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572ab36d34ae481900deac5d | Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and the Academy of Music, the nation's oldest continually operating opera house, home to the Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and Philadelphia Theatre Company have new buildings constructed in the last decade on the avenue. They produce a variety of new works. Several blocks to the east are the Walnut Street Theatre, America's oldest theatre and the largest subscription theater in the world; as well as the Lantern Theatre at St. Stephens Church, one of a number of smaller venues. | Name two districts with good night life? | false | South Street and Old City | 14 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Name two districts with good night life?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and the Academy of Music, the nation's oldest continually operating opera house, home to the Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and Philadelphia Theatre Company have new buildings constructed in the last decade on the avenue. They produce a variety of new works. Several blocks to the east are the Walnut Street Theatre, America's oldest theatre and the largest subscription theater in the world; as well as the Lantern Theatre at St. Stephens Church, one of a number of smaller venues.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
South Street and Old City
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
14
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad5029e5b96ef001a10a969 | Burrel's innovative design, which combined the low production cost of an Apple II with the computing power of Lisa's CPU, the Motorola 68K, received the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin left the team in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs. Team member Andy Hertzfeld said that the final Macintosh design is closer to Jobs' ideas than Raskin's. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and its Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group's own ideas. Jobs also commissioned industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger to work on the Macintosh line, resulting in the "Snow White" design language; although it came too late for the earliest Macs, it was implemented in most other mid- to late-1980s Apple computers. However, Jobs' leadership at the Macintosh project did not last; after an internal power struggle with new CEO John Sculley, Jobs resigned from Apple in 1985. He went on to found NeXT, another computer company targeting the education market, and did not return until 1997, when Apple acquired NeXT. | According to Andy Hertzfeld, whose idea is the first Mac design closer to? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
According to Andy Hertzfeld, whose idea is the first Mac design closer to?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Burrel's innovative design, which combined the low production cost of an Apple II with the computing power of Lisa's CPU, the Motorola 68K, received the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin left the team in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs. Team member Andy Hertzfeld said that the final Macintosh design is closer to Jobs' ideas than Raskin's. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and its Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group's own ideas. Jobs also commissioned industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger to work on the Macintosh line, resulting in the "Snow White" design language; although it came too late for the earliest Macs, it was implemented in most other mid- to late-1980s Apple computers. However, Jobs' leadership at the Macintosh project did not last; after an internal power struggle with new CEO John Sculley, Jobs resigned from Apple in 1985. He went on to found NeXT, another computer company targeting the education market, and did not return until 1997, when Apple acquired NeXT.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a70dbc78abb0b001a6761d1 | On November 6, 2006, Microsoft announced the Xbox Video Marketplace, an exclusive video store accessible through the console. Launched in the United States on November 22, 2006, the first anniversary of the Xbox 360's launch, the service allows users in the United States to download high-definition and standard-definition television shows and movies onto an Xbox 360 console for viewing. With the exception of short clips, content is not currently available for streaming, and must be downloaded. Movies are also available for rental. They expire in 14 days after download or at the end of the first 24 hours after the movie has begun playing, whichever comes first. Television episodes can be purchased to own, and are transferable to an unlimited number of consoles. Downloaded files use 5.1 surround audio and are encoded using VC-1 for video at 720p, with a bitrate of 6.8 Mbit/s. Television content is offered from MTV, VH1, Comedy Central, Turner Broadcasting, and CBS; and movie content is Warner Bros., Paramount, and Disney, along with other publishers. | How long do users have to stream a film? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How long do users have to stream a film?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On November 6, 2006, Microsoft announced the Xbox Video Marketplace, an exclusive video store accessible through the console. Launched in the United States on November 22, 2006, the first anniversary of the Xbox 360's launch, the service allows users in the United States to download high-definition and standard-definition television shows and movies onto an Xbox 360 console for viewing. With the exception of short clips, content is not currently available for streaming, and must be downloaded. Movies are also available for rental. They expire in 14 days after download or at the end of the first 24 hours after the movie has begun playing, whichever comes first. Television episodes can be purchased to own, and are transferable to an unlimited number of consoles. Downloaded files use 5.1 surround audio and are encoded using VC-1 for video at 720p, with a bitrate of 6.8 Mbit/s. Television content is offered from MTV, VH1, Comedy Central, Turner Broadcasting, and CBS; and movie content is Warner Bros., Paramount, and Disney, along with other publishers.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57340842d058e614000b681c | Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley. | How far is Tucson from Mexico? | false | 60 mi (97 km) | 634 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How far is Tucson from Mexico?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
60 mi (97 km)
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
634
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5730154204bcaa1900d77150 | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture? | false | lack of symmetry | 341 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
lack of symmetry
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
341
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5acffbc877cf76001a6866e9 | The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives. | When did Middle Congo become known as French Congo? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did Middle Congo become known as French Congo?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a5fdc90eae51e001ab14cc0 | In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews. | When was Marvel's Heroes World declared a financial success? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was Marvel's Heroes World declared a financial success?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a1f5c2554a786001a36b283 | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck. The advantages of this technique are that the video and audio will generally be of higher quality because they don't have to be relayed through a central point. Also, users can make ad-hoc multipoint calls without any concern for the availability or control of an MCU. This added convenience and quality comes at the expense of some increased network bandwidth, because every station must transmit to every other station directly. | What is a main disadvantage of using an MCU technique? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is a main disadvantage of using an MCU technique?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck. The advantages of this technique are that the video and audio will generally be of higher quality because they don't have to be relayed through a central point. Also, users can make ad-hoc multipoint calls without any concern for the availability or control of an MCU. This added convenience and quality comes at the expense of some increased network bandwidth, because every station must transmit to every other station directly.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a81caf731013a001a334edd | This set inherits a group operation (sometimes called coset multiplication, or coset addition) from the original group G: (gN) • (hN) = (gh)N for all g and h in G. This definition is motivated by the idea (itself an instance of general structural considerations outlined above) that the map G → G / N that associates to any element g its coset gN be a group homomorphism, or by general abstract considerations called universal properties. The coset eN = N serves as the identity in this group, and the inverse of gN in the quotient group is (gN)−1 = (g−1)N.e[›] | What does the Coset gN serve as? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What does the Coset gN serve as?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
This set inherits a group operation (sometimes called coset multiplication, or coset addition) from the original group G: (gN) • (hN) = (gh)N for all g and h in G. This definition is motivated by the idea (itself an instance of general structural considerations outlined above) that the map G → G / N that associates to any element g its coset gN be a group homomorphism, or by general abstract considerations called universal properties. The coset eN = N serves as the identity in this group, and the inverse of gN in the quotient group is (gN)−1 = (g−1)N.e[›]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a8de0b2df8bba001a0f9d01 | According to Genius, the James Gleick-authored biography, Feynman tried LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, he largely sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; he mentions it in passing in the "O Americano, Outra Vez" section, while the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD. | When did Feynman try heroin? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did Feynman try heroin?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
According to Genius, the James Gleick-authored biography, Feynman tried LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, he largely sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; he mentions it in passing in the "O Americano, Outra Vez" section, while the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572611a9271a42140099d42d | Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution. The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. At one stage, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament, after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834. | What year did the king decide to make it into a palace? | false | 1826 | 214 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What year did the king decide to make it into a palace?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution. The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. At one stage, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament, after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1826
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
214
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a2eefe2a83784001a7d25a6 | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The King's Singers are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. In 1983 an a cappella group known as The Flying Pickets had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of Yazoo's (known in the US as Yaz) "Only You". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as The Manhattan Transfer, Bobby McFerrin, Huey Lewis and the News, All-4-One, The Nylons, Backstreet Boys and Boyz II Men.[citation needed] | What gained renewed intrest the 1950's? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What gained renewed intrest the 1950's?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The King's Singers are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. In 1983 an a cappella group known as The Flying Pickets had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of Yazoo's (known in the US as Yaz) "Only You". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as The Manhattan Transfer, Bobby McFerrin, Huey Lewis and the News, All-4-One, The Nylons, Backstreet Boys and Boyz II Men.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56dd1ef39a695914005b94f4 | Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade). | For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s? | false | 20 | 52 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
20
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
52
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e7985000c9c71400d7733e | The test game was played in Rockford, Illinois, at the Rockford MetroCentre. Sponsors were secured, and players and coaches from local colleges were recruited to volunteer to play for the teams, the Chicago Politicians and Rockford Metros, with the guarantee of a tryout should the league take off. Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, "showcase", game. The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game. Foster also invited ESPN to send a film crew to the game; a highlights package aired on SportsCenter. | At what venue did the test game occur? | false | Rockford MetroCentre | 55 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
At what venue did the test game occur?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The test game was played in Rockford, Illinois, at the Rockford MetroCentre. Sponsors were secured, and players and coaches from local colleges were recruited to volunteer to play for the teams, the Chicago Politicians and Rockford Metros, with the guarantee of a tryout should the league take off. Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, "showcase", game. The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game. Foster also invited ESPN to send a film crew to the game; a highlights package aired on SportsCenter.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Rockford MetroCentre
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
55
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572ee52903f9891900756ac9 | In a grounded-emitter transistor circuit, such as the light-switch circuit shown, as the base voltage rises, the emitter and collector currents rise exponentially. The collector voltage drops because of reduced resistance from collector to emitter. If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (or near zero), the collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply voltage. This is called saturation because current is flowing from collector to emitter freely. When saturated, the switch is said to be on. | What is the term for a zero difference between collector and emitter? | false | saturation | 454 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the term for a zero difference between collector and emitter?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In a grounded-emitter transistor circuit, such as the light-switch circuit shown, as the base voltage rises, the emitter and collector currents rise exponentially. The collector voltage drops because of reduced resistance from collector to emitter. If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (or near zero), the collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply voltage. This is called saturation because current is flowing from collector to emitter freely. When saturated, the switch is said to be on.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
saturation
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
454
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a7b8af721c2de001afea12d | Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently only for large integrated circuits). It has solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads. Because they are smaller and have shorter interconnections, SMDs have better high-frequency characteristics but lower power rating. | What is the most important attribute for a transistor to have? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the most important attribute for a transistor to have?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Discrete transistors are individually packaged transistors. Transistors come in many different semiconductor packages (see image). The two main categories are through-hole (or leaded), and surface-mount, also known as surface-mount device (SMD). The ball grid array (BGA) is the latest surface-mount package (currently only for large integrated circuits). It has solder "balls" on the underside in place of leads. Because they are smaller and have shorter interconnections, SMDs have better high-frequency characteristics but lower power rating.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad3663f604f3c001a3fe05d | The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan. | In what year was Lord Kilmuir born? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what year was Lord Kilmuir born?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a57a32b770dc0001aeefca9 | Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children. | What area was first inhabited during the Bronze age? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What area was first inhabited during the Bronze age?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad0030877cf76001a68675a | Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968. | When was there a coup led by paratroopers loyal to Massamba-Débat? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was there a coup led by paratroopers loyal to Massamba-Débat?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56dfee94231d4119001abeb1 | A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the "oldest inn in England". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book. | Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located? | false | Nottingham | 472 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the "oldest inn in England". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Nottingham
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
472
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5735d85d012e2f140011a0b9 | Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds. | Species hunted are referred to as what? | false | game or prey | 469 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Species hunted are referred to as what?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
game or prey
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
469
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57278033dd62a815002e9ee1 | The most famous groups are the chirigotas, choirs and comparsas. The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year. The Choirs (coros) are wider groups that go on open carts through the streets singing with an orchestra of guitars and lutes. Their signature piece is the "Carnival Tango", alternating comical and serious repertory. The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients. They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice. | Which group rides around in open carts through the streets? | false | The Choirs | 247 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which group rides around in open carts through the streets?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The most famous groups are the chirigotas, choirs and comparsas. The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year. The Choirs (coros) are wider groups that go on open carts through the streets singing with an orchestra of guitars and lutes. Their signature piece is the "Carnival Tango", alternating comical and serious repertory. The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients. They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
The Choirs
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
247
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5728110f4b864d1900164384 | Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944. | What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? | false | Malgré-nous | 159 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Malgré-nous
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
159
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b71 | The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonuma thought it felt strange to swing the Wii Remote with the right hand to control the sword in Link's left hand, so the entire Wii version map was mirrored.[p] Details about Wii controls began to surface in December 2005 when British publication NGC Magazine claimed that when a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller. Miyamoto confirmed the Revolution controller-functionality in an interview with Nintendo of Europe and Time reported this soon after. However, support for the Wii controller did not make it into the GameCube release. At E3 2006, Nintendo announced that both versions would be available at the Wii launch, and had a playable version of Twilight Princess for the Wii.[p] Later, the GameCube release was pushed back to a month after the launch of the Wii. | What ended up not being supported in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What ended up not being supported in the Wii version of Twilight Princess?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonuma thought it felt strange to swing the Wii Remote with the right hand to control the sword in Link's left hand, so the entire Wii version map was mirrored.[p] Details about Wii controls began to surface in December 2005 when British publication NGC Magazine claimed that when a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess was played on the Revolution, it would give the player the option of using the Revolution controller. Miyamoto confirmed the Revolution controller-functionality in an interview with Nintendo of Europe and Time reported this soon after. However, support for the Wii controller did not make it into the GameCube release. At E3 2006, Nintendo announced that both versions would be available at the Wii launch, and had a playable version of Twilight Princess for the Wii.[p] Later, the GameCube release was pushed back to a month after the launch of the Wii.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a7744042d6d7f001a4a9f8d | New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed] | What is the Colorado government's paper working laguage? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the Colorado government's paper working laguage?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731b0b30fdd8d15006c645c | Chthonic gods such as Dis pater, the di inferi ("gods below"), and the collective shades of the departed (di Manes) were given dark, fertile victims in nighttime rituals. Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as "the living cannot share a meal with the dead". Ceres and other underworld goddesses of fruitfulness were sometimes offered pregnant female animals; Tellus was given a pregnant cow at the Fordicidia festival. Color had a general symbolic value for sacrifices. Demigods and heroes, who belonged to the heavens and the underworld, were sometimes given black-and-white victims. Robigo (or Robigus) was given red dogs and libations of red wine at the Robigalia for the protection of crops from blight and red mildew. | What type of sacrifice victims were the dark gods offered? | false | dark, fertile | 127 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What type of sacrifice victims were the dark gods offered?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Chthonic gods such as Dis pater, the di inferi ("gods below"), and the collective shades of the departed (di Manes) were given dark, fertile victims in nighttime rituals. Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as "the living cannot share a meal with the dead". Ceres and other underworld goddesses of fruitfulness were sometimes offered pregnant female animals; Tellus was given a pregnant cow at the Fordicidia festival. Color had a general symbolic value for sacrifices. Demigods and heroes, who belonged to the heavens and the underworld, were sometimes given black-and-white victims. Robigo (or Robigus) was given red dogs and libations of red wine at the Robigalia for the protection of crops from blight and red mildew.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
dark, fertile
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
127
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e6c7bdde9d371400068030 | The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as Chicago, The Eagles, and Elton John becoming associated with the format. | At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge? | false | 1960s | 86 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as Chicago, The Eagles, and Elton John becoming associated with the format.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1960s
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
86
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56df0d11c65bf219000b3f0b | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who are the highest ranking cardinals in the Catholic Church? | false | cardinal bishops | 145 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who are the highest ranking cardinals in the Catholic Church?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
cardinal bishops
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
145
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5733b2fe4776f41900661090 | The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics. | When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame? | false | 1928 | 86 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did study of a germ-free-life begin at Notre Dame?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Lobund Institute grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life which began in 1928. This area of research originated in a question posed by Pasteur as to whether animal life was possible without bacteria. Though others had taken up this idea, their research was short lived and inconclusive. Lobund was the first research organization to answer definitively, that such life is possible and that it can be prolonged through generations. But the objective was not merely to answer Pasteur's question but also to produce the germ free animal as a new tool for biological and medical research. This objective was reached and for years Lobund was a unique center for the study and production of germ free animals and for their use in biological and medical investigations. Today the work has spread to other universities. In the beginning it was under the Department of Biology and a program leading to the master's degree accompanied the research program. In the 1940s Lobund achieved independent status as a purely research organization and in 1950 was raised to the status of an Institute. In 1958 it was brought back into the Department of Biology as integral part of that department, but with its own program leading to the degree of PhD in Gnotobiotics.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1928
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
86
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731f388b9d445190005e6e0 | Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably Tom DeLay who was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor. | Who was speaker of the house When Tom Delay was Majority leader? | false | Dennis Hastert | 415 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who was speaker of the house When Tom Delay was Majority leader?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker; notably Tom DeLay who was more prominent than Speaker Dennis Hastert. In addition, Speaker Newt Gingrich delegated to Dick Armey an unprecedented level of authority over scheduling legislation on the House floor.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Dennis Hastert
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
415
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5733b5944776f419006610f1 | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts and criticism of the monarchy. Manuel II of Portugal became the new king, but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal. Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic. These conditions would lead to the failed Monarchy of the North, 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and the creation of the National Dictatorship (Ditadura Nacional). | On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered? | false | 1 February 1908 | 3 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts and criticism of the monarchy. Manuel II of Portugal became the new king, but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal. Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic. These conditions would lead to the failed Monarchy of the North, 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and the creation of the National Dictatorship (Ditadura Nacional).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1 February 1908
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
3
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56facb5d8f12f319006301b4 | HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature. | What does D-VHS stand for? | false | Digital-VHS or Data-VHS | 31 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What does D-VHS stand for?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Digital-VHS or Data-VHS
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
31
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5710a309a58dae1900cd6ae8 | The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment. Developments in the Industrial Revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices, encouraging the spread of books, pamphlets, newspapers and journals – "media of the transmission of ideas and attitudes". Commercial development likewise increased the demand for information, along with rising populations and increased urbanisation. However, demand for reading material extended outside of the realm of the commercial, and outside the realm of the upper and middle classes, as evidenced by the Bibliothèque Bleue. Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century. Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total. | The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage? | false | just one-tenth of the total | 976 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment. Developments in the Industrial Revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices, encouraging the spread of books, pamphlets, newspapers and journals – "media of the transmission of ideas and attitudes". Commercial development likewise increased the demand for information, along with rising populations and increased urbanisation. However, demand for reading material extended outside of the realm of the commercial, and outside the realm of the upper and middle classes, as evidenced by the Bibliothèque Bleue. Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century. Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
just one-tenth of the total
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
976
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad2ac97d7d075001a429eac | In December 1993, the Famicom received a similar redesign. It also loads cartridges through a covered slot on the top of the unit and uses non-hardwired controllers. Because HVC-101 used composite video output instead of being RF only like the HVC-001, Nintendo marketed the newer model as the AV Famicom (AV仕様ファミコン, Eibui Shiyō Famikon?). Since the new controllers don't have microphones on them like the second controller on the original console, certain games such as the Disk System version of The Legend of Zelda and Raid on Bungeling Bay will have certain tricks that cannot be replicated when played on an HVC-101 Famicom without a modded controller. However, the HVC-101 Famicom is compatible with most NES controllers due to having the same controller port. Nintendo had also released a 3D graphic capable headset. However, this peripheral was never released outside Japan.[citation needed] | What device was HD only? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What device was HD only?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In December 1993, the Famicom received a similar redesign. It also loads cartridges through a covered slot on the top of the unit and uses non-hardwired controllers. Because HVC-101 used composite video output instead of being RF only like the HVC-001, Nintendo marketed the newer model as the AV Famicom (AV仕様ファミコン, Eibui Shiyō Famikon?). Since the new controllers don't have microphones on them like the second controller on the original console, certain games such as the Disk System version of The Legend of Zelda and Raid on Bungeling Bay will have certain tricks that cannot be replicated when played on an HVC-101 Famicom without a modded controller. However, the HVC-101 Famicom is compatible with most NES controllers due to having the same controller port. Nintendo had also released a 3D graphic capable headset. However, this peripheral was never released outside Japan.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572ea0a603f989190075685c | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. A "species" under the act can be a true taxonomic species, a subspecies, or in the case of vertebrates, a "distinct population segment." The procedures are the same for both types except with the person/organization petition, there is a 90-day screening period. | What federal program is used to list a species? | false | candidate assessment program | 197 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What federal program is used to list a species?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. A "species" under the act can be a true taxonomic species, a subspecies, or in the case of vertebrates, a "distinct population segment." The procedures are the same for both types except with the person/organization petition, there is a 90-day screening period.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
candidate assessment program
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
197
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a68fdfb8476ee001a58a990 | Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging from 52.1% to 64.5% in the Service Sector and 56.1% to 61.5% in the agriculture sector. It is also major manpower contributor because it has largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan. It is also dominant in the manufacturing sector, though the dominance is not as huge, with historical contributions raging from a low of 44% to a high of 52.6%. In 2007, Punjab achieved a growth rate of 7.8% and during the period 2002–03 to 2007–08, its economy grew at a rate of between 7% to 8% per year. and during 2008–09 grew at 6% against the total GDP growth of Pakistan at 4%. | What was the total GDP growth of Pakistan in 2002-03? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was the total GDP growth of Pakistan in 2002-03?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging from 52.1% to 64.5% in the Service Sector and 56.1% to 61.5% in the agriculture sector. It is also major manpower contributor because it has largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan. It is also dominant in the manufacturing sector, though the dominance is not as huge, with historical contributions raging from a low of 44% to a high of 52.6%. In 2007, Punjab achieved a growth rate of 7.8% and during the period 2002–03 to 2007–08, its economy grew at a rate of between 7% to 8% per year. and during 2008–09 grew at 6% against the total GDP growth of Pakistan at 4%.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5726ce80708984140094d1e9 | In May 2011, Jane's Addiction vocalist Perry Farrell noted that Queen are currently scouting their once former and current live bassist Chris Chaney to join the band. Farrell stated: "I have to keep Chris away from Queen, who want him and they're not gonna get him unless we're not doing anything. Then they can have him." In the same month, Paul Rodgers stated he may tour with Queen again in the near future. At the 2011 Broadcast Music, Incorporated (BMI) Awards held in London on 4 October, Queen received the BMI Icon Award in recognition for their airplay success in the US. At the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards on 6 November, Queen received the Global Icon Award, which Katy Perry presented to Brian May. Queen closed the awards ceremony, with Adam Lambert on vocals, performing "The Show Must Go On", "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions". The collaboration garnered a positive response from both fans and critics, resulting in speculation about future projects together. | Which artist presented the Global Icon Award to Queen in 2011? | false | Katy Perry | 676 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which artist presented the Global Icon Award to Queen in 2011?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In May 2011, Jane's Addiction vocalist Perry Farrell noted that Queen are currently scouting their once former and current live bassist Chris Chaney to join the band. Farrell stated: "I have to keep Chris away from Queen, who want him and they're not gonna get him unless we're not doing anything. Then they can have him." In the same month, Paul Rodgers stated he may tour with Queen again in the near future. At the 2011 Broadcast Music, Incorporated (BMI) Awards held in London on 4 October, Queen received the BMI Icon Award in recognition for their airplay success in the US. At the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards on 6 November, Queen received the Global Icon Award, which Katy Perry presented to Brian May. Queen closed the awards ceremony, with Adam Lambert on vocals, performing "The Show Must Go On", "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions". The collaboration garnered a positive response from both fans and critics, resulting in speculation about future projects together.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Katy Perry
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
676
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
573013ad947a6a140053d068 | A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park. | What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon? | false | Saguaro National Park West | 670 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Saguaro National Park West
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
670
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57072c019e06ca38007e94d3 | During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more than 406 companies operating under the federal IMMEX or Prosec program in Chihuahua. The large portion of the manufacturing sector of the state is 425 factories divided into 25 industrial parks accounting for 12.47% of the maquiladoras in Mexico, which employ 294,026 people in the state. While export-driven manufacturing is one of the most important components of the state's economy, the industrial sector is quite diverse and can be broken down into several sectors, which are: electronics, agro-industrial, wood base manufacturing, mineral, and biotech. Similar to the rest of the country, small businesses continue to be the foundation of the state’s economy. Small business employs the largest portion of the population.[citation needed] | Most maquiladoras today produce what? | false | electronics, automobile, and aerospace components | 253 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Most maquiladoras today produce what?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more than 406 companies operating under the federal IMMEX or Prosec program in Chihuahua. The large portion of the manufacturing sector of the state is 425 factories divided into 25 industrial parks accounting for 12.47% of the maquiladoras in Mexico, which employ 294,026 people in the state. While export-driven manufacturing is one of the most important components of the state's economy, the industrial sector is quite diverse and can be broken down into several sectors, which are: electronics, agro-industrial, wood base manufacturing, mineral, and biotech. Similar to the rest of the country, small businesses continue to be the foundation of the state’s economy. Small business employs the largest portion of the population.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
electronics, automobile, and aerospace components
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
253
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a317cbee4dcb1001abb2366 | As early as the late 18th century, black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies, especially in the northern states. Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war. They wanted to be free of white supervision. In 1866 the Consolidated American Baptist Convention, formed from black Baptists of the South and West, helped southern associations set up black state conventions, which they did in Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. In 1880 black state conventions united in the national Foreign Mission Convention, to support black Baptist missionary work. Two other national black conventions were formed, and in 1895 they united as the National Baptist Convention. This organization later went through its own changes, spinning off other conventions. It is the largest black religious organization and the second largest Baptist organization in the world. Baptists are numerically most dominant in the Southeast. In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition. | What percentage of all Americans identify with Baptist denominations? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What percentage of all Americans identify with Baptist denominations?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
As early as the late 18th century, black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies, especially in the northern states. Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war. They wanted to be free of white supervision. In 1866 the Consolidated American Baptist Convention, formed from black Baptists of the South and West, helped southern associations set up black state conventions, which they did in Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. In 1880 black state conventions united in the national Foreign Mission Convention, to support black Baptist missionary work. Two other national black conventions were formed, and in 1895 they united as the National Baptist Convention. This organization later went through its own changes, spinning off other conventions. It is the largest black religious organization and the second largest Baptist organization in the world. Baptists are numerically most dominant in the Southeast. In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
573041e3947a6a140053d361 | For example, at 30 MHz (10 m wavelength) a true resonant 1⁄4-wavelength monopole would be almost 2.5 meters long, and using an antenna only 1.5 meters tall would require the addition of a loading coil. Then it may be said that the coil has lengthened the antenna to achieve an electrical length of 2.5 meters. However, the resulting resistive impedance achieved will be quite a bit lower than the impedance of a resonant monopole, likely requiring further impedance matching. In addition to a lower radiation resistance, the reactance becomes higher as the antenna size is reduced, and the resonant circuit formed by the antenna and the tuning coil has a Q factor that rises and eventually causes the bandwidth of the antenna to be inadequate for the signal being transmitted. This is the major factor that sets the size of antennas at 1 MHz and lower frequencies. | How would the resistive impedance from this scenario compare to if the antenna was the proper height? | false | lower | 382 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How would the resistive impedance from this scenario compare to if the antenna was the proper height?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
For example, at 30 MHz (10 m wavelength) a true resonant 1⁄4-wavelength monopole would be almost 2.5 meters long, and using an antenna only 1.5 meters tall would require the addition of a loading coil. Then it may be said that the coil has lengthened the antenna to achieve an electrical length of 2.5 meters. However, the resulting resistive impedance achieved will be quite a bit lower than the impedance of a resonant monopole, likely requiring further impedance matching. In addition to a lower radiation resistance, the reactance becomes higher as the antenna size is reduced, and the resonant circuit formed by the antenna and the tuning coil has a Q factor that rises and eventually causes the bandwidth of the antenna to be inadequate for the signal being transmitted. This is the major factor that sets the size of antennas at 1 MHz and lower frequencies.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
lower
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
382
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731cbbce99e3014001e6299 | The most persistent theme throughout his films is tension in parent-child relationships. Parents (often fathers) are reluctant, absent or ignorant. Peter Banning in Hook starts off in the beginning of the film as a reluctant married-to-his-work parent who through the course of the film regains the respect of his children. The notable absence of Elliott's father in E.T., is the most famous example of this theme. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, it is revealed that Indy has always had a very strained relationship with his father, who is a professor of medieval literature, as his father always seemed more interested in his work, specifically in his studies of the Holy Grail, than in his own son, although his father does not seem to realize or understand the negative effect that his aloof nature had on Indy (he even believes he was a good father in the sense that he taught his son "self reliance," which is not how Indy saw it). Even Oskar Schindler, from Schindler's List, is reluctant to have a child with his wife. Munich depicts Avner as a man away from his wife and newborn daughter. There are of course exceptions; Brody in Jaws is a committed family man, while John Anderton in Minority Report is a shattered man after the disappearance of his son. This theme is arguably the most autobiographical aspect of Spielberg's films, since Spielberg himself was affected by his parents' divorce as a child and by the absence of his father. Furthermore, to this theme, protagonists in his films often come from families with divorced parents, most notably E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (protagonist Elliot's mother is divorced) and Catch Me If You Can (Frank Abagnale's mother and father split early on in the film). Little known also is Tim in Jurassic Park (early in the film, another secondary character mentions Tim and Lex's parents' divorce). The family often shown divided is often resolved in the ending as well. Following this theme of reluctant fathers and father figures, Tim looks to Dr. Alan Grant as a father figure. Initially, Dr. Grant is reluctant to return those paternal feelings to Tim. However, by the end of the film, he has changed, and the kids even fall asleep with their heads on his shoulders. | Whose son disappeared in 'Minority Report'? | false | John Anderton | 1,183 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Whose son disappeared in 'Minority Report'?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The most persistent theme throughout his films is tension in parent-child relationships. Parents (often fathers) are reluctant, absent or ignorant. Peter Banning in Hook starts off in the beginning of the film as a reluctant married-to-his-work parent who through the course of the film regains the respect of his children. The notable absence of Elliott's father in E.T., is the most famous example of this theme. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, it is revealed that Indy has always had a very strained relationship with his father, who is a professor of medieval literature, as his father always seemed more interested in his work, specifically in his studies of the Holy Grail, than in his own son, although his father does not seem to realize or understand the negative effect that his aloof nature had on Indy (he even believes he was a good father in the sense that he taught his son "self reliance," which is not how Indy saw it). Even Oskar Schindler, from Schindler's List, is reluctant to have a child with his wife. Munich depicts Avner as a man away from his wife and newborn daughter. There are of course exceptions; Brody in Jaws is a committed family man, while John Anderton in Minority Report is a shattered man after the disappearance of his son. This theme is arguably the most autobiographical aspect of Spielberg's films, since Spielberg himself was affected by his parents' divorce as a child and by the absence of his father. Furthermore, to this theme, protagonists in his films often come from families with divorced parents, most notably E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (protagonist Elliot's mother is divorced) and Catch Me If You Can (Frank Abagnale's mother and father split early on in the film). Little known also is Tim in Jurassic Park (early in the film, another secondary character mentions Tim and Lex's parents' divorce). The family often shown divided is often resolved in the ending as well. Following this theme of reluctant fathers and father figures, Tim looks to Dr. Alan Grant as a father figure. Initially, Dr. Grant is reluctant to return those paternal feelings to Tim. However, by the end of the film, he has changed, and the kids even fall asleep with their heads on his shoulders.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
John Anderton
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
1183
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
570dab4216d0071400510c87 | After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended. | What replaced the 50 millimeter gun that was not accurate? | false | a new 55 mm gun | 238 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What replaced the 50 millimeter gun that was not accurate?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
a new 55 mm gun
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
238
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e152ace3433e1400422dbd | On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004). Catalan is studied as a foreign language by 30% of the primary education students, and by 15% of the secondary. The cultural association La Bressola promotes a network of community-run schools engaged in Catalan language immersion programs. | What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language? | false | 30% | 297 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. In Northern Catalonia, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004). Catalan is studied as a foreign language by 30% of the primary education students, and by 15% of the secondary. The cultural association La Bressola promotes a network of community-run schools engaged in Catalan language immersion programs.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
30%
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
297
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a271b60c93d92001a4003f5 | It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are, it is pointed out, so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her; she is compared to Eve before the fall, as ancestress of a redeemed people; she is "the earth before it was accursed". The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin." It is true that he is here speaking directly of actual or personal sin. But his argument is that all men are sinners; that they are so through original depravity; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God, and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort" (omni ex parte). | What was explicitly mooted before the twelfth century? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was explicitly mooted before the twelfth century?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are, it is pointed out, so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her; she is compared to Eve before the fall, as ancestress of a redeemed people; she is "the earth before it was accursed". The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin." It is true that he is here speaking directly of actual or personal sin. But his argument is that all men are sinners; that they are so through original depravity; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God, and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort" (omni ex parte).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a2ae2765b078a001a2f0731 | Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support. | What academic standard had been used before 1888? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What academic standard had been used before 1888?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5731bb00e99e3014001e621a | Human sacrifice in ancient Rome was rare but documented. After the Roman defeat at Cannae two Gauls and two Greeks were buried under the Forum Boarium, in a stone chamber "which had on a previous occasion [228 BC] also been polluted by human victims, a practice most repulsive to Roman feelings". Livy avoids the word "sacrifice" in connection with this bloodless human life-offering; Plutarch does not. The rite was apparently repeated in 113 BC, preparatory to an invasion of Gaul. Its religious dimensions and purpose remain uncertain. | How were sacrifices of humans carried out in Rome? | false | buried | 120 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How were sacrifices of humans carried out in Rome?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Human sacrifice in ancient Rome was rare but documented. After the Roman defeat at Cannae two Gauls and two Greeks were buried under the Forum Boarium, in a stone chamber "which had on a previous occasion [228 BC] also been polluted by human victims, a practice most repulsive to Roman feelings". Livy avoids the word "sacrifice" in connection with this bloodless human life-offering; Plutarch does not. The rite was apparently repeated in 113 BC, preparatory to an invasion of Gaul. Its religious dimensions and purpose remain uncertain.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
buried
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
120
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad2be09d7d075001a42a0c4 | Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates. | In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of less than 10 death row inmates would be commuted? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of less than 10 death row inmates would be commuted?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5726e051708984140094d471 | Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization. An estimated 1.9 percent of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 85–91 percent of Mali's girls and women have had female genital mutilation (2006 and 2001 data). | Malians suffer from malnutrition and low rates of what type of medical need? | false | immunization | 307 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Malians suffer from malnutrition and low rates of what type of medical need?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Medical facilities in Mali are very limited, and medicines are in short supply. Malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent in Mali, as are a number of infectious diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis. Mali's population also suffers from a high rate of child malnutrition and a low rate of immunization. An estimated 1.9 percent of the adult and children population was afflicted with HIV/AIDS that year, among the lowest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 85–91 percent of Mali's girls and women have had female genital mutilation (2006 and 2001 data).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
immunization
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
307
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
571a72404faf5e1900b8a9aa | The answer to why there was so little assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe for so long would seem to lie in part in the probability that the alien surroundings in central and eastern Europe were not conducive, though contempt did not prevent some assimilation. Furthermore, Jews lived almost exclusively in shtetls, maintained a strong system of education for males, heeded rabbinic leadership, and scorned the life-style of their neighbors; and all of these tendencies increased with every outbreak of antisemitism. | The lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe lies in part to the fact that they lived almost exclusively in what? | false | shtetls | 321 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The lack of assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe lies in part to the fact that they lived almost exclusively in what?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The answer to why there was so little assimilation of Jews in central and eastern Europe for so long would seem to lie in part in the probability that the alien surroundings in central and eastern Europe were not conducive, though contempt did not prevent some assimilation. Furthermore, Jews lived almost exclusively in shtetls, maintained a strong system of education for males, heeded rabbinic leadership, and scorned the life-style of their neighbors; and all of these tendencies increased with every outbreak of antisemitism.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
shtetls
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
321
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
573358f2d058e614000b58ab | It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws. Of course, most entities do not have consciousness. As a human being's actions cannot always be predicted, the same can be said of where a tree's roots will grow, or how an electron will move, or whether it will rain tomorrow. Moreover, inability to predict an electron's movement (for instance) is not due to faulty understanding or inadequate technology; rather, the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable. | What did Whitehead believe about an entity's relation to other entities? | false | has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws | 273 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What did Whitehead believe about an entity's relation to other entities?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws. Of course, most entities do not have consciousness. As a human being's actions cannot always be predicted, the same can be said of where a tree's roots will grow, or how an electron will move, or whether it will rain tomorrow. Moreover, inability to predict an electron's movement (for instance) is not due to faulty understanding or inadequate technology; rather, the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
273
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56dfdbee7aa994140058e1cb | In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two years, the impact of the ban was mixed; some pubs suffered declining sales, while others developed their food sales. The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban. Similar bans are applied in Australian pubs with smoking only allowed in designated areas. | What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009? | false | Wetherspoon | 441 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What chain of pubs reported favorable profits in June 2009?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales. After two years, the impact of the ban was mixed; some pubs suffered declining sales, while others developed their food sales. The Wetherspoon pub chain reported in June 2009 that profits were at the top end of expectations; however, Scottish & Newcastle's takeover by Carlsberg and Heineken was reported in January 2008 as partly the result of its weakness following falling sales due to the ban. Similar bans are applied in Australian pubs with smoking only allowed in designated areas.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Wetherspoon
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
441
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57345209879d6814001ca513 | Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government. | What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport? | false | Local hunting clubs and national organizations | 212 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Local hunting clubs and national organizations
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
212
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e8733699e8941900975e21 | The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747. | How does the government of Bern operate? | false | as a collegiate authority. | 101 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How does the government of Bern operate?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The City Council (Gemeinderat) constitutes the executive government of the City of Bern and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (German: Gemeinderat/-rätin), each presiding over a directorate (Direktion) comprising several departments and bureaus. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (Stadtpräsident). In the mandate period 2013–2016 (Legislatur) the City Council is presided by Stadtpräsident Alexander Tschäppät. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council. The regular election of the City Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every four years. Any resident of Bern allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the City Council. The delegates are selected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is elected as such as well by public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Erlacherhof, built by architect Albrecht Stürler after 1747.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
as a collegiate authority.
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
101
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57095eaaed30961900e84011 | Anthropologists have contributed to the debate by shifting the focus of research: One of the first challenges for the researcher wishing to carry out empirical research in this area is to identify an appropriate analytical tool. The concept of boundaries is useful here for demonstrating how identity works. In the same way as Barth, in his approach to ethnicity, advocated the critical focus for investigation as being "the ethnic boundary that defines the group rather than the cultural stuff that it encloses" (1969:15), social anthropologists such as Cohen and Bray have shifted the focus of analytical study from identity to the boundaries that are used for purposes of identification. If identity is a kind of virtual site in which the dynamic processes and markers used for identification are made apparent, boundaries provide the framework on which this virtual site is built. They concentrated on how the idea of community belonging is differently constructed by individual members and how individuals within the group conceive ethnic boundaries. | If identity is a virtual site, what do boundaries supply to the virtual site? | false | the framework | 834 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
If identity is a virtual site, what do boundaries supply to the virtual site?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Anthropologists have contributed to the debate by shifting the focus of research: One of the first challenges for the researcher wishing to carry out empirical research in this area is to identify an appropriate analytical tool. The concept of boundaries is useful here for demonstrating how identity works. In the same way as Barth, in his approach to ethnicity, advocated the critical focus for investigation as being "the ethnic boundary that defines the group rather than the cultural stuff that it encloses" (1969:15), social anthropologists such as Cohen and Bray have shifted the focus of analytical study from identity to the boundaries that are used for purposes of identification. If identity is a kind of virtual site in which the dynamic processes and markers used for identification are made apparent, boundaries provide the framework on which this virtual site is built. They concentrated on how the idea of community belonging is differently constructed by individual members and how individuals within the group conceive ethnic boundaries.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the framework
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
834
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
570e54c20b85d914000d7e4e | Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, especially when inhaled by way of dust into the lungs, pose a more serious exposure hazard. After entering the bloodstream, the absorbed uranium tends to bioaccumulate and stay for many years in bone tissue because of uranium's affinity for phosphates. Uranium is not absorbed through the skin, and alpha particles released by uranium cannot penetrate the skin. | Up to what percentage of uranyl ion can be absorbed when ingested? | false | 5% | 203 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Up to what percentage of uranyl ion can be absorbed when ingested?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, especially when inhaled by way of dust into the lungs, pose a more serious exposure hazard. After entering the bloodstream, the absorbed uranium tends to bioaccumulate and stay for many years in bone tissue because of uranium's affinity for phosphates. Uranium is not absorbed through the skin, and alpha particles released by uranium cannot penetrate the skin.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
5%
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
203
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad4220a604f3c001a40079b | Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2). The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of 30,000 (2,800 m2) square foot in-ground facility. The Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction, weddings, and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States. Wet'n'Wild SplashTown is a water park located north of Houston. | What does Houston have the most of compared to other large UK cities? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What does Houston have the most of compared to other large UK cities?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2). The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of 30,000 (2,800 m2) square foot in-ground facility. The Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction, weddings, and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States. Wet'n'Wild SplashTown is a water park located north of Houston.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a42a2bd4a4859001aac7263 | Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery. | How much did the original Famicom cost in Japan? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How much did the original Famicom cost in Japan?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for ¥25,000 (US$210). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. The system's release also gained the attention of the Yakuza, leading to a decision to ship the devices at night to avoid robbery.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572a74697a1753140016af9b | The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates. | When was Coral Way constructed? | false | 1922 | 134 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was Coral Way constructed?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1922
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
134
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5728250a4b864d190016458b | Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it. The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / N.y[›] Interpreting subgroup and quotients in light of these homomorphisms emphasizes the structural concept inherent to these definitions alluded to in the introduction. In general, homomorphisms are neither injective nor surjective. Kernel and image of group homomorphisms and the first isomorphism theorem address this phenomenon. | What theory address the phenomenon of homomorphisms being neither injective nor surjective? | false | the first isomorphism theorem | 599 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What theory address the phenomenon of homomorphisms being neither injective nor surjective?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Sub- and quotient groups are related in the following way: a subset H of G can be seen as an injective map H → G, i.e. any element of the target has at most one element that maps to it. The counterpart to injective maps are surjective maps (every element of the target is mapped onto), such as the canonical map G → G / N.y[›] Interpreting subgroup and quotients in light of these homomorphisms emphasizes the structural concept inherent to these definitions alluded to in the introduction. In general, homomorphisms are neither injective nor surjective. Kernel and image of group homomorphisms and the first isomorphism theorem address this phenomenon.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the first isomorphism theorem
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
599
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a543660134fea001a0e16b8 | One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia. | What scholar lived from the 9th to the 10th century? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What scholar lived from the 9th to the 10th century?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572fd9cd04bcaa1900d76dc6 | The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry. | What were some of the reasons for the increased revenues in 2013-14? | false | the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues | 201 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What were some of the reasons for the increased revenues in 2013-14?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
201
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5728cafa2ca10214002da7f9 | London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985. | In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented? | false | the Royal Opera House | 856 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the Royal Opera House
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
856
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57268eb6708984140094ca0c | Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States. | Who runs Yale College? | false | Yale Corporation | 209 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who runs Yale College?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Yale Corporation
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
209
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a78cca3b73996001af5b294 | In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. "The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe—even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country. So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes," said RIBA president Jack Pringle. | When did the Royal Institute oppose setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did the Royal Institute oppose setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. "The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe—even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country. So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes," said RIBA president Jack Pringle.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a8dc5d7df8bba001a0f9bf3 | Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time. | What year did Feynman lose his Nobel Prize? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What year did Feynman lose his Nobel Prize?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5727b47d2ca10214002d945d | A culinary staple of North Carolina is pork barbecue. There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue. The common trend across Western North Carolina is the use of premium grade Boston butt. Western North Carolina pork barbecue uses a tomato-based sauce, and only the pork shoulder (dark meat) is used. Western North Carolina barbecue is commonly referred to as Lexington barbecue after the Piedmont Triad town of Lexington, home of the Lexington Barbecue Festival, which attracts over 100,000 visitors each October. Eastern North Carolina pork barbecue uses a vinegar-and-red-pepper-based sauce and the "whole hog" is cooked, thus integrating both white and dark meat. | What is another name for Western North Carolina Barbecue? | false | Lexington barbecue | 422 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is another name for Western North Carolina Barbecue?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A culinary staple of North Carolina is pork barbecue. There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue. The common trend across Western North Carolina is the use of premium grade Boston butt. Western North Carolina pork barbecue uses a tomato-based sauce, and only the pork shoulder (dark meat) is used. Western North Carolina barbecue is commonly referred to as Lexington barbecue after the Piedmont Triad town of Lexington, home of the Lexington Barbecue Festival, which attracts over 100,000 visitors each October. Eastern North Carolina pork barbecue uses a vinegar-and-red-pepper-based sauce and the "whole hog" is cooked, thus integrating both white and dark meat.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Lexington barbecue
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
422
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a81ca8131013a001a334ed4 | There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives. | Where can you find the rarely-used jetty on Norfolk Island? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Where can you find the rarely-used jetty on Norfolk Island?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5acfc4e877cf76001a685e04 | Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet. | What leader of the cabinet has a limeted term? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What leader of the cabinet has a limeted term?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e8d9ab99e8941900975ed1 | The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed] | What encroached upon the sanctuary? | false | shops and dwellings | 537 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What encroached upon the sanctuary?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
shops and dwellings
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
537
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e1dab2cd28a01900c67bc3 | As in the other Western Romance languages, the main plural expression is the suffix -s, which may create morphological alternations similar to the ones found in gender inflection, albeit more rarely. The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos ("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. la pols/les pols ("the dust"/"the dusts"). | What is an important plural alternation? | false | addition of -o- | 230 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is an important plural alternation?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
As in the other Western Romance languages, the main plural expression is the suffix -s, which may create morphological alternations similar to the ones found in gender inflection, albeit more rarely. The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos ("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. la pols/les pols ("the dust"/"the dusts").
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
addition of -o-
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
230
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572ecec0cb0c0d14000f15b7 | Wang Mang initiated a series of major reforms that were ultimately unsuccessful. These reforms included outlawing slavery, nationalizing land to equally distribute between households, and introducing new currencies, a change which debased the value of coinage. Although these reforms provoked considerable opposition, Wang's regime met its ultimate downfall with the massive floods of c. 3 AD and 11 AD. Gradual silt buildup in the Yellow River had raised its water level and overwhelmed the flood control works. The Yellow River split into two new branches: one emptying to the north and the other to the south of the Shandong Peninsula, though Han engineers managed to dam the southern branch by 70 AD. | What emptied out to the south of the Shandong Peninsula? | false | The Yellow River | 513 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What emptied out to the south of the Shandong Peninsula?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Wang Mang initiated a series of major reforms that were ultimately unsuccessful. These reforms included outlawing slavery, nationalizing land to equally distribute between households, and introducing new currencies, a change which debased the value of coinage. Although these reforms provoked considerable opposition, Wang's regime met its ultimate downfall with the massive floods of c. 3 AD and 11 AD. Gradual silt buildup in the Yellow River had raised its water level and overwhelmed the flood control works. The Yellow River split into two new branches: one emptying to the north and the other to the south of the Shandong Peninsula, though Han engineers managed to dam the southern branch by 70 AD.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
The Yellow River
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
513
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5725f7a389a1e219009ac114 | On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005. | What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day? | false | 15 September 1940 | 3 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
15 September 1940
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
3
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572fc90704bcaa1900d76d29 | Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly. However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This nutrient limitation has led the evolution of different growth strategies (see r/K selection theory). Some organisms can grow extremely rapidly when nutrients become available, such as the formation of algal (and cyanobacterial) blooms that often occur in lakes during the summer. Other organisms have adaptations to harsh environments, such as the production of multiple antibiotics by Streptomyces that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. In nature, many organisms live in communities (e.g., biofilms) that may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection from environmental stresses. These relationships can be essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy). | What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available? | false | grow extremely rapidly | 379 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly. However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This nutrient limitation has led the evolution of different growth strategies (see r/K selection theory). Some organisms can grow extremely rapidly when nutrients become available, such as the formation of algal (and cyanobacterial) blooms that often occur in lakes during the summer. Other organisms have adaptations to harsh environments, such as the production of multiple antibiotics by Streptomyces that inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. In nature, many organisms live in communities (e.g., biofilms) that may allow for increased supply of nutrients and protection from environmental stresses. These relationships can be essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
grow extremely rapidly
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
379
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5acd65ac07355d001abf40ab | The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods. | The minority of population groups at this time were what? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The minority of population groups at this time were what?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources available to them locally, thus with the passage of time there is a pattern of increasing regional generalization like, the Southwest, Arctic, Poverty, Dalton and Plano traditions. This regional adaptations would become the norm, with reliance less on hunting and gathering, with a more mixed economy of small game, fish, seasonally wild vegetables and harvested plant foods.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
573409114776f41900661761 | Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC.[citation needed] The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period, circa 1200 BC to AD 150. These people constructed irrigation canals and grew corn, beans, and other crops while gathering wild plants and hunting. The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.[citation needed] | When was the Early Agricultural period? | false | 1200 BC to AD 150 | 347 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was the Early Agricultural period?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC.[citation needed] The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural period, circa 1200 BC to AD 150. These people constructed irrigation canals and grew corn, beans, and other crops while gathering wild plants and hunting. The Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson saw the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1200 BC to AD 150
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
347
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a2d6428f28ef0001a52652f | In 1999, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez. They then ran outside to a getaway vehicle driven by a third Culver City gang member, who is now also in custody. The clothing store was believed to be a local hang out for Santa Monica gang members. The dead included two men from Northern California who had merely been visiting the store's owner, their cousin, to see if they could open a similar store in their area. Police say the incident was in retaliation for a shooting committed by the Santa Monica 13 gang days before the Juarez brothers were gunned down. | In what year was Westside Clothing founded? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what year was Westside Clothing founded?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1999, there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia entered the store masked and began opening fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez. They then ran outside to a getaway vehicle driven by a third Culver City gang member, who is now also in custody. The clothing store was believed to be a local hang out for Santa Monica gang members. The dead included two men from Northern California who had merely been visiting the store's owner, their cousin, to see if they could open a similar store in their area. Police say the incident was in retaliation for a shooting committed by the Santa Monica 13 gang days before the Juarez brothers were gunned down.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
57265a725951b619008f7063 | The Thuringian Realm existed until 531 and later, the Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards there was no state named Thuringia, nevertheless the term commonly described the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west. After the Treaty of Leipzig, Thuringia had its own dynasty again, the Ernestine Wettins. Their various lands formed the Free State of Thuringia, founded in 1920, together with some other small principalities. The Prussian territories around Erfurt, Mühlhausen and Nordhausen joined Thuringia in 1945. | Where is Thuringia located? | false | the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west. | 239 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Where is Thuringia located?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Thuringian Realm existed until 531 and later, the Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards there was no state named Thuringia, nevertheless the term commonly described the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west. After the Treaty of Leipzig, Thuringia had its own dynasty again, the Ernestine Wettins. Their various lands formed the Free State of Thuringia, founded in 1920, together with some other small principalities. The Prussian territories around Erfurt, Mühlhausen and Nordhausen joined Thuringia in 1945.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west.
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
239
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5732516be17f3d1400422869 | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers. | When was the town of Kingsbridge created? | false | 1873 | 432 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was the town of Kingsbridge created?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1873
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
432
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5733c9d54776f41900661236 | Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia. | In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate? | false | 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) | 535 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
535
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
570affb86b8089140040f694 | 1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. It is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the U.S. Nimitz-class carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area. | What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001? | false | Charles de Gaulle | 19 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopters for combat search and rescue, as well as modern electronics and Aster missiles. It is a CATOBAR-type carrier that uses two 75 m C13‑3 steam catapults of a shorter version of the catapult system installed on the U.S. Nimitz-class carriers, one catapult at the bow and one across the front of the landing area.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Charles de Gaulle
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
19
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572b84ba34ae481900deae5e | Symptoms of mild zinc deficiency are diverse. Clinical outcomes include depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence and delayed sexual maturation, alopecia, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, altered cognition, impaired host defense properties, defects in carbohydrate utilization, and reproductive teratogenesis. Mild zinc deficiency depresses immunity, although excessive zinc does also. Animals with a diet deficient in zinc require twice as much food in order to attain the same weight gain as animals given sufficient zinc. | What is a symptom of both zinc deficiency and excess? | false | depresses immunity | 335 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is a symptom of both zinc deficiency and excess?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Symptoms of mild zinc deficiency are diverse. Clinical outcomes include depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence and delayed sexual maturation, alopecia, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, altered cognition, impaired host defense properties, defects in carbohydrate utilization, and reproductive teratogenesis. Mild zinc deficiency depresses immunity, although excessive zinc does also. Animals with a diet deficient in zinc require twice as much food in order to attain the same weight gain as animals given sufficient zinc.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
depresses immunity
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
335
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5726e7d3f1498d1400e8ef85 | Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men to the Dardanelles while Burgoyne went to Paris, meeting the British Ambassador and the French Emperor. The Lord Cowley wrote on 8 February to Burgoyne "Your visit to Paris has produced a visible change in the Emperor's views, and he is making every preparation for a land expedition in case the last attempt at negotiation should break down.":411 | Who sent men to the Dardanelles? | false | The Corps of Royal Engineers | 281 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who sent men to the Dardanelles?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men to the Dardanelles while Burgoyne went to Paris, meeting the British Ambassador and the French Emperor. The Lord Cowley wrote on 8 February to Burgoyne "Your visit to Paris has produced a visible change in the Emperor's views, and he is making every preparation for a land expedition in case the last attempt at negotiation should break down.":411
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
The Corps of Royal Engineers
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
281
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f952ba9b226e1400dd1315 | The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991. | In what year was the South Pacific Mandate created? | false | 1919 | 275 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what year was the South Pacific Mandate created?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1919
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
275
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5a7d1c3670df9f001a874fa1 | Genre fiction also showed it could question reality in its 20th century forms, in spite of its fixed formulas, through the enquiries of the skeptical detective and the alternative realities of science fiction. The separation of "mainstream" and "genre" forms (including journalism) continued to blur during the period up to our own times. William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson expanded documentary reporting into strong subjective statements after the second World War, and post-modern critics have disparaged the idea of objective realism in general. | What two writers defined the lines between journalism and literature? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What two writers defined the lines between journalism and literature?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Genre fiction also showed it could question reality in its 20th century forms, in spite of its fixed formulas, through the enquiries of the skeptical detective and the alternative realities of science fiction. The separation of "mainstream" and "genre" forms (including journalism) continued to blur during the period up to our own times. William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson expanded documentary reporting into strong subjective statements after the second World War, and post-modern critics have disparaged the idea of objective realism in general.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b3 | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), (literally "The Supreme State of the Ottomans") or alternatively Osmanlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى).[dn 5] In Modern Turkish, it is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ("Ottoman Empire") or Osmanlı Devleti ("The Ottoman State"). | What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty? | false | House of Osman | 115 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه), (literally "The Supreme State of the Ottomans") or alternatively Osmanlı Devleti (عثمانلى دولتى).[dn 5] In Modern Turkish, it is known as Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ("Ottoman Empire") or Osmanlı Devleti ("The Ottoman State").
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
House of Osman
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
115
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad118da645df0001a2d0d50 | On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process. | What was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56cfe169234ae51400d9bfed | Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits, while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain. As the composer's illness progressed, Sand had become less of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin, whom she called her "third child". In letters to third parties, she vented her impatience, referring to him as a "child," a "little angel", a "sufferer" and a "beloved little corpse." In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani, whose main characters—a rich actress and a prince in weak health—could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin, who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer's galleys. In 1847 he did not visit Nohant, and he quietly ended their ten-year relationship following an angry correspondence which, in Sand's words, made "a strange conclusion to nine years of exclusive friendship." The two would never meet again. | What novel did Sand write in 1847? | false | Lucrezia Floriani | 731 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What novel did Sand write in 1847?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits, while Sand looked on his society friends with disdain. As the composer's illness progressed, Sand had become less of a lover and more of a nurse to Chopin, whom she called her "third child". In letters to third parties, she vented her impatience, referring to him as a "child," a "little angel", a "sufferer" and a "beloved little corpse." In 1847 Sand published her novel Lucrezia Floriani, whose main characters—a rich actress and a prince in weak health—could be interpreted as Sand and Chopin; the story was uncomplimentary to Chopin, who could not have missed the allusions as he helped Sand correct the printer's galleys. In 1847 he did not visit Nohant, and he quietly ended their ten-year relationship following an angry correspondence which, in Sand's words, made "a strange conclusion to nine years of exclusive friendship." The two would never meet again.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Lucrezia Floriani
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
731
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ad49cc1ba00c4001a268db8 | Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments. For example, Pro added BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on. Users of Windows 8 can purchase a "Pro Pack" license that upgrades their system to Windows 8 Pro through Add features to Windows. This license also includes Windows Media Center. Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. A port of Windows 8 for ARM architecture, Windows RT, is marketed as an edition of Windows 8, but was only included as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it. | What extras does Windows 9 Pro have? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What extras does Windows 9 Pro have?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments. For example, Pro added BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on. Users of Windows 8 can purchase a "Pro Pack" license that upgrades their system to Windows 8 Pro through Add features to Windows. This license also includes Windows Media Center. Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. A port of Windows 8 for ARM architecture, Windows RT, is marketed as an edition of Windows 8, but was only included as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f7e80ba6d7ea1400e172a8 | Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well. | How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning? | false | (c. 935 – 25 May 992) | 20 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
(c. 935 – 25 May 992)
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
20
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5733e2794776f4190066141a | Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad. | In which year were English football clubs banned from competition in Europe? | false | 1985 | 325 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In which year were English football clubs banned from competition in Europe?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. The Football League First Division, which had been the top level of English football since 1888, was well behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1985
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
325
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5706939352bb891400689a94 | The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group. Minor officials administered tests to enforce the classifications. When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be considered Coloured or Black, the "pencil test" was used. A pencil was inserted into a person's hair to determine if the hair was kinky enough to hold the pencil, rather than having it pass through, as it would with smoother hair. If so, the person was classified as Black. Such classifications sometimes divided families. | What act determined what class a citizen belonged to? | false | the Population Registration Act of 1945 | 76 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What act determined what class a citizen belonged to?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group. Minor officials administered tests to enforce the classifications. When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be considered Coloured or Black, the "pencil test" was used. A pencil was inserted into a person's hair to determine if the hair was kinky enough to hold the pencil, rather than having it pass through, as it would with smoother hair. If so, the person was classified as Black. Such classifications sometimes divided families.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the Population Registration Act of 1945
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
76
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5726b0ca708984140094cdf6 | Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war. Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon, who became worried about the future of his empire following his death. Desperate for a legitimate heir, Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife. Hoping to cement the recent alliance with Austria through a family connection, Napoleon married the Archduchess Marie Louise, who was 18 years old at the time. On 20 March 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy, whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome. His son never actually ruled the empire, but historians still refer to him as Napoleon II. | How old was Archduchess Marie Louise when she married Napoleon? | false | 18 | 449 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How old was Archduchess Marie Louise when she married Napoleon?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Napoleon turned his focus to domestic affairs after the war. Empress Joséphine had still not given birth to a child from Napoleon, who became worried about the future of his empire following his death. Desperate for a legitimate heir, Napoleon divorced Joséphine in January 1810 and started looking for a new wife. Hoping to cement the recent alliance with Austria through a family connection, Napoleon married the Archduchess Marie Louise, who was 18 years old at the time. On 20 March 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a baby boy, whom Napoleon made heir apparent and bestowed the title of King of Rome. His son never actually ruled the empire, but historians still refer to him as Napoleon II.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
18
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
449
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5727707df1498d1400e8f826 | The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences. | When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution? | false | in the 1930s and 1940s | 850 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did Darwin's concept of evolution become widely believed and central to the modern theory of evolution?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
in the 1930s and 1940s
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
850
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56de485ccffd8e1900b4b789 | Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a "Court Packing" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power. | Who had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the great depression? | false | Congress | 377 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the great depression?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a "Court Packing" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Congress
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
377
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56ded1eac65bf219000b3d4f | In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant. | What is the literal translation of the word "schatzi"? | false | little treasure | 122 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the literal translation of the word "schatzi"?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
little treasure
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
122
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56f83f70a6d7ea1400e17505 | Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy. | How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve? | false | 119 | 36 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
119
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
36
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
5ace35e132bba1001ae49e77 | In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million. | What music publisher was acquired for more then $40 million? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What music publisher was acquired for more then $40 million?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
59fb34d4ee36d60018400d67 | England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D. In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained. In 2010, England suffered its most resounding World Cup defeat (4–1 to Germany) in the Round of 16, after drawing with the United States and Algeria and defeating Slovenia 1–0 in the group stage. | Where did Slovenia place in the 2010 World Cup games? | true | I don't know | -1 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Where did Slovenia place in the 2010 World Cup games?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D. In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained. In 2010, England suffered its most resounding World Cup defeat (4–1 to Germany) in the Round of 16, after drawing with the United States and Algeria and defeating Slovenia 1–0 in the group stage.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
56e14acbcd28a01900c6774d | In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money. | Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"? | false | Universal was losing money | 204 | Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Universal was losing money
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
204
</ANSWER_INDEX> |
Subsets and Splits