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Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Devon Still shared some amazing news about his daughter Leah on Tuesday. The Cincinnati Bengals star wrote that 4-year-old Leah, who has been bravely battling stage 4 Neuroblastoma for the past year, may finally be free of the disease. 'That moment you get the best news you've ever received and don't know what to do so you just flex!!' wrote Still on his Instagram page. 'We got Leah's MIBG Scans back tonight and the doctors told us they didn't see any active disease in her body!!!' Scroll down for video . Cincinnati Bengals star Devon Still shared the heartwarming news on Tuesday that his daughter Leah (above) may be cancer free . Leah has been been battling stage 4 Neuroblastoma since last June, and captured the hearts of millions as she fights the disease . Still shared the news of his Twitter and Instagram . He went on to say; 'We still have to wait for her MRI and bone biopsy results later this week. But the doctors feel very optimistic about them because of the results from today. So for now we celebrate!!' Leah's journey has been followed by millions since she first began receiving treatment last June at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. In September she had a tumor removed from her abdomen, and last month received what could be her final round of chemotherapy. She has also stayed remarkably active, walking in the Levi's Kids fashion show during New York Fashion Week in February and appearing in a music video for the song Truly Brave, a mashup of the Sara Bareilles song Brave and the Cyndi Lauper classic True Colors that was commissioned by Today anchor Hoda Kotb to raise funds for pediatric cancer research. In addition, she and her father have written a children's book to help other kids that are going through cancer treatment. Leah and her dad have also written a book that aims to help children who are battling the disease . The Bengals kept Still on their practice squad during the preseason so he could spend time with his daughter and receive their medical insurance . Leah's MBIG scans showed no active disease in her body, though the family is still waiting on an MRI and bone biopsy results . Last November, the Bengals presented a check for $1.3million to the Children's Hospital in Cincinnati for pediatric cancer treatment and research, money raised from the sale of Still jerseys. The team also honored Leah during a ceremony as well, and for the first time ever the young girl was actually able to attend a game since she had begun her treatment - and see her father play. The Bengals also helped Still and his daughter by excusing him from offseason activities so he could spend time with her in Philadelphia. And they kept him on the practice squad to start the season even though he was hurt so that he'd keep his medical coverage. | Cincinnati Bengals star Devon Still shared the heartwarming news on Tuesday that his daughter Leah may be cancer-free . Leah has been been battling stage 4 Neuroblastoma since last June, and captured the hearts of millions as she fights the disease . Her MBIG scans showed no active disease in her body, though the family is still waiting on an MRI and bone biopsy results . The Bengals kept Still on their practice squad during the preseason so he could spend time with his daughter and receive their medical insurance . They also donated all profit from the sale of his jerseys to the Children's Hospital in Cincinnati, raising $1.3million . Leah and her dad have also written a book that aims to help children who are battling the disease . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | There is so much resting on Wednesday’s return leg between Barcelona and Manchester City. The vast torrent of money which flows into a club’s financial reservoirs for progression. The job security of both Manuel Pellegrini and Luis Enrique. The fascinating battle of pride and self-respect between Spanish and English football. Might it become part of all of England’s representatives exiting the Champions League before the quarter-finals? Xavi (left) and Frank Lampard have been two legends of Champions League football over the past decade . Lampard could be playing his final Champions League game if he faces Barcelona on Wednesday . Lampard has been on the fringes of the Manchester City team since extending his loan spell . The culture clash is slighter than usual given that City are self-acknowledged pretenders to the Barcelona crown. Development, passing style, player selection, executive stewardship — they want to squeeze the best out of what Rinus Michels, Johan Cruyff and then Pep Guardiola instilled in the Catalan club, but with added Anglo-Saxon steel, organisation, petro-dollar resources and hungry, aspirational fans. However, the Champions League is a wider tasting plate than that. This is where ‘the greats’ measure themselves. And, sadly, two of the all-time European greats, Xavi and Frank Lampard, face the prospect of arriving at the Nou Camp at about 7.30pm Spanish time, not being listed in the starting XIs... then one of them leaving in the knowledge that that was their last ever night in the competition. What a sore thought. Xavi is a club legend at Barcelona, but has also become increasingly a fringe player this season . When he has played, Xavi is still providing assists, and is a vital part of the set-up off the pitch too . Xavi, who Barcelona’s managing director was trying to sell when I arrived in this city in 2002, is the leading all-time appearance maker in the Champions League. Thirty-eight matches ahead of the next active outfield player — Cristiano Ronaldo. Even if CR7 inspired Madrid to retain their trophy this season, then won the next two Champions Leagues consecutively, he’d still be seven matches short of tying the Catalan. The 35-year-old has three winner’s medals, two more than Lampard, who is a year-and-a-half older. But in reality, Xavi has played precisely an hour less in Champions League Finals. A horrible knee injury in 2006 meant he never stepped off the bench against Arsenal when Barca came back from a 1-0 deficit and won 2-1 thanks to Samuel Eto’o and Juliano Belletti. In his other two triumphs, 2009 and 2011, he gave fabulous goal assists for Lionel Messi’s header in Rome and Pedro’s opener against Edwin van der Sar at Wembley. Lampard was a different case. He confessed to me that after so many semi-final disappointments, following the horror of losing in Moscow (where he scored), it felt a little as if Chelsea were cursed. Precisely the opposite of how he felt the last time he was in this stadium. Lampard is due to join MLS club New York City at the end of the season, while Xavi rejected the same move . The Chelsea legend has been a Champions League mainstay for over a decade, but could bow out this week . Few pick it out now but not only was his performance for Chelsea in the 2012 semi-final precisely what City require tonight from someone, his return pass to Ramires to make it 2-1 was exquisite. Javier Mascherano’s thumping challenge sets Lampard back a pace but holds it off and holds the ball. Off-balance and facing the wrong way, he slots a delicious right-footed, slide-rule through Xavi, Carles Puyol and Sergio Busquets for Ramires to stride on to and lob Victor Valdés. One of the great assists. He had already done something similar in the first leg, robbing Messi of the ball with precisely the kind of sharp, anticipatory pressing which City have lacked across three consecutive defeats to Barca. Then a fabulous reverse-pass for Ramires to set up Didier Drogba’s close-range winner. I had the great fortune to interview Lampard in the dressing room of the Allianz Arena in Munich about an hour after Chelsea beat Bayern in that dramatic 120-minute final. Penalties. He scored his, of course. Third taker in Moscow, third taker in Munich. Back of the net. Frank Lampard celebrates with the Champions League after the 2012 victory over Bayern Munich . He was cradling the cup with the big ears and told me: ‘We’ve been a group since the troubled times, since we beat Barcelona.’ The Nou Camp was his turning point. The catalyst to him finally winning this tournament. Right now he feels stagnant, frustrated. Why stay at City, rather than begin the season properly with New York City if Pellegrini isn’t going to play him regularly? It was City’s initiative, not Lampard’s, to stay on beyond the initial few months which were agreed. Xavi would understand. His appearances since deciding to turn down moves to New York City, who admit they still want him to join David Villa and Lampard, or to Qatar, have been limited. When picked, he’s performed — goal assists in his last couple of matches. When not picked, he’s been a voice for calm and reason at times when Luis Enrique’s first term threatened to degenerate into chaos. Xavi, as captain, played a huge role in calming stormy waters between Luis Enrique and Messi in early January when the former dropped the latter for the defeat at Real Sociedad and the Argentine then, coincidentally, didn’t come in to train the following day. All of which followed a stand-up row between the genius and the iron-fist coach in training. Xavi brokered peace. Xavi holds the record for most games played in the Champions League, 38 games ahead of his nearest rival . If Cristiano Ronaldo won the Champions League this season and the two that follow, he'd still be behind Xavi . I’ve spoken to both Lampard and Xavi about the other. The Catalan will admit that tracking his English opponent has been a nightmare. Perpetual motion, perpetual determination to haul his team forward, make them competitive. Lampard once told me that England’s 2009 defeat to Spain in Seville, featuring him, Xavi and Andres Iniesta, was the first real experience in his career where one midfield simply couldn’t get the ball off the other. It was both galling and educational to him. It’s feasible that next season the two are in midfield together for New York. It very nearly happened in 2004 when Lampard’s agent represented Patrick Vieira. Called to meet Txiki Begiristain at the Nou Camp, it became clear that the Frenchman signing wasn’t feasible but Begiristain demanded to know how he could bring Lampard instead. Ten years later, for City, Begiristain joined the dots. But when Xavi was asked to name his best ‘England’ XI, it contained Lampard — in a 3-5-2 of Forster: Ferdinand, Campbell, Terry; Giggs, Scholes, Gascoigne, Lampard, Gerrard; Walcott, Rooney . His rationale was: ‘He’s one of the very few midfielders who scores a striker’s number of goals — which is a mark of greatness — and he’s technically excellent.’ And Xavi told the Guardian’s Sid Lowe about England’s style that it had been ‘...no football. Carragher, boom, up top; Terry, boom, up top. I think it’s changing: Lampard, Gerrard… they are players who treat the ball [well]. You see them now and you think, dammit, they are trying to play!’ So, however it goes on Wednesday, here’s a plea to the coaches: Let them play. | One of these two could play their final Champions League game this week . Both Xavi and Frank Lampard have been fringe players this season . Both still have plenty to offer, but Lampard is moving to New York City . Xavi still brings assists, but is used increasingly infrequently . |
Jot down some points about University of Liverpool from given text | The University of Liverpool (abbreviated UOL) is a public research university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded as a college in 1881, it gained its Royal Charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees, and is also known to be one of the six 'red brick' civic universities, the first to be referred to as The Original Red Brick. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools. It is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the university management school is triple crown accredited. | 1. The institution of Liverpool is a public research institution with its main campus in Liverpool, England (abbreviated UOL).
2. The Original Red Brick was the first of the six civic universities known as "red bricks," and it was established in 1881 as a college before receiving its Royal Charter in 1903, enabling it to grant degrees.
3. It has 35 departments and schools divided into three faculties.
4. The university management school has earned the triple crown of accreditation, and it is a founding member of the Russell Group and the N8 Group for research collaboration. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Two-time Masters champion Bubba Watson believes he can freewheel at Augusta this year because all the pressure will be heaped on Rory McIlroy as he goes for the career grand slam. Watson failed miserably the last time he was in the limelight as defending champion, only just making the halfway cut at Augusta in 2013. But the big-hitting American is convinced he can live up to his status as one of the favourites this time because all the attention next month will be focussed on the Northern Irishman. Reigning Masters champions prepares for Augusta by playing at the WGC Cadillac Championships in Doral . Watson insists that Rory McIlroy will be under more pressure than himself at the Masters . The world No 1 only needs an Masters crown to complete a full set of grand slams . ‘There’s no pressure on me because I have two green jackets already, but it will be different for Rory,’ he said. ‘To be going for the career grand slam and at such a young age as well, if that was me in his shoes I would consider myself under a lot of pressure because who would not want to complete that? I think the key for Rory will be to try to look at it from an achievement standpoint rather than a pressure situation – that he’s there because of the amazing feat of winning three of the four majors at aged 25. 'He can also think to himself that if it doesn’t work out this year, then at least he is going to have plenty more tries in years to come.’ Like McIlroy, Watson will complete his pre-Masters tournament preparations at the Arnold Palmer Invitational, which begins at Bay Hill in Orlando on Thursday. And the gifted leftie was full of praise for the world number one, predicting he will break many golfing records in years to come. The American hits a shot out from the crowd on his way to victory last time round . Watson is bidding for back to back titles and a third crown at Augusta after wining last year (above) Jack Nicklaus 6 . Arnold Palmer 4 . Tiger Woods 4 . Jimmy Demaret 3 . Sam Snead 3 . Gary Player 3 . Nick Faldo 3 . Phil Mickelson 3 . Bubba Watson 2 . (plus eight others on two) ‘What was I doing at 25? Just trying to keep hold of my PGA Tour card,’ he said. ‘And yet here’s Rory with all these tournaments he’s won already. With the talent he has, there are plenty of records he could beat as he gets older.’ Watson, of course, is not exactly short of talent himself. Twelve months on, people still talk about the pivotal drive he hit at the par five 13th during the final round at Augusta last year, that cleared the corner to set up victory – a carry of a mere 360 yards. ‘I did push it a bit,’ admitted the gifted leftie. ‘Lucky for me I hit it well and so it carried all the trouble, and I had just a sand wedge for my second shot and made birdie.’ Golf legend Jack Nicklaus holds the record with six Masters wins, the last coming in 1986 (above) He admits a touch of sadness that his second stint as Masters champ is coming to a close. ‘Anytime you can look forward to Augusta and you’re selecting the menu at the champions dinner as the defending champion, that’s a special time in the game of golf,’ he said. ‘My juices will be flowing, that’s for sure. I’m 36 now and sometimes feel old when you look at some of players on tour. But I’ll feel like a kid again when I get to Augusta. I always do.’ | Bubba Watson will be bidding for back-to-back titles at Augusta . Defending Masters champion claims Rory McIlroy is under more pressure . World No 1 needs victory to complete full set of grand slam crowns . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | He may be without a club at present but that hasn't stopped Ravel Morrison linking up with whom many refer to as the best player on the planet. Morrison, who had his contract terminated at West Ham last month, bumped into Barcelona superstar and 'maestro' Lionel Messi while out and about on Monday afternoon. The chance occasion was clearly one the 22-year-old didn't want to miss out on as a photo was taken with the four-time Ballon d'Or winner before being uploaded to Instagram. Ravel Morrison (left) uploaded an Instagram photo after posing with Lionel Messi (centre) on Monday . Lionel Messi (left) was in London on Sunday night enjoying a double date with Cesc Fabregas . Messi flew over from Spain with girlfriend Antonella Roccuzzo (left) to see Fabregas and Daniella Semaan . Teams played for: West Ham, Cardiff (loan), QPR (loan), Birmingham (loan), Manchester United . Appearances: 81 . Goals: 14 . Honours: FA Youth Cup (2011) Accompanied with the caption: 'Out and about with the maestro and reece @leomessi,' the duo are all smiles as they pose for a picture. While Messi, who was in London on Sunday night with girlfriend Antonella Roccuzzo and former Barcelona team-mate Cesc Fabregas and his partner Daniella Semaan, is continuing to break records this season Morrison is just a mere spectator. The 22-year-old, who has signed a pre-contract agreement with Lazio, is a free agent. Ravel Morison has had his contract terminated at West Ham ahead of his summer move to Serie A side Lazio . However, the midfielder cannot represent another club this season as he has played in two countries - England and Wales - this term and FIFA don't allow a third. Morrison only made two appearances under Hammers boss Sam Allardyce this season; with his last outing coming in a 3-1 home defeat to Southampton back on August 31. A series of disciplinary problems had hampered his progress at Upton Park and he was loaned to Birmingham, Queens Park Rangers and Cardiff City - with his three-month deal at the latter cut short earlier in December. However, the England Under 21 international will now look to resume his career in Italy next season. Like our Barcelona Facebook page. Morrison (centre right) has not played for West Ham since their 3-1 defeat vs Southampton on August 31 . | Ravel Morrison bumped into Barcelona superstar Lionel Messi on Monday . Messi was in London on Sunday evening enjoying a double date with Cesc Fabregas and their girlfriends Antonella Roccuzzo and Daniella Semaan . Morrison is a free agent after his West Ham contract was terminated . |
What is the standard Gibbs free energy | The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
The table below lists the standard Gibbs function of formation for several elements and chemical compounds and is taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. Note that all values are in kJ/mol. Far more extensive tables can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the NIST JANAF tables. The NIST Chemistry WebBook (see link below) is an online resource that contains standard enthalpy of formation for various compounds along with the standard absolute entropy for these compounds from which the standard Gibbs free energy of formation can be calculated. | The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Gf°) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C). |
What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran? | The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty.[ | Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs, or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. They captured the provinces of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara from the Kushans in 225 CE. The Sasanians established governors for the Sasanian Empire, who minted their own coinage and took the title of Kushanshas, i.e. "Kings of the Kushans". They are sometimes considered as forming a "sub-kingdom" inside the Sassanid Empire. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It was staggering that Louis van Gaal did not turn to Radamel Falcao as Manchester United were trailing 2-1 against Arsenal in the FA Cup quarter-final. The poor lad must be thinking: What am I doing here? I know he is not the player United thought they were getting, but isn’t it down to the manager to get the best out of him? Radamel Falcao (second right) was an unused substitute during Manchester United's defeat to Arsenal . Michael Carrick (right) was brought on at half-time but Colombia forward Falcao was left unused . Goalscorers change games but instead they chased the match with Daley Blind and Michael Carrick, two sitting midfielders, on the pitch. Surely it would have been better to show greater intent by throwing on Falcao? United never threatened Arsenal once Danny Welbeck put them ahead and it is Arsene Wenger's side who have progressed to the semi-final at Wembley. | Radamel Falcao did not leave the bench as Arsenal beat Manchester United . Louis van Gaal brought on Michael Carrick, Phil Jones and Adnan Januzaj . Danny Welbeck, a former United striker, scored Arsenal's winning goal . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Simona Halep secured the biggest title of her career as she battled back from the brink to beat Jelena Jankovic to the BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells. The Romanian looked down and out on more than one occasion as she struggled with a foot problem and Jankovic gave her an almighty let-off when she passed up the chance to serve for a second Indian Wells title. But in the end the battling qualities of Halep, coupled with the instability of Jankovic who virtually went to pieces as the match went on, got the third seed over the line 2-6, 7-5, 6-4. 'I want to congratulate Jelena you were amazing,' a gracious Halep said afterwards. 'At my age you won this tournament so well done for a great week, a great job and an amazing final. Simona Halep clinched the BNP Paribas Open title with a win over Jelena Jankovic in the final . 'I am really happy I could win today. This tournament has been amazing, I thank all the Romanian people who come to support me everywhere. You make me want to fight until the end. 'I am really excited to win this, my biggest title, I will never forget it.' It had not looked like being a celebration for Halep early on as Serbian Jankovic dominated. She secured the first advantage, taking the last of five break points to come her way in the opening game when Halep slapped a forehand long, but she was immediately broken back. Serve held for two games after that, but Jankovic moved out in front again, turning a 30-0 deficit into a second break for 3-2. That would be the last of Halep in the set, as Jankovic served out two games and took another against the serve courtesy of a wild Halep forehand to take the set 6-2. The Romanian came from behind to win 2-6, 7-5, 6-4 in the Californian desert on Sunday . Halep paid tribute to her opponent Jankovic after winning the title in Indian Wells . Halep called for the trainer and appeared to have work done to her left foot during the rest, but looked fine as she returned to the court and took the first game of the second, ending a five-game streak against her. There was no question that she was in trouble, though, her discomfort obvious and the game her first since Wednesday owing to the fact her semi-final with Serena Williams was cancelled when the American pulled out injured. But despite being broken early in the set, she hit back by taking Jankovic's serve to love. She had little to do as Jankovic imploded, sending a two-hander long and then hitting a short backhand into the net. Halep drops her racket to celebrate after clinching the match and the title at Indian Wells . It appeared to be a momentary blip for Jankovic who broke straight back but three double faults when serving to go within a game of the title cost her and Halep nailed a backhand winner to level at 4-4. But the see-saw nature of the match ensured she took the next, again securing a break as she took the second of two points, planting an overhead winner to break down Halep. She had to call coach Chip Brooks to the chair in the break to calm her down, the pair having an emotional exchange, and tensions were higher at the end of the next game as she was broken again - a fifth game in a row - when she slapped a backhand into the net. Halep was buzzing now and took the next game, a rare hold of serve, and then broke Jankovic - now the player looking pained - to take it to a decider. Halep lost the first set 6-2 but was able to battle back and win in three in California . Jankovic threw all she had at the Romanian but came up agonisingly short in a long final . Jankovic got the first break of it, a huge slice of fortune falling her way as a backhand clipped the net and dropped over, leaping Halep stranded and a break down. It was soon 2-2, though, Jankovic raging as the chair umpire mistakenly called game on her serve only to rewind and call second serve, on which Halep took a break. There was no surprise at all that Jankovic responded by winning on Halep's serve, and even fewer raised eyebrows as another break followed, before Halep held it together on her own delivery to go 4-3 ahead. She then broke for what felt the countless time to go 5-3 up and on the brink of victory but in keeping with the match she coughed up her serve with a wild backhand before taking the title, fittingly, with a break as she came in short on a forehand and made no mistake. | Simona Halep beats Jelena Jankovic 2-6, 7-5, 6-4 in Indian Wells final . BNP Paribas Open was the biggest win of the world No 3's career . Halep battled back from a set down to win in three in California . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The lead guitarist of Black Sabbath has tried to appeal to the Indonesian president's love of heavy metal to spare the lives of Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran. Tony Iommi wrote a letter to President Joko Widodo to ask for clemency for the Australian pair. This comes as Foreign Minister Julie Bishop used parliament to directly plead with the Indonesian president. However the Indonesian ambassador has defended his government in a letter responding to a Senate attempt to save the Bali Nine duo. The lead guitarist of Black Sabbath has tried to appeal to the Indonesian president's love of heavy metal to spare the lives of Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran . Tony Iommi (left) wrote a letter to President Joko Widodo (right) to ask for clemency for the Australian pair . Andrew Chan (left) and Myuran Sukumaran (right) were transferred to Nusakambangan island on Wednesday to await their execution . 'I appeal to you, as a forgiving man, to take note of their transformation,' Tony Iommi wrote in a letter to President Joko Widodo about the two Australian drug smugglers on death row. 'They are now reformed men who are making a positive difference to the lives of their fellow prisoners. 'For this reason, I would ask that you stop the execution of Andrew and Myuran. 'Please allow them to serve out life sentences where they contribute to the well-being of Indonesia and make good for the error of their previous ways.' On Wednesday, Ms Bishop told parliament that Indonesian authorities were preparing for the execution of Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran. 'On behalf of the parliament, I respectfully ask of the Indonesian president that he spare the lives of these two Australian citizens,' Ms Bishop said. She said she had spoken with the two families on Wednesday morning. 'As you can imagine they are devastated but they are just living day by day,' she said. A plea for clemency was rejected in January but since then the government has been seeking a permanent stay of execution. Indonesia's ambassador Nadjib Riphat Kesoema has written to federal parliament defending his government's decision not to save two Australian drug smugglers on death row . Ms Bishop said there were grounds for clemency and the government believed there were still legal avenues open to the pair. 'The grounds are that both men have shown immense remorse for their grave crimes and... have undergone an extraordinary rehabilitation'. Labor foreign affairs spokeswoman Tanya Plibersek supported the minister's remarks. 'We are united in opposing the death penalty in this case as we are in every case,' she said. 'We would plead with the Indonesian government and the people of Indonesia ... for the lives of two young men who have made enormous transformations in their lives and who are making enormous transformations in the lives of other people as well.' In the Senate, Attorney-General George Brandis said the government had made at least 22 representations to Indonesian officials since January in a bid to save the two men. That included letters and phone calls from Prime Minister Tony Abbott, Ms Bishop and the Australian Federal Police. ASIO chief Duncan Lewis and Attorney-General Department secretary Chris Moraitis had also been sent to Indonesia to plead for the pair. Foreign Minister Julie Bishop has used parliament to directly plead with the Indonesian president to spare the lives of two Australian drug smugglers . Indonesia's ambassador Nadjib Riphat Kesoema has written to federal parliament defending his government's decision not to save two Australian drug smugglers on death row. The Senate last month urged the Indonesian government to spare the lives of Bali Nine duo Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, who are expected to face the firing squad in the next few days. In response, Mr Kesoema said the decision not to pardon the pair was very difficult for President Joko Widodo on both a personal and humanitarian level. However, the drug problem had 'blossomed into a national emergency' and required strong law enforcement. 'Most tragically, drugs and their traffickers and producers have denied too many people including children of their right to life,' he wrote. Mr Kesoema said both cases had been granted due process of law and all legal avenues had been pursued. He defended the court's decision to impose the death penalty and said separation of powers meant the government could not meddle in judicial processes. The upper house had argued the sentences should be commuted to a prison term due to the pair's genuine remorse and rehabilitation. Chan and Sukumaran were transferred to Nusakambangan island on Wednesday to await their execution. | Black Sabbath lead guitarist Tony Iommi has written a letter to the Indonesian president . He is asking for clemency for Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran . Foreign Minister Julie Bishop used parliament to directly plead with the Indonesian president . The Indonesian ambassador has defended his government's decision . Chan and Sukumaran were transferred to Nusakambangan island on Wednesday . |
Given this paragraph about Twitter, how can programmers connect to Twitter when building custom applications? | Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post or reply to texts, images and videos known as "tweets". Registered users can tweet, like, "retweet" tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs. | Programmers can connect to Twitter when building custom applications by using Twitter APIs. |
Please give me a summary of what AES-GCM is and what are its inputs and outputs. | In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achieved with inexpensive hardware resources.
The GCM algorithm provides both data authenticity (integrity) and confidentiality and belongs to the class of authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) methods. This means that as input it takes a key K, some plaintext P, and some associated data AD; it then encrypts the plaintext using the key to produce ciphertext C, and computes an authentication tag T from the ciphertext and the associated data (which remains unencrypted). A recipient with knowledge of K, upon reception of AD, C and T, can decrypt the ciphertext to recover the plaintext P and can check the tag T to ensure that neither ciphertext nor associated data were tampered with. | AES-GCM is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptography. It stands for Galois/Counter Mode and is an authenticated block cipher that provides integrity and authenticity on top of confidentiality. It accepts as input a key K, a plaintest P and associated data AD, and it produces as output the ciphertext C and an authentication tag T. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Sami Khedira 'would not help any team' according to Germany legend Franz Beckenbauer, because injuries have ruined his physical attributes. Khedira's contract at Real Madrid expires this summer, and the likes of Arsenal and Liverpool have been linked with the World Cup winner. But Beckenbauer was scathing about the German's value, after a season in which he has been dogged by injuries and started just four league games for Real Madrid. Sami Khedira returned to Champions League action last week, but has not been a Real Madrid regular . Khedira has had injury problems since winning the World Cup with Germany last summer in Brazil . 'In his current physical shape Khedira would not help any team forward,' Beckenbauer told Sky. 'He is missing something in each aspect of the game at the moment. 'His ability to keep on running in midfield was key to his game. He does not add much without that...' The German midfielder has come under fire from Franz Beckenbauer over his lack of fitness . Khedira lines up alongside his international team-mate Toni Kroos for a rare start against Schalke . | German World Cup winner has played just a handful of games this season . Sami Khedira has been injured for much of the season at Real Madrid . Khedira is out of contract this summer, Arsenal and Liverpool interested . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Northern Ireland midfielder Steven Davis admitted he could not have envisaged the ongoing strife Rangers would suffer as he prepared to return to Glasgow almost three years after leaving Ibrox. Davis was sold by Rangers to Southampton in July 2012, just after they were relaunched in the Scottish Third Division following the club's liquidation crisis. He returns to Glasgow for Northern Ireland's friendly against Scotland with his former club having come through more off-field drama and struggling to complete their journey back to the top flight of Scottish football. Northern Ireland captain Steven Davis returns to Glasgow to play Scotland in a friendly on Wednesday . Davis trains ahead of Northern Ireland's clash with Scotland at Hampden Park . Rangers' win at Hibernian on Sunday was only their second in 10 games and it inadvertently clinched the Scottish Championship title for Hearts as they battle to go up through the play-offs. Davis has watched the drama unfold from Southampton and hopes the rise to power of Dave King and his allies, along with the arrival of Stuart McCall as manager, will get the club back on course. 'I think it's positive for the club,' the 30-year-old said. 'For any fan it's nice to see with people who obviously have the interest of the club at heart. 'Obviously we knew it was going to be a difficult period but I don't think anyone foresaw how hard it was going to be. Davis returns to Glasgow almost three years after leaving Rangers for Southampton . Midfielder Davis in action for Southampton against Burnley on Saturday . 'I think Stuart McCall is going to be a really good appointment as well, it was nice to see them get that first win on Sunday. Hopefully they can build on that now and finish the season strongly.' When asked whether he would consider a return to Ibrox one day, Davis said: 'In football you never know. I spent four and a half really good years there and I loved my time there. 'If the opportunity arose it would be something I would definitely have to consider. It was a great time.' Davis and his team-mates face Scotland on Wednesday in preparation for their European Championship qualifier against Finland in Belfast on Sunday. David has backed the appointment of new Rangers manager Stuart McCall . He added: 'I am delighted to be back. I have not really had the chance to come back up for a game of any magnitude so it's nice to be back up and get the chance to catch up with some familiar faces and get another chance to play at Hampden. 'I was lucky enough to play there quite a few times and had some success there so I'm looking forward to going back. 'It's a good friendly for both ourselves and Scotland. I expect the game to have a bit of an edge because both sets of players are used to playing against each other at various stages of their careers. 'The mentality of both sets of players is always to give 100 per cent and I think it's good preparation for the Finland game.' | Steven Davis left Rangers in 2012 after the club went into liquidation . Northern Ireland international returns to Glasgow to play Scotland . Southampton midfielder backed the appointment of Stuart McCall . Davis admitted he would consider a return to Rangers in the future . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Castleford fullback Luke Dorn expects to be out of action for just one week despite suffering a horrible facial injury in action. The Aussie hardman suffered the stomach-turning injury in the 55th minute of Friday night's 30-16 win against Salford. Fortunately the former London Broncos player was using a mouth guard that ensured he kept all his teeth during the clash. Luke Dorn suffered this stomach turning injury in the 55th minute of Friday night's 30-16 win against Salford . Fortunately for Dorn he was wearing a mouth guard so left the collision with all his teeth still intact . Dorn told The Sun: 'Hopefully I'll miss one game. The docs said it was one of the most complex jobs they had seen.' However, coach Daryl Powell doesn't hold the same confidence, he admitted: 'Luke doesn't look good from what the medical guys tell me.' Dorn later took to Twitter to play down the severity of the injury to well-wishing fans, describing the injury as 'nothing some lip balm won't fix.' Luke Dorn of is tackled by Liam Sutcliffe and Kevin Sinfield during the Tetley's Challenge Cup Final . | Luke Dorn expects to be out of action for just once week despite facial cut . Aussie hardman suffered the injury during the game against Salford . Doctors said it was one of the most complex jobs they had ever seen . Fullback Dorn described the injury as 'nothing a little lip balm won't fix' |
List the name of the areas surrounding Greece and group by directions from the passage. List the results in comma separated format. | Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras.
Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilization, being the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, theatre and the Olympic Games. From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as poleis (singular polis), which spanned the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Philip II of Macedon united most of present-day Greece in the fourth century BC, with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world, from the eastern Mediterranean to the North Western parts of India. The subsequent Hellenistic period saw the height of Greek culture and influence in antiquity. Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century BC, becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its continuation, the Byzantine Empire, which was culturally and linguistically predominantly Greek. The Greek Orthodox Church, which emerged in the first century AD, helped shape modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox world. After falling under Ottoman rule in the mid-15th century, Greece emerged as a modern nation state in 1830 following a war of independence. Over the first hundred years the kingdom of Greece sought its territorial expansion, which was mainly achieved in the early 20th century, during the Balkan Wars and up until the catastrophe of Greece's Asia Minor Campaign in 1922. The short-lived republic that followed, beset by the ramifications of civil strife, came to an end in 1936, when the imposition of a royalist dictatorship inaugurated a long period of authoritarian rule, marked by military occupation during World War II, civil war and military dictatorship. Greece achieved record economic growth from 1950 through the 1970s, allowing it to join the ranks of developed nations. Democracy was restored in 1974–75, and Greece has been a parliamentary republic ever since. The country's rich historical legacy is reflected in part by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. | Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, Turkey to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. |
What is table tennis and why is it popular | Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a racket sport derived from tennis but distinguished by its playing surface being atop a stationary table, rather than the court on which players stand. Either individually or in teams of two, players take alternating turns returning a light, hollow ball over the table's net onto the opposing half of the court using small rackets until they fail to do so, which results in a point for the opponent. Play is fast, requiring quick reaction and constant attention, and is characterized by an emphasis on spin relative to other ball sports, which can heavily affect the ball's trajectory.
Owed to its small minimum playing area, its ability to be played indoors in all climates, and relative accessibility of equipment, table tennis is enjoyed worldwide not just as a competitive sport, but as a common recreational pastime among players of all levels and ages. | Table tennis is a sport that plays a ball on a table with rackets. Its rule has evolved over the years, like the material of the racket and balls, size of the balls. Like tennis, it can also play simple or double games. It is popular because it doesn't require a big area, and normally people can play it even at an older age. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Brendan Rodgers believes Liverpool will need another 23 points to reach the Champions League as he insisted sentiment will have no bearing on when he recalls Steven Gerrard. Liverpool’s influential captain is fit again after recovering from a hamstring problem he sustained on February 10 but there is no guarantee that Rodgers will put him straight back into the starting line-up, as would have been the case during the majority of his career at Anfield. During Gerrard’s absence, Liverpool won three consecutive Barclays Premier League games against Southampton, Manchester City and Burnley but Rodgers feels that sequence is going to have to continue in what will be a pivotal week for the club, with tonight’s trip to Swansea followed by next Sunday’s showdown with Manchester United. Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers (right) says his team will need 23 points out of their last 30 available . Rodgers shares a laugh with Ivory Coast defender Kolo Toure (left) during the session . Martin Skrtel works on his fitness and conditioning with Liverpool coach Ryland Morgans (left) Liverpool pair Lazar Markovic (left) and Dejan Lovren strike a pose during the training esssion . Gerrard wants to help Liverpool finish in the top four and win the FA Cup before he joins LA Galaxy and while Rodgers is adamant the 34-year-old will have a say on how the campaign maps out, he won’t pick him on reputation alone. ‘We have 30 points to play for, so I am guessing it will be another 23 points,’ said Rodgers. ‘That is how competitive it has been this year. 'We have won nine out of 11 in January and February, it has been a great run but now we have to be focused on these last 10 matches. Everything counts. 'We have to be aggressive in our game and now we have to nail it in the last 10. I know the players are focused on that. ‘Everyone is waiting to see if Stevie comes into the team or not, but it was the same with Daniel. Does he or does he not? What you have seen over my time here is that I rely on the team. 'The team, of course, has to have good players in it, but ultimately it is about the team and what is going to benefit and how we can get results as a team. 'I will repeat again the most important thing is Steven is back fit and we have Lucas Leiva coming back too. ‘That will add to the competition for places and with one game a week, barring the Cup game, then everyone is going to be fighting and being competitive about playing. ‘The beauty of this season is that everyone has had an opportunity in the first three or four months of the season and then we have found a way to win. It is something everyone has to respect. It is about the team and the spirit of the team and I will always pick the best team I feel to win a game.’ Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard is back in contention for the trip to Swansea after an injury layoff . Slovakian central defender Skrtel jumps to power a header in during the session at Melwood . Vice captain Jordan Henderson in action alongside Skrtel (right) during a training drill . Captain Gerrard trains ahead of team-mates Joe Allen (left) and right back Glen Johnson (centre) Rodgers added: ‘He still has big qualities that we will need between now and the end of the season (but) I don’t pick a team on whether I like someone or not. What I do know is that Stevie always puts the team first.’ Raheem Sterling’s future, meanwhile, continues to create background noise but Rodgers maintains the decision to put contract talks on hold until the end of the campaign has nothing to do with finance. ‘I still think he has a lot of development to go and this is the best place for him,’ said Rodgers. ‘It is pretty obvious that this is a great place for him to be and he has said that himself.’ Liverpool midfielder Adam Lallana (left) vies for possession with left back Jose Enrique . Liverpool striker Rickie Lambert strikes one on the volley with his left foot during training . Reds Belgian goalkeeper Simon Mignolet gets down low to his right to stop the ball with his hand . Liverpool left back Alberto Moreno all smiles during Saturday's session at Melwood . VIDEO Every game counts for Rodgers . | Brendan Rodgers believes his side can still make top four . Rodgers insists he will recall Steven Gerrard when the time is right . Gerrard is fit again after injury, but Liverpool have been in good form without their captain . Liverpool ravel to Liberty Stadium to face Swansea on Monday . |
Given the reference text about the Amazon Rainforest, where is it located, including all countries it spreads across, how large is it, and how many people reside within it? | The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square km (2,700,000 square miles), of which 5,500,000 square km (2,100,000 square miles) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.
The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.
More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population, and 60 of the groups remain largely isolated. | Located in South America, the Amazon rainforest spreads across Brazil, Peru. Columbia, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. The rainforest covers 5,500,000 square km (2,100,000 square miles) where more than 30 million people reside. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The widow of one of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects is under investigation for allegedly assisting in buying the pressure cookers that were used to create the explosives used in the terror attack, it has emerged. Katherine Russell, 25, the widow of bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev, is suspected of accompanying her late husband to a Macy's store in Boston two months before the April 2013 attack, where Tsarnaev purchased five pressure cookers, according to ABC News, citing law enforcement sources. Tsarnaev and his brother, Dzhokhar, then planted two of the pressure cookers at the Boston Marathon, killing three and injuring 260, police say. The FBI and the US Attorneys office have not commented on an investigation involving Russell, who now lives in New Jersey with her and Tsarnaev's three-year-old daughter, Zahara. Under investigation: Katherine Russell, 25, the widow of bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev - pictured here in New Jersey in October 2014 - is suspected of accompanying her late husband to a Macy's store in Boston two months before the April 2013 attack, where Tsarnaev purchased five pressure cookers . Former life: Tamerlan Tsarnaev (right-pictured left in 2010) married Katherine Russell (pictured in her yearbook) in 2010. Russell grew up in a Christian home and later converted to Islam . However ABC has reported that a search of Tsarnaev’s home after the bombings was focused on finding clothing consistent with what was shown on a security video from the Macy's store where the cookers were bought. Russell could face charges of misprision of a felony, or failing to notify authorities of a crime about to happen. Tamerlan Tsarnaev also bought $200 worth of fireworks from a store in New Hampshire, including 48 mortar shells, some of which were used in the bombs. He was killed in a police shootout three days after the attack. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, his brother and Russell's brother-in-law, is currently awaiting federal trial for the unthinkable attack. The two-month process to select a jury for the trial was completed Tuesday, authorities said, a day before opening statements in the long-awaited case are to begin. On trial: Opening statements in the long-awaited trial of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev are to begin Wednesday . Unthinkable: Tsarnaev, 21, faces the death penalty if convicted of the April 15, 2013 bombings near the finish line at the Boston Marathon which left three people dead and 264 injured in the northeastern US city . Following the bombings, an attorney for Russell released a statement saying she was cooperating with the investigation. 'As a mother, a sister, a daughter, a wife, Katie deeply mourns the pain and loss to innocent victims, students, law enforcement officers, families and our community,' the attorney, Miriam Weizenbaum, said in the statement. Last year it was reported that Russell had remarried. In October Russell was pictured out in North Bergen, where she and three-year-old daughter, Zahara, are said to be living with her husband's sisters. Zahara was just a baby when her father caused unthinkable tragedy on April 15, 2013. As the images show, Russell, 25, continues to wear a hijab, proving that she is still living a strict Muslim life despite rumors that her family had been pushing her to embrace Christianity after the attacks. Russell grew up Christian in the North Kingston, Rhode Island, home of a suburban doctor. Possible suspect: Katherine Russell could face charges of misprision of a felony, or failing to notify authorities of a crime about to happen . Out and about: Russell, from Rhose Island, converted to Islam after meeting Tsarnaev in a nightclub. She is seen here in North Bergen, New Jersey, in October . At home: She reportedly now lives with her husband's two sisters at the home in North Bergen . Russell grew up Christian in the North Kingston, Rhode Island, home of a suburban doctor. In 2010, the promising young artist and good student dropped out of college, converted to Islam and married Tamerlan, whom she had met at a nightclub. The couple had a daughter. The young family moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where they settled in a cramped apartment and attended prayers in a Boston Islamic center. After her husband's death, Russell went to live with her parents in Rhode Island. They reportedly tried to convince her to stop being so strict about her faith. Russell's attorney Amato DeLuca claimed his client first learned that her husband was suspected of being a terrorist from news reports on TV. DeLuca said Russell had no reason to suspect her husband of anything and was focused on supporting her family, working 70 to 80 hours, seven days a week as a home health care aide. Russell has never spoken publicly about the bombings and she was never charged in relation to the plot, although a grand jury looking into the bombings spoke with her family members. Attack: The brothers planted two bombs at the finish line of the 2013 Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring more than 260, police said. Tamerlan was later killed in a shootout with police . | Katherine Russell, 25, suspected of accompanying husband Tamerlan Tsarnaev to a Macy's in Boston two months before the bombings . Tsarnaev bought five pressure cookers . Two of the cookers were planted at the marathon finish line . Russell could face now charges of misprision of a felony, or failing to notify authorities of a crime about to happen . She has never been charged in relation to the plot . Russell has since remarried and moved to New Jersey, reports say . The trial of her brother-in-law, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, will start Wednesday . |
From the passage provided, extract the list of Indian winners of the Academy Awards. Separate them with a comma. | At the 30th Academy Awards, Mehboob Khan's 1957 Hindi-language film Mother India was India's first submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film category. It was nominated alongside four other films and lost to the Italian film Nights of Cabiria (1957) by one vote. In 1982, The National Film Development Corporation of India was instrumental in co-producing Richard Attenborough's biographical film Gandhi. At the 55th Academy Awards, Bhanu Athaiya became the first Indian to win an Academy Award for designing the costumes. Ravi Shankar was nominated for Best Original Score for the same film. As of 2023, three Indian films have been nominated for Best International Feature—Mother India, Salaam Bombay! (1988) and Lagaan (2001).
In 1992, legendary Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray was bestowed with an Honorary Academy Award, becoming the only Indian to date to receive the honour. Resul Pookutty and A. R. Rahman won the Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing and Best Original Score, respectively, for the 2008 British film Slumdog Millionaire. Rahman also won for Best Original Song alongside lyricist Gulzar for the song "Jai Ho", becoming the first Indian to date to have won more than one Academy Award. Rahman also holds the record for most nominations for an Indian with five total nominations to date, followed by Ismail Merchant with four nominations (three for Best Picture and once for Live Action Short). | Bhanu Athaiya, Resul Pookutty , A. R. Rahman |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Police in Florida stopped an oncoming train to rescue a dog that had been shot three times and tied to the railway tracks with a belt. They discovered the dog had been shot twice in the neck and once in the shoulder after responding to three separate calls involving shots being fired on Wednesday afternoon. Its injuries were so severe that the dog's front right leg needs to be amputated in the next few days. Horrific: Police arrived at the scene to discover the dog (pictured) had been shot three times and tied to the railway tracks with a belt . The authorities are now asking for the public's help to find the thug who mercilessly left the animal for dead in the Sulphur Springs area. Officers freed the one to two-year-old female from the tracks and immediately took it to they Tampa Bay Veterinary Emergency Centre, where it remains in a stable condition. It is under the care of Dr Davidson who says the dog - whose name could be Cabela - is sweet with a good temperament. Police have said they do not know who tied Cabela to the track and asked the public for any information to track down the culprit or the dog's owner. Damaged: Although Cabela (pictured) remains in a stable condition, the injuries were so bad that its front-right leg needs to be amputated in the next few days . | The dog called Cabela was shot twice in the neck and once in the shoulder . Injuries were so severe its front-right leg will be amputated in coming days . Police arrived in Sulphur Springs area after three calls of shots being fired . They are asking for public's help to hunt down culprit and the dog's owner . |
What are all the different ways of saying customer lifetime value? | In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV) is a prognostication of the net profit contributed to the whole future relationship with a customer. The prediction model can have varying levels of sophistication and accuracy, ranging from a crude heuristic to the use of complex predictive analytics techniques.
Customer lifetime value can also be defined as the monetary value of a customer relationship, based on the present value of the projected future cash flows from the customer relationship. Customer lifetime value is an important concept in that it encourages firms to shift their focus from quarterly profits to the long-term health of their customer relationships. Customer lifetime value is an important metric because it represents an upper limit on spending to acquire new customers. For this reason it is an important element in calculating payback of advertising spent in marketing mix modeling.
One of the first accounts of the term customer lifetime value is in the 1988 book Database Marketing, which includes detailed worked examples. Early adopters of customer lifetime value models in the 1990s include Edge Consulting and BrandScience. | Customer lifetime value is commonly referred to as customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV). |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Aaron Ramsey has dedicated his opening goal in Wales' impressive 3-0 win over Israel to the memory of his grandmother, who died recently. The Arsenal midfielder opened the scoring in Haifa just before half-time as the Welsh moved top of European Championship qualifying Group B ahead of Belgium, Israel and Bosnia and Herzegovina who are all ranked above them. And Ramsey used his post-match comments to pay tribute to his grandmother after he ended what he described as a 'tough week' on a huge high. Aaron Ramsey celebrates his goal in Israel by pointing to the sky in memory of his deceased grandmother . The Arsenal midfielder opened the goalscoring just before half-time to set Wales on their way to victory . The 24-year-old pointed to the sky during his celebrations, and he has now clarified that the gesture was in memory of his nan. 'My nan passed away on the weekend, that's why it's been quite tough,' Ramsey said. 'My goal was for her. I'm just really proud I could score the goal for her. I know she's looking down on me and I was glad I could score. Ramsey wheels away after giving Wales the lead on the stroke of half-time at the Sammy Ofer Stadium . Ramsey points to the sky as the Welsh players are led back to the halfway line on Saturday afternoon . 'I shut my eyes, got my head on it and thankfully it went in. It was a great performance and Ginge (James Collins) said in the dressing room that's maybe the best performance away from home he has been involved in. 'We looked quite comfortable and played with a lot of belief. It was a great performance from the boys, we came here believing we could get a result and we managed to do it.' Gareth Bale added two further goals for Wales, who now look to have a great chance of qualifying for Euro 2016 in France next summer. Gareth Bale scored twice in the second half to seal a convincing win with Wales moving up to top the group . | Wales won 3-0 in Israel on Saturday with Aaron Ramsey scoring their first . Arsenal midfielder dedicated goal to his recently deceased grandmother . James Collins ranked the win in Haifa as his best away performance ever . |
When did Porsche stop producing air-cooled engines in the 911? | The Porsche 911 (pronounced Nine Eleven or in German: Neunelfer) is a two-door 2+2 high performance rear-engined sports car introduced in September 1964 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a rear-mounted flat-six engine and originally a torsion bar suspension. The car has been continuously enhanced through the years but the basic concept has remained unchanged. The engines were air-cooled until the introduction of the 996 series in 1998. | Porsche stopped producing air-cooled engines in the 911 in 1998 with the 996 series. |
What is the highest-grossing film worldwide? | With a worldwide box-office gross of over $2.9 billion, Avatar is proclaimed to be the "highest-grossing" film, but such claims usually refer to theatrical revenues only and do not take into account home video and television income, which can form a significant portion of a film's earnings. Once revenue from home entertainment is factored in it is not immediately clear which film is the most successful. Titanic earned $1.2 billion from video and DVD sales and rentals, in addition to the $2.2 billion it grossed in theatres. While complete sales data are not available for Avatar, it earned $345 million from the sale of sixteen million DVD and Blu-ray units in North America, and ultimately sold a total of thirty million DVD and Blu-ray units worldwide. After home video income is accounted for, both films have earned over $3 billion each. Television broadcast rights will also substantially add to a film's earnings, with a film often earning as much as 20–25% of its theatrical box office for a couple of television runs on top of pay-per-view revenues; Titanic earned a further $55 million from the NBC and HBO broadcast rights, equating to about 9% of its North American gross. | Avatar is the highest-grossing film worldwide, grossing over $2.9B. It was written and directed by James Cameron, and was released in 2009. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Floyd Mayweather Jnr began his official training camp at his Las Vegas gym on Monday as he prepares to take on Manny Pacquiao in May. The undefeated world welterweight champion posted several pictures to the social media site shots.com on Monday night and also uploaded a video to Instagram after his first session - which took place on the same day Pacquiao started training at Freddie Roach's Wild Card gym in Los Angeles. The pair will come face-to-face next week for the only time before the week of their £160million mega-fight. Floyd Mayweather began training in his Las Vegas gym on Monday ahead of fighting Manny Pacquiao . Mayweather and Pacquiao finally agreed terms last month for one the most eagerly anticipated fights ever . Mayweather, still undefeated at 37, is training in Las Vegas, where the fight will take place on May 2 . Having finally agreed terms to clash in Las Vegas on May 2, the rivals will hold just one press conference, in downtown Los Angeles on March 11. It's the fight everyone wants to watch and Hollywood stars Nicolas Cage and Elijah Wood dropped by, giving Mayweather the chance to post another picture. 'I appreciate you Nicolas Cage for coming by my gym today,' was the message Mayweather posted with the picture. Mayweather also uploaded a video to Instagram of him punching a speed ball . The American is renowned for his speed and is looking to refine it ahead of the Pacquiao fight . Mayweather had A-list company in Nicolas Cage (left) and Elijah Wood as he trained . Filipino star Pacquiao posted a video of himself jogging after he had flown in from his homeland over the weekend. Pacquiao must do without legendary trainer Roach until next week as the 54-year-old is preparing for Zou Shiming's first world title fight against Amnat Ruenroeng in Macao on Saturday. But when he returns, Roach will shut down his gym to work on the game plan he has devised. Manny Pacquiao trained in the Philippines before jetting to Los Angeles to continue his preparations . Pacquiao watched his basketball team lose on Sunday before flying to Los Angeles to start his camp . 'I won't tell you what the game plan is because that will be very silent,' he told the South China Morning Post. 'The whole Wildcard Gym [in Los Angeles, where Pacquiao is training] will be shut down and we will work out Manny's best strategy and nobody will watch it.' Mayweather will work with his father and uncle and has already booked the services of former opponent DeMarcus Corley as a sparring partner, according to Fight Hype. Corley troubled Mayweather in their 2004 fight but was knocked down twice before losing a unanimous decision. Mayweather and Pacquiao had not met before they went to the same basketball match in Miami earlier this year. Having exchanged numbers, they later met in Pacquiao's hotel suite to thrash out the details but an official announcement was not made for several weeks. | Floyd Mayweather started training for Manny Pacquiao fight on Monday . The pair will fight for the biggest purse in boxing history on May 2 . Mayweather and Pacquiao will host just one press conference . They will face the press in downtown Los Angeles next Wednesday . That will be the last time they see each other until fight week in May . CLICK HERE for all the latest Mayweather vs Pacquiao news . |
How many cycling world championships has Peter Sagan won? | Sagan is considered one of cycling's greatest talents, having earned many prestigious victories, including three consecutive World Championships, one European Championship, two Paris–Nice stages, seven Tirreno–Adriatico stages, one in the Tour de Romandie, three and the overall classification in the Tour de Pologne, a record seventeen stages and the overall in the Tour of California, and another fifteen in the Tour de Suisse. | Sagan has won three consecutive cycling world championships |
From the passage provided, extract where Java was developed | Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let programmers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such as reflection and runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub,[citation not found] particularly for client–server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.
Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. It was released in May 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GPL-2.0-only license. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open-source software and used by most developers and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions.
As of March 2023, Java 20 is the latest version, while Java 17, 11 and 8 are the current long-term support (LTS) versions. | Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Zealand reached their first ever World Cup final as they secured a sensational four-wicket Duckworth/Lewis win over South Africa at a sold out Eden Park on Tuesday. An explosive 49 off 18 balls from South African batsman David Miller saw New Zealand set 298 (D/L) to chase for victory, after a burst of rain reduced the match to 43 overs per side. In response, Brendon McCullum blazed his way to 59 and despite the regular loss of wickets, Grant Elliott smashed the penultimate ball for six to lead New Zealand to a tense victory. Grant Elliott celebrates after smashing the winning runs as New Zealand reached their first ever final . South Africa missed chances in the field, JP Duminy and Ferhaan Berhardian colliding at a crucial moment . Faf du Plessis and Farhaan Behardien cannot believe it after a crucial drop which reprieved Elliott . Daniel Vettori congratulates his team-mate as Dale Steyn looks away, following a thrilling climax in Auckland . The emotion is too much for Dale Steyn, who lies on the wicket after failing to defend 11 from the final over . Elliott consoles Steyn as New Zealand reached the World Cup final at South Africa's expense . Du Plessis (right) and Behardien look on, dejected, after losing by the narrowest of margins . The New Zealand players celebrate out in the middle with hugs for Daniel Vettori, who helped see them home . Vettori (left) leads his team-mates on a lap of honour to show appreciation for the home fans . Imran Tahir wipes away a tear after South Africa again failed to reach the final of a World Cup . The dejection is clear to see on the faces of the South Africans, after they failed to make it over the line . There was an added spice to the match with neither side having ever previously made it past the semi-finals. New Zealand’s own dismal record of six defeats out of six at this stage of the tournament was a disappointment the native supporters were confident their side would finally overcome in Auckland. But, following their quarter-final victory over Sri Lanka, South African captain AB de Villiers said his side embraced the tag of ‘chokers’ and were striving under the pressure. Having won the toss South Africa chose to bat first and the continued rotation of their side saw Vernon Philander replace the heretofore-impressive Kyle Abbott. With arguably the best attack of the World Cup, New Zealand’s pace bowlers Trent Boult and Tim Southee were successfully swinging the ball and causing the opposition openers all sorts of problems. AB de Villiers falls over the stumps after failing to gather the ball cleanly to run out Corey Anderson . The anguish is clear on De Villiers' face as he let the momentum shift away from South Africa in the semi final . De Villiers has been one of South Africa's stars of the tournament, but his mistake cost his side dear . New Zealand celebrate after taking a wicket during the first innings of their semi-final against South Africa . Du Plessis top-scored for South Africa with 82, as the Proteas scored 281 in a rain-interrupted innings . Corey Anderson, who was expensive but took three of five wickets, celebrates Rilee Roussow's dismissal . David Miller blasted three sixes in his quickfire 49, which boosted the South African score at the end . Somewhat surprisingly the Black Caps’ fielding early on let them down, as first Quinton De Kock was dropped on six by wicketkeeper Luke Ronchi off Boult. Hashim Amla was then put down three balls later on naught at long leg, with Boult the guilty party this time, after he hit a top-edge off Southee. Nonetheless, the tournaments leading wicket-taker redeemed himself in the following over as Boult followed up a bouncer with an in-swinger that took Amla’s (10) inside edge and cannoned into middle stump, with Eden Park erupting in jubilation. Attempting to release the shackles, De Kock (14) shuffled down the wicket to Boult and as he swung hard at a full ball, a thick edge flew to third man and South Africa were reduced to 31 for two after eight overs. Slow starts coupled with explosive finishes have the been framework for many of De Villiers side’s innings during this World Cup and their efforts in Auckland was following the same suit. Required to rebuild, Faf du Plessis and Rillee Rossouw put on an 83-run third-wicket partnership to steady the ship. De Villiers hit another impressive 65, continuing his excellent form, as South Africa accelerated their innings . The South African captain salutes the crowd after reaching yet another half century . However, McCullum brought on Corey Anderson and he sent down a bouncer that hit the shoulder of the Rossouw’s bat and was caught one-handed by Martin Guptill at backwards point to dismiss the left-handed batsman for 39. As De Villier’s came to the crease he was once again required to provide a rescue mission but was almost dismissed on his first delivery as he nearly gloved the ball onto the stumps. But, the right-handed batsman remained un-fazed and in typical style he took the attack to the opposition. Kane Williamson committed the cardinal sin of dropping the South African captain and New Zealand were made to pay as the next three balls were dispatched to the boundary rope. As Du Plessis and De Villier’s partnership passed the 100-run mark some unscheduled rain arrived to check their progress on 216-3 after 38 overs. It was an interruption that undoubtedly favoured New Zealand, just as South Africa looked like they were ready to explode and by the time the skies cleared the match was reduced to 43 overs per side. Having anchored his sides innings Du Plessis was dismissed for 82 off the second ball after the restart, as he gloved a bouncer from Anderson to Ronchi behind the stumps. For South Africa it turned out to be the perfect catalyst for an exciting end as Miller entered and smashed six fours and three sixes in his quick-fire 49. With 65 runs hit off their final five overs after the delay the Proteas posted 281-5, setting New Zealand a challenging 298 (D/L) to win. Brendon McCullum flicks the ball away as he got New Zealand off to a blistering start in their chase . McCullum's combination of clever shotmaking and explosive power set New Zealand up for a win . Morne Morkel hit back for South Africa, dismissing McCullum and Kane Williamson in quick succession . McCullum, who has become known for thriving on leading from the front, signaled his intent in the first over of his sides innings as he sent a short Dale Steyn delivery over extra cover for a maximum. Although Guptill - fresh from hitting a record 237 against the West Indies in fourth quarter-final - was looking uncomfortable, his captain was in full flow at the other end and reached his half-century off just 22 balls. South Africa’s pace bowlers were bleeding runs so De Villiers turned to his energetic spinner Imran Tahir and a tight first over applied a bit of pressure on the batsmen. And, McCullum (59) succumbed attempting to resume clearing the ropes in the next over as he came dancing down the wicket to Morne Morkel and having failed to connect properly could only pick out Steyn at mid-on. Williamson then lasted just 11 balls before he bottom-edged a short Morkel delivery and shattered his stumps on six. New Zealand were faltering and Ross Taylor was guilty for calling for a single and selling Guptill short as he found himself run-out for a scratchy 34. Quinton de Kock runs out Martin Guptill after a mix-up with Ross Taylor as the hosts faltered in Auckland . Duminy (left) celebrates with Du Plessis as South Africa appeared to take control of the contest . Taylor was caught behind for 30, as New Zealand struggled to keep up with the rate . It was fifth bowler JP Duminy who then provided the next crucial breakthrough for South Africa as Taylor was brilliantly caught behind by De Kock for a run-a-ball 30. The match continued to ebb and flow with neither side taking full control of the game before the game changing moment occurred in the 32nd over. As Elliott pushed the ball to point, Anderson called for a run and as he was sent back De Villiers missed a golden opportunity to run-out the stranded batsmen, hitting the stumps with his hand instead of the ball. A superb 103-run fifth-wicket partnership between Elliott and Anderson looked to have taken New Zealand to the brink of victory. However, Anderson skied a Morkel delivery to Du Plessis at square-leg for 58 and Ronchi holed-out in the deep for eight as the tension out in the middle and in the stands stepped up another notch. Anderson (above) and Elliot settled the hosts' nerves with a brilliant partnership of 103 . Anderson punished De Villiers for his missed run out as the game hurtled towards a tense climax . With New Zealand 273-6 and requiring another 26 runs off 16 balls, South Africa missed another crucial run-out opportunity, Elliott this time the lucky survivor. The 36-year-old right-handed batsmen sent a length Morkel delivery high into the evening Auckland sky but the ball fell agonizingly between two Proteas players. Morkel’s final delivery was again pulled high into the air by Elliott but just as Farhaan Behardien looked set to catch it Duminy ran across him as the ball dropped to the ground. Steyn, battling injury, was brought on for the final over with New Zealand requiring 12. And Eden Park erupted in euphoria as Elliott (84 not out) hit the penultimate ball for a maximum as the South African players collapsed to the ground in despair. There is an undeniably belief within the crowd that their side has one more victory in them that will bring New Zealand their elusive first World Cup title. Du Plessis keeps his cool to take a vital catch and dismiss Anderson, setting up a thrilling finish . Du Plessis cannot hide his jubilation as the semi-final came right down to the wire in Auckland . Duminy collides with Farhaan Berhadien to offer Elliott another reprieve in the penultimate over . Vettori (left) punches the air after Elliott smashed Steyn for six to win the match . | David Miller blasts 49 off 18 balls as South Africa post 281 . AB de Villiers and Faf du Plessis make half centuries in interrupted innings . New Zealand set a revised target of 298 to win on D/L method . Brendon McCullum blasts 59 off 26 balls to give perfect start . South Africa hit back before De Villiers misses crucial run out . Grant Elliott and Corey Anderson make fifties in partnership of 103 . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It’s a common sight on the streets of China’s most populous city Shanghai. But the image of an incredibly overloaded delivery bike still manages to boggle the mind of anyone who sees it. Captured cycling through the streets of Shanghai, two men are shown carrying a ridiculously large load of seven huge boxes of paper. Parked, the two bikes are dwarfed under the load of the seven boxes that they each carry . Straining under the weight of the cargo the three-wheeled bikes can be heard groaning as the riders go about making their delivery. Despite being dwarfed by the extremely heavy load, the riders move relatively fast towards their destination. Filmed parked at the side of the road after arriving, one of the bikes is shown toppled backwards under the weight of the boxes. One of the bikes moves relatively quickly considering the size and weight of its load . The pair are then seen untying the rope around the boxes before offloading the paper onto the street. Pulling the rope from the top, one man manages to put his bike back on all three wheels before he attempts to remove the highest stacked box. Because of China’s huge population, many locals have adopted this means of transport as a way of getting around effectively. Pushbikes, motorbikes, mopeds and scooters are all used in place of transit vans and HGVs as a way of avoiding the congestion. One of the bikes in unable to sustain the weight of the load when stationery and topples onto its two back wheels . One of the men pulls a rope from the top of the cargo to put his bike back on all three wheels before unloading . | The two bikes are seriously overloaded with seven huge boxes . The weight causes one bike to topple onto its back wheels . The extreme delivery was filmed in Shanghai, China . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jorge Pereira won the open savoury amateur prize with his empanada Chilena, a traditional Chilean pasty made with beef, onion, hard-boiled egg, olives and sultanas . A Chilean miner stole the show at the World Pasty Championships by beating his Cornish competition. Jorge Pereira won the open savoury amateur prize with his empanada Chilena, a traditional Chilean pasty made with beef, onion, hard-boiled egg, olives and sultanas. Mr Pereira decided to take part in the contest while on a two-month visit to the UK to see his wife's family. Wife Gail, who spoke on the non-English-speaking cook's behalf, said: 'Jorge feels very excited and happy to be so far from my country to win such a prize. 'It's all about getting recognition for his country rather than winning.' There were also pasty makers from the US and Canada at the championships, held on Saturday at the Eden Project in Bodelva, Cornwall, to celebrate the British delicacy. Betty Lethbridge, 88, from St Kew, Cornwall, who took the Cornish pasty amateur title, has been baking for eight decades. But she only decided to enter this year at the behest of her son, Fisherman's Friends singer John Lethbridge. She said: 'I'm shocked really, I didn't think for one minute I would win anything. 'I did it to please John. He said to me 'You make a good pasty, mother, why don't you enter?' 'I've been making them for years and years. I started when I was eight years old. 'Mother used to make pasties so I used to roll the pastry out on a bench. You need to get really good meat to make a pasty and the seasoning is important.' Eden Project spokesman David Rowe said: 'The fourth World Pasty Championships was a very memorable one for sure and Mrs Lethbridge's win was such a heart-warming story. Creative entries to the World Pasty Championships, held on Saturday at the Eden Project in Bodelva, Cornwall . Pasty makers came from across the globe, including the US, Canada and Chile to compete in the annual championships to celebrate the British delicacy . The pasty winners including Mr Pereira (centre) pose with their pastry trophies . World Pasty Championships, Eden Project, Cornwall . 'We commend the entrants who took so much pride in their pasties. 'To have pasty makers from the USA, Canada and Chile gave it a great international feel and there was a nice spread of entrants from different parts of the UK.' In the professional ranks, West Cornwall Pasty Company were came tops in the prestigious Cornish Pasty Company category. Open Savoury Professional winner Luisa Ead from Padstow, Cornwall, scored 97 with a smoked haddock, white wine and mustard pasty while Daniel Beddoes,13, from Bristol, defended his title when he won the Open Savoury Junior category with a barbeque effort. Marion Symonds, of Portreath Bakery in Redruth, Cornwalll, was handed the Pasty Ambassador award for her contribution to the Cornish Pasty Association and the industry. Marion has been dubbed as 'mama pasty' in Mexico after she travelled the globe to promote the Cornish food. Each pasty went under close scrutiny to pick the tastiest winner in each category at the competition . A huge globe pasty was made for the World Pasty Championships, in Cornwall which are held to celebrate the British delicacy . | Jorge Pereira won the amateur prize at the World Pasty Championships . The Chilean miner beat international entrants at the Cornwall competition . His winning 'empanada Chilena' had beef, onion, egg, olives and sultanas . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | It was once a symbol of U.S. supremacy before becoming a prison cell for 52 Americans for 444 days. Now, the former embassy in Tehran is a chilling museum complete with a skeletal Statue of Liberty and ghostly waxworks. Every year, Iran commemorates the anniversary of the 1979 Iranian revolution with its Ten Days of Dawn celebrations. On the final day, mass rallies and anti-western protests take place and the country's president addresses his people in Tehran's Freedom Square. The embassy garnered worldwide attention in November 1979 when revolutionary students stormed in and took dozens of U.S. staff hostage - the story which inspired the film Argo, starring Ben Affleck. Australian photographer Brook Mitchell, 36, who lives in Bali, embarked on a trip to Iran and captured these incredible pictures of the celebrations and the macabre museum. Ghoulish: A mural of the Statue of Liberty on the wall of the former U.S. embassy in Tehran, where 52 hostages were held for 444 days . Bizarre: Wax figures supposedly represent former U.S. embassy staff inside the so called 'Glassy Room for Secret Negotiations' in Tehran . Liberty: A statue at the entrance to the former U.S. embassy in Tehran, which the Iranian government dubbed the 'U.S. Den of Espionage' A display depicting the storming of the former U.S. embassy in 1979. Thousands of protesters pressed around the compound, responding to a call by the country's new leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, to attack U.S. and Israeli interests . The rooms where secret state missions were planned have been covered in graffiti. But apart from the most minor of cosmetic changes, the building that caused a global diplomatic crisis is frozen in time - and looks almost identical to its portrayal in the Oscar-winning Ben Affleck movie Argo. In 1979, thousands of protesters pressed around the compound, responding to a call by the country's new leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, to attack U.S. and Israeli interests. Of the 90 people in the compound, six Americans managed to escape the building and flee to other embassies. Other non-U.S. citizens captured when the embassy was seized were released, but 66 were captured, including three at the Foreign Ministry, and held hostage for 444 days. 'Glassy Room for Top Secret Negotiations' in which former embassy staff are said to have conversed in total privacy from the outside world . Stark: A woman walks into the former U.S. embassy in downtown Tehran, Iran in 2013. The building is now somewhat of a museum complete with waxwork figures . Art as protest: An Iranian Journalist climbs the stairs inside the former US embassy in downtown Tehran in 2013. Painted on the walls are anti-American murals . In 1979, thousands of protesters pressed around the compound, responding to a call by the country's new leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, to attack U.S. and Israeli interests . Dramatic: Iranian students climb over the wall of the U.S. embassy in Tehran just before the hostage crisis, in which 52 Americans were held hostages for 444 days in 1979 . The students paraded the blindfolded hostages for the cameras to humiliate the ‘Great Satan’ that Washington had become in the eyes of the Iranian revolutionary leaders. They demanded that the Shah of Iran be expelled from the U.S., where he had been taken for cancer treatment after he was overthrown. Freeing the hostages became a priority for the administration of U.S. President Jimmy Carter - but nothing could be done apart from enforcing ineffective economic sanctions. Mr Carter pledged to preserve the lives of the hostages and conducted intense diplomacy to secure their release. But his failure ultimately contributed to his losing the presidency to Ronald Reagan in 1980. Paraded: One of the hostages, blindfolded and with his hands bound, is displayed to crowds outside the US Embassy in 1979. On the day of President Ronald Reagan's inauguration, January 20 1981, the hostages were set free . Starring role: Ben Affleck starred as a CIA agent in the film Argo, about the crisis which won the Oscar for Best Picture at the Academy Awards . The embassy garnered worldwide attention in November 1979 when revolutionary students stormed in and took dozens of U.S. staff hostage - the story which inspired the film Argo, starring Ben Affleck . Two weeks into the crisis, Ayatollah Khomeini ordered the release of 13 female and black hostages, mostly clerical staff and members of the marine guard who guard US embassies around the world. Another hostage, vice consul Richard Queen, was released in July 1980 after falling ill with multiple sclerosis. But the remaining 52 were deprived of their freedom for 444 days. In February 1980, Iran issued a new set of demands for the hostages' freedom. It called for the Shah to be handed over to face trial in Tehran, as well as other diplomatic gestures, such as a U.S. apology for its actions. The hostages were finally set free on January 20 1981. A Bandari woman in the Panjshambe Bazaar. The bright masks are unique to this part of Iran - a cultural adronment rather than a religious one . The Ten Days of Dawn celebration saw mass rallies and many children were involved in this government propaganda-driven event . A father and his young daughter in Yazd, celebrating the 36th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution. Every year, Iran commemorates the anniversary with its Ten Days of Dawn celebrations . A crowd gathers as this strongman theatrically struggles to break free of chains in Minab, Southern Iran . Yet Mr Mitchell, who embarked on an enlightening trip, said: 'After visiting some of the most remote and supposedly conservative parts of the country, areas that very few outsiders see, I cannot equate the term 'axis of evil' with my experiences, at least when it comes to the people I met. 'Travelling through Iran as an outsider was an unforgettable, immersive experience. 'Open, curious hospitality was the norm. Despite being proud of their country and history, the people were largely ashamed of their government. 'There's rebellion going on all the time; it's just for the most part it's happening behind closed doors. 'My favourite image is probably one of the lady in the striking red mask staring down the camera. After having some breakfast together she was happy for me to take her picture, and she had a really lovely way about her. 'It was the second morning of the trip and I was kind of reassured that it was all going to work out after that.' Hormuz island, Persian Gulf. 'Travelling through Iran as an outsider was an unforgettable, immersive experience,' Mitchell explained . The Iranian flag flies in the town centre of the city of Yazd. Officials estimated around 20,000 people attended the celebrations . He added that in many areas there was a sense of desperation at the current state of the economy, with many young adults unsure of their future. 'I was frequently asked about the current migration laws back in Australia, and what I thought of the government. This was usually followed up with an invitation to share some tea,' he said. 'Even at mass anti-Western rallies I was welcomed with smiles and curiosity, which was a surreal experience in itself.' The photographer travelled along the ethnically diverse Persian Gulf coast region, which is rarely visited by outsiders, and spent time on Qeshm and Hormuz islands, the former the site of recent military exercises from where missiles were fired from the coast to destroy a mock U.S. carrier. Mitchell says a highlight for him was a visit to the Panjshambe Bazaar, a weekly market in the desert town of Minab, which draws some of the most remote and ethnically diverse groups in Iran to sell their wares. Remains of the chapel at the Portuguese fort on Hormuz Island. Many battlements were constructed in southern Iran after the Portuguese viceroy Alfonso de Albuquerque attacked in 1507 . An elderly man relaxes in the quiet surrounds of Park Laleh in central Tehran during Iran's Ten Days of Dawn celebrations . A father and his daughter attend a rally. The man said that his daughter had coloured in the drawing of the Iranian flag she was holdin . Women and children attend a rally. The Ten Days of Dawn appeals to a sense of nostalgia, national pride and Islamic unity . Smoking tobacco from a waterpipe is now banned for women throughout Iran in public places, but it remains popular with the vendors at the weekly Panjshambe Bazaar, in Minab . A young girl in a helps her parents with the business trading livestock in the Panjshambe Bazaar, Minab . The Khaju Bridge and banks, in Isfahan, are a popular meeting place for local families . The stirking ruins of Hazareh Castle in Bibi Minoo, overlooking Minab, in Hormozgan province . A group of school children visit the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Isfahan. Rays of light illuminate the intricate tile work of the building . 'In the Gulf region many Bandari - literally meaning 'people of the port' in Persian, women wear distinctive masks made of metal which are covered with fabric, the colour and style depending on the woman's ethnic group and town,' Mr Mitchell added. 'This is a stark contrast to the black tent like outfits seen in the rest of the country. 'There was little in the way of tourist infrastructure for outsiders for much of the trip, which made daily organisation pretty challenging.' During the trip Mitchell visited the Persian Gulf Coast and Islands: Bandar Abbas, Hormuz, Qeshm and Minab and travelled to the desert cities of Yazd and Shiraz, Tehran, including the ancient Zoroastrian centre of Chak Chak, Ruins at Persepolis and the city of Isfahan. The intricately decorated Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan (left) and a vendor at the Panjshambe Bazaar in Minab (right) In a city of nearly one million, only around 20,000 showed up for the rally, and dispersed after just a few hours, the photographer said . 'Down with Israel': The sight of children holding placards such as these was a confronting element to the protest, the photographer said . Men and boys training in a traditional gym for the Iranian martial art of Zurkhaneh. The practice dates back more than 800 years . Working on a traditional Lenge at low tide, Bandar Abbas. Mitchell, 36, travelled around the Iran during February . Protesters at a rally on Febuary 11th for the 36th anniversary of the Islamic revolution, in Yazd . | Former U.S. embassy in Tehran is a chilling museum complete with skeletal Statue of Liberty and ghostly waxworks . Embassy garnered worldwide attention in November 1979 when revolutionary students took dozens of staff hostage . Story inspired the film Argo, starring Ben Affleck, and the building looks almost identical to portrayal in the movie . Every year, Iran commemorates anniversary of the 1979 Iranian revolution with its Ten Days of Dawn celebrations . On the final day, mass rallies and anti-western protests take place and the country's president addresses his people . Photographer Brook Mitchell, 36, travelled to Iran and captured pictures of 'celebrations' and the macabre museum . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jonny Evans maintains he didn’t wilfully spit at Papiss Cisse – and would’ve been locked out of the family home if he had. The Manchester United defender reacted angrily during their 1-0 win at St James’ Park earlier this month, with television cameras seemingly catching him in the act. But Evans insists the altercations is not what it appears, even if the FA felt the need to slap him with a six-match ban. Newcastle's Papiss Cisse and Manchester United's Jonny Evans squared up at St James' Park . Both Evans and Cisse were charged and banned by the FA for spitting, but Cisse admitted the offence . ‘I can totally understand there is an image around that, and in the British game and our society it’s not something that is accepted, and rightly so,’ Evans told The Times. ‘But I was able to go home and look my mum and dad in the eye because if I’d genuinely spat at someone I think they would have been disgusted in me. ‘It’s not the background I come from in Northern Ireland. My mum and dad would have given me a rollicking if I had done that.’ Evans says his mum and dad would have been disgusted if he had 'genuinely spat at' Papiss Cisse . Cisse was handed a seven-match ban for a clearer spit in the aftermath, the additional game owing to a previous red card for the Magpies this season. Evans added: ‘I did not have the intent to spit at an opponent, so when the FA charged me with that I could never accept it. ‘To spit at anyone is one of the most disgusting things you can do; it’s low and it’s cheap. I would never think to spit at someone. You just look like an idiot.’ Cisse appears to wipe spit away from his eye after the altercation at St James' Park . | Jonny Evans was handed a six-match ban after clashing with Papiss Cisse . Television cameras seemed to catch the defender spitting at Cisse . But Evans says his parents would have been disgusted if he had done so . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | If there was one man that didn’t deserve to be on the losing side at the Nou Camp on Wednesday it was Manchester City goalkeeper Joe Hart. The England No 1 was in sensational form as he denied Barcelona’s three-pronged attack of Lionel Messi, Neymar and Luis Suarez time and time again. Hart denied Messi from the penalty spot in the first-leg to give the Citizens a slim chance of progression in the second-leg, but it just wasn’t to be as Ivan Rakitic’s goal secured Barcelona’s spot in the last eight. Joe Hart denies Lionel Messi from point-blank range during the defeat to Barcelona at the Nou Camp . Hart scrambles back to try and deny Jordi Alba a goal as Manchester City attempt to progress . England No 1 Hart denies Brazilian ace Neymar as the former Santos man looms down on goal . When asked if he'd played as well before, Hart said: 'Not really. It's just unfortunate after the first leg. 'It's nice to save a penalty off Messi but I wanted it to count. Unfortunately, it hasn't. I'm here to make saves. A lot hit me tonight, I tried to be big. 'It was busy. Definitely busy. I tried to smother them best I could. I know full well they've got a pass at all times. That's why I tried to rush them. Former Shrewsbury Town goalkeeper Hart dives for the ball as Argentinean wizard Messi attempts to score . Hart gets his hands to the ball as he attempts to stop Messi from tapping the ball into an empty net . ‘My job was to try and rush them. Against quality players that's difficult to do sometimes. You need a bit of luck.' ‘We look to West Brom now. Big shout to the fans who came here up in the clouds. We're going to turn up Saturday, and go again.’ Hart’s performance grabbed the attentions of the pundits, too, as the former Shrewsbury Town youngster spared his teammate’s blushes with his non-stop blocks and saves. Hart spreads himself well to try and deny Barcelona ace Neymar a goal at the Nou Camp on Wednesday . ‘This is one of the best goalkeeping displays I have ever seen. It’s absolutely magnificent. This has been one of the most incredible goalkeeping performances — for nothing,‘said Robbie Savage on Radio 5 Live. Former Liverpool defender Jamie Carragher also echoed the sentiments of the former Welsh international. Carragher said: 'Those three men, Neymar, Suarez, Messi, will never forget the name Joe Hart. I can tell you that now.' A dejected Hart leaves the Nou Camp pitch having played one of the best games of his career so far . The Manchester City players congratulate Hart as they leave the field following their Champions League exit . Barcelona's goalkeeper Marc-Andre ter Stegen shares a meet and greet with Hart at the final whistle . | Joe Hart impressed as Manchester City lost to Barcelona at the Nou Camp . The England No 1 produced save after save to keep the score down . Keeper denied Lionel Messi, Neymar and Louis Suarez throughout . In the end only Ivan Rakitic could get past the 27-year-old on the night . CLICK HERE for the best images from Messi's personal battle with Hart . READ: Hart backs Pellegrini to keep his job after Champions League exit . |
Given a reference text about S26, tell me where it begins and ends. | S26 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It runs from Teltow in the district (Kreis) of Potsdam-Mittelmark via Südkreuz, through the Berlin Nord-Süd Tunnel with a stop at Friedrichstraße, and ends in Waidmannslust in the borough of Reinickendorf. On weekends the S26 runs from Teltow to Potsdamer Platz.
Trains on this line run every 20 minutes. This interval is in sections shortened to a 10-minute interval by the S25. There is no night service on this line. | S26 begins in Tetlow and ends in Waidmannslust. |
Based on this passage, please extract a bulleted list of the factors of GPU's constructions that enter into the performance of the card for real-time rendering. | Several factors of the GPU's construction enter into the performance of the card for real-time rendering. Common factors can include the size of the connector pathways in the semiconductor device fabrication, the clock signal frequency, and the number and size of various on-chip memory caches. Additionally, the number of Streaming Multiprocessors (SM) for NVidia GPUs, or Compute Units (CU) for AMD GPUs, which describe the number of core on-silicon processor units within the GPU chip that perform the core calculations, typically working in parallel with other SM/CUs on the GPU. Performance of GPUs are typically measured in floating point operations per second or FLOPS, with GPUs in the 2010s and 2020s typically delivering performance measured in teraflops (TFLOPS). This is an estimated performance measure as other factors can impact the actual display rate. | -The size of the connector pathways in the semiconductor device fabrication
-The clock signal frequency
-The number/size of various on-chip memory caches
-Number of SM or CU GPUs |
What does "16-bit" mean when referring to digital audio? | A PCM signal is a sequence of digital audio samples containing the data providing the necessary information to reconstruct the original analog signal. Each sample represents the amplitude of the signal at a specific point in time, and the samples are uniformly spaced in time. The amplitude is the only information explicitly stored in the sample, and it is typically stored as either an integer or a floating point number, encoded as a binary number with a fixed number of digits: the sample's bit depth, also referred to as word length or word size.
The resolution indicates the number of discrete values that can be represented over the range of analog values. The resolution of binary integers increases exponentially as the word length increases. Adding one bit doubles the resolution, adding two quadruples it and so on. The number of possible values that can be represented by an integer bit depth can be calculated by using 2^n, where n is the bit depth. Thus, a 16-bit system has a resolution of 65,536 (2^16) possible values. | Converting sound into a digital format requires taking samples of the original sound wave at regular points in time. These samples numerically represent the relative strength, or amplitude, of the analog wave as it varies over time. For digital audio, these numbers are recorded in binary notation. When digital audio is advertised as 16-bit, we mean that the numerical samples of the artist's recording were recorded as 16 digit-long binary numbers. |
Which component of a PV solar system implements MPPT? | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction as conditions vary. The technique is most commonly used with photovoltaic (PV) solar systems, but can also be used with wind turbines, optical power transmission and thermophotovoltaics.
PV solar systems have varying relationships to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, and other electrical loads. The central problem addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on the amount of available sunlight, shading, solar panel temperature and the load's electrical characteristics. As these conditions vary, the load characteristic (impedance) that gives the highest power transfer changes. The system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep power transfer at highest efficiency. This optimal load characteristic is called the maximum power point (MPP). MPPT is the process of adjusting the load characteristic as the conditions change. Circuits can be designed to present optimal loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems.
Solar cells' non-linear relationship between temperature and total resistance can be analyzed based on the Current-voltage (I-V) curve and the power-voltage (P-V) curves. MPPT samples cell output and applies the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power. MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric power converter system that provides voltage or current conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various loads, including power grids, batteries, or motors. Solar inverters convert DC power to AC power and may incorporate MPPT.
The power at the MPP (Pmpp) is the product of the MPP voltage (Vmpp) and MPP current (Impp).
In general, the P-V curve of a partially shaded solar array can have multiple peaks, and some algorithms can get stuck in a local maximum rather than the global maximum of the curve. | An MPPT device is usually integrated into the electric power converter system. The electric power converter system is responsible for voltage and current conversation like the DC to AC solar inverter. |
In the following passage about mechanical-switch keyboards, which keyboards are the loudest, and how can I make them quieter? | Every key on a mechanical-switch keyboard contains a complete switch underneath. Each switch is composed of a housing, a spring, and a stem, and sometimes other parts such as a separate tactile leaf or a clickbar. Switches come in three variants: "linear" with consistent resistance, "tactile" with a non-audible bump, and "clicky" with both a bump and an audible click. Depending on the resistance of the spring, the key requires different amounts of pressure to actuate and to bottom out. The shape of the stem as well as the design of the switch housing varies the actuation distance and travel distance of the switch. The sound can be altered by the material of the plate, case, lubrication, the keycap profile, and even modifying the individual switch. These modifications, or "mods" include applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch itself, inserting "switch films" to reduce wobble, swapping out the spring inside to modify the resistance of the switch itself and many more. Mechanical keyboards allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps with a common stem type. | Mechanical-switch keyboards with "Clicky" switches come with both a bump and an audible click. Without adjusting the material of the plates or case, the way for users to reduce the noise would be to replace the keycaps or applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Students at a Catholic school in New Jersey have not been punished for dressing up as a monkey and a banana to taunt black basketball players at a high school game. The two Holy Spirit High School seniors screamed from the sidelines as their classmates played Atlantic City, whose team is mostly black. Despite numerous complaints, both were simply issued with warnings. Outrage: This is a picture of two Holy Spirit students (right) dressed as a monkey and a banana as they taunted Atlantic City's majority black basketball team (one player seen wearing white, left) Jay Connell, athletic director at Holy Spirit, told The Press Of Atlantic City: 'I am not going to kick anyone out of school or whip anybody. 'All I can do is apologize; I can't take it back. 'There is no punishment. The punishment is that it will be an event that will not happen again, and that is the punishment for Holy Spirit.' According to NBC, a female student was also involved in the skit dressed as a cowgirl, and Holy Spirit's starting five was also majority black. Atlantic City's athletic director Anthony Nistico said: 'What I am appalled at is there are adults there that let this happen,' he said. He added that the boys also hid behind a shower curtain and jumped out in an apparent attempt to scare the opposing team as they played. 'These two students were allowed to walk into the gym in these costumes and with this shower curtain,' he said. 'What were the adults thinking? Where were the refs?' Shockingly, a poll on the Press Of Atlantic City website found 50.3 per cent of people felt the students shouldn't be punished as many students dress up for the event. Atlantic City beat Holy Spirit 54-53. | Two teenage boys dressed as monkey and banana at basketball game . Their school, Holy Spirit, in New Jersey, was playing Atlantic City's majority black team . Both boys were issued with a warning but not punished . |
Extract the names of the countries that has occurrence of Stereospermum kunthianum from the text. Separate them with a comma. | Stereospermum kunthianum is an African deciduous shrub or small tree occurring in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. It is widespread across Africa to the Red Sea, and reaches as far south as Angola, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. There are some 30 species with a Central African and Asian distribution. | Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Lawyers for Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran have said it would be 'unthinkable' and 'shocking' if their clients were put to death by the Indonesian government, while a desperate last-minute plea to save the Australian duo was still to be heard. Australian lawyer Julian McMahon referred to what he expects from a modern democracy when he described any attempt to end the pair's life before the appeal is heard as 'unthinkable'. 'Now if it turns out that my clients are moved from here to a place of execution while they are in the process of having an appeal heard in a court then that would be a shocking thing,' Mr McMahon said outside Kerobokan prison in Bali, according to a report by the Daily Telegraph. 'It’s unthinkable that people who are having their right to life litigated in a court can at the same time be taken away for that court by powerful people, such as the executive and simply executed.' Scroll down for video . Final journey: The strain shows on the faces of Myuran Sukumaran (left) and Andrew Chan (right), pictured in Kerobokan prison this week in Kerobokan prison with Indonesia's human rights commissioner Natalius Pigai (centre) who can do nothing to save them from execution which now seems set for this weekend . In waiting: Seen from the waters off Nuskambangan in central Java this is the police station on the 30km long island which houses seven prisons, including Batu or 'stone' prison where special isolation cells have been prepared for the Australian Bali 9 duo ahead of the deaths by firing squad . It had earlier been confirmed by the Indonesian Attorney General that any pending legal appeals will not delay the execution of the Bali Nine duo and the eight other drug smugglers. The news came as Bali's chief prosecutor Momock Bambang Samiarso announced Australian death row inmates Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran will be moved to 'Death Island' where they will be executed this week. HM Prasetyo also confirmed that the preparations for the mass death by firing squad were '95 per cent' ready as Chan and Sukumaran's lawyers are planning to lodge an appeal within the next week. Grisly business: Dressed in civvies to play their roles as Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan, two police officers from Indonesia's mobile brigade take part in a dress rehearsal for the men's removal to Nusakambangan island for their execution along with eight other drug traffickers . The two Australians have a 900km journey from Bali where they have lived for the last decade, west to the port town of Cilacap from where they will be transferred to the prison island and place of their execution, Nusakambangan . However, HM Prasetyo said following the clemency plea rejection there were no more 'no more legal avenues left', The Sydney Morning Herald reported. 'Regarding the transfer (of Chan and Sukumaran), it will be done as soon as possible,' he said. 'It's all related to technical issues. Maybe there are still some things that need to be prepared. As an Indonesian battleship is due to arrive in the waters off Nusakambangan island in southern central Java, Mr Samiarso said that for the first time Attorney General M. Prasetyo had issued him with an order to to move the Bali Nine duo to the island. Last rites: Kerobokan prison (pictured, this week) will hold a special Hindu ceremony for Chan and Sukumaran asking the gods to bless the men before they make their final journey to their deaths . Is all hope lost? Bali's chief prosecutor says he is now certain that Myuran Sukumaran (above, left) and Andrew Chan (right) will be moved from Bali to Nusakambangan Island this week to be out to the firing squad . A masked member of the mobile paramilitary brigade 'Brimob' armed with an assault rifle will be among 22 officers who will accompany Chan and Sukumaran from Kerobokan prison to Denpasar airport, which they last saw ten years ago on arrival for their ill-fated heroin smuggling trip . These armed personnel carriers belonging to the Indonesian special police will be used in the transfer of the two Australians to Bali's airport whereupon they will be placed in Sukhoi jets and likely flown straight to Cilacap, which is just a short trip to their place of execution, Nusakambangan . This comes as gruesome details of the planned executions comes to light. The two Australians and eight others will be executed in similar fashion to five foreigners and an Indonesian woman killed by firing squad on the island on January 18. Four of the prisoners were strapped to wooden planks with a type of rubber used to make the inside of car tyres. Indonesian Rani Andriani aka Melisa Aprilia, opted not to be attached to a board, saying in a written submission beforehand 'submission does not mean give up. Do the best, God will finish the rest'. Indonesian police carry out an ant-terrorist drill at Pasir Putih prison, the 'supermax' of Nuskambangan's seven correctional facilities on the island where Chan and Sukumaran are due to be shot this week . After weeks of deadly anticipation it appears that Nusakambangan, where police were pictured (above) this week taking part in an anti-terrorist drill is finally ready to carry out the deaths by firing squad of ten drug traffickers including the Australians Chan and Sukumaran . Indonesia plans to hold the Australians and eight other convicted drug traffickers in one of the island's prisons before they are simultaneously killed by firing squads in the middle of the night. The prisons boss for Central java provence, Ahmad Yuspahruddin,confirmed last week that special isolation cells had been prepared for the Australian pair or Batu, or 'stone' prison away from the jail's other inmates weho weren't on death row. The transfer of Chan and Sukumaran to Nusakambangan, which had been predicted more than a week ago, was delayed by the logistics of carrying out the execution of ten people at once. Myuran Sukumaran pictured in 2006 just after the death sentence had been passed on him and Andrew Chan, less than a year after the pair and the seven drug mules they consigned to carry 8.3kg of heroin into Australia had been caught and jailed . The men spent time with family members, although Sukumaran's father, Sam and siblings, brother Chinthu and sister Brinthe returned to Australia on Sunday. Andrew Chan, 31, and Myuran Sukumaran, 34, were the leaders of an 8.3kg heroin trafficking ring dubbed the 'Bali 9' who were convicted of attempting to smuggle the drugs out of Indonesia to Australia in 2005. They were sentenced to death in February 2006 and have been living in Kerobokan prison. The other eight due to face the firing squad are: Filipina Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso, Nigerian Raheem Agbaje Salami, Serge Areski Atlaoui of France, Martin Anderson of Ghana, Indonesian Zainal Abidin, Silvester Obikwe of Nigeria and Rodrigo Gularte, a paranoid schizophrenic man from Brazil whose family has desperately fought to be transferred to a hospital. | Lawyers beg for more time so appeal can be heard before executions . They claim it is 'shocking' if the duo are killed before appeal can be heard . 'Unthinkable' to have their lives taken away before final decision made . Bali prosecutor says pair will be moved to 'Death Island' for execution . Attorney General says legal appeals will not delay execution process . The Bali Nine duo have been ordered to Nusakambangan 'for first time' After weeks of delays the pair will leave Bali 'for sure' for their final journey . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Barcelona manager Luis Enrique believes Lionel Messi's partnership with Luis Suarez has been crucial in helping the Catalan giants climb to the top of the La Liga table. Messi and Co capitalised on Real Madrid's surprise defeat at Athletic Bilbao by beating Rayo Vallecano 6-1 to move ahead of their rivals. Barcelona summer signing Suarez netted a brace while Messi scored a hat-trick to open up a one-point gap over Carlo Ancelotti's side. Lionel Messi netted a hat-trick against Rayo Vallecano while Luis Suarez grabbed a brace . Messi celebrates after netting from the penalty spot to score his side's third goal of the match . Enrique lavished praise on both Messi and Suarez after the final whistle by complementing the attacking duo's chemistry. 'He has an understanding with Messi and Luis is giving us more every time,' Enrique told reporters after the match. 'They have chemistry, and that's good for the team. 'We've earned our place in the table. We told the players there would be no easy ball, no peace. We knew it would be an awkward match. 'The goal is to be there [top] when the season ends. I always say that defeats will keep happening, which is why we must be very careful. 'I don't talk about the others. Every game is difficult. Knowing how to manage it will be key.' Messi and Suarez ran riot against Rayo Vallecano to help their side climb above La Liga rivals Real Madrid . | Lionel Messi netted hat-trick in Barcelona's 6-1 win against Rayo Vallecano . Luis Suarez scored a brace to help his side move to the top of the table . Luis Enrique has been impressed with form of Messi and Suarez . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Peter Lawwell called it the ‘Le Guen hump’ and for certain Celtic players the chief executive’s words might be tweaked to read ‘taking the hump’. It’s to his credit that, with typical candour, Kris Commons admits he had teething problems with the regime change that saw Ronny Deila walk into Celtic intent on wholesale reform. Lawwell knew that by appointing the Norwegian in the wake of Neil Lennon’s resignation he was taking a risk, and recently likened the gamble to Rangers’ decision to install Paul Le Guen in 2006. After a difficult start, Kris Commons has now build a strong relationship with Celtic manager Ronny Deila . The Frenchman lasted barely six months at Ibrox and departed in the wake of a dressing-room revolt. Yet, while the likes of Kris Boyd and Barry Ferguson actively railed against Le Guen’s methods, the resistance to Deila’s changes was more subtle. There was, however, bemusement that the club should seek to change the winning formula that had seen Lennon land three titles in a row alongside consecutive qualifications for the Champions League group stage. Having clinched the major Player of the Year honours and scored 32 times last season, Commons more than most was perhaps entitled to feel his game had little need for refinement. He readily admits to feeling unsettled by the changes that saw the former Stromsgodset chief place a greater emphasis on fitness as he attempted to realise a high-tempo pressing game. As with most human squabbles, communication has proved the key to a solution. Deila’s policy of regularly sitting down to speak individually with his players has given Commons a right of reply and he has used it, returning to first-team prominence and signing a new contract last month. Commons has adapted well to the manager's demands of his players to be physically fitter than before . Commons is likely to start the League Cup Final and has declared himself all in as Deila bids to win his first trophy as Celtic manager. ‘It is always difficult when you feel like you’ve come off a season doing really well then someone comes in and wants to change things, as he sees it, for the better,’ he said. ‘But through that transitional period we got knocked out the Champions League and didn’t get off to a great start in the league. It had an effect on the park. ‘I wasn’t playing every week and, when I was in, I’d try to do the things the manager wanted. In recent weeks, when I have been fit and healthy, I’ve felt like a different player and added more to my game than usual. ‘We speak one-to-one on a regular basis about what he wants and what I want. He’s good that way, super. He’s not telling me anything I don’t know already, it’s just sometimes you need a push in the right direction to make you a better player.’ Bright, articulate and possessed with a healthy sense of his own ability, Commons is one of the bigger characters in the dressing room and it was always crucial that Deila found a way to bring the Mansfield-born attacking midfielder on side. Even Lennon had a rocky spell with Commons during the player’s first full season at the club but the pair went on to forge a productive working relationship to the extent that the Northern Irishman admitted he would happily take Commons off Deila’s hands as he settled into his new job at Bolton. Commons talks with captain Scott Brown in training ahead of the Scottish League cup final on Sunday . A return to the Championship, where the 31-year-old had performed comfortably and without the incessant pressure to win inherent at Celtic, would have been an easier and possibly more lucrative option. ‘I’m not looking for an easy way out,’ he contends. ‘I wasn’t looking just to plod away through these next two or three years. I have a lot of goals for myself — to win more trophies, more cups. I want to win a Treble and play in the Champions League these next couple of years. I’ve not signed a deal where I think: “Oh, that’s great, I can get my feet up”. ‘The manager will put pressure on me to keep improving, so I’ve got to show signs of doing that and that’s one of my goals — I want to get better as a player as I get older.’ Commons admits he is ‘three to four kilos’ lighter thanks to Deila’s demands that his players cut their body fat and admits he feels fitter as a result. Where Lennon would borrow from the likes of Martin O’Neill in allowing his players to freewheel on the proviso that they delivered on matchdays, Deila demands that, in his own words, his players are 24-hour athletes. Commons is desperate to win the competition, which has eluded him in his four years in Scotland . He may never boast a physique to rival Cristiano Ronaldo or Gareth Bale, but he has bought into the new manager’s philosophy — and regards the November win at Pittodrie as a pivotal moment for the new boss. ‘I think Aberdeen away was a big result, when big Virgil (van Dijk) scored in the last minute. I think that was a turning point. Even before that game we saw the benefits on the training field. ‘We are trying to play this high pressing game and everyone is looking to try and improve as much as possible, whether that is a 19-year-old kid that’s just come in or me at 31. ‘The manager wants everyone to make targets to get fit, get healthier, make better touches, make better decisions on the ball and things like that. It is just completely different from last year. ‘Then if you were doing well, it was a case of just keeping doing what you were doing. ‘Ronaldo, is this supreme athlete. He’s the pinnacle, isn’t he — he is the quickest, he can jump highest, he can score most goals. He probably has no fat. That is the target, so whatever I am over that, that is the target. ‘That is not just myself. Even Craig Gordon has had words about it, Nir Bitton and Charlie Mulgrew, too. ‘The manager has goals and aspirations. He wants to makes us better, not only as professionals, but as a team. He wants us to dominate domestically and then take that on to the European stage next year — and not just take part there, but put pressure on teams, especially away from home. ‘I think Inter Milan away we showed signs we are getting there. Even though we were down to 10 men, we showed a really gutsy performance.’ Hampden and the League Cup provided Kris Commons with a glorious Celtic debut yet, four years later, he is still waiting to get his hands on the trophy in celebration. Commons is battling a hamstring injury but hopes to be fit in time to face Dundee United on Sunday . Having completed his £300,000 move from Derby County a day earlier, Commons took just eight minutes to rifle home his first Celtic goal in the 2011 semi-final against Aberdeen. Yet although his spectacular strike set the tone for a largely fulfilling period of his career, he went on to suffer disappointment in the final as Rangers prevailed courtesy of Nikica Jelavic’s goal in extra-time. A year later and caught in a personal form slump, he was a substitute and restricted to the final four minutes as Celtic unsuccessfully tried to equalise Dieter van Tornhout’s shock winning goal for Kilmarnock. The past two seasons have seen St Mirren and Morton provide further misery as the trophy became the one honour to escape the clutches of Lennon. The glaring absence from his own medal collection was just one of the reasons Scotland’s reigning Player of the Year elected to sign a new contract in January and put an end to persistent talk that he was on his way out of the club. A hamstring injury has dogged Commons since he penned his new deal last month but he’s trained this week and, with Gary Mackay-Steven and Stuart Armstrong cup-tied, he looks a good bet to claim one of three attacking midfield slots in Deila’s team to face Dundee United. ‘I feel fine and I’m looking forward to playing — if selected,’ said Commons. ‘It’s the only cup I’ve not won in Scotland, so it’s a big deal. ‘I think Scott Brown is the only member of the squad who has won it.’ | Kris Commons has been a key member of Celtic squad for four years . Commons admits he struggled when Ronny Deila arrived . Deila put increased emphasis on fitness in new regime . But Commons has met his targets and is now back in the first team . |
What was Robert Metcalfe's impact on society? | While pursuing his doctorate in computer science, Metcalfe took a job with MIT's Project MAC after Harvard refused permission for him to connect the university to the then-new ARPAnet. At MAC, Metcalfe was responsible for building some of the hardware that would link MIT's minicomputers with ARPAnet. Metcalfe made ARPAnet the topic of his doctoral thesis, but Harvard initially rejected it. Metcalfe decided how to improve his thesis while working at Xerox PARC, where he read a paper about the ALOHA network at the University of Hawaii. He identified and fixed some of the bugs in the AlohaNet model, then added that work to his revised thesis. It was then accepted by Harvard, which granted his PhD.
Metcalfe was working at PARC in 1973 when he and David Boggs invented Ethernet, initially as a standard for connecting computers over short distances. He later recalled that Ethernet was born on May 22, 1973, the day he circulated a memo titled "Alto Ethernet" which contained a rough schematic of how it would work. "That is the first time Ethernet appears as a word, as does the idea of using coax as ether, where the participating stations, like in AlohaNet or ARPAnet, would inject their packets of data, they'd travel around at megabits per second, there would be collisions, and retransmissions, and back-off," Metcalfe explained. Boggs argued that another date was the birth of Ethernet: November 11, 1973, the first day the system actually functioned.
In 1979, Metcalfe departed PARC and co-founded 3Com, a manufacturer of computer networking equipment, in his Palo Alto apartment. 3Com became a leading provider of networking solutions, and Ethernet became the dominant networking standard for local area networks (LANs). In 1980 he received the ACM Grace Hopper Award for his contributions to the development of local networks, specifically Ethernet. In 1990, the 3Com board of directors appointed Éric Benhamou as CEO instead of Metcalfe, who then left the company. He spent 10 years as a publisher and pundit, writing an internet column for InfoWorld. In 1996, he co-founded Pop!Tech, an executive technology conference. He became a venture capitalist in 2001 and subsequently a general partner at Polaris Venture Partners.
From 2011 to 2021 he was a professor at The University of Texas at Austin's Cockrell School of Engineering, specializing in innovation initiatives. Metcalfe was a keynote speaker at the 2016 Congress of Future Science and Technology Leaders and in 2019 he presented the Bernard Price Memorial Lecture in South Africa. In June 2022, Metcalfe returned to MIT by joining the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory as a research affiliate and computational engineer, working with the MIT Julia Lab. | Robert Metcalfe was a successful entrepreneur, having started companies like 3Com and Pop!Tech. He was also a professor at the University of Texas and a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His biggest contribution, however, was the invention of Ethernet in 1973. This became the standard for wired internet connection, which is still used 50 years later. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Life in the fast lane: B2C's Nick Sayer on a £17,000 Harley-Davidson . The data Del Boy . Posing on a £17,000 Harley-Davidson, Nick Sayer soaks up the winter sun outside his holiday home in Florida. It is one of several shots of motorbikes, supercars and lavish holidays he has posted online in recent years…to the delight of his friends. For while pensioners are targeted every day by cold callers, the man who sold their personal data is apparently relishing the spoils. B2C director Sayer – who is nicknamed Del Boy – is among a group of bosses at the firm who have got rich quick by selling people’s most personal information. The 45-year-old father-of-two says he carries out his business from a ‘man cave’ in the garden of his home in Kent. He began his working life as a diver on oil rigs in Azerbaijan, before, he claims, he was set up in business by a Greek shipping billionaire. They ran a commercial diving company before he decided to make money for himself by selling personal data with a series of companies, most of which have been dissolved or liquidated. ‘For years I was called “oh, you’re just a Del Boy”,’ he said. ‘I work from home, I’ve got a little log cabin thing out in me garden, that’s where I kind of base me-self. ‘I don’t like being in the house, I just go out there. It’s a bit of a man cave really.’ While his garden office may be modest, Sayer’s other tastes are much more ostentatious. His Facebook page shows off images of nine sports cars as well as pictures of him skiing in Banff, Canada. Scroll down for video . The British-built TVR Tuscan Speed Six sports car which he pictures on a drive on his profile costs up to £50,000 and boasts a top speed of 180mph. The Harley-Davidson Road King motorbike he is seen on in one image costs £17,595 new. Sayer regularly holidays with his family at his villa in Kissimmee, Florida, which they rent out for £600 a week. The home has a games room, swimming pool and spa, five bedrooms and four bathrooms, all ‘fitted with luxury furnishings’. B2C director Sayer – who is nicknamed Del Boy and owns a five-bedroom holiday home in Florida (pictured) – is among a group of bosses at the firm who have got rich quick by selling people’s most personal information . Luxury: Sayer's Flordia home has a games room, swimming pool and spa, five bedrooms and four bathrooms . The fake cash fraudster . Also trading in people’s personal information for B2C is convicted fraudster Gary Doran, 36, who wanted the Mail’s undercover team to pay Sayer off the books. The Mancunian, who now lives in Marbella, was jailed for six months for fraud in 2004 for trying to use two fake £10 notes to buy vodka. A 23-year-old student at Manchester Metropolitan University at the time, he tried to buy drink with the fake money at the Queen of Hearts pub in Fallowfield. The barmaid rejected the notes and the police were called, later finding him with 15 other fake bank notes. After serving time in jail, he has since run several failing businesses with his father and brother from their family home in Manchester. Most recently, as sales director of B2C Data, he asked an undercover reporter from the Mail to buy data off the books as a ‘favour to a friend’. He wanted the money to be paid directly into Sayer’s personal account, as a way of avoiding tax. Sporting life: The 180mph British-built TVR Tuscan Speed Six sports car on the Sayer's Facebook page . Jet-setting boss who said he knew nothing . B2C owner Stephen Hogg insists his firm ‘do everything completely, totally and utterly by the book’. The jet-setting golfer was, however, completely oblivious to his staff offering to sell data tax free through their own accounts. He even had no idea Doran had previously served time for fraud. The 46-year-old lives with his wife Sarah, 43, and their children in a £400,000 five-bedroom house in Rushden, Northamptonshire. Last week, there were three cars on the driveway outside the large home in a secluded cul-de-sac. Hogg appears to have spent much of the past month playing golf at clubs across Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. He and his wife also go online to boast of their holidays to Portugal and Australia. ‘Holidays, bar, golf and no diet!, he wrote during one of his travels. The couple, who have two children, started B2C Data just three months after his previous data company Unique Prospects was dissolved. He said he has also shut another firm down in the past after ‘certain allegations’, before insisting ‘that wasn’t my company by the way’. When approached by the Mail about B2C’s activities, Hogg said: ‘We are a member of the ICO [Information Commissioner’s Office], and DMA [Direct Marketing Association]. We do everything correctly.’ When told his employees had offered to sell his company’s data off the books and that Doran is a convicted fraudster, he added: ‘You’ve just made me aware of two things that I need to go and talk to people about.’ He described B2C Data as ‘a legitimate business’ working within the law. Cold callers use a wide range of tricks to obtain people's personal data (picture posed by model) Will writing: Pensioners are often targeted by callers who offer will writing advice on the cheap. This is often a ploy to gain your trust and access as many personal details – including about your finances – as possible. The firms then try to sell high risk investments as ‘add-ons’. Charity surveys: A homeowner is called and asked to complete a survey for charity. They are told if they answer a certain number of questions, a pre-selected charity will be paid £10 or so – so many kind-hearted people naturally agree. However, all the answers are collated and sold on. ‘Validating’ your details: Marketing firms will call customers of a major brand and claim they need to ‘validate’ the details they hold. After asking the customer to confirm their name, address and phone number, however, many will go on to try to get you to complete a ‘lifestyle survey’. These questions are, in fact, sponsored by various other companies and details are sold on. Soft questions: Watch out for surveys starting with ‘easy’ questions. One firm admitted it starts surveys with questions anyone would answer – like do you have a television? Only later do the questions become more intrusive – about your earnings and the worth of your home. Computer updates: Scammers try to hack into PCs by pretending to be from Microsoft. Following their ‘updating’ instructions can allow them to take control of the computer remotely and capture personal data. No call lists: The telephone preference list, which should block cold callers, is a free service. Some firms will, however, try to charge you as much as £1.60 a month. Shares: With your financial details on file, some cold calling firms are able to see which companies you have shares in. As a result, scammers can pretend to be calling from the companies you have invested in and try to convince the homeowner to pass on more financial details. Prizes: Once they have your details, scammers are able to send you misleading letters saying you have won large cash prizes. There are often hidden costs in claiming this supposed prize, like making you call premium rate phone numbers. | Nick Sayer got rich quick selling people's most personal information . B2C director owns a £17,000 Harley-Davidson and a Florida holiday home . Sayer - nicknamed Del Boy - also owns a 180mph TVR sports car . 45-year-old father-of-two carries out business from a ‘man cave’ in Kent . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Reggie Bush will head back to his native California to fill the Frank Gore-sized hole in the 49ers backfield. The 30-year-old was cut by Detroit after two mixed years; the first inspired, the second injury-hit. ESPN first reported the deal after Bush opted not to join the New England Patriots. Concerns about fitness will plague the running back but when healthy he adds a threat on the ground and in the air. Reggie Bush trains with the Lions ahead of their game with the Atlanta Falcons in London last year . The 2005 Heisman Trophy winner was drafted second overall in the 2006 draft by the Saints. His five seasons in New Orleans yielded 33 touchdowns in 60 games and a Super Bowl victory. Bush moved to Miami Dolphins in 2011. He rushed for 2,072 yards, scoring 15 touchdowns over two seasons before joining the Lions in 2013. After going 8-8 and dispensing with Jim Harbaugh's services, the 49ers have undergone something of a facelift in the offseason. After a botched interview with Adam Gase, Jim Tomsula was promoted from defensive co-ordinator to head coach. And his short stint has seen the retirement of linebacker Patrick Willis, the loss of guard Mike Iupati to NFC West rivals Arizona and long-term staple Gore leave for Philadelphia. Cornerback Perrish Cox also departed to sign a bumper $15million three-year deal with Tennessee. The 49ers have added wide receiver Torrey Smith and defensive end Darnell Dockett and re-signed cornerback Chris Cook, as well as adding former rugby league sensation Jarryd Hayne to the roster. | Bush joins the 49ers after two seasons in Detroit . The running back is a threat on the ground as well as the air . But he was injured for the majority of last season with an ankle injury . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | New Zealand swing king Tim Southee says the Kiwis are ready to cut Australia down to size in the Cricket World Cup final on Sunday. Southee, who has taken 15 wickets for Brendon McCullum’s men in this tournament, insists his team are riding high on confidence and ready to upset their ‘big brothers’. As the co-hosts prepare to do battle at the MCG, Southee said: ‘The rivalry between Australia and New Zealand does cover every sport and is massive. Tim Southee is relishing the prospect of facing Australia in the World Cup final on Sunday . ‘We’re probably seen as the little brothers from across the ditch and we do quite well to compete. ‘Australia have had the wood on us in cricket over the last few years but we’re slowly starting to even that ledger. ‘But as a kid growing up it was always Australia you wanted to play against. ‘You always want to have one up over the big brothers.’ Before their thrilling victory over South Africa, New Zealand had lost each of their six World Cup semi-finals. But they have already beaten the Aussies in the outstanding match of the pool stage, with the Kiwis claiming a one-wicket win in Auckland. New Zealand practiced at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday in preparation for the final . McCullum’s enterprising team have sparked a sporting buzz which is normally reserved for the All Blacks, although the final will be their first away game of the competition. Expatriated Kiwis have travelled from all over the world to Melbourne, while Air New Zealand has chartered extra flights from Auckland. Southee (left) said: ‘We get to do what a lot of people that have gone before us haven’t been able to do, and they are now behind us. The support from back home has been amazing. I can’t explain what it’s like and what it has done for the team. Daniel Vettori will play his last ever ODI for New Zealand on Sunday in the World Cup final . ‘It’s a dream come true for all the guys. As a kid, you grow up either wanting to be an All Black or a Black Cap and the guys are very excited to fulfil a childhood dream. ‘Brendon speaks a lot about it being the time of our lives. We never want it to end. One more big push and I’m sure it’s something the guys will remember forever. ‘It doesn’t get any better than taking on Australia in Australia at one of the best cricket grounds in the world.’ Australia captain Michael Clarke admitted after his side’s semi-final victory over India that defeat to New Zealand last month was ‘a kick up the backside’. Clarke said: ‘The fact that the two hosting nations are in the final is extremely special. ‘There’s a great mutual respect between both teams. New Zealand will take confidence that they’ve beaten us in the tournament. ‘But that was the turning point in this tournament for the Australian team. ‘The boys have got out of bed every single day to try to become better and you’ve seen that in our results. We’ve been improving every game and that will hold us in really good stead.’ New Zealand batsman Kane Williamson practices his football skills during the training session in Melbourne . New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum in the nets just outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Grant Elliott has a throw at the stumps in a fielding drill during New Zealand's practice session . New Zealand captain McCullum and fast bowler Trent Boult share a joke during their practice session . New Zealand's lethal opening duo of Boult (left) and Southee (right) practice in Melbourne . The 100,000 capacity Melbourne Cricket Ground will provide a fitting venue for Sunday's showpiece . | Tim Southee says the Kiwis are ready to cut Australia down to size . Southee claims his team are riding high on confidence ahead of final . Kiwis have already beaten the Aussies during this World Cup . New Zealand beat Australia by one wicket earlier in the tournament . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Fernando Alonso has declared himself 'ready to go' ahead of facing one final hurdle prior to his return to Formula One in Malaysia this weekend. The double world champion missed the opening round of the season in Australia following a crash in his McLaren in the second pre-season test in Barcelona in which he sustained concussion. Alonso has since undergone numerous tests and examinations to ensure he is fit to step back into the cockpit of his car, with a final medical assessment by the FIA due to be conducted on Thursday at the Sepang International Circuit. Fernando Alonso has declared himself fit after recovering from concussion for the Malaysian Grand Prix . Given the heat and high humidity in Malaysia the FIA will also be eager to satisfy itself Alonso will be able to cope with the conditions. The Spaniard is adamant he is fine as he said: 'I've been working hard on my fitness and I feel good and ready to go this weekend. 'The heat in Malaysia is always very tough for the drivers, but I've been focusing on this in my training and I'm definitely prepared for all of the weather conditions we can face in Sepang.' The Spaniard suffered the concussion after being involved in a serious crash during testing . Alonso was airlifted to hospital and didn't take part in the opening race of the Formula One season in Australia . Should Alonso return he faces an immediate uphill struggle given the lack of performance of McLaren, now reunited and powered again by Honda. After stand-in Kevin Magnussen retired on the formation lap with a technical issue in Melbourne, Jenson Button went on to see the chequered flag at Albert Park, only to finish two laps down on race-winner Lewis Hamilton in 11th and last place. Aware of the difficulties to come, Alonso added: 'I watched the weekend in Australia very closely and I was in touch with the team from the moment they arrived. After leaving Ferrari to sign with McLaren-Honda, the Spaniard will be hoping to get the all clear to race . 'It's clear we have a lot of work ahead of us, but Jenson's result in Melbourne was encouraging from the point of view of reliability and data collection, which are extremely important. 'The weekend will still be tough, but I'm looking forward to getting into the car for the first time in a grand prix and getting back to racing. 'I've spent some time in the simulator back at the factory, and my focus will be on continuing the development of our package with my engineers, and working on our balance and race set-up. 'There's a lot of potential in the car and we will keep pushing every race until we see results. 'Although we are a long way from the front, everyone in McLaren-Honda is working hard to develop the package and keep building momentum with each race.' | Fernando Alonso has declared himself fit for the Malaysian Grand Prix . The Spaniard suffered a concussion while in testing for McLaren-Honda . Alonso was prevented from racing in the Formula One opener in Australia . Click here for all the latest Formula One news . |
What is the largest city in the United Kingdom? | London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries.[note 1] The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London, which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.[note 2] | London is the largest and capital city of the United Kingdom. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Herediano player was reportedly left requiring hospital treatment after an off-the-ball kick to the head during the CONCAFAF Champions League semi-final between the Costa Rican club and Club America. The feisty game descended into a mass brawl lasting five minutes after Club America midfielder Michael Arroyo left Herediano's Cristhiam Lagos on the floor with a nasty tackle in the 24th minute. However, while players argued the referee missed what is believed to have been an unintentional but full blooded kick at Lagos' head by Club America defender Paolo Goltz in an effort to clear the ball from near the prone striker. Cristhiam Lagos (right) is unintentionally booted i the face by Club America defender Paolo Goltz . The Herediano striker was initially fouled by Michael Arroyo in the 24th minute . A mass brawl between both sets of players erupts on the field after the tackle . While Lagos rolls on the ground, the Club America defender tries to make a clearance . Goltz's attempted clearance connects solidly with Lagos' head in what is believed to be an accident . Lagos lies prone on the floor after being kicked and reportedly fainted in the dressing room later . Arroyo was eventually sent off but Goltz escaped punishment - while Lagos was left nursing a bloodied nose but continued to play on before being replaced by Argentine Jonathan Hansen after 78minutes. According to Diez, Lagos later fainted in the dressing room before being taken to hospital where he spent the night undergoing tests for brain damage. The Herediano club doctor Alvaro Mora later confirmed the 30-year-old had suffered only a broken nose and would soon be released from care, although he is expected to spend a spell on the sidelines. Arroyo received a red card for the initial tackle but Goltz escaped punishment for the missed kick . Lagos played on until the 78th minute but reportedly spent the night in hospital undergoing tests for brain damage before being cleared with only a broken nose . The Costa Rica side went on to win the first leg tie 3-0 after making use of their numerical advantage with two goals from Esteban Ramírez and a late third from Lagos' replacement Hansen on 82minutes. The return leg for a place in the final will take place at the Azteca Stadium on April 8. In the sceond semi-final Montreal Impact defeated Alajuelense 2-0 to . | Herediano beat Club America 3-0 in CONCAFAF Champions League clash . Michael Arroyo was sent off for foul on Herediano's Cristhiam Lagos . Lagos was unintentionally kicked in the head by Paolo Goltz during five minute brawl that followed . Lagos reportedly fainted in the dressing room before being taken to hospital but is expected to recover after suffering a broken nose . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Eddie Howe saw his free-scoring Bournemouth side rack up another five goals against Fulham and joked: 'Thankfully we don't pay goal bonuses!' The country's top scorers marched back to the top of the Sky Bet Championship courtesy of two goals apiece from Brett Pitman and Matt Ritchie followed by a late cracker from Steve Cook to seal a thumping 5-1 victory. 'I'm delighted with the win,' said Cherries boss Howe. 'We felt it was going to be a difficult fixture when you see players Fulham have, but we started well, we were very positive, we scored at good times and could have scored more. Bournemouth manager Eddie Howe has joked that he is happy not to have to pay out goal bonuses . Bournemouth players celebrate Steve Cook's (second left) goal during the 5-1 away win against Fulham . 'Thankfully we don't have goal bonuses in the contracts. We took them out.' Pitman, only in the side due to an injury to Yann Kermorgant - who hit both goals in their midweek victory over Wolves - got the ball rolling just before the half-hour mark with his first goal since Boxing Day. Ritchie doubled the advantage before half-time with a deflected effort and Pitman helped himself to a fine solo goal on the hour. Matt Smith pulled one back with his first goal in Fulham colours, but any hopes of a home comeback were extinguished when Fernando Amorebieta was sent off for fouling Callum Wilson and Ritchie blasted in the resulting free-kick. Cook then crashed in number five with six minutes remaining to put the icing on the cake for the Cherries, who made it back-to-back victories after five games without a win to put their promotion bid right back on track. Bournemouth striker Callum Wilson (centre) rounds Fulham goalkeeper Marcus Bettinelli (right) Brett Pitman (centre) breaks away with the ball for Bournemouth while Fulham's Scott Parker (right) chases . 'During the five games we didn't win the performance levels were still strong,' added Howe. 'I didn't think there was anything wrong with the team and I think we have proved that. When we have that ruthlessness we are hard to stop. 'The lead has changed so many times it's almost become the tag no one wants. That's been the nature of it and it may stay that way until the end of the season, so back-to-back wins are so important.' Fulham, by contrast, are looking over their shoulders at the relegation battle - their cushion could be cut to five points by Saturday evening. 'It looked like top against bottom,' admitted manager Kit Symons. 'All credit to Bournemouth but we are bitterly disappointed with the performance. 'Until we are mathematically safe we have to get as many points as we can. We are conscious of what's below us. No one is under any illusions, you only have to look at the table. Everyone is fully aware of where we are.' Matt Ritchie (centre) scored a brace as the Cherries moved top of the Sky Bet Championship table . | Bournemouth beat Fulham 5-1 at Craven Cottage on Friday night . The Cherries moved to top of the Championship table on goal difference . Manager Eddie Howe joked he was happy not to pay out scoring bonuses . |
Who is the company Novartis | Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022. | Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).
Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A cat got his head stuck in an outdoor toilet and had to spend a night in subzero temperatures before being rescued by firefighters. The black moggy was discovered in a public toilet in Simferopol, on the Crimean peninsula, by a resident taking her rubbish out to a bin. Rescuers were called quickly - but they had to lift him by the tail and use a pole and hammer to remove him. Scroll down for video . A cat got his head stuck in an outdoor toilet and had to spend a night in subzero temperatures before being rescued in Simferopol, Crimea . Nina Kharitonova, 45, said: 'I was woken up at night by the sound of a cat meowing but I just assumed it was having a fight or something. 'The next morning I went out to empty some rubbish and I could still hear it so I followed the noise into the toilet and saw this poor animal with its bottom in the air and its head down the loo. 'He was shivering with cold. I am surprised he didn't freeze to death during the night as it had been so cold.' Rescuers used a long black pole and a small hammer to chip away a section of ceramic. Once they got a section free they delicately tugged the rest of the base from around the cat's neck. Once they got a section free they delicately tugged the rest of the base from around the black cat's neck . At one point it didn't look like the base of the toilet would ever come off - but luckily it did . One of the rescuers, Alexey Petrenko, said they had to be careful not to break the cat's neck. The 53-year-old said: 'We gently chipped away at the surrounding area and I held him up by his tail while my friend freed him. 'It took about two minutes and he was so cold he could barely stand so I took him home, gave him some milk and put the fire on to warm him up. 'After two hours he seemed happy enough and back to normal and I let him go.' The whole rescue took about two minutes. The cat was given milk and put near a fire to warm up for two hours afterwards . | Used a long pole and a hammer to rescue the cat in Simferopol, Crimea . It is not known how he became stuck with his head down the toilet . The cat was uninjured and put near a fire with milk to warm up . |
What are the primary causes of climate change? | In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices increase greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane. Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming. | The primary physical causes or drivers of climate change are:
- Humans burning fossil fuels
- Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
- Aerosols such as sulfur dioxide, organic carbon, black carbon and ammonia |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)A decade ago al Qaeda would meet potential recruits face to face; now ISIS engages in one-to-one dialogue while sat 2,000 miles away. With what it says is a $2 billion budget, the group produces slick videos in which sexy bearded jihadists are paraded as potential husbands and burka-clad jihadi brides carry Kalashnikovs while extolling the virtues of the utopian Caliphate and a "guaranteed ticket to paradise." Aqsa Mahmood, 19, left home for university one morning in November 2013 never to return. Instead of going to classes, she travelled to Syria; last February she married a jihadi fighter, and since then she has become a notorious poster girl for ISIS. What is so unusual about Aqsa is that she was given every chance in life: privately educated and offered freedoms that many other Muslim girls would envy. And while most were quick to condemn the Mahmood family for missing the signs of radicalization, 18 months on they remain none the wiser as to what prompted her to run away -- Aqsa's parents had actually warned their children of the need to avoid extremist websites. Following the terror attacks in London on July 7, 2005, the then Prime Minister Tony Blair insisted those responsible were motivated by an "evil ideology," a "perversion of Islam that promoted absurd grievances," and that they had nothing to do with the war in Iraq, but he was wrong: the Iraq "adventure" opened the gates of hell, and today young Muslims are being seduced by an updated narrative. For over a decade mosque leaders have been asked to eradicate extremism but they are no more than glorified gatekeepers whose lives bear little relevance to those of most modern day Muslims. The need to tackle radical preachers has crushed political debate and created a dangerous vacuum which is now being filled outside of mosques. Every new atrocity is invariably followed by useless public statements of sorrow from so-called "Muslim leaders," further increasing the anger felt by the younger community -- successfully drawing young Muslims away from the path of violence takes more than routine declarations that "Islam is a religion of peace." It is easy enough to dismiss the words of wannabe radical jihadists as little more than the posturing of nihilistic adolescents, but the steady stream of recruits to ISIS cannot be ignored. Several years ago al Qaeda recruitment propaganda included videos of men with long beards ranting in Arabic in front of a black flag, followed by grainy footage of a truck blowing up as it drove towards Americans. It wasn't particularly effective as a recruitment tool, but then they only needed a handful of recruits to change our society for ever. Today ISIS runs a powerful, slick, modern social media machine distributing messages daily across many different platforms. Their propaganda contains the same violent, distorted interpretation of Islam but it is more advanced than anything al Qaeda ever produced, and the authorities cannot police it or compete with it. For many, the greatest shock has been young girls like Aqsa wanting to leave behind their Western comforts and freedoms to join ISIS, but why should it be a surprise that young Muslim women are as angry as their male counterparts? There is no single road map to recruitment, but for a teenager becoming a Jihadi bride or fighter is much more appealing than becoming a suicide bomber, however distorted that logic may seem to us. Full of adolescent frustration, young Muslims are being lured into a romanticized and glamorous world which bears no relation to the misery actually inflicted by ISIS. It doesn't matter if the narrative is false, because ISIS is winning the propaganda war: the inability of the mainstream to deal with the anger felt by the Muslim community provides cannon fodder for the hatemongers. ISIS is left unchallenged on double standards of foreign policy, Israel, rendition, torture, or Assad's reign, which has left 200,000 dead, because there is nothing that Western governments can say without being accused of duplicity and double standards. Aqsa's family describe her as a "bedroom radical" of the type the British Government has been desperate to combat by trying to shut down websites and social media. Yet last year the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence found "little evidence to support the contention that the internet plays a dominant role in the process of radicalization." A concentration on social media avoids the real world social relationships which help create terrorists. Many young Muslim people asserting their identity in an Islamophobic society detest the hypocrisy of their elders, whose cultural and sectarian traditions they consider irrelevant to modern day Islam. While mosques pay lip service to the "brotherhood of man" they exclude 50% of the community by discouraging women from attending, and anyone below the age of fifty is told to shut up and show respect. As for racial unity, it is at best tokenistic and at worst institutionally racist. Young British Muslims live a schizophrenic existence, stuck between their immigrant parents' cultural identity and that of the West which doesn't want them. Extremists exploit this identity crisis by offering them a new life. Most parents wouldn't know if their teenagers were drinking or having sex, let alone being groomed by ISIS; many young Muslims -- already adept at living a double life -- will hide their digital footprint in exactly the same way. In many cases, there is tremendous relief for parents when a teenager comes home one day and announces she is becoming religious, rather than saying she is pregnant or on drugs, but it also gives rise to a false sense of security. The failure to deal with the grooming of underage girls by ISIS is a child protection issue: when a paedophile makes contact with a child, he builds up trust over several months, convincing the child not discuss anything with her parents. When the time is right he convinces the child to leave her family and join him. The process is identical in radicalization by ISIS. Thousands of young people across Europe are at risk of being trafficked to Syria for marriage and holy war. In any other situation, they would be regarded as children -- yet pin the ISIS label on them and the knee jerk reaction is one of condemnation. The exploitation of the politics of fear combined with tougher terror laws has created a climate of fear for Muslims who are portrayed as threatening a "civilized" way of life. We are quick to forget recent history: the disastrous treatment of the Catholic community in Northern Ireland produced a sense of burning injustice which acted as a recruiting sergeant for the IRA for more than four decades. Today, Muslims are being dealt with in the same way. | Lawyer Aamer Anwar says ISIS's recruitment tactics differ widely from those of al Qaeda . ISIS engages in one-to-one dialogue with potential jihadis while sat 2,000 miles away: Anwar . Group runs a slick, modern social media machine distributing messages on different platforms . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | George North should be stopped from playing rugby until the World Cup in September after suffering his third bout of concussion in four months. That is the view of former Scotland full back Rory Lamont, who fears for the Wales and Northampton winger’s long-term health after revealing his own battle against depression as a result of multiple head injuries. North was left unconscious in Friday night’s Aviva Premiership fixture against Wasps and Lamont, knocked out 12 times during his career, is convinced the 22-year-old has been ‘let down.' Rory Lamont reveals he battled depression after suffering 12 concussion during his rugby career . The weight of impact required to cause a bout of concussion reduces the more times a player suffers head injuries. Yet there are indications that North could still play against Clermont Auvergne in the Champions Cup quarter-final on Saturday. ‘It’s a complete disgrace that it’s got to this stage,’ Lamont told Sportsmail. ‘George has been let down. That a player can still be exposed to this at the top level is crazy. They’ve tipped him over the edge now because he’s had too many concussions in a short period of time. He should take six months out, but even then he will be increasingly susceptible. ‘I’ve got metal plates in my jaw, cheekbone and eye socket, but it’s the unseen damage that worries me. There are still moments during the day when I can’t remember my best friend’s name. I went through depression, irritability and lack of form after these knocks. George North was knocked out again and was forced off after a clash with Nathan Hughes of Wasps . ‘I nearly walked away from the game in 2008 and, if I’d had the same information that’s mainstream today, I probably would have. If the brain is gone, you’re just left with an empty vessel.’ North, who was concussed when playing against the All Blacks in November, remarked that ‘rugby is not tiddlywinks’ after he was knocked out twice against England last month. ‘There’s this standard bravado attitude,’ said 32-year-old Lamont, who believes there is a cultural problem that needs to be addressed. ‘George is right: it’s not tiddlywinks. But this is brain damage we’re talking about and it can lead to early onset dementia. Lamont has been knocked out 12 times and has suffered because of the multiple head injuries . 'Players don’t want to dig in and face up to the dangers. They have committed themselves to this career and they love it — it’s so much fun. There’s a wilful ignorance because you don’t want to accept the thing you love might end up killing you. ‘I know an England international who suffered a few concussions in one season and now, as a result, he suffers panic attacks. But he’s still playing because the thought of stopping is too scary. The money is coming in and he’s hanging out with his mates every day. ‘The players just aren’t educated: a lot of my friends are still playing and their knowledge of the long-term implications is shocking.’ North was unable to continue and Lamont thinks that he should be prevented from playing until the World Cup . North’s latest concussion occurred when he was caught by the knee of Wasps No 8 Nathan Hughes, who was shown a red card and will face an RFU disciplinary panel this evening. After the game Northampton issued a statement, saying: ‘North will continue to be monitored by the Saints’ experienced medical team throughout the weekend. ‘As with everyone in the squad, Northampton Saints place the highest importance on player welfare and as such North will see a specialist early next week for an assessment.’ Wales medical manager Prav Mathema has also been in dialogue with Northampton’s doctors over the weekend. There was immediate concern for North after the incident and Hughes was shown a red card for the clash . Any subsequent decisions will be highly scrutinised, with North’s double blow against England becoming one of the most controversial incidents of the RBS Six Nations. The WRU were cleared of any wrongdoing after North was allowed to stay on the field but Lamont, whose countryman Tim Visser signed for Harlequins yesterday, feels the World Rugby body need to take a more pro-active stance. Return-to-play protocols permit players to be available for selection within six days if they are symptom free, while boxers face a mandatory, 90-day stand-down if they lose consciousness for less than a minute. ‘We need to preserve George’s career and life after his career,’ said Lamont. George North suffered concussion against England in the Six Nations but played on for the rest of the match . ‘But I just don’t know if rugby is going to manage him properly. Even if he passes all the assessments, they are far too flawed. There will be great pressure to get him fit for the business end of the season but you’re playing with fire. He needs to be protected from his club and country. Independent experts need to make the decision. ‘Far too much faith is put in the protocols. When a player gets concussed it should be an absolute minimum of 21 days’ rest. There’s no way they should be playing six days later. A bruised leg doesn’t recover in six days and a bruised brain certainly doesn’t. ‘Because we can’t see a bruised brain, people don’t look at it the same way. It’s utter nonsense and business aspects are prioritised above player welfare. There is no room for error.’ | Rory Lamont thinks George North shouldn't play rugby until the World Cup . The winger was knocked out cold playing for club side Northampton . North has suffered concussion three times in the past year . Lamont suffered from depression after being knocked out 12 times . Click here for all the latest rugby union news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Luiz showed that the good feeling of Wednesday's win over his former club is still going after posting an Instagram photograph with his younger Paris Saint-Germain team mates Mory Diaw and Mike Maigan. The ex-Chelsea star played a key role in his new side's extra time victory - despite the Zlatan Ibrahimovic being sent off in the second half. Labeling them with his trademark #geezers, the £50million defender looked relaxed and posted the image with the caption, 'With future goalkeepers PSG.' David Luiz (left) posted the photo with PSG goalkeepers Mory Diaw and Mike Maigan on his Instagram . The defender has come under scrutiny from his former employer's fans after he broke his promise of not celebrating if he was to score. 'I'm sorry for the emotion I showed,' said the defender, 27. 'It was difficult because I was so happy to win, but I was also happy at Chelsea.' Luiz scored a thumping header late in the second half to send the game to extra time before running over to the away fans and celebrating with the passion and emotion Chelsea might well wish they had. David Luiz (centre) celebrated his equaliser in front of the away fans despite his promise he wouldn't . The Brazilian was in excellent form against his former club and also came close with a dipping free kick . | David Luiz posted the photo of his Instagram page of the two young Paris Saint-Germain goalkeepers Mory Diaw and Mike Maigan . The former Chelsea defender has apologised for celebrating his goal . PSG beat Chelsea on away goals in the Champions League quarters . Click here for all the latest Chelsea news . |
What programming languages does freeCodeCamp teach to students? | freeCodeCamp (also referred to as Free Code Camp) is a non-profit organization that consists of an interactive learning web platform, an online community forum, chat rooms, online publications and local organizations that intend to make learning web development accessible to anyone. Beginning with tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript, students progress to project assignments that they complete either alone or in pairs. Upon completion of all project tasks, students are partnered with other nonprofits to build web applications, giving the students practical development experience. | freeCodeCamp is a non-profit organization that has tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | David Beckham has thrown his backing behind under-pressure Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti ahead of a crucial El Clasico against Barcelona, listing the Italian coach as one of the best bosses he has played under. Real go into Sunday's showdown a point behind their fierce rivals from Catalonia, and talk has even surfaced that Ancelotti could lose his job should they fall further behind in the title race. A difficult year for the European champions saw them surrender the title lead to Barcelona and then struggle to make it through to the Champions League quarter-finals with a tight win over Schalke. David Beckham has thrown his backing behind under-pressure Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti . The Real boss goes into Sunday's El Clasico a point behind Barcelona and his position has been questioned . But despite their struggles, former Real midfielder Beckham believes Ancelotti remains the right man for the job after leading Los Blancos to their 10th Champions League win just 10 months ago. 'Is he the right man for the job? For me he is,' Beckham told AS. 'Because he knows how to get respect out of the players, he knows how to get the best out of the players – and the players respect him, as does everybody in the football world. Beckham labelled Ancelotti as one of the best managers he has worked under after their time at PSG . Ancelotti and Beckham had previously paired up during the England midfielder's loan spell with AC Milan . 'I love Carlo, he's one of the best people I've ever spent time with, one of the best managers I've ever been managed by. He's a manager who has humility, he has so much passion for the game, he's a winner, he's always been successful wherever he has gone and for me, he's not just one of the nicest people in the world but also one of the best managers I have ever played under. 'To see the success he has already had at Real Madrid for me is incredible and not surprising. I look at him as a person and as a manager – as a person, you can't get any better and as a manager, the same. He's one of the best.' Ancelotti lifts the European Cup at the end of last season, but Real have struggled to match expectations . Beckham's time at the Bernabeu ended with a La Liga title before he moved to play for LA Galaxy in America . | Carlo Ancelotti is under pressure after a poor run of results at Real Madrid . Italian coach leads his side into Sunday's El Clasico against Barcelona . Real are one point off the top of La Liga and still in the Champions League . David Beckham says Ancelotti is one of best coaches he's played under . He wants his former club to keep the boss who is doing a 'good job' READ: Lionel Messi has overtaken Cristiano Ronaldo as world's best . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Need some help and inspiration deciding who to back at Cheltenham? Sportsmail's Peter Scudamore and Marcus Townend reveal their favourites while Sky Sports News HQ presenter Alex Hammond and other celebrities have also shared their tips for the Festival. PETER SCUDAMORE . Eight-time champion jockey and rider of 13 Festival winners . DOUVAN . (Supreme Novices’ Hurdle, 1.30) Rated one of the best horses Irish trainer Willie Mullins has brought to the meeting, which is saying something. Having beaten some very decent opposition without coming off the bridle, it is impossible to truly measure his merit but the vibes are strong and he should be able to successfully start what could be an amazing afternoon for Mullins and his stable jockey Ruby Walsh. L’Ami Serge looks best of the British but that might not be good enough. BEST ODDS: 13-8 . Douvan, pictured at the gallops, is rated one of the best horses Willie Mullins has brought to the meeting . UN DE SCEAUX . (Arkle Challenge Trophy Chase, 2.05) Another Mullins-trained hot-pot. Fell when clear on his steeplechasing debut but has since pulverised some good performers including Tuesday’s rival Clarcam by 15 lengths in January. Some fear his temperament might get the better of him given the atmosphere but he was far more tractable for Walsh on that last run. BEST ODDS: 8-13 . THE NEW ONE . (Champion Hurdle, 3.20) My pick to derail the Mullins bandwagon by beating hot favourite Faugheen and his two-time champion stablemate Hurricane Fly. Some say the gelding trained by Nigel Twiston-Davies and ridden by his son Sam wasn’t as unlucky as he looked last year when almost brought down at the third hurdle and his failure to keep up on the run to the home turn was crucial. But that ignores how significant a loss of momentum and rhythm can be in a top-quality race. BEST ODDS: 7-2 . ANNIE POWER . (OLBG mares’ hurdle, 4.00) Mullins has won this race with Quevega for the last six years and this mare, whose only career defeat came in last year’s World Hurdle, could be even better. Kept off the track all season by injury but only needs to be near her best to beat a field of inferior rivals. BEST ODDS: 8-13 . The New One is Peter Scudamore's tip to beat favourite Faugheen and Hurricane Fly . MARCUS TOWNEND . SEEDLING . (Supreme Novices’ Hurdle, 1.30) Fair form last season but really flourished this term winning all three races. That includes giving weight and a length-and-a-half beating to Tuesday’s rival Some Plan at Cheltenham in December. The run looks even better when you factor in his bad jumping error at the fourth flight. Trainer Warren Greatrex has his string back in good form after quiet spell. BEST ODDS: 20-1 . SGT RECKLESS . (Arkle Challenge Trophy, 2.05) Lacks experience, racing over fences only once when winning at Uttoxeter in October having been kept away from the worst of the winter ground. Winning a Flat race on the all-weather is unconventional preparation but Mick Channon’s gelding was a fast finishing fourth in last year’s Supreme Novices’ Hurdle and has frame claims if he can pounce off a strong pace set by favourite Un De Sceaux. BEST ODDS: 16-1 . L’UNIQUE . (OLBG Mares’ Hurdle, 4.00) Annie Power is the red-hot favourite for the race but Alan King’s L’Unique looks a great each-way option. She is a Grade One winner who peaks in the spring and was third in this race last year. She also has a decent weight pull for her course defeat by Polly Peachum. BEST ODDS: 16-1 . Sgt Reckless was a fast finishing fourth in last year's Supreme Novices' Hurdle . Sky Sports' Alex Hammond is backing The New One . AND THE CELEBS... Here's who the celebs are backing in the Champion Hurdle. ............................................................................ SIR PETER O’SULLEVAN - Legendary racing commentator . JEZKI . Faugheen might be anything but at the prices, last year’s winner looks the each-way bet. ............................................................................ JAMES SIMPSON-DANIEL - Former rugby union star turned bookmaker . FAUGHEEN . I have been a fan all season and those who say he has beaten nothing are wrong. ........................................................................... HAYLEY TURNER - Professional jockey . FAUGHEEN . Willie Mullins’ star gelding is one of my strongest fancies for the whole of the Festival week. ALEX HAMMOND - Sky Sports News HQ presenter . THE NEW ONE . Unlucky in this race last year and I prefer to back a proven hurdler rather than one with potential. He should have a better race this time round. IWAN THOMAS - Former 400m athlete and TV presenter . FAUGHEEN . The popular choice but I hope he can live up to the nickname ‘Faugheen the Machine’. | Peter Scudamore is backing Douvan for the Supreme Novices' Hurdle . Marcus Townend has tipped Sgt Reckless for Arkle Challenge Trophy . Sky Sports News HQ presenter Alex Hammond fancies The New One . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Prince of Wales described becoming a first-time grandfather as ‘a unique moment in anyone’s life', pictured at George's christening in 2013 . Following the birth of Prince George, the Prince of Wales described the experience of becoming a first-time grandfather as ‘a unique moment in anyone’s life’. But nearly two years after this very public display of affection, Charles is said to have become increasingly perplexed about the peripheral role he occupies in the young Prince’s life. At the heart of the heir-to-the-throne’s frustrations is the so-called ‘Middletonisation’ of his son William’s life — specifically the inordinate amount of time he spends with his in-laws Michael and Carole, with whom he recently holidayed in Mustique for Carole’s 60th. In fact, so vexed is Charles about the so-called ‘March of the Middletons’ that he has complained to friends: ‘They never let me see my grandson.’ Adds a source: ‘Carole has rather taken over, dictating when George naps, when and what he eats. All in all, behaving like she’s Queen Carole.’ It is certainly true there have been few, if any, trips to Charles’s Gloucestershire home Highgrove over the past year. Some think it’s a deliberate move on William’s part to protect his young family from suffering the same stiff, and often unhappy, upbringing he endured. Certainly, Carole, who is the granddaughter of a miner and was brought up in a council house, is not thought to enjoy any particularly strong bonds with Charles’s wife, Camilla. Most of William and Kate’s time is spent at their Norfolk home, Anmer Hall, on the Queen’s Sandringham estate, where the Prince has been busy revising for his Air Transport Pilot’s Licence. The Middletons are frequent visitors and play an active role in the household. They stayed there over Christmas, when William pointedly hosted lunch for them on Christmas Day rather than eat with the Queen, as is traditional. Last month, it emerged that William’s housekeeper and gardener had abruptly quit after just five months at Anmer. Scroll down for video . Prince Charles is said to be frustrated at the so-called ‘Middletonisation’ of his son William’s life — specifically the inordinate amount of time he spends with his in-laws Michael and Carole (pictured) The Prince of Wales has complained to friends saying they never let me see my grandson (right) The couple, Amy and Colin Wood, have returned to their previous jobs at Sandringham. ‘Staff have complained that Anmer is not run like a proper royal household,’ says my source. ‘It is too middle class.’ Yesterday, when asked when Charles had last seen little George, a Clarence House spokesman unusually issued a statement: ‘We would not comment on the specifics of private arrangements. ‘His Royal Highness enjoys an excellent relationship with his grandson.’ The Middleton's pictured with the Royal family, including Prince Charles, at George's Christening in 2013 . | Prince of Wales is said to be frustrated that he never sees his grandson . He has complained to friends about the so-called 'March of the Middletons' Charles is vexed about the inordinate amount of time spent with in-laws . A source said: 'Carole has rather taken over... behaving like she's Queen' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Pakistan boosted their chances of reaching the Cricket World Cup quarter-finals by defeating the United Arab Emirates by 129 runs in Napier. A second-wicket partnership of 160 between Ahmed Shehzad (93) and Haris Sohail (70) and a quick-fire 65 from captain Misbah-ul-Haq helped Pakistan amass 339 for six in their 50 overs, and although the UAE lost only eight wickets in their reply, they made just 210, leaving them well short of their target. Victory at McLean Park moved Pakistan up to fourth in Pool B at the expense of Ireland, with the two sides going head to head in Adelaide on March 15. Pakistan's Ahmed Shehzad hits out during his innings of 93 in their World Cup victory over the UAE . Shehzad anchored the Pakistan innings with 93 as his team posted a total of 339 for six in Napier . Haris Sohail also made 70 runs as Pakistan set a large total in Napier, ultimately winning by 129 runs . Pakistan captain Misbah Ul Haq chipped in with a quickfire 65 as the runs racked up . Pakistan's total would have been challenging for an established nation, let alone an associate, although they did not get off to the best of starts. The match was only 3.3 overs old when Nasir Jamshed went looking to pull and succeeded only in skying Manjula Guruge's short delivery to mid-on to depart for four. Sohail joined Shehzad at the crease and it was not long before the scoreboard began to tick over, with the Pakistan total passing 100 in the 23rd over. Shehzad, dropped in the seventh and eighth overs, lifted Amjad Javed over the ropes for the first six of the match at the end of the 16th over and was raising his bat to celebrate fifty - his 11th in ODIs - in the 24th over. Sohail joined his batting partner in passing the half-century mark in the very next over off Mohammad Tauqir - which also pushed their partnership past the 100-run mark. Pakistan celebrate at the end of their 129-run victory in Napier, which boosts their quarter-final chances . Pakistan moved up to fourth in Pool B ahead of Ireland, whom they play in Adelaide on March 15 . Misbah-ul-Haq pulls the ball away for four during Pakistan's innings as the UAE were batted out of the match . Sohail clubbed Krishna Chandran to the mid-wicket boundary as the partnership passed 150 at the start of the 32nd over but his time at the crease came to an end in the next over as he mis-hit Mohammad Naveed to mid-on to depart for 70 from 83 balls. Shehzad was run out for 93, from 105 balls, shorty afterwards but with captain Misbah joining Sohaib Maqsood in the middle, Pakistan were well set on 176 for three with 15.5 overs to play. Misbah and Maqsood put on 75 runs in 8.5 overs for the fourth wicket, but their quick-fire partnership ended in the 43rd over with Pakistan on 251 as Maqsood, having made 45 from 31 deliveries, clubbed to backward point where Rohan Mustafa juggled repeatedly before taking the catch. Misbah continued to score freely after Maqsood's departure and brought up his 41st ODI fifty at the end of the 46th over before he and Umar Akmal (19) fell to Guruge in the penultimate over. UAE opener Andri Berenger walks off after being dismissed by Sohail Khan for two runs . Sohail Khan celebrates after taking one of his two wickets as the UAE were reduced to 210 for eight . Pakistan's Rahat Ali (left) celebrates with his team-mates after removing Amjad Ali for 14 runs . Shahid Afridi clubbed 21 runs from seven balls in the closing stages to pass 8,000 runs in ODI cricket as Pakistan set UAE an unlikely target of 340 to win the match. Rahat Ali drew first blood for Pakistan in the seventh over of UAE's innings when Amjad Ali (14) chopped on to his own stumps to leave the associate nation on 19 for one. The score had not changed when Sohail Khan tricked Andri Berenger into edging behind five balls later to leave UAE two down and facing an uphill battle. Their challenge became even more difficult when Krishna Chandran offered a leading edge to give Khan his second wicket and leave UAE struggling on 25 for three after 10 overs. Shehzad's innings came to an end when he was run out by Shaiman Anwar . The UAE players celebrate after taking the wicket of Pakistan batsman Sohaib Maqsood . But Khurram Khan and Shaiman Anwar posted 83 to steady the ship, before the former was caught at backward square leg off Maqsood, going for 43. Anwar progressed for a third ODI 50 off 75 balls, but when he holed out to Afridi for 62, the score was left on 140 for five and the game was close to being up. Rohan Mustafa did not help matters, caught at short fine leg off Afridi for a second-ball duck, but a 68-stand between Amjad Javed and Swapnil Patil at least added some credibility. Javed (40) took on one shot too many and was caught at long on off Wahab Riaz, while Patil was cleaned up by the same bowler for 36, leaving the UAE out of time and hope. | Pakistan posted a total of 339 for six from their 50 overs in Napier . Ahmed Shehzad (93) and Haris Sohail (70) put on 160 for second wicket . Captain Misbah-ul-Haq contributed a quickfire 65 . The United Arab Emirates then reached 210 for eight from their 50 overs . Win puts Pakistan above Ireland into fourth in Pool B . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Cologne forward Anthony Ujah has apologised for grabbing the club mascot -- a goat -- by the horns during celebrations in their 4-2 Bundesliga victory over Eintracht Frankfurt on Sunday. After scoring to secure a 4-1 lead in the 81st minute, the Nigerian ran to the side of the pitch where the goat is positioned during home games, grabbed the animal named Hennes VIII by the horns and attempted to drag it onto the pitch. The animal's handler was initially taken by surprise but managed to quickly recover and pull the goat back before the forward returned to the pitch as Cologne celebrated their first home win since October. Cologne's Nigerian forward Anthony Ujah celebrates his goal by man handling a goat against Frankfurt . The 24-year-old African striker ran over to the touchline to pull the goat by the horns during the match . The goats' handlers try to stop the Nigerian international from pulling the goat on to the football pitch . 'Perfect Sunday. Sorry Hennes. I was a bit too rough on him,' Ujah wrote on Twitter and Facebook while also posting a photo of him pulling the goat. The club also saw the humorous side of the celebrations. 'Hennes is used to such stuff. He may have a bit of a sore neck,' sports director Joerg Schmadtke told reporters. The striker later celebrated on his own in a far more normal way following his goal against Frankfurt . | Anthony Ujah scored Cologne's fourth and celebrated in peculiar fashion . The Nigerian international run over to the sidelines to celebrate with a goat . Club mascot Hennes VIII found himself vigorously pulled by the striker . Cologne went on to beat Frankfurt 4-2 at the RheinEnergieStadion . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manuel Pellegrini says he wants to extend his contract at Manchester City despite uncertainty over his future with the Premier League champions and speculation linking him with a move to Napoli at the end of the season. City look set to surrender their title to Chelsea and more pressure will be heaped on Pellegrini if they go out of the Champions League by failing to overturn a 2-1 first-leg deficit against Barcelona at the Nou Camp on Wednesday. Pep Guardiola, Diego Simeone and Carlo Ancelotti have been touted as potential successors, and Pellegrini’s agent Jesus Martinez has responded by suggesting that the 61-year-old Chilean might be interested in taking over from Rafael Benitez at Napoli. Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini wants to extend his contract at the club . Pep Guardiola (left), Diego Simeone (centre) and Carlo Ancelotti have all been touted as potential successors . But the City boss insists that he will see out his three-year contract that expires in 15 months’ time and would like to stay even longer. ‘My future is very easy,’ said Pellegrini. ‘I have contract here until June 2016 and I will stay here. If I can extend it I will. When I sign a contract I always try to finish it. ‘If you’re not happy then maybe you try and finish your contract before but I’m very happy here.’ Asked about the prospect of finishing the season empty-handed, Pellegrini added: ‘The analysis of me is not just about one title, but you never know what can happen in the future.’ Pellegrini insisted that the spirit in the City dressing-room remains strong despite reports of a half-time bust-up between captain Vincent Kompany and Fernandinho during the defeat to Liverpool earlier this month. Vincent Kompany reportedly had a half-time bust up with team-mate Fernandinho earlier this month . Fernandinho and Kompany reportedly had a disagreement during the defeat at Liverpool in the Premier League . Captain Kompany was dropped to the bench for Manchester City's victory over Leicester Cty . Kompany was dropped to the bench for last week’s win at home to Leicester and Fernandinho was left out altogether, but Pellegrini confirmed that his skipper is in the squad for Saturday’s trip to Burnley. ‘There isn’t any problem in the dressing-room,’ he said. ‘That happened a lot of days ago. It is normal that in one game that they can a discussion between two players but it was not important for the team. Inside the dressing-room, we don’t have any problems. ‘There was a normal scene, nothing important. I don’t talk about things that were not important and things that happened 20 days ago. If it happened yesterday, maybe I can tell you some things. But 20 days ago, it doesn’t matter. The squad is absolutely together.’ | Manuel Pellegrini hoping to extend his Manchester City contract . Chilean boss has been linked with a summer switch to Napoli . Pep Guardiola, Diego Simeone and Carlo Ancelotti touted as successors . Travel to Turf Moor to face Burnley in the Premier League on Saturday . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester City news . |
Given a reference text about the Driftwood River, tell me what main river it is part of. | The Driftwood River is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) tributary of the East Fork of the White River in central Indiana in the United States. Via the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is a short river, formed by the confluence of two longer streams a short distance upstream of its mouth.
Course
The Driftwood River is formed in southeastern Johnson County, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Edinburgh, by the confluence of Sugar Creek and the Big Blue River. It flows generally southwardly through northwestern Bartholomew County to Columbus, where it joins the Flatrock River to form the East Fork of the White River.
Near Edinburgh, IN, Driftwood River has a mean annual discharge of 1,210 cubic feet per second.[ | The Driftwood River is part of the Mississippi River. |
What are the main components of Apache Spark based on the paragraph? | Apache Spark requires a cluster manager and a distributed storage system. For cluster management, Spark supports standalone (native Spark cluster, where you can launch a cluster either manually or use the launch scripts provided by the install package. It is also possible to run these daemons on a single machine for testing), Hadoop YARN, Apache Mesos or Kubernetes. For distributed storage, Spark can interface with a wide variety, including Alluxio, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapR File System (MapR-FS), Cassandra, OpenStack Swift, Amazon S3, Kudu, Lustre file system, or a custom solution can be implemented. Spark also supports a pseudo-distributed local mode, usually used only for development or testing purposes, where distributed storage is not required and the local file system can be used instead; in such a scenario, Spark is run on a single machine with one executor per CPU core. | Based on the paragraph, a cluster manager and a distributed storage are two main components of Apache Spark. For cluster manager, Spark supports a standalone cluster, or Hadoop YARN, Apache Mesos, or Kubernetes. For storage, Spark supports local file systems for development and testing, as well as Hadoop File System, Cassandra, and cloud storages |
What is the significance of a diploma? | A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy. | A diploma testifies the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ryan Mason thinks Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino should take a great deal of credit for the role he played in helping him earn his 'dream' England call-up. Mason was drafted into the England squad following the withdrawal of Adam Lallana and could make his debut in Friday's Euro 2016 qualifier against Lithuania or the friendly in Italy next Tuesday. If selected, Mason would regard it as the proudest moment of his career. Ryan Mason tracks Raheem Sterling in training after winning his first England call-up this week . Mason says it would be his dream to be handed a first England cap against Lithuania or Italy this week . The Spurs midfielder has been in superb form this season, prompting Roy Hodgson to select him . 'It's every boy's dream to represent their country at any level, so hopefully I can get that and it would be a great achievement personally,' the 23-year-old Tottenham midfielder told TheFA.com . 'It's the pinnacle of your career to represent your country.' Mason's route to the top has been far from straightforward. He signed for Tottenham's academy as a 16-year-old and just 12 months later he made his debut in a UEFA Cup match against NEC Nijmegen. But he then had to wait another six years until he made his Premier League debut. Former Spurs boss Harry Redknapp farmed Mason out to Yeovil, Millwall and Doncaster, where he had three loan spells. Redknapp's successor Andre Villas-Boas then sent the player to French club Lorient but he returned without having made a first-team appearance. Kane made his Spurs debut six years ago, but has spent the intervening time on several loan deals . Neither Harry Redknapp or Andre Villas-Boas saw a place for him in the first team, but he is now showing form . Mason started last season on loan at League One Swindon and did not feature under Tim Sherwood at Spurs once Villas-Boas had been sacked. Mason is grateful to Pochettino, therefore, for finally giving him a chance at White Hart Lane this season. 'I've always had confidence in my own ability, but it also comes from a manager who trusts you and is willing to back you. There is nothing like that as a footballer,' said Mason, who has played 29 times for the Argentinian this year. 'The fact that the call-up has come so early in my Premier League career is a great feeling. It's amazing and has been a bit of a whirlwind over the last few months . Mason thanked Mauricio Pochettino for the faith the Argentinian manager has shown in him this season . Last year Mason was on loan at Swindon in League One, but has made remarkable progress since returning . 'It was unfortunate that I didn't kick on at a younger age, it took me a bit longer to establish myself. 'I had a lot of injuries and perhaps went out on loan at the wrong times. 'There were times when players were getting opportunities in the UEFA Cup and I was out on loan. It just never really worked. But now I've got a manager who trusts in me and believes in me, and he came in from day one and said that. 'To have a manager like that it gives me a great deal of confidence. 'Now I'm playing regularly I'm more than happy.' Mason has been pinching himself this week after training alongside some of his heroes at St George's Park. 'I've been a football fan for so long, and the fact that I've been watching these players in the squad who I'm training with now is a great feeling,' he said. | Ryan Mason has been handed his first England call up after strong season . Mason says winning his first cap would be 'every boy's dream' Spurs midfielder thanked his club manager for being 'willing to back me' Mason was on loan at Swindon in League One last season . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | A Michigan soccer player who killed a referee with a single punch to the face was sentenced to eight to fifteen years in prison today. Bassel Saad, 36, pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter last month after admitting he struck John Bieniewicz during a game at a Livonia park. The 44-year-old referee was about to call a penalty that would have booted Saad, who already had a yellow card, from the match last summer when he was dealt the blow that would eventually kill him two days later. Scroll down for video . Bassel Saad, 36, was sentenced to eight to 15 years in prison after he admitted to punching referee John Bieniewicz (right) in the face during a soccer game last summer. The father-of-two died from his injuries . Bieniewicz's widow Kris pulled out a red card, as Saad's back was turned, on the stand and said 'the one final thing that I want to do is I would like to serve Mr Saad with the red card that he was entitled to' Bieniewicz's widow Kris pulled out a red card as she spoke on the stand to symbolize her husband's last action before his untimely death, and said she will always see the act as murder. ‘Before I go the one final thing that I want to do is I would like to serve Mr Saad with the red card that he was entitled to,' she said in her closing remarks. Bieniewicz previously told reporters that she hoped Saad 'never sees the light of day', and that she believed her husband's life was 'worth more than eight years'. Saad faced second-degree murder charges before he took a plea deal. He will be eligible for parole after eight years and his maximum punishment is 15 years in prison. He was also ordered to pay more than $9,200 for restitution and the father-of-two's funeral expenses, according to the Detroit News. Bieniewicz's mother and three sisters were also present in court. Saad told them and Mrs Bieniewicz through tears that he was sorry from 'the bottom of my heart'. Bieniewicz previously told reporters that she hoped Saad 'never sees the light of day', and that she believed the life of her husband, pictured here with his two sons, was 'worth more than eight years' Bieniewicz is pictured being administered CPR on the turf after being knocked out cold by Saad . Mrs Bieniewicz said her only consolation was knowing that her husband died doing something he loved. Wayne County Judge Thomas Cameron told Saad during sentencing that his 'childish and senseless act' had destroyed both the Bieniewicz family's life - as well as his own. Saad, an auto mechanic and a native of Lebanon, has lived in the US legally for 15 years but is not a citizen. The father-of-three could face deportation after he serves his time. A number of players testified in court last year that Saad had been issued a yellow card, or an official warning, following a foul in the first half of the June 29 game. Bieniewicz was about to issue him a second yellow card for being verbally abusive. That's when the referee was struck, the players said. Saad's punch landed in the head and neck area, causing Bieniewicz to fall and stop breathing. Saad sobs during a probable-cause hearing in July in Livonia, Michigan. Wayne County Judge Thomas Cameron told Saad that his 'childish and senseless act' had destroyed both families . Witness Scott Herkes, left, demonstrates with defense attorney Ali Hammoud how he said Saad punched Bieniewicz, during a court hearing in the summer . Dr. Jamal Saleh said he rushed toward Bieniewicz, who was on his back grasping a yellow card in one hand and a red card in the other. In soccer, a yellow card is held aloft by the referee to caution a player following a foul or other misconduct. A red card is shown by the referee when a player is being thrown out of the game. Two yellow cards given in the same game equal a red card. A skirmish erupted between players following the attack. Saleh said he quickly checked on Bieniewicz and the referee initially was not breathing but had a pulse. Saleh said he performed CPR and told the unconscious Bieniewicz: 'Wake up, buddy. You're going to be OK.' Mrs Bieniewicz said her only consolation was knowing her husband died doing something he loved . Player Scott Herkes testified that Saad removed his jersey and left the field with another man as Bieniewicz was being tended to. Herkes said he followed the men into the parking lot and took down the license plate number of the vehicle in which they left. In 2005, Saad was involved in another assault on a soccer field. Court documents obtained by Detroit Free Press indicate that he repeatedly struck another player in the head. Saad pleaded not contest in that case and was sentenced to five days of community service and 12 months of probation. Mrs Bieniewicz recently testified at Michigan's Capitol in support of proposed legislation that would make it a felony to assault a sports official in the state. Referees ‘are out there on an island with no one to defend them,' she said. 'Something more than a misdemeanor should be in place.' Mrs Bieniewicz, a basketball coach, said she has tried to establish some normalcy for her two sons in the eight months since their father was killed . | Bassel Saad, 36, pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter last month . He admitted to striking referee and father-of-two John Bieniewicz, 44, because he was being ejected from game in June . He will be eligible for parole in 8 years, faces a maximum of 15 . In court Bieniewicz widow she wanted to serve Saad 'with the red card that he was entitled to' She previously told reporters she hoped Saad never 'sees the light of day' and that she believed her husband's life was worth more than 8 years . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)Astronauts on the International Space Station completed a spacewalk Sunday despite the appearance of water inside an astronaut's helmet, NASA reported. In a tweet, the space agency said astronaut Terry Virts experienced water inside his helmet, just as he did Wednesday, but "it's a known issue; no concern." The spacewalk lasted five hours and 38 minutes, NASA said. "Crews have now spent a total of 1,171 hours and 29 minutes conducting space station assembly and maintenance during 187 spacewalks," the agency said in a release. NASA previously said the suit worn by NASA astronaut Virts has a history of "sublimator water carryover." Water in the sublimator cooling component can condense when the suit is repressurized after a spacewalk, causing a small amount of water to push into the helmet, NASA said. NASA said International Space Station managers had "a high degree of confidence" in the suit. On the upcoming spacewalk, Virts and Barry Wilmore installed antennas to provide data to visiting vehicles and deploy 400 feet of cable along the edge of the station. Virts said he first noticed traces of fluid and dampness in his helmet Wednesday while he was waiting for the crew lock cabin to repressurize. He and Wilmore had been outside the space station for nearly seven hours working on the station's robotic arm and performing some maintenance. Virts immediately alerted fellow astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti about the water, and she alerted Mission Control in Houston. Cristoforetti helped Virts out of his helmet and examined it. She confirmed the presence of moisture, mostly in the helmet absorption pad, or HAP, describing it as "wet and cold." At the request of Mission Control, Anton Shkaplerov used a syringe to draw as much water as he could from the top of the helmet. Water had collected in the white plastic at the top and around both ear cups. Shkaplerov estimated there was 15 milliliters of water in the helmet. That's a far cry from the amount of water that accumulated in Luca Parmitano's suit during a spacewalk in July 2013. Between 1 and 1.5 liters of water backed up in the suit and helmet, prompting fears Parmitano could drown in his own helmet. The spacewalk was cut short, and NASA implemented some changes to its suits, including the addition of absorbent padding in helmets. There was another intrusion of water into the helmet during another spacewalk on December 24, 2013. NASA commentator Rob Navias said it was noticed at the same point in the mission as Wednesday's leak -- during the repressurization of the crew lock, the area from which astronauts enter and exit ISS while in space. | Spacewalk last more than five hours; crews have spent more than 1,171 hours spacewalking . Astronaut Terry Virts found a small amount of water inside his helmet . |
Based on this paragraph, what does Briony mean when she says at the conclusion: ""I like to think that it isn't weakness or evasion, but a final act of kindness, a stand against oblivion and despair, to let my lovers live and to unite them at the end." | The final section, titled "London 1999", is narrated by Briony herself in the form of a diary entry. Now 77, she is a successful novelist who has recently been diagnosed with vascular dementia, so she is facing rapid mental decline. The reader learns that Briony is the author of the preceding sections of the novel. Briony attends a party in her honor at the Tallis family home, where the extended Tallis children perform The Trials of Arabella, the play that 13-year-old Briony had written and unsuccessfully attempted to stage with her cousins in the summer of 1935. Leon and Pierrot are in attendance, Jackson is fifteen years deceased, and Lola is alive but does not attend. Finally, Briony reveals to the reader that Robbie Turner died of septicaemia on the beaches of Dunkirk, that Cecilia was killed several months later when a bomb destroyed Balham Underground station during the Blitz, and that Briony's story of seeing them together in 1940 was a fabrication. Briony did attend Lola's wedding to Paul Marshall, but confesses she was too "cowardly" to visit the recently bereaved Cecilia to make amends. The novel, which she says is factually true apart from Robbie and Cecilia being reunited, is her lifelong attempt at "atonement" for what she did to them. Briony justifies her invented happy ending by saying she does not see what purpose it would serve to give readers a "pitiless" story. She writes, "I like to think that it isn't weakness or evasion, but a final act of kindness, a stand against oblivion and despair, to let my lovers live and to unite them at the end." | Based on this passage, Briony is explaining, as the narrator of the novel, why she fabricated the portion of the story involving the reunion of Robbie and Cecilia. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | An Australian ex-pat who runs a successful sail boat tour company on the tourist island of Phuket in Thailand has been charged with murder. Mark Pendlebury - known affectionately by locals as 'Captain Mark' as he is never without his captain's hat and pipe - was trying to break up a fight outside Taipan nightclub on Wednesday night. The former Perth businessman, 59, was on his way home from a Patong Rotary meeting when he came across the scuffle, Phuket Wan reported. Mark Pendlebury (right) runs a successful sail boat tour company on the tourist island of Phuket . The 59-year-old man who is from Perth was charged with murder after he tried to intervene during a scuffle . It is alleged Pendlebury stabbed security guard, Sanya Khluewaengmon, after he tried to stop the Australian from filming the fight outside the nightclub about 12.30am local time on Wednesday. 'Before I knew it, I was being badly beaten up. I pulled out my knife and waved it back and forth to defend myself,' Pendlebury told local media from his jail cell at Kathu Police Station. 'A couple of Indians jumped in and with their help I was able to escape a little distance down the street. If the Indian tourists hadn't rescued me, I reckon I would be dead.' Pictures have emerged of Pendlebury that show him with a bloodied arm in a hospital bed, while being interviewed by police. The knife used in the alleged stabbing of a security guard at Taipan nightclub in Patong in Thailand's south . Pendlebury appears to have blood down his arm and is here being interviewed by police in his hospital bed . He is often seen with his captain's hat and a pipe, which earned him the nickname 'Captain Mark' Local media have described him as a generous man who volunteered through the Rotary club. Mr Sanya was also taken to Patong hospital along with Pendlebury, but hospital staff were unable to save Mr Sanya. He died an hour and a half later. It is understood Australia's honorary consul has visited Pendlebury in jail as his lawyers seek bail for the Australian ex-pat. During his interview with police, Pendlebury said he had pulled out a knife to defend himself against the security guard who had tried to stop him filming a scuffle outside the club . He said he remembered being beaten up badly after he was told to stop filming by Sanya Khluewaengmon . Mr Sanya died an hour and a half after he was taken to Patong hospital from his injuries . Kathu Police Station's superintendent Chaiwat Auikam said investigations into the incident were ongoing. Detectives are going through CCTV footage along with seeking out video taken by witnesses on the night. The 59-year-old has a Thai wife and has been running his business since 2004. | Mark Pendlebury was charged with murder in Kathu in Thailand's south . The former Perth man intervened during a fight outside Taipan nightclub . Pendlebury, 59, claims he was trying to film the scuffle before the incident . It is alleged he stabbed a security guard who was trying to stop him filming . Pendlebury claims he pulled out a knife to defend himself from injury . The security guard was taken to hospital but died an hour and a half later . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Premier League sponsors Barclays will not renew their £40million-a-year deal when the current agreement expires at the end of the 2015-16 season. The bank agreed a £120m three-year deal in 2012 for the present rights - an increase of almost 50 per cent on their previous £82m contract. But with Sky and BT Sport paying a record £5.1billion for TV rights from the start of the 2016 season, Barclays fear the cost of the next sponsorship will also rise considerably. Barclays have sponsored the Premier League since 2001 but the 2015-16 season is set to be their last . The Premier League's new £5.1billion TV rights deal is set to increase the cost of sponsorship . Barclays advertising hoardings and ribbons adorn Manchester United's trophy lift at Old Trafford in May, 2013 . Barclays have sponsored the Premier League since 2001 when they first used the sponsorship to promote their Barclaycard brand. As well as the cost of the sponsorship, they must also consider the costs of promoting it through advertising, public relations and social media. The popularity of the Premier League abroad is seen as a major factor behind the bank's decision to continue with their sponsorship for almost 15 years. With games broadcast into 650 million homes in 175 countries, Barclays have used their agreements to promote themselves throughout the world, particularly in Africa and Asia. Arsenal lift the Premier League trophy in 2002 after Barclays' first season as sponsors of the division . Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore will be looking to agree a new sponsorship deal from 2016 . | Barclays agreed a £120million three-year sponsorship deal back in 2012 . The bank will not renew their agreement when it expires next year . New £5.1billion TV deal is expected to increase the cost of sponsorship . Barclays have sponsored the Premier League since 2001 . |
Given this paragraph, tell me the storyline of Sabapathy. | Sabapathy is a 1941 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by A. V. Meiyappan and A. T. Krishnaswamy, and produced by Meiyappan. An adaptation of Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar's farce play of the same name, the film stars T. R. Ramachandran, Kali N. Rathnam, C. T. Rajakantham and K. Sarangapani. It focuses on the antics of two dim-witted men named Sabapathy: a wealthy man and his servant. The film was released on 14 December 1941 and became a commercial success. | Sabapathy is a comedy film about the antics of a wealthy man and his servant. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Super Saturday certainly lived up to its name as the final three games of the RBS 6 Nations served up a veritable try-fest in Rome, Edinburgh and London. Wales and England’s efforts proved in vain as Ireland claimed their second title in succession thanks to their 30-point drubbing of Scotland in Murrayfield. Following a frantic finale, Sportsmail’s Rory Keane points out six things we learned from this year’s championship. Ireland's players celebrate with the Six Nations trophy at Murrayfield after being crowned champions . Attitude is everything . After four rounds of claustrophobic, defence-orientated rugby – the floodgates opened up on the final day of the 2015 RBS 6 Nations. Plenty has been said in recent weeks about the state of the modern game. Kick-chasing, rush defences and negative tactics have led to some turgid contests in this season’s tournament. Tries and big points totals were the order of the day on Saturday, however, and what a difference it made to all three contests as Wales, Ireland and England threw everything into their late title bids. Running rugby, offloads and daring play were on display across Europe as Ireland did enough to claim the trophy. The game doesn’t need to change; it’s just a question of mindset. Ben Youngs goes over the line to give England an early lead in their Six Nations clash with France . England have the firepower to match anyone on their day . England relied on their forward power to dig themselves out of a hole against Wales in the opening round, but it was the backs who rescued the contest against France…and almost secured the championship. In a frantic game of rugby played at breakneck speed - the likes of Ben Youngs, Jonathan Joseph and Jack Nowell tore the French defence to shreds. George Ford, aged just 22, looks the real deal at fly half and is developing a world class half back pairing with Youngs. All Ford needs now is a foil at inside centre to add width and a kicking option to England’s attack. Exeter Chiefs playmaker Henry Slade could very well be the answer to that conundrum. Stuart Lancaster’s side are by no means the finished article but if they can fuse their monstrous pack, efficient set-piece and exciting wide men together, they could be serious contenders for the William Webb Ellis trophy. England's Jack Nowell dives over the line to score Stuart Lancaster's side's second try . France remain an enigma locked in a riddle . Phillipe Saint-Andre has overseen another disappointing tournament for Les Bleus, but his side showed at Twickenham that they can certainly play when the mood takes them. Following four rounds of stuttering attacking play, Scott Spedding, Maxime Mermoz and Noa Nakaitaci ran amok at Twickenham. Sweeping backline moves, offloads and counter-attacking ballast; where was this French team hiding? A special mention for monstrous loosehead prop Vincent Debaty who tracked Nakaitaci’s weaving run to touch down in the left corner. It summed up France’s attitude on the day. Interestingly, France arrived in London boasting the meanest defence in the tournament only to then leak a flurry of tries. France remain an enigma, but one thing is certain, Saint-Andre has plenty of work to do if his side are to make any impression when they return to England for the big one in September. Noa Nakaitaci touches down for France at Twickenham to score a controversial try . The Green Machine will be hard to stop . Ireland bounced back from their setback against Wales with a powerful performance against the Scots. Joe Schmidt’s side went back to basics with their intelligent kicking game complemented by a strong set-piece and canny power plays. But Ireland also showed thay can attack with ball in hand and expanded their game to allow the attacking talents of Robbie Henshaw, Jared Payne and Tommy Bowe to flourish in the wide open spaces of Murrayfield. Ireland will have their detractors but back-to-back Six Nations titles speak for themselves. If Schmidt’s side can add some extra guile to their attacking game in the coming months, they will be serious contenders for the forthcoming World Cup. Jared Payne (left) celebrates scoring his try with Tommy Bowe and fly half Johnny Sexton (right) No 3 is the No 1 issue for Wales . Wales finished the tournament like a runaway train but Warren Gatland will have nightmares about the mincing his side’s scrum took against Ireland and Italy. The Welsh have some of the most devastating strike runners in the game in the form of George North, Jonathan Davies and Jamie Roberts while Sam Warburton had one of his best tournaments to date. Having all that talent out wide counts for nothing, however, if a solid platform is missing. Samson Lee’s long-term injury at tighthead has created a huge void for Gatland. Veteran Adam Jones insists his Test days are over but, if Gatland wants Wales to mount a serious challenge at the World Cup, he may have to swallow his pride and give Jones a call. Samson Lee's absence through injury has left a huge void in the Wales side . Rome has fallen . Saturday’s contest in Rome served up yet another final day capitulation from the Azzurri. This is becoming quite the habit for the tournament whipping boys. Wales were impressive but some of the Italian defence was laughable at times. There is no question that Italy’s presence has benefited the tournament greatly, but big improvements are needed going forward. Sergio Parisse is unquestionably world class but the Stade Francais No 8 has been carrying the burden of a nation for long enough. There are some grounds for optimism for Italy though with the likes of Luca Morisi and Leonardo Sarto showing glimpses of attacking potential throughout the tournament. Sergio Parisse grimaces as he leaves the pitch during the Six Nations i match between Italy and France . | Ireland were crowned Six Nations champions after beating Scotland . England beat France but failed to win by enough points to finish top . Here are six things we learned from this year's Six Nations championship . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | English football agents are to take legal action against the FA unless a compromise can be reached over the introduction of ‘unworkable’ new regulations next month. The Association of Football Agents agreed unanimously this week to injunct the FA to prevent them from bringing in ‘unacceptable’ rules from April 1 - after FIFA washed their hands of responsibility for managing the middle men, passing the buck to the national associations. The AFA have engaged the QC and sports law expert Lord Pannick to fight their corner - with the threat of an injunction hovering over a summit with the FA called to resolve the issue. The AFA have engaged the QC and sports law expert Lord Pannick to fight their corner over new FA rules . The agents object to the way the FA intend to administer their lucrative work. This includes a reduction in fees, no pay for representing players under 18 and a free-for-all with no agent’s licence required in future. Mel Stein, chairman of the AFA, said: ‘There is no doubt that the upcoming regulations are unworkable and it will be an horrendous mess unless some agreement can be reached. At least finalising a meeting is some kind of progress.’ The FA, who are understood to have chosen the successor to general secretary Alex Horne, were certainly aiming high with their original wish list. It is understood to have included Formula One Red Bull team principal Christian Horner, who is said to have been asked whether he was interested in leaving his £6million-a-year job in motor racing to earn 10 times less at Wembley. You can imagine his quick answer. It is understood Red Bull principal Christian Horner was asked to succeed FA general secretary Alex Horne . Former British No 1 tennis player Buster Mottram, better known for his extreme right-wing political views, has been barred from membership of the All England Club for six weeks. Mottram, 59, who plays regular social tennis at Wimbledon when not involved in games of bridge, refused to comment on the reasons for his suspension. The secretive club, who don’t like talking about their internal business even when staging the Wimbledon Championships, also refused to discuss his misdemeanour. Buster Mottram, pictured in 1955, has been barred from membership of the All England Club for six weeks . The Welsh FA have expressed anger with the FA over their plans to field Team GB football teams at the Rio Olympics without consultation. Welsh FA president Trevor Lloyd-Hughes said he was ‘livid and absolutely gutted with the English FA’, while Wales chief executive Jonathan Ford wants to be involved in all decision-making around 2016, having been given the impression that participation in the 2012 London Games was going to be a one-off. The FA say they have asked the three other home nations where they stand. The Welsh FA were under the impression a Team GB football team at the 2012 Olympics was a one-off . DYKE COACHING ROW . There is a major split developing within the FA over chairman Greg Dyke’s England Commission proposals to fund coaching development at the expense of cuts across the board. Dyke’s initiative, with £2.7million per year being switched from other parts of the FA budget to pay for 35 new coach educators to work in the grassroots (24) and professional game (11), has been approved by the FA board. But amateur blazers have yet to be convinced about the merits of such expenditure and the resulting 15 per cent cuts being imposed on every department to raise the cash. National game chairman Roger Burden has written to councillors to inform them of their colleagues’ concern about the lack of consultation and their fears that the proposed reduction in FA Trophy and FA Vase prize-money may have a ‘devastating effect’ on some smaller clubs who rely on this money to stay afloat. An FA spokesman said the national game had four representatives on the FA board that has approved the proposal and it was up to individual departments where they made cuts. There are major splits developing within the FA over Greg Dyke's proposal to make cuts . England cricket chiefs Paul Downton and Peter Moores, having presided over abject preparation, performances and team selection at the World Cup, are fortunate the new ECB hierarchy had such low expectations. The high command are also busy with restructuring the organisation, so axeing the team leadership pair is not on their agenda. This probably means Downton and Moores will have this summer’s Ashes series to secure their jobs. | The AFA have engaged sports law expert Lord Pannick to fight their corner . AFA unanimously agreed to injuct FA from bringing in 'unacceptable' rules . It is understood Christian Horner was asked to succeed Alex Horne . F1 Red Bull team principal asked to become FA general secretary . Split developing in FA over proposals to fund coaching development at the expense of cuts . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | This video shows the horrifying moment a Chinese girl is hit by a firecracker explosion, sending her tumbling down a sewer to her death. The girl and two boys can be seen walking down the street before one of the children - believed to her brother - drops the small explosive down a manhole. As they step back, a huge blast sends the manhole cover flying into the young girl, Zhaotong Yiliang Chia, as the explosion knocks her back and down a second drain. Horrifying: A Chinese girl died after a firecracker explosion sent her tumbling down into a sewer . The girl and two boys can be seen walking down the street before one of the children - believed to her brother - drops the small explosive down a manhole . The distressing video shows Zhaotong being hurled backwards before falling down the drain behind her, which was uncovered by the firecracker explosion. Shockingly the two boys then appear to walk away, possibly unaware that she has fallen into the sewer in the south western Chinese province of Yunnan. Two other men in the background also run away after the explosion but may not have seen the girl fall down the manhole. Firefighters were called to the scene as dozens gathered around the drain, including Zhaotong's father, following the tragic accident last month. The girl, Zhaotong Yiliang Chia, is sent flying backwards as the explosion knocks her back and down a second drain . The girl was fatally injured and died in hospital shortly after she was hauled from the manhole by firefighters . The girl's father was among the crowds as she was pulled from the sewer and rushed to hospital . He can be seen watching as she is eventually hauled from the drain and placed on the ground. He rushes round to hold his daughter's hand but it is clear that she has been fatally injured. She was rushed to hospital but later died. | Girl and two boys - one her brother - seen putting a firecracker down drain . A huge explosion sends the Chinese girl tumbling down into the sewer . Firefighters eventually haul the young girl out but she later died in hospital . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | San Antonio won comfortably at Atlanta 114-95 in Sunday's clash of two teams with form lines heading in opposite directions leading up to the NBA playoffs. The Spurs have won three straight and the Hawks have lost three straight, though they can afford to ease up given they are still eight games clear atop the Eastern Conference, ahead of Cleveland, which won at Milwaukee. In the key games among playoff aspirants in the West, the Los Angeles Clippers defeated New Orleans, and Phoenix won a close one against Dallas. Kawhi Leonard (left) of the San Antonio Spurs handles the ball against DeMarre Carroll in the first quarter . Jeff Teague (centre) dribbles in between the San Antonio Spurs during his side's third straight defeat . Leonard (centre) scores a lay-up in front of the watching crowd as the Spurs continued their excellent form . Defending champions San Antonio got a season-high 23 points from Tiago Splitter and 20 from Kawhi Leonard. The Spurs never trailed and led by as much as 26 points in the third quarter. Paul Millsap finished with 22 points for the faltering Hawks. The Clippers won a fourth straight game by beating New Orleans 107-100. Blake Griffin scored 23 points and Chris Paul contributed 23 points and 11 assists for Los Angeles, which converted 18 Pelicans turnovers into 30 points and had a 25-6 advantage on second-chance points. Blake Griffin (left) starred for the LA Clippers during their win over the New Orleans Pelicans . Chris Paul (left) attempts to keep the ball away from Pelicans star Norris Cole during the second quarter . Anthony Davis led New Orleans with 26 points and 12 rebounds in 39 minutes after missing two games with a sprained ankle. Tyreke Evans was sidelined because of the same injury and was replaced in the starting lineup. Phoenix's Archie Goodwin sank the go-ahead 3-pointer and Markieff Morris added a critical jumper in the final 30 seconds to secure a 98-92 win for the Suns against Dallas. The Mavericks rallied from a 17-point, third-quarter deficit and were up 86-80 with 5 minutes to play, but then went four minutes without scoring while the Suns climbed back into the lead. Phoenix Suns and the Dallas Mavericks were involved in a tough battle in their NBA clash on Sunday . Eric Bledsoe had 20 points, nine assists and six rebounds for Phoenix. Chandler Parsons scored 19 points for Dallas, which has lost all three games against Phoenix this season. Cleveland's LeBron James scored 28 points and sparked a key second-half run with an emphatic dunk to lead the Cavaliers to a 108-90 win against Milwaukee. LeBron James led the Cleveland Cavaliers to a comfortable victory over the Milwaukee Bucks . J.R. Smith added 23 points for Cleveland, including three straight 3s to close out the decisive run that turned a six-point deficit into a 93-78 lead with 6:19 left. Giannis Antetokounmpo had 15 points and nine rebounds for the Bucks, who have won six straight. Oklahoma City's Russell Westbrook had 12 points, 10 rebounds and 17 assists for his tenth triple-double of the season to lead the Thunder past Miami 93-75. Russell Westbrook (right) scores the lay-up as he scored his tenth triple-double of the season against Miami . Enes Kanter had been expected to miss again with an ankle injury, but took his place and delivered 27 points and 12 rebounds for the Thunder, which has won three in a row. The Heat had five players score in double figures but none with more than 13 points. Sacramento led most of the game and comfortably beat Washington 109-86, with Rudy Gay scoring 26 points. DeMarcus Cousins had 20 points, seven rebounds and five assists despite foul trouble for the Kings, who stretched the lead to 20 points in the third quarter and were never threatened from there. Derrick Williams dunks the ball into the basket for the Washington Wizards against the Sacramento Kings . Bradley Beal scored 19 points for the Wizards, who have lost 11 of their past 13 road games. Toronto's DeMar DeRozan scored 23 points as the Raptors beat New York 106-89. Detroit won 105-97 in overtime against Boston, with Andre Drummond having 18 points and 22 rebounds. Tayshaun Prince (left) of the Detroit Pistons takes a shot against the Boston in front of the Celtic fans . Denver's Danilo Gallinari scored a career-high 40 points to lead the Nuggets to a 119-100 victory over Orlando, winning at an Eastern Conference opponent for the first time in 12 games. Charlotte moved into a playoff-yielding eighth place in the East by beating Minnesota 109-98, with Mo Williams scoring 24 points. Los Angeles' Jeremy Lin scored a season-high 29 points as the Lakers beat Philadelphia 101-87 in the first meeting of the season between two of the NBA's worst teams. Jeremy Lin (right) drives towards the basket as he scored a season-high 29 for the LA Lakers . Jerami Grant of the Philadelphia 76ers blocks the path of Lin as the two worst teams in the NBA faced-off . | San Antonio Spurs won 114-95 against the faltering Atlanta Hawks . LA Clippers made it four straight wins with 23 points from Blake Griffin . Detroit Pistons, Phoenix Suns and the Charlotte all won their matches . LeBron James scored 28 points for the Cleveland Cavaliers . Jeremy Lin scored a season-high 29 points for the struggling LA Lakers . |
Given this reference about the Battle of Okinawa during WW2, what was the difference in between the US (77th Infantry Division) and the Japanese casualties and wounded? | The land battle took place over about 81 days beginning on 1 April 1945. The first Americans ashore were soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division who landed in the Kerama Islands, 15 mi (24 km) west of Okinawa on 26 March. Subsidiary landings followed, and the Kerama group was secured over the next five days. In these preliminary operations, the 77th Infantry Division suffered 27 dead and 81 wounded, while the Japanese dead and captured numbered over 650. The operation provided a protected anchorage for the fleet and eliminated the threat from suicide boats. | The difference was about 542 |
Where does the name of the UK county 'Essex' originate from? | The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Anglo-Saxon (Old English) name Ēastseaxe ("East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons who had come from the continent and settled in Britain. Excavations at Mucking have demonstrated the presence of Anglo-Saxon settlers in the early fifth century, however the way in which these settlers became ascendent in the territory of the Trinovantes is not known. Studies suggest a pattern of typically peaceful co-existence, with the structure of the Romano-British landscape being maintained, and with the Saxon settlers believed to have been in the minority. | The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Anglo-Saxon (Old English) name Ēastseaxe ("East Saxons"). |
When did Alia Bhatt get her first leading role? | Alia Bhatt (/ˈɑːliə ˈbʌt/; born 15 March 1993) is a British actress of Indian descent who predominantly works in Hindi films. She has received several accolades including four Filmfare Awards. One of India's highest-paid actresses, she has appeared in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list since 2014 and was awarded the TIME100 Impact Award in 2022.
Born into the Bhatt family, she is the daughter of filmmaker Mahesh Bhatt and actress Soni Razdan. After making her acting debut as a child in the 1999 thriller Sangharsh, she played her first leading role in Karan Johar's teen film Student of the Year (2012). She won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress for playing a kidnapping victim in the road drama Highway (2014), and went on to establish herself with starring roles in several romantic films produced by Johar's studio Dharma Productions as well as the coming-of-age drama Dear Zindagi (2016). | Alia Bhatt received her first leading role in 2012, in the teen film Student of the Year. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | You can search far and wide for the answer to a problem, but sometimes it is right under your nose. When Arsene Wenger sent Francis Coquelin on loan to Charlton in November it looked to be the final nail in the Frenchman's Arsenal career. The Gunners manager admitted as much recently, revealing he was prepared to let the midfielder leave in December. Arsenal midfielder Francis Coquelin (right) controls the ball during his side's win against QPR . The Frenchman wore a protective mask at Loftus Road after fracturing his nose against Everton . Coquelin, pictured challenging Sandro, has become the Gunners' midfield enforcer in recent months . But a spate of injuries in midfield saw Wenger recall Coquelin in December. The 23-year-old hasn't looked back. He's grasped his chance to become a key member of Arsenal's midfield with both hands, despite his reluctance to return to Arsenal from Charlton fearing he'd simply be warming the bench. There's an argument to suggest he's the most vital component in Wenger's plans at the present moment; the central midfield enforcer they've been crying out for in recent years. Just weeks after his Arsenal career looked to be drawing to a close, Coquelin is on the verge of agreeing a new long-term contract to stay at the Emirates Stadium. Wenger would like to say Coquelin's emergence has been pre-planned; a managerial masterstroke that has helped Arsenal turn their stuttering league form around. But that is far from the case. Coquelin played five games on loan at Charlton this season but has returned to be a first team regular . Coquelin's stint in the first team has earned him a new long-term contract with the Gunners . The Frenchman midfielder has propelled himself above compatriot Mathieu Flamini in the pecking order . Following three substitute appearances after his return from the Valley, Coquelin was handed a rare start against West Ham on December 28 in place of the injured Mathieu Flamini. He hasn't looked back. His energetic and mature displays alongside Santi Cazorla in central midfield have been a revelation - none more so than in the win at Manchester City in January. The concern with Coquelin has always been about his physical stature. Can his slender frame handle the rough and tumble of Premier League football? He's answered those questions unequivocally in recent weeks. Having fractured his nose in the recent win over Everton, the midfielder insisted upon playing on - only coming off in injury time after taking another blow to the face. Three days later he was back on the pitch, sporting a protective mask, in the narrow win over Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road. He's waited so long to prove himself in an Arsenal shirt, Coquelin's won't let a broken nose keep him on the sidelines now. Gunners boss Arsene Wenger admitted that he was willing to let Coquelin leave the club before his return . Wenger is still interested in Southampton's defensive midfielder Morgan Schneiderlin (left) Coquelin, pictured in training, still needs to convince Wenger that he can play for Arsenal long-term . The big question is whether Coquelin is the long-term answer to Wenger's holding midfielder conundrum. After failing to sign an enforcer last summer, the Gunners will be back in the market for a midfield ball winner once more at the end of the season despite Coquelin's emergence. Morgan Schneiderlin, for the time being, is favourite to land the role provided Arsenal can strike a deal with Southampton, who will want at least £25milliom. That would leave Coquelin's regular place in Wenger's team selections under threat. For now Coquelin will be focusing on keeping his place in the team until the end of the season. The returns of Aaron Ramsey and Jack Wilshere following injury spells will cast further questions over the Frenchman's role. But, for now, the shirt is Coquelin's to lose. Having waited so long for this chance - he'll be desperate to keep it that way. | Arsenal were set to release Francis Coquelin this summer . But he is now on the verge of signing a long-term contract at Arsenal . The Frenchman has impressed since returning from a loan at Charlton . Arsene Wenger remains interested in Southampton's Morgan Schneiderlin . Coquelin must prove he can keep his place at Arsenal for years to come . READ: Schneiderlin denies Arsenal deal but refuses to commit to Saints . CLICK HERE for all the latest Arsenal news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Ten men have been charged as part of an investigation into child grooming and sexual exploitation in Rochdale against girls as young as 13. The men are accused of a catalogue of serious sex offences, which include numerous charges of rape and sexual activity with a child, against seven victims between 2005 and 2013. All 10 have been arrested under Operation Doublet, which aims to tackle child sexual exploitation by older men in Rochdale. The operation was launched after the conviction of nine men last May for their roles in a child abuse ring which spanned Rochdale and parts of Greater Manchester. Ten men have been charged as part of an investigation by Greater Manchester Police (headquarters pictured) into child sexual exploitation and child exploitation in Rochdale, Greater Manchester . Assistant Chief Constable Ian Wiggett, of Greater Manchester Police, said: 'The majority of the offences were committed between 2003 and 2013 and focus on reports that teenage girls were sexually exploited by older men. 'So far, 65 people have been arrested as part of Operation Doublet and the investigation continues. 'This is an extremely complex and challenging investigation which started in May 2012. The investigation will continue over the coming months and further arrests are anticipated. 'The welfare of the victims is paramount and we have a team of experienced officers supporting them through the process.' The charges are; Shayfur Rahman, 31, of Prestwich, one count of rape; Kutab Miah, 34, of Rochdale, three counts of sexual activity and one count of rape; Rehan Ali, 26, of Manchester, one count of rape, three counts of sexual activity with a child when the offender was over 18 and three counts of sexual activity with a child when the offender was between 15 and 17. Iklaq Choudhry Hussain, 37, of Rochdale, three counts of sexual activity with a child and two counts of rape; David Law, 45, of Ilkeston, Derbyshire, three counts of conspiracy to commit rape; Mahfus Rahman, 28, three counts of rape and three counts of sexual activity with a child. Ashfaq Yousaf, 28, has been charged with one count of aiding and abetting rape against one victim. He has also been charged with one count of rape against a further victim. Afraz Ahmed, 32, of Rochdale has been charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit rape and one count of rape against one victim. He also faces two counts of inciting a child to engage in sexual activity, relating to offences against to girls. He has also been charged with one count of rape against a further victim. Ian Wiggett, assistant chief constable at Greater Manchester Police said 65 people have been arrested so far under Operation Doublet . Mohammed Davood, 37, of Burnley has been charged with one count of assault occasioning actual bodily harm against one victim. He has also been charged with three counts of rape, one count of sexual activity with a child and one count of sexual assault against a further victim. Mohammed Miah, 39, has been charged with three counts of sexual activity and one count of rape against one victim. He has also been charged with one count of rape against a further victim. Rochdale MP Simon Danczuk welcomed news of the charges. He said: 'I welcome today's news that more alleged perpetrators of child abuse are being brought to justice. I have spoken to the Director of Children's Services at Rochdale Council earlier today and have been fully briefed on the developments.' He added: 'I have been critical of child protection agencies, and especially Greater Manchester Police, in the past regarding their handling of these cases. But credit where credit is due, these arrests demonstrate the progress that has been made. 'We have seen in recent months that Rochdale is far from the only town in the country to have experienced this type of abuse. The difference in Rochdale is that we now have much better systems in place for protecting children and all agencies are working together to catch the perpetrators. 'Finally, it should be recognised that these arrests could not have happened without the incredibly brave actions of survivors of abuse. I know from personal experience just how difficult it is for survivors to speak out about their abuse. So I want to pay tribute to the young women who have suffered this abuse and have worked with police.' The Crown Prosecution Service said the majority of alleged offences took place when the complainants were under 16. Nazir Afzal, chief crown prosecutor, said: 'These defendants now stand charged with serious criminal offences and have the right to a fair trial. 'It is extremely important that there should be no reporting, commentary or sharing of information online which could in any way prejudice these proceedings.' Two of the men, Ahmed and Law, were remanded in custody when they appeared at Bury Magistrates' Court on February 24. Choudhry, Rahman, Davood, Ali and Miah will appear at the same court tomorrow and the remaining three defendants will face Tameside Magistrates' Court on Wednesday. Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article. | Ten men arrested as part of child grooming investigation in Rochdale . Face numerous charges of rape and sexual activity with a child . Men were arrested under Operation Doublet, launched after nine men were convicted last year for their roles in a child abuse ring in Rochdale . Ten have been bailed to appear at Bury or Tameside Magistrates' Court . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Primary school students in Victoria have been punished for using the bathroom during lesson time, leading children to wet themselves in class. Parents have expressed their outrage after learning that students at Bellbridge Primary School in Hoppers Crossing, south-west Melbourne, were fined and kept in during lunch and recess if they went to the toilet during class time. Danielle Henderson, whose 11-year-old daughter Lauren was fined $50 in play money for using the bathroom, said the issue was reported to the school council more than a week ago. Danielle Henderson's (right) 11-year-old daughter Lauren (left) was fined $50 for using the bathroom . Students at Bellbridge Primary School in Hoppers Crossing, south-west Melbourne, have been punished for using the bathroom during lesson time . 'I found out about it a couple of weeks ago via a Bellbridge parents Facebook site,' Ms Henderson told Daily Mail Australia. 'There were a huge number of parents in uproar. 'The school has been fully aware of this for quite some time now.' Ms Henderson said children had been wetting themselves in class and had to be sent home for changes of clothes, while others had to record their bathroom breaks on class whiteboards. 'When kids are that age they like to do the right thing, so if a teacher says they can't go they're going to hold and hold and hold,' she said. 'I haven't had to worry about [my daughter] having an accident, she's 11, but my worry is she's going to end up with a urinary tract infection or something along those lines. 'She has to write up the time she went to toilet and what time she came in, so her name goes up on whiteboard for 29 other children to see. Parents have expressed their outrage after learning that students were fined and kept in during recess if they went to the toilet during class . 'Each child's toileting record is up for public display - I'd love to see how an adult would react to that in the workplace.' Ms Henderson said a parent who was also a school council member agreed to raise the issue at a meeting more than a week ago, but says it was 'brushed off'. 'A number of parents went to individual classroom teachers who again have brushed it off,' she said. 'If there is a child using a toilet break as an excuse to get out of work deal with that particular child rather than punish the whole school.' Bellbridge Primary School principal Debbie Clancy said she became aware of the practice on Monday and has now stopped it. 'Of course, our students are free to go to the toilet whenever they need — and we would never stop a child from going to the toilet during class time, or penalise them for doing so,' Ms Clancy told the Herald Sun. 'A small number of classes have deducted points earned in the 'earn and learn' system as a way to discourage children from using the toilet during class time. 'As this does not fit in with our positive approach, this no longer occurs at our school.' | Primary school students punished for using bathroom during lesson time . At Bellbridge Primary School in Hoppers Crossing, south-west Melbourne . Parents say children have been wetting themselves in class . Bellbridge principal says the practice has now been stopped at the school . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | (CNN)They died in separate shootings. Separated by more than 2,000 miles, they lived with the peril and uncertainty that hundreds of thousands of U.S. law enforcement officers face each day. One was a 14-year veteran; the other a rookie on his first day out on his own. Two law enforcement officers, one in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and another in San Jose, California, were shot and killed in encounters with suspects Tuesday. Such encounters are all too common. The number of law enforcement officers shot to death in the line of duty rose more than 50% last year, according to the Washington-based National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. "Officers were obviously crying, grieving," said Officer Alberto Morales, a San Jose police department spokesman."They will do so for some time, as will many of us in the department." They were grieving for San Jose police Officer Michael Johnson, a veteran killed while responding to a report of a man threatening to kill himself, police said. The suspect in the San Jose shooting was found dead on his balcony with a gunshot wound, authorities said. Thousands of miles away, officers grieved the shooting death of Wisconsin State Trooper Trevor Casper, 21, of Kiel, according to the Wisconsin Professional Police Association. The suspect -- a suspected bank robber -- was killed. Casper had successfully completely his field training recently. He was on his first solo assignment, Capt. Anthony Burrell told reporters Wednesday. It's unclear whether the suspects were fatally shot by law enforcement officers or died of self-inflicted gunshot wounds. Johnson, a veteran, was killed while responding to a report of a man threatening to kill himself, police said. Part of his job was to work with new officers. Police received a call Tuesday evening about a "despondent, intoxicated man, who possibly had access to a weapon, including a rifle," said San Jose police Chief Larry Esquivel. When officers arrived at the scene, they were met with gunfire, said Esquivel, adding that investigators were still trying "to understand what truly happened." Johnson was the first San Jose officer killed in the line of duty in 14 years. The last officer killed in the line of duty, Jeffrey Fontana, was in the same academy graduating class, Esquivel said. "It's unfortunate for any of our officers to lose their lives, whether it's that class or any class," he said. It's not known whether the suspect was wounded in the exchange of gunfire, the police chief said. "SJPD grieves as we offer our condolences to the family of our brother," the police department tweeted. Morales said the death had shaken many officers. "Our hearts, prayers go out with the family of Michael, our brother. This is a very, very difficult time right now." He remembered Johnson's smile and bright eyes, how he was "full of life and cared a lot about his job." "It's a tough thing to relay to your fellow officers who have to go out there to continue to do this job," Morales said. "But rest assured, that we will keep him in our memories as we go out there and continue to do the job that we love to do, and I'm sure he loved to do." In Wisconsin, Casper was killed after chasing a bank robbery suspect in Fond du Lac, authorities said. He had been sworn in as a state trooper in December, according to media reports and a Facebook page dedicated to his memory. "Trevor Casper was a lively young man," Burrell recalled. "He was very excited about his opportunity to be a trooper... He always had a smile on his face. When we met several times, I always asked if he was having fun and his response was, 'I sure am,' with a smile on his face." Gunfire rang out when the trooper was pursuing a car that matched the description of one used in a bank robbery, CNN affiliate WITI-TV in Milwaukee reported. The suspect, identified as Steven Timothy Snyder, also died, according to the Wisconsin Department of Justice. No other details of the pursuit were available. Police believe the suspect may have shot and killed a man in his 60s after leaving the bank, the station reported. Authorities are not looking for any additional suspects. Lt. Col. Brian Rahn of the Wisconsin State Patrol said the rookie officer's handling of the fatal encounter was "absolute textbook -- from the time he made contact with the vehicle until the event was over." The Wisconsin Department of Justice's Division of Criminal Investigation will conduct an investigation, a requirement for officer-involved shootings in the state. "Our son Trevor was an amazing young man who from a young age would do anything to help anyone," the trooper's family said in a statement posted on Facebook. "It did not surprise us when he selected a career in law enforcement. Even as a young child he was always helping others. Trevor had a soft and good heart. He truly believed his sole purpose in life was to serve and protect others." When his family asked Casper whether he was ready for a career as a trooper, "Trevor proudly told us that he was 'born ready to do this job.' Trevor was so very proud of his career as a Wisconsin State Trooper. As a family we are so deeply honored that our son served as a law enforcement officer with the Wisconsin State Patrol and we share in their grief and loss. We are so deeply saddened by this loss and wish to thank everyone who has assisted us during this time," the statement added. The shooting occurred on the four-year anniversary of the death of Fond du Lac police Officer Craig Birkholz, who was shot and killed during a standoff with a suspect, WITI reported. "Our hearts go out to his fellow officers, his friends, and especially his family," said a statement on the Wisconsin Professional Police Association's Facebook page. "May we never forget his sacrifice and that of his loved ones who shared and supported his devotion to our common security." A total of 1,501 law enforcement officers died in the line of duty between 2004 and 2013 -- an average of one death every 58 hours, according to the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. CNN's John Newsome, Shane Deitert and Sam Stringer contributed to this report. | Wisconsin trooper killed during first solo assignment, police say . San Jose police officer is killed while responding to a report of a suicidal man . Wisconsin state trooper killed during an attempted bank robbery . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Floyd Mayweather's preparations for his upcoming fight with Manny Pacquiao have started to gather pace with the undefeated American beginning his second week of training. The 38-year-old, who will go toe-to-toe with Pacquiao in Las Vegas on May 2, has uploaded a video on to his official Instagram account which shows Mayweather training inside the boxing ring and working on his fitness ahead of the mega fight. Mayweather has been providing his fans with regular updates since his fight with Pacquiao was officially announced on February 21. Floyd Mayweather revealed on Instagram that he has started the second week of his training schedule . Mayweather takes part in a sparring session as he steps up his preparations for his next fight . The American throws a punch as he works on his technique ahead of his showdown with Pacquiao . He recently said his $300million fight against Pacquiao will be the 'biggest in boxing history'. Mayweather, speaking to Fight Hype, said the first week of training camp had 'gone tremendous thus far. He also thanked boxing legends such as Mike Tyson and Sugar Ray Robinson for paving the way for his success. 'Training camp has gone tremendously thus far, all I can do is just wait,' said Mayweather. 'This is not just a big fight, this is the biggest fight in boxing history. 'It is always being at your best, pushing yourself to the limit and just being sharp and smart. 'This fight will be a part of history. When you look back at Marvin Hagler, Sugar Ray Leonard, Tommy Hearns, Roberto Duran, Larry Holmes, Mike Tyson, Joe Louis, Sugar Ray Robinson, Wilfred Benitez, the Spinks brothers, Pernell Whitaker, James Toney, Cornelius Edwards and the list goes on and on. 'I just come in and take my hat off to the guys who paved the way for me to be where I am at today.' | Floyd Mayweather has started the second week of training ahead of fight . Mayweather will go toe-to-toe with Manny Pacquiao in Las Vegas on May 2 . READ: Mayweather claims Pacquiao fight will be 'biggest in boxing history' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | She's the daughter of the former Olympic champion Kriss Akabusi so it's little wonder that Shakira Martin, nee Akabusi, is a keen fitness fanatic. In fact, after starting out with a career in musical theater the pretty 27-year-old is now a fitness instructor who runs her own training business, The Natural Health Company. Now Shakira, from London, has decided to share her story of how she got back into shape in just eight weeks after giving birth to her baby boy, Rio, in a bid to inspire other new mothers. Scroll down for video . Shakira Martin has revealed to Femail how she has lost her baby weight in just seven weeks by exercising when her baby boy, Rio, is asleep . Shakira has been sharing her impressive results with her Instagram followers and says she wants to inspire other women . Shakira, who lives in London with her husband, Tom, said that she was horrified to find that while she was pregnant people were constantly telling her she'd never get her shape back. She said: 'It was amazing and it shocked me that everyone was saying to me, "You're never going to get your figure back." 'Even a midwife - not my own - said to me, "There's nothing you can do, your boobs will be saggy, you'll never get your stomach back." 'And I just thought it was very demoralising for me and for that to be the message going out to other women.' Shakira says that having being made to feel like there was no hope she made it her mission to prove people wrong. She said: 'In the end it was the best thing they could have said to me. I made it my mission to get back into shape and I even posted about it on my social media, I said to people, you can follow me as I do this. Shakira poses with her adorable son Rio, who was born at the beginning of January . Shakira, who works as a fitness instructor, put on weight as her bump grew during pregnancy . Shakira shared a photograph of herself on her first day back at the gym, she has since regained her impressive abs . 'Some people commented saying, "I can't believe you're so self obsessed", but it's not about that, it's about being happy and healthy and for me that means being in good shape. It's important to feel good about yourself.' Shakira says she carried on teaching her exercises until just five weeks before Rio's birth, but that didn't stop her putting on weight when she was pregnant. The usually slim and toned Mother said she put on over two and a half stone. 'I was still teaching my classes up until about five or six weeks before he was born,' she said. 'I obviously wasn't lifting any heavy weights any more but I was keeping active and I have a chocolate labrador so he always needs walking. She continued: 'They say you put on about two and a half stone during the pregnancy but I had put that on by six months and you could really see it in my face. 'I would be lying if I said it never bothered me, there was one time I wanted to buy a dress and it was the kind of thing I would have always loved to wear but I just couldn't. 'But I made the choice to become a mother and I think pregnant women look beautiful.' Shakira's first run came 15 days after she gave birth, she jogged for 15 minutes and says it's important to build up your exercise regime slowly . Shakira says one of her favourite things to do is to put on her music and dance around her house . Shakira regularly shares photographs of herself enjoying her work outs on Instagram . Shakira has been showing off pictures of how her body has been changing, these pictures were taken 15 days after she gave birth to baby Rio . Shakira, who has worked with the pop singer Jessie J, revealed that when it came to getting back into shape, she found it was important to take things one step at a time. She said: 'I had to accept, you know, I'm not going to have two hours to go to the gym. But you just have to fit it in where you can. 'I do my exercise in short sharp bursts so if that baby is sleeping for an hour I might do half an hour of exercise. 'I'm lucky enough to have a garden so I'll pop outside where I will do some high knees, jumping jacks, burpees, press ups then some tricep drips and sit ups.' And she'll even dance around her house in a bid to get fit: 'One of my favourite things to do is to put some music on my headphones and just dance around my bedroom. 'I must look completely crazy to anyone if they looked in but I love dancing - I used to do musical theatre and also one of the things I missed the most when I was pregnant and having a baby was being able to go out to a club and dance.' Shakira, pictured here on her wedding day with her father, is the daughter of former Olympic athlete Kriss Akabusi . Shakira's Father Kriss gives her away at her wedding to her husband Tom Martin, they now have a son together named Rio . Shakira says she started exercising again almost as soon as Rio was born: 'I started on day two, I started walking and I went for my first jog after two weeks - it was just 15 minutes but you can build up from there. 'When my husband is home at the weekend, I'll have breakfast and sometimes go to the gym for an hour. 'I'm breastfeeding which also burns a lot of calories and I'm lucky that I can express my milk and leave it with Tom while I pop out. For me it is a priority to be healthy and I want to be an inspiration for other women. 'I don't want to be a size zero, I enjoy the feeling of exercise and doing good for my body.' Shakira says she did put on weight while she was pregnant but that it didn't bother her too much because she feels pregnant women are beautiful . Shakira gives her little boy Rio a kiss as they pose for an adorable family photograph . Shakira says she eats healthily, but unlike a lot of dieters she doesn't cut out carbs. 'I can't have white bread but I have wholemeal bread and lots of eggs and lean meat like chicken and fish. 'People always say you should avoid carbs but for me if I want to keep my muscle and burn fat I have to eat carbs so I will have rice and pasta. She adds: 'One of my tricks is to carry dry cereal around in my bag, people always laugh but I hate the feeling of being hungry and that's far better than eating a packet of crisps. 'As a new mother you know you sometimes don't have time to prepare extravagant meals so I eat a lot of fruit and veg and toast.' Shakira says she tries to do four things a week whether they be a jog or dancing around her room, fitting in her exercise when baby Rio is sleeping. And her hard work has been praised by her friends. She posts regular pictures on Instagram and Twitter with one of her pals commenting on an amazing shot of her abs: 'Omg can I please look like you after I pop this little peanut out? You look amazing!!' Shakira shared this adorable snap of her and Rio and says she likes to try and exercise when he is sleeping . | Shakira Martin has got her abs back just eight weeks after giving birth . The 27-year-old is the daughter of former Olympian Kriss Akabusi . She tries to exercise four times a week when son Rio is sleeping . Shakira says: 'I want to be an inspiration to other women' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Britain’s top prosecutor was yesterday forced to deny conducting a ‘witch-hunt’ against journalists after tens of millions of pounds were spent investigating them. MPs accused Director of Public Prosecutions Alison Saunders of needlessly ruining lives by pursuing reporters over allegations then allowing them to languish on bail without being charged. Police and prosecutors have been criticised for arresting journalists on suspicion of a range of offences in the wake of phone-hacking allegations, rather than concentrating on terrorism, violent crime and serious fraud. MPs accused Director of Public Prosecutions Alison Saunders (pictured) of needlessly ruining lives by pursuing reporters over allegations then allowing them to languish on bail without being charged . An ongoing four-year investigation into alleged wrongdoing by reporters had cost £33.5million up to the end of September 2014. Since 2011, 64 journalists have been arrested but only ten convicted, four of them being jailed. One has accepted a caution and seven have been acquitted. No further action was taken against 25 of the other journalists investigated. Mrs Saunders was challenged as she gave evidence to the Commons Home Affairs select committee on police bail, following concerns suspects are being left in limbo. Conservative MP Michael Ellis said: ‘Are you conducting – you, the Crown Prosecution Service – a witch-hunt? An ongoing four-year investigation into alleged wrongdoing by reporters had cost £33.5million up to the end of September 2014 (file picture) ‘It is being suggested by more and more people that a witch-hunt is being conducted against journalists and celebrities. ‘Is it because of the groundswell of attention in this area that you are pursing these cases with insufficient evidence?’ Mrs Saunders said: ‘We are not conducting a witch-hunt against anyone, be it journalists or celebrities. 'We do not make any distinction when we look at cases as to who it is we are looking at. What we look at is the evidence.’ She insisted decisions should not be ‘made in haste’. | MPs have accused Alison Saunders of ruining lives by pursuing reporters . Many have been arrested and languished on bail without being charged . Since 2011, 64 journalists have been arrested but only ten were convicted . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Jonas Gutierrez says he will never forgive Newcastle United for the way he was treated during his battle with testicular cancer. The 31-year-old was told to find a new club when he returned having beaten the illness for the first time in November 2013. Gutierrez was eventually loaned out to Norwich City for the remainder of the season. The cancer, however, returned last summer and he underwent a course of chemotherapy in Argentina. Jonas Gutierrez has admitted he will never forgive Newcastle United for the way they treated him . Newcastle winger Gutierrez runs for the ball with Mathieu Flamini during their defeat by Arsenal . Gutierrez swaps shirts with Olivier Giroud after Arsenal beat Newcastle at St James' Park last week . Alan Pardew has since left Newcastle for Crystal Palace but the manager told Gutierrez to find a new club . He returned to Tyneside in December and was afforded an emotional welcome when he made his first appearance earlier this month during the 1-0 defeat at home to Manchester United. But Gutierrez – who paid for his own medical treatment - says he remains hurt by the manner in which the club hierarchy and manager Alan Pardew told him he was not needed following his initial battle with cancer. 'I won't be able to forgive the way I've been treated, no,' he said in an interview with Canal+. 'I don't think it was the right time nor the circumstances and I think at times like that, you should look after the individual, the player. 'I was operated on in Argentina. They removed the testicle. The post-surgery studies were good and well, I went back to England after being discharged. 'I returned mid-November (2013) and at the beginning to mid-December the manager said I should find myself another club, that it was best. I understand a lot of things about football that, well, that for the directors it is a business, no? Gutierrez pictured when he competed in the Buenos Aires marathon while he battled testicular cancer . Gutierrez gives a thumbs up as he ran the race in support of a cancer charity following his diagnosis . 'It is clear that they look after the club's interests, but I think in a situation like that, you need to save (consider) other things, even more as I had been playing for five years before having this problem. I was always playing. 'And I never asked for anything. I paid for it [medical treatment] because, for me, the most important thing was my health.' Gutierrez is out of contract in the summer and it is thought he will leave after seven years at St James' Park. However, the winger admits he would prefer to stay for at least one more season. 'I know the situation here (at Newcastle) isn't the easiest but I'm going to fight to remain here. Time will tell what I can do and it's in my control to leave everything, to give the best of me and see how far I can get,' he said. Gutierrez has returned to Newcastle and hopes to stay despite admitting he can never forgive them . Gutierrez smiles during Newcastle's warm-up ahead of their Premier League loss to Arsenal on March 21 . 'Without doubt one, after a problem like I had, sees things from a different perspective and the order of priorities changes. 'But it's also difficult to get other people to understand because for everyone their own troubles are more important, aren't they? 'I think the most important thing is health. Health and happiness. Sometimes we get into a lot of trouble for things that really aren't significant.' | Jonas Gutierrez was told to find a new club in November 2013 . The 31-year-old was eventually loaned out to Norwich City . The cancer returned last summer and he underwent chemotherapy . Gutierrez: 'I won't be able to forgive the way I've been treated' |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Manchester United defender Reece James is wanted by Fulham, Sheffield Wednesday and Huddersfield. The 21-year-old signed a contract extension with United last month after impressing Louis van Gaal but the Old Trafford club will consider whether to let him out to gain more game time and experience. Reece James has impressed Louis van Gaal but could be sent out on loan by Manchester United . James, 21, has already been sent on loan to Rotherham this season, but could be set for another move . James had a loan spell at Rotherham between November and January and has made one appearance for United this season in their ill-fated Capital One Cup defeat to MK Dons at the start of the season. The Championship trio are keen to add James's pace to their ranks as they look to finish the season with a flourish and, in Fulham's case, ensure they stay up. | Reece James is rated highly by Louis van Gaal . 21-year-old defender James signed a new contract last month . Fulham, Sheffield Wednesday and Huddersfield want him on loan . United could send him out to gain more experience . CLICK HERE for all the latest Manchester United news . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Paul Scholes has confirmed he will not be taking over as Oldham Athletic manager. As revealed by Sportsmail, the League One side wanted to make the Manchester United legend Lee Johnson's replacement but Scholes did not feel the timing was right. And the 40-year-old, who lives in the town, confirmed the decision in his column in the Independent on Friday. Paul Scholes is a lifelong Oldham Athletic fan but feels the timing is not right for the manager's job . Scholes says there is no way he would ever combine a coaching job with his work on television . He said he was tempted by the offer and believes he will one day manage Oldham but added: 'I just did not feel this was the right time. 'When I go into management, I want to do so with 100 per cent commitment. At the moment I have a lot of responsibilities and things going on in my life that I cannot simply drop immediately. Most importantly I have a young family who need their dad around, having been away a lot during my playing career. 'There was no way, for example, I would ever have tried to combine a coaching job with my work on television.' Scholes, who only played for Manchester United, has not ruled out being Oldham boss in the future . Lee Johnson left League One side Oldham Athletic to become manager of Barnsley . Former Oldham boss Iain Dowie is the fans' favourite for the job and is expected to meet chairman Simon Corney this weekend although whether the club can give him assurances over the availability of funds to strengthen the squad is unclear. Others linked with the post include ex-Chelsea defender Winston Bogarde, former Oldham striker Shefki Kuqi and Huddersfield Town coach Steve Eyre. Oldham, who go to Yeovil Town on Saturday, are three points outside the play-offs with a game in hand on many of their rivals. Coach Dean Holden is currently in charge, assisted by experienced defender Adam Lockwood. | Paul Scholes confirms he will not be taking over at Oldham Athletic . Former Manchester United midfielder felt the timing was not right . But he maintains that he will one day manage the League One club . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The Football Association is urging supporters to report sexist abuse at games after footage emerged of fans directing obscenities at Chelsea club doctor Eva Carneiro. Recordings of fans at Manchester United and Manchester City chanting and shouting abuse at Carneiro were broadcast by the BBC on Thursday night, prompting the Blues to call for an end to sexism in football. A spokesman for the Premier League leaders told the Guardian: 'The issue of equality is one we take extremely seriously and we abhor discrimination in all its forms, including sexism. Such behaviour is unacceptable and we want it eradicated from the game.' Recordings of fans at Manchester United and Manchester City were shown on BBC on Thursday night . Abuse was directed at Chelsea club doctor Eva Carneiro by opposition fans on seperate occasions . Chelsea have called for an end to sexism in football after fans directed abuse at their club doctor . FA board member Heather Rabbatts described the abuse as 'horrible' and urged supporters to notify officials if they witness such behaviour, telling the BBC: 'We are absolutely encouraging people to report incidents like this.' Campaign group Women in Football is launching an anti-sexism social media drive on Friday and has also contacted all 92 Premier League and Football League clubs asking them to champion female members of staff in their matchday programmes ahead of International Women's Day on March 8. Minister for Sport Helen Grant is supporting the initiative. She said: 'It is absolutely right that we champion and celebrate women who work in the football industry and play vital roles in making the game the success that it is. 'I want more women to get involved in football across the board and to see it as a great industry to work in. Sexism, in any shape or form, should not be tolerated so I applaud this push to encourage people to report any incidents of sexist abuse and for the promotion of inclusivity across football.' The incidents come after a study by anti-discrimination group Kick It Out revealed that 13 reports of sexism in English professional and grassroots football were made in the first half of the current season (August-December 2014). Kick It Out went on to reveal that two sexism complaints were made during the 2013-14 season. Demba Ba is treated for a broken nose by doctor Carneiro after being kicked in the face against Newcastle . Chelsea's Kurt Zouma is tended to by Carneiro as he is stretchered off after a collision in the penalty area . Petr Cech of Chelsea goes off injured with medic Carneiro during the semi-final with Atletico Madrid . | The FA is urging supporters to report sexist abuse at matches . Chelsea club doctor Eva Carneiro was the target of abuse at recent games . FA board member Heather Rabbatts described the abuse as 'horrible' Manchester United and Manchester City are two of the teams involved . The BBC broadcasted the two fan groups on television on Thursday night . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | Inter still retain hope of qualifying for Europe next year, but they continued to struggle after managing just a draw against lowly Cesena. Roberto Mancini’s side didn't manage a shot on target in the first half and Cesena took the lead on the half hour when Gregoire Defrel sprinted onto Carlos Carbonero's ball over the top and lobbed it over Samir Handanovic. To their credit, Inter came out a different side after the break. A subdued celebration as Inter Milan equalise through Rodrigo Palacia against Cesena on Sunday . Second bottom of the Serie A, Cesena opened the scoring with a lobbed finish from Gregoire Defrel . Defrel celebrates with a gun-toting salute as the relegation strugglers took a shock lead over Inter . They thought Mauro Icardi’s acrobatic overhead kick had levelled for the hosts immediately after the interval but it was wrongly ruled out for offside. Inter did equalise moments later when Rodrigo Palacio slotted in Icardi's cross at the near post from close range. Lukas Podolski almost scored his first goal for Inter since joining from Arsenal in January but saw his effort crash off the inside of the left upright. The point leaves Inter level with Genoa in seventh, five points adrift of Fiorentina and Sampdoria in fifth and sixth. Argentine Palacio holds off Cesena's towering Icelandic midfielder Hordur Bjorgvin Magnusson . Inter boss Roberto Mancini can hardly watch as his side fight to save face against the battlers . Lukas Podolski looks up after crashing a shot into the post that would have won the match for his side and opened his account in the Serie A . | Relegation-threatened Cesena took the lead through Gregoire Defrel . Rodrigo Palacio equalised for Inter Milan early in the second half . Mauro Icradi’s acrobatic overhead kick was wrongly ruled out for offside . Lukas Podolski went close to opening his account for Inter hitting the post . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | When Adam Scott waved a short putter to magical effect during the first round of the WGC-Cadillac Championship at Doral on Thursday, he effectively consigned to history one of the most contentious subjects the game has known. Nine months ahead of the official death knell for long putters, the great and good have seemingly imposed their own sanction. The banishment was started by Ernie Els and Webb Simpson, who snapped his over his knee to ensure he would not be tempted any more. Then came Keegan Bradley, leaving Scott as the last man standing in terms of players who won majors using a long putter. Australian Adam Scott putts for birdie on the eighth green during the WGC-Cadillac Championship . Scott watches his tee shot on the 14th hole in the second round of the WGC-Cadillac Championship . It was this group who forced the hands of the governing bodies when they claimed all four majors between them in the space of just 18 months, from Bradley's PGA Championship triumph in 2011 through to Scott's Masters victory in 2013. The authorities were persuaded by the powerful evidence that less nerve was needed in anchoring a long putter to the body and the plain inequity that such a crutch could prove decisive at a major. Hence the ban on anchoring which, by extension, meant the end for long putters. Scott was the most high-profile since his long putter was the ugliest contraption of all. As long as he kept turning up with it in his bag, the subject rumbled on. It was during a three-month break that the genial Australian decided it was time to change. His caddie Steve Williams had announced his retirement while Scott's wife had given birth to their first child, Bo. 'Everything was getting a little boring so I thought why not change everything completely and ditch the putter as well,' said Scott (right), wryly. At home he experimented with a range of 50 different putters. He tried various grips and methods. By the time he arrived in Miami, Scott was confident enough to announce he was going back to the short putter he last wielded in competition in 2011. Scott plays his second shot on the 10th hole in the second round of the WGC-Cadillac Championship . The Australian chips the ball out of the bunker and onto the 11th green at the WGC-Cadillac Championship . The 34-year-old admitted to some first-hole nerves and genuine concern as to how it would hold up over long putts. As things turned out, it went better than he could have imagined. Using the 'claw' grip favoured by Sergio Garcia, the putting stroke looked pure and he had just 27 putts in an opening round of 70. 'I'm really pleased,' Scott said afterwards. 'I've tried not to clutter my mind and I've shown myself it is not that big a deal. It helps that I used a short putter for years, so the adjustment was really to do with muscle memory.' One or two middle-ranking players such as the Swede Carl Pettersson and South African Tim Clark still use long putters. But even here they will surely take encouragement from the example of those at the top. As for Scott, did he ever feel like following Simpson's example and snapping his putter in two? 'It treated me pretty well, so I don't think it deserves a snapping,' he said, smiling. Scott's two-under-par round left him in the top 10 but still eight strokes behind runaway leader JB Holmes, who carded a 62. 'That's the most unbelievable round I have ever seen,' said Ian Poulter, who opened with a 74 — one worse than world No 1 Rory McIlroy. For Holmes, it was another heartening milestone in his remarkable recovery from brain surgery three years ago. The 34-year-old Scott watches his tee shot on the 12th hole at the WGC-Cadillac Championship . | Adam Scott is now using a short putter at the WGC-Cadillac Championship . The transition has gone very smoothly for the US Masters Champion . He shot two under round off the back of a strong short game at Doral . Short putters will be introduced across golf by January 1, 2016 . |
What do you know about Apache Spark? | Apache Spark is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley's AMPLab, the Spark codebase was later donated to the Apache Software Foundation, which has maintained it since. | Apache Spark is an open-source analytics engine for large-scale data processing. |
From these paragraphs, give me a list of Southeast Asian regions that decolonised after World War II. | With the rejuvenated nationalist movements in wait, the Europeans returned to a very different Southeast Asia after World War II. Indonesia declared independence on 17 August 1945 and subsequently fought a bitter war against the returning Dutch; the Philippines was granted independence by the United States in 1946; Burma secured their independence from Britain in 1948, and the French were driven from Indochina in 1954 after a bitterly fought war (the Indochina War) against the Vietnamese nationalists. The United Nations provided a forum for nationalism, post-independent self-definition, nation-building and the acquisition of territorial integrity for many newly independent nations.
During the Cold War, countering the threat of communism was a major theme in the decolonisation process. After suppressing the communist insurrection during the Malayan Emergency from 1948 to 1960, Britain granted independence to Malaya and later, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak in 1957 and 1963 respectively within the framework of the Federation of Malaysia. In one of the most bloody single incidents of violence in Cold War Southeast Asia, General Suharto seized power in Indonesia in 1965 and initiated a massacre of approximately 500,000 alleged members of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI).
Following the independence of the Indochina states with the battle of Dien Bien Phu, North Vietnamese attempts to conquer South Vietnam resulted in the Vietnam War. The conflict spread to Laos and Cambodia and heavy intervention from the United States. By the war's end in 1975, all these countries were controlled by communist parties. After the communist victory, two wars between communist states—the Cambodian–Vietnamese War of 1975–89 and the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979—were fought in the region. The victory of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia resulted in the Cambodian genocide.
In 1975, Portuguese rule ended in East Timor. However, independence was short-lived as Indonesia annexed the territory soon after. However, after more than 20 years of fighting Indonesia, East Timor won its independence and was recognised by the UN in 2002. Finally, Britain ended its protectorate of the Sultanate of Brunei in 1984, marking the end of European rule in Southeast Asia. | The Southeast Asian regions that achieved independence are: Indonesia, the Philippines, Burma, Indochina, Malaya, Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak, East Timor, and the Sultanate of Brunei. |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | The former Maine summer home of beauty magnate Elizabeth Arden has been purchased by a nonprofit dedicated to disabled veterans. The Travis Mills Foundation - named after a former Army staff sergeant who became a quadruple amputee after a 2012 Afghanistan bomb blast - announced the purchase Tuesday. The foundation said in a release it intends to make extensive renovations to the property and convert it 'into the nation's first fully accessible, "smart home" retreat dedicated to serving the recreational and reintegration needs of combat-wounded veterans and their families.' Married to wife Kelsey and father to daughter Chloe, Mills established the foundation bearing his name and is now a motivational speaker. The estate was placed on the market last summer for $765,000, but the foundation did not announce the purchase price. Purchase: The Travis Mills Foundation has purchased a Maine home that was once Elizabeth Arden's Maine Chance Spa . Off the market: The estate was placed on the market last summer for $765,000, but the foundation did not announce the purchase price . Beauty magnate: Arden, seen left, built the main house in the town of Rome as her summer estate in the 1920s and later established the Maine Chance Spa at the site. Women are seen on the right at the spa in 1948 . New purpose: The Travis Miller Foundation is named after a former Army staff sergeant severely injured in a 2012 Afghanistan bomb blast who became a quadruple amputee. Miller is seen here with his family . Mills told The Kennebec Journal of the purchase, 'We're definitely excited,' and said that there is no opening date arranged yet. The Travis Mills Foundation is hoping to gather $1.7 million for renovations - and over $27,400 has already been raised, according to a GoFundMe page. The page says, 'On April 10, 2012, United States Army Staff Sergeant Travis Mills of the 82nd Airborne was critically injured on his third tour of duty in Afghanistan by an IED (improvised explosive device) while on patrol, losing portions of both legs and both arms. He is one of only five quadruple amputees from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to survive such extensive injuries.' Mills received extended treatment from Walter Reed Army Medical Center, CNN reported last year. Now, he participates in a number of physical activities, including snowboarding, according to the television station. Mills told CNN 'I'm not wounded any more. I'm just a guy living life.' Expansive: The property once covered 1,200 acres but was subdivided after Arden's 1966 death . Father: Mills, seen left with his daughter Chloe before the accident, now works as a motivational speaker . Efforts: The foundation has already raised over $27,000 in donations . In a trailer for a documentary on his life, 'Travis: A Soldier's Story,' Mills said 'You know, people call me a hero, but I'm not sure what part of it makes me a hero. I just had a normal day at work that turned ugly. 'About six seconds [after the explosion] I guess later, I woke up. My medic came running up at me. And about twenty seconds he had tourniquets on both legs and both arms. And I guess the last thing that was in my head was my baby girl. Am I ever going to see her again?' 'My goal was to let them know I keep working, I keep going hard,' he also said in the trailer. 'If I give up, I'm giving up on my family.' Arden built the main house in the town of Rome as her summer estate in the 1920s and later established the Maine Chance Spa at the site. Mamie Eisenhower, Judy Garland, and Ava Gardner were among the guests. The property once covered 1,200 acres but was subdivided after Arden's 1966 death. The Kennebec Journal reported last year that the Maine Chance Spa was primarily a weight-loss spa, but also featured a number of beauty treatments. According to the news outlet, the spa had green houses, living spaces for staff, as well as exercise spaces, treatment rooms, and guest lodgings. Stefano Tufano, whose parents purchased the spa in the 1970s, told WLBZ in 2014 'You research it and to find out it was the first spa in the history of the United States and all the famous people that stayed here, Judy Garland, the First Lady Maime Eisenhower and you know, it was quite a place. 'In today's money, it was $4,000 a week to stay here. So, it was an exclusive women's club back then, very few people could afford to come here.' Property maintenance led to Tufano wanting to sell, WLBZ reported. Changing lives: Mills poses for a snap with his daughter Chloe, wife Kelsey, and former president George W. Bush . Tragedy: Mills lost his limbs while serving a third tour of duty in Afghanistan . | The former Maine summer home of beauty magnate Elizabeth Arden has been purchased by a nonprofit . The Travis Mills Foundation, which is dedicated to disabled veterans, announced the purchase Tuesday . Arden built the main house in the town of Rome as her summer estate in the 1920s and later established the Maine Chance Spa at the site . Mamie Eisenhower, Judy Garland, and Ava Gardner were among the guests . |
Given the below context. Generate a summary of the text | South Africa won their first knockout match ever in a World Cup as they cruised to a nine-wicket victory over Sri Lanka in their quarter-final on Wednesday. In what proved to be Kumar Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene’s final one-day international matches for Sri Lanka, South Africa showed they are not a side willing to hold on to the tag of ‘chokers’. An immense display with the ball, from spinners Imran Tahir and JP Duminy, and in the field helped South Africa bowl out their opponents for a paltry 133, before the under-pressure Quinton de Kock hit a sublime unbeaten 78. JP Duminy leaps in celebration as he claims the wicket of Tharindu Kaushal on his way to a hat-trick . South Africa celebrate the opening wicket of Kusal Perera in their dominant quarter-final win over Sri Lanka . Proteas fast bowler Kyle Abbott jumps for joy after catching the edge of Sri Lankan opener Perera . Keeper Quinton de Kock claims the catch as Sri Lanka's first wicket falls for just three runs . With all the pre-game talk being dominated about South Africa’s failure to win a single knock-out match since their reintroduction into international cricket 20 years ago, they looked like a team intent on proving they have the ability and nerve to go all the way. After Rangana Herath was ruled out for rest of the tournament, Tharindu Kaushal became only the second player ever to make his one-day international debut in a World Cup match as he took his place. Following Sri Lanka winning the toss, captain Angelo Matthews drew a likeness between the mystery spinner and Muttiah Muralitharan. But it was tough introduction to international cricket for the 19-year-old as Sri Lanka wilted under the pressure of a knockout game, a scenario South Africa are more than accustomed too. At a sun-bathed Sydney Cricket Ground, choosing to bat first seemed like it gave the 2011 World Cup finalists the edge but they collapsed to 4-2 after just four overs. Lahiru Thirimanne showed intent to reach 41 from 48 deliveries against a quality South African attack . Leg-spinner Imran Tahir celebrates after taking a catch off his own bowling to dismiss Thirimanne . Kusal Perera, who had been pushed to the top of the batting order in an attempt to take the attack to the South African bowlers, fell to the increasingly impressive Kyle Abbott. De Kock took a sensational one-handed diving catch, at the second attempt, after Perera edged behind for just three. And fellow opener Tilakaratne Dilshan fell for a duck as he edged a sharp Dale Steyn delivery that was caught by Faf du Plessis at slip, despite the ball dying on him. Lahiru Thirimanna then joined Sangakkara as the pair looked to resurrect and rebuild Sri Lanka’s innings. Despite having four consecutive hundreds to his name coming into the match, Sangakkara looked more like a player terribly out of touch and searching for runs. Having taken 16 balls to score his first run, it took 42 to hit his first boundary as the South Africans pushed for further breakthroughs. At the other end, Thirimanne was batting far more fluently and despite his partner’s troubles, Sri Lanka were finding their way back into the quarter-final. However, the introduction of the South African spinners proved to be the turning point. Kumar Sangakkara, in his last ODI match for his country, attempts to hold the inning together as wickets fall . Also in his final World Cup match, Mahela Jayawardene fell cheaply to the South African spinner for four . Jayawardene trudges off the Sydney Cricket Ground after Faf du Plessis took the catch from Tahir's bowling . South African all-rounder JP Duminy celebrates as he takes the wicket of Sri Lanka captain Angelo Mathews . Kumar Sangakkara's incredible form continued as the Sri Lankan veteran got off to another top start . But after three successive hundreds at the World Cup, Morne Morkel ended his innings on 45 off 96 balls . The constantly excitable Tahir took a simple caught-and-bowled as Thirimanne threw away his wicket to bring Jayawardene to the crease. Despite being 69-3, with two Sri Lankan legends at the crease playing alongside each other in an ODI for the 150th time, there was a feeling that they could still post a competitive total. But having made just four off 16 balls, Jayawardene walked off the cricket field for the last time in his career as Tahir had him caught at short midwicket. And it was South Africa’s fifth bowler, Duminy, who caused the greatest damage as he became the eighth player in World Cup history to take a hat-trick. A poor shot from Matthews, after he looked set, as he tried to whip a flighted delivery from outside off through midwicket was the 30-year-old’s first scalp from the last ball of his eighth over. Nuwan Kulasekara walked after the thinnest of edges was caught by De Kock before debutant Kaushal tried to play around the ball and was trapped plumb in front. Quinton de Kock opens up his shoulders as the South Africa opener takes to the Sri Lankan bowling . The left-hander sweeps on his way to 78 runs from just 57 balls as the Proteas chase down 133 . De Kock, keen to hit his way back in to form, celebrates reaching a sublime half-century . With Sangakkara’s batting partners deserting him the left-hander attempted to open up but having made 45 he holed out to deep mid-wicket off Morne Morkel. As Sri Lanka’s leading run-scorer trudged off the SCG in his last one-day international for his country there was a sudden downpour, as if even those in heaven were crying tears of sadness. Even with South Africa’s dismal knockout record, failing to score 134 seemed even beyond them and when Hashim Amla hit the first ball of the innings for four the omens seemed to be good for them. Despite having a previous high score of just 26 thus far in the World Cup, De Kock played fluently, hitting 12 fours on the way to making 78 off 57-balls. At the close of the match, South African captain AB de Villiers asked for Jayawardene’s shirt, a sign that every player knew the magnitude of losing a great player. For South Africa they executed their game plan perfectly, ticking every single box possible to show the watching world that they are serious World Cup contenders. | Sri Lanka was bowled out cheaply for 133 from 37.2 overs . Imran Tahir took four wickets and JP Duminy claimed a hat-trick . South Africa had never before won a World Cup knockout match . Kumar Sangakkara was out for 45 in his final ODI for Sri Lanka . Proteas reached the target off 18 overs with nine wickets in hand . |
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