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the filename changed from tru.dll to kibuyuink.exe, even though it remained a DLL and still required regsvr32.exe to run. Changing the filename extension is a common tactic seen in various malware infections. | ['T1587.001', 'T1546.001'] |
The C&C domain android[.]viral91[.]xyz, where the malware was connecting to also shows that it is very likely that the APT team uses subdomains to host or connect to Android malware. In previous years, some CrimsonRAT samples were also found to be hosted on the viral91[.]xyz domain. | ['T1584.001', 'T1583.001', 'T1587.001', 'T1588.001'] |
In one instance, FIN13 deployed a backdoor called MAILSLOT, which communicates over SMTP/POP over SSL, sending and receiving emails to and from a configured attacker-controlled email account for its command and control. MAILSLOT makes FIN13 a rare case of a threat actor who has used email communications for C2. | ['T1102.003'] |
In this intrusion from December 2021, the threat actors utilized IcedID as the initial access vector. IcedID is a banking trojan that first appeared in 2017, usually, it is delivered via malspam campaigns and has been widely used as an initial access vector in multiple ransomware intrusions. Upon execution of… . | ['T1219'] |
The cheat sheet is separated into several sections, based on the purpose of the example commands. Fortunately, the commands listed in the cheat sheet provides us with a great deal of insight into some of the tools and techniques the actors will possibly use after compromising the end system. The cheat sheet shows significant batch and PowerShell scripting and a preference for using RDP, as well as the following tools not provided natively in Windows (i.e. thc-hydra, Plink, Mimikatz, Powercat, ProcDump, SharpHound/BloodHound and PowerSploit). Table 1 shows the headers and a description of each section within the cheat sheet. | ['T1059.003', 'T1059.001'] |
Emotet occasionally takes a break from delivering malicious emails. Emotet's longest absence from the threat landscape occurred in early February 2020 and lasted more than five months. Emotet resumed operations in mid-July 2020, and it quickly surpassed other threats in sheer volume of malicious spam. | ['T1098.002', 'T1566'] |
When issuing a beacon to its C2, PingPull will send an Echo Request packet to the C2 server with total and current set to 0 and will include no encoded and encrypted data, as seen in Figure 1. | ['T1132', 'T1041'] |
Mettle: A malicious campaign based on IP addresses in Vietnam (C2 210.245.26.180:4441, scanner 118.70.80.143) and mettle open source control module.. Hajime: This round of update from Hajime also includes GPON exploits.. Two Mirai variants: At least two malicious campaigns are actively exploiting this vulnerability to propagate mirai variants. The second one is already known as Omni.. Imgay: This looks like a botnet under development. We only observe its download behavior and no more follow-up actions. | ['T1588.006', 'T1587.004', 'T1203', 'T1595.002'] |
CVE-2015-1197 is a directory traversal vulnerability: extracting specially crafted archives containing symbolic links can cause files to be placed at an arbitrary location in the file system. | ['T1083'] |
The ransomware payload is copied to the ADMIN$ share of a remote system, and Impacket is used to remotely invoke an encoded PowerShell command on target systems to execute the payload | ['T1059.001', 'T1570'] |
Attempts to dump the contents of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to enable offline password cracking. | ['T1003.008', 'T1110.002'] |
Five minutes after the automated reconnaissance activities are completed, the QAKBOT-injected wermgr.exe process drops the Brute Ratel DLL and invokes it via a rundll32.exe child process with the “main” export function. | ['T1218.011'] |
Unit 42 has been tracking an APT campaign we name TiltedTemple, which we first identified in connection with its use of the Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus vulnerability CVE-2021-40539 and ServiceDesk Plus vulnerability CVE-2021-44077. | ['T1588.006'] |
Vidar is an info-stealer. It downloads DLL files freebl3.dll, mozglue.dll, msvcp140.dll, nss3.dll, softokn3.dll and vcruntime140.dll from its C&C for use in password-grabbing routines. | ['T1588.001'] |
DanaBot is a modular malware that includes various additional modules; the most popular functionalities of these modules are stealing information from compromised machines and injecting fake forms into popular ecommerce and social media sites to collect payment data. It can also provide full access to infected systems with remote desktop, or mouse and keyboard access by utilizing a VNC plugin. | ['T1021.005', 'T1592'] |
QAKBOT can use Regsvr32 to execute malicious DLLs | ['T1218.010', 'T1588.002'] |
LockBit 2.0 has been seen utilizing numerous tools to dump passwords from password stores and Chrome using GrabChrome and GrabRFF. | ['T1555', 'T1555'] |
Adds registry run keys to achieve persistence. In some cases, we observed using the following command:start cmd.exe /k runonce.exe /AlternateShellStartup | ['T1547.001'] |
Further reconnaissance is performed in the environment to identify privileged users. First, the built-in net.exe and nltest.exe are used. | ['T1033'] |
Volexity reported yesterday that its analysts had identified approximately 1,600 ZCS servers that they believe were compromised by threat actors leveraging CVE-2022-41352 to plant webshells | ['T1588.006'] |
PrivateLoader is yet another example of a Pay-Per-Install malicious loader like LgoogLoader and SmokeLoader. It uses a single-byte XOR encryption key to receive URLs from the control center. | ['T1587.001'] |
MedusaLocker is a ransomware family that was first seen in the wild in early October 2019. In January 2020, a fork of MedusaLocker named Ako was observed, which has been updated to support the use of a Tor hidden service to facilitate a RaaS model. Operators of the Ako version of the malware have since implemented a DLS (Figure 12). At least nine victims have been published to the site since its inception. | ['T1588.001'] |
However, the program turned out not to be a Gpcode variant. This new version of Bancos.aam turned out to be the first Trojan spy program designed to steal data from users of the Russian QUIK system. | ['T1587.001'] |
On Tuesday, Jan. 11, 2022, Emotet resumed spamming after its holiday break. The emails continued with links to fake complaint pages, and the pages were sometimes customized to include the recipient’s name. This method was prevalent until Jan. 20. | ['T1566.002', 'T1566.002'] |
NotPetya has the capability to exploit SMBv1 via the well known EternalBlue exploit. Once the exploit is launched, the shellcode will end up writing the file and executing the malware on the target machine. | ['T1203'] |
CVE-2018-4878 was the second most commonly observed vulnerability and is the only Adobe Flash Player vulnerability on this year’s top 10. Like CVE-2018-8174, this vulnerability was included in multiple exploit kits, most notably the Fallout exploit kit, which was used to distribute GandCrab ransomware. Fallout took its name and URI patterns from the now defunct Nuclear exploit kit, which had been associated with CVE-2015-7645, one of 2016’s top 10 vulnerabilities. In 2018, Fallout was last selling for $300 a week and $1,100 a month, as seen below. | ['T1203', 'T1588.005'] |
In early February 2018, FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence observed Dridex botnet ID 2040 download a Monero cryptocurrency miner based on the open-source XMRig miner.. On Feb. 12, 2018, FireEye iSIGHT Intelligence observed the banking malware IcedID injecting Monero-mining JavaScript into webpages for specific, targeted URLs. The IcedID injects launched an anonymous miner using the mining code from Coinhive's AuthedMine.. In late 2017, Bleeping Computer reported that security researchers with Radware observed the hacking group CodeFork leveraging the popular downloader Andromeda (aka Gamarue) to distribute a miner module to their existing botnets.. In late 2017, FireEye researchers observed Trickbot operators deploy a new module named "testWormDLL" that is a statically compiled copy of the popular XMRig Monero miner.. On Aug. 29, 2017, Security Week reported on a variant of the popular Neutrino banking Trojan, including a Monero miner module. According to their reporting, the new variant no longer aims at stealing bank card data, but instead is limited to downloading and executing modules from a remote server. | ['T1588.001'] |
Enabling the macros starts a multi-stage infection chain that eventually downloads and executes a Cobalt Strike beacon, providing the attackers with a foothold inside the target organization. | ['T1588.002'] |
Kaspersky Lab detections for Blue, Black, and Green Lamberts have been triggered by a relatively small set of victims from around the world. While investigating one of these infections involving White Lambert (network-driven implant) and Blue Lambert (active implant), we found yet another family of tools that appear to be related. We called this new family ‘Pink Lambert’. | ['T1587.001'] |
In most cases, UNC2165 has stolen data from its victims to use as leverage for extortion after it has deployed ransomware across an environment. In intrusions where the data exfiltration method could be identified, there is evidence to suggest the group used either Rclone or MEGASync to transfer data from the victims' environments prior to encryption. The Rclone utility is used by many financially motivated actors to synchronize sensitive files with cloud storage providers, and MEGASync synchronizes data to the MEGA cloud hosting service. | ['T1537'] |
The Ryuk group went from an email to domain wide ransomware in 29 hours and asked for over $6 million to unlock our systems. They used tools such as Cobalt Strike, AdFind, WMI, vsftpd, PowerShell, PowerView, and Rubeus to accomplish their objective. | ['T1588.002', 'T1059.001'] |
On March 5, 2020, researcher Steven Seeley, published an advisory and released proof-of-concept code for a zero-day remote code execution vulnerability in Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central versions prior to 10.0.474 (CVE-2020-10189). Beginning on March 8, FireEye observed APT41 use 91.208.184[.]78 to attempt to exploit the Zoho ManageEngine vulnerability at more than a dozen FireEye customers, which resulted in the compromise of at least five separate customers. FireEye observed two separate variations of how the payloads (install.bat and storesyncsvc.dll) were deployed. In the first variation the CVE-2020-10189 exploit was used to directly upload “logger.zip”, a simple Java based program, which contained a set of commands to use PowerShell to download and execute install.bat and storesyncsvc.dll. | ['T1203'] |
Uploads a file on the victim’s computer to the C&C server | ['T1041'] |
Uses Mimikatz to harvest credentials. | ['T1003.001', 'T1003.001'] |
Prior to encryption, the ransomware will check if the directory is in the root path and avoids the following files and directories | ['T1083'] |
Enumerates remote open SMB network shares | ['T1135'] |
Uses legitimate VPN or Citrix credentials to maintain access to an environment. | ['T1133'] |
Uses tools such as PDQ Inventory scanner, Advanced Port Scanner and netscan (which also scanned for the ProxyShell vulnerability). | ['T1046'] |
The group abuses common cloud services such as Dropbox, OneDrive, and Mega for C&C communications (receive commands and exfiltrate data). | ['T1136.003'] |
Instead of more traditional malware like a Windows executable (.exe) or Dynamic Link Library (.dll), the malware authors used a browser extension as their final payload | ['T1176'] |
Uses 7-Zip to compress stolen data for exfiltration. | ['T1560.001'] |
Stolen digital certificate re-use | ['T1588.004'] |
FormatLoader’s main purpose is to infect the machine with an additional malicious file by downloading the binary to the compromised machine. To do so, the malware adds digits from the hardcoded range one by one to the hardcoded format strings, and accesses the download links. | ['T1105'] |
In its new attack, the actor initiated the infection chain sending a spear-phishing email containing a macro-embedded Word document. | ['T1566.001'] |
Exploits Print Nightmare vulnerability. | ['T1068'] |
Even more, this tiny bootkit with a size of only 80 kb on disk after installation can disable built-in Windows security protection such as Hypervisor-Protected Code Integrity (HVCI) and Windows Defender and bypass User Account Control (UAC). | ['T1548.002'] |
Most PowerShell scripts involved in LockBit 2.0 cases are Base64 encoded. | ['T1140'] |
Although Cobalt Strike has many capabilities beneficial to threat actors in ransomware attacks, it was mainly seen in LockBit 2.0 investigations acting as a command and control beacon, a method of lateral movement and a tool for downloading/executing files. | ['T1021'] |
BlackMatter harvests credentials from Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) memory using procmon. | ['T1003.001'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors have been observed gaining access to victim networks through watering hole campaigns of typo-squatted domains. | ['T1189'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors have been observed: Using cmd.exe, JavaScript/Jscript Interpreter, and network device command line interpreters (CLI). Using PowerShell to conduct reconnaissance, enumeration, and discovery of the victim network. Employing Python scripts to exploit vulnerable servers. Using a UNIX shell in order to conduct discovery, enumeration, and lateral movement on Linux® servers in the victim network. | ['T1059.001', 'T1059.003', 'T1059.004', 'T1059.006', 'T1059.007', 'T1059.008'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors have been observed deleting files using rm or del commands. Several files that the cyber actors target would be timestomped, in order to show different times compared to when those files were created/used. | ['T1070'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors have been observed using commands, including tasklist, jobs, ps, or taskmgr, to reveal the running processes on victim devices. | ['T1057'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors used RDP and execute rdpclip.exe to exfiltrate information from the clipboard. | ['T1115'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors have been observed importing tools from GitHub or infected domains to victim networks. In some instances. Chinese statesponsored cyber actors used the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol to import tools into victim networks. | ['T1105'] |
Chinese state-sponsored cyber actors have been observed using tools like dog-tunnel and dns2tcp.exe to conceal C2 traffic with existing network activity. | ['T1572'] |
The actors used a Powershell cmdlet (NewManagementRoleAssignment) to grant the 'ApplicationImpersonation' role to a compromised account. | ['T1098.002'] |
The actors used the ntdsutil.exe utility, which was present on a target's Active Directory® server to export the Active Directory database for credential access. | ['T1003.003'] |
The actors used a variety of utilities, including publicly available versions of WinRAR® , to archive collected data with password protection. | ['T1560.001'] |
The actors used certutil.exe, a known Living Off the Land" technique, to transfer a file into a target environment." | ['T1115'] |
The Iranian government-sponsored APT actors may have made modifications to the Task Scheduler. These modifications may display as unrecognized scheduled tasks or actions. Specifically, the below established tasks may be associated with this activity: SynchronizeTimeZone GoogleChangeManagement MicrosoftOutLookUpdater MicrosoftOutLookUpdateSchedule | ['T1053.005'] |
Actors used the taskkill command to probably disable security features. CISA was unable to determine which application was associated with the Process ID. | ['T1562.001'] |
The part of the malicious code that drops and executes a payload is nearly identical between the two samples. The legitimate Windows executable C:\Windows\System32\colorcpl.exe is copied to the new directory C:\ProgramData\PackageColor and the embedded payload is written to C:\ProgramData\PackageColor\colorui.dll. | ['T1218'] |
Either via the LNK after startup, or directly via the VBS, the command line “wscript.exe //B //E:vbs C:\Users\Public\Favorites\desktop.ini” is executed, referencing the helper file dropped by the sample mentioned above. Finally, the file C:\Users\Public\ignit.vbs is deleted after execution. | ['T1547.009'] |
“desktop.ini” is used to invoke regasm.exe to launch the payload found in C:\Users\Public\Libraries\core.dll as a hidden window without returning any error codes. | ['T1622'] |
The actor's CovalentStealer tool stores collected files on a Microsoft OneDrive cloud folder. | ['T1567.002'] |
The Chrome extension is installed and maintained by a number of plist files written to the user directory ~/Library/LaunchAgent/. To conceal the malicious behavior, the underlying commands in the plist files are obfuscated with Base64 encoding. | ['T1647'] |
The first plist, ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.safarii.extension.plist, does not use a StartInterval value like the Chrome variant, but instead uses RunAtLoad. The RunAtLoad parameter is executed when the user logs into their computer. Note that the plist file does not use the correct spelling of Safari. | ['T1647'] |
An attacker runs the MimiKatz tool and launches a DCShadow attack (lsadump::dcshadow) | ['T1207'] |
The Nefilim ransomware uses a batch file to stop services and kill processes in the local host. This batch file abuses taskill.exe using CMD to kill predefined services and processes in the target host. Nefilim distributes this batch file to multiple hosts using two batch files. One of the batch files uses the ‘copy’ command, and the other one uses WMI with hard-coded admin credentials. | ['T1562.001'] |
Nefilim removes itself from the target systems after infection with the following code: del C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\<ransomware_file_name>.exe" /s /f /q" | ['T1070.004'] |
The Nefilim ransomware queries volume information (disk volume name and serial number) and Cryptographic Machine GUID. Ransomware families use Cryptographic Machine GUID and volume serial number to generate a unique identifier for the host for encryption/decryption processes. Nefilim obtains Cryptographic Machine GUID by querying the value of MachineGuid in the following Registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Cryptography | ['T1082'] |
Mandiant identified a campaign where the threat actors gained access to the target organization’s Microsoft 365 environment using a stolen session token. Mandiant analyzed the workstations belonging to the end user and discovered that some systems had been infected with CRYPTBOT, an info-stealer malware, shortly before the stolen session token was generated. Mandiant observed that in some cases the user downloaded the malware after browsing to low reputation websites offering free, or “cracked”, software. | ['T1550.004'] |
when the method R is invoked, InstallUtil.exe is spawned in suspended mode. The memory blocks of the suspended process are unmapped and rewritten with the sections of the payload program passed as an argument to method R. The thread is allowed to continue after changes have been made to the entry point. | ['T1055.012'] |
To facilitate the staging of BEACON on remote systems APT29 utilized a malicious certificate that allowed the group to impersonate a privileged user. | ['T1588.004'] |
It can reflectively load a DLL/EXE in to the PowerShell process, or it can reflectively load a DLL in to a remote process. These modes have different parameters and constraints, please lead the Notes section (GENERAL NOTES) for information on how to use them. | ['T1620'] |
Like the function name says Invoke-ReflectivePEInjection loads an portable executable (PE) file or DLL into the current or remote process memory and executes this file in memory. | ['T1620'] |
Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1 is the PowerShell implementation of Mimikatz. The PowerShell script loads Mimikatz.exe reflectively into the process memory. | ['T1620'] |
Files contained within image files, like mounted ISO files, will not contain the Zone.Identifier Alternate Data Stream (ADS) flag that indicates the files have been downloaded from the internet (so called “mark-of-the-web”) as reported by Didier Stevens. | ['T1553.005'] |
We believe that the modified library file, which we’ve named LOCKPICK, could weaken encryption for communications used by the appliance, but do not have enough evidence to confirm this | ['T1600'] |
In the second variation, FireEye observed APT41 leverage the Microsoft BITSAdmin command-line tool to download install.bat (MD5: 7966c2c546b71e800397a67f942858d0) from known APT41 infrastructure 66.42.98[.]220 on port 12345. | ['T1571'] |
During Operation Wocao, threat actors encrypted IP addresses used for "Agent" proxy hops with RC4. | ['T1001'] |
FlawedAmmyy may obfuscate portions of the initial C2 handshake. | ['T1001'] |
FunnyDream can send compressed and obfuscated packets to C2. | ['T1001'] |
Operation Wocao has encrypted IP addresses used for "Agent" proxy hops with RC4. | ['T1001'] |
POWRUNER can use base64 encoded C2 communications. | ['T1001', 'T1132.001'] |
RDAT has used encoded data within subdomains as AES ciphertext to communicate from the host to the C2. | ['T1001'] |
SLOTHFULMEDIA has hashed a string containing system information prior to exfiltration via POST requests. | ['T1001'] |
SideTwist can embed C2 responses in the source code of a fake Flickr webpage. | ['T1001'] |
The Axiom group has used other forms of obfuscation, include commingling legitimate traffic with communications traffic so that network streams appear legitimate. | ['T1001'] |
TrailBlazer can masquerade its C2 traffic as legitimate Google Notifications HTTP requests. | ['T1001'] |
Downdelph inserts pseudo-random characters between each original character during encoding of C2 network requests, making it difficult to write signatures on them. | ['T1001.001'] |
GoldMax has used decoy traffic to surround its malicious network traffic to avoid detection. | ['T1001.001'] |
GrimAgent can pad C2 messages with random generated values. | ['T1001.001'] |
Kevin can generate a sequence of dummy HTTP C2 requests to obscure traffic. | ['T1001.001'] |
P2P ZeuS added junk data to outgoing UDP packets to peer implants. | ['T1001.001'] |
P8RAT can send randomly-generated data as part of its C2 communication. | ['T1001.001'] |
SUNBURST added junk bytes to its C2 over HTTP. | ['T1001.001'] |
TrailBlazer has used random identifier strings to obscure its C2 operations and result codes. | ['T1001.001'] |
Turian can insert pseudo-random characters into its network encryption setup. | ['T1001.001'] |
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