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56f6f92b3d8e2e1400e37300 | A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same. | Who are the actors in international law? | false | sovereign states and international organizations | 101 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who are the actors in international law?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an (international) agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. Regardless of terminology, all of these forms of agreements are, under international law, equally considered treaties and the rules are the same.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
sovereign states and international organizations
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
101
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f956539b226e1400dd1359 | The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years. | On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales? | false | January 12 | 454 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
January 12
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
454
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57269a315951b619008f77a6 | Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west. | The average rainfall level of somerset | false | Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in) | 1,177 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The average rainfall level of somerset
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common. In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, but convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours. In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most the rainfall in the south-west is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in)
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
1177
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad4b42c5b96ef001a109df8 | The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses, a pier and an Army depot. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878. | What was the main flaw of San Francisco's original location? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was the main flaw of San Francisco's original location?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses, a pier and an Army depot. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad393ce604f3c001a3fe6ee | This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, "bedroom" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla. | Who wasn't the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who wasn't the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, "bedroom" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad0d23a645df0001a2d051c | According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship. | What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad396d7604f3c001a3fe7a2 | The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a "data campus" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints "from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan." The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia. | How many field offices in major cities does the CIA have? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many field offices in major cities does the CIA have?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a "data campus" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints "from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan." The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0a | Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus. | In what yer did Muhammad die? | false | 632 | 468 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what yer did Muhammad die?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
632
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
468
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
570ce659fed7b91900d45aa1 | The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs. | What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture? | false | Macintosh | 241 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Macintosh
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
241
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56cdcbb762d2951400fa683c | Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program. | How many people were left homeless because of the earthquake? | false | 4.8 million | 205 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many people were left homeless because of the earthquake?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
4.8 million
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
205
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad211e7d7d075001a4282df | In his 1805 mandolin method, Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi, Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached. Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments. Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone." He favored the four single strings of the Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan. | What was Bartolomeo Bortolazzi's unpopular mandolin method? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was Bartolomeo Bortolazzi's unpopular mandolin method?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In his 1805 mandolin method, Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi, Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached. Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments. Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone." He favored the four single strings of the Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66a9 | In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consultations between private diviners and their clients were thus suspect. So were divinatory techniques such as astrology when used for illicit, subversive or magical purposes. Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. "Egyptian rites" were particularly suspect: Augustus banned them within the pomerium to doubtful effect; Tiberius repeated and extended the ban with extreme force in AD 19. Despite several Imperial bans, magic and astrology persisted among all social classes. In the late 1st century AD, Tacitus observed that astrologers "would always be banned and always retained at Rome". | What action was not to be sought by state diviners? | false | foretelling the future | 280 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What action was not to be sought by state diviners?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consultations between private diviners and their clients were thus suspect. So were divinatory techniques such as astrology when used for illicit, subversive or magical purposes. Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. "Egyptian rites" were particularly suspect: Augustus banned them within the pomerium to doubtful effect; Tiberius repeated and extended the ban with extreme force in AD 19. Despite several Imperial bans, magic and astrology persisted among all social classes. In the late 1st century AD, Tacitus observed that astrologers "would always be banned and always retained at Rome".
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
foretelling the future
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
280
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
573405aa4776f41900661719 | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979. | Who is the 'Queen of Music'? | false | Malika-i-Mauseequi | 450 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who is the 'Queen of Music'?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, Arif Lohar, Ahmad Nawaz Cheena and Hamid Ali Bela are well-known. In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Malika-i-Mauseequi
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
450
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ace2dc432bba1001ae49cd2 | In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. | Who continued to distribute Epic and Oprah label material? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who continued to distribute Epic and Oprah label material?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e78e9800c9c71400d772b8 | Named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by Princeton Review, the KU School of Business has been continually accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for both its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting. | What organization provides oversight for business schools like KU's? | false | the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business | 136 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What organization provides oversight for business schools like KU's?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by Princeton Review, the KU School of Business has been continually accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for both its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
136
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
570a58de6d058f1900182d7c | Emotions are complex. According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency. Extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the driving force behind motivation, positive or negative. Definition has been described as is a "positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity." According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components | What type of people hide their emotions? | false | introverted | 455 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What type of people hide their emotions?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Emotions are complex. According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency. Extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the driving force behind motivation, positive or negative. Definition has been described as is a "positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity." According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
introverted
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
455
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ace3d7d32bba1001ae49fee | Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level. | What is the smallest of the Mariana Islands? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the smallest of the Mariana Islands?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572e81f2cb0c0d14000f1206 | The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century. | What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War? | false | reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century | 446 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
446
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a3ae0193ff257001ab842d5 | The exact relationship between these eight groups is not yet clear, although there is agreement that the first three groups to diverge from the ancestral angiosperm were Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales. The term basal angiosperms refers to these three groups. Among the rest, the relationship between the three broadest of these groups (magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots) remains unclear. Some analyses make the magnoliids the first to diverge, others the monocots. Ceratophyllum seems to group with the eudicots rather than with the monocots. | What do some eudicots indicate diverged first? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What do some eudicots indicate diverged first?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The exact relationship between these eight groups is not yet clear, although there is agreement that the first three groups to diverge from the ancestral angiosperm were Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales. The term basal angiosperms refers to these three groups. Among the rest, the relationship between the three broadest of these groups (magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots) remains unclear. Some analyses make the magnoliids the first to diverge, others the monocots. Ceratophyllum seems to group with the eudicots rather than with the monocots.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f97e319b226e1400dd14c3 | Furthermore, even single neurons appear to be complex and capable of performing computations. So, brain models that don't reflect this are arguably too abstractive to be representative of brain operation; models that do try to capture this are very computationally expensive and arguably intractable with present computational resources. However, having said this, the Human Brain Project is trying to build a realistic, detailed computational model of the entire human brain. It remains to be seen what level of success they can achieve in the time frame of the project and the wisdom of it has been publicly contested, with high-profile scientists on both sides of the argument. | What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain? | false | the Human Brain Project | 365 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Furthermore, even single neurons appear to be complex and capable of performing computations. So, brain models that don't reflect this are arguably too abstractive to be representative of brain operation; models that do try to capture this are very computationally expensive and arguably intractable with present computational resources. However, having said this, the Human Brain Project is trying to build a realistic, detailed computational model of the entire human brain. It remains to be seen what level of success they can achieve in the time frame of the project and the wisdom of it has been publicly contested, with high-profile scientists on both sides of the argument.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the Human Brain Project
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
365
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f71800711bf01900a44947 | After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year. | Where was Broz's work camp? | false | Ural Mountains | 69 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Where was Broz's work camp?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Ural Mountains
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
69
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5725d9dd89a1e219009abfb9 | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent? | false | Edison | 39 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Edison
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
39
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57324b820fdd8d15006c6931 | In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany. | When did Operation Overlord take place? | false | June 1944 | 486 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did Operation Overlord take place?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In December 1943, President Roosevelt decided that Eisenhower – not Marshall – would be Supreme Allied Commander in Europe. The following month, he resumed command of ETOUSA and the following month was officially designated as the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. He was charged in these positions with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the liberation of Western Europe and the invasion of Germany.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
June 1944
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
486
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5734192ad058e614000b6942 | There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is Fort Peck Reservoir on the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world. Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. | How many named lakes are there in Montana? | false | at least 3,223 | 10 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many named lakes are there in Montana?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
There are at least 3,223 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. The largest reservoir in the state is Fort Peck Reservoir on the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world. Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
at least 3,223
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
10
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572764c9f1498d1400e8f755 | The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introduction of pasteurized milk has almost completely eliminated this as a public health problem in developed countries. M. canetti is rare and seems to be limited to the Horn of Africa, although a few cases have been seen in African emigrants. M. microti is also rare and is seen almost only in immunodeficient people, although its prevalence may be significantly underestimated. | Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa? | false | M. canetti | 410 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introduction of pasteurized milk has almost completely eliminated this as a public health problem in developed countries. M. canetti is rare and seems to be limited to the Horn of Africa, although a few cases have been seen in African emigrants. M. microti is also rare and is seen almost only in immunodeficient people, although its prevalence may be significantly underestimated.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
M. canetti
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
410
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e74de737bdd419002c3e4a | The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to US DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes. | What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition? | false | 1987 | 535 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to US DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1987
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
535
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
570e1d420b85d914000d7cdb | There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their Committee for Environmental Protection and in partnership with IAATO, "site use guidelines" setting landing limits and closed or restricted zones on the more frequently visited sites. Antarctic sightseeing flights (which did not land) operated out of Australia and New Zealand until the fatal crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 in 1979 on Mount Erebus, which killed all 257 aboard. Qantas resumed commercial overflights to Antarctica from Australia in the mid-1990s. | When did an Air New Zealand crash on Mount Erebus? | false | 1979 | 652 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did an Air New Zealand crash on Mount Erebus?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
There has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to develop, through their Committee for Environmental Protection and in partnership with IAATO, "site use guidelines" setting landing limits and closed or restricted zones on the more frequently visited sites. Antarctic sightseeing flights (which did not land) operated out of Australia and New Zealand until the fatal crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 in 1979 on Mount Erebus, which killed all 257 aboard. Qantas resumed commercial overflights to Antarctica from Australia in the mid-1990s.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1979
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
652
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5acfb2a277cf76001a68594b | Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent. In other nations, such as Australia, the governor-general merely signs the bill. In Canada, the governor general may give assent either in person at a ceremony held in the Senate or by a written declaration notifying parliament of his or her agreement to the bill. | In America, the governor-general merely does what to a bill? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In America, the governor-general merely does what to a bill?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent. In other nations, such as Australia, the governor-general merely signs the bill. In Canada, the governor general may give assent either in person at a ceremony held in the Senate or by a written declaration notifying parliament of his or her agreement to the bill.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5727b2003acd2414000de9fb | The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit, premiered 5 October 2010 and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011 the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance. | What is the name of the actor who played the subway beat boxer? | false | Chesney Snow | 548 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the name of the actor who played the subway beat boxer?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway, In Transit, premiered 5 October 2010 and was produced by Primary Stages with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and Sara Wordsworth. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor Chesney Snow performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011 the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Chesney Snow
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
548
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a8c4347fd22b3001a8d8674 | Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation. | What is used to create the problem of looping? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is used to create the problem of looping?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5726910cdd62a815002e89d4 | Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be. | "Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch? | false | boomhuis | 356 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
"Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
boomhuis
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
356
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56dc544814d3a41400c267c0 | In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA. | What is the content of the human genome? | false | DNA | 108 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the content of the human genome?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
DNA
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
108
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731aab1b9d445190005e443 | Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European "foreign power elite" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. Furthermore, in a cathartic blow to the US-backed elite, it questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua. | Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change? | false | Representatives | 0 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European "foreign power elite" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. Furthermore, in a cathartic blow to the US-backed elite, it questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Representatives
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
0
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572ff9bf04bcaa1900d76f96 | Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching. The resistance, determined by width and thickness, of the traces must be sufficiently low for the current the conductor will carry. Power and ground traces may need to be wider than signal traces. In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return. For microwave circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in the form of stripline and microstrip with carefully controlled dimensions to assure a consistent impedance. In radio-frequency and fast switching circuits the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant circuit elements, usually undesired; but they can be used as a deliberate part of the circuit design, obviating the need for additional discrete components. | Along with thickness, what determines the resistance of a trace? | false | width | 120 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Along with thickness, what determines the resistance of a trace?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Each trace consists of a flat, narrow part of the copper foil that remains after etching. The resistance, determined by width and thickness, of the traces must be sufficiently low for the current the conductor will carry. Power and ground traces may need to be wider than signal traces. In a multi-layer board one entire layer may be mostly solid copper to act as a ground plane for shielding and power return. For microwave circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in the form of stripline and microstrip with carefully controlled dimensions to assure a consistent impedance. In radio-frequency and fast switching circuits the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant circuit elements, usually undesired; but they can be used as a deliberate part of the circuit design, obviating the need for additional discrete components.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
width
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
120
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572ac0e134ae481900deacab | In 1996, Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld, a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71% of the vote. The race was covered nationwide as one of the most closely watched Senate races that year. Kerry and Weld held several debates and negotiated a campaign spending cap of $6.9 million at Kerry's Beacon Hill townhouse. Both candidates spent more than the cap, with each camp accusing the other of being first to break the agreement. During the campaign, Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention. Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld's 45 percent. | When was Weld re-elected governor? | false | 1994 | 140 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was Weld re-elected governor?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1996, Kerry faced a difficult re-election fight against Governor William Weld, a popular Republican incumbent who had been re-elected in 1994 with 71% of the vote. The race was covered nationwide as one of the most closely watched Senate races that year. Kerry and Weld held several debates and negotiated a campaign spending cap of $6.9 million at Kerry's Beacon Hill townhouse. Both candidates spent more than the cap, with each camp accusing the other of being first to break the agreement. During the campaign, Kerry spoke briefly at the 1996 Democratic National Convention. Kerry won re-election with 53 percent to Weld's 45 percent.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1994
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
140
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5acf9c4777cf76001a6854ae | In contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European "federalism" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has increased, some people have perceived a much more unitary state than they believe the Founding Fathers intended. Most people politically advocating "federalism" in the United States argue in favor of limiting the powers of the federal government, especially the judiciary (see Federalist Society, New Federalism). | What branch does the United Nations want to limit under the federalist model? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What branch does the United Nations want to limit under the federalist model?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European "federalism" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has increased, some people have perceived a much more unitary state than they believe the Founding Fathers intended. Most people politically advocating "federalism" in the United States argue in favor of limiting the powers of the federal government, especially the judiciary (see Federalist Society, New Federalism).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad259dbd7d075001a428e20 | Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysical ideas, about moral values and even about purposes is possible. Popper's student W.W. Bartley III tried to radicalise this idea and made the controversial claim that not only can criticism go beyond empirical knowledge, but that everything can be rationally criticised. | Who was W.W. Bartley III's student? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who was W.W. Bartley III's student?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysical ideas, about moral values and even about purposes is possible. Popper's student W.W. Bartley III tried to radicalise this idea and made the controversial claim that not only can criticism go beyond empirical knowledge, but that everything can be rationally criticised.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad1756f645df0001a2d1cb9 | The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1959 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos (see Secret War) and in the strategic bombing (see Operation Rolling Thunder) of North Vietnam. American advisors came in the late 1950s to help the RVN (Republic of Vietnam) combat Communist insurgents known as "Viet Cong." Major American military involvement began in 1964, after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. | When did American military involvement ramp up in China? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did American military involvement ramp up in China?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Vietnam War was a war fought between 1959 and 1975 on the ground in South Vietnam and bordering areas of Cambodia and Laos (see Secret War) and in the strategic bombing (see Operation Rolling Thunder) of North Vietnam. American advisors came in the late 1950s to help the RVN (Republic of Vietnam) combat Communist insurgents known as "Viet Cong." Major American military involvement began in 1964, after Congress provided President Lyndon B. Johnson with blanket approval for presidential use of force in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5727df564b864d1900163ef8 | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly? | false | 1992 | 72 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1992
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
72
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5acea1d532bba1001ae4ae09 | In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research. | Who ranked the school's MAcc program No. 8 and No. 3 respectively? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who ranked the school's MAcc program No. 8 and No. 3 respectively?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572f376004bcaa1900d7678c | Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another much the way fig wasps do today, could result in the development of a high degree of specialization in both the plant(s) and their partners. Note that the wasp example is not incidental; bees, which, it is postulated, evolved specifically due to mutualistic plant relationships, are descended from wasps. | How did an isolated setting like an island help flowering plants evolve? | false | highly specialized relationship with some specific animal | 436 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How did an isolated setting like an island help flowering plants evolve?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another much the way fig wasps do today, could result in the development of a high degree of specialization in both the plant(s) and their partners. Note that the wasp example is not incidental; bees, which, it is postulated, evolved specifically due to mutualistic plant relationships, are descended from wasps.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
highly specialized relationship with some specific animal
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
436
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5728c9942ca10214002da7d9 | Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F). | How is Paris' climate categorized? | false | mild and moderately wet | 183 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How is Paris' climate categorized?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
mild and moderately wet
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
183
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572947453f37b319004781fb | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status: | What do people desire to use science to confirm? | false | their claims about ancestry | 498 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What do people desire to use science to confirm?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention to the importance of "ancestry" (narrowly defined, as it does not include all ancestors) in some religions and in popular culture, and people's desire to use science to confirm their claims about ancestry; this "race science", she argues, is fundamentally different from older notions of race that were used to explain differences in human behaviour or social status:
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
their claims about ancestry
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
498
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731bd96b9d445190005e4ee | The small woolen dolls called Maniae, hung on the Compitalia shrines, were thought a symbolic replacement for child-sacrifice to Mania, as Mother of the Lares. The Junii took credit for its abolition by their ancestor L. Junius Brutus, traditionally Rome's Republican founder and first consul. Political or military executions were sometimes conducted in such a way that they evoked human sacrifice, whether deliberately or in the perception of witnesses; Marcus Marius Gratidianus was a gruesome example. | What were stand-ins for child sacrifices to Mania? | false | woolen dolls | 10 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What were stand-ins for child sacrifices to Mania?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The small woolen dolls called Maniae, hung on the Compitalia shrines, were thought a symbolic replacement for child-sacrifice to Mania, as Mother of the Lares. The Junii took credit for its abolition by their ancestor L. Junius Brutus, traditionally Rome's Republican founder and first consul. Political or military executions were sometimes conducted in such a way that they evoked human sacrifice, whether deliberately or in the perception of witnesses; Marcus Marius Gratidianus was a gruesome example.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
woolen dolls
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
10
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57280996ff5b5019007d9b88 | Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy. Begun in 2010 by students in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, School of Communication, and Medill School of Journalism, the organization reaches students on more than 250 college campuses around the world. Run entirely by undergraduates, Politics & Policy publishes several times a week with material ranging from short summaries of events to extended research pieces. The organization is funded in part by the Buffett Center. | How often is Politics & Policy published? | false | several times a week | 392 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How often is Politics & Policy published?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy. Begun in 2010 by students in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, School of Communication, and Medill School of Journalism, the organization reaches students on more than 250 college campuses around the world. Run entirely by undergraduates, Politics & Policy publishes several times a week with material ranging from short summaries of events to extended research pieces. The organization is funded in part by the Buffett Center.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
several times a week
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
392
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f83b2faef2371900625f2b | Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921. | How much of the total population was polish common wealth? | false | 10–12% | 104 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How much of the total population was polish common wealth?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
10–12%
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
104
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a860699b4e223001a8e73c1 | Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions. These are often large buildings, purpose-built to provide ventilation and low light intensities (this reduces the birds' activity and thereby increases the rate of weight gain). The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly. Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19. Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts. Many different breeds have been developed, but the majority of commercial birds are white, as this improves the appearance of the dressed carcass, the pin feathers being less visible. Turkeys were at one time mainly consumed on special occasions such as Christmas (10 million birds in the United Kingdom) or Thanksgiving (60 million birds in the United States). However, they are increasingly becoming part of the everyday diet in many parts of the world. | What are domesticated turkeys no longer grown in? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What are domesticated turkeys no longer grown in?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions. These are often large buildings, purpose-built to provide ventilation and low light intensities (this reduces the birds' activity and thereby increases the rate of weight gain). The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly. Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19. Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts. Many different breeds have been developed, but the majority of commercial birds are white, as this improves the appearance of the dressed carcass, the pin feathers being less visible. Turkeys were at one time mainly consumed on special occasions such as Christmas (10 million birds in the United Kingdom) or Thanksgiving (60 million birds in the United States). However, they are increasingly becoming part of the everyday diet in many parts of the world.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ace3dc232bba1001ae4a002 | In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history. | Sony Corp partnered with whom in July, 2010? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Sony Corp partnered with whom in July, 2010?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56de445a4396321400ee273e | Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation and shoot down most of the president's vetoes. They also passed acts to essentially make the president subordinate to Congress, such as the Tenure of Office Act. Johnson's later impeachment also cost the presidency much political power. However the president has also exercised greater power largely during the 20th century. Both Roosevelts greatly expanded the powers of the president and wielded great power during their terms. | Immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power? | false | Congress | 116 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation and shoot down most of the president's vetoes. They also passed acts to essentially make the president subordinate to Congress, such as the Tenure of Office Act. Johnson's later impeachment also cost the presidency much political power. However the president has also exercised greater power largely during the 20th century. Both Roosevelts greatly expanded the powers of the president and wielded great power during their terms.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Congress
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
116
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a69b2f65ce1a5001a969694 | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also noted that in the 21st century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. However, there are also a considerable number of scholars who have suggested that these acts did amount to genocide, and the ICTY has found in the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu, of genocide was met in Prijedor "With regard to the charge of genocide, the Chamber found that in spite of evidence of acts perpetrated in the municipalities which constituted the actus reus of genocide". | Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for cleansing by a German court? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for cleansing by a German court?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also noted that in the 21st century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. However, there are also a considerable number of scholars who have suggested that these acts did amount to genocide, and the ICTY has found in the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu, of genocide was met in Prijedor "With regard to the charge of genocide, the Chamber found that in spite of evidence of acts perpetrated in the municipalities which constituted the actus reus of genocide".
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572e82fc03f98919007566fa | Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe. | Feynman visited his wife in which New Mexico city? | false | Albuquerque | 847 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Feynman visited his wife in which New Mexico city?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Albuquerque
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
847
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f8f36a9b226e1400dd11e7 | If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies. | The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance partly caused what? | false | World War I | 348 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance partly caused what?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
If the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
World War I
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
348
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5726c2625951b619008f7d72 | For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal brought the emerging Russian state into conflict with the Ukrainian Cossacks and then with the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians. When Russia conquered these groups and gained possession of southern Ukraine, known as New Russia during Russian imperial times, the Ottoman Empire lost its buffer zone against Russian expansion, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire fell into direct conflict. The conflict with the Ottoman Empire also presented a religious issue of importance, as Russia saw itself as the protector of Orthodox Christians, many of whom lived under Ottoman control and were treated as second-class citizens.(ch 1) | Why did Russia move towards the warmer ports of the Black Sea? | false | to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy | 240 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Why did Russia move towards the warmer ports of the Black Sea?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
For over 200 years, Russia had been expanding southwards across the sparsely populated "Wild Fields" toward the warm water ports of the Black Sea that did not freeze over like the handful of other ports available in the north. The goal was to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy.:11 Pursuit of this goal brought the emerging Russian state into conflict with the Ukrainian Cossacks and then with the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate and Circassians. When Russia conquered these groups and gained possession of southern Ukraine, known as New Russia during Russian imperial times, the Ottoman Empire lost its buffer zone against Russian expansion, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire fell into direct conflict. The conflict with the Ottoman Empire also presented a religious issue of importance, as Russia saw itself as the protector of Orthodox Christians, many of whom lived under Ottoman control and were treated as second-class citizens.(ch 1)
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
to promote year-round trade and a year-round navy
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
240
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e786e700c9c71400d77244 | The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare. The university offers more than 345 degree programs. | At least how many different degree-granting programs exist at KU? | false | 345 | 459 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
At least how many different degree-granting programs exist at KU?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare. The university offers more than 345 degree programs.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
345
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
459
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57261ffe89a1e219009ac2b4 | In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible. When the raw material – cloth – was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a consumable item. Mass-manufactured clothing is less expensive than the labor required to repair it. Many people buy a new piece of clothing rather than spend time mending. The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems. | What used to be considered an art, back in the day? | false | mending | 15 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What used to be considered an art, back in the day?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible. When the raw material – cloth – was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a consumable item. Mass-manufactured clothing is less expensive than the labor required to repair it. Many people buy a new piece of clothing rather than spend time mending. The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
mending
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
15
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
Subsets and Splits