has been a massive disappointment since taking over from Alastair Cook on the eve of this tournament, not least with the bat. England batsman James Taylor plays a shot as Afghanistan wicket-keeper Afsar Zazai watches on . Bell shakes hands with Afghanistan players following England's hollow consolation win at the World Cup . 'There are no regrets, absolutely not. We gave it everything,' Morgan insisted after England had managed to equal statistically their worst ever World Cup by defeating a second minnow in Afghanistan as well as Scotland. Only in 1996 have they had such a shocker, on that occasion beating just Holland and the UAE. Then came the bombshell that a team who have failed dismally to come anywhere close to the pace being set by the leading nations in this tournament should all carry on towards the 2019 World Cup. When Morgan was asked if England should make changes as they play catch-up in one-day cricket, he said: 'No, absolutely not. We haven't got guys who are coming towards the end of their careers. I don't see any reason why any of them should retire. I think we have the right calibre of squad. Guys on the outside need to be banging down the door. It's an easy thing to sit here while we're not doing well and say someone outside the squad is better. We considered everybody when we selected the squad and I still believe we had the right group of players here.' Bell plays a shot during England's match against Afghanistan at the Sydney Cricket Ground . Taylor (left) and Morgan celebrate the wicket of Afghanistan's Samiullah Shinwari during Friday's win . England batsman Alex Hales plays a shot during the final match of England's poor World Cup campaign . That may be so but if the time is not ripe for change now, then we may as well all give up on the 50-over format and go home. For instance, Ian Bell made an unbeaten 52 yesterday in his 161st one-day international but surely that must be his final appearance in a one-day shirt, whether he retires or is dropped. Also, there seems no point in either Jimmy Anderson or Stuart Broad slogging away in one-day cricket for little reward when there is the small matter of 17 Tests coming up in 10 months, starting with a tour of the West Indies.Then there is the position of the captain himself, who said he was 'hungry' to carry on at the helm. Yet Morgan is not hungry enough, it seems, to lead England in their next one-day international, against Ireland in Dublin in May. Instead he will be at the Indian Premier League even though the coach of his Hyderabad team, Tom Moody, has intimated that Morgan is a squad player and is likely to remain on the bench rather than in the action. The bottom line is that England should have been heading to Melbourne today for a World Cup quarter-final against an India team they defeated twice in the tri-series here before their world fell apart. They could even have won that and reached the semi-finals, and from there who knows what might have happened. What a wasted opportunity. What a reality check for English one-day cricket. And if Morgan truly believes that no changes need to be made now, then he is the wrong man to take England forward after this disaster of a World Cup. England's win over Afghanistan attracted only a handful of supporters to conclude a dismal World Cup . Despite their early exit the World Cup, Morgan suggests England should stick with the current squad . | Eoin Morgan says he has 'no regrets' over England's woeful World Cup exit . The win against Afghanistan was a sorry consolation for a poor tournament . England's low-key victory was played in front of a half-empty stadium . But Morgan believes England should persist with the current squad . His defiant comments are certainly cause for concern for English cricket . |
How many regions make up the ITV network? | The history of ITV, the United Kingdom "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.
Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.
By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group. | ITV started with three large regions in 1955. This expanded to 14 regions in 1962. In 2016 12 of the 14 regions shared national ITV branding in England and Wales with Scotland branded as STV and Northern Ireland as UTV. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wales manager Chris Coleman has noticed no difference in Gareth Bale's mood ahead of his side's huge Euro 2016 qualifier in Israel and believes the Real Madrid superstar is ready to perform. Bale has had to endure a rough ride in Spain of late, with his worth to Real being questioned by both fans and the powerful Madrid media. The world's most expensive player has been booed by his own supporters and had his car attacked outside the club's training ground following last weekend's Clasico defeat to bitter rivals Barcelona. Wales captain Ashley Williams (left) shares a joke with Gareth Bale (right) in training on Friday . But Coleman insists Bale remains relaxed around the Wales camp and the thought of him having a conversation with the forward about his club situation has not even entered his head. 'I cannot see any difference in Baley at all,' Coleman said on the eve of Group B's top two sides meeting in Haifa on Saturday night. 'If I thought it was bothering him, and we're all human beings so I know it can bother you from time to time and you can get a bit down, and it was a problem then I would have sat down with him and had that conversation. Wales boss Chris Coleman is adamant his side can cope with a hostile atmosphere in Haifa on Saturday . Real Madrid star Gareth Bale , who has received harsh criticism in recent weeks, appears relaxed in training . 'But we have not mentioned Real Madrid, we have only talked about Wales, Israel and the job in hand. 'He is happy, relaxed and more importantly he is fit and ready to play.' Bale has been singled out for some rough treatment in the group so far, most noticeably from Cyprus last October, and the 25-year-old could be a marked man again on a night where a hostile atmosphere is expected as group leaders Israel defend their unblemished record against second-placed Wales. Israel coach Eli Guttman insists his side do not have players 'strong enough to kick Bale out of the game' but Coleman remains philosophical about the treatment his star man could receive at the Sammy Ofer Stadium. Aaron Ramsey (left) and Bale (right) watch on as Wales defender James Collins holds possession . 'We cannot come back without anything,' Coleman said. 'That is not the stage we are at. We know what we are up against and they will know that about us. 'Their game against Belgium on Tuesday will not exist for them, they are only thinking about us and that is not our business. Bale holds off his team-mates in training as Wales hope to maintain their unbeaten start in Group B . 'It is up to Israel to do what they want to do,' Coleman said. 'Israel have to do what they have to do to get a result, as do we. But the attention is nothing new for Gareth. 'He has played most of his football in the Premier League and that is the most physically demanding league in the world. 'I've also watched him out in Spain come through the Madrid derbies and the Clasico and we know all the focus will be on him. 'But we have a good squad and our strength is our togetherness. 'We are not here because of one player. Gareth is a huge help, but he is part of something that has been growing.' The Real Madrid star stretches during a training session in Israel on Friday afternoon . Wales remain unbeaten after four games but are one point behind Israel, who play their match in hand at home to group favourites Belgium on Tuesday. Coleman has described the Haifa showdown as Wales' biggest match since the Euro 2004 play-off defeat to Russia, and admits that failing to make the finals in France in two years' time would hurt everyone connected with Welsh football. 'I was part of a couple of great Welsh sides that never did it, qualified for a major tournament,' Coleman said. 'I enjoyed the excitement but the disappointment lasts forever. We have a good current group and we are going in the right direction but we have been here before. 'One foot in the door does not get you there. I do not want to play things down, we have earned this pressure and this is what it is all about. 'But we have to continue to work hard to get to where we want to go and I'm not being arrogant when I say it's about us and not anyone else.' | Israel face Wales in Group B on Saturday in the Euro 2016 qualifiers . Captain Ashley Williams is set to win his 50th cap for Wales . Wales unbeaten and second in Euro 2016 qualifying Group B, behind Israel . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An oral surgeon has given up his license and sold his practice after he was accused of being under the influence of medications when he pulled the wrong teeth from two patients and operated on the wrong side of a patient's mouth, officials said. Dr Gary Dean Burnidge, 75, voluntarily surrendered his license to the state's dental board last month. The board began investigating after an internal complaint filed in October said Burnidge slurred his speech and drooled while operating on a patient. According to the complaint, he extracted the wrong teeth from two patients and attempted to extract a tooth without numbing the area first. A 75-year-old dentist, who is believed to have extracted the wrong teeth from two patients, surrendered his license in Tulsa, Oklahoma (stock image) Burnidge also is accused of giving patients too much anesthesia, requiring a procedure to restore their blood oxygen levels. The dental board said that during its investigation it discovered that Burnidge was purchasing controlled medications from the pharmacy next door, including Valium, Neurotonin and Phenergan, which can be used as a sedative. According to an order by the board, the dentist asked his staff to give him injections that they believe made him impaired. The board asked to see several patient files, but they were not available. According to the order, staff reported seeing Burnidge's wife in the office throwing away files. Susan Rogers, the board's executive director, described Burnidge as a well-respected dentist. She said he told the board he had health problems and was planning retirement soon. A call to Burnidge's former practice to seek comment on the allegations rang unanswered and there was no way to leave a message. | Dr Gary Dean Burnidge, 75, voluntarily surrendered his license to the state's dental board in Tulsa, Oklahoma . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Are the upcoming elections in Israel crucial? Will the results -- a fourth term for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu or a first for opposition leader Isaac Herzog -- change Israel's policy in a significant way? As Israelis prepare to go to the polls, the answer seems to be negative. Many observers in Europe and the United States seem to be under the impression that during Netanyahu's time in power, Israel was hijacked by right wing zealots -- and that Herzog, leader of the Zionist Union opposition party, is the man who will save the country and return it to the path of sanity. But the fact is that when it comes to the most crucial question regarding the future of Israel and the Middle East -- what to do about the Palestinians -- the difference between the two candidates is negligible, a divergence that is short on substance but long on style and rhetoric. While Netanyahu's insistence on Israel's continued ruling over millions of Palestinians is expressed in aggressive, often religious and nationalistic language, Herzog's justifications for doing the same thing would sound much softer and easier to digest in the Western world. But at the end of the day, neither Netanyahu nor Herzog have any real intention to put an end to the occupation of the Palestinian territories. Netanyahu says it clearly and openly; Herzog and his coalition partners only hint at it. READ MORE: 5 key issues for next Israeli leader . This whitewash has been so evident throughout the entire election campaign that a foreigner arriving in Israel would have had a hard time understanding anything about what is really going on here. The main issues that have been discussed during the campaign are economic ones -- cost of living, housing prices, government oversight -- but even then, slogans and populist promises have largely replaced the in-depth debates we should be having. But the topics that seem to have consumed most of the headlines range from pure gossip to scandals, some of them concerning the behavior of Netanyahu and his wife Sara. There was the "bottlegate" affair -- claims that the wife of the Prime Minister had pocketed cash from bottle recycling at their official residence. The Netanyahus say they reimbursed the government. Israel is a country that is still looking for its way forward; one that lacks internationally recognized borders; one that has not yet decided whether it is a Western society or a Middle Eastern one; one that cannot decide whether it wants to be religious or secular, Jewish or bi-national. All of these critical issues -- none of them decided on -- have been cast aside, ignored, covered up or denied by a country that has busied itself with the important business of recycled bottles at the prime minister's residence. There is a big elephant in the room, but Israel is turning its back to it. There is a big elephant in the room, but Israel believes that if nobody talks about it, the elephant does not exist. This elephant is absent from the Israeli discourse on a day-to-day basis, and it is absent during elections -- a time when public discourse should be only be focused on what really matters. The elephant in the Israeli room is the unending occupation of Palestinian territories, and nobody is talking about it. Most of the parties running in the elections have not even bothered to try to answer questions about what their plans are for the Palestinians. But the occupation also continues to be a non-issue for too many ordinary Israelis, who know very little -- and care even less -- about the cruel reality for the millions of Palestinians who live without civil rights in the West Bank and who are kept under siege in Gaza. For those who regard Herzog and the center-left as the great hope of this campaign, it is important to remember that it was the Israeli Labor Party who established the occupation and settlement projects in Palestinian territory. Golda Meir, Moshe Dayan, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin: Those Labor leaders, so beloved by the West, are the founding fathers of the most significant venture of modern Israel -- the illegal transfer of a Jewish population to stolen land. It was a project whose purpose was to prevent any kind of equal division of the land, or a settlement with the Palestinians -- and as such it has been a great success story. Labor never had a real plan for the Palestinians, except to time and again renew the endless peace process, which may be the longest in history. This is still true now, on the eve of elections that stand a real chance of bringing the Zionist Union to power. The more than 500,000 settlers in the West Bank and East Jerusalem have created what may be an irreversible reality, but Herzog's only answer to it is to get back to the negotiation table. In private circles he mentions five years as the time he needs to conclude the process. There is no better indication that Herzog has no intention of ending the occupation any time soon. Numerous peace plans have already been worked out in great detail; all that is needed is for one courageous Israeli leader to implement any one of them. Herzog, at least at this stage, does not seem to be the one capable of doing this. On Tuesday the "only democracy in the Middle East" will elect a new parliament and a new government, in what is frequently described as a celebration of "people power." But the reality is that here in Israel, it is only the masters who will vote and decide on the future -- not only for themselves, but for the millions of Palestinians who have for nearly half a century been living under their control, directly in the West Bank and indirectly in Gaza. And yet, it seems, their fate is not a topic worthy of discussion. To call this a democracy in 2015 is rather problematic. | Levy: Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory has gone mostly undiscussed ahead of Tuesday's election . Levy: Netanyahu, Herzog don't have the courage to end the occupation . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)On Friday, ISIS claimed responsibility for Yemen's deadliest terror attack. A day earlier it claimed responsibility for the worst terror attack in Tunisia. Last week it welcomed into the fold Boko Haram, a Nigerian terrorist group with thousands of fanatical fighters that dominates territory the size of New Jersey. All this came in the wake of the group's rapid expansion across Libya, its assimilation of a powerful Egyptian terrorist group, and the founding of small chapters in Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Algeria, where its new affiliate last year beheaded a French hiker. The group's momentum may have stalled in Syria and Iraq, but its supporters from the Atlantic to the Hindu Kush appear to be heeding its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call to "erupt volcanoes of jihad." By far the most surprising development was its claim of responsibility for the twin suicide bomb blasts that killed over 130 in Houthi-Shia mosques in Sanaa, Yemen, on Friday and another attack in the north. ISIS was only thought to have a fledgling presence in Yemen and had only claimed one previous attack, the assassination of a Yemeni security official north of Aden earlier this month. Al Qaeda in Yemen, or AQAP, has for years been the dominant Jihadi group inside Yemen, but it denied involvement in the mosque attacks, saying it was against its principles to target mosques, bolstering the ISIS claim. This indicates ISIS has very quickly built up an operational capability inside Yemen in the months since jihadis inside the country released an audiotape declaring allegiance to Baghdadi last November. Only two developments could explain this: defections from AQAP or the return home of Yemeni ISIS veterans skilled in urban warfare and explosives. There is no love lost these days between the two groups. Since Baghdadi declared ISIS had expanded into Yemen late last year there has been an escalating war of words between them, with ISIS claiming AQAP was not doing enough to target Houthis and AQAP declaring that the ISIS caliphate was illegitimate. While AQAP has acknowledged previous internal disagreements about whether to support ISIS, there have been relatively few defections. Its charismatic leader, Nasir al-Wuhayshi, al Qaeda's global number two, is extremely popular among the group's rank and file. In recent months the group has reaped a recruitment windfall from Sunni tribal anger over the Houthi takeover of Sanaa, allowing it to expand its operations across Yemen. But ISIS appears now to have laid down the gauntlet, declaring its attacks Friday were the "tip of the iceberg." In targeting the Houthi mosques in Sanaa, ISIS would be quite deliberately repeating the sectarian strategy of its founder, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who launched a devastating suicide bombing on Golden Mosque in Samarra in February 2006, which plunged Iraq into a full-blown sectarian civil war. Al-Zarqawi correctly calculated that the Shia, infuriated by the attack on their most sacred shrines, would violently retaliate, driving Sunnis into the embrace of the jihadis. Yemen appears now to be on the brink of a similar civil war. The terrorist attack on the Bardo Museum in Tunisia on Wednesday that killed 23 was the worst terrorist attack on tourists in the Arab world since the 1997 massacre in Luxor, Egypt. It would also be ISIS' most spectacular act of international terrorism since it carried out coordinated suicide bombings on American and international hotels in Amman, Jordan, in 2005. But Tunisia is right on Europe's doorstep, just 30 miles across the sea from the southern Italian island of Pantelleria. ISIS has so far offered no proof to back up its claim it was responsible. Yet several factors give the claim credence. Firstly, as of late Friday no other group had claimed responsibility. Secondly, Tunisian investigators have established that two members of the cell that carried out the attack trained in the Derna and Benghazi region of Libya late last year. In November, CNN reported that ISIS was running several training camps in the Green Mountains between these two eastern Libyan towns where it was instructing recruits from across North Africa, including Tunisians. Thirdly, up to 3,000 Tunisians have traveled to Syria and Iraq, many to fight with ISIS. Five-hundred are believed to have returned home, including a significant number of trained killers, skilled in handling automatic weapons. The three most powerful new ISIS affiliates are in Egypt, Libya and Nigeria. Last November the Egyptian Sinai-based jihadi group Ansar Beit al-Maqdis pledged allegiance to ISIS. Bolstered by the return home from Syria of Egyptian ISIS veterans, in recent months the group has escalated its campaign of attacks against security forces in the Sinai and across Egypt and has put out its own gory beheading videos. The threat it poses to Western tourists was underlined last summer when it killed an American oil worker in the deserts southwest of Cairo in a carjacking. In Libya, ISIS is taking advantage of chaos and simmering civil war to rapidly expand. Last autumn it established a foothold in eastern Libya, bolstered by the return of 300 Libyan ISIS veterans and the arrival of a top deputy of al-Baghdadi. It is now the dominant force in Derna, has a presence in Benghazi and controls part of the town center in Sirte, on whose beaches it beheaded more than a dozen Egyptian Christians in February. It also has a growing presence in Tripoli, where its fighters in January carried out an attack on the five-star Corinthia hotel that killed several Westerners. In Nigeria, Boko Haram pledged allegiance to ISIS earlier this month and brought celebrations to the streets of Raqqa, ISIS' headquarters town in Syria. Boko Haram hopes it will bring a recruitment, fundraising and propaganda windfall. "The merger with the Islamic State was a strategic, calculated, and long-term decision coming from the top of the Boko Haram leadership and communications structure," wrote Jacob Zenn, an expert on the group, in a just released West Point Combating Terrorism Center study on ISIS' growing array of affiliates. Though military operations by Nigeria and Chad have eroded Boko Haram's safe haven in northeastern Nigeria in recent weeks, the group still has formidable capacity to terrorize the region. A signature tactic: beheading its enemies with chain saws. For reasons of geography, there appear to be fewer organizational ties between ISIS and Boko Haram than between ISIS and its affiliates in Libya and Egypt. "The numbers of Boko fighters who have fought or trained with ISIS in places such as Syria, Iraq, Turkey, and Libya and returned to Nigeria is believed to be small: fewer than 20 fighters and video-propagandists," Zenn, who was recently briefed by Nigerian intelligence officials, told CNN. ISIS' expansion into the southern shore of the Mediterranean has alarmed European governments. Italian fishermen operating off the south coast of Italy are so concerned they could be targeted by ISIS gunmen launching from Libya in speedboats that they have demanded protection from the Italian navy. Then there is the threat of trained European fighters returning home from the killing fields of Iraq and Syria. Over 3,000 Europeans have traveled to fight in Syria and Iraq, many with ISIS. More than 750 have returned. Among their number, according to Belgian counterterrorism officials, was a Belgian terrorist cell dispatched by ISIS from Syria to carry out a major terrorist attack in the heart of Europe. The plot was thwarted when several of the cell were killed in a gunbattle in eastern Belgium in January. European officials told CNN ISIS is increasingly pivoting toward plotting attacks in Europe. There is also concern ISIS could infiltrate non-European Union passport holders into Europe. Last year more than a hundred-thousand refugees arrived in Italy from Libya, according to the United Nations. French Prime Minister Manuel Valls warned Thursday that Europe faced the greatest terrorist threat in its history, the starkest warning yet from a head of a European government since ISIS set up its caliphate in Syria and Iraq. "The problem is not if there will be another attempted attack in France and in Europe, but to know when and where," he said. | ISIS was only thought to have a fledgling presence in Yemen, but claims responsibility for bombing there . ISIS supporters appear to be heeding its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's call to "erupt volcanoes of jihad" |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Martin O'Neill has admitted there are still places up for grabs in his Republic of Ireland team for Sunday's Euro 2016 showdown with Poland. The 63-year-old Ireland boss has spent the last week keeping his fingers crossed over a series of injury doubts, all the while considering options to plug potential gaps in his starting line-up. Everton midfielder Darron Gibson, who would have been in contention for Sunday's qualifier at the Aviva Stadium, has already returned to his club after admitting defeat in his battle against a groin problem, although O'Neill received better news on Friday when full-back Stephen Ward and winger James McClean were both able to train in Malahide. Martin O'Neill has admitted there are still places up for grabs in his Republic of Ireland team . Republic of Ireland's Stephen Quinn and Kevin Doyle during the training session at Gannon Park . However, the team will not be named until the day of the game, and that means there is still time for men to force their way into his plans. O'Neill said: 'I think there are positions up for grabs, like there have always been since I have come here, and I think any international manager would probably tell you exactly the same. 'He's got an idea that he can formulate a couple of weeks beforehand, but the first time that you really consider it is when you have players at your disposal for the week of the game. 'Of course, we have had one or two players who for one reason or another, generally through injury, haven't really been available for the start of the week, so then you have to formulate different ideas, different plans for the players that you think might participate in the game. 'But overall, there have always been positions up for grabs here.' Ward and McClean have both been struggling with ankle problems and while the Wigan winger has been a regular member of the starting XI under O'Neill, it is perhaps the absence of Burnley left-back Ward which would cause him the greater consternation. Marc Wilson can and has played at full-back, although has more recently been employed as a central defender by his country, while Ciaran Clark is also left-sided and could play in both positions. Goalkeeper Shay Given (right) trains alongside fellow stopper David Forde . Republic of Ireland player Daryl Murphy talks to the media during training ahead of the Poland clash . However, there is a school of thought which suggests that any vacancy on the left side of the back four could be filled by Hull winger Robbie Brady, who has operated there in the past for both club and country. Indeed, he scored twice from that position in November's 4-1 friendly victory over the United States in Dublin, and that has not been lost on his manager. O'Neill said: 'He did very well, really well, scored two goals and from that position on the field, was really excellent.' However, Ward's fitness - he has suffered some irritation from screws used to repair his fractured ankle - and readiness to play will be fully assessed before a final decision is taken. O'Neill said: 'I'll have a word with him now and see how he feels. This was the first bit of work that he's done, but we'll see. 'Fitness is very, very important, but sometimes players can get through on adrenaline. You wouldn't want to be going in with four or five players not having done that much, but Stephen knows himself now. If he thinks he can make it, well that's good news for us.' James McClean limped out of training on Tuesday ahead of Republic of Ireland's Euro 2016 clash with Poland . Republic of Ireland assistant manager Roy Keane in action as his side prepare for the Group D leaders . Poland currently lead Group D by three points from Germany, Scotland and Ireland, and while O'Neill does not necessarily view Sunday's encounter as a must-win affair, he knows the impetus a victory would give his side. He said: 'Naturally, we are at home and the onus is on us to try to get forward and try to win the game, and that's what we are going to try to do. 'But there are a number of games left in the competition. You mentioned the top two places [qualify] automatically - it's a tough old group we are in, but we are going for it.' Celebrations of Ireland's RBS Six Nations Championship victory last weekend are still very much ongoing, and O'Neill is hoping to take a little of that into the game. He said: 'The Irish rugby team has done fantastically well and maybe we could take something from that. They have given us a lead, let's go and try to continue that.' | Republic of Ireland face Poland in at Aviva Stadium in Dublin on Sunday . Martin O'Neill waiting on several injury doubts including Darron Gibson . Boss says team is not decided yet for the Euro 2016 qualifying clash . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A 90-year-old World War II veteran from Ohio delighted his family members on Thursday when he decided to go sledding on a snowy hill while being dragged by a roaring ATV. GoPro footage of Claude Bratcher making his way down a snowy hill with his trusty dog Smitty by his side was posted to YouTube on Friday and is already racking up thousands of views. WBIR reports that Bratcher was sledding with his great-grandkids, ages five through 17 on Thursday. Off they go!: Claude Bratcher, 90, and his dog Smitty go sliding down a snowy hill to the delight of Bratcher's family who decided to film his playful journey . Go grandpro!: Bratcher's family used GoPro technology to film him on the sled pulled by an ATV . The youngsters were joined by Bratcher, the biggest kid of all, as they took turns taking a sled ride pulled by an ATV. 'They were all out sledding,' Bratcher's son said on Friday night. 'I told Dad, "You want to ride over and watch them?" and he said, "Yeah, let's go." So I put him in the truck and we rode over, and he sat there awhile and said, 'I believe I'll try it, too."' Bratcher's grandson-in-law Anthony Smith along with the rest of the family whipped out their cameras to capture him in action. Then and now: Bratcher fought in World War II as a member of the 122nd US Naval Construction Battalion and he's still going strong . 'It really moves me to think about how people are saying, you know, "Go for it! He's 90 years old" And they're all upbeat about it, you know,' Smith said. 'I hope I'm that way when I'm his age,' he added. Bratcher fought in World War II as a member of the 122nd US Naval Construction Battalion and he's still going strong. 'Well, you can't sit down and do nothing. You have to stay busy," Bratcher said. "If you sit down and do nothing, you're in trouble.' Bratcher is very able bodied and continues to do work on his family's farm. | GoPro footage of Claude Bratcher making his way down a snowy hill with his trusty dog Smitty by his side was posted to YouTube on Friday . The video already has thousands of views . 'Well, you can't sit down and do nothing. You have to stay busy,' Bratcher said. 'If you sit down and do nothing, you're in trouble' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Secret Service has arrested two men in two separate White House security breaches that have occurred just hours apart, sparking lockdowns at the presidential mansion. On Sunday night, an unnamed suspect stepped over a bike rack situated outside the White House fence. The bike racks were installed last year following a high-profile fence-jumping incident that involved an Army veteran armed with a knife. Early Monday morning, another person attempted to walk through a gate while a construction crew were leaving. Scroll down for video . Breached: The White House, pictured Monday, has become the site of two new security breaches that took place just hours apart and sparked lockdowns . Sneak: A man tried to walk into a pedestrian entrance as construction workers were leaving the area . According to NBC, both men were taken into custody, and the Secret Service has given the all-clear at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. The agency has been tight-lipped about the two breaches, which are now under investigation. The suspects have not been named. The bike rack-jumping incident took place at around 11.30pm Sunday near the southwest corner of the presidential residence, reported MyFox DC. The male suspect was arrested and charged with unlawful entry. The breach led to a 30-minute lockdown at the White House. Just before 7am Monday, another man allegedly tried to walk into a pedestrian entrance as construction workers were leaving the area. A Secret Service agent stopped the intruder in his tracks and arrested him after a brief confrontation. The White House was placed on another lockdown that lasted only a few minutes following the second incident. The twin security breaches come just over a month after a small drone operated by a government employee accidentally crashed on the South Lawn of the White House. Agency under fire: An incident last September involving an armed fence jumper led to Secret Service director Julia Pierson's (left) resignation. Her replacement, Joseph Clancy (right), said on This Week Sunday that his agency is working to 'regain the trust' of the public . The Secret Service has come under scrutiny following a string of distressing incidents involving White House security. In September, an army veteran with a knife hidden in his pants jumped the fence and made it as far into the East Room before he was tackled. The breach led to Secret Service director Julia Pierson's resignation. Just 24 hours later, a college student drove up to the White House's security screening point and refused to leave, prompting his arrest. The White House was briefly on lockdown this past August after a toddler somehow managed to squeeze through the gates. In an interview on ABC's This Week Sunday, Joseph Clancy, the newly appointed director of the Secret Service, said his agency is working to 'regain the trust' of the public after the litany of security breaches, reported USA Today. ‘We have not received an unfair rap,’ Clancy said.’I think when you fail, and we have failed, we own it. Now, it's up to us to correct it.’ The White House has seen a string of security breaches in recent years, with over 40 fence jumpers making it on to the estate in the past five years, including four in just the last year. Other incidents have included a wandering toddler, a naked man, and eager reality stars. January 2015: An employee of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency accidentally crashed a small drone on the South Lawn at the White House while operating it from a nearby apartment. The White House was put on lockdown for more than two hours after the crone hobbyist lost control of the device. October 2014: Dominic Adesanya jumped the fence and made it onto the North Lawn before being taken down by two security dogs and arrested by the Secret Service. September 2014: Omar J. Gonzalez, an Iraq army veteran with a knife in his pants, scaled the fence from the Pennsylvania Avenue side of the White House and made it inside. He overpowered an officer at the entrance and ran through most of the main floor and made it to the East Room before he was finally captured. The shocking security breach launched congressional hearings and led to Secret Service director Julie Pierson's resignation. Just 24 hours later college student Kevin Carr was arrested for trespassing after he parked his car at a security checkpoint outside the estate and refused to leave. And in the same month a man wearing a Pikachu hat and carrying a plush doll of the Pokemon jumped the fence and walked on to the North Lawn. August 2014: The White House went on lockdown after a toddler somehow managed to squeeze through the gates. May 2014: A man was arrested for indecent exposure after stripping off all his clothes when he was denied access outside the White House. June 2013: Joseph Reed crashed a driverless jeep filled with bullets, knives and two machetes into the Pennsylvania Ave. gate, hoping to create a diversion so he could spray paint a 'Don't tread on me' snake - a symbol sometimes associated with the Tea Party movement - on the side of the White House. November 2009: In one of the most famous and extensive of breaches, reality TV stars Michaele and Tareq Salahi from Bravo show The Real Housewives of D.C. slipped past two Secret Service checkpoints and managed to crash a state dinner party that they were not on the guest list for. | A man was arrested at 11.30pm Sunday after jumping over bike rack near southwest corner of White House . Another person was confronted and apprehended by Secret Service agent at around 7am for trying to enter gate as construction workers were leaving . The bike rack-jumping incident led to 30-minute lockdown at the White House . The breaches come a month after small drone operated by government employee crashed on South Lawn of the White House . Secret Service Director Julia Pierson was forced to resign in October after a string of security breaches . Pierson's replacement, Joseph Clancy, said on ABC's This Week Sunday his agency is working to 'regain the trust' of the public . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)The sounds recorded on one of the "black boxes" recovered from downed Germanwings Flight 9525 firms up investigators' theory that the co-pilot locked the captain out of the cockpit and then crashed the plane. "For God's sake, open the door!" Capt. Patrick Sondenheimer screamed as he banged on the cockpit door, pleading with the co-pilot. Thirteen minutes later, the plane slammed into the French Alps. The audio from the plane's cockpit voice recorder has not been released, but the German newspaper Bild published Sunday what it claims is a summary of the transcript from the recording. CNN translated Bild's report -- which the newspaper says is based on the 1.5 hours of audio that was on the cockpit voice recorder -- but cannot independently verify the information. France's accident investigation agency, BEA, told CNN that the agency is "dismayed" by the voice recording leak to Bild. Martine Del Bono, a spokeswoman for the agency, said the leak could not have come from a BEA agent. She said the agency considers the report mere "voyeurism." According to Bild's report, Sondenheimer told co-pilot Andreas Lubitz that he didn't manage to go to the bathroom before takeoff. Lubitz tells him he can go anytime. Lubitz is believed to have locked the pilot of Flight 9525 out of the cockpit before putting the plane on a rapid descent into the mountains, French authorities have said. The flight took off 20 minutes late. After reaching cruising altitude, Sondenheimer asked Lubitz to prepare the landing. Once that's finished, Lubitz again tells the captain he "can go anytime." There is the sound of a seat being pushed backward after which the captain says, "You can take over." At 10:29 a.m., air traffic radar detects that the plane is starting to descend. Three minutes later, air traffic controllers try to contact the plane and receive no answer -- shortly after which an alarm goes off in the cockpit, warning of the "sink rate," Bild reported. Next comes the banging. Sondenheimer begs Lubitz to let him in. Passengers then begin to scream, according to the transcript obtained by Bild. Another three minutes pass. A loud metallic bang is heard at 7,000 meters (almost 23,000 feet). A minute and half later and 2,000 meters (about 6,500 feet) lower to the ground, an alarm says "Terrain -- pull up!" "Open the damn door!" the pilot says. It's 10:38, and the plane is at 4,000 meters (about 13,000 feet). Lubitz's breathing can still be heard on the voice recorder, according to Bild's report. Two minutes later, investigators think they hear the plane's right wing scrape a mountaintop. Screams can be heard one final time. Cockpit recordings are some of the most sensitive and closely held parts of aviation crash investigations. They're never officially released, according to CNN aviation reporter Richard Quest. Quest called it "unbelievable" that the black box audio would be leaked in this manner. Communications between air traffic control and a plane's cockpit can be downloaded privately, but that's less common in Europe than it is in the United States. An edited and redacted version of the transcript is usually published in part of a final report on an incident. Although search teams have recovered the cockpit voice recorder, the flight data recorder remains missing. That device could reveal crucial details about what happened during the final moments of the flight. Jean Pierre Michel, lead investigator for the French inquiry, said on Saturday that investigators are not ruling out any scenario with respect to the crash out at this point. But French authorities have said that Lubitz appeared to have crashed Germanwings Flight 9525 deliberately into the Alps on Tuesday as it flew from Barcelona, Spain, toward Dusseldorf, Germany, with 150 people on board. Much attention has focused on Lubitz's state of mind since then, with suggestions that he may have had mental health issues. Lubitz, 27, passed his annual pilot recertification medical examination in summer 2014, a German aviation source told CNN. An official with Lufthansa, which owns Germanwings, said that the exam only tests physical health, not psychological health. The official also said that the company was never given any indication Lubitz was depressed, and that if he went to a doctor on his own, he would have been required to self-report if deemed unfit to fly. A Dusseldorf clinic said he'd gone there twice, most recently on March 10, "concerning a diagnosis." But the University Clinic said it had not treated Lubitz for depression. The speculation about Lubitz' mental state is based on a letter found in a waste bin in his Dusseldorf apartment. The note, which was "slashed," said Lubitz was not able to do his job, city prosecutor Christoph Kumpa said Friday. The fact that investigators found "ripped, recent medical leave notes, including for the day of the offense, leads to the preliminary conclusion that the deceased kept his illness secret from his employer and his professional environment," prosecutors said. Germanwings corroborated that assertion, saying it had never received a sick note from Lubitz. A handful of publications, citing unnamed sources, have reported that Lubitz suffered from various psychological maladies. CNN has not been able to confirm these reports. Lubitz suffered from "generalized anxiety disorder," and from severe depression in the past, Le Parisien newspaper reported Sunday, citing sources close to the investigation. In 2010, Lubitz received injections of antipsychotic medication, the paper said. He was also prescribed a medication that influences neurotransmitters, but it's unclear when that happened, according to Le Parisien. The newspaper said investigators found a handful of pills in his apartment in addition to two sick notes, which forbade him from working from March 16 to March 29. The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, citing unnamed sources, reported Friday that Lubitz suffered from mental illness and kept his diagnosis concealed from his employer. A subsequent report from the Times on Saturday, citing two officials with knowledge of the investigation, said Lubitz sought treatment before the crash for vision problems that might have put his career at risk. However, an official with Lufthansa, said that if Lubitz had vision problems, they would have been discovered during his pilot recertification medical examination. Authorities have not ruled out the vision problems could have been psychosomatic, according to the Times. Citing an unidentified senior investigator, German newspaper Die Welt said that Lubitz suffered from a severe "psychosomatic illness" and that German police seized prescription drugs that treat the condition. Lubitz suffered from a "severe subjective burnout syndrome" and from severe depression, the source told the newspaper. News reports also stated that antidepressants were found during the search of his apartment. Investigators are expected to question his relatives, friends and co-workers as they try to pin down what could have prompted the co-pilot to steer a jetliner full of people into a mountainside. Lubitz had a girlfriend, a teacher at a school in Dusseldorf not far from his apartment, according to German media. Who was co-pilot Andreas Lubitz? Dozens of people attended a remembrance ceremony Saturday for the victims of the crash at a church in a nearby town, Digne-les-Bains, France. Most of the people on the plane were from Germany and Spain. Relatives of the victims and local residents also gathered Saturday afternoon by a simple stone memorial set up near the crash site, in the village of Le Vernet. Flowers have been laid there, in the shadow of the snow-covered peaks of the French Alps. The mayor of one local community said he had seen Lubitz's father on Thursday evening, describing him as "a man in deep distress." "We get the impression that that man is bearing the whole weight of the disaster on his shoulders," Bernard Bartolini, the mayor of Prads-Haute-Bleone, said Saturday. "I can tell that this is a man whose life is totally broken," Bartolini said. "He had so much emotion in him." CNN's Steve Almasy, Laura Smith-Spark, Frederik Pleitgen, Sandrine Amiel, Jethro Mullen, Lynn Franco, Margot Haddad and Tim Lister contributed to this report. | France's accident investigation agency, BEA, "dismayed" by the voice recording leak . German newspaper Bild releases a timeline of the flight's final moments . Andreas Lubitz suffered from "generalized anxiety disorder," and from severe depression in the past, Le Parisien newspaper reports . |
Please provide a bulleted list of the movies Tessa Thompson performed in from this passage. | Tessa Thompson is an American actress of film and television. Thompson gained favorable notices for her early film performances in the comedy-drama Dear White People, Selma (both in 2014). She gained mainstream attention for her roles in franchise films playing Bianca Taylor in the sport dramas Creed (2015) and Creed II (2018), and for her starring role as Valkyrie in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), as well as her leading role in the science fiction franchise film Men in Black: International (2019). She also has received critical praise for her roles in independent films such as Sorry to Bother You (2018), Little Woods (2018), Annihilation (2018), the romantic drama Sylvie's Love (2020), and the period film Passing (2021), the latter of which earned her a British Academy Film Award nomination. | Tessa Thompson performed in the following films:
Dear White People
Selma
Creed
Creed II
Thor: Ragnarok
Avengers: Endgame
Thor: Love and Thunder
Men In Black: International
Sorry To Bother You
Little Woods
Annihilation
Sylvie’s Love
Passing |
From the passage identify the spin-off games release in the universe of Clash of Clans. Display the results in a comma separated format. | Clash of Clans is a 2012 free-to-play mobile strategy video game developed and published by Finnish game developer Supercell. The game was released for iOS platforms on August 2, 2012, and on Google Play for Android on October 7, 2013.
The game is set in a fantasy-themed persistent world where the player is a chief of a village. Clash of Clans tasks players to build their own village using the resources gained from attacking other player's villages with troops; earning rewards, buying them with medals or by producing them at their own village. The main resources are gold, elixir and dark elixir. Players can conjoin to create clans, groups of up to fifty people, who can then participate in Clan Wars together, donate and receive troops, and chat with each other. The minimum number of players of a Clan War is thirty.
Clash of Clans was released to generally positive reviews from critics.
Four spin-off games in the same universe of Clash of Clans were developed by Supercell. The first, Clash Royale, was released in 2016. The other three, Clash Quest, Clash Mini, and Clash Heroes, were announced in April 2021. Clash Quest development was discontinued on 17 August 2022.[9 | Clash Royale, Clash Quest, Clash Mini, Clash Heroes |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Monsoon-like conditions forced the abandonment of Sunday's A-League match between the Brisbane Roar and Wellington Phoenix - a decision that could have implications on the title race. After torrential rain had left the Lang Park pitch covered in large puddles, making even short passes difficult, referee Alan Milliner decided to bring things to a premature conclusion on 73 minutes. League leaders Phoenix were leading 2-1 at the time and move four points clear at the top of the table because the result was allowed to stand. Brisbane Roar's Andrija Kaluderovic and Wellington's Andrew Durrante struggle in atrocious conditions as torrential rain left the Lang Park pitch unplayable and forced an abandonment after 73 minutes . Luke Brattan takes a tumble to the waterlogged surface under pressure from Wellington's Vince Lia . Referee Alan Milliner explains his decision to abandon the contest to Roar player Matt McKay . The officials explain their decision to call off the game with 17 minutes remaining . But Roar coach Frans Thijssen reacted angrily to the decision to call off the match despite the wild weather turning proceedings into a farce. Brisbane are in contention for the play-offs and Thijssen criticised the rule that states a replay is required if the match is abandoned before half-time but the result stands if it ends after the break. He said: 'Of course I'm disappointed because this is a crazy end. 'I've never seen this, because the choice is replay if it happens in the first-half, they're the normal rules, and if it happens in the second-half you have to play the second-half again. Brisbane Roar players protest the referee's decision, having been 2-1 down at the time . Brisbane's Andrija Kaluderovic attempts to get a shot away on the deteriorating surface . Wellington's Alex Rodriguez (left) and Brisbane's Corey Brown splash through the puddles . 'We all want an honest competition and Adelaide and Perth, they're not happy with this because they are in a competition to be champions. 'And we're in a competition to be in the play-offs, so of course it's disappointing. 'When we had a free-kick in a dangerous position where we could score, they just call off the game and they give three points to one team and no points to the other team, that's not an honest competition.' Brisbane led after five minutes through Andrija Kaluderovic before Michael McGlinchey equalised for the visitors 10 minutes later. Then, moments before the half-time whistle, Australia international Nathan Burns pounced to put Wellington ahead. They are now four points ahead of Melbourne Victory, Sydney FC and Perth Glory, who are all tied on 38 points in second place. Wellington's Australian international Nathan Burns had fired his side into the lead shortly before half-time . Michael McGlinchey (second left) of the Phoenix celebrates with his team-mates after scoring the leveller . Andrija Kaluderovic (left) had given play-off chasing Brisbane an early advantage at Lang Park . How the A-League standings look after the weekend's action . | Australian league match between Brisbane and Wellington abandoned . Torrential rain left Lang Park pitch unplayable in second-half . Phoenix were leading 2-1 at the time and the result stands . It puts them four points clear at the top of the A-League . But Roar boss Frans Thijssen was left fuming by referee's decision . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Philadelphia Eagles legend Chuck Bednarik died Saturday following a brief illness. He was 89. Bednarik, a Pro Football Hall of Famer and one of the last outstanding two-way NFL players, passed away at an assisted living facility in Richland, Pennsylvania, the team announced. Bednarik played a franchise-record 14 seasons with the Eagles from 1949 to 1962 and was part of two NFL championship teams in 1949 and 1960. Philadelphia Eagles legend Chuck Bednarik died on Saturday following a brief illness, the club announced . Chuck Bednarik lines up for a play against Charlie Conerly of the New York Giants at Franklin Field in 1961 . He delivered a legendary performance in the 1960 NFL Championship Game, playing nearly every minute at both linebacker and center against the Green Bay Packers. With seconds remaining in the game and Packers running back Jim Taylor headed for the end zone, Bednarik made a game-saving tackle as time ran out, preserving a 17-13 Eagles victory. The Eagles tweeted a tribute to Bednarik, calling him "Forever an Eagle," with the 1960 iconic photo of him towering over New York Giants running back Frank Gifford, who was knocked out on a devastating hit by the linebacker. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967, his first year of eligibility. Bednarik acknowledges the Eagles crowd at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia in 2013 . | Chuck Bednarik died on Saturday, aged 89, following a brief illness . Philadelphia Eagles announced his passing in Richland, Pennsylvania . Bednarik played franchise-record 14 seasons with the Eagles 1949-1962 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Mexican radio station MVS fired prominent journalist Carmen Aristegui on Sunday, after more than six years of collaboration, according to a statement published on its website. Aristegui also hosts a nightly television talk show on CNN en Espanol. The termination of Aristegui's employment at MVS comes after the radio station fired her colleagues Daniel Lizarraga and Irving Huerta. The same team of journalists who exposed possible conflict-of-interest real-estate deals involving Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto and his wife, unleashing a scandal that the government has yet to put to rest. Aristegui told journalists Monday that her entire team was fired. "Our lawyers say that we are going to fight this. Our lawyers say that this is an outrage against freedom of expression." "This team of journalists is ready to fight for their freedom of expression," she said. On Thursday, MVS radio stated that it had fired Daniel Lizarraga and Irving Huerta for "compromising resources and brands of the company without authorization." Daniel Lizarraga was featured in the introduction video of MexicoLeaks, which launched last week. The online platform encourages citizens to anonymously send documents of public interest. MexicoLeaks is formed by a group of organizations including Mexican media outlets and societal groups, to "serve as a tool to send information of public interest ... through secure technology which will guarantee the anonymity of the source," according to its website. The objective is to "build justice and democracy in society." The information received through MexicoLeaks will be verified, analyzed and published by the collaborating organizations. Aristegui's team of journalists is listed on the website as one of the participating groups. MexicoLeaks tweeted over the weekend, "Freedom of expression is a right. We are looking for information that proves crimes, human rights violations, corruption." The launch of MexicoLeaks comes months after massive protests against Mexican authorities regarding the disappearance of 43 students in southern Mexico last September. Authorities later arrested Iguala Mayor Jose Luis Abarca, calling him the "probable mastermind" in the mass abduction. | MVS fired prominent journalist Carmen Aristegui on Sunday . Aristegui also hosts a nightly television talk show on CNN en Espanol . Others on Aristegui team also fired . Team exposed possible conflict-of-interest real-estate deals involving Mexican President . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Yak is back and so is the question that used to annoy him but now just brings a smile. Age, for the striker who scored more Premier League goals than Cristiano Ronaldo and Fernando Torres, has always been more than a number. That is possibly because David Moyes once joked Yakubu Aiyegbeni was a ‘Nigerian 25’. And because Steve McClaren claimed the striker told him he was 25 when he signed for Middlesbrough 10 years ago. Reading striker Yakubu insists he has never been concerned with the questions marks over his age . So, how old is he? The profiles say 32; the sceptics are ruder. The big man among Reading’s big dreamers says he’s heard it all before. ‘It was always like this,’ he says. ‘But it does not bother me. Kanu has had it as well. 'I just laugh about it — people joke and that is it. If I was lying I don’t think I would be playing now. I would be retired.’ Thankfully for Reading and the FA Cup, the jibes have not got the better of him. Yakubu scored the goal that saw off Derby in the fifth round to set up the tie against Bradford, guaranteeing at least one side from outside the Premier League will be at Wembley in the semi-finals. For the neutrals, the hope is that League One Bradford can trip up another bigger club. For Yakubu, there is the hope that he can make it to Wembley for the first time after a mangled achilles tendon kept him out of Everton’s 2009 final defeat against Chelsea. The Nigerian striker scores Reading's second goal during the FA Cup fifth round defeat against Derby . Saturday (kick-off 12.45pm). TV: BT Sport 1 (from 12pm). If he does, it will complete a quite surreal journey that spans almost three years since he left Blackburn — ending 10 seasons in England — following relegation to the Championship. His absence has seen him scream at confused Chinese footballers and gain a sweaty taste of football in Qatar. ‘No regrets,’ as Yakubu says. And yet there were times in China, at Guangzhou R&F in the days before Sven Goran Eriksson rocked up, where he quite literally had no idea what was going on. ‘When I was there (after leaving Blackburn), we had a Brazilian coach (Sergio Farias) and he spoke in Portuguese,’ Yakubu says. ‘A guy that speaks English, he had to translate into English and then another guy had to translate from Portuguese to Chinese. The manager is supposed to speak for like five minutes but we are there for nine minutes. Yakubu, seen here celebrating a goal against Manchester City in 2004, scored 43 goals for Portsmouth . Yakubu made sure Reading reached the FA Cup quarter-finals with this goal against the Rams . Yakubu felt he was away from English football for too long and jumped at the chance to return . ‘It’s so difficult to speak with your team-mates. You don’t know how to tell him to pass. You just scream at him and when you scream, he knows that he has to give you the ball. ‘When you want to go shopping or to a restaurant, you have to have it written in your phone in Chinese and you have to show it. Everywhere you go, you have to take your phone and show it to the taxi driver. ‘But when Sven came in, it was great to work with him again. I worked with him at Leicester City. He is always really calm. He just wants you to enjoy the game. Yakubu has scored more Premier League goals than Cristiano Ronaldo (above) and Fernando Torres . The frontman also scored 35 goals in 103 games for Middlesbrough between 2005 and 2007 . ‘Sometimes when I played two or three games and didn’t score, he never said to me, “You didn’t score”. He’d just walk towards me and say, smiling: “It’s been a while since you scored”. Always calm.’ After 18 months in China, Yakubu wound up at Al Rayyan in Qatar last year. He is confident that despite having to train in the middle of the night, they can host a good World Cup. ‘I had a good offer in Qatar,’ he says. ‘It was another experience so no regrets. Believe me, they can get a good World Cup there. They have nice stadiums. But when it is hot, it is hot. We had to train at 9.30pm in summer. You finish training at about 12 and then go home at 12.30am and then bed at about 4am. You have to stay home all day because it is really, really hot. You can’t train when it’s 50 degrees, it is too much.’ The 32-year-old had offers from American, China and Qatar ahead of his move to Reading . He adds: ‘In winter it is good, we can train at 4pm. We played matches at 7.30pm or 8pm and they have to stop for water breaks once or twice.’ On deadline day last month he came back to the country where he first arrived in 2003, when Harry Redknapp took a punt on a striker playing in Israel. ‘Even when you play the big teams, Harry makes you believe,’ he says. ‘He’ll say, “The defence is not good. Come on, just kill him”. If you’re scared, like you’re going to play against Sol Campbell, he’d say, “Sol Campbell? He’s s***. Don’t worry”.’ The memories of his first English stint make him happy. Now his hope is to finally reach Wembley on his second chapter. ‘Every player wants that,’ he says. You’re never too old to dream. The veteran striker believes former boss Harry Redknapp (left) 'makes you believe' | Yakubu has faced doubts about his age for the majority of his career . 32-year-old sealed deadline day move to Reading in September . He scored winner against Derby to help Royals into FA Cup quarter-finals . Nigerian is hoping to help Reading to victory against Bradford . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The similarities are uncanny – from the outlandish fascinators, to the plummy voices and voluptuous curves. New drama The Royals, which launched in America last week, is about a ‘spoof’ British Royal Family – but two red-haired sisters, Penelope and Maribel, bear uncomfortable resemblances to Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie. The creators of the show, which stars Elizabeth Hurley as a couture-clad Queen, insist all the characters are ‘purely fictional’. Scroll down for video . 'Dim': Penelope (Lydia Rose Bewley) (left) and Maribel (Hatty Preston) (right) have certain similarities to Eugenie and Beatrice . The real deal: 'The make-up girls and wardrobe ladies had photos of Beatrice and Eugenie pinned up everywhere,' said Hatty Preston, who plays Maribel . Many of the young Royals are shown engaging in wild, drug-fuelled orgies. Hatty Preston, who plays ‘dim-witted’ Maribel, told The Mail on Sunday: ‘It’s inevitable that people will compare the sisters to Beatrice and Eugenie. ‘I based Maribel on the Made In Chelsea stars, but the make-up girls and wardrobe ladies had photos of Beatrice and Eugenie pinned up everywhere. It’s a spoof. I hope they realise we’re laughing with them, not at them.’ The Royals has already been panned by US critics. The first episode will be screened in the UK on E! on Wednesday. | The Royals, launched in the U.S. this week, is about a ‘spoof’ royal family . Penelope and Maribel bear similarities to Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie . The creators of the show insist all the characters are ‘purely fictional’ But actress who plays Maribel said photos of princesses were everywhere . |
From the passage provided, extract the population of Seattle metropolitan area | Seattle (/siˈætəl/ (listen) see-AT-əl) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States. Its growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of country's fastest-growing large cities. | The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States |
When was Franz Kafka born and who was he? | Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague, who is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. His best known works include the short story "The Metamorphosis" and novels The Trial and The Castle. The term Kafkaesque has entered English to describe absurd situations, like those depicted in his writing. | Franz Kafka was born on 3 July 1883, and was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Harry Kane's goalscoring debut came as little surprise to his England team-mates, with Phil Jones expecting nothing less from the 'on fire' striker. A sold-out Wembley witnessed the latest chapter of the 21-year-old's fairytale rise, which has seen him go from Tottenham squad player to the country's most lethal frontman in just a matter of months. Kane was welcomed by a standing ovation when he came on as a second-half substitute and it took just 80 seconds for him to get the fans back on their feet, heading home with one of his first touches to wrap up a 4-0 win against Lithuania. Harry Kane celebrates his goal after drifting in at the far post and nodded in Raheem Sterling's cross . A jubilant Kane laps up the applause from England fans as he celebrates his first England cap with a goal . After the Euro 2016 qualifier centre-back Jones was asked whether he was surprised by Kane's goalscoring impact, to which he responded with a laugh: 'No! 'He has been doing it in training as well this week. He is on fire and we're delighted for him. 'He has been brilliant this season. He thoroughly deserved his call-up and the lads are delighted for him in the dressing room to score his first goal. He has been lively, he is a great lad and he has been scoring a lot of goals.' Kane connected with the looping ball to nod past keeper Giedrius Arlauskis as his fairytale season continues . Kane was named on the bench but when his chance came he grabbed it with both hands . The victory against Lithuania continued England's 100 per cent start to Group E - a cake walk which makes Tuesday's friendly in Italy an important test. The Three Lions have won seven successive matches since returning embarrassingly early from the World Cup and have a chance to lay some ghosts to rest against a side they lost to in Brazil. 'That will be a big test for us,' Jones said. 'We're going to Turin, it is a big stadium, a big crowd. It is always a tough game against Italy. We're going there wanting to win the game. 'We highlighted that (we are on an impressive run) in the pre-match talk, that we want to keep that run going and hopefully we can do that in Turin as well.' Phil Jones (left) says he was not surprised by Kane's impact on his England debut . Jones was solid at the back as England ran out comfortable winners at Wembley on Friday night . | Harry Kane scored on his England debut in 4-0 victory over Lithuania . 21-year-old striker netted fourth just 80 seconds after coming on . Team-mate Phil Jones says he expected nothing less from Kane . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | March 31, 2015 . Iran's controversial nuclear program, U.S. oil production, and the wealth of American presidents are three topics covered this Tuesday on CNN Student News. We're delivering a random fact about the height of a historic conqueror, and we're examining what it takes for rescue dogs to locate avalanche victims. And we have a follow-up on a pair of eagles who are excellent parents. On this page you will find today's show Transcript and a place for you to request to be on the CNN Student News Roll Call. TRANSCRIPT . Click here to access the transcript of today's CNN Student News program. Please note that there may be a delay between the time when the video is available and when the transcript is published. CNN Student News is created by a team of journalists who consider the Common Core State Standards, national standards in different subject areas, and state standards when producing the show. ROLL CALL . For a chance to be mentioned on the next CNN Student News, comment on the bottom of this page with your school name, mascot, city and state. We will be selecting schools from the comments of the previous show. You must be a teacher or a student age 13 or older to request a mention on the CNN Student News Roll Call! Thank you for using CNN Student News! | This page includes the show Transcript . Use the Transcript to help students with reading comprehension and vocabulary . At the bottom of the page, comment for a chance to be mentioned on CNN Student News. You must be a teacher or a student age 13 or older to request a mention on the CNN Student News Roll Call. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fabian Delph can be an instrumental figure in England winning Euro 2016, according to Aston Villa manager Tim Sherwood. Roy Hodgson called Delph into his squad for the coming matches against Lithuania and Italy, to little surprise for Sherwood having tried to sign the 25-year-old at Tottenham. ‘Roy will stumble across a team that will win the Euros. He will, I tell you. They will win it,’ said Sherwood. ‘I feel we’ve got top young talent who will have another year’s football. A lot of them would play for any country across Europe. Fabian Delph was included in the latest England squad and could be a fixture in the future . Aston Villa boss Tim Sherwood says the midfielder can be part of Euro 2016 glory with his country . ‘I’ve told Fabian he could be on the verge of something. There’s competition there but he could be a big part of it. Roy loves him.’ Sherwood recalls a chance meeting with Delph’s representative while he was in charge at Spurs last season and the Villa midfielder was mulling over signing a new contract. Delph penned fresh terms in January. ‘I spoke to his agent in London and told him that if I was still in charge at Tottenham, I’d definitely want him to come. I tried my best. He’d cost too much money now, but he would have been a bargain then. ‘He’s got a change of pace and a hammer of a left foot. I think he’s got the ability to drop his shoulder and go past people. I wouldn’t want him to do that to me. ‘Some players you don’t mind playing against and then there’s others like (Paul) Gascoigne who can put you on your arse – just because he will face you up and want to make you look stupid. Gazza used to do it with tricks but Fabian has got more pace and drive.’ Deph has got more 'pace and drive' than Paul Gascoigne, according to Sherwood . The 25-year-old unleashes a strike past the West Brom defence during a FA Cup victory earlier this month . | Fabian Delph included in latest England squad by Roy Hodgson . Tim Sherwood tried to sign midfielder at Tottenham last season . Sherwood insists England will win the Euros with a talented group . Aston Villa boss has told Delph he 'could be on the verge of something' Delph has 'more pace and drive than Paul Gascoigne' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It is known for its famous residents, expensive shops and huge sprawling mansions. And now it appears getting a space to lay down your iPad in the posh London district of Mayfair will cost more than anywhere else in Britain. A survey of the 10 biggest cities in Britain revealed that owning less than a square foot of property in Mayfair is likely to cost you 10 times more than purchasing exactly the same size space in Birmingham. Scroll down for video . Mayfair in London is the most expensive place to own property space measuring the size of an iPad air while Birmingham is the cheapest, analysts found as they calculated how expensive property is in Britain's cities . The study took the size of an iPad Air, which measures 9.4ins by 6.7 ins, and worked out how much it would cost to own a space the size of the gadget. It found that in London's posh Mayfair this area would cost £1,430.61, while in Birmingham this is considerably cheaper at a price of £102.85. Property website OnTheMarket.com did the survey to determine where the most expensive property area in Britain is. They used an iPad, rather than the typical measures of a square foot, so that people could visualise the space. This map shows how much it costs to buy property measuring the size of an iPad in 10 cities in Britain . The analysis used the cost of two bedroom apartments in the cities to calculate the different cost of property space across the country, and found that a slice of space in Mayfair in London would cost more than £1,400 . Birmingham is the cheapest city to 'lay down your iPad', with the small space costing around £102.85 . The cost was worked out using the average price of a two bedroom apartment in each of the 10 cities to act as a control. London, Mayfair - £1,430.61 . Manchester - £195.93 . Bristol - £183.03 . Leeds - £123.48 . Sheffield - £144.61 . Newcastle - £143.41 . Liverpool - £133.21 . Glasgow - £122.60 . Nottingham - £115.84 . Birmingham - £102.85 . Then analysts calculated how much a slice of the property - measuring the size of an iPad - would cost to give a figure. Helen Whiteley, Commercial Director at OnTheMarket.com, said: 'The point of this analysis was to provide a clear visual example of property values and by using the iPad we provide an immediate and easy reference point to visualise a space.' Mayfair was by far the most expensive area to own the area of an iPad. And even London overall topped the list at an average price of £340.16. Lewisham, seen as one of the more up and coming boroughs in the capital, came out with a price tag of £269.58 to own a slice of land, measuring less than a square foot. The next most costly area was Manchester, where an iPad sized plot would cost £195.93. This Grade II listed property in Mayfair that had an asking price of £45million was sold less than six months ago. The mansion, in Balfour Place, boasted a staggering 19 bedrooms, seven reception rooms, six kitchens, 17 bathrooms and a roof terrace. Spread over 13,000sq/ft, the property was around 15 times the size of the average newbuild in the UK. The Arts & Craft property, built in 1891, was snapped up by a wealthy millionaire. The mansion, in Balfour Place, boasted a staggering 19 bedrooms, seven reception rooms, six kitchens, 17 bathrooms and a roof terrace . The property was marketed by Wetherell and Savills estate agents, with the deal confirmed by Peter Wetherell. Due to a confidentiality agreement, Mr Wetherell would not confirm the final price paid or who had bought it. However, if it is anywhere near the £45 million asking price, it would have been among the biggest sales of 2014. The most expensive publicly listed deal of 2014 was £50 million for a flat in Knightsbridge. The property was designed by Eustace Balfour and has a five storey brick facade. It originally featured large entertaining rooms and eight family bedrooms while the fourth and fifth floors were for staff. Over the years it has had a number owners including several industrialists, a Dowager Countess and a City of London metal-trader magnate. Palatial: The mansion, in Balfour Place, Mayfair, was on the market for £45 million and sold at the end of last year . | Property website did an analysis of the 10 biggest cities in Britain . They aimed to show how expensive property is to buy in each of the cities . Analysts used the size of an iPad Air to illustrate property prices . Gadget measures 9.4ins by 6.7 ins - which is less than a square foot . Mayfair is the most expensive place to own a piece of iPad-sized land . Birmingham is ten times cheaper than Mayfair, followed by Nottingham . OnTheMarket.com analysis used an iPad to help people visualise space . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Arsenal scouts will watch Dynamo Kiev centre-back Aleksandar Dragovic against Everton on Thursday. The 24-year-old Austria international is being touted as one of the best defenders in Europe and is keen to leave Ukraine in the summer. Kiev want around £15million for him but that has not deterred the likes of Borussia Dortmund who see him as a potential replacement for Mats Hummels. Arsenal will send scouts to watch Dynamo Kiev defender Aleksandar Dragovic against Everton on Thursday . Dragovic (left) is valued at £15million and is also attracting interest from Manchester United and Dortmund . The Austria international moved to Ukraine from Swiss side Basle in 2013 . Manchester United and West Ham have also watched Dragovic closely over recent months. United remain unconvinced about his consistency while any deal may prove too rich for West Ham. Arsenal have just signed Gabriel Paulista from Villarreal but know they need greater strength in depth as they wrestle with continued injury problems and the inconsistent form of Per Mertesacker and Laurent Koscielny. Manchester United's Jonny Evans and Chris Smalling have also been discussed at Arsenal as they weigh up more summer spending. Arsene Wenger remains keen on adding another midfielder, full-back and striker to his squad. | Aleksandar Dragovic is a central defender for Ukraine outfit Dynamo Kiev . Arsenal will watch the Dragovic during Europa League clash with Everton . Austria international has also attracted interest from Manchester United . Defender is valued at around £15m with Dortmund also holding an interest . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
From the text, how long after the events of Return of the Jedi is the Mandalorian series set? Convert years into months, and use letters to spell out the answer. | The Mandalorian is an American space Western television series created by Jon Favreau for the streaming service Disney+. It is the first live-action series in the Star Wars franchise, beginning five years after the events of Return of the Jedi (1983), and stars Pedro Pascal as the title character, a lone bounty hunter who goes on the run to protect the Force-sensitive child Grogu. Starting in the third season, Katee Sackhoff also stars as Mandalorian Bo-Katan Kryze, following her appearance in the second season. | sixty |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jessica Ennis-Hill will make her long-awaited competitive return in the 100m hurdles at the Great CityGames in Manchester on May 9. The Olympic heptathlon champion will take part in her strongest event after a near two-year absence from competition due to the birth of son Reggie last summer. Ennis-Hill did set a British record of 12.54 seconds for the 100m hurdles at London 2012 and although that has since been broken by Tiffany Porter, a run in her favoured event should prove a good guide for her readiness for a heptathlon return in Gotzis at the end of May. Jessica Ennis-Hill will target a competitive return at the Great CityGames in Manchester on May 9 . Ennis-Hill, pictured here in 2013, will be competing in her strongest event, the 100m hurdles in Manchester . Ennis-Hill's 100m hurdles record of 12.54 seconds set in 2012 has since been broken by Tiffany Porter (left) 'I'm really looking forward to making my competitive return at the Great CityGames Manchester. The atmosphere is always amazing there,' said Ennis-Hill. 'Street athletics is a lot of fun, not only you are really close to the fans, but the energy around the Morrison's Great Manchester Run weekend is fantastic, as the elite races and the mass participation run bring the city together in a celebration of running.' An emotional Ennis-Hill celebrates after winning a gold medal in the Women's Heptathlon at London 2012 . | Jessica Ennis-Hill is targeting her competitive comeback at the Great CityGames in Manchester on May 9 . The Olympic heptathlon champion will take part in her strongest event, the 100m hurdles . Ennis-Hill has been away from the competition for nearly two years due to the birth of her son . Her record for the 100m hurdles, 12.54 seconds from London 2012, has since been broken by Tiffany Porter . |
Who proposed the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality of income or wealth? | In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none.
The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources. | The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth. |
Who won the Men's Madison at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships? | The Men's madison competition at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 4 March 2018.
Results
200 laps (50km) with 20 sprints were raced.
Rank Name Nation Laps points Sprint points Total points
1st place, gold medalist(s) Roger Kluge
Theo Reinhardt Germany 20 33 53
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Albert Torres
Sebastián Mora Spain 20 25 45
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Cameron Meyer
Callum Scotson Australia 20 17 37
4 Oliver Wood
Mark Stewart Great Britain 0 36 36
5 Andreas Graf
Andreas Müller Austria 20 12 32
6 Niklas Larsen
Casper von Folsach Denmark 0 29 29
7 Benjamin Thomas
Morgan Kneisky France 0 24 24
8 Kenny De Ketele
Moreno De Pauw Belgium 0 23 23
9 Felix English
Mark Downey Ireland 0 11 11
10 Simone Consonni
Liam Bertazzo Italy 0 10 10
11 Roy Pieters
Wim Stroetinga Netherlands 0 1 1
12 Tristan Marguet
Gaël Suter Switzerland –20 2 –18
13 Wojciech Pszczolarski
Daniel Staniszewski Poland –40 3 –37
Regan Gough
Thomas Sexton New Zealand 0 0 DNF
Daniel Holloway
Adrian Hegyvary United States –60 5
Leung Chun Wing
Cheung King Lok Hong Kong –60 0 | The Men's Madison at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was won by Roger Kluge and Theo Reinhardt of Germany, with a total of 53 points. This was 8 points over their nearest competitors, Albert Torres and Sebastián Mora of Spain, who had 45 points. |
Given this paragraph about David Bowie, in which decade might you describe his music as having peaked? | David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie (/ˈboʊi/ BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. A leading figure in the music industry, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Bowie was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, and his music and stagecraft had a significant impact on popular music. | 1970s |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This is the terrifying moment a bus driver rams into a stream of traffic as he falls asleep behind the wheel. CCTV footage shows the 65-year-old motorist, who has not been named, slowly drifting off while he navigates a road in Oakland County, Michigan. After stirring he suddenly slams on the brakes, but it proves too late and he collides with a car in front. The driver's side of the windscreen immediately shatters and falls through. In a bid to avoid further damage, the driver is seen steering the bus into the hard shoulder. A loud scraping noise can be heard as the vehicle drags a trail of debris along. A number of other vehicles are bumped and scratched as the bus goes by. After the driver manages to stop, a woman who was sat in the middle of the coach, exits out of the front door. There were apparently no other passengers on board. Caught on camera: This is the terrifying moment a bus driver rams into a stream of traffic as he falls asleep behind the wheel . Cruise control: CCTV footage shows the 65-year-old motorist, who has not been named, slowly drifting off while he navigates a road in Oakland County, Michigan . Safety glass: After stirring he suddenly slams on the brakes, but it proves too late and he collides with a car in front - The driver's side of the windscreen immediately shatters and falls through . Trail of destruction: A number of other vehicles are bumped and scratched as the bus goes by . Authorities quizzed the driver about the incident on the spot. He plainly stated that he dozed off and tried to brake. While no one on the bus was hurt, two motorists were reportedly taken to hospital non-life-threatening injuries. The accident took place on October 21 2014 around 6pm but police have only just released details around the event. The driver, who had been employed by the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) for more than a decade, tested negative for alcohol. According to Local 4 News, he is expected to appear in court on Wednesday. Lucky escape: After the driver manages to stop, a woman who was sat in the middle of the coach (seen above), exits out of the front door . Longtime employee: The driver, who had been employed by the Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) for more than a decade, tested negative for alcohol . Facing penalty: According to Local 4 News, he is expected to appear in court on Wednesday . | CCTV footage shows the 65-year-old motorist drifting off while he navigates a road in Oakland County, Michigan . After stirring he suddenly slams on the brakes, but it proves too late and he collides with a car in front . After the driver manages to stop, a woman who was sat in the middle of the coach, exits out of the front door . While no one on the bus was hurt two motorists were reportedly taken to hospital non-life-threatening injuries . |
Who won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography in 2012? | The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the finest directing achievements in filmmaking.
Winners
2000s
Year Winner Cinematographer(s)
2000 Gladiator John Mathieson
2001 The Man Who Wasn't There Roger Deakins
2002 Road to Perdition Conrad L. Hall
2003 Girl with a Pearl Earring Eduardo Serra
2004 Hero (Ying xiong) Christopher Doyle
The Phantom of the Opera John Mathieson
2005 The New World Emmanuel Lubezki
2006 The Illusionist Dick Pope
2007 No Country for Old Men Roger Deakins
2008 Slumdog Millionaire Anthony Dod Mantle
2009 The Road Javier Aguirresarobe
2010s
Year Winner Cinematographer(s)
2010 Inception Wally Pfister
2011 The Tree of Life Emmanuel Lubezki
2012 Life of Pi Claudio Miranda
2013 To the Wonder Emmanuel Lubezki
2014 Nightcrawler Robert Elswit
2015 Sicario Roger Deakins
2016 Hell or High Water Giles Nuttgens
2017 Dunkirk Hoyte van Hoytema
2018 The Ballad of Buster Scruggs Bruno Delbonnel
The Rider Joshua James Richards
2019 The Lighthouse Jarin Blaschke
2020s
Year Winner Cinematographer(s)
2020 Nomadland Joshua James Richards | Claudio Miranda won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography in 2012 as cinematographer for Life of Pi |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | They reached the FA Cup quarter-final under the radar - escaping attention with victories over Huddersfield, Cardiff and Derby County in the early rounds. Next month a convey of cars and buses will make the 37-mile trip down the M4 to watch Steve Clarke’s team play the mighty Arsenal in an FA Cup semi-final. Reading are back on the map now. This was a brutal destruction by The Royals, as close as it comes to a complete tactical masterclass at this level of the game. They were ruthless against Bradford. Reading players mob goalscorer Garath McCleary during the home side's 3-0 FA Cup quarter-final replay victory against Bradford . Hal Robson-Kanu (right) finds space inside the Bradford City penalty area and directs his header towards goal . The Reading striker prepares to wheel away in celebration after watching his header fly past Bradford goalkeeper Ben Williams . Reading (4-4-2): Federici 6.5; Gunter 7, Pearce 7, Hector 7, Obita 7; McCleary 8 (Norwood 86'), Williams 7.5, Chalobah 7.5, Robson-Kanu 7.5 (Blackman 86'); Mackie 7.5, Pogrebnyak 7.5 (Yakubu 89') Subs not used: Cox, Karacan, Andersen, Cooper . Booked: Williams . Goals: Robson-Kanu 6', McCleary 9', Mackie 69 . Manager: Steve Clake 7.5 . Bradford (4-2-3-1): Williams 6; Darby 6, McArdle 6, Sheehan 6, Meredith 6.5; Halliday 6 (Yeates 59, 5.5), Knott 6.5 (Dolan 73'); Hanson 6, Morais 5, Liddle 5; Hanson 6; Stead 5 (Clarke 59, 5.5). Subs not used: Clarke, Zoko, MacKenzie, Routis, Urwin . Booked: Sheehan, Meredith, Knott . Sent off: Morais . Manager: Phil Parkinson 6.5 . MOM: McCleary . Referee: Mike Jones (Cheshire) Att: 22, 908 . Player ratings by NEIL ASHTON at the Madejski Stadium . Good for Clarke and his assistant Kevin Keen, the men who controversially changed all 11 players for their 4-1 defeat at Watford last Saturday. Who will remember that score now? ‘We sneaked in under the radar, but I’ll be more excited about an FA Cup semi-final nearer the time,’ revealed a dead-pan Clarke. It was hardly champagne popping stuff, but that is Clarke’s nature after a coaching career that has also taken him to Newcastle, Chelsea and West Brom. He left the celebrations to the fans. By the end this place was raucous, with jubilant Reading supporters spilling on to the pitch at the final whistle. A spine-tingling opening ten minutes had seen a goal from former Arsenal trainee Hal Robson-Kanu and another from winger Garath McCleary put Reading in command. Jamie Mackie’s strike in the 68th minute was reward for his endeavour, a fabulous finish after locking on to Nathaniel Chalobah’s delayed pass. By then Bradford were down to ten men, chasing shadows after Filipe Morais was sent off for raking his studs down the body of Chalobah. Silly boy. The sharpest minds were in Reading’s team, with the soothing voice of captain Alex Pearce at the back containing and nullifying the threat of Jon Stead and James Hanson. On a night like this you have to feel for Bradford’s fans, delayed in traffic for hours on the way to the Madejski Stadium. In the end Phil Parkinson’s team never got out of first gear. ‘Are you Chelsea in disguise?’ sang Bradford’s fans, hoping beyond hope for a comeback similar to the one they experienced at Stamford Bridge last month. It was there that they beat Barclays Premier League leaders Chelsea 4-2, recording one of the greatest FA shocks of all time. They needed one more super-human effort, calling on Gary Liddle, Billy Knott, Stead and Hanson to provide the resistance against this rampant Reading team. They could not cope. Reading went in front after six minutes and it is here that the romance begins for Robson-Kanu as he prepares to play his former club on the game’s biggest stage. The winger was released from Arsenal in 2004, the year the Invincibles went an entire season unbeaten on the way to clinching the Premier League title. Robson-Kanu jumps for joy following his early header which set Reading on their way to an easy victory . Garath McCleary's looping effort in the ninth-minute proves too much for Williams as Reading take a 2-0 lead . The 27-year-old sprints towards the corner flag as he makes the most of putting Reading into an early 2-0 lead . Chris Gunter joins McCleary as the pair hit the floor during the early stages of the FA Cup quarter-final replay . Chelsea loanee Nathaniel Chalobah congratulates the Reading winger on his ninth-minute strike . Bradford boss Phil Parkinson (left) shouts instructions to his side and Steve Clarke makes notes during the first half . The Bantams were reduced to 10-men after this high challenge from midfielder Filipe Morais (left) Referee Mike Jones brandishes a straight red card to Morais as Chalobah (right) looks on from the turf . Reading vs Arsenal . Aston Villa vs Blackburn/Liverpool . The games will be played over the weekend of April 18 and 19. Here nobody could touch Robson-Kanu and he beat Bradford captain Stephen Darby at the near post to put Reading in front with a terrific header from eight yards. The place erupted as Reading took control. Three minutes later they scored again. McCleary darted in from the right and when his shot took a deflection off the leg of Andy Halliday, the ball looped beyond the hands of Bradford keeper Ben Williams. It shattered Parkinson’s dreams, his formation splintered by the class of Danny Williams and Chalobah in the centre of Reading’s midfield. Next month’s semi-final is another chance to shine, as Clarke prepares for Wembley’s wide open spaces with a team that is tactically cute and comfortable in possession. Reading have been to Wembley for play-off finals, but it is 88 years since they played in an FA Cup semi-final. This is Arsenal’s specialist competition — winning the trophy five times under Arsene Wenger and making Wembley a second home. When the Royals arrive, they will deserve the red carpet treatment. The Portuguese midfielder looks on in frustration following his red card which left Braford with a mountain to climb . Jamie Mackie (left) fires home from a wide angle to give his side a 3-0 lead against 10-man Bradford . Former Queens Park Rangers striker Mackie celebrates in front of the Readin faithful after sealing victory . The Reading players charge towards Mackie (centre) following his 68th-minute strike . The Bradford player look dejected as Reading take a commanding 3-0 lead at the Madejski Stadium on Monday night . The second half was interrupted by a pitch invader, who looked to get the better of several stewards before being taken off . Jones collects a plastic water bottle which was thrown onto the pitch by Bradford fans during the second half . Play was temporarily halted during the second-half as several missiles were thrown onto the Madejski Stadium turf . Thousands of the Reading faithful ran onto the pitch after watching their team secure an FA Cup semi-final clash against Arsenal . One Reading fan holds a blue flare aloft as the home supporters celebration their team's 3-0 FA Cup victory . | Reading stroll into FA Cup semi-finals with 3-0 victory against Bradford City . Hal Robson-Kanu gives Steve Clarke's side early lead with sixth-minute header . Garath McCleary doubles Reading's advantage just three minutes later . Filipe Morais is shown straight red card for high challenge on Nathaniel Chalobah . Jamie Mackie fires home side into commanding 3-0 lead with second-half strike . Reading face FA Cup semi-final against Arsenal at Wembley . |
Who is Octavia Butler? | Octavia Estelle Butler (June 22, 1947 – February 24, 2006) was an American science fiction author and a multiple recipient of the Hugo and Nebula awards. In 1995, Butler became the first science-fiction writer to receive a MacArthur Fellowship. Born in Pasadena, California, Butler was raised by her widowed mother. Extremely shy as a child, Butler found an outlet at the library reading fantasy, and in writing. She began writing science fiction as a teenager. She attended community college during the Black Power movement. While participating in a local writer's workshop, she was encouraged to attend the Clarion Workshop, then held in Pennsylvania, which focused on science fiction. | Octavia Butler was a black Hugo and Nebula awards winning science fiction author from Pasadena, California. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The ladies who lunch at the Ascot Bar of the Pennyhill Park Hotel were oblivious that one of the most decorated English footballers had just strolled in. At 6ft 4in, Chelsea and England centre-back Gary Cahill ought to be hard to miss, especially when he is the national team’s vice-captain, having picked up pretty much every club honour in the game. Win the Premier League in May and he will have the full set - following Champions League, Europa League, FA Cup and League Cup success in little more than three years. Yet he goes relatively unnoticed while the likes of John Terry, or his old Chelsea team-mate Frank Lampard, both with similar achievements to their name, would be stopped in their tracks. Gary Cahill went relatively unnoticed during an interview with the Mail on Sunday at the Pennyhill Park hotel . Chelsea defender Cahill has picked up nearly every club honour in the game, including the Champions League . ‘If you’d said to me four or five years ago I would be in this position I’d have snapped your hands off,’ says Cahill, 29. ‘It’s an amazing feeling. I often think about how lucky I am and how so many people would love to be in this position.’ Since arriving at Stamford Bridge from Bolton in January 2012, the medals and trophies have simply kept on coming. ‘Moving to Chelsea has been such a success in terms of the titles I have won in three years,’ he says. ‘The winning mentality of the club rubs off on the players and you just want to win even more.’ Cahill poses with the Champions League trophy and the FA Cup after Chelsea completed the double in 2012 . The former Bolton and Aston Villa centre back holds aloft the Europa League trophy in Amsterdam a year later . A week ago, Cahill added a Capital One Cup winner’s medal as Chelsea clinched the first major silverware of season in a 2-0 victory over Tottenham at Wembley. ‘It was almost like the lads were bouncing into training the following day,’ he recalls. ‘Winning anything is special to [Jose] Mourinho. It’s his first trophy since he returned. ‘There was very little celebration considering we had just won a competition. My family had come down from the north to watch the game and they all stayed at my house. There’s no better feeling than driving home from Wembley to my family at home.’ Cahill added the Capital One Cup trophy to his haul last week as Chelsea defeated Tottenham 2-0 at Wembley . Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho is all smiles as he and his team celebrate after landing their latest silverware . Cahill (centre) appears highly amused as Mourinho throws himself to the floor during the celebrations . But with the Champions League and Barclays Premier League high on Chelsea’s agenda, it is ‘back to business’ as Cahill says. Mourinho keeps stoking up the warrior-like instincts in his team and Cahill believes that, aside from the manager’s meticulous pre-match planning, two key elements are contributing to the team’s success this season. ‘We’ve learned from our experiences,’ he says. ‘We played several teams last season where people expected us to get results but we didn’t. Having that in the back of your mind going into the season has helped, you don’t want to go through that again — you don’t want to waste opportunities.’ The second key factor is the quality of signings who joined the club in the past two transfer windows — including Cesc Fabregas and one of the best strikers in Europe, Diego Costa. Cahill says Chelsea learnt from setbacks last season and insists the club do not want to waste opportunities . Diego Costa arrived at Chelsea from Atletico Madrid and is one of the Premier League's most-feared strikers . Former Arsenal midfielder Cesc Fabregas, signed from Barcelona, has formed a connection with Costa . ‘Diego has come in and although he hardly speaks any English, had never played in this league before and has never lived in this country, he had an impact from the word go. ‘Time and again players come over and take a long time to settle down and get into the groove of the Premier League but it hasn’t fazed him. He’s one of the liveliest jokers in the changing room. He’s certainly entertaining and he has settled into the group really well. ‘With Cesc, everyone knew his quality and he has played in this League before so in a way it was easy for him to come back. But still, he has come into the side like he has never been away and the connection Costa and Fabregas have had this season has been fantastic for us. ‘There’s also the likes of Filipe Luis, who has come in and done tremendously well. There’s a real fight on at left-back. It’s one of those positions where we’re blessed. You know whoever plays is going to do the job. ‘Kurt Zouma is another great talent, he listens to everybody and he takes on advice. He’s a nice lad and a fantastic player. Playing at a club like Chelsea and being given the opportunity to play with the world-class players that we have means you can learn from them and improve your game.’ Chelsea centre backs Gary Cahill, captain John Terry and Kurt Zouma celebrate together at Wembley . Cahill had to take some flak after Tottenham’s Harry Kane inspired a 5-3 win over Chelsea on New Year’s Day, but he takes such criticism as ‘part and parcel of the game,’ and points out that ‘there isn’t a footballer on the planet who hasn’t received negative press’ at some stage in their career. ‘You need to have a thick skin at times, especially at the highest level. I am constantly analysing my performances and I tend to focus more on things I haven’t done as well as I’d have liked. I always look to improve and that’s what’s got me to where I am today.’ Cahill’s greatest day in Chelsea colours came in the Champions League victory over Bayern Munich in 2012. Now he is playing his part in their bid to repeat the feat, and his magnificently timed flick, from a Terry cross, led to Branislav Ivanovic’s header putting Chelsea in front against Paris Saint-Germain at the Parc des Princes in the first leg of their last 16 tie last month. Branislav Ivanovic celebrates after scoring for Chelsea against Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League . Cahill's flick from Terry's cross at the Parc des Princes led to Ivanovic's important goal in the French capital . ‘It was a crazy situation because we found all three of us in the box and nobody else,’ recalls Cahill. ‘JT played it to me and I knew Ivanovic was coming in behind me. I couldn’t score from that angle so I tried to help it on and he did the rest.’ On Wednesday, Chelsea host PSG in the return leg, with the tie 1-1, and it’s a mouthwatering challenge. ‘It’s got that final-feel about it because if you lose the game you’re out — and you have to really push hard to win the game. The atmosphere on European nights is something special and that’s another positive with the second leg being played at home, the fans are our 12th man. Have we got the squad and the players to win it again? Yes we have.’ | Gary Cahill has won Champions League and Europa League with Chelsea . The defender has also landed the FA Cup and Capital One Cup with Blues . England vice-captain could complete set with Premier League title . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal both comfortably sealed a spot in the quarter-finals of the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells with straight-set victories on Wednesday. Federer beat American 22-year-old Jack Sock 6-3, 6-2 to set up a last-eight clash with Czech Tomas Berdych. After a tight first set against Sock, Federer ran away with the match in the end as he notched up his 50th win in Indian Wells. Roger Federer reacts after winning a point on his way to victory in the fourth round in Indian Wells . Federer serves in front of a packed crowd at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden on Wednesday . Federer reaches out to his right to play the forehand as he comfortably progresses to the last eight . American Jack Sock put up a decent fight in the first set but was eventually beaten . Nadal also reached the last eight, beating Gilles Simon 6-2, 6-4 to stay on track for a shot at his fourth career title in the desert. The Spaniard next plays sixth-seeded Milos Raonic, who defeated 17th-seeded compatriot Tommy Robredo 6-3, 6-2 in a fourth-round match. Nadal served a love game to close out his match that began as a dust storm swirled outside the stadium under overcast skies. He connected on 70 percent of his first serves in beating Simon for the seventh time in eight meetings. Rafael Nadal celebrates after sealing victory against Gilles Simon on Wednesday . Nadal (left) shakes hands with Frenchman Simon after booking his place in the quarter-finals . Nadal is at full stretch out to his left to reach a forehand as he comfortably beats Simon in straight sets . | Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal both reached the BNP Paribas Open quarter-finals . Federer beat American Jack Sock 6-3, 6-2 and now faces Tomas Berdych . Nadal defeated Gilles Simon 6-2, 6-4 and will play Tommy Robredo . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Two Chinese men have been jailed for selling military intelligence, including hundreds of photos of China's first aircraft carrier, to foreign spies, state media reported. According to the Dalian Daily, the two men, surnamed Han and Zhang, were sentenced to eight and six years in prison respectively earlier this year. The report said that Han, 30, was approached by a person claiming to be a journalist via the instant messaging app WeChat. The "reporter" assigned Han to work in a military base, taking photos of "sensitive areas" of a major military project with his phone in the name of news gathering. Last summer, he traveled to Beijing and Liaoning, in China's northeast, to take photos, including images of exhibits at a national defense technology promotion show. He later passed recordings and photos to his "employer," the report said. "Although the enemies' tricks are cunning, they are totally preventable," the paper said. When contacted by CNN, Dalian's Public Security Bureau confirmed the media report was correct but declined to give further details. The other man, Zhang, 23, had sent more than 500 pictures of the Liaoning aircraft carrier, named after the province where it was refitted, to a person who claimed to be an editor with a foreign magazine before being detained last August. Two months earlier, Zhang had quit his original job for this better-paid side job, the paper said. The paper published photographs of their "spying equipment" -- iPhones, computers and cables. Some Internet users questioned whether it was really espionage to take photos of China's aircraft carrier -- even former U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel visited the vessel in 2014. "I have photos of the aircraft carrier, too," one person with the handle @gablio posted on Weibo, China's equivalent to Twitter. "When I flew from Dalian to Beijing two years ago, I saw the vessel clearly on the plane. Countless people have photographed it." | Two Chinese men have been jailed for selling military intelligence . Material includes hundreds of photos of China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning . They were jailed for six to eight years . |
Given this paragraph that describes the country of Peru, what is its population size? | Peru, officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú (help·info)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 34 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America. | Peru has a population of over 34 million people. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | England's hopes of landing their first Grand Slam of Stuart Lancaster’s reign have been dashed again as Ireland deservedly earned a victory that leaves them red-hot favourites to retain their Six Nations title. Lancaster’s men rarely threatened reproduce the form that saw them open the Championship with wins over Wales and Italy as Robbie Henshaw’s second-half try, allied to 14 points from the boot of Jonny Sexton, inflicted a demoralising defeat on the visitors. England travelled across the Irish Sea with high hopes of making it three wins from three but were persistently penalised at the breakdown by referee Craig Joubert as they struggled to gain a foothold in the match. VIDEO - Scroll down to see clips from the game . Robbie Henshaw (left) goes over the line to score a try for Ireland and take the game away from England in the Six Nations . Henshaw (left) had to collect a high ball to go over for the opening try, which was scored in the 52nd minute of the game . Henshaw's (right) try brought the Aviva Stadium to life as Ireland beat England in style in the Six Nations . England's players look dejected after they conceded the opening try of the match against Ireland and Henshaw . Henshaw (centre) is congratulated by his Ireland team-mate Jared Payne after scoring the try against England . While not as comprehensive as the 2013 defeat to Wales at the Millennium Stadium, or indeed their loss to Ireland on the same Aviva Stadium turf in 2011, in some ways this was just as demoralising in a home World Cup year. There were some fine individual performances from England, with Billy Vunipola outstanding at No8, but collectively the visitors were no match for Joe Schmidt’s unbeaten Irish. England, desperate for some silverware three years into Lancaster’s tenure, must now regroup to face Scotland and France at Twickenham but they will do in the knowledge their Grand Slam hopes have been shattered again. They retain a small chance of winning the Championship, but that will prove of little comfort in the light of this comprehensive defeat. Dublin was lashed by wind, rain and sleet in the hours before kick off but mercifully the weather relented to leave the Aviva Stadium pitch slippery but not treacherous. England had made two changes to their starting line-up from the side that beat Italy a fortnight ago with Jack Nowell preferred to Jonny May on the left wing and Alex Goode replacing Mike Brown after the Harlequins full back failed to recover from concussion he suffered against the Azzurri. Johnny Sexton was clinical with his kicking and the points he scored provided the backbone for Ireland's victory . Richard Wrigglesworth (left), George Kruis and Chris Robhaw react to England's defeat against Ireland . Conor Murray (centre) passes the ball out from the ruck in Ireland's game against England on Sunday . Ben Youngs (centre) of England is tackled by Sexton (second left) and Rory Best (right) of Ireland . Luther Burrell (centre) of England is hauled down by Ireland's Sexton in the clash at the Aviva Stadium . Ireland: Kearney, Bowe, Payne, Henshaw, Zebo, Sexton, Murray, McGrath, Best, Ross, Toner, O'Connell, O'Mahony, O'Brien, Murphy. Tries: Henshaw . Penalties: Sexton (4) England: Goode, Watson, Joseph, Burrell, Nowell, Ford, Youngs, Marler, Hartley, Cole, Attwood, Kruis, Haskell, Robshaw, B Vunipola. Penalties: Ford (2) Drop goals: Ford . Referee: Craig Joubert . Attendance: 51,500 . Jordi Murphy was Ireland’s only change as he started at No8 in place of Jamie Heaslip, who is recovering from the broken vertebra in his back, caused by an intentional knee from France lock Pascal Pape which led to a 10-week ban. Ireland went into the game on the back of a nine-match winning run, including autumn victories over Australia and South Africa, while England were buoyed by a four-game unbeaten run against today’s hosts. England were desperate to avoid another slow start after going behind in both their first two games of the Championship but, following a lengthy pre-match build up which left the players on the field for several minutes prior to kick off, they were sluggish out of the blocks again. George Ford turned over the ball on the half-way line seconds after kick off and James Haskell infringed at the breakdown after Ireland whipped the ball wide down the left. Jonny Sexton kicked the penalty from 40 metres, with barely two minutes on the clock, before England conceded another penalty from the kick off and Ireland roared back into their opponents half. With the capacity crowd behind Ireland, Sexton hoisted an awkward cross kick which Nowell was unable to gather and the Irish forwards thundered at England with wave after wave of attacks. Another penalty was conceded under the posts, which Sexton converted, as England found themselves 6-0 down having barely drawn breath. The visitors finally gained some sustained possession and Ford was influential in stretching the Irish defence as Luther Burrell and Ben Youngs both made telling incursions before the England fly half slotted a neat drop goal on 12 minutes to get his side on the scoreboard. Ford missed a long-range penalty attempt and England blew another excellent chance after fine build-up play saw Ford kick a penalty to touch only for Dylan Hartley to throw straight to Devin Toner and allow Ireland to clear. Alex Goode (centre) blasts the ball clear to relieve the pressure on England from Ireland in the Six Nations game . Sexton (right) of Ireland tackles Ford (left) of England during the Six Nations game at the Aviva Stadium . Conor Murray (second right) clears the ball upfield as James Haskell (right) of England attempts to smother . Simon Zebo (centre) is tackled by the England pair of Jonathan Jospeh and Anthony Watson in the Six Nations encounter . Simon Zebo (centre) of Ireland clings to the ball as England's Jonathan Jospeh challenges for possession . Dave Attwood (upper left) of England wins the line-out ball under pressure from Peter O'Mahoney (right) of Ireland . George Ford replied for England but Stuart Lancaster's side could not run Ireland close in the game at the Aviva Stadium . Ireland flanker Sean O’Brien was taken off after 24 minutes after he was seen lying prone on the floor before attempting to stand up, only to lurch and stagger alarmingly as he battled the medics to stay on. The flanker did not return. Sexton kicked his third penalty as Ireland went 9-3 in front with 30 minutes gone but the fly half could not stretch Ireland’s lead further when he missed a difficult penalty attempt after Anthony Watson was penalised for off-side. Ireland took a six-point lead in at half time as England clung on after 40 minutes that saw that repeatedly penalised by South African referee Craig Joubert. Ireland were fastest out of the blocks in the second half and a sharp break by Conor Murray saw Robbie Henshaw hack through only for Goode to save the day for England with some brilliant defensive work behind the posts. Joubert again penalised England at the breakdown on 47 minutes and Sexton extended his side’s lead to nine points with his fourth penalty and Ireland struck the killer blow when Murray chiped deep into England’s dead-ball area and Henshaw out-jumped Goode to touch down. Robbie Henshaw (left) receives treatment during the game against England but was fit enough to continue and score a try for Ireland . Both sides new that victory would give them the upper hand in the race to win the RBS Six Nations . England's players line up for the national anthem prior to the start of their game against Ireland at the Aviva Stadium . Sexton’s conversion made it 19-3 after 53 minutes and it was impossible to see a way back for England. Ford added his first penalty to chip away at Ireland’s lead after a bulldozing run by Billy Vunipola and gave his side hope after 67 minutes with another three points . It proved a false hope as Ireland held on. Even Jack Nowell’s late try attempt was chalked off when Joubert spotted a forward pass. It summed up England’s day. | Jonny Sexton led the way for Ireland with four penalties and Robbie Henshaw scored a try . The victory for Ireland leaves them in the strongest position to win the Six Nations with two games remaining . England hopes of winning the competition are now out of their hands . |
Given a reference text about a George Orwell, tell me when and where they were born, what books they wrote, and what their most famous accomplishment were. | Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is characterized by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitarianism, and support of democratic socialism.
Orwell produced literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). His non-fiction works, including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting his experience of working-class life in the industrial north of England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences soldiering for the Republican faction of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), are as critically respected as his essays on politics, literature, language and culture.
Blair was born in India, and raised and educated in England. After school he became an Imperial policeman in Burma, before returning to Suffolk, England, where he began his writing career as George Orwell—a name inspired by a favourite location, the River Orwell. He lived from occasional pieces of journalism, and also worked as a teacher or bookseller whilst living in London. From the late 1920s to the early 1930s, his success as a writer grew and his first books were published. He was wounded fighting in the Spanish Civil War, leading to his first period of ill health on return to England. During the Second World War he worked as a journalist and for the BBC. The publication of Animal Farm led to fame during his lifetime. During the final years of his life he worked on Nineteen Eighty-Four, and moved between Jura in Scotland and London. It was published in June 1949, less than a year before his death.
Orwell's work remains influential in popular culture and in political culture, and the adjective "Orwellian"—describing totalitarian and authoritarian social practices—is part of the English language, like many of his neologisms, such as "Big Brother", "Thought Police", "Room 101", "Newspeak", "memory hole", "doublethink", and "thoughtcrime". In 2008, The Times ranked George Orwell second among "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". | Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, was born in Motihari, Bengal Presidency, British India on June 25th, 1903. Raised and educated in England, Orwell fought in the Spanish Civil War, worked as a journalist for the BBC during World War 2 and went on to author a number of literary classics such as Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty Four which lead to him being named among the top 50 greatest British writers. |
According to the below, what is the Markov decision process? | In mathematics, a Markov decision process (MDP) is a discrete-time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for studying optimization problems solved via dynamic programming. MDPs were known at least as early as the 1950s; a core body of research on Markov decision processes resulted from Ronald Howard's 1960 book, Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes. They are used in many disciplines, including robotics, automatic control, economics and manufacturing. The name of MDPs comes from the Russian mathematician Andrey Markov as they are an extension of Markov chains. | A Markov decision process (MDP) is a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in cases where outcomes are not entirely under the control of decision makers. MDPs are used in a variety of disciplines, such as robotics and economics. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)When food giant Nestle USA (to which I am, alas, not related) last month announced plans to remove all artificial flavors and colors from its chocolate candies, it understandably made headlines. According to the company, by the end of 2015, none of a group of 250 chocolate products including Butterfinger and Baby Ruth will contain artificial flavors or colors such as Red #40 or Yellow #5. With the expectation that these chemicals will also disappear from the company's other candies, it looks like the end of the use of artificial flavors and colors in anything but the cheapest food products. If that proves to be the case, it will be a welcome shift. Nestle USA intends to advertise the reformulated products with a "No artificial flavors or colors" claim on package labels. If sales of the "no artificial" candies grow as expected, the company will surely extend the removal to all of its other colored and flavored food products. After all, Nestle's international parent company -- and the company's competitors -- will have to take notice and find ways to remove these chemicals from all their product lines. Nestle USA has undeniable clout. It accounts for a quarter of the $100 billion in annual revenues of the more than century-old, privately held parent corporation, which itself is the largest food company in the world. This move surely will not only reverberate through the candy industry, but also affect every other major food company. In substituting natural for artificial flavors and colors, Nestle USA is responding to what its customers are saying. The company's own research indicates that Americans prefer their beloved candy brands to be free of artificial flavors and colors, while other surveys find majorities of respondents saying that artificial chemical additives negatively influence their buying decisions. 7 chemicals in your food . Nestle is also responding to decades of complaints from consumer advocates about the potential health risks of these chemicals, especially the dyes. Studies in experimental animals have linked high doses of food dyes to health problems, among them organ damage, cancer, birth defects, and allergic reactions. In humans, studies link food dyes to hyperactivity and other behavioral problems in young children. The credibility of these studies and their implications for human health remain hotly debated. In the 1970s, for example, Ben Feingold, a physician in California, suggested that food additives caused children to become hyperactive. Much of the evidence for the "Feingold hypothesis" rested on anecdotal reports by parents, whereas double-blind, controlled clinical trials produced contradictory results. On the basis of current evidence, some artificial food dyes have been banned, while others remain in use despite suggestions that they too might be harmful. But the makers and users of food dyes argue that the chemicals are safe at current levels of usage. As a result of all this, and in the absence of convincing evidence of their safety, the advocacy group Center for Science in the Public Interest has campaigned since the 1970s to remove food dyes and other chemicals from foods, and has continued to petition the Food and Drug Administration to ban them. Kraft removing artificial dyes from some mac and cheese . The opposing views complicate the regulatory status of food dyes. But after one clinical trial reported that dyes induce hyperactivity in half the children studied, the British government asked companies to stop using most food colors; the European Union requires a warning notice on many foods made with them. In the United States, the FDA does not permit artificial food dyes to be used unless the manufacturers can meet safety requirements. But the amounts of these substances in the country's food supply have greatly increased in recent years -- soft drinks, breakfast cereals, frozen desserts and even salad dressings all contain artificial coloring agents. True, the FDA considers a dye to be safe if there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from its intended use. But that standard is vague enough to cause concern. Given the unresolved scientific questions, it is reasonable to ask why artificial colors have to be in foods at all. From the standpoint of manufacturers, such additives are essential for covering up and hiding unattractive colors in processed foods. To the public, red candy seems to taste better than the drab variety. And while natural colors exist, they are less stable or more expensive to produce. But for Nestle to have taken the action that it has, the company must have found substitutes it can live with. And appealing to consumers' preference for "natural" makes good business sense. The truth is that whether artificial colors do or do not cause health problems in adults or children, they are there strictly for cosmetic purposes. For that reason alone, getting rid of them is a good idea. | Nestle USA plans to remove all artificial flavors and colors from its chocolate candies . Marion Nestle: Consumers pushing for less additives . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Denis Irwin remains convinced Luke Shaw will be a big star at Manchester United. Irwin, one of the most decorated defenders in United's history, tipped Shaw to star for United shortly after he signed for the club, but the teenager has had a mixed maiden campaign so far. Shaw has impressed on a few occasions, but injury has prevented him from fulfilling his potential. VIDEO Scroll down to watch Denis Irwin: No doubt that Luke Shaw will be a top United player . Luke Shaw tussles with Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain during Manchester United's FA Cup clash defeat by Arsenal . The former Southampton defender has failed to replicate his form for Southampton last season . The 19-year-old was made to train on his own after turning up to pre-season out of shape and he was then hit by hamstring and ankle problems. The left-back has started just 12 Premier League games so far, but Irwin is sure the club will start seeing a return on their £31.5million investment once his injury troubles are over. 'I have no doubt he will be a great player for us in years to come,' Irwin told Press Association Sport. 'Until he gets a run of games I don't think you are going to see the quality Luke Shaw can bring to a side. 'When he gets that under his belt you will see the best of him. 'Hopefully he will stay injury-free for us for the rest of year and get a run of games.' United beat strong competition from Shaw's boyhood club Chelsea to sign the defender from Southampton last summer. Denis Irwin played for Manchester United for 12 years between 1990 and 2002 . Shaw jokes about with Marouane Fellaini during a United training session last week . Irwin believes it is unreasonable to expect too much too soon from a player who only made his Premier League debut in November 2012, regardless of how much United paid for him. 'He has had a big couple of years,' said Irwin, who played 529 times for the club. 'He had a couple of years at Southampton, he had a big-money move here and he was involved in a World Cup at just 18-years-old so the spotlight has been on him through no fault of his own. 'When you are 19 you will make mistakes and you will learn from them. 'I have no doubt he will be getting plenty of advice from the coaches and the manager.' Shaw, who has been suffering from another hamstring injury recently, sat out United's 3-0 win over Spurs on Sunday. The win tightened United's grip on fourth place and they now sit just two points behind second-placed Manchester City. Irwin (left) celebrates with Roy Keane and David Beckham after scoring a penalty against Liverpool in 1999 . The long-time United left back slides into a challenge with a young David Dunn against Blackburn in 1999 . Irwin was impressed by the performance against Spurs and he now hopes the team will produce similar performances against their top-four rivals in the coming weeks to secure the Champions League football which they have missed so dearly this term. 'It was a big loss for us when we didn't qualify for the Champions League. It's been a strange year,' said Irwin, who was part of the team that won the trophy in the most dramatic fashion in 1999. 'We have missed Champions League football, I have missed big teams coming here. 'There are some big matches coming up in the round of 16. We are not involved and it's not nice watching. 'City go to Barcelona this week and we watch that and wish we were part of it because it's the best club competition in the world.' Denis Irwin was speaking at the launch of bwin Manchester United Casino - the world's first club-based real money casino app which is available now on Android from bwin.com/manutdcasino and will be available soon on iOS through the App Store. | Luke Shaw joined Manchester United from Southampton for £31.5million . The 19-year-old has struggled for form since his move to Old Trafford . Shaw has also battled injuries preventing him from getting run of games . Denis Irwin played for the club for 12 years between 1990 and 2002 . The 49-year-old remains convinced that Shaw will be a great player . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Wales coach Robin McBryde has warned fans that attractive and entertaining rugby is low on the agenda ahead of Saturday's RBS 6 Nations Test against Ireland. Recent comments from All Blacks boss Steve Hansen about the game being 'geared towards defences that inhibit attack' have sparked debate around the sport's marketability, with McBryde predicting another war of attrition at the Millennium Stadium. Asked if he expects a feast of running rugby, the 44-year-old said: 'I'm not too sure about that. There is a lot at stake. Ireland are on course for a Grand Slam and just to get away from Cardiff with a win, that's all they will be looking to do. Wales coach Robin McBryde insists that winning rather than attractive rugby will be their main priority . Jamie Roberts (right) in action for Wales during the Six Nations match with France at the Stade de France . New Zealand's Steve Hansen recently suggested that rugby is being geared towards a more defensive style . 'With regards to playing any attractive rugby, that will come second. That's the nature of the game at the moment and that's how teams are wearing each other down and, unfortunately, the spectators have got to pay a price for that.' Wales have beaten Ireland just twice in Cardiff over the last 32 years and McBryde is expecting one of the toughest challenges to date against the championship favourites. 'They are on a bit of a roll at the moment — 10 wins on the bounce,' said McBryde. 'Certainly from the outside it looks a very happy camp. This is quite a formidable Ireland team and we are going to have to be at our best to come close to them.' All eyes will be on the battle of the skies as the hosts look to end the visitors' Grand Slam push and keep alive their own championship hopes. They have been working overtime to nullify the aerial bombardment from Jonathan Sexton and Conor Murray, with scrum-half Rhys Webb promising not to repeat the mistakes that England made in Dublin two weeks ago. 'I don't know if England did much analysis on them,' said Webb. 'They didn't seem to put much pressure on nine and 10 whatsoever. We need to be on the money and we know there is no margin for error.' France's Jocelino Suta (centre) fends off the challenges as he surges forward against Wales . Jonathan Davies runs with the ball for Wales as his side beat France 20-13 in their last game . France's Sofiane Guitoune (left) is tackled as he makes a break during Les Bleus' defeat in their last game . It promises to be an intense tactical battle between Warren Gatland and counterpart Joe Schmidt, with the former subjected to a bitter personal attack by retired Ireland lock Neil Francis during the week. Gatland was said to have 'the intellectual properties of a tub of Flora', although Ireland captain Paul O'Connell holds the Kiwi in much higher regard. 'For as long as I can remember we've being trying to poach ideas from Warren Gatland,' said O'Connell. 'We played Wasps with Munster in 2003 or 2004 and they were so far ahead in terms of how they were playing and how the players were prepared from an S&C (strength and conditioning) and nutritional point of view. It was a rude awakening. He makes complicated things very simple and he probably pioneered that way of thinking. 'At the start of the championship, Joe said the Wales- England game was going to be the standard-bearer. Two years ago Ireland beat (Wales) in the first game and they just built and built and built until they absolutely erupted in that final game against England. 'They'll feel the same thing is happening now.' Wales boss Warren Gatland watches his players in training ahead of the showdown with Ireland . Ireland coach Joe Schmidt talks with fly-half Jonny Sexton during ahead of Saturday's game with Wales . A lot has changed since Paul O'Connell played the first of his 100 Tests more than 13 years ago. Professionalism has been the key to the former shelf-stacker's longevity, although he has not always been surrounded by such healthy company. On the week of his debut in 2002 — against Wales in Dublin — the young and enthusiastic second-row had to share a room with former Munster team-mate Peter Clohessy. 'I was woken by the smell of cigarette smoke in my nostrils every morning,' recalled a laughing O'Connell. 'The Claw' used to have a cigarette the moment he woke up. I was well aware this was not the way forward. 'Obviously it's changed a lot since then. Now in Irish camp I take a lot of advice from (strength and conditioning coach) Jason Cowman. Jonny Sexton is obviously (another) great guy to copy and follow.' As the ball emerges from the ruck, Ireland's Conor Murray kicks it upfield during the match with England . Scrum-half Murray passes the ball down the line during Ireland's 19-9 victory over England last time out . Ireland's Iain Henderson (centre) braves the challenges of Billy Vunipola (right) and Richard Wigglesworth . Murray brings the ball forward once more against England at the Aviva Stadium on March 1 . Kicking game . In Conor Murray and Jonathan Sexton, Ireland have the world's in-form kicking half-back combination. Their aerial game-plan was predictable against England yet Stuart Lancaster did not have the players at his disposable to stop it. Wales, however, have one of the best defensive back-threes in the world and Leigh Halfpenny is a master at limiting the space to kick into. How well Ireland anticipate that — perhaps using Sexton as a looping runner, if the wingers drop back — will be highly significant. Set-piece . At 6ft 9in and 6ft 11in, Luke Charteris of Wales and Devin Toner of Ireland are two of the tallest players in the competition. They are both extremely difficult to beat on their own line-out throw, while they can be equally disruptive towards their opponents'. Their long limbs are used to try and steal ball, although that can leave the defending side open to attack from the driving maul, where both Wales and Ireland are particularly effective. Picking the right moments to challenge will be pivotal; a responsibility that falls on the shoulders of Alun-Wyn Jones and Paul O'Connell. Breakdown . Welsh defence coach Shaun Edwards claims his players are the best in the world at contesting the post-tackle area. However, they will face their toughest breakdown battle yet against Ireland, who won 23 turnovers to nine against England in round three. Warren Gatland's game-plan relies heavily on quick recycled ball and Ireland will look to slow that down to limit the risk from the likes of Jamie Roberts and George North. Getting on the right side of referee Wayne Barnes will be key, because Halfpenny and Sexton are two of the world's leading goal-kickers. | Wales take on Ireland in the Six Nations at the Millennium Stadium . Coach Robin McBryde says they will play ugly if they need to in order to win . New Zealand boss Steve Hansen recently criticised defensive play . McBryde insists that winning will be Wales' first priority on Saturday . They face an unbeaten Ireland side so far in this year's tournament . |
which are the countries surrounding India | The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia.
Land borders of India
See also: List of disputed territories of India, Indian subcontinent, Greater India, Indosphere, and Look East policy (India)
India shares land borders with seven sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106 kilometres (66 mi) land border with an eighth nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim of the Kashmir region (see Durand Line).
Land Border Country Dispute Length (Km) and (mi) Force Comments
Bangladesh N 4,096 kilometres (2,545 mi) Border Security Force Most of the India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged in 2015. See Bangladesh Liberation War and Bangladesh–India relations.
Bhutan N 578 kilometres (359 mi) Sashastra Seema Bal Open border. See Bhutan–India relations.
China Y 3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi) Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force Also see Ardagh–Johnson Line, Macartney–MacDonald Line, McMahon Line, Sino-Indian border dispute and China–India relations.
Myanmar N 1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi) Assam Rifles and Indian Army See India-Myanmar relations.
Nepal Y 1,752 kilometres (1,089 mi) Sashastra Seema Bal Open border. See Kalapani territory, Susta territory and India-Nepal relations.
Pakistan Y 3,310 kilometres (2,060 mi) Border Security Force Also see Radcliffe Line, Line of Control, Actual Ground Position Line and Sir Creek. See Partition of India, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and India-Pakistan relations.
Maritime borders of India
See also: Exclusive economic zone of India
EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial maritime zone and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7,000-kilometre (4,300 mi) maritime border shared with seven nations.
Maritime Border Country Length (km) and (mi) Force Comments
Bangladesh Indian Navy New Moore Island in Bay of Bengal
Indonesia Indian Navy Indira Point in Andaman Sea
Myanmar Indian Navy Landfall Island in Andaman Sea
Pakistan Indian Navy Sir Creek in Arabian Sea
Thailand Indian Navy Similan Islands in Andaman Sea
Sri Lanka >400 kilometres (250 mi) Indian Navy Katchatheevu in Palk Strait
Maldives Indian Navy Maliku Kandu in Laccadive Sea | The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia. |
Extract all the different ways to describe dolls from these passages | Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors.
During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately. | paper dolls, infants, adult-bodied doll, adult-figured doll |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)With tensions running high after the shooting of two officers in Ferguson, Missouri, state and county police took over protest security in the St. Louis suburb Thursday. St. Louis County Police and the Missouri State Highway Patrol are assuming "command of the security detail regarding protests," St. Louis County Police said, while Ferguson Police will remain responsible for "routine policing services" in the city. The takeover came less than a day after two police officers standing guard outside Ferguson police headquarters were shot in what St. Louis County Police Chief Jon Belmar called an "ambush," spurring a manhunt for those responsible for targeting the line of officers. "We could have buried two police officers," Belmar told reporters. "... I feel very confident that whoever did this ... came there for whatever nefarious reason that it was." Belmar said several people "have been very forthright" with investigators, but authorities haven't released the names of any possible suspects. Investigators believe they have identified two people they want to question in the shooting, and one of them might be the shooter, a law enforcement official said. Police are also trying to find anyone who may have helped the shooter get away. This isn't the first time that county police and state troopers have stepped in to handle protest security. When clashes between police and protesters boiled over last year, Missouri's governor declared a state of emergency and tapped the State Highway Patrol to take over. After that emergency declaration expired in December, Ferguson Police resumed command of protest security. Officers from other agencies have continued to provide backup at larger protests. At a candlelight vigil Thursday night near the scene of the shooting, religious leaders led prayers for the wounded police officers and protesters. Dozens of demonstrators gathered again outside the police headquarters Thursday night. This time, Jeff Roorda of the St. Louis Police Officers Association said, the security situation on the streets is different. "It's a very tense situation, as you can well imagine," he told CNN's "The Situation Room." "In my communications as a union official with police commanders, I've been assured that tactics will be different tonight. I assume that means not only more officers, but a wider perimeter, with coverage, perhaps, of these blind spots from which the shots were fired last night." Shots rang from a hill overlooking the station out shortly after midnight Wednesday, at the end of a protest against the Ferguson Police Department. Officers saw "muzzle flashes ... about 125 yards away," Belmar said. Protesters have disavowed any ties to the shooting, saying the demonstrators believe in nonviolence. "As the protest was dying down, someone, somewhere got violent. Now who they were and what group they were affiliated with, we don't know," said Antonio French, a St. Louis alderman. "In no way are they representative of the thousands of people...who have been protesting." Belmar believes someone targeted the police, who have faced heated criticism for months, for a reason. "These police officers were standing there, and they were shot just because they were police officers," he said. That department has been under fire since one of its officers, Darren Wilson, shot and killed black teen Michael Brown in August, and more recently since a scathing U.S. Department of Justice report came out documenting a pattern of racial discrimination. Police Chief Thomas Jackson resigned from his post Wednesday. While the demonstrators' focus was Ferguson, neither of the wounded officers works in that St. Louis suburb's Police Department. One is from Webster Groves, a city about 13 miles south of Ferguson. The officer -- a 32-year-old with seven years' experience -- was shot at the high point of his cheek, just under his right eye, Belmar said. The other wounded officer was hit in the shoulder and the bullet came out the middle of his back, Belmar said. He is a 41-year-old from St. Louis County Police who has been in law enforcement for the past 14 years. Both men were treated and released from St. Louis' Barnes Jewish Hospital. Brown's parents condemned the shooting as "senseless," saying such violence against law enforcement "will not be tolerated." So did the White House, with a tweet signed with President Barack Obama's initials offering prayers for the wounded officers and calling "violence against police ... unacceptable." And U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, who visited Ferguson in the aftermath of Brown's shooting and unrest that spurred, decried what happened as a "heinous and cowardly (and) repugnant attack." "What happened last night was a pure ambush," Holder said. "This was not someone trying to bring healing to Ferguson. This was a damn punk who was trying to sow discord." Iresha Turner says police banged on her door in the middle of the night. "I opened the door and stood back. I look at my chest, there's a red dot on it," she said. "I have my hands up, start crying. I said, 'please, don't shoot me." Turner was one of three people who were questioned for hours by investigators Thursday and eventually released. But they never saw the shooting and had no idea who opened fire, she said. Turner thinks police questioned her because she was in a car of people who sped away after the shooting -- not because they had anything to do with it, she said, but because they were scared after hearing gunshots. It's not known what connection, if any, the shooter or shooters had to Wednesday night's protest. One irony is that, for some protesters, Wednesday was a day to celebrate: They'd called for Jackson's resignation for months, and finally it was happening. But for others, it was not enough. That's why they congregated in Ferguson, to demand changes like disbanding the city's entire Police Department and ousting Mayor James Knowles. Some chanted, "Racist cops have got to go." Others held signs with slogans such as "They don't really care about us!" and "Black lives matter." "It was a great group (with) great, great energy," protester Markus Loehrer said. Three were arrested in a crowd Belmar characterized as agitated and "pretty rowdy" at times. Demonstrator DeRay McKesson told CNN that one fight that occurred had nothing to do with the protests. At its peak, some 150 protesters congregated Wednesday night in front of the Ferguson police station, Belmar said. About 70 law enforcement officers from multiple departments came in to stand in front of the station, as they have on many other nights -- with the turnout of demonstrators the highest since the November grand jury decision not to indict Wilson. There's the manhunt, of course. And then there's the likelihood of more protests and the possibility of more violence as well. Even though Jackson, City Manager John Shaw, Ferguson's top court clerk and two police officers are gone or on their way out, some activists are vowing to keep pressing for change. "We aren't satisfied with this," Reed said of the police chief's exit. "It's a step in the right direction, but it's not what total justice looks like in Ferguson." Jackson expressed optimism that, in his view, the Justice Department report concluded that Ferguson "can do the tough work to see this through and emerge the best small town it can be." But what are the prospects after Thursday's shooting? Loehrer worried that the shooting will undercut the protesters' message against discrimination and violence. "It's a shame that somebody had to take advantage of this great group," he said, "to do something so despicable." And Belmar said it underscores the fact that, eight months after Brown's death, the streets of Ferguson are still simmering and law enforcement officers there are on edge. "This is beginning at times to be very difficult for any law enforcement agencies, anywhere, to really wrap their arms around," he said. "I want everybody ... to understand how difficult this is." CNN's Holly Yan, Joe Sutton, Sara Sidner, Jason Carroll, Shimon Prokupecz, Evan Perez, Don Lemon and Tina Burnside contributed to this report. | Protests resume outside Ferguson's police headquarters . Investigators identify two they want to question; one might be the shooter . State troopers and county police will take over protest security . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Tottenham Hotspur winger Erik Lamela is clearly enjoying his mini-break from football as he enjoyed dinner with his family in Spain. He posted a picture of the Lamela clan to his Instagram account along with the caption: 'Visiting family in Spain, enjoying my day off. Hello to everybody. #españa #galicia #villalba' The Tottenham players are currently enjoying a few days off and are not back in action until Sunday's clash against Manchester United. Erik Lamela took to Instagram to show fans his family as they enjoyed a meal while away in Galicia, Spain . Lamela, who joined the north London club from Roma in 2013, helped Spurs go sixth in the Premier League on Saturday as they beat relegation candidates QPR. The Argentinean only managed 11 minutes of the London derby, but it didn't stop him from jetting out to Galicia for a relaxing break. Pochettino's side can go level on points with Louis van Gaal's Manchester United if they can beat the Red Devils at Old Trafford when they return to action on Sunday. Lamela in action against Chelsea during Tottenham Hotspur's Capital One Cup final clash at Wembley . Tottenham can go level on points with Louis van Gaal's Manchester United with a win on Sunday . | Tottenham's Erik Lamela enjoyed a Spanish lunch with his family in Galicia . Argentinean ace posted the picture to his Instagram account on Monday . Players are currently enjoying a mini-break ahead of Manchester United . Tottenham can go level on points with the Red Devils with a win . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Tunisia's tourism industry has been thrown into disarray by a terror attack on Wednesday that left at least 17 foreign visitors dead and prompted urgent warnings over security. Only just recovering from the impact of the Arab Spring uprisings four years ago, Tunisia has once again emerged as a winter sun draw for tens of thousands of travelers. But following Wednesday's attack and siege at the prestigious Bardo Museum in central Tunis, the country's tourism industry is once again facing jeopardy even as authorities and operators scramble to ensure the safety of visitors currently in the country. A significant number of foreign tourists were inside the museum at the time of the attack, which government officials said was the work of "Islamists." Prime Minister Habib Essid said Polish, Italian, German and Spanish tourists are among those killed, with another 20 tourists plus two Tunisians wounded in the attack. MSC Cruises said its ship, MSC Splendida, is currently docked in the Tunis port of La Goulette and some of its passengers had been on tours of the city, including the Bardo at the time of the attack. "All the tourist coaches on tour were immediately recalled to the port and all other tours on the ground were immediately suspended," MSC said in a statement. Another ship, the Costa Fascinosa, docked in Tunis at that time, has a manifest of more than 3,000 passengers, its parent company Costa Cruise said. As details of the incident emerged, several foreign governments put out warnings urging their citizens to stay away from the scene of the attacks, around an area that includes the national parliament building. The U.S. Embassy in Tunis issued an alert that also reiterated standing advice about the potential for violence in Tunisia and the risk of kidnappings. Its warning cautions against trips to Tunisia's central, southern and border regions. Britain's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) also urged UK citizens to stay away from the affected areas of Tunis and to "follow the instructions of Tunisian security authorities." Its warning also carried longstanding advice: "There is a high threat from terrorism, including kidnapping. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including places visited by foreigners." With tens of thousands of foreign visitors likely to be in Tunisia right now and many more contemplating travel there, travel operators have been rushing to formulate a response to the attack. It's not immediately known if flights will be added to accommodate any sudden surge in departures or whether tour operators will pull out of the country -- responses that followed a terror attack in Kenya last year. Thomson and First Choice, a UK-based travel operator that carries thousands of vacationers on package trips to Tunisia, said it had canceled organized excursions to Tunis as a precaution. A statement said it would follow FCO advice, which overall remained unchanged for Tunisia. "Thomson and First Choice customers stay in beach destinations, not Tunis, and we can confirm that none of our customers or staff were affected by the incident that took place there today," it said. "As a precaution however we have canceled excursions to Tunis for the coming days. "Customer safety is of paramount importance to us and we continue to work closely with the FCO and the British Consulate to monitor the situation. Tunisia remains a popular destination for us and customers are enjoying their holidays as normal." In its advisory, the UK Foreign Office points out "424,707 British nationals visited Tunisia in 2014. Most British tourists stay in the coastal resorts and most visits are trouble free." Indeed, Tunisia's largely unsullied reputation as a safe north African destination for Europeans seeking low coast beach breaks has clawed back some of the popularity it enjoyed before 2011. In 2010, the country welcomed 6.9 million tourists to its beach resorts and numerous historic sites. In 2011, the year in which an uprising ousted longtime President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali -- an event credited with triggering the Arab Spring -- that number fell below 4.8 million. With calm restored in recent years -- despite security concerns from neighboring Libya and ongoing political tensions -- those numbers have been on the rise, helped by costly advertising campaigns. Recently reported statistics put visitor numbers still 10% lower than their pre-2011 levels, but numbers had been expected to rise again -- particularly with a new "Star Wars" film renewing interest in the country's role as a key location in the original movies. In a 2013 interview, Tunisian tourism minister Jamel Gamra said up to 20% of Tunisia's population -- equivalent to 2 million people -- relied on the tourism industry. He told the Inter Press Service he was optimistic that visitor numbers would continue to grow. "The sector has big potential and we aim to reach 10 million tourists by 2016, a growth of one million tourists per year," he said. "Tunisia also has more freedom and democracy now, which is very important for economic growth and prosperity and has a positive effect on the tourism industry." | Gunmen killed 17 tourists and two others on Wednesday at a museum in Tunisia's capital . U.S., UK and other foreign governments have issued travel warnings . Tourism numbers had been increasing in Tunisia in recent years, following downturn after 2011 Arab Spring unrest . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Oklahoma University alumni are rallying around an African American chef who has been forced out of his job at the school's disgraced fraternity after footage emerged of members performing a racist chant. Howard has worked at Sigma Alpha Epsilon for more than 15 years, cooking raved-about chili dogs and cheering students with his 'infectious smile', former members say. But on Monday, his role was terminated after the university closed SAE with immediate effect. It was a reaction to a video of fraternity brothers chanting 'There will never be a n***** in SAE' to the tune of If You're Happy And You Know It. SCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEO . Support: Howard has worked as a chef at Oklahoma University's Sigma Alpha Epsilon for more than 15 years but is now unemployed because the house was shut down after members were filmed singing a racist chant . Calling for support for Howard and his family as he looks for a new job, one former SAE member created an Indiegogo fundraiser page, and wrote: 'He is going to lose his job because of a bus full of racist kids... Because of these kids' actions, many will be affected. None more so than Howard.' Howard, he writes, 'was always there to chat with you' but now 'he is going to learn who has been working for. And through some cruel twist of fate, he has to lose the job that he has held for over a decade.' Within roughly 12 hours, the fund had amassed $5,000. And it is not the only one. 'Infectious smile': Howard befriended all students he came into contact with, alumni say as they raise money . 'There will never be a n***** SAE': The vile chant was performed by members of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity chapter at the University of Oklahoma on Saturday. The society has since been shut down . Simultaneously another former SAE brother set up a GoFundMe page slamming 'the disgusting chant' and lauding Howard as 'hard-working and loyal'. That page has at least $3,000. A Twitter user who shared a link to the fundraising page wrote: 'I went to an OU SAE tailgate one time, (had a great time) an i met that man howard, he grills a mean burger.' All members of the fraternity have until midnight on Monday to leave the premises, University of Oklahoma President David Boren announced at a press conference amid a chorus of furious reaction to the footage. Hitting back: The fraternity's now-defunct building has been spraying with graffiti reading 'TEAR IT DOWN' Frat house: The SAE base at the University of Oklahoma is pictured above. The national organization has some undergraduate 15,000 members . | Howard made raved-about chili dogs and befriended all the students . He worked at Oklahoma University's Sigma Alpha Epsilon for 15 years . After SAE members' racist chant, house is shut and Howard has no job . Fraternity's alumni have started fundraiser to financially support Howard as he looks for new employment. They slam the chant as 'disgusting' All members of the house have until midnight to leave . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | We have been here before, of course — a breathless Liverpool win over Manchester City secured by the brilliant right foot of Philippe Coutinho. That was last April and we all know what happened next. This time, the Liverpool charge is locked on a different target. Last season, despite their slaying of City at Anfield, they could not secure the Barclays Premier League title and it remains to be seen if this tilt at the top four ends more happily. If it does, this will be looked upon as a pivotal day. Philippe Coutinho lets fly from range to score the winning goal for Liverpool as they continued their rich vein of form . Coutinho, along with the Manchester City defence, watch on as the Brazilian's shot arrows towards the Manchester City net . Hart is left helpless as Coutinho's effort rises above his outstretched hand and nestles in the back of the keeper's net . Coutinho leads the celebrations as Martin Skrtel and Joe Allen chase after him after his stunning winning strike . Coutinho is lost among a heap of his Liverpool team-mates as the Anfield side celebrate the Brazilian's winner against Manchester City . Liverpool (3-4-3): Mignolet 6.5, Can 7, Skrtel 7, Lovren 6.5, Markovic 6.5 (Sturridge 76), Henderson 8.5, Allen 8.5, Moreno 6.5 (Toure 82), Coutinho 9.5, Sterling 7.5, Lallana 8 . Subs not used: Lambert, Borini, Balotelli, Williams, Ward. Manager: Rodgers 8 . Goals: Henderson 11, Coutinho 75 . Booked: Lallana . Man City (4-1-3-2): Hart 6.5, Zabaleta 7.5, Kompany 5.5, Mangala 5, Kolarov 5.5, Nasri 6 (Lampard 83), Toure 5.5, Fernandinho 6.5 (Bony 78), Silva 6.5, Aguero 7.5, Dzeko 5.5 (Milner 58). Subs not used: Fernando, Caballero, Clichy, Demichelis . Manager: Manuel Pellegrini 5.5 . Goal: Dzeko 26 . Booked: Fernandinho, Milner, Bony . Referee: Mark Clattenburg (Tyne & Wear) Attendance: 44,590 . Ratings by DOMINIC KING at Anfield . Liverpool's winning goal came after a long passage of build up before Philippe Coutinho fired the ball past Joe Hart. Click here to check out our brilliant Match Zone for pitch maps, heat maps and all the stats from the Anfield side's crucial victory. No doubt feeling Thursday night’s Europa League exit in their minds and legs, Brendan Rodgers’ team faced a fresher City side hungry to close the gap on Chelsea at the top. Still, though, Liverpool won, still they managed to take another step towards hauling in Manchester United and Arsenal in the places above them. This really was a remarkable effort, perhaps one of the most significant of Rodgers’ reign. For City, questions remain. Manager Manuel Pellegrini still cannot find a way to secure the centre of the field in games such as this. Sky Sports pundits Gary Neville and Jamie Carragher described City’s lack of control in that area as ‘embarrassing’. That may be overstating it but City continue to be undone the same way in too many big games. Last season they got away with it but this time round they may not. Having said that, it took a heck of a goal to win this. Coutinho was the game’s star player. Rarely has Pablo Zabaleta on the City right had such an uncomfortable time. The goal, though, was something else. A right-foot shot from the angle of the box, it was so perfect in angle and trajectory that Joe Hart, though he had plenty of time to see it, had absolutely no chance of stopping it. It came out of nothing. The game had fallen into a fallow period with 15 minutes to go. Pellegrini had sent on an extra midfield player in an attempt to close the game down and a contest that had been open for an hour had become scratchy. Perhaps Coutinho sensed the mood. That is what the best players do. Perhaps he knew that if he didn’t take the occasion by the lapels and shake two extra points from it, nobody else would. He had been a pest earlier, too. City had started the brighter of the sides and could have taken the lead when Yaya Toure chipped a cute ball over the top for Zabaleta to volley over. Jordan Henderson continues to impress in the Liverpool midfield and he curled home the opening goal against Manchester City . Henderson's shot flies towards Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart who attempts to position himself to make the save . Hart attempts to fling his right hand across his body to stop the shot but must realise Henderson's effort will evade his grasp . Henderson is mobbed by his Liverpool team-mates and Anfield boss Brendan Rodgers after his effort beat Hart all ends up . Ten minutes in, though, Liverpool suddenly clicked and Coutinho was at the heart of it. First he played Adam Lallana through a gaping hole between Vincent Kompany and Eliaquim Mangala, only for the midfielder to shoot weakly at Hart. Then, moments later, Lallana lashed the ball into the net from an angle, only to be ruled offside. Pressure was mounting and it wasn’t long before Liverpool were ahead. Fernandinho sold Kompany short with a pass in midfield and when the Belgian could not catch Coutinho, the ball was funnelled forwards to Jordan Henderson. The England man moved the ball out of his feet and curled it past Hart with his right instep from 20 yards. It was a lovely goal and the celebrations by the Liverpool bench said everything for its importance. For a while, Liverpool were at their waspish best and, as a result, City rocked. Liverpool were not in front for long as Edin Dzeko finished off a delightful team passing move to bring parity to the Anfield clash . Dzeko celebrates his strike with his team-mates who played an instrumental part in the build up to Manchester City's equaliser . Seregio Aguero fires in a shot under pressure from Liverpool midfielder Adam Lallana as both sides looked to edge in front . Sergio Aguero did race through to strike a post but at the other end Alberto Moreno wasted one chance and Raheem Sterling — once again playing as a centre forward — ran on to a Coutinho pass to mug Toure and slide a cross-shot wide. At 1-0, Liverpool were in the ascendancy. City, though, looked dangerous when they moved forwards and after Coutinho had erred for once by presenting a clearance to Zabaleta in the 26th minute, the visitors moved through the gears, enabling Edin Dzeko to run on to Aguero’s neat through pass and beat Simon Mignolet with his right foot. For a while, this was a contest that crackled with energy and attacking threat. Coutinho was Liverpool’s go-to man throughout while, for City, David Silva was equally dangerous. The Spaniard enjoyed himself at Anfield last season and was prominent once again here. Lallana screwed a chance wide late in the first half following Lazar Markovic’s lovely chip, while Aguero and Sterling missed opportunities at the start of the second period that they perhaps should have taken. Beyond Coutinho’s goal, City did raise themselves a little. Silva slashed a chance wide after a buccaneering Toure run while Aguero did likewise. At the Kop End, meanwhile, Sturridge ran clear but could not convert. At full-time, it felt a significant result. But, to repeat, we have been here before. Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers can't hide his joy at the final whistle as Liverpool edged out City to ignite their top-four hopes . As Rodgers celebrates Liverpool's victory, City boss Manuel Pellegrini (right) looks dejected as his side's title hopes take a hit . Hart, beaten by two cracking strikes, looks dejected (left) and is consoled by his England team-mate and Liverpool midfielder Henderson . Lallana fires a shot across Hart but the in-form midfielder can't find the target from a narrow angle . Mario Balotelli and Daniel Sturridge warm up on the sidelines as they watched their side take on Manchester City . Balotelli looks less than happy as he sits among the Liverpool substitutes during his side's victory at Anfield . Yaya Toure and his brother Kolo played against each other for the first time when the latter came on for Liverpool in the second half . | Jordan Henderson curled home a Steven Gerrard-esque opener from 20 yards to put Liverpool in front . Edin Dzeko finished off a well-worked team move 15 minutes later to haul the Premier League champions level . Philippe Coutinho scored the winner for the home side in the second half to continue their fine run of league form . Manchester City remain five points behind leaders Chelsea at the top of the league as their title challenge stalled . |
Given this reference text about Delta Lambda Phi, during which years was the DLP fraternity not the fastest growing fraternity in the US? | Delta Lambda Phi (ΔΛΦ) is an international social fraternity for gay, bisexual, transgender and progressive men. It offers a social environment and structure similar to other Greek-model college fraternities. The fraternity was founded on October 15, 1986, by Vernon L. Strickland III in Washington, D.C.: becoming the first national social fraternity for gay, bisexual, and straight progressive men. The full, corporate name of the fraternity is Delta Lambda Phi Social Fraternity, but it is commonly referred to as "DLP" by its members. As of 2007, DLP was one of the fastest-growing fraternities in the United States. | Between 1986 and 2007, DLP was available, but not the fastest growing fraternity. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Stock in Lumber Liquidators crashed on Monday after floors the company installed in homes across the US were linked to the cancer-causing chemical formaldehyde. In a 60 Minutes segment that aired on Sunday, CBS reported that company-installed flooring in at least five states had high levels of formaldehyde. CBS took 31 samples from Lumber Liquidators' flooring in Virginia, Florida, Texas, Illinois and New York and had them sent to certified labs for testing. Scroll down for video . A 60 Minutes report found unsafe levels of cancer-causing agent formaldehyde in Lumber Liquidator floors . The show sent floors from Virginia, Florida, Texas, Illinois and New York to certified labs for testing . The testing revealed that 30 of the 31 samples were not up to California Air Resources Board standards . When the results came back, nearly all of the samples had levels of formaldehyde that exceeded California health and safety standards. The show used the formaldehyde standards set by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) as a measuring stick, the Wall Street Journal reported. 'Out of the 31 samples of Chinese-made laminate flooring, only one was compliant with formaldehyde emissions standards. Some were more than 13 times over the California limit,' according to CBS. The flooring comes from mills in China, according to the report. The report sent Lumber Liquidators shares tumbling. The stock had fallen 24.8 per cent before the market opened Monday and trading was eventually halted. Lumber Liquidators stock had fallen 24.8 per cent before the market opened for business on Monday . In a statement, Lumber Liquidators said 'we stand by every single plank of wood and laminate we sell all around the country'. The company questioned whether the testing method CBS used is part of CARB regulations and reiterated that its wood does live up to California standards. Lumber Liquidators said: 'Although the CARB regulations only apply in California, we adhere to these standards everywhere we do business. 'Every manufacturer of fiberboard cores used in our products is certified in accordance with CARB regulations. 'Our laminate floors are completely safe to use as intended.' The company added additional attacks on its standards are 'driven by a small group of short-selling investors who are working together for the purpose of making money by lowering our stock price'. | A 60 Minutes report found unsafe levels of the cancer-causing chemical formaldehyde in floors the company had installed in five states . Show used formaldehyde standards set by California Air Resources Board . Flooring was taken from Virginia, Florida, Texas, Illinois and New York . 30 of 31 samples had formaldehyde levels higher than California standards . Company said its floors comply with standards and are 'completely safe' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)In 2007 I had my ovaries and fallopian tubes removed to prevent my getting ovarian cancer. It was a surgery of the kind that Angelina Jolie recently underwent, as she revealed Tuesday in a New York Times op-ed. Two years ago, Jolie divulged that she'd had a prophylactic double mastectomy -- I had done this as well, in 2012. Along with the effects of the surgeries themselves, we now also share a related fallout: surgical menopause. This change can be big and, for me, happened almost immediately. There is little easing into it: the age-inappropriate night sweats, hot flashes, weight gain, mood swings. When I had my ovaries removed at age 37, I suddenly felt less vibrant and beautiful, and instead experienced the slow creep of feeling old. What will this transition mean to someone like Jolie, so identified for her attractiveness and glamour? (She may keep that part of her transformation private, but -- as with her disclosures about the surgeries -- it might do some good to discuss that, as well.) I've been talking and writing about BRCA1 since I learned more than 10 years ago that I carried this insidious, inherited genetic mutation. I've discussed how these operations have affected my relationship with my husband and our two children. But often it takes someone as public, as gorgeous, as famous as Ms. Jolie to powerfully move the conversation about cancer prevention surgeries forward. Her transparency helps normalize the experience of women considering their own options. It chips away at the stigma surrounding this treatment decision and offers women a new shorthand for explaining such a difficult choice to their families. When I underwent each of my surgeries a few friends looked at me sideways. They weren't familiar with BRCA and or how surgery could statistically reduce my chances of developing cancer. Now Ms. Jolie has changed this. Her willingness to share such intimate experiences means more people will become educated and more BRCA survivors will feel free to speak of their scars. And there are many resources for BRCA-positive women. In June, I will be speaking at the annual FORCE conference (Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered), which has partnered with another wonderful organization, the Basser Research Center for BRCA (part of the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania). Both are leading the way in the scientific research and understanding of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. They also provide resources around risk assessment, prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship, as well as links to chat rooms and local support groups. It's not often a writer finds her circumstances so closely in sync with a Hollywood star. But I like to think Ms. Jolie and I, two women who truly have nothing in common, are linked in our determination to be proactive. We have looked fear in the face and made the only decisions that made sense for our families and our selves. | Like Angelina Jolie, Allison Gilbert had two preventive cancer surgeries to remove her ovaries and fallopian tubes and later her breasts . Gilbert:Jolie's disclosure about her surgeries has brought needed attention to this surgical option for carriers of insidious BRCA1 gene . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Alan Pardew has called for more consistent punishments after Crystal Palace captain Mile Jedinak was retrospectively banned for four matches. Video footage showed the 30-year-old to have elbowed West Ham striker Diafra Sakho towards the end of the Eagles' 3-1 win at Upton Park on Saturday. Jedinak was charged with violent conduct by the Football Association - a decision which irked manager Pardew, although the Australia international accepted it. Alan Pardew isn't happy with the FA after their decision to ban Mile Jedinak for his elbow on Diafra Sakho . The midfielder missed the Eagles' late 1-0 defeat at Southampton as a result and will also sit out the upcoming Premier League matches against QPR, Stoke and Manchester City. 'Well, you kind of know as a manager that (given) the way it was sort of damned on TV that something was going to happen and that's where we are,' Pardew said. 'We haven't appealed so we will take the decision, but we want some consistency in it. The Palace captain (15) caught Sakho with his elbow during their win over West Ham at Upton Park . Although the officials didn't see the incident, the TV cameras did and Jedinak was condemned by the pundits . 'I could name three or four incidents this year where Crystal Palace should have had a player sent off against them retrospectively. 'But it wasn't highlighted by the media and therefore it went under the radar, so to speak. This one didn't.' Asked another question on the subject, Pardew retorted: 'I don't want to go any further. I've said my point on that.' Pardew's side lost 1-0 to Southampton at St Mary's following Sadio Mane's late strike . | Alan Pardew thinks the FA need to be more consistent over bans . This follow's Mile Jedinak's four-game ban for an elbow on Diafra Sakho . Crystal Palace have decided to not appeal the decision by the FA . Pardew's side were beaten 1-0 by Southampton at St Mary's Stadium . Click here for all the latest Crystal Palace news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Atlanta (CNN)A suburban Atlanta police officer is dead after an apparent ambush, while his colleague's life was spared by his radio. Fulton County Police officer Terence Green, 48, was killed Wednesday in Fairburn, Georgia. A second officer was shot in the hip, but suffered no injuries. "It was actually his radio -- the bullet went through -- the radio saved him. It penetrated the radio," said Fulton Police Chief Cassandra Jones. The incident occurred when police were searching a neighborhood after reports of gunfire from the home of Amanuel Menghesha, 42. Menghesha allegedly fired at the officers without warning, authorities said. He "appeared to have gone on a rampage," said Fulton County Assistant Chief Gary Stiles, who described it as an "ambush." Police said the officers were shot with an "assault style rifle." Menghesha was then shot by other officers. Green was shot in the head and died at a local hospital. The suspect was transported to the same hospital, but his injuries do not appear to be life threatening. Charges are pending. The suspect was known to police, and had "violent tendencies," Jones said. Police say weather and poor visibility also played a factor. There was dense fog in the area at the time of the incident. "This is a call that I pray every night, every day, 10 times a day that I never get. And when you get it, you're not ready for it, but you have to lead and you have to go on because you have to stand there and be that strength for your officers, but it's one that you just can't even imagine," Jones said in a news conference. "It's like losing a child because they're all my children." Green, a 22 year veteran of the police force, is survived by his parents, brother and four sons. CNN's Melanie Whitley contributed to this report . | A second officer was shot in the hip, but suffered no injuries . "The bullet went through -- the radio saved him," Fulton Police Chief Cassandra Jones says . |
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