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null | Tyinholmen is an area on the north of the mountain lake Tyin in Jotunheimen in Vang, Oppland, Norway. At the place is a resort that has been in operation since 1892.
Coordinates: 61°21′N 8°14′E / 61.35°N 8.23°E / 61.35; 8.23 | f9aaf80f-3781-4e6a-9f90-16cf1b6c9653 |
null | Japanese footballer
Kazuhiro Kawata (川田 和宏, Kawata Kazuhiro, born June 11, 1982 in Fukuoka) is a former Japanese football player who last appeared for Blaublitz Akita.
Kamata previously played for Oita Trinita in J. League Division 1.
Club statistics
Updated to 23 February 2017. | 33b9e83a-9ee1-4352-a6bc-eaa64a96f24f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Kindred"} | American football player (born 1993)
American football player
Derrick Dwayne Kindred Jr. (born December 15, 1993) is a former American football safety. He played college football at Texas Christian University, and was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 2016 NFL Draft.
Early years
Derrick Dwayne Kindred, Jr. was born December 15, 1993, in San Antonio, Texas, to Derrick Kindred, Sr. and his then-wife, Karen Randle. His father was a truck driver, and his mother was a physical therapist (although later she became a pharmacy technician). His parents divorced, and Kindred was raised by his mother and attended Karen Wagner High School in San Antonio. In high school, Kindred was both an offensive and defensive player. As an offensive running back, Kindred rushed for 1,604 yards (1,467 m) and scored 14 touchdowns in his senior year. On defense that same season, he had 71 tackles, two sacks, and returned two kickoffs for touchdowns. He was named the best two-way player among all Class 5A schools by the San Antonio Express-News in 2011. At 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) and 180 pounds (82 kg) during the college draft, Kindred was only recruited by the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), which was just beginning to put together a football program. Kindred initially committed to UTSA as part of its inaugural recruiting class. Before National Signing day, Baylor University and Texas Christian University (TCU) expressed interest in him. Kindred changed his commitment to TCU just before the commitment deadline.
College career
At TCU, Kindred started one game as a freshman in 2012 and three as a sophomore in 2013. He was a full-time starter in his junior and senior years, starting all 26 games. In his junior season, Kindred had four interceptions and 80 tackles. He had two interceptions and 87 tackles his senior year, and was the second leading tackler on the team. He ended his college career with 50 games, 235 tackles, eight interceptions, and two touchdowns, and was named a First-team All-Conference selection and an Honorable Mention All-Big 12 by Big 12 Conference coaches.
Kindred played his entire senior season with a broken left collarbone. He tripped over a fellow player during practice three days before the season opener against the University of Minnesota. Physicians assessed the injury, and said Kindred could continue to play, albeit with additional padding.
Members of the TCU football team called Kindred "Peanut", a nickname given to him by quarterback Trevone Boykin after the shape of Kindred's head.
Professional career
Cleveland Browns
The Cleveland Browns selected Kindred in the fourth round (129th overall) of the 2016 NFL draft. He was the 11th safety selected in 2016.
2016
On May 26, 2016, the Cleveland Browns signed Kindred to a four-year, $2.83 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $499,356.
Throughout training camp, Kindred performed well and impressed coaches enough in the preseason to warrant a competition against Jordan Poyer for the starting free safety job. Head coach Hue Jackson named Poyer the starting free safety and Kindred the backup strong safety behind Ibraheim Campbell to start the regular season.
He made his professional regular season debut in the Cleveland Browns' season-opener at the Philadelphia Eagles and recorded six combined tackles in the 29-10 loss. On September 25, 2016, Kindred earned his first career start after Ibraheim Campbell was out with a hamstring injury. He made four combined tackles during the Browns' 30-24 loss at the Miami Dolphins. On November 6, 2016, he collected a season-high six combined tackles during the Browns' 35-10 loss to the Dallas Cowboys. In Week 11, Kindred made six combined tackles and a season-high two pass deflections during a 24-9 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers. During the bye week in Week 13, he broke his ankle while training and was placed on the reserve/non-football injury list on December 7, 2016. He appeared in all 12 games with five starts and finished his rookie season with 46 combined tackles (32 solo) and five passes defensed.
2017
Throughout training camp, Kindred competed against Ibraheim Campbell and Calvin Pryor for the job as the starting strong safety. He was named the starting strong safety to begin the regular season.
He played in the Cleveland Browns' season-opener Pittsburgh Steelers and made three combined tackles and recorded his first career interception off of a pass attempt by Ben Roethlisberger during their 21-18 loss. The interception occurred in the fourth quarter and stopped a potential scoring drive for the Steelers, who were on the Browns' 29-yard line before the play. The following week, he recorded a season-high seven combined tackles in the Browns' 24-10 loss at the Baltimore Ravens. On December 17, 2017, Kindred made four combined tackles and a season-high two pass deflections in Cleveland's 27-10 loss to the Ravens. Unfortunately, he suffered a wrist injury and was placed on injured reserve on December 19, 2017. He played in 14 games with 10 starts, recording 57 combined tackles (43 solo), seven passes defensed, and one interception.
Kindred was waived by the Browns on April 1, 2019.
Indianapolis Colts
On April 2, 2019, Kindred was claimed off waivers by the Indianapolis Colts. He was released on August 19, 2019.
New York Jets
On August 20, 2019, Kindred was claimed off waivers by the New York Jets. He was waived on August 31, 2019.
San Francisco 49ers
On January 4, 2020, Kindred signed a reserve/future contract with the San Francisco 49ers. He was waived on July 28, 2020. | 6c82de23-8e78-4fcd-a94d-335f8d2f235a |
null | Speech by US president Franklin Pierce
The 1856 State of the Union Address was given by Franklin Pierce, the 14th president of the United States. It was presented to the 34th United States Congress by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. He said, "it is necessary only to say that the internal prosperity of the country, its continuous and steady advancement in wealth and population and in private as well as public well-being, attest the wisdom of our institutions and the predominant spirit of intelligence and patriotism which, notwithstanding occasional irregularities of opinion or action resulting from popular freedom, has distinguished and characterized the people of America." He also stated, "In the long series of acts of indirect aggression, the first was the strenuous agitation by citizens of the Northern States, in Congress and out of it, of the question of Negro emancipation in the Southern States." President Pierce supported the Kansas-Nebraska act. This neutralized the issue of slavery in the central states, and did not say whether to allow it or not. | c229e8b6-3b71-488a-8b16-f437a8409a70 |
null | John Kewley may refer to: | 57593d91-c481-4eb6-9c84-b45b7f538a89 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IoT_Valley"} | Place in Occitanie, France
IoT Valley is a cluster created in 2011 and located in Labège in the south-east of Toulouse. This ecosystem is specialized in the Internet of things (IoT). Named TIC Valley at the beginning, the cluster adopted its current name in May 2015. The same year, the association launched its startup accelerator called the Connected Camp. In 2018, the association launched Genesis, an online training platform dedicated to innovations and the Internet of things. | faae8987-a7f3-44dd-8f9f-0598f4392cae |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fp%C4%B1nar,_Osmanc%C4%B1k"} | Village in Turkey
Village in Çorum Province, Turkey
Başpınar is a village in the Osmancık District of Çorum Province in Turkey. | ee4de507-8846-4096-b2b2-cc44477a8045 |
null | Santa Teresa may refer to:
People
Places
Argentina
Australia
Belize
Brazil
Costa Rica
Nicaragua
Peru
United States
Uruguay
Other uses | f1df6bfc-eb36-4f8a-9490-e39956908457 |
null | Luis Ceballos may refer to: | 44875df1-7732-4c7d-9d8e-357022c56c2e |
null | Locality in Uttar Pradesh, India
Sarai Tarin (Hindi: सराय तरीन) (Urdu: سراۓ ترین) is a locality in Sambhal. Sarai Tarin is 4 km away from Sambhal city but is included in Sambhal.
Sarai Tarin is famous for its craft. Here Many things related to Handicraft are manufactured which are exported to many European countries. Specially Horn, Bone, wooden , and Raisin items like jewellery, photo frame , decorative items are made here. Saraitarin gave many chairman to the Tehseel Sambhal. | 18ba6210-2f52-44db-9a02-0746eca5ab36 |
null | The Cabin Creek Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. State of West Virginia. It was formerly part of the CSX Huntington East Division. It became part of the CSX Florence Division on June 20, 2016. The line runs from Cabin Creek, West Virginia, to Red Warrior, West Virginia, for a total of 12.2 miles. At its north end it continues south from the Kanawha Subdivision and at its south end the track comes to an end. | a458e467-612a-4884-978b-ebea0143a53f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography"} | Use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb). The procedure is a standard part of prenatal care in many countries, as it can provide a variety of information about the health of the mother, the timing and progress of the pregnancy, and the health and development of the embryo or fetus.
The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) recommends that pregnant women have routine obstetric ultrasounds between 18 weeks' and 22 weeks' gestational age (the anatomy scan) in order to confirm pregnancy dating, to measure the fetus so that growth abnormalities can be recognized quickly later in pregnancy, and to assess for congenital malformations and multiple pregnancies (twins, etc). Additionally, the ISUOG recommends that pregnant patients who desire genetic testing have obstetric ultrasounds between 11 weeks' and 13 weeks 6 days' gestational age in countries with resources to perform them (the nuchal scan). Performing an ultrasound at this early stage of pregnancy can more accurately confirm the timing of the pregnancy, and can also assess for multiple fetuses and major congenital abnormalities at an earlier stage. Research shows that routine obstetric ultrasound before 24 weeks' gestational age can significantly reduce the risk of failing to recognize multiple gestations and can improve pregnancy dating to reduce the risk of labor induction for post-dates pregnancy. There is no difference, however, in perinatal death or poor outcomes for infants.
Terminology
Below are useful terms on ultrasound:
In normal state, each body tissue type, such as liver, spleen or kidney, has a unique echogenicity. Fortunately, gestational sac, yolk sac and embryo are surrounded by hyperechoic (brighter) body tissues.
Types
Traditional obstetric sonograms are done by placing a transducer on the abdomen of the pregnant woman. One variant, transvaginal sonography, is done with a probe placed in the woman's vagina. Transvaginal scans usually provide clearer pictures during early pregnancy and in obese women. Also used is Doppler sonography which detects the heartbeat of the fetus. Doppler sonography can be used to evaluate the pulsations in the fetal heart and bloods vessels for signs of abnormalities.
3D ultrasound
Modern 3D ultrasound images provide greater detail for prenatal diagnosis than the older 2D ultrasound technology. While 3D is popular with parents desiring a prenatal photograph as a keepsake, both 2D and 3D are discouraged by the FDA for non-medical use, but there are no definitive studies linking ultrasound to any adverse medical effects. The following 3D ultrasound images were taken at different stages of pregnancy:
Medical uses
Early pregnancy
A gestational sac can be reliably seen on transvaginal ultrasound by 5 weeks' gestational age (approximately 3 weeks after ovulation). The embryo should be seen by the time the gestational sac measures 25 mm, about five-and-a-half weeks. The heartbeat is usually seen on transvaginal ultrasound by the time the embryo measures 5 mm, but may not be visible until the embryo reaches 19 mm, around 7 weeks' gestational age. Coincidentally, most miscarriages also happen by 7 weeks' gestation. The rate of miscarriage, especially threatened miscarriage, drops significantly after normal heartbeat is detected, and after 13 weeks.
First trimester
In the first trimester, a standard ultrasound examination typically includes:
Second and third trimester
In the second trimester, a standard ultrasound exam typically includes:
Dating and growth monitoring
Gestational age is usually determined by the date of the woman's last menstrual period, and assuming ovulation occurred on day fourteen of the menstrual cycle. Sometimes a woman may be uncertain of the date of her last menstrual period, or there may be reason to suspect ovulation occurred significantly earlier or later than the fourteenth day of her cycle. Ultrasound scans offer an alternative method of estimating gestational age. The most accurate measurement for dating is the crown-rump length of the fetus, which can be done between 7 and 13 weeks of gestation. After 13 weeks of gestation, the fetal age may be estimated using the biparietal diameter (the transverse diameter of the head, across the two parietal bones), the head circumference, the length of the femur, the crown-heel length (head to heel), and other fetal parameters.[citation needed] Dating is more accurate when done earlier in the pregnancy; if a later scan gives a different estimate of gestational age, the estimated age is not normally changed but rather it is assumed the fetus is not growing at the expected rate.
The abdominal circumference of the fetus may also be measured. This gives an estimate of the weight and size of the fetus and is important when doing serial ultrasounds to monitor fetal growth.
Fetal sex discernment
The sex of the fetus may be discerned by ultrasound as early as 11 weeks' gestation. The accuracy is relatively imprecise when attempted early. After 13 weeks' gestation, a high accuracy of between 99% and 100% is possible if the fetus does not display intersex external characteristics.
The following is accuracy data from two hospitals:
Influencing factors
The accuracy of fetal sex discernment depends on:
Ultrasonography of the cervix
Obstetric sonography is useful in the assessment of the cervix in women at risk for premature birth. A short cervix preterm is associated with a higher risk for premature delivery: At 24 weeks' gestation, a cervix length of less than 25 mm defines a risk group for spontaneous preterm birth. Further, the shorter the cervix, the greater the risk. Cervical measurement on ultrasound also has been helpful to use ultrasonography in patients with preterm contractions, as those whose cervical length exceeds 30 mm are unlikely to deliver within the next week.
Abnormality screening
In most countries, routine pregnancy sonographic scans are performed to detect developmental defects before birth. This includes checking the status of the limbs and vital organs, as well as (sometimes) specific tests for abnormalities. Some abnormalities detected by ultrasound can be addressed by medical treatment in utero or by perinatal care, though indications of other abnormalities can lead to a decision regarding abortion.
Perhaps the most common such test uses a measurement of the nuchal translucency thickness ("NT-test", or "Nuchal Scan"). Although 91% of fetuses affected by Down syndrome exhibit this defect, 5% of fetuses flagged by the test do not have Down syndrome.
Ultrasound may also detect fetal organ anomaly. Usually scans for this type of detection are done around 18 to 23 weeks of gestational age (called the "anatomy scan", "anomaly scan," or "level 2 ultrasound"). Some resources indicate that there are clear reasons for this and that such scans are also clearly beneficial because ultrasound enables clear clinical advantages for assessing the developing fetus in terms of morphology, bone shape, skeletal features, fetal heart function, volume evaluation, fetal lung maturity, and general fetus well being.
Second-trimester ultrasound screening for aneuploidies is based on looking for soft markers and some predefined structural abnormalities. Soft markers are variations from normal anatomy, which are more common in aneuploid fetuses compared to euploid ones. These markers are often not clinically significant and do not cause adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Safety issues
Current evidence indicates that diagnostic ultrasound is safe for the unborn child, unlike radiographs, which employ ionizing radiation. Randomized controlled trials have followed children up to ages 8–9, with no significant differences in vision, hearing, school performance, dyslexia, or speech and neurologic development by exposure to ultrasound. In one randomized trial, the children with greater exposure to ultrasound had a reduction in perinatal mortality, and was attributed to the increased detection of anomalies in the ultrasound group.
The 1985 maximum power allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of 180 milliwatts per square cm is well under the levels used in therapeutic ultrasound, but still higher than the 30-80 milliwatts per square cm range of the Statison V veterinary LIPUS device.
Doppler ultrasonography examinations has a thermal index (TI) of about five times that of regular (B-mode) ultrasound examinations. Several randomized controlled trials have reported no association between Doppler exposure and birth weight, Apgar scores, and perinatal mortality. One randomized controlled trial, however, came to the result of a higher perinatal death rate of normally formed infants born after 24 weeks exposed to Doppler ultrasonography (RR 3.95, 95% CI 1.32–11.77), but this was not a primary outcome of the study, and has been speculated to be due to chance rather than a harmful effect of Doppler itself.
The FDA discourages its use for non-medical purposes such as fetal keepsake videos and photos, even though it is the same technology used in hospitals.
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine recommends spectral Doppler only if M-mode sonography is unsuccessful, and even then only briefly, due to the acoustic intensity delivered to the fetus.
History
Scottish physician Ian Donald was one of the pioneers of medical use of ultrasound. His article "Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound" was published in The Lancet in 1958. Donald was Regius Professor of Midwifery at the University of Glasgow.[self-published source?]
In 1962, David Robinson, George Kossoff, George Radovanovich, and Dr William Garrett were the first in the world to identify a number of foetal anatomical structures from high frequency sound wave imaging.
In 1962, after about two years of work, Joseph Holmes, William Wright, and Ralph Meyerdirk developed the first compound contact B-mode scanner. Their work had been supported by U.S. Public Health Services and the University of Colorado. Wright and Meyerdirk left the university to form Physionic Engineering Inc., which launched the first commercial hand-held articulated arm compound contact B-mode scanner in 1963.[self-published source?] This was the start of the most popular design in the history of ultrasound scanners.
Obstetric ultrasound has played a significant role in the development of diagnostic ultrasound technology in general. Much of the technological advances in diagnostic ultrasound technology are due to the drive to create better obstetric ultrasound equipment. Acuson Corporation's pioneering work on the development of Coherent Image Formation helped shape the development of diagnostic ultrasound equipment as a whole.[citation needed]
In March and April 2015, a post by a pregnant woman named Jen Martin (née Cardinal) and her husband to YouTube, which had been viewed at least 2 million times and had many likes, showed the 14-week-old fetus clapping repeatedly to the song, sung by the parents, "If You're Happy And You Know It." It was later revealed that the video- while not a fake- had been somewhat edited to show more fetal claps than likely occurred. It is not unprecedented for fetuses of that age to make momentary movements that could be repeated once or twice beyond the initial movement, according to experts, but to repeat such a movement more than that- especially purposefully- would not likely be feasible at that point.
Society and culture
The increasingly widespread use of ultrasound technology in monitoring pregnancy has had a great impact on the way in which women and societies at large conceptualise and experience pregnancy and childbirth. The pervasive spread of obstetric ultrasound technology around the world and the conflation of its use with creating a ‘safe’ pregnancy as well as the ability to see and determine features like the sex of the fetus affect the way in which pregnancy is experienced and conceptualised. This “technocratic takeover” of pregnancy is not limited to western or developed nations but also affects conceptualisations and experiences in developing nations and is an example of the increasing medicalisation of pregnancy, a phenomenon that has social as well as technological ramifications. Ethnographic research concerned with the use of ultrasound technology in monitoring pregnancy can show us how it has changed the embodied experience of expecting mothers around the globe.
Recent studies have stressed the importance of framing “reproductive health matters cross-culturally”, particularly when understanding the “new phenomenon” of “the proliferation of ultrasound imaging” in developing countries. In 2004, Tine Gammeltoft interviewed 400 women in Hanoi’s Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; each “had an average of 6.6 scans during her pregnancy”, much higher than five years prior when “a pregnant woman might or might not have had a single scan during her pregnancy” in Vietnam. Gammeltoft explains that “many Asian countries” see “the foetus as an ambiguous being” unlike in Western medicine where it is common to think of the foetus as “materially stable”. Therefore, although women, particularly in Asian countries, “express intense uncertainties regarding the safety and credibility of this technology”, it is overused for its “immediate reassurance”. | bd96534a-ca25-4a48-95df-541c282593d4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noriaki_Okabe"} | Japanese architect (born 1947)
Noriaki Okabe (岡部 憲明, Okabe Noriaki, born December 9, 1947) is a Japanese architect.
He was born in Shizuoka, Japan. He worked with Renzo Piano for twenty years in Europe, from the designing construction supervision of the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
In 1988, Okabe, then the representative of Renzo Piano Building Workshop in Japan, won the international competition of Kansai International Airport Terminal Building and was responsible for the design and construction supervision. While not currently on display, the Museum of Modern Art holds a model of the building's main structural truss in its Architecture and Design department.
After the construction of the Terminal Building, he established Noriaki Okabe Architecture Network in 1995 in Tokyo. While Okabe's practice has since expanded beyond architecture into industrial design, including the Odakyu 50000 series VSE train. In 2009 he collaborated with Belgian architect Jean-Michel Jaspers in designing the Belgian Embassy in Tokyo.
Notable projects | c7d3d102-3edd-4fda-bae3-fe3a31dd4ed4 |
null | Governor of Ceylon
Willem Maurits Bruijninck (also Bruyninck, Bruijnink, Bruinink, Bruninck, etc.) (24 January 1689 Lichtenvoorde - ?) was the 25th Governor of Ceylon during the Dutch period in Ceylon. He was appointed on 12 March 1740 and was Governor until 8 January 1742. He was succeeded by Daniel Overbeek.
Bruijninck was the oldest son of Wilhelmina Verwitt and Peter Bruijninck, voogd (custodian/governor) of Lichtenvoorde for the lord of Bronckhorst and Borculo. Willem Maurits joined the Dutch East India Company and had risen to opperkoopman ("upper-merchant") before 1735. From 1735 to 1737 he was Governor of the Sumatran West Coast and commissary of the silver and gold mines of Salida near Padang. He was married to Hermina Helena Tolling. | f678f58d-221d-4fb7-8808-6589533f809c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Town_City_Hall"} | Multi-use hall in Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town City Hall is a large Edwardian building in Cape Town city centre which was built in 1905. It is located on the Grand Parade to the west of the Castle and is built from honey-coloured oolitic limestone imported from Bath in England.
History
The building was designed as the result of a public competition, the winning architects being Messrs Harry Austin Reid and Frederick George Green, with the contractors being Messrs T. Howard and F. G. Scott. Much of the building material, including fixtures and fittings was imported from Europe.
The Organ was built by Messrs Norman and Beard of London and Norwich, the specifications were drawn up by Sir George Martin, organist of St Paul's Cathedral in London especially for the City Hall. The workmanship and materials are of high quality, and the organ made from mahogany, teak and pine. Sir George Martin spoke of it as “a magnificent instrument in every gradation of tone, from the softest stop to the most powerful tuba being found in the organ, and all under the most perfect control, and that altogether the instrument must be regarded as an artistic and mechanical triumph”. There are altogether 3165 pipes varying from 32 feet (10 metres) to 3⁄4 inch (19 millimetres). The wind was supplied by a Kinetic Blower worked by an electric motor.
The tower of the City Hall has a Turret Clock which strikes the hours and chimes the Westminster quarters. The faces of the clock are made from 4 skeleton iron dials filled with opal. The clock has a 24-hour wheel and lever. The bells were cast by Messrs John Taylor and Co of Loughborough and the clock was supplied by JB Joyce & Co of Whitchurch.
The City Hall's carillon was installed as a World War I war memorial, with 22 additional bells being added in 1925 with the visit of the Prince of Wales.
On February 11, 1990, only hours after his release from prison, Nelson Mandela made his first public speech from the balcony of Cape Town City Hall.
On 2 January 2022, the National Assembly building of the Parliament of South Africa was severely damaged in a fire at the parliamentary precinct. The City of Cape Town subsequently made the City Hall and Grand Parade available for President Cyril Ramaphosa's State of the Nation Address. On 7 January, Parliament announced that Ramaphosa's State of the Nation Address will take place at the City Hall on 10 February. It will be attended by 300 Members of Parliament (MPs) and 70 guests to comply with COVID-19 regulations.
The hall was lit up in the colours of the Ukrainian flag on the night of 2 March 2022 to show the city's support for the country during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Contemporary use
The City Hall no longer houses the offices of the City of Cape Town, which are located in the Cape Town Civic Centre. From 1982 to 2008 it hosted the Central Library, which has since moved to the adjacent Old Drill Hall. The City Hall has become a central venue for creative and cultural events such as art exhibitions and concerts. One of these events includes the City Hall Sessions. Perhaps the most widely publicized event held at the Cape Town City Hall is the Festive Lights Switch On, hosted by the City of Cape Town. The event is free to all, and includes top local performers, musicians and a projection mapping display on the facade of the building.
Statue of Nelson Mandela
On 24 July 2018, a statue of Nelson Mandela on the balcony overlooking the Grand Parade was unveiled. It was on the same spot where he made a speech when he was released from prison on 11 February 1990. A 3D computer model of the Nelson Mandela Statue was also created. The 3D model is based on terrestrial laser scanning and photogrammetry.
Panorama
Documentation with 3D Laser Scanning
Between 2017 and 2018, the Zamani Project documented the Cape Town City Hall with terrestrial 3D laser scanning. A textured 3D model and a Virtual-Tour (Panorama-Tour) is available on the City of Cape Town's website (http://www.capetown.gov.za). The non-profit research group from the University of Cape town (South Africa) specialises in 3D digital documentation of tangible cultural heritage. The data generated by the Zamani Project creates a permanent record that can be used for research, education, restoration, and conservation.
Animation
An animation, based on the 3D model of the Cape Town City Hall was created by the Zamani Project. | 5091eca4-5ffd-48b1-ab35-ab6f9c6dc91c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_Movement"} | Trotskyist political party in Portugal
The Socialist Alternative Movement (Portuguese: Movimento Alternativa Socialista, MAS), formerly known as the Left Revolutionary Front (Portuguese: Frente da Esquerda Revolucionária, Ruptura/FER) is a Trotskyist organization in Portugal. It was the Portuguese section of the International Workers' League (Fourth International) until they split in 2017. It ran on a joint list with the Madeira-based Labour Party in the 2015 parliamentary elections.
The party was founded as the Left Revolutionary Front (FER) in 1983. This was dissolved in 2005 and merged with the student activist movement Ruptura (which was part of the Left Bloc) to form Ruptura/FER.
The party says in its constitution that "the fight against capitalist exploitation and all forms of oppression of human beings by a socialist democratic regime, for workers' power, to ensure the transition to socialism and communism. We understand by socialism a society in which power is exercised democratically by the workers and Communism a society without classes and without the state. This implies the rejection of the "experiences" of capitalism management spearheaded by the social democrats (PS governments) or of totalitarian regimes dominated by a single Stalinist party".
The party was renamed to MAS and registered as a party in August 2013 (a first attempt at registration in March 2013 was rejected, since its statute violated the assumptions required by the Constitutional Court). | 9a7b3477-55e1-426b-a56f-c41921ba1a9f |
null | Ice hockey team in Alberta, Canada
The Calgary Broncos were an original World Hockey Association franchise, founded November 1, 1971. In the first WHA draft, the Broncos chose Barry Gibbs, Jim Harrison, Dale Hoganson and Jack Norris. The team relocated prior to the start of the first WHA season when team owner Bob Brownridge died. They moved to Ohio, becoming the Cleveland Crusaders, having never played a game in Calgary.
The Broncos were established in anticipation of an Alberta rivalry with the Edmonton Oilers. After the team moved, the Edmonton Oilers were renamed Alberta Oilers with the intention of splitting their home games between Calgary and Edmonton. The Oilers ultimately did not play any home games in Calgary, and reverted to the name "Edmonton Oilers" after one season.
Calgary later joined the WHA in 1975 when the Vancouver Blazers relocated to become the Calgary Cowboys. | b7b90614-b60e-4963-91da-0ddc1bba4d37 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_Research_and_Evaluation"} | Academic journal
Educational Research and Evaluation is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on all aspects of education and its evaluation. It is published by Routledge and the editor-in-chief is Beng Huat See (Durham University). The journal was established in 1995 and in 2012 absorbed Evaluation & Research in Education (1987-2011).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in: | cc7fa290-48e6-4009-a937-207b834c3da3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_UCI_Track_Cycling_World_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_points_race"} | The Women's points race competition at the 2017 World Championships was held on 16 April 2017.
Results
The race was started at 14:12. | fc71a146-3ff1-4e91-b949-80b818c41e42 |
null | In the philosophy of mathematics, the pre-intuitionists were a small but influential group who informally shared similar philosophies on the nature of mathematics. The term itself was used by L. E. J. Brouwer, who in his 1951 lectures at Cambridge described the differences between intuitionism and its predecessors:
Of a totally different orientation [from the "Old Formalist School" of Dedekind, Cantor, Peano, Zermelo, and Couturat, etc.] was the Pre-Intuitionist School, mainly led by Poincaré, Borel and Lebesgue. These thinkers seem to have maintained a modified observational standpoint for the introduction of natural numbers, for the principle of complete induction [...] For these, even for such theorems as were deduced by means of classical logic, they postulated an existence and exactness independent of language and logic and regarded its non-contradictority as certain, even without logical proof. For the continuum, however, they seem not to have sought an origin strictly extraneous to language and logic.
The introduction of natural numbers
The pre-intuitionists, as defined by L. E. J. Brouwer, differed from the formalist standpoint in several ways, particularly in regard to the introduction of natural numbers, or how the natural numbers are defined/denoted. For Poincaré, the definition of a mathematical entity is the construction of the entity itself and not an expression of an underlying essence or existence.
This is to say that no mathematical object exists without human construction of it, both in mind and language.
The principle of complete induction
This sense of definition allowed Poincaré to argue with Bertrand Russell over Giuseppe Peano's axiomatic theory of natural numbers.
Peano's fifth axiom states:
This is the principle of complete induction, which establishes the property of induction as necessary to the system. Since Peano's axiom is as infinite as the natural numbers, it is difficult to prove that the property of P does belong to any x and also x + 1. What one can do is say that, if after some number n of trials that show a property P conserved in x and x + 1, then we may infer that it will still hold to be true after n + 1 trials. But this is itself induction. And hence the argument begs the question.
From this Poincaré argues that if we fail to establish the consistency of Peano's axioms for natural numbers without falling into circularity, then the principle of complete induction is not provable by general logic.
Thus arithmetic and mathematics in general is not analytic but synthetic. Logicism thus rebuked and Intuition is held up. What Poincaré and the Pre-Intuitionists shared was the perception of a difference between logic and mathematics that is not a matter of language alone, but of knowledge itself.
Arguments over the excluded middle
It was for this assertion, among others, that Poincaré was considered to be similar to the intuitionists. For Brouwer though, the Pre-Intuitionists failed to go as far as necessary in divesting mathematics from metaphysics, for they still used principium tertii exclusi (the "law of excluded middle").
The principle of the excluded middle does lead to some strange situations. For instance, statements about the future such as "There will be a naval battle tomorrow" do not seem to be either true or false, yet. So there is some question whether statements must be either true or false in some situations. To an intuitionist this seems to rank the law of excluded middle as just as unrigorous as Peano's vicious circle.
Yet to the Pre-Intuitionists this is mixing apples and oranges. For them mathematics was one thing (a muddled invention of the human mind, i.e., synthetic), and logic was another (analytic).
Other pre-intuitionists
The above examples only include the works of Poincaré, and yet Brouwer named other mathematicians as Pre-Intuitionists too; Borel and Lebesgue. Other mathematicians such as Hermann Weyl (who eventually became disenchanted with intuitionism, feeling that it places excessive strictures on mathematical progress) and Leopold Kronecker also played a role—though they are not cited by Brouwer in his definitive speech.
In fact Kronecker might be the most famous of the Pre-Intuitionists for his singular and oft quoted phrase, "God made the natural numbers; all else is the work of man."
Kronecker goes in almost the opposite direction from Poincaré, believing in the natural numbers but not the law of the excluded middle. He was the first mathematician to express doubt on non-constructive existence proofs that state that something must exist because it can be shown that it is "impossible" for it not to. | f44c1aab-d1cd-407f-8d30-d6940b957b50 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_park_(Brazil)"} | Type of protected area in Brazilian law
National Parks (Portuguese: Parques nacionais) are a legally-defined type of protected area of Brazil. The first parks were created in the 1930s, and other parks were gradually added, typically protecting a natural monument such as a waterfall or gorge near to a coastal population centre. At least two early parks were later submerged by hydroelectric reservoirs. The first park in the Amazon rainforest was inaugurated in 1974. Today the national parks cover a huge area, particularly in the Amazon. However, many of them suffer from outstanding claims for compensation from former owners or users of the land, and many lack the management plans, physical infrastructure and personnel needed to support public visits. The responsible government agency does not have the capacity to provide services such as food and drink, souvenir sales and guided tours, and bureaucracy has delayed letting the private sector bid on providing such services.
Definition
National parks are the oldest type of protected area in Brazil. Their goal is to preserve ecosystems of great ecological importance and scenic beauty, and to support scientific research, education, environmental interpretation, recreation and eco-tourism through contact with nature. At the federal level the parks are managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. State parks fall under the same regulations as national parks. Both types are now defined by law 9.985 of July 2000. They are classed as IUCN protected area category II.
The parks are publicly owned, and any privately owned land within their boundary must be expropriated. Existing landowners and communities with land use rights have to be relocated and given compensation. With strictly limited budgets, poor land records and inefficient bureaucracy it can take many years to complete this process.
Conditions for public visits are defined in the park's management plan. Officially a park may not be visited by the public unless it has a management plan and public use plan. Scientific research requires prior authorization from the responsible agency and is subject to conditions and restrictions.
History
The concept of "national park" was first defined in the 1934 forest code. The system of national parks started in 1937 with the creation of Itatiaia National Park. Another two national parks were created in 1939, then after a period of 20 years, the program of park creation was restarted in the late 1950s. The Ubajara National Park was created in 1959, protecting a limestone cave in the semi-arid caatinga biome of the north east. The Paulo Afonso and Sete Quedas national parks were created in 1948 and 1961 respectively to let visitors see exceptional waterfalls and rapids. Although all countries define national parks as permanent, Brazil violated this principal and submerged the features under the dams of hydroelectric power plants.
The forest code was revised in 1965 to cover all types of native vegetation, not just "forests". National parks and the newly-defined biological reserves were defined as having the goal of "protecting exceptional natural attributes, reconciling the full protection of flora, fauna and natural beauties with the use for educational, recreational and scientific purposes." Under the 1934 and 1965 codes the parks and other conservation units have been created by executive decree. As a result, Congress has tended not to give strong support to the parks, but they have been protected against ongoing congressional attempts to shrink or eliminate the parks.
Many of the parks have their origins in federal or state forestry reserves used for a variety of research or conservation purposes, then donated to the federal government to become national parks. The effect of this random development was that by the late 1970s many of the parks were near coastal population centres. The Emas, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Brasília and Araguaia parks were in the interior, but situated where they could be used for leisure by government workers in Brasilia, which had become the national capital in 1960. The Amazônia National Park was created in 1974 on the Tapajós River, the first in the Amazon. It was designed to be accessible via the trans-Amazonian highway, which ran through the park. By 1978 there were eighteen national parks, of which nine were in the coastal Atlantic Forest biome near to large cities, typically including a monumental feature as the main attraction.
Since then the number of parks increased steadily to 33 by 1990 and 64 by 2010. These 64 parks cover 240,000 square kilometres (93,000 sq mi). The largest are in the Amazon biome of the north and west of the country. It is costly to compensate former owners or people with usage rights and to prepare management plans. Funding is limited so many parks remained inaccessible to the public. Another issue is the cost of providing infrastructure and personnel to supervise visitors. Finally, for many years a park that generated income from visitors did not receive any benefit.
In 1998 the Iguaçu National Park experimented with outsourcing public use services, causing a rise in visitor numbers. The private concessions in the Foz do Iguacu National Park allowed construction of a visitor centre, parking spaces, food and beverage services, transport service in the park and leisure and adventures activities. The experiment was not repeated elsewhere for several years.
Recent years
Between 2006 and 2013 the number of visits to federal protected areas, mostly to national parks, tripled to 6.3 million. In 2007 the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) was created to manage federal conservation units, including national parks, taking over from the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). More funds were made available for settling expropriation claims, and a system of environmental compensation was introduced to support investment in parks. The result has been growth in the number of parks with management plans and clear land ownership. These may qualify for outsourced public use services. Private concessions have been used in parks such as Tijuca and Fernando de Noronha, and more are planned.
Of the 67 national parks in 2010, 19 protected an area that represents 5% of the original Amazon rainforest, and another 22 protected 1% of the original Atlantic Forest. Seven parks protected the Caatinga ecoregion and twelve the Cerrado ecoregion. There were only six coastal and marine parks, including one that protected the Pantanal wetland. No park protected the Pampas. Most protected areas created in the 2000s had the primary goal of reducing deforestation, and little effort has been made to promote public use. A 2012 survey showed that only 44% of Brazilians knew what a protected area was, and only 1% of those knew their purpose was to promote tourism and recreation.
The parks vary greatly in size between the 3,300 hectares (8,200 acres) Tijuca Forest in Rio de Janeiro and the 3,800,000 hectares (9,400,000 acres) Tumucumaque Mountains National Park in the Amazon. By 2010 only 30 parks were accessible to the public. Of these, the two most visited were the Tijuca with 1.7 million visitors and the Iguaçu with 1 million visitors, together accounting for 71% of all visits to national parks in Brazil in 2009. In 2011 it was estimated that the potential revenue from Brazil's national parks could be around R$1.7 billion annually by 2016. In 2012 ICMBio earned R$24 million from entrance fees and services, mostly from just four parks. As of 2012 there were 68 national parks but only 26 were officially open to visitors. Some of the others received visitors informally.
Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park illustrates the problem. It is a World Heritage Site and has unique cerrado vegetation and hundreds of waterfalls and other bodies of water. Just 22,950 tourists visited the park in 2009. There is only one park entrance, and very limited tourist infrastructure. ICMBio does not charge an entrance fee, and is unable to sell food, drinks and souvenirs. Bureaucratic problems have delayed opening these services to private enterprise.
Map
List of parks
Sources
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National parks of Brazil. | 75638c8e-54d9-489e-80aa-e5c86a87c910 |
null | Lavies is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: | 3ddefb9c-7deb-4f45-8bcd-544c4c600c00 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Townshend_Murdoch"} | Charles Townshend Murdoch (27 May 1837 – 8 July 1898) was a banker and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1885 and 1898.
Murdoch was the son of James Gordon Murdoch, of Ashfold, Sussex and his wife Caroline Penelope Gambier daughter of Samuel Gambier and sister of Edward John Gambier. He was educated at Eton College and became a lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade. Later he was a captain in the South Middlesex Volunteers and adjutant of the Hertfordshire Yeoman Cavalry. He became a banker and was a partner in the firm of Ransom, Bouverie & Co and a director of Imperial Fire Insurance Co and London Life Association. He was also chairman of the Llanelly Railway and a J.P. for Berkshire living at Wokingham.
At the 1885 general election, Murdoch was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Reading, holding the seat until his defeat in 1892. He regained the seat in 1895, and held it until his death aged 61 in 1898. His opponents in the elections were members of the Palmer family of Huntley & Palmers biscuits.
Murdoch married Sophia Speke, daughter of W Speke of Ilminster, in 1862 and had several daughters. | 18daea5c-a79f-40cf-8bc0-b26a9f56e0fc |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Thomas"} | Member of the Little Rock Nine (1942–2010)
Jefferson Allison Thomas (September 19, 1942 – September 5, 2010) was one of the Little Rock Nine, a group of African-American students who, in 1957, were the first black students ever to attend classes at Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1999, Thomas and the other students of the Little Rock Nine were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by President Bill Clinton.
Early life and education
Jefferson Thomas, the youngest of seven children, was born in Little Rock to Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Thomas. His parents named him after Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States. Thomas first attended Horace Mann High School, a segregated all-black school, where he was a track athlete. In 1957, he volunteered to be among the first group of black students to integrate all-white Little Rock Central High School for the 1957–58 school year as a sophomore.
On September 4, 1957, the Little Rock Nine made an unsuccessful attempt to enter Central High School, which had been segregated. The Arkansas National Guard, under orders from the governor, and an angry mob of about 400 surrounded the school and prevented them from going in. On September 23, 1957, a mob of about 1000 people surrounded the school again as the students attempted to enter. The following day, President Dwight D. Eisenhower took control of the Arkansas National Guard from the governor and sent federal troops to accompany the students to school for protection. Both federal troops and federalized National Guard soldiers were deployed at the school for the entirety of the school year.
Career
Despite the harassment, Thomas graduated from Central High School in May 1960, and entered Wayne State University, Detroit. In mid-1961, he relocated to Los Angeles, California. He served as Treasurer of the NAACP Youth Council and State President of the Progressive Baptist Youth Convention. He also attended Los Angeles State College, joined the Student Government, and was elected President of the Associated Engineers. He obtained a bachelor's degree in Business Administration. Thomas also served in the U.S. Army's 9th Infantry Division as an infantryman during the Vietnam War.
Later life
Thomas narrated the United States Information Agency's 1964 film Nine from Little Rock. In the film Thomas said, "If Little Rock taught us nothing more, it taught us that problems can make us better. Much better." The goal of this government film, in the context of the Cold War, was to show, to countries concerned about American racism, the progress the United States had made with respect to civil rights. It achieved this goal at least in part as the film received wide acclaim (including an Academy Award) and was distributed to 97 countries.
Thomas resided in Columbus, Ohio with his wife, Mary. He served as a volunteer mentor in the Village to Child Program co-sponsored by Ohio Dominican University, where he received his Honorary Degree, "Doctor of Humane Letters", on May 13, 2001, for his lifelong efforts in human rights and equality advancement.
Thomas was a frequent speaker at numerous high schools, colleges and universities throughout the country. He was the recipient of numerous awards from local and federal governmental agencies which include the Congressional Gold Medal awarded to the Little Rock Nine by President Bill Clinton in 1999. Also, in 1999, he and the other members of the Little Rock Nine received the NAACP's prestigious Spingarn Award "for their bravery and heroism throughout Central High's first year of integration". In August 2005, the State of Arkansas honored the Little Rock Nine with statues of their likeness on the Capitol grounds.
After more than 27 years as a civil servant, Thomas retired on September 30, 2004, from the Defense Finance and Accounting Service in Columbus, Ohio. In his later years, he served on the board of directors for the City of Refuge Learning Academy at the First Church of God.
Thomas died from pancreatic cancer in Columbus, Ohio, two weeks before his 68th birthday. He was the first and, as of 2022, the only member of the Little Rock Nine to have died. After a funeral in Columbus, he was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.
Media portrayals
In 1993, actor Tico Wells portrayed Thomas in the Disney Channel movie The Ernest Green Story. | af514bec-72b0-441a-836a-7bb11e2e09ce |
null | Darrell Zimmerman is a Canadian free jazz musician, activist and a former floor trader convicted of wire fraud. The "Zimmerman Rule", named for him, prevents individuals who trade in the Chicago exchanges to profit from trades made over stipulated limits.
Zimmerman ran twice for mayor of Vancouver, both times unsuccessfully.
Early life and education
Zimmerman was raised in Vernon, British Columbia. He was inspired to be a broker by an E. F. Hutton television ad, the life of a local successful broker, and Dr. Bruce G. Gould's How to Make Money in Commodities book.
Zimmerman studied music at Western Washington University.
Career
Floor trader
Singer-Wenger
After working briefly trading in the Vancouver financial market, Zimmerman moved to Chicago and became a trader at the Chicago Board of Trade in 1985; He worked first as an entry-level clerk on the floor. Partly due to Zimmerman's "unusual speed" making financial calculations in his head, he was hired to work for the Singer-Wenger at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange; He was first assigned to the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Price Index futures pit and then the live cattle futures options. He was fired on "Black Monday" (October 19, 1987) when he made risky and unauthorized transactions as the market was crashing; he lost $60,000. His wife, with whom he was arguing that day about his risky transactions, also lost her job at the exchange.
Other trading positions
Between 1987 and 1992 Zimmerman worked at a number of positions, but had a hard time dealing with the more complicated, risky market after Black Monday (1987). He often started situations successfully, and then was fired for his risky, unsuccessful and unauthorized trades; Zimmerman made puts and calls transactions above stipulated limits. Zimmerman then worked independently. The market was volatile when the Gulf War commenced [January 17, 1991]. He engaged in risky transactions which resulted in the loss of $150,000. He lost his seat on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange 20 days after it had been acquired and he owed First Commercial Financial Group $70,000.
One of the people who staked him in exchange for a share of his profits said, "Going through the markets is like going through psychoanalysis... If you have any self-destructive tendencies, the market is going to find them and hit you with them."
Lee B. Stern & Company
Floor trader
By 1992 Zimmerman was a floor trader at Lee B. Stern & Company where his "questionable billion-dollar trades jolted the Treasury bond market". On October 22, 1992, Zimmerman controlled $1.2 billion of futures on US 30-year treasury bonds backed by a bad check for $50,000. Unable to pay $8.5 million in margin calls, Lee B. Stern's owners' exchange memberships were suspended. Zimmerman's trading privileges were revoked. Anthony Catalfo was named as an accomplice; both men were accused of trying to make a fortune by ignoring the limits placed on the trades. The men were accused of "taking a large stake in options that would make money if the price of Treasury bonds fell. They then sold a large number of Treasury bond futures contracts, which insured the price would drop." The market did just that, but before the bonds could be sold the price rebounded and then increased, resulting in a loss of $8.5 million.
Journalist Ted Fishman wrote:
By the time Zimmerman was hauled out of the pits by Board of Trade security guards, he had ruined an old-line trading firm, threatened the Board of Trade with its first default in history, raised serious doubts about its trading system, and changed forever the way business on the world's futures exchanges is done.
Lee Stern covered the $8.5 million loss ($1.5 million from Catolfo), was forced to liquidate his company and subsequently rebuilt his status in the market.
Arraignment
Zimmerman left Chicago for Canada in July, 1993, just prior to his arraignment on federal fraud charges. In an interview with Worth Magazine several months later, Zimmerman commented upon the incident:
I thought then, "I'm a multimillionaire, I control the market now ..." You spend half of every day thinking about what would happen if you could trade large enough to move a market by yourself, to play like the big firms and banks do. I had everyone in the pit coming to me. I was the market. The exchanges just don't want to admit the market can be controlled by one guy, especially by someone like me, but I proved it can. Almost.
Zimmerman worked for a short time for Hera Resources, a gold and silver mining company in Canada. He was hired partly to assist with investor relations. He was to have received stock options at Hera, but when the company tried to file the transaction the connection was made by exchange investigators to Zimmerman's Chicago indictment. He was fired immediately from his job. Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrested Zimmerman in November 1993 and he fought extradition to the United States for several years.
Conviction, extradition and capture
In June 1994, while Zimmerman was evading extradition, Anthony Catalfo was convicted of six counts of fraud and sentenced to 42 months in jail.
He was convicted in 1995 of wire fraud for trying to manipulate the market. Zimmerman was arrested in Canada in July 1996, extradited back to the United States, and in September of that year pleaded guilty to two of six counts of wire fraud. He spent two years in jail,[citation needed] serving some time at the Metropolitan Correctional Center.
Zimmerman rule
His actions caused the Chicago Board of Trade and all Chicago exchanges to implement what has unofficially been called the "Zimmerman rule" prohibiting traders from profiting after having traded above the limit of their account; The clearing firms are allowed to keep the profits.
Advocacy and politics
Zimmerman unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Vancouver as an independent candidate in 2005.
In 2011 Zimmerman, resident of the Art Gallery encampment of the Occupy Vancouver Movement, tried to steal the Vancouver's City Hall's portrait of Christy Clark, the Premier of British Columbia. He was arrested and charged with theft, but was released after promising to stay out of City Hall.
He was a candidate for mayor in 2011. As a member of a group of Occupy Vancouver protesters he disrupted a mayoral debate on the subject of homelessness from which he had been excluded. Having caused a disturbance, Zimmerman was removed from the event.
Musical career
He appeared on the album Bandas de la Portales with Andres Motta and Gabriel Lauber issued by Jazzorca Records. Zimmerman played with Remi Alvarez, Hernan Hecht, Carlos Alegre, German Bringas, Itzam Cano, and Gabriel Lauber on the 2007 Free Radical Jazz. It was recorded live at Cafe Jazzorca by Jazzorca Records.
Zimmerman plays the saxophone and trumpet.
Personal life
In June 1987, Zimmerman married Lisa Tatkus, whom he met while working at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. They had taken a trip to Canada but Zimmerman was not allowed to return to the United States without a work permit; The couple then married. Between 1987 and 1992, Zimmerman made and lost tens of thousands of dollars. He lost positions for his unsuccessful, unauthorized sales. During that time, the couple experienced financial disarray and moved several times to better and then less expensive housing. Zimmerman allegedly pawned his wife's wedding ring and other jewelry to buy a bus ticket to Canada, and left a note for his wife that said he was taking a vacation, although Lisa found the jewelry, including the wedding ring, in her belongings about a month later. Several years later, they divorced. After October 22, 1992, Lisa was also barred from the trading floor, not for her trading history but through association with her husband. When Zimmerman was imprisoned, Lisa was the only person on Zimmerman's visitor list.
Zimmerman wrote articles published in the Mexican business magazine, Expansion, revealing that he had come to Mexico with his family and was performing music in the Mexican free jazz scene. After two years in Mexico he returned to Vancouver.[citation needed] | f69f1a5b-b33d-4bb9-8b0e-2bbfd0cefc0f |
null | Alexios Tzamplakon (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Τζαμπλάκων, fl. 1317–1332) was a Byzantine aristocrat and high official.
Life
The Tzamplakones were an important and wealthy aristocratic family attested since the mid-13th century, when one of its members achieved the high military rank of Domestic of the Schools. Alexios was this man's son.
He is first attested in 1317, in the service of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (r. 1282–1328). He is then mentioned in 1326, when he held the dignity of megas tzaousios and the post of governor (kephale) of the city of Serres and the region of Popolia south of Mount Pangaion in Macedonia. In the civil war between Andronikos II and his grandson Andronikos III (r. 1328–1341), Tzamplakon initially sided with the elder Andronikos, but in 1327 changed sides, and was rewarded with a promotion to megas papias and the governorship of Zichne.
In July 1331/1332, Tzamplakon commanded the Byzantine army's left wing in the defeat at Rhosokastron against the Bulgarians. In November 1332, in his last known act as megas papias, he co-signed a treaty with Venice. Shortly thereafter, and having already some time before adopted the monastic name Antony, he retired to a monastery where he lived out his days. The date of his death is unknown, but was probably after 1334.
Family
Alexios Tzamplakon had four known children, three sons and a daughter:
Sources | d3e32f70-5e82-4f9d-9086-96024e620693 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/205th_Independent_Infantry_Brigade_(Home)"} | Military unit
The 205th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) was a short-lived Home Defence infantry brigade formation of the British Army during the Second World War.
Formation and Service
The 205th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) was formed in the Second World War for service in the United Kingdom on 10 October 1940 by No 5 Infantry Training Group. It was commanded by Brigadier R. Morton and comprised one Territorial Army battalion and three newly raised infantry battalions.
Soon after formation the brigade came under command of North Midlands Area, transferring to the Lincolnshire County Division when that was formed on 27 February 1941. The Lincolnshire County Division ceased to function on 24 November and the Brigade lasted only a few days more, its battalions were dispersed.
The headquarters of the Brigade were re-designated HQ 36th Army Tank Brigade on 1 December 1941.
Order of battle
The composition of 205th Brigade was as follows: | f76535e2-8b55-488c-ac7d-717faa725da4 |
null | This is a list of medical schools in Uganda: | cc0f52bd-d5f3-4e45-b306-d83dc5d78871 |
null | WD 1054–226, also known as LP 849-31, is a relatively cool magnitude 16 white dwarf star with a hydrogen atmosphere, in the small southern constellation of Crater located approximately 117 light years away at right ascension 10h57' and declination −22°53' (J2000 epoch). The name WD 1054–226 is based on the coordinates in the J1950 epoch. The star was recognized as a white dwarf along with 32 other nearby white dwarfs (or double white dwarfs) in 2007.
In 2022 it was reported that the flux of light coming from the star varies continually due to partial obscuring by a ring. The pattern of variation repeats with little change every 25.02 hours. Curiously, there are dips in the light flux every 23 minutes, exactly 65 per period of 25.02 hours. The explanation of this strong 65th harmonic is unknown and the authors of the paper say that the phenomenon is puzzling. It seems to be caused by clumps of matter orbiting the star. The researchers have hypothesized that the clumps are being influenced by a moon-sized object, possibly an exoplanet. If it has a period of 25 hours then it is orbiting in the habitable zone of the system. If this is confirmed, it would be the first time that a planet has been found orbiting in the habitable zone of a white dwarf. | edd99cb6-7b2e-4130-8263-0e75b6d0beeb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmose-Meritamon_(17th_dynasty)"} | King's Daughter
Ahmose-Meritamon (“Born of the Moon, Beloved of Amun”) was a princess of the 17th Dynasty of Egypt, probably a daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao (the Brave). She is also called Ahmose-Meritamun, Ahmose-Meryetamun or just Meryetamun.
Her mummy was found in the Deir el-Bahri cache (DB320) and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The shroud covering her body gives her name and titles as the royal daughter, the royal sister Meritamon. Gaston Maspero had doubts about the identity of the mummy, but Grafton Elliot Smith points out in his description of the royal mummies that the method of mummification is consistent with that of the 18th Dynasty. The remains are those of an old woman who was relatively short in stature. The examination of her mummy shows that she suffered a head wound prior to her death which has the characteristics of wound sustained when falling backwards. The body was badly damaged by tomb robbers.
She is not to be confused with her niece Ahmose-Meritamon, who became the wife of Amenhotep I.
External Links | 7e705599-205f-4065-8e5b-0d177e7ec48b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiwo_Doko"} | Japanese engineer
Toshiwo Doko (土光 敏夫 Dokō Toshio; September 15, 1896 – August 4, 1988) was a Japanese engineer born in Mitsu District, Okayama, Manager, President and Chairman of Ishikawajima Heavy Industry (IHI) and Toshiba.
Background
Dokō was a key manager in the Japanese economic miracle after World War II, in particular, from 1974 to 1980 when he helmed the Toshiba Corporation and was appointed chairman of the Japan Business Federation (Keidanren).
After graduating from Tokyo Institute of Technology (or Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku) in 1920, Dokō worked at the Ishikawajima Shipyard Co., first as a designer of turbines and then became a president from 1950 to 1960, during which he renewed the company to benefit from significant procurement provided by the United States during the Korean War.
Dokō later chaired the Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. during the merger in 1960, overseeing the construction of the Idemitsu Maru, the largest tanker in the world. At Toshiba, he functioned as a vice president between 1965 and 1972, and became the president between 1972 and 1976. He raised the morale of the workers driving the company towards prosperity. During 1970's, he had a relationship with a company such as Standard Oil.
When belonging to IHI, he had never been late and absent from the company for 40 years, continuously. Surprisingly, his breakfast had been very simple, and consisted of a piece of fish, rice and miso soup. Even though he became the top position of IHI and very rich, his lifestyle and breakfast had not changed at all. Despite the simple breakfast, his hardworking attitude was not changed even when he turned to 85 year old. In addition, he rarely used air-conditioner during Winter and Summer, and he donated more than half of his salary, during 1970's, for the school that his mother had established in Yokohama. No one can criticize his behavior for this emerging global warming.
In 1988, he posthumously received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award. | b37f0c9e-63aa-4090-b224-5403183239cb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Cluss"} | German-American architect (1825-1905)
Adolf Ludwig Cluss (July 14, 1825 – July 24, 1905) also known as Adolph Cluss was a German-born American immigrant who became one of the most important, influential and prolific architects in Washington, D.C., in the late 19th century, responsible for the design of numerous schools and other notable public buildings in the capital. Today, several of his buildings are still standing. He was also a City Engineer and a Building Inspector for the Board of Public Works.
Red brick was Cluss' favorite building material; that, and his early communist sympathies, led some to dub him the "Red Architect", though he was a man who in later life became a confirmed Republican.
Life
He was born on July 24, 1825, in Heilbronn in the Kingdom of Württemberg in Southwest Germany. He was the fifth child of Johann Heinrich Abraham Cluss (1792–1857) and Anna Christine Neuz (1796–1827). His father was a master builder, and young Cluss set out as an itinerant carpenter when he left Heilbronn at age nineteen. In his travels, he met and became a friend of Karl Marx and a supporter of communist principles at a time of political and revolutionary ferment in Germany. He joined the Communist League and became a member of the Mainz Worker Council. The failure of the German revolutionary movement in 1848 led him to leave Germany when he was twenty-three, along with other Forty-Eighters who emigrated to the United States at that time. In the United States, he continued his political activity into the 1850s, maintaining an extensive correspondence with Marx and Engels and writing and publishing political articles for the German-American community.
Early life in America
Adolf Cluss immigrated to the United-States in 1848 at the age of 23. He crossed the Atlantic on board the Zürich, a small sailing ship from Le Havre, France to New York City. He spent the first six months in New York City where he perfected his English. He looked for work in Philadelphia, Baltimore and finally settled in Washington, D.C., in the 1849. In the summer of 1849, he started working for the U.S. Coast Survey as a technical draftsman surveying the Maryland and Virginia coastlines. The following year, we worked at the Washington Navy Yard designing various project for the Ordnance Department. He did not like this position or his life in the city and considered going back to Europe. He considered becoming a bookseller in 1852, requesting funds from his father who did not provide the funds. In 1855, he became a US citizen and transferred to the US Treasury Department as a technical draftsman. He became an abolitionist sometime after that time.
He briefly returned to Europe in 1859 to receive his share of the inheritance this father had left him when he died in 1857 and returned to Philadelphia. He attempted to become a brewer with a friend but the business soon failed and we was back to his old position in the Ordnance Department at the Washington Navy Yard working closely with Admiral John A. Dahlgren.
Private practice
Adolf Cluss started his private practice in 1862. While America was torn apart in the Civil War and while still working at the Navy Yard, Cluss started an architectural office with another German immigrant Josef Wildrich von Kammerhueber. He continued to work full-time at the Navy Yard until the following year and part-time as an architect. His partner was working full-time from Cluss' house on 2nd Street, NW. In 1864, their breakthrough was the Wallach School. Adolf Cluss was 39 years old.
Cluss and Kammerhueber were also civil engineers as many architects at the time. In 1864, the City of Washington requested Cluss and Kammerhueber to write a report on the Washington City Canal and the sewer system. This report led to the Canal being finally covered over in 1871 which had become an open sewer on the National Mall. The partnership ended in 1868. He became an active member of the American Institute of Architects in 1867.
Board of Public Works
Cluss maintained his solo private practice but became a Building Inspector for the Board of Public Works in Washington, DC. The Board was the most powerful entity in the city. Cluss wrote building regulations and was a major proponent of the use of building permits and inspections. On October 18, 1872, he was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant as a member of the Board of Public Works and City Engineer. This came at the recommendation of Governor Cooke, Alexander "Boss" Shepherd and his predecessor Alfred B. Mullett.
I most earnestly recommend the appointment of Adolph Cluss Esq. to fill the vacancy on the Board of Public Works, caused by my resignation. He is a competent architect and engineer and an earnest and sincere republican, and in my opinion a gentleman of the very highest integrity. I know of no person in the District of Columbia whose appointment would in my opinion give more general satisfaction or who is more competent. Mr. Cluss' appointment would, I think, be highly appreciated by the german republicans of this city.
— Alfred B. Mullett
Cluss had become a member of the local Republican party by then and had led a volunteer committee of local Republicans coordinating parts of the President's inauguration after having been re-elected that same year. He also volunteered in President James A. Garfield's inauguration committee in 1880.
The Board had been working to improve the city by paving and grading roads, adding sewers and planting trees but there was a cost associated with this. The expenditures by the Board of Public Works led the city to be on the brink of bankruptcy. Adolf Cluss testified before a Joint Committee in May 1874. His appointment was revoked by the President on May 25, 1874. Congress to pass legislation on June 30, 1874, abolishing the territorial government and replacing it with the three-member Board of Commissioners.
Return to private practice
In 1877, he partnered with architect Frederick Daniel with an office at 701 15th Street, NW but the partnership came to an end in 1878. The following year, he started working with architect Paul Schulze. The partnership came to an end in 1889 when Cluss retired from his private practice having built almost 90 buildings including at least eleven schools, as well as markets, government buildings, museums, residences and churches. Cluss' schoolhouse designs were particularly innovative and influential, though only two of his red-brick school masterpieces remain, Franklin School and Sumner School in downtown Washington. The Franklin School was completed in 1869 earning the Washington public school system a Medal for Progress. He designed four major buildings on the National Mall, including the still-standing Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building. He built six houses of worship including Calvary Baptist Church which still stands.
Two of the city's largest food markets, Center Market (1872) and Eastern Market (1873), were built to his design. The first was torn down in 1931 to be replaced by the National Archives Building. The second is still standing having surviving a fire in 2007. His flagship store for Lansburgh's opened in 1882.
Cluss was also active as a builder of mansions for the Washington elite, such as Stewart's Castle on Dupont Circle. In 1880, he was hired to create what became Washington's first luxury apartment building, Portland Flats, an ornate, six-floor, 39-unit creation on the south side of Thomas Circle. Almost all of Cluss' residential creations have been demolished—Portland Flats, for instance, was torn down in 1962 to make way for an office building.
In 1877, he was commission to oversee the reconstruction of the Old Patent Office Building (today the National Portrait Gallery) in Washington, D.C.
American Institute of Architects involvement
Adolf Cluss was an active member of the American Institute of Architects. He became a fellow of the Institute in 1876.
He also attended several conventions over the years:
He was one of the founding members of the Washington, D.C., chapter in 1887. He attended Annual Meetings of the Washington Chapter including the January 7, 1898, meeting.
In 1889, he was elected for one year as a member of the Board of Directors of the American Institute of Architects.
Inspector of Federal Buildings
He became an Inspector of Federal Buildings in the Office of the Supervising Architect under the United States Department of the Treasury in 1889 after closing his private office in June of that year. He inspected the Ellis Island buildings in February 1892 and wrote a report on July 15, 1892, a few months after the first Immigration Station opened. He testified in front of the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on how the humidity was a concern in the building only a few months after it was built. He also inspected many other buildings around the country including the Post Office designed by Alfred B. Mullet in Chicago.
On September 1, 1894, a few months after the death of his wife and after the victory by the Democrats, he was asked for his resignation by Secretary of the Treasury John G. Carlisle. He had solicited letters of support from several prominent people but was replaced by a Democrat.
Personal life
On February 8, 1859, he married Rosa Schmidt (1835–1894) at Zion Lutheran Church in Baltimore, Maryland. They lived in a row house at 413 2nd Street, NW between D Street, NW and E Street, NW for thirty-five years. They raised seven children in that house.
His wife died on April 10, 1894 a year after her son Robert of a lengthy respiratory illness. Following the death of Robert, Carl and Rosa Schmidt, Flora and Anita moved to their sister Lillian's house.
As published in the Evening Star on March 18, 1897, Cluss was on the Delinquent District of Columbia Real Estate Tax List owing $8.41 as of July 1, 1896.
In the spring and summer of 1898, Cluss traveled to Germany, Italy and Central Europe and visited his older sister's (Caroline De Millas née Cluss) family in Heidelberg, Germany.
Adolf Cluss died on July 24, 1905, in Washington, D.C., at the age of 80 years. He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery (Plot: Van Ness, Lot 161 East).
Interviews and publications
Legacy
Today, several buildings designed and built by Adolf Cluss still stand in the Washington, D.C., area:
In 2005, after a ceremonial resolution by the DC Council, DC Mayor Anthony A. Williams made a proclamation that 2005 would be "Adolf Cluss Year" from July 2005 to June 2006. Joint exhibitions would be presented in Washington, D.C., at the Charles Sumner School Museum and at the Stadtarchiv in his birthplace of Heilbronn, Germany. Both exhibits closed but a website remains: Adolf-Cluss.org
A small street in Washington, D.C., was named in his honor: Adolf Cluss Court. It connects C St SE to D St SE between 12th Street SE and 13th St SE. 38°53′05.1″N 76°59′21.3″W / 38.884750°N 76.989250°W / 38.884750; -76.989250
A bridge is named in his honor in his birthplace of Heilbronn, Germany over the Neckar river, at 49°08′37.2″N 9°12′59.3″E / 49.143667°N 9.216472°E / 49.143667; 9.216472.
Buildings
A descriptive list of Cluss's known buildings and an interactive map showing their locations can be found here.
While Adolf Cluss designed and built close to 90 different buildings in his career, few survive today. In green are the buildings still standing today.
Churches
Markets
Schools
Federal buildings
Military commissions
Local governments
Hospitals and homes
Museums
Commercial and office buildings
Hotels and boarding houses
Halls
Residential
Others
Construction oversight
Adolf Cluss took some projects as a builder (general contractor) designed by other architects. | 06edd481-909e-4624-92b1-f7bc509de812 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Syracuse,_New_York"} | This is a complete list of mayors of Syracuse, New York.
List of mayors | e9eeb466-a5fc-4324-8852-87b384c0cb69 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Underground_018:_Amsterdam"} | 2000 compilation album (mixtape)
Global Underground 018: Nick Warren, Amsterdam is a DJ mix album in the Global Underground series, compiled and mixed by Nick Warren. The mix is a retrospective look at a set from the Melkweg club in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Nick Warren's fourth GU mix takes him in a new direction. The mix is an altogether more mellow take on the club sound, with Nick abandoning the more dramatic peak-time moments of previous discs in favour of a mellowed, tripped-out spatial sound.
He specifically chose to reflect the work of the big progressive Dutch producers for this Amsterdam outing, deftly proving his range and versatility as a main room DJ and keeping the GU series deliciously unpredictable, despite the irresistible fondness for an annual Nick Warren hook-up.
Track listing
Disc one
Disc two | 0ded99da-8696-4a87-846f-fff40db3753c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Office_of_Sport"} | The Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO) is the Swiss federal government's centre for expertise in sports and a part of the Swiss Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. Its mission is to promote sports and exercise in all age groups and at all levels of ability across Switzerland, its cantons and regions. It creates optimum conditions for active participation in sports and exercise that go beyond social and cultural boundaries.
The Federal Office of Sport is a service, education and training centre for elite, professional and amateur sports. As an education centre, it develops knowledge and imparts the skills and proficiencies required to practice and teach professional and amateur sports. It also plays a primary role in the development of important national sports facilities.
Divisions
The Federal Office of Sport has five divisions:
Swiss Federal Institute of Sports Magglingen
The Swiss Federal Institute of Sports Magglingen (SFISM) offers education and continuing education programs in the fields of sports and sports science that cater to the needs of all age groups and ability levels. Its programs provide expert instruction in practicing and teaching sports and exercise, as well as advanced training in elite sports management. All SFISM programs meet the Bologna guidelines. They include bachelor and master degree programs, the certificate, diploma and master of advanced studies continuing education programs and network modules. In addition, the Swiss Federal Institute of Sports Magglingen researches a host of sports-related issues and provides the public, specialists and authorities with a complete range of services.
Sports policy and resources
The Swiss Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO) ensures that national sports policies are developed with the participation of stakeholders. The legal basis for this division is set out by the concept of the Swiss Federal Council on sports policy in Switzerland, which defines the main sports policy objectives and priority measures that are to be achieved in collaboration with private partners.
Youth and adult sports
Youth+Sports Y+S is FOSPO's largest sports promotion program and focuses on youth aged 10 to 20 and children aged 5 to 10 (Y+S kids). The training and advanced training programs for the heads of sports clubs are one of the main pillars of Y+S. Every year trained Y+S leaders, working mostly on a volunteer basis, run 50,000 Y+S courses and camps with over 550,000 children and youth. Youth+Sport offers courses and camps for these leaders in 75 types of sports. The Swiss adult sports program, or esa, of the Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO) encourages adults to play sports and exercise more. In order to meet the various needs of adults, esa supports private and job-related exercise and sports opportunities. esa is a one-stop resource for the sports opportunities and training activities of non-profit organizations (associations, foundations, etc.), commercial sports suppliers and employers (company-facilitated sports activities), and encourages other opportunities.
National Youth Sports Centre Tenero
The Sports Centre Tenero CST is a part of FOSPO and based in Ticino. The CST is used by sports clubs as a training facility and by schools for camps. Due to its modern infrastructure, it is highly prized as a training centre for young athletes. More than 40 different types of sports can be practiced at the CST centre, which has over 160 indoor and outdoor sports facilities in top-notch condition for training and competition. It also serves as a national centre for sports competitions in soccer, swimming, gymnastics and tennis.
Infrastructure and operations
The Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO) hosts between 2,500 and 3,500 courses every year. It also handles the related reservations for sports facilities, accommodations, seminar rooms, meals, bikes and other services. In Magglingen, clubs, families, schools and companies enjoy a professional infrastructure and sporty atmosphere. In addition, FOSPO handles all questions about planning, building and operating sports facilities. From outdoor facilities and gymnasiums to pools and skating rinks, the Federal Office of Sport (FOSPO) advises builders, architects, sports club heads and corporate representatives in all issues related to sports facilities.
National Sports Centre Magglingen
In Magglingen, athletes can take advantage of sports science specialists and excellent training opportunities. They also have access to the sports infrastructure and services of the Swiss Olympic Medical Centers Magglingen Biel. Overall, there are indoor and outdoor sports facilities, seminar rooms, lodging and food services available for almost every type of sport. Elite athletes enjoy excellent conditions for effective training. For example, the Swiss national soccer team actually practiced for the European Soccer Championship in Magglingen in 2008 because of its state-of-the-art infrastructure. | cae6c157-b8f3-45c4-a3a7-e0d7e26e3478 |
null | Sir Rowland Sydney Wright CBE (4 October 1915 – 14 June 1991) was a British industrialist who served as Chancellor of the Queen's University, Belfast between 1984–91.
He was born in Northampton. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1970 New Year Honours. He was knighted in the 1976 Birthday Honours for his service to export as Chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries.
He died in Lewes, East Sussex, aged 75. | bb75c27d-a8bd-47fb-b113-fa8c25e6f3b7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordifex_laxus"} | Species of flowering plant
Chordifex laxus is a rush species of the genus Chordifex in the family Restionaceae. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.
It was first described by Robert Brown in 1810 as Restio laxus, but was transferred to the genus, Chordifex by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs in 1998. | cb98f969-05d6-4c8d-833a-f50d36672670 |
null | Croatian basketball player and coach
Denis Bajramović (born 1961), is a Croatian basketball coach and former player.
Coaching career
Bajramović coached Dubrovnik, Konavle Cavtat, Šibenik, Zagreb, Slovenian team Union Olimpija.
On September 13, 2017, Bajramović became a head coach for Golden Eagle Ylli of the Kosovo Superleague.
On March 20, 2018, Bajramović was hired to be the head coach of the Bosna Royal.
National team
Bajramović was an assistant coach of Aleksandar Petrović with the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team at the EuroBasket 2013. | df82d2d2-83c0-46dc-b238-9af5aaf8d350 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54_Nude_Honeys_(album)"} | 2003 studio album by 54 Nude Honeys
54 Nude Honeys is the eponymous fourth full-length album from Japanese punk rock band 54 Nude Honeys, released on July 9, 2003. It is also the group's final full-length studio album.
Track listing | de8e05b6-6e01-460e-8686-573d289e3a63 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_downconverter"} | Optical DownConverter (ODC) is an example of a non-linear optical process, in which two beams of light of different frequencies
and
interact, creating microwave with frequency
. It is a generalization of microwave. In the latter,
, both of which can be provided by a single light source. From a quantum mechanical perspective, ODC can be seen as result of differencing two photons to produce a microwave. Since the energy of a photon is given by
the frequency summing
is simply a statement that energy is conserved.
In a common ODC application, light from a tunable infrared laser is combined with light from a fixed frequency visible laser to produce a microwave created by a wave mixing process.
The ODC use milimeteric microwave cavity that include photonic crystal that provide by two signal frequency light source. The microwave is detected by the cavity antenna. | a1ccadc0-1bf9-4363-a1b6-6087f942f9b6 |
null | Activist
Francisco Aguirre-Velasquez is an activist for the rights of workers and immigrants in Portland, Oregon. He is originally from El Salvador, but fled the country due to military violence against his family. He has fought for the rights of laborers in both Los Angeles, California and Portland for over 25 years. He was one of the founding members of the Portland organization, Portland VOZ Worker's Education Project, and currently works as the center coordinator for their NE Portland location.
When living in El Salvador, as a child, most of his family left the country as refugees without him. he was kidnapped for around one year by the military, until they torturing him and trying to make him believe that they got his uncle and that he must shut him, but they never let him see the face of the men who was claiming to be his uncle, he believed that the man was not his uncle, and the handgun they give him was without bullets to shoot his uncle. After all that, he was rescued and he sought refuge at Guazapa hill with members of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front.
#UnidosConFrancisco
In 2014, Immigration and Customs Enforcement attempted to detain and arrest Francisco. He sought sanctuary in the Augustana Lutheran Church, which is part of the sanctuary movement. The Department of Justice then charged Francisco for illegally reentering the United States.
After he left the church, the Department of Homeland Security began harassing them about food stamps. His eldest son, Denis Moises, commonly referred to by peers as simply Moises, traumatized by the continued harassment against his family by various government agencies and local law enforcement, flew back to El Salvador in July 2015. A few months later, on February 2, 2016, Francisco was informed that Moises, 19, had been murdered, allegedly by two gunmen who were ordered to kill him.
After several protests and vigils, using the hashtag and slogan #UnidosConFrancisco (English: Unity With Francisco), the charges were dropped on June 17 of 2016, which is just two months after his trial began on April 19. However, he is still in conflict with ICE.
Francisco applied for a U-Visa which was denied and now he is in the process to get political asylum. He has to report to ICE whenever they ask him, and he is not sure to get the asylum.
Francisco was persecuted in his country because of his political beliefs. and his life is in danger if he is deported to El Salvador, where he could end up getting killed like his son. | 5b10cccd-ad33-45b4-97d9-e71e148dda66 |
null | Jamaican footballer
Christopher Ricardo Junior Pearson (born 21 January 2003) is a Jamaican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for USL Championship club FC Tulsa.
Club career
Youth
Pearson spent four years at Kingston College from 2019 to 2022. Pearson was named the MVP of the league in 2022 after finishing as its leading goalscorer with nine goals.
Cavalier
In 2022, Pearson signed with National Premier League side Cavalier, where he debuted on 14 March 2022, scoring an 89th–minute goal against Molynes United.
FC Tulsa
On 19 July 2022, Pearson made the move to the United States, joining USL Championship side FC Tulsa. Following the 2022 season, he re-signed with the club for 2023.
International career
Pearson has been capped five times at under-20 level for the Jamaican national team. He was also selected by Jamaica's senior squad three times in its final 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification window in March 2022 in fixtures against El Salvador, Canada, and Honduras. | 2cbaaccf-44db-45c4-9b41-1f4fb28ae1c8 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Candelaria"} | Argentine football club
Football club
Club Atlético Candelaria are a lower league football club from the city of Candelaria in the province of Misiones in Argentina.
They currently play in Torneo Argentino C which is the regionalised 5th tier of Argentinian football. They won promotion to Torneo Argentino A in 2003/04 but only survived 2 seasons before succumbing to relegation back to Argentino B.
Candalaria finished second bottom of their group in the Apertura and Clausura of Torneo Argentino B 2006–2007 condemning them to relegation to Argentino C which is the lowest level of football in the AFA league system.
Trophies
2003-04 | efb1dad9-623d-4a33-8e48-32e58787ccbd |
null | RNAA may mean:
Topics referred to by the same term | 5fa2b173-194f-4116-bb6c-8acd02f186e3 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93related_articles"} | Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Saudi Arabia include:
Contents:
0-9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Contents | 7514d257-e782-4f7f-90f0-a0bde644304a |
null | Thornberry Animal Sanctuary is a medium-sized animal rescue and welfare charity, located in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. It is an animal sanctuary and shelter, providing temporary shelter and permanent care for pets and farm animals, adhering to a non-destruction policy.
Information
Thornberry was founded in 1988 by Steve Bamford, who sold his home to buy the land on which the sanctuary stands; turning his childhood hobby of rescuing and caring for animals into his life's work. Bamford lived in a small caravan for 5 years, without electricity, heating, running water or sanitation whilst the sanctuary was established. The main sanctuary site in North Anston initially took up 2 acres (8,100 m2), containing kennels, cattery, stables, and barn. The stables later moved to Birks Farm in Worksop, but that facility was sold again, and the stables are now at Silverthorpe Farm in Ravenfield.
Bamford won the 2004 IFAW/The People Animal Action Award for Commitment. But he is no longer formally affiliated with the charity, having left following allegations of financial mismanagement in connection with the Birks Farm sale and Silverthorpe Farm purchase. The organization itself, however, was cleared of any serious misconduct by the Charity Commission.
Thornberry Animal Sanctuary ("Caring for animals since 1988") is owned and managed by a Management Committee. The charity is not funded by the government and is financed by donations and fund-raising events. The sanctuary has a small number of paid staff to help with the welfare of the animals; it is otherwise mainly run by volunteers.
The sanctuary is open for visitors for a few hours every day; there is a small entrance fee on weekends.
Thornberry Animal Sanctuary (TAS) has formed up with a new pub in Dinnington Monk's Bridge Farm they bring animals to the pub to show customers and to help with fund raising. | 844fad9a-9a1f-4fb1-a055-c5e2396c6372 |
null | Mark Fisher (3 December 1959 – 12 December 2016) was a British session keyboardist. He was the first keyboard player for Wham! and performed on their 1985-1986 world tour. He also worked with Sister Sledge, and was one-half of Matt Bianco. His father is Tony Fisher, a trumpeter who worked with Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughan, and Oscar Peterson, and recorded with The Beatles during the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band sessions, appearing on "Strawberry Fields Forever". | b763351f-43e8-4370-adda-8e7b589b3974 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Ukraintsev"} | Yemelyan Ignatievich Ukraintsev (Russian: Емелья́н Игна́тьевич Украи́нцев; September 12 or 23, 1641–1708) was a Russian diplomat and statesman.
Ukraintsev started his career in civil service in 1660 as a podyachy (подьячий; hypodiakonos from Greek means "assistant servant") in the Posolsky Prikaz (Diplomacy Department). He served under the supervision of Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin, which whom he would go on a diplomatic mission to Warsaw in 1662-1663. Ukraintsev took part in signing the Treaty of Andrusovo with Poland in 1667. In 1672-1673, he was sent as an envoy to Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands, where Ukraintsev conducted negotiations regarding these countries' participation in military campaigns against Turkey. When Artamon Matveev fell into disgrace in 1676, Ukraintsev unofficially took charge of the Posolsky Prikaz. In 1677, he was sent to Warsaw as a second ambassador. In 1679, Ukraintsev met with Hetman Ivan Samoylovych to negotiate joint military action against the Turks. Ironically, he also participated in Samoylovych's deposition during the Crimean campaigns in 1687.
In 1686, Ukraintsev took part in signing the Eternal Peace Treaty with Poland. In 1689, Ukraintsev and Vasily Galitzine (then head of the Posolsky Prikaz) had to flee from the Crimean Tatars. After Galitzine's deposition, Yemelyan Ukraintsev joined his opponents and officially took charge of the Posolsky Prikaz, keeping this post for ensuing ten years.
In 1699, he was appointed ambassador to Constantinople, where he would manage to sign a 30-year peace treaty with the Porte on favorable conditions on July 3, 1700 (Treaty of Constantinople). Upon his return from Turkey, Ukraintsev was appointed head of the Proviantsky Prikaz (Provisions Department). He kept this post until 1706, when he was accused of misuse, subjected to corporal punishment, and fined. Another historical account claims that Ukraintsev was also forced to make mantles and 1400 hats for the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments. Despite this incident, his diplomatic career continued. In 1707-1708, Ukraintsev was appointed ambassador to Poland together with Prince Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov.
Ukraintsev died in 1708 while on a mission to Hungary to reconcile Duke Francis II Rákóczi with the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I. | 0e8122af-379b-46db-82e2-762940f893c4 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrymeeting_Bay"} | Freshwater tidal bay in Maine, United States
Merrymeeting Bay is a large freshwater tidal bay located in the U.S. state of Maine. Merrymeeting Bay's unusual geography defies common landform terms.[citation needed] It is not what is usually meant by the word bay. It is somewhat like an estuary but it has fresh water with very little salt. Geologically it is described as an "inland delta" and biologically as "tidal riverine."[citation needed]
The head of Merrymeeting Bay is generally considered to begin at the southernmost point of Swan Island. Bordering towns and cities include Bath, Brunswick, Topsham, Bowdoinham, Dresden, and Woolwich. Public access to the bay is gained mainly from public docks on one of the contributing rivers in Brunswick, Bath, Richmond, and Bowdoinham.[citation needed]
Geology
Six rivers flow into the bay, the two largest being the Kennebec River and the Androscoggin River. The four smaller rivers are the Cathance, Eastern, Abagadasset, and Muddy rivers. The bay receives water from nearly 40% of Maine's land area as well as from part of New Hampshire. The watershed is just under 20,000 square miles (50,000 km2).
Merrymeeting Bay is linked to the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean by the Lower Kennebec River, a long saltwater tidal channel. The Lower Kennebec River and Merrymeeting Bay are known collectively as the Kennebec Estuary. Merrymeeting Bay's connection to the Lower Kennebec River is via a 280-yard (260 m) slot in the bedrock called The Chops, an area of converging water flows known to be hazardous to boaters.
The waters of the bay flow out through The Chops at low tide, while high tide brings a mix of fresh water and seawater back up the Kennebec. The river flow volume from six rivers typically exceeds the volume of the incoming tide. Combined with the bottleneck of The Chops, the result is a tidal waterbody with very little salt, known as brackish.
Located about 17 miles (27 km) from the North Atlantic, Merrymeeting Bay has many river delta characteristics. The tides average about 5 feet (1.5 m). The unusual combination of a large body of freshwater and strong tides results in an intertidal habitat that harbors a variety of rare plant species.[citation needed]
Habitat
Large numbers of migrating birds use Merrymeeting Bay as a stopping point along their flyway. For the east coast of the United States, the concentration of waterfowl at Merrymeeting Bay is second only to that at Chesapeake Bay. The bay is also home to a large population of bald eagles.
The strong tidal currents and saltwater in the Lower Kennebec River prevent the river below The Chops or Thorne Head from freezing, making it an ideal wintering habitat for waterfowl. The freshwater in the bay and the Kennebec above The Chops freeze thoroughly. The bay and Kennebec above were once the source of winter ice for a thriving ice harvesting industry. In the early 20th century, Kennebec ice was shipped as far away as India, protected by being packed in sawdust to keep it from melting.
Merrymeeting Bay also supports runs of migratory fish, including the endangered Atlantic salmon and shortnose sturgeon. Other species include Atlantic sturgeon, shad, alewives, American eel, and others.
History
The origin of the name is uncertain. Some suggest that it comes from an Abenaki language term, as this tribe established seasonal camps near the bay. But their name for the bay does not have this meaning. Abenaki names recorded for this bay were Chisapeak ("at the big part of the river") and Quabacook, meaning "duck watering place".
The 17th-century English name for this bay is a symbolic reference to periodic festive gatherings known in the colonial period as "merry meetings" (such as the traditional annual spring fairs in England known as May Fairs when people played games, held archery contests, danced around the maypole, and often got drunk). These "rabble-rousing festivities" were headed by a popular elected leader known as a "Robin Hood," after the mythic leader. Puritans in New England, who were Calvinist Protestants, denounced these folk festivals as vulgar revelries with "light, lewde, and lascivious dancing."
English colonists dismissed the Abenaki on the Lower Kennebec as "wild men," and gave them nicknames, generally derogatory. Chief Rawandagon, the 17th-century sagamore (headman) of the lower Kennebec, including Merrymeeting Bay, was known as Robin Hood. As in the May Fairs, he was said to head a band of "merry men." A village on Georgetown Island on the lower Kennebec was located at the entrance of what was known as Robinhood Cove, named after this chief.
According to historian Frank Burroughs, the name may have been related to the annual springtime rendezvous of fur traders and trappers, at which time drink flowed freely as goods were paid for and exchanged. But he thinks the name was intended to attract a certain kind of English colonist and repel Puritans, as the bay was host to rum importation. Variant early colonial English names of Merrymeeting Bay include New Somerset Lake and Swan Pond. | 43474127-8133-4926-8672-b32541a51d82 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournon,_Savoie"} | Commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
Tournon (French pronunciation: [tuʁnɔ̃]) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. | 52c5a6fa-f1b3-41db-b6dc-bfe09d9c6740 |
null | Mountain peak in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica
Ivory Tower (85°28′S 142°24′W / 85.467°S 142.400°W / -85.467; -142.400Coordinates: 85°28′S 142°24′W / 85.467°S 142.400°W / -85.467; -142.400) is a small peak rising to about 800 metres (2,600 ft), 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of Fadden Peak, between the Harold Byrd Mountains and the Bender Mountains in Antarctica. The peak was visited by a United States Antarctic Research Program – Arizona State University geological party, 1977–78, and was named because of its composition of nearly all white marble. | 5d390a12-e317-4204-b6f9-ae4ec851fb47 |
null | Mary Hinton may refer to: | c74dd5c3-dbda-4905-916c-2bc48c557c2f |
null | List of people famous for having model railways
Notable within the model press
Celebrity modellers
Fictional modellers | 57ee86c6-4102-47d2-9042-d606f24d2895 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBYE"} | Former radio station in Calera, Alabama
WBYE (1370 AM) was an American radio station formerly licensed to the community of Calera, Alabama, and serving the greater Birmingham, Alabama, area. The station was owned by Progressive United Communications, Inc. It aired a Gospel music format. The station was assigned the WBYE call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.
History
In June 1983, Shelby County Advertising Corporation reached an agreement to sell WBYE to B.M. Murchison. The deal was approved by the FCC on August 18, 1983, and the transaction was consummated on December 12, 1983.
In January 1986, B.M, Murchison reached an agreement to sell WBYE to Thomas Ellsworth Leighton. The deal was approved by the FCC on February 24, 1986, and the transaction was consummated on March 20, 1986.
In March 1989, Laura Lou Roberts Leighton, executrix of the estate of Thomas Ellsworth Leighton, reached an agreement to sell this radio station to WBYE Broadcasting Company, Inc. The deal was approved by the FCC on March 2, 1989, and the transaction was consummated on April 10, 1989.
In November 1999, WBYE Broadcasting Company, Inc., reached an agreement to sell WBYE to Progressive United Communications, Inc. The deal was approved by the FCC on February 4, 2000, and the transaction was consummated on April 28, 2000.
On April 6, 2012, the station's license was cancelled and its callsign deleted from the FCC's database. | c4ebb935-7119-4639-92e0-c41d12215929 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga_High_School"} | Public school in Rancho Cucamonga, California, USA
Rancho Cucamonga High School is a public high school in the city of Rancho Cucamonga in Southern California's Inland Empire. It is one of nine high schools in the Chaffey Joint Union High School District. Rancho Cucamonga High School opened in August 1992 with an enrollment of approximately 1,500 ninth to eleventh grade students.[citation needed] Today, RCHS has an enrollment of approximately 3,400 students in the 9th through 12th grades.
Academics
In 1996 and in 2003, Rancho Cucamonga High School was honored as one of California's Distinguished Schools. In 1997 and in 2003, Rancho Cucamonga High School was accredited by WASC for 6 years. Rancho Cucamonga High School was honored in 1998 as a State of California nominee as a national Blue Ribbon School. In 1999, RCHS joined the ranks of California's digital high schools. It serves students from Ruth Musser, and Etiwanda District schools (primarily Etiwanda Intermediate). Rancho Cucamonga High School has been recognized as a Silver Medal School by U.S. News & World Report.
Rancho Cucamonga High School has posted an Academic Performance Index (API) rating of over 800 since the 2009-2010 school year, with a score of 839 in the 2011-2012 school year.
RCHS offers 18 Advanced Placement courses as of the 2018-2019 school year, with about 25% of the students taking one or more AP courses. RCHS also uses California Standardized Testing and Reporting, and supports the GATE program.
Until the 2008-2009 school year the school had an AFJROTC unit residing, CA-941. The RCHS AFJROTC won fourth place at the Fontana High School Drill meet.[when?]
The school's Academic Decathlon team has also been successful in recent years, qualifying for the California Academic Decathlon State Competition multiple times and placing fourth overall in 2019.
Activities
Rancho Cucamonga High School offers a number of clubs and organizations to promote students' interests and involvement in the school. Clubs offered include: Anime Club, AP Club, Associated Student Body, Black Student Union, BASIC (Brothers and Sisters in Christ), Best of Buddies, C.A.S.T., California Scholarship Federation, Cougars For Christ, Dumbledore's Army, Environmental Club, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, FIDM Fashion Club, Food Review Club, Future Business Leaders of America, Gay-Straight Alliance, Hearts for Animals, Hip Hop Club, iHeart Art Club, iSnap, Key Club, Lessons Learned Tutoring Program, Lifeteen, Musicians in Christ, Mock Trial, Muslim Student Association, National Honor Society, PILOT, Project Africa, Kits and Kaboodles, Political and Social Awareness, RC Cares, Rancho Rooters, RCHS Interact, Red Cross, Reflection, Renaissance, Science Olympiad, Snowboarding Club, Spoken Word, STAND, STEM, Suicide Prevention Club, TV/Video Club, Urban Dance Club, and Yearbook.
The school has a number of varsity sports teams and performing arts programs, including Boys' and Girls' Basketball, Tennis, Baseball/Softball, Swimming, Water Polo, Track & Field, Cross Country, Soccer, Boys' Football, and Golf. Performing Arts include Drama, the Rancho Cucamonga Marching Cougars Marching Band, Jazz Band, Wind Ensemble, Concert Band, Symphonic Band, Drumline, Choir, Dance, and Color Guard.
RCHS also hosts an event for military veterans, called Rancho Remembers, which is held every April/May. The event, founded and organized in 2007 by three of the school's history teachers, Mr. Robert Sanchez, Mr. Aaron Bishop and Mr. James Longo, along with a number of students in a club of the same name, gathers a number of veterans in the school's gymnasium, who have the opportunity to share their stories and interact with the school's junior class in a formal setting, with lunch also being served at the event for the veterans and students. The event attracts a large number of veterans each year, with the 2013 event attracting 320 veterans. Rancho Remembers and its founders have received great praise from the veterans, and from local citizens and news outlets, for putting on such a special event that honors the veterans, and teaches the students in a memorable fashion.
Athletics
Rancho Cucamonga High School competes in the Baseline League, including Chino Hills, Damien, Upland, Etiwanda, and Los Osos, with Los Osos being the school's main rival.
The Football team has produced a number of Division I FBS recruits, including 6 from the 2012 class alone. The school has been primarily noted for its production of standout defensive backs, with 3 of them going on to become 2nd round NFL Draft picks. In 2016, construction of a brand new football and track stadium was completed allowing students to play games at home for the first time in the school's history. The school is also known for its traditional "Haka" dance, a cultural dance, that is performed after home games.
Demographics
As of the 2018-19 school year, the ethnic breakdown of the students:
13.0% Black or African American
0.2% American Indian or Alaskan Native
9.7% Asian
3.9% Filipino
0.9% Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
44.6% Hispanic or Latino
22.3% White
5.0% Two or More Races
Future technology and upgrades
In accordance with the passage of California Proposition 30, and the passage of the local district initiative Measure P, both passed on November 6, 2012, Chaffey Joint Union High School District schools approved a large project to upgrade the high schools' facilities and technology. Rancho Cucamonga High School, as a result, received its own football and track facility, as well as new tennis courts, an auditorium, and a new classroom building. Other proposed upgrades include a parking structure, as well as renovated classrooms and other facilities. The stadium was completed in 2016. The school will also receive technological upgrades, as well as improvements to the school's energy efficiency and environmental efficiency systems.
Notable alumni | b5afc11b-acee-4047-9fe0-96b1305930cd |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteils,_Gard"} | Commune in Occitania, France
Monteils (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tɛj]; Occitan: Montelhs) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Population | a26842e0-016f-409f-926d-0c87b8ae39b9 |
null | Portuguese fado singer
Joaquim Viana Pimentel (? in Cedofeita – 15 July 2003 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese Fado singer, who made his career as "ambassador" of the fado in Brazil, where he became popular and was called "the prince of Portuguese song."
He first visited Brazil from 1934 to 1935, returned again to spend the war years in Brazil, and settled there permanently in 1947. Among his fados are Dá tempo ao tempo, and Voltaste recorded by Beatriz da Conceiçao, José Antonio (viola), José Manuel (guitar) for Paul Van Nevel in 1996. | 60c26b90-01e7-496b-8fc8-f45e40797dba |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Person"} | French politician (born 1989)
Pierre Person (born 22 January 1989) is a French politician who served as the member of the National Assembly for the 6th constituency of Paris from 2017 until 2022. A member of La République En Marche! (LREM), his constituency covers parts of the 11th and 20th arrondissements. Person is considered a close ally to President Emmanuel Macron in Parliament.
Political career
During his studies at the University of Poitiers, Person volunteered as the local chairman of the left-wing National Union of Students of France (UNEF). He was also a member of the Socialist Party until 2012. Ahead of the 2012 French presidential election, he worked for the campaign of Socialist candidate Dominique Strauss-Kahn.
In 2015, Person co-founded "Les Jeunes avec Macron" (JAM) with three friends – Sacha Houlié, Florian Humez and Jean Gaborit – which had more than 22,000 members by September 2017. In March 2016, he helped launch “La Gauche Libre” (“The Free Left”), a think-tank advocating “left-wing liberalism” as represented by Emmanuel Macron. He later joined Macron's campaign staff ahead of the 2017 presidential elections.
Person has been a member of the National Assembly since the 2017 elections. In parliament, he first served on the Finance Committee from 2017 until 2018, where he was the rapporteur on the Ministry of Culture's annual budget. Since 2019, he has been a member of both the Committee on Legal Affairs and the Committee on Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning. Person was later appointed as co-rapporteur of a parliamentary mission on crypto assets, which published its conclusions in January 2019.
In November 2018, following the resignation of Christophe Castaner from the position as chairman of LREM, Person briefly considered a candidacy to succeed him but later withdrew from the race for the party leadership; instead, Stanislas Guerini was elected. Person later became Guerini's deputy. In September 2020, he stepped down from that role because of disagreements over the direction of the party; he remained an LREM member.
Person was not seeking re-election in the 2022 French legislative election.
Political positions
In May 2018, Person co-sponsored an initiative in favour of a bioethics law extending to homosexual and single women free access to fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF), under France's national health insurance; it was one of the campaign promises of President Emmanuel Macron and marked the first major social reform of his five-year term.
In 2019, Person was one of five members of the LREM parliamentary group who joined a cross-party initiative to legalize the distribution and use of cannabis.
Controversy
In 2022, Politico Europe reported that Person had been in talks with potential partners and investors to create a European stablecoin with Carrefour-owned fintech company Market Pay after having been at the forefront of efforts to draft France's cryptocurrency legislation. | f67158dd-8bf7-4ac9-8ba1-2134dbe32d7a |
null | Body of water
Lake Montauban is crossed by Noire River, in the municipality of Saint-Alban, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in the Quebec, in Canada.
The area around Lac Montauban is served on the east side by Chemin Antoine-François-Germain and Chemin du Gouverneur-Duquesne. Secondary forest roads serve the other parts. Forestry is the main economic activity in the sector; recreotourism activities, second.
The surface of Lac Montauban is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from mid-December to mid-March.
Geography
With a length of 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) and a maximum width of 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) Montauban Lake (Portneuf) is doing everything in length in the north-south axis. This lake is located entirely in the forest environment. The north end of the lake is located in the south-eastern part of the municipality of Rivière-à-Pierre, while most of the lake is located in the rank G (crossing 12 lots) and F (through 5 lots), located north of Saint-Alban. Thus, Montauban Lake is located northeast of Saint-Ubalde. The shape of the lake round the east corner of the Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-Montauban. The northern part of the lake extends into a strait leading to three small lakes including lake Nicolas and "petit lac Nicolas" (small lake Nicolas).
With 70 kilometres (43.50 mi), the Portneuf Regional Natural Park includes Long lake, Montauban, Carillon, Sept-Îles, En Cœur (In Heart), "À l'Anguille" (at the Eel) and some other water bodies more secondary. This park is popular for tourist activities: hiking trails, boat ramp to the water... At the mouth of Long Lake, a dam 20 metres (66 ft) long, offers a height of retained 3.2 metres (10 ft) and capacity retained 25.8 million cubic metres (910×10^6 cu ft) of water. This dam was built in wood in 1960 was rebuilt in concrete in 2011.
Lake Carillon is located west of the southern end of Lake Montauban, while Nadeau Lake is located in the south near the "long lake". Montauban lake discharges into the "Long Lake" located in the southeast. It discharges from the south in the Black River (Portneuf), which crosses the Saint Lawrence Lowlands serpentine manner to the village of Saint-Casimir where it flows into the Sainte-Anne River.
Toponymy
The toponym "Lac Montauban" was recorded as of December 5, 1968, at the Bank of place names in Commission de toponymie du Québec (Geographical Names Board of Québec). | 47031a55-08ec-4adf-9c3c-ce25fc0a418e |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick_World:_Tournament_of_Champions"} | 1997 video game
Brunswick World: Tournament of Champions is a Super NES bowling video game that engages players in the life of an aspiring bowler who wants to make it to the top of the professional bowling world.
Gameplay
The player can play exhibition mode or league mode.
The player must choose the weight of the bowling ball. The lighter it is, the more force the player needs to make a strike. Players can either participate in a short tournament or a long tournament, which determines the number of bowlers that he plays against.
There are six tournaments to compete in: the Combat Zone Classic, The Quantum Open, The Las Vegas International, The Bayer Brunswick Tournament Players Championship, The Johnny Petraglia Open, and the Brunswick World Tournament of Champions. Two circular meters are used to determine the power and spin of the bowling ball. Rookies can opt to manually adjust the spin meter to their level of skill. Players have the option to play against Walter Ray Williams, Jr. along with several other professional bowlers. | a70e63cc-3fc2-49f5-8050-cc688a074cd1 |
null | The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Little Rock Branch is a branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis established in 1918. The Branch provided check processing operations until 2003, when these services were moved to the Memphis Branch. The branch is responsible for the western 2/3 of the state of Arkansas.
Current Board of Directors
The following people are on the board of directors as of Jan. 1, 2023:
Little Rock Branch Regional Executive
The Little Rock branch is led by Regional Executive Matuschka Briggs, who currently serves on the boards of directors of Mercy Hospital East Communities, Mercy Hospital Patient Experience and Missouri Arts Council Board. | 9cb84c1a-7cba-40bd-b219-34fb48359495 |
null | Philema Branch (sometimes called Philema Creek) is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to Flint River.
The stream was named after Chief Fullemy (or Philema) of the Chiaha tribe. A variant name is Beaverdam Creek. | c88e43d1-654d-4ffa-b767-33efff0a6a7e |
null | Union in Khulna, Bangladesh
Daulatpur Union (Bengali: দৌলতপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Daulatpur Upazila, in Kushtia District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 84.56 square kilometres (32.65 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 31,720. There are 23 villages and 19 mouzas in the union. | e7e378f2-efea-4654-b92d-c8877cf81207 |
null | Great Detectives of Old Time Radio Live is an Australian touring show that debuted in 2015. The show's plot centred around recreating the experience of attending a 1950s radio drama recording. The show drew heavily on elements from the 1950s "the golden age of radio drama." The original show featured three original stories, the touring edition also featured three, but eventually eliminated the finale story. The show is notable for featuring minimal audience interaction and the actors are able to "break," as the cast are playing actors playing characters - so they are aware of the audiences' presence. The show was adapted, directed and produced by Benjamin Maio Mackay.
Original Adelaide Fringe 2015
The original production was performed in the Adelaide Fringe Festival 2015 and premiered at the Capri Theatre. The show featured Benjamin Maio Mackay, Michael Allen, Julia Sciacca, Eden Trebilco , Therese Hornby, Jennifer Barry (actor), and Brian Knott.
The show was set in the 1950s and the line up of shows included Dragnet, Yours Truly Johnny Dollar and Candy Matson. Maio Mackay, Trebilco and Sciacca played the leads in each respectively.
Revised Touring Production 2016/2017
In 2016 the show was revived by Preachrs Podcast OnLine & OnStage and this new version toured Australia.
The revised show featured two Candy Matson stories and one Johnny Dollar story. The cast was reduced to Benjamin Maio Mackay, Julia Sciacca, Eden Trebilco, and Jennifer Barry (actor). The show was again adapted and directed by Benjamin Maio Mackay. It opened in September 2016 in the Sydney Fringe.
Critical reaction
The show received a number of 2016 Broadway World Award Theatre Nominations, including; Best Actor (Maio Mackay and Trebilco), Best Actress (Sciacca), Best Supporting Actress (Barry), Best Director (Maio Mackay), and Best Play.
“There’s something utterly charming about the radio plays of the 1950s, and this production captures that charm perfectly...Close your eyes and you’re back in the 1950s listening avidly as the latest instalment spirals out of the wireless!” 4 Stars - The Adelaide Advertiser
“Great experience. An opportunity that doesn’t come along often – a trip back in time to the sounds of yesteryear.” - Radio Adelaide
“If you have a hankering to revisit the entertainment of another era, this is an excellent way to do it.” 4 Stars - Rip it Up
“A fabulous show” - The Clothesline
"This was an enjoyable performance that improved with each story and entertained the audience. Thanks to the direction and it took us back to a time when entertainment consisted of well-scripted plots, vocal talent, and minimal sound effects—even those who had never experienced authentic radio drama were enthralled by the talent on stage and engaging stories." Highly Recommended Show - Fringe Review UK
"It was a lovely way to spend 85 minutes." - Yaniism
"The show is well thought-out and put together and provides an entertaining experience for the audience." - Adelaide Theatre Guide
Seasons
Guest Stars
The 2016/2017 version features a guest star in every performance. They have 6 lines across the play, but remain onstage the entire show. A variety of media personalities, musical theatre performers and TV stars have taken on the role. No guest stars appeared in Mount Gambier or in the 2018 production. | a0d26782-b031-46fe-af30-5ff7dd4edc13 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_wilsonii"} | Species of legume
Acacia wilsonii, also known as Wilson's wattle, is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is endemic to a small area of western Australia. It was listed as an endangered species in 2018 according to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 by Australian authorities and according to Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 by Western Australian authorities.
Description
The low, spreading and wiry shrub typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 0.5 metres (0.7 to 1.6 ft) and tends to have horizontal branches. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The erect, cylindrical and evergreen phyllodes have a length of up to about 13 cm (5.1 in). When it blooms it produces spherical flower-heads that are golden yellow. The seed pods that form after flowering have a linear shape with a length up to 5.5 cm (2.2 in) and hold dull brown oblong shaped seeds.
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the botanists Richard Sumner Cowan and Bruce Maslin in 1999. The specific epithet honors Paul G. Wilson who collected the type specimen.
Distribution
It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Mid West regions of Western Australia. The range of the species extends from around Eneabba in the north and down to around Badgingarra in the south where it is found growing in sandy or loamy soils usually over laterite and commonly situated on hills or slopes as a part of open heath or mallee woodland communities. It is found to be associated with Eucalyptus suberea, Allocasuarina campestris, Calothamnus quadrifidus, Eucalyptus gittinsii, Eucalyptus eudesmioides, Eucalyptus accedens and Grevillea amplexans. | 7c271d73-1b49-4d26-9bf4-fc73c80be81b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_2_deputati"} | 1968 film
I 2 deputati (Italian for "The two deputies") is a 1968 comedy film written and directed by Giovanni Grimaldi and starring the comic duo Franco and Ciccio.
Cast | 1d394c53-0e11-4d8e-9fec-0534f8b53e4c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_T._Kerfoot"} | American politician (1843–1936)
William Turner Kerfoot (September 26, 1843 – June 7, 1936) was an American politician who served in the Virginia House of Delegates. | 807524f0-0c0c-4f5e-b9bc-24edf92ccac6 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidi_Jaber"} | Town in Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco
Sidi Jaber is a town in Béni-Mellal Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 4,693. | d2fb73ae-70eb-48cd-9930-9f64c52cfedf |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Liberals_(Switzerland)"} | Youth wing of Swiss political party FDP.The Liberals
The Young Liberals of Switzerland (German: Jungfreisinnige Schweiz, French: Jeunes Libéraux-Radicaux Suisse, Italian: Giovani Liberali Radicali Svizzera, Romansh: Giuvens Liberals Svizra), abbreviated to YLS (German: JF), is the youth wing of FDP.The Liberals. It was founded in 1906 and, with more than 4,400 members aged between 15 and 35.
About
The Young Liberals of Switzerland (YLS) are active on the federal, the Cantonal, the local level and at universities in Switzerland. The party has four members of the federal National Council, Christian Wasserfallen, Andri Silberschmidt, Philippe Nantermod, Christa Markwalder and one of the Council of States, Johanna Gapany. The party also holds several seats in Cantonal and local parliaments.
Although the YLS is independent, it is affiliated with the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland and, on the international level, with European Liberal Youth as well as International Federation of Liberal Youth.
Principles
The Young Liberals stands for more freedom in daily life and fights against bureaucracy and unnecessary bans. The Young Liberals commit themselves for an excellent education, secure social security within a sustainable social welfare system, a strong economy- based on free market principles -especially for small and medium business, security and a sustainable environment.
Organisation
The sovereign body of the Young Liberals is called "The Congress", and meets once a year, usually in spring. The Congress elects the members of the National Board and decides upon political strategy papers, which altogether form the manifesto. During the year, the Council of Delegates meets four times and decides on current business, e.g. adopts the positions of the party on popular votes and referendums. The Young Liberals organized a referendum against fixed book prices and won the public vote. The National Board is responsible for the daily business and coordination with the cantonal sections.
National Board The current members of the National Board (as of July 2020): | 6095f7f1-28e5-45bd-8206-5f79822bb208 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/925_(album)"} | 2020 studio album by Sorry
925 is the debut studio album by English indie band Sorry. It was released on 27 March 2020 under Domino Recording Company.
Critical reception
925 was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 79, based on 15 reviews.
Accolades
Track listing
Charts
Release history | 160dd8ae-e697-4713-848d-0504c28bca5c |
null | Albrook may refer to the following entities in Panama:
Topics referred to by the same term | 3b2c4c77-2d07-49e1-9fa7-3cbd3744fa00 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Joseph_Federici_III"} | American lawyer
Fred Joseph Federici III (born 1965) is an American attorney who formerly served as the acting United States attorney for the District of New Mexico. He was previously a nominee to be a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico.
Early life and education
Federici was born in Raleigh, North Carolina. He earned a Bachelor of Arts from the College of William & Mary in 1988 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1991.
Career
Federici began his career as an associate at Venable LLP, in Washington, D.C. In 1995, he became an assistant United States attorney for the District of New Mexico. He was the office's criminal chief from 2008–2010, a line supervisor from 2010–2018, and has been its first assistant United States attorney since 2018.
Upon the resignation of John C. Anderson on January 2, 2021, Federici assumed office as the acting U.S. attorney. He served until May 24, 2022, when Alexander M.M. Uballez was sworn in.
Expired nomination to district court
On May 28, 2020, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Federici to serve as a United States district judge for the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico. On June 18, 2020, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Federici to the seat vacated by Judge Robert C. Brack, who took senior status on July 25, 2018. On January 3, 2021, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. | 98b7e090-470c-4d29-a99a-878ff3fb9878 |
null | The Finches is an American folk pop band, founded in San Francisco, California.
The band released their debut album Human Like a House on January 30, 2007. In February 2008, Aaron Morgan moved from The Finches. John Garmon (drums) and Gerry Saucedo (bass) joined the group. They are a trio.
Membership
Band lineup (as of May 2010):
Discography
Albums
EPs
Sources | a65baaae-0630-4e02-9641-69b16ad44e8e |
null | Vlad Drakov is a fictional character; from the Ravenloft campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.
Fictional character biography
Vlad Drakov is the darklord of Falkovnia, although the extent to which he appreciates this fact, and in particular his curse, is unclear.
Drakov hails from Taladas in Krynn, where he was a mercenary captain known as the Hawk. His men were the Talons of the Hawk, and they were widely known as ruthless and brutal enforcers of whoever was paying their expenses. When Drakov first arrived in the Land of Mists, he and his men found themselves in Darkon, where they set about trying to make a territorial claim by destroying a village and putting the inhabitants on pikes. When the villagers animated as the walking dead, Drakov and his men were forced to flee into the Mists. There the domain of Falkovnia was revealed to Drakov and held him fast.
Drakov has ruled for over 90 years, though he appears to be only in his late sixties. Speculation on his slowed aging has ruled out undeath, but the cause of his longevity is still a desperate secret. Through his numerous wives, mistresses, slave-concubines and the right of First Night, Drakov has children of all ages, all over Falkovnia and beyond. Counted among them are Vlad Drakov II, Vigo Drakov, Mikhail Drakov, Mircea Drakov, Kara Drakov, Victor Helsinger, Gabrielle Aderre. If one of his illegitimate children earns renown, Drakov may extend an invitation to join House Drakov, recognizing formally the relationship and granting the new Drakov a measure of wealth and power.
Drakov prefers impalement as a method of execution, and demands at least one such killing to accompany his evening meal. He was the perpetrator of the Dead Man's Campaign, Gold Claw Massacre, Widow's Massacre, Winter War, Dementlieuvian Annexation, Starving March, Borderlands War, and Executioner's Campaign.
He resides principally in Draccipetri.
Sources
Template:D&D-char-stub | 7e6e5087-b7a7-4910-843a-9d131919280f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Burger"} | French sprint canoer
Guillaume Burger (born 25 January 1989) is a French sprint canoer who has competed since the late 2000s.
Career
He won two medals at the 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth with a silver in the K-4 1000 m and a bronze in the K-1 4 x 200 m events.
He is member of the CKCIR Saint Grégoire Club. | 1ac74679-2eb6-4805-a74b-e9f36f02f994 |
null | The Durdane series is a trilogy of science fiction books written by Jack Vance between 1971 and 1973, and detail the adventures of Gastel Etzwane on the world Durdane. The trilogy, as a whole, portrays his rise from common boy to the autocrat The Anome, and finally, as a saviour of his world against the alien Asutra of the third book.
The three books in the trilogy are, in reading and publication order:
Plot summary
The land of Shant on the planet Durdane is ruled by a purposely anonymous dictator called the Anome or Faceless Man. He maintains control by virtue of the torc, a ring of explosive placed around the neck of every adult in Shant.
The Anome is the product of a self-perpetuating, self-selecting dynasty. When one Anome grows old, he chooses his successor, a system hundreds of years old. The reason for this harsh system of government is the extreme individuality of the folk of Shant. They are divided into dozens of different cantons, each with very distinctive customs and laws, united only by a common language. Prior to the ascendancy of the Faceless Man, Shant was plagued by constant civil war and dissension. The Faceless Man not only provides the glue that holds Shant together; he communicates anonymously with the cantonal leaders. Those who lose their heads are largely those who have violated local law.
The protagonist of the trilogy is Gastel Etzwane, the son of a prostitute and an anonymous musician. The first two volumes chronicle his coming of age, his discovery of the identity of his father, his struggles to become a musician himself, the murder of his mother and sister by a race of alien barbarian invaders known as the Roguskhoi, and his struggle for revenge against them. This leads to Etzwane's discovering the identity of the Anome, who, strangely passive, refuses to mobilize the armies of Shant against the aliens. Etzwane is forced to assume the role of Anome himself and, through luck and improvisation, leads an eventually successful struggle against the invaders. In response to the social upheaval caused by the war, Etzwane lays down his office, and the torc system is abolished.
In the third and final volume, Etzwane learns - the hard way - that the invaders were the creation of an alien race known as the Asutra, who designed these caricatures of humanity in a first assay at biological warfare against the peoples of Durdane. Since the Roguskhoi are all males, they can only reproduce by sexual intercourse with human women, and they are insanely lustful. The resulting "imps" have no genetic relationship to the human mother, who is a host only. This process, by design, also renders the woman sterile.
The trilogy is set in the same broad Gaean Reach milieu of many of Vance's books. Like most of his work, it is full of color, ornately bizarre cultures and heroic adventure.
Publication history
The Durdane trilogy was originally published in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, in six parts, two per novel, between February 1971 and June 1973:
The trilogy was first published in book form in the U.S. by Dell, with the title of the first part changed to The Anome: The Anome (1973), The Brave Free Men (1973), The Asutra (1974). The first U.K. publication was by Coronet: The Anome (1975), The Brave Free Men (1975), The Asutra (1975). The Coronet edition is notable for its cover artwork, by Jim Burns: when placed side by side the three covers form one continuous painting. | d816bbf9-ced0-488e-93d5-c1fa8eaf8440 |
null | Chadron may refer to: | 1088bfef-71d7-4ab6-8b51-b8189aaef111 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pararchidendron_pruinosum"} | Species of legume
Pararchidendron pruinosum is an Australian rainforest tree growing from the Shoalhaven River (34° S) in New South Wales to Herberton (17° S) in north Queensland. It is also found in New Guinea and Indonesia. Common names include Snow-wood, Tulip Siris and Monkey's Earrings. The habitat of the Snow-wood is tropical, sub-tropical, warm temperate, littoral and riverine rainforest. Like most legume species, it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the soil via its symbiotic partnership with root bacteria - trading the bacteria starches in exchange for nitrogen. It can be seen growing on sand within earshot of Seven Mile Beach, New South Wales.
Description
Snow-wood is a small to medium-sized tree, reaching 15 metres in height and a 35 cm in trunk diameter. The reddish trunk and lacy pinnate leaves give a pleasing appearance.
The trunk of Pararchidendron pruinosum is cylindrical, and not buttressed at the base. The bark is dark reddish brown patterned with corky pustules.
Leaves
The leaves are alternate and bipinnate. The main leaf stalk has one to three pairs of secondary leaf stalks, opposite or nearly so on the main stalk. Five to eleven leaflets alternatively arranged on the secondary leaf stalks. Leaves entire, lanceolate, four to five cm long, 13 to 20 mm broad. The tip tapers to a point, the leaf base is oblique. Smooth and green both surfaces, slightly paler below. Leaf venation is obvious, with a raised midrib evident on both upper and lower sides.
Flowers and fruit
Flowers fluffy white or greenish, fragrant, though later turning yellow. Flowering period is from October to January.
The fruit pod matures from February to June. Resembling Acacia fruit pods. Very twisted, and flattened. Seeds are black, shiny and mostly flat, oval in shape. Scarification of the seeds is advised to assist germination, which is slow but fairly reliable. | 3e9175cc-6699-4411-81af-36ec0dadf38c |
null | Census-designated place in California, United States
Poso Park is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tulare County, California. Poso Park sits at an elevation of 4,662 feet (1,421 m). The 2010 United States census reported Poso Park's population was 9.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 0.04 square miles (0.11 km2), all of it land.
Demographics
At the 2010 census Poso Park had a population of 9. The population density was 206.6 inhabitants per square mile (79.8/km2). The racial makeup of Poso Park was 9 (100.0%) White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 people (0.0%).
The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.
There were 4 households, 0 (0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 2 (50.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 0 (0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2 (50.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 0 (0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 0 households (0%) were one person and 0 (0%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.25. There were 4 families (100% of households); the average family size was 2.00.
The age distribution was 0 people (0%) under the age of 18, 1 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 0 people (0%) aged 25 to 44, 4 people (44.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 4 people (44.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 57.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 350.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 350.0 males.
There were 47 housing units at an average density of 1,078.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 4 (100%) were owner-occupied and 0 (0%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 9 people (100% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 0 people (0%) lived in rental housing units. | 697b2cde-6ed5-4395-adf9-c7d3f45d19a9 |
null | Villa Alegre may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term | 124c5ed4-d8f6-46a8-8c50-47d3aa0a533f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendelin_Wei%C3%9Fheimer"} | Wendelin Weißheimer (26 February 1838 – 16 June 1910) was a German composer, conductor, essayist, teacher, and writer on music. He studied with Franz Liszt and was in close contact with Richard Wagner, Hans von Bülow, Peter Cornelius, Louise Otto-Peters, Ferdinand Lassalle, August Bebel and many other notable musicians of his time.
He served as composer and conductor of choirs in Mainz, Darmstadt, Baden-Baden, Würzburg, Munich, Leipzig, Berlin, Düsseldorf, Szczecin, Strasbourg and at Milan's La Scala.
Early life
Origin, family and childhood
The Weißheimer family resided in Westhofen in the 14th century. Wendelin's grandfather, Johann Weißheimer I, from Osthofen, inherited a stone mill from his mother's family at the end of the 18th century. Viticulture, agriculture, animal husbandry and mill grinding were already undertaken on the manor complex in the 19th century. The manor is still owned by the Weißheimer family. This complex was one of the most important in the former Grand Duchy of Hesse.
Wendelin Weißheimer was born at the Stone Mill Winery of Osthofen, the eighth and youngest child of Johann Weißheimer II and Ottilie, née Best der Welt. His parents were wealthy and his father, a highly respected and multi-talented man with a keen interest in history and politics, had already been mayor for several years and a member of the first Osthofen Hessian Ständekammer, which is why Wendelin met, at a young age, men of the March Revolution of 1848 at the Stone Mill. Despite his commitments as landowner and politician, Wendelin Weißheimer's father found time to deal with family and traditional, historical studies, the result of which was his multi-volume chronicle of the Osthofens recorded in handwritten diaries. He allowed Wendelin to study music, although this clearly contradicted his intentions of making Wendelin his estate's heir.
The path to music
Weißheimer's background differed from other composers in that he did not come from a musical family. His father had intended him to inherit the Stone Mill, and thus he was sent to a secondary school in Darmstadt when he was only 13 as an apprentice. There, through his piano teacher, a member of the theater orchestra, he had an opportunity to listen to a rehearsal for the performance of Tannhauser. He had heard earlier parts of the music during a visit to a military concert. Weißheimer wrote that these experiences influenced him greatly. In his book: Experiences with Richard Wagner, Franz Liszt and many other contemporaries, he wrote: "An unsuspected new world had risen for me, in fact." Soon thereafter, in Darmstadt, Wendelin Weißheimer listened to the Lohengrin opera, and in Frankfurt to the Flying Dutchman, putting him into a Wagnerian delirium. In his final year in school Wendelin was introduced to music theory by theater conductor Louis Schindelmeisser. This so captivated him that he soon began to compose.
Schindelmeisser was the first to recognize Wendelin's musical talent. He had to persuade Wendellin's father to allow him to pursue his musical intentions. To this end, Schindelmeisser went to the Stone Mill in Osthofen on 16 March 1856. The father's initial astonishment gave way to his approval. On his departure, Schindelmeisser gave young Weißheimer a picture dedicated to him as well as one of many original letters written by Richard Wagner.
Music studies
Wendelin Weißheimer attended the Leipzig Conservatory from May 1856. Both Leipzig and Weimar had a lively musical scene. While Leipzig was conservative and spurned the new music of Liszt and Wagner, the revolutionary youth in Weimar sought new forms of musical expression and embraced the so-called New German School and its genius, Franz Liszt. After completing his studies Wendelin took the post of second conductor at the city theatre in Mainz under Schindelmeisser. Before beginning, he traveled to Zurich to visit Richard Wagner, who was living there in exile. Wagner was working on his musical drama Tristan and Isolde and usually declined to see visitors. Wendelin was first rejected, but eventually spent one memorable afternoon with the master on 17 July 1858. Weißheimer writes of his encounter: "The pale expressive face of the then forty-five-year-old, accompanied me in town and everywhere else."
Musical career
Conducting in Mainz
Just 20 years old, Weißheimer took up his post as conductor in Mainz on 17 August 1858 and, among other things, visited publisher Franz Schott and his musical wife Betty. After a performance of Wagner's Faust overture, Weißheimer got to know his Rhine-Hessian compatriot, the poet-composer Peter Cornelius, who became a lifelong friend.
With Franz Liszt in Weimar
Weißheimer moved back to Weimar after the theatre season. He and Liszt were musically like-minded and so Weißheimer was accepted by Liszt as a student in composition. Lessons were held three to four times a week, for several hours at a time. Weißheimer soon became Liszt's favorite student. Here, in Altenburg, Weimar, home of Liszt's close friend Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein of Sayn-Wittgenstein, Weißheimer was introduced to a new musical world. While here he met his friend, Peter Cornelius, who had also come to Weimar in 1860, and was introduced to Felix Draeseke, Hans von Bronsart, Carl Tausig, the Bohemian Smetana, Franz Bendel, Gruère and Hans von Bülow among other notables.
In Weimar, one of Weißheimer's compositions was first performed by an orchestra. Liszt included Weißheimer's symphony on Schiller's Ritter Toggenburg on the program for the court concerts that he conducted on 13 March 1860. To allow Weißheimer to take part in this concert at the Grand Ducal Palace, which was only accessible to the court and nobility, Liszt had him wear a tail coat and a white tie and placed him in the middle of the string orchestra, where he had to pretend to play the violin. At the end of the concert, the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess expressed approval of the composer. The next day on his visit to Liszt, Weißheimer met daughter Cosima, who was married for two years to von Bülow and who would later become Wagner's second wife.
Weißheimer's stay in Weimar climaxed in 1861. He presented a musical meeting starting with Liszt's Faust Symphony under Bülow's baton. Weißheimer achieved complete success with the presentation of his Grave in Busento by the court orchestra and the academic choir of Jena students. Wagner made an unexpected appearance at this event, after eleven years of exile in Switzerland.
Friendship with Richard Wagner
In the autumn of 1861 Weißheimer returned to the Mainz theatre as music director. During this period he befriended Wagner. After the Weimar meeting, Wagner tried unsuccessfully to reach Paris in late November where Prince Metternich had provided him with a garden apartment at the Austrian Embassy. On 1 December, he arrived unexpectedly in Mainz to negotiate his stage festival play Die Meistersinger von Nuernberg with the Schott publishing house. He already had the text and the poetic process was to take place in Paris. During the days in Mainz, Wagner attended the opera performances conducted by Weißheimer and Weißheimer also participated in his meetings with Mrs. Betty Schott.
After successfully completing his Meistersinger poetry in less than two months in Paris, Wagner returned to Mainz on 31 January 1862. That same evening, in the Schotts' house, before a selected circle of listeners, Wagner presented the Meistersinger's poetry. Peter Cornelius and Weißheimer were present. Weißheimer writes about this memorable night that "Wagner carried away with the audience and caused them to rally tumultuously. At the end of the play the audience was aware that they stood at the cradle of a mighty work of art."
In order to be able to complete the composition without uninterruption, Wagner rented a small apartment in nearby Biebrich, just below the ducal castle on the Rhine. As a result, Weißheimer and Wagner were together almost every day. Weißheimer had become almost indispensable for Wagner, so, despite the 25-year difference in age, a warm friendship developed. Wagner's recurrent financial difficulties prompted Weißheimer to visit his father in order to request financial help for his friend. Johann complied. This was Wagner's first visit to the Stone Mill. He met Wendelin's parents, siblings, and last but not least, the "wine" on 1 June 1862. When he had to stay in bed a few weeks due to illness, Wagner paid a surprise visit to the Stone Mill to leave Wendelin the only copy of The Valkyrie for Wendelin's appreciation. In the garden pavilion by the lake shore, known as "Richard-Wagner-house," Wagner spent many hours boozing and proved to be a brilliant entertainer. That August, Wagner returned to the Stone Mill, this time accompanied by Hans and Cosima von Bülow.
Richard Wagner's patron
Weißheimer knew of Wagner's financial problems. Die Meistersingers was not finished on schedule and Schott held back the payments. Wagner's admirers denied him further assistance. To relieve Wagner's financial difficulties Weißheimer organized a concert at the Leipzig Gewandhaus on 1 November 1862. Despite the personal involvement of Wagner, von Bülow and other renowned artists and organizations with works by Wagner, Liszt and Weißheimer, the attendance at the concert was so low that not enough revenue was collected to cover the costs. This concert was the first time that Wagner had been allowed to perform in Germany after his exile.
Weißheimer writes: "Instead of Wagner filling up his pockets, I quickly had to call my father for help," and again and again latter provided financial support. Wagner no longer held events in Biebrich but moved to Vienna in November 1862. There he again tried to premiere "Tristan," but without success. Although Wagner had a lot of money from a concert tour in Russia in 1863, he was again in financial straits. Finally, he had to flee from Vienna to avoid being put in debtors' prison.
On 29 April 1864, Wendelin Weißheimer received a telegram from Stuttgart from Wagner, asking him for an immediate visit. Weißheimer went and Wagner reported his financial and psychological breakdown. Weißheimer thus decided to stay with Wagner. Since Wagner was in debt he was urged to disappear. They agreed on a secluded spot in Rauhe Alb, where Weißheimer would accompany him. There Weißheimer intended to finish the piano score of the first Meistersingers act as quickly as possible in order to persuade the publisher, Schott, to make additional payments. Their journey had been set for 3 May, as Wagner wanted to see a performance of Don Giovanni conducted by Karl Eckert. However, on 2 May, at the hotel Marquard, the Secretary of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, Council of State Franz Seraph von Pfistermeister, appeared with a mission to explore the residence of Richard Wagner and return with him to Munich. When crown Prince Ludwig II listened to Wagner's Lohengrin he said: "When I am crowned, I want to show the world how much I know of the genius of Wagner." He was seeking a way to maintain his self-given promise. As Wagner's most ardent admirer, he wanted to give him the opportunity to finish his Der Ring des Nibelungen. So, instead of the rough journey to the Alps, Wagner went on 3 May 1864 to Munich, and after the reception by the King, returned to Vienna to pay his debts before he moved into the Villa on Lake Starnberg provided to him by the King.
Ferdinand Lassalle
Wendelin Weißheimer's soon developed a friendship with Ferdinand Lassalle, the greatest demagogue of his time. After studying economics, history and philosophy, he dealt primarily with social issues and made it his life's work to create a "democratic party for social progress" which the monarchy respected as the uppermost representative of the people.
Weißheimer was attracted by Lassalle's writings. In July 1864 Weißheimer found out that Lassalle had arranged an excursion in the Palatinate with the countess Sophie von Hatzfeld. He invited both to Stone Mill. The news of Lassalle's arrival quickly spread in Osthofen. The villagers watched, with curiosity, as both guests walked from the railway station to the Stone Mill on 6 July. At the Stone Mill the reception was polite. Lassalle captivated the Weißheimer family for hours describing his plans and goals and he spoke with Johann Weißheimer on his studies about Franz von Sickingen. Lassalle made friends there and when they parted, he ordered a barrel of the "Riesling" which he had been served.
Wendelin Weißheimer spent several days in the Palatinate with Lassalle, the Countess von Hatzfeld and other friends. Wendelin was invited to accompany Lassalle on a trip to the east of Switzerland but, because of an urgent message received from his wife, who had fallen seriously ill in Leipzig, he had to decline the invitation. Lassalle traveled alone to Lake Lucerne in mid-July, while the Countess von Hatzfeld went to Wildbad for a cure. Lassalle met Helena von Dönniges, daughter of historian Wilhelm von Dönniges, known to him from Berlin. This occasion turned disastrous as Lassalle was challenged to a duel and was fatally shot. Lassalle's death was a severe blow that took Wendelin a long time to overcome, convinced that Lassalle's death could have been averted if he had stayed with him. Throughout his life Wendelin remained faithful to the Social Democratic Party, although this commitment brought disadvantages for his professional career.
Weißheimer as conductor and composer
Wendelin Weißheimer became music director in Augsburg. Despite his official duties and numerous other engagements he continued to compose. After scoring songs and ballads of the German Minnesang, as well as from Goethe and other poets, he dealt with his first opera Theodor Körner. Franz Liszt and Wagner spoke appreciatively of this work. Lassalle, who had particularly liked the libretto and was equally enthusiastic about the music, had offered to write Weißheimer a textbook on Florian Geyer, Thomas Munzer or the Bohemian Jan Žižka, but his death put an end to this idea. Wagner had written for Weißheimer a draft for the opera, Wieland the Blacksmith, but gave it back before scoring it.
For the premiere of Theodor Körner at the Berlin Court Opera, Liszt began with the former artistic director Count von Redern. However, Count von Redern recommended Liszt to run the premiere on a different stage because Prince Louis Ferdinand was to play a role which would affect the Prussian royal family too strongly. For the premiere to be accommodated elsewhere it would be important to gain Wagner's support, for whom Wendelin had fought for many years. But Wagner was too immersed in his own work to be of any help. Weißheimer's negotiations with Munich moved very slowly.
While a conductor at the Augsburg palace, Wendelin married Rosalie Scholle from Leipzig on 10 January 1865. They were married for 45 years but produced no children. Rosalie survived her husband, dying at the age of 79 on 25 September 1920 in Darmstadt. From Augsburg, Weißheimer went to the Kroll Opera in Berlin, then to the theater in Düsseldorf. From 1866 to 1868 he was in Würzburg. From here he tried once again a world premiere of his patriotic opera Theodor Körner. For this reason he looked up to Wagner in Munich. Wagner was living with Hans and Cosima von Bülow in a house on Arcisstraße, donated to him by the king and where Cosima was a housewife who took care of Wagner's correspondence. Wagner soon became interested in Mrs. Bülow. His relationship with Weißheimer began to wane, and Weißheimer drew closer to Peter Cornelius at the premiere of the latter's 1865 opera Der Cid.
The friendship between Weißheimer and Richard Wagner ended in June 1868. This was after Cosima, without reviewing the music, wrote on 6 July to Weißheimer that the text of his "Theodor Körner" could not be performed in court theaters because its seditious tendency might provoke trouble in peaceful times. Wendelin, like his father, was stubborn and didn't support her views. His disagreement with Cosima came between him and Wagner. The situation was compounded when Wendelin Weißheimer recognised their love affair. He sided with the betrayed von Bülow. At the premiere of Die Meistersinger in Munich on 21 June 1868, Weißheimer had his last encounter with Wagner.
Weißheimer's last years
From Würzburg Weißheimer came again to conduct in Mainz. During the subsequent activity in Zurich, friendship linked him and his wife to the Wesendonck family. From 1873 to 1878, he worked in Strasbourg where his opera Master Martin And His Companions premiered on 14 April 1879 in Karlsruhe. Now Weißheimer moved to Baden-Baden where he became in charge of the larger spa concerts. Together with Otto Dessoff he headed the concerts of the artists meeting with the performance of his Master Martin and his companions in May 1880. In the large central lodge, Weißheimer listened to the performance together with Liszt and French composer Camille Saint-Saëns outright, receiving from both acclaimed recognition for his accomplishment. In the following years Wendelin Weißheimer conducted for several years despite personal disappointment, with continuing veneration of Wagner's genius, at the famous Teatro La Scala in Milan. He had his residence on the idyllic Lake Como.
Around 1893, Weißheimer moved to Freiburg im Breisgau in order to focus on his literary career. His 1898 book, Experiences with Richard Wagner, Franz Liszt and many other contemporaries saw three editions in one single year. Around 1900 he moved to Nuremberg and from Freiburg and Nuremberg the way led him back again more often to his native homeland at the Stone Mill. In the casino society there he spent hours with old friends whom he pleased most joyfully with improvisations on works by Wagner and Liszt and on his own compositions. In his last years, Weißheimer led mass choirs at social-democratic Party Congresses. His target was the huge masses of the workers' movement. When Weißheimer died on 16 June 1910 in Nuremberg, his death caused great turmoil. 30.000 unionized socialists paid him their respects and read obituaries of him in the leading newspapers.
Works
Weißheimer left 106 works, including songs and choral cycles. Even though he tried compositionally to go his own way, he could not emerge from the shadow of his great teacher Liszt, and of Wagner.
His operas, his cantatas, and his instrumental music underline this. Even if his "absolute" music pays homage to one of the great string quartet and successful "obligatory violin parts" to Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, he displays in his other works a clear tendency for program music. Weißheimer's piano pieces Reminiscence of Gioventu and At Beethoven's Grave, as well as his Symphony for Schiller's Knight Toggenburg match the spirit of the New German School. His literary taste is evident in the texts he set to music. German minstrel poems, texts by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Körner, Heinrich Heine and others found a musical home in his songs and cantatas.
Weißheimer summarized his individual compositions into larger cycles. Thus arose the 24 songs in the cycle "German minstrel," the 18 settings of Goethe, as well as songs from Heine and Körner, appeared for the men's choir "Eight Songs," along with previously unpublished choral cycles. After his departure with Wagner, Weißheimer turned increasingly to the labor movement and exercised with his compositions for male chorus a particular influence on the cultural aspirations of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
Printed and frequently performed works
Operas
Symphonies
Songs and ballads
Other
Unpublished works
Operas
Cantatas
Choirs
Bibliography | 7b00dffa-7583-4296-8291-aa3c794a7a89 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Impostor_(1927_film)"} | 1927 film
The Impostor (German: Die Hochstaplerin) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Martin Berger and starring Ruth Weyher, Anton Pointner and Philipp Manning. It was shot at the Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Otto Erdmann and Hans Sohnle.
Cast
Bibliography | 6a4384f9-295b-4f0c-bcfa-9977e2c395dc |
null | Patricia Ann Cahill (now Kendrick-Jones) and Karyn Joanne Smith are an English pair of convicted drug smugglers, having been arrested, charged and found guilty of attempting to smuggle nearly 26 kilos of heroin out of Thailand in July of 1990.
Patricia Cahill (being a minor) could not be executed, which was the maximum sentence available under Thai law. At her trial in December 1990, she was found guilty and sentenced to 15 years in prison. Her case caused high-profile media coverage. Cahill was released from prison within three years after pressure from the British authorities.
Background
Patricia Cahill was born to Patrick Cahill and Frances Cahill and raised in West Heath, Birmingham to a working-class Catholic family of Irish immigrant origin. Cahill’s moral compass was at times throughout the investigation called into question; shortly after her arrest her father claimed to the BBC that Patricia was “dead against drugs, she was dead against abortions and things like that”, although Cahill had a previous criminal conviction of shoplifting in Birmingham at the time of her July 1990 arrest.
Karyn Smith was born to Eric Smith, a hospital technician and Marilyn Smith and raised in Solihull by her working-class family. Smith has been described by investigators as having been an “unusually naïve” girl. She had learning difficulties at school and had failed all her exams.
Arrest
Patrica Cahill (17yrs old) and her friend Karyn Smith (19yrs old) went to Thailand for a holiday, after a British man offered to pay their way. Her parents were not aware that she had left the country, and believed her to be in Scotland. At Bangkok International Airport their baggage was searched, and the drugs discovered. The quantity of heroin seized was at the time, the largest in any haul ever. Throughout their trial, they maintained that the drugs had been planted on them, and that they had no knowledge that they were carrying anything illicit. However, in a later interview from prison, Smith confessed that she knew she was carrying something but she had no idea what exactly it was. "It could have been gold or ammunition. I did not know anything about drugs at that time.".
Subsequent release
Despite accepting the verdict and sentence of the Thai courts, the government of Britain went to unusual measures to secure the release of Patricia Cahill, who, at the time of her offence was a minor.[clarification needed]
The British embassy in Bangkok submitted a petition for a pardon from the King of Thailand to the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The embassy supported the petition on the grounds of Miss Cahill's youth and immaturity[clarification needed] at the time the offence was committed.
Film
The movie Brokedown Palace is claimed to be loosely based on the exploits of Patricia Cahill and Karen Smith. | 1436aa82-b61e-45fb-bd1b-ff04ad4fae3c |
null | The ARIA Urban Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing Urban tracks singles of Australia. It is published by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation who collect music data for the weekly ARIA Charts. To be eligible to appear on the chart, the recording must be a single, and be "predominantly of a Urban nature".
Chart history
Number-one artists | 5cff122e-935b-4188-824d-0a655139ec2f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tithraustes_noctiluces"} | Species of moth
Tithraustes noctiluces is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in Panama, Costa Rica and El Salvador.
It is the smallest species in the genus Tithraustes with a forewing length of 10.5–13 mm for males.
Larvae have been reared on Heliconia latispatha and palms in four different genera: Asterogyne martiana, Calyptrogyne trichostachys, Chamaedorea tepejilote and Geonoma cuneata. | 58e117da-f213-4036-96ad-18d36b6e1add |
null | Opera in Algiers, Algeria
Algiers Opera House is an opera house in Ouled Fayet, Algiers, Algeria. It was built in 2016 by the Chinese government. The former opera house is the Algerian National Theater Mahieddine Bachtarzi. | 5c0e00b0-fb01-48a7-b53d-d2f92a320e71 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santos_Dumont_House_Museum"} | Biographical museum , Writer's home , Historic house museum in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Santos Dumont Museum House (Portuguese: Museu Casa de Santos Dumont), better known as The Enchanted (Portuguese: A Encantada), is a museum located in the municipality of Petrópolis, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The house is a picturesque residence built in 1918 on a steep hillside near the centre of the city. The street is Rua do Encanto, meaning "Enchanted Street", so the house was nicknamed A Encantada, "The Enchanted". It was constructed with the help of engineer Eduardo Pederneiras.
The house has some unusual innovations. Most notably, one of his inventions was the shower with hot water, the only one of Brazil at that time, being heated with alcohol,. The external staircase of the house can only be climbed starting with the right foot, while the internal staircase can only started with the left foot. The internal architecture of the house is unusual for the period in that no partitions are used between the rooms. The house also has no kitchen, Santos-Dumont having all his meals delivered from the restaurant of the Palace Hotel, which at that time was across the street. It is now the Catholic University of Petrópolis.
The house has three floors, plus an observatory on the roof.
Santos-Dumont's second book, O que eu vi, o que nós veremos, was written in the house in 1918.
After his death, the house was donated to the City Hall of Petrópolis by his nephews so that "an institution was installed that would maintain his memory."
On July 14, 1952, the house was registered by IPHAN and today is part of the National Historical and Artistic Heritage. | e619b97d-5462-48d0-9bb9-d42d86997c9b |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_and_St_Augustine,_Stamford"} | The Parish Church of St Mary and St Augustine in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, is home to a congregation of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham. St Augustine's (as it is generally known) was designed in a "robust High Victorian Early English" style by George Goldie, one of the foremost Catholic architects in England in the nineteenth century. It was built over 1862-64 and while much of its Victorian interior was stripped out in the middle decades of the twentieth century, it still retains some furnishings and fittings of distinction.
Foundation and exterior
The church (originally Our Lady & St Augustine, following continental Catholic practice and described as such by Nikolaus Pevsner) was built on the north side of Stamford's Broad Street on the site of the Dolphin public house. It replaced an earlier place of worship, a chapel in the Gothic style situated in All Saints Street, which functioned between 1834 and 1864 and which in the 1830s was one of only six Catholic chapels in Lincolnshire. Prior to this, during the anti-Catholic penal laws, Mass had been celebrated secretly in some of Stamford's numerous cellars, in particular, that of no. 24, High Street St Martin's. The first resident parish priest of this post-Reformation parish, between 1833 and 1838, was William Wareing, who in 1850 became the first Bishop of Northampton on the Restoration of the Catholic Hierarchy.
The dedication to St Augustine of Canterbury, perhaps reflected the pro-English predilections of the patrons of the new building – in particular Charles Ormston Eaton, a local banker and resident of Tolethorpe Hall and Charles Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough (both part of the wave of 19th-century converts to Catholicism that followed the Oxford Movement; most 19th-century Catholic communities, in contrast, had a distinctly Irish flavour).
The church comprises a nave, a two-bay 'north' aisle with round, Romanesque arches, a canted sanctuary, small south chapel with apse and north porch. It is accompanied by a presbytery (priest's house) and parish school (added in 1870 and also by Goldie) built around a small garden facing Broad Street. The Stamford Mercury anticipated the church would be "the prettiest modern Gothic erection in the town" and, subsequently, "…taking the size of the town into consideration, probably equal to any erected in England in modern times". It enthused that "the altar and reredos…are beautiful specimens of art-work…of Caen stone. The former is enriched with gold monograms of Our Lady & St Austin to whom the church is dedicated, encircled by the pretty ball-flower ornament, the panels being divided by shafts of serpentine marble supporting exquisitely wrought foliated capitals… The reredos terminates in a symbolically foliated finial extending to the lofty open roof. The panels, which are as rich as the finest sculpture of angels (in bas relief) can render them, are also divided by black marble shafts, the rich tabernacle, for the reception of the shrine projecting from the centre. The church is lighted with four corona or stars of 15 gas jets each, the effect of which upon the altar and reredos and the numerous accessories they contain is gorgeous and is consequently very imposing…" Pevsner reviewed the building without much enthusiasm however – albeit at a time when Victoriana was not highly thought of. He described the church's little campanile as "an unbelievable bell-turret, asymmetically placed and most crudely detailed" although it does provides a focus to the vista facing east from the middle of Broad Street and "is the external focus of the building".
On the church's gable end is carved a representation of the Medieval seal of the Borough of Stamford, displaying a burgess kneeling before an image of the Virgin Mary and Child Jesus, surrounded by the Latin motto: Stanford Burgenses Virgo Fundant Tibi Preces that is: "To Thee, O Virgin, the Burgesses of Stamford Pour Out Prayers." This seal had been unused in Stamford since the English Reformation although an example can be found in the collection of the British Museum.
The church's formal opening on 6 June 1865 was reported at length in the Mercury. Four bishops participated in the ceremony – Roskell of Nottingham, Amherst of Northampton, the retired William Wareing and Grant of Southwark, as well as the mitred abbot of Mount St Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire, attended by thirty further clergy. The bishops were "invested in rich copes and mitres… [and] formed a very imposing spectacle" and High Mass was "celebrated with considerable splendour". After the ceremony Charles Ormston Eaton presided over a celebratory lunch at the George Hotel where besides the clergy and the architect, Goldie, other guests included the Marchioness of Lothian, a Lady Fitzgerald and various local dignitaries, before the party returned to church at 3pm for Benediction and a sermon by an eminent Jesuit preacher from London.
The final cost of church and presbytery, as evidenced by Goldie's invoice, amounted to £2,296, 0s, 6d.
Internal furnishings
Inside, despite some attempts in the past to dispose of it, a large mid-nineteenth century statue of the Madonna and Child by Franz Mayer & Co. of Munich stands in the small Lady Chapel that Goldie had designed expressly for the purpose. This statue was a gift of the recusant Lamb family of Axwell Park, County Durham.
Other fittings include stained glass windows by William Wailes, an associate of Pugin who exhibited at The Great Exhibition, which were installed in St Joseph's chapel in 1873-4, to some acclaim. The organ, by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd, was donated in 1866 by Charles Ormston Eaton and remains in full working order, and the church's bell, a tenor G, was cast by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough and placed in the campanile in 1871. The Victorian stencilled and painted sanctuary ceiling was executed in 1874 with parts, notably the main beam, perhaps by Christopher Dresser.[citation needed]
Much of the church's most elaborate neo-Gothic furnishings were removed in a zealous, post-War refurbishment of 1951. The remainder, including the large stone altar with its porphyry columns, and the terracotta altar rails by Messrs Blashfield of Stamford, were swept away in another extensive re-development of 1982 (although a fragment of the latter remains within the Lady Chapel). The current sanctuary arrangement and freestanding altar of Collyweston stone date from the 1982 refurbishment. In the Lady Chapel are the remains of a First World War memorial unaccountably destroyed in 1951. Its only remaining panel commemorates a Captain Fenwick. Other fittings, including a solid gold late Georgian chalice and paten set, and an elaborate neo-Gothic silver gilt monstrance were disposed of around the turn of the 21st century.
Of post-War additions, the building's extensive, high-quality linenfold panelling, produced by Bowmans of Stamford, was completed in 1945. The hand-carved wooden stations of the cross were donated at the end of the Second World War by American servicemen stationed locally to commemorate their residence in the area, and as a memorial to those who had died in the two World Wars, and St Joseph's Chapel, in particular the ceiling, was re-designed by Lawrence Bond, architect of Grantham, and conservator of Lincoln Cathedral.
St Augustine's suffered considerable depredations in the second half of the twentieth century entirely at the hands of its custodians, although considerable efforts have been made in recent years to restore some of the building's Victorian features. Since Goldie's other works included Cardinal Manning's Our Lady of Victories, Kensington and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo, and could be found elsewhere across England, Scotland and Ireland, and even as far afield as Durban, South Africa, St Augustine's remains one of the few Victorian buildings in Stamford designed by an architect of more than merely local reputation. | 42030c73-b6ff-4067-ad99-0fa98d73c764 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bardfield_Artists"} | Mid-20th-century artist community, based in the English village of Great Bardfield
The Great Bardfield Artists were a community of artists who lived in Great Bardfield, a village in north west Essex, England, during the middle years of the 20th century.
The principal artists who lived there between 1930 and 1970 were John Aldridge RA, Edward Bawden, George Chapman, Stanley Clifford-Smith, Audrey Cruddas, Walter Hoyle, Eric Ravilious, Sheila Robinson, Michael Rothenstein, Kenneth Rowntree and Marianne Straub. Other artists associated with the group include Duffy Ayers, John Bolam, Bernard Cheese, Tirzah Garwood, Joan Glass, David Low and Laurence Scarfe. Great Bardfield Artists were diverse in style but shared a love for figurative art, making the group distinct from the better known St Ives School of artists in St Ives, Cornwall, who, after the war, were chiefly dominated by abstractionists.
During the 1950s the Great Bardfield Artists organised a series of large 'open house' exhibitions which attracted national and international press attention. Positive reviews and the novelty of viewing modernist art works in the artists' own homes led to thousands visiting the remote village during the summer exhibitions of 1954, 1955 and 1958. As well as these large shows the Great Bardfield Artists held exhibitions of their work in Cambridge (1956) and Bristol (1959). The artists also organised a multi-city tour of England and Ireland during 1957 and 1958. The early 1960s saw the majority of the Great Bardfield artists leave the village.
Legacy
In 1985, the Fry Art Gallery was established in Saffron Walden with the expressed aim of highlighting the paintings, prints, wallpapers, books, fabrics and ceramics made by the Great Bardfield art community between 1930 and 1970. Many of the artists have had exhibitions at the Fry Art Gallery and elsewhere. | 5be9a7eb-50c0-4908-818f-a950eac0e22a |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle_Rock_Estates,_New_York"} | Hamlet and census-designated place in New York, United States
Saddle Rock Estates is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located on the Great Neck Peninsula within the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 466 at the 2010 census.
History
The name of Saddle Rock Estates reflects the fact that it is located adjacent to the Incorporated Village of Saddle Rock. However, Saddle Rock Estates has never been a part of that village, and the hamlet merely took its name from its incorporated neighbor.
In 1941, residents were successful in gaining permission to have the Great Neck Water Pollution Control District expand into their hamlet as part of an extension project. At the time, the then-proposed expansion project was estimated to cost $140,000 (1941 USD).
In the Summer of 1946, the County of Nassau began work on closing the Old Mill Pond Brook and placed it into a boxed-in culvert. Residents had requested for Nassau to place the brook into a culvert since 1943, and cited that the brook often caused road washouts and basement floods.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 424 people, 134 households, and 123 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,461.6 per square mile (2,046.3/km2). There were 139 housing units at an average density of 1,790.5/sq mi (670.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.34% White, 1.65% African American, 1.89% Asian, and 2.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.
There were 134 households, out of which 50.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 82.8% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 7.5% were non-families. 5.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.16 and the average family size was 3.26.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30.9% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 30.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $157,231, and the median income for a family was $160,746. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $51,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $61,249. None of the population or families were below the poverty line.
Government
Town representation
As Saddle Rock Estates is an unincorporated hamlet, it has no government of its own, and is instead governed directly by the Town of North Hempstead in Manhasset.
Saddle Rock Estates is located in the Town of North Hempstead's 5th district, which as of September 2021 is represented on the Town Board by Lee R. Seeman (D–Great Neck).
Representation in higher government
Nassau County representation
Saddle Rock Estates is located in Nassau County's 10th Legislative district, which as of January 2023 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by Mazi Melesa Pilip (R–Great Neck).
New York State representation
New York State Assembly
Saddle Rock Estates is located in the New York State Assembly's 16th Assembly district, which as of September 2021 is represented by Gina Sillitti (D–Manorhaven).
New York State Senate
Saddle Rock Estates is located in the New York State Senate's 7th State Senate district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the New York State Senate by Anna Kaplan (D–North Hills).
Federal representation
United States Congress
Saddle Rock Estates is located in New York's 3rd congressional district, which as of September 2021 is represented in the United States Congress by Tom Suozzi (D–Glen Cove).
United States Senate
Like the rest of New York, Saddle Rock Estates is represented in the United States Senate by Charles Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).
Politics
In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, the majority of Saddle Rock Estates voters voted for Hillary Clinton (D).
Education
School district
Saddle Rock Estates is located entirely within the boundaries of the Great Neck Union Free School District. As such, all children who reside within Saddle Rock Estates and attend public schools go to Great Neck's schools.
Library district
Saddle Rock Estates is located within the boundaries of the Great Neck Library District. | 75113215-2cc6-40cc-a2ef-206428602c0c |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreis_Bergen"} | Kreis Bergen (district of Bergen) was a Kreis on the island of Rügen in the district of Bezirk Rostock in East Germany from 1952 to 1955.
History
After the end of the Second World War the shire county of Rügen (Landkreis Rügen), which covered the island of Rügen, came under the Soviet Zone of Occupation and was incorporated into the state of Mecklenburg. On 25 July 1952 there was a comprehensive land reform in East Germany, in which the states lost their importance and new provinces called Bezirke were formed. Out of the territory of the old county of Rügen the town new counties of Bergen and Putbus were formed.
Because the division of the island of Rügen into two counties soon proved pointless, the counties of Bergen and Putbus were reunited on 1 January 1956 into the county of Rügen.
Transport
Kreis Bergen was joined to East Germany's network of trunk roads by the F96 from Saßnitz via Rambin to Berlin. A railway link to the mainland existed in the shape of the line from Saßnitz via Rambin to Stralsund. Rail services in the county were also served by the branch lines of Bergen & Lauterbach Mole, Lietzow & Binz and Bergen & Altenkirchen.
Municipalities
Kreis Bergen covered the northern part of the island of Rügen including the islands of Hiddensee and Ummanz off its coast and the peninsulas of Bug, Jasmund, Schaabe and Wittow. Within the county were the town of Bergen itself and the municipalities of Altenkirchen, Boldevitz, Breege, Buschvitz, Dranske, Dubnitz, Gingst, Glowe, Groß Kubitz, Hiddensee, Karow, Kluis, Lieschow, Lietzow, Lohme, Lubkow, Neuenkirchen, Parchtitz, Patzig, Putgarten, Ralswiek, Rappin, Sagard, Saßnitz, Schaprode, Thesenvitz, Trent, Ummanz, Wiek and Zühlitz. | d428a9ac-4d32-4806-92c8-bbd793fcedf2 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Podborski"} | Canadian alpine skier
Stephen Gregory "Steve" Podborski, OC (born July 25, 1957) is a Canadian former World Cup and Olympic downhill ski racer.
Racing career
Born in Toronto, Ontario, Podborski started skiing at the age of two and a half at Craigleith Ski Club in Craigleith, Ontario. He joined the Canadian alpine ski team in 1973 and made his World Cup debut in 1974 at age 17, scoring two top ten finishes in his first World Cup season. He was due to make his Olympic debut at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, however he ruptured two knee ligaments in an accident just before the Games. He was a member of the Crazy Canucks, and won the bronze medal in the downhill at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid.
In 1982, Podborski became the first North American to win the World Cup season title in downhill ski racing. In total, he won eight World Cup downhill races, including the notorious Hahnenkamm in Kitzbühel, Austria, which he won twice (1981–82). In 34 more races, he finished in the top 10. He retired following the 1984 season at age 26. Podborski was on the podium in World Cup races 20 times in approximately 100 races with 8 victories.
Erik Guay is the only other male Canadian ski racer to win a World Cup season title (Super-G, 2011) (Nancy Greene won two overall World Cup crystal globes as well as two discipline titles in giant slalom) with 5 World Cup career wins, 1 in Downhill. Ken Read came close to winning the World Cup Downhill title (downhill, 1980) finishing second.
Podborski's racing career and successes led to many accolades, including being honoured with the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002 and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012.
World championship results
From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing.
Olympic results
National and Provincial honours
In 1982, Podborski was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
Podborski was inducted to the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 1985, Canadian Ski Hall of Fame in 1986 and Canadian Sport Hall of Fame in 1987.
In 2006, Podborski was inducted into the Ontario Sport Hall of Fame and his former team the Crazy Canucks were honoured on Canada's Walk of Fame.
After racing
Podborski participated in Prince Edward's charity television special The Grand Knockout Tournament in 1987.
He was on the bid committee for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, responsible for international relations; he also worked as a sports newscaster in Salt Lake City. He worked as a commentator for American television for three Winter Olympics (2002–2010). He covered freestyle skiing for NBC in 2006 and 2002, and snowboarding for Olympics on CBS in 1998. Podborski also covered the Olympic Games in Athens for NBC doing play by Play with Paul Sherwen for Cycling as well as play by play for Tae Kwon Do.
Podborski's endeavours also include senior leadership roles in the corporate and non-profit sectors. In 2003, Podborski joined the Telus telecommunications firm, leading to a position of National Director, Community Sports and remained with the organisation until June 2017.
Podborski was named the Chef de Mission for the Canadian Olympic Team for the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014.
In June 2017, Podborski became President and CEO of Parachute, a Canadian charitable organisation which focuses on injury prevention. Podborski describes his move into the injury prevention field as a natural extension of his athletic training: "I was the guy who wanted to win, and you can’t win when you fall and get hurt. I was an early, dedicated fan of preventing injury." Podborski retired as CEO in May 2019 but continues to serve on Parachute's Board of Directors. | 636c7f58-5cc3-40e2-9468-02254a6bec90 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%A1ko_Marinko"} | Serbian wrestler (1939–2020)
Boško Marinko (Serbian Cyrillic: Бошко Маринко; Koljane, 11 August 1939 – Subotica, 18 July 2020) was a Serbian wrestler who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1972 Summer Olympics. | 999b663e-63bf-47ce-bb53-a6bc799efec5 |
null | John Felton (fl. 1430) was an English academic and churchman.
Felton was fellow of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford, and professor of theology, and 'vicarius Magdalensis Oxonii extra muros.’ His zeal as a preacher gained him the name of ‘homiliarius’ or ‘concionator;’ for though, as Leland tells us, he was ‘an eager student of philosophy and theology,’ yet ‘the mark towards which he earnestly pressed with eye and mind was none other than that by his continual exhortations he might lead the dwellers on the Isis from the filth of their vices to the purity of virtue.’ He published several volumes of sermons, compiled from various sources, which are prefaced by the statement that the ‘penuria studentium’ had moved him to make this compilation ‘de micis quas collegi quæ cadebant de mensis dominorum meorum, Januensis, Parisiensis, Lugdunensis, Odonis, et cæterorum.’
He left behind him: 1. ‘Alphabetum theologicum ex opusculis Rob. Grost. collectum.’ 2. ‘Sermones Dominicales’ (fifty-eight in number; there are three copies among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, one of which contains a note stating that the sermons were finished in 1431). 3. Two other volumes of ‘Sermones.’ 4. ‘Lecturæ sacræ Scripturæ.’ 5. ‘Pera Peregrini.’ A note on the margin of one of his works declares that in 1420 he made a present of books to Balliol College. | 5b538002-d996-4f05-b952-e7cd922f138d |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choristoceratoidea"} | Extinct superfamily of ammonites
Choristoceratoidea, formerly Choristocerataceae, is a superfamily of Late Triassic ceratitidan ammonites. They can be characterized by their simple, four-lobed suture lines and unusual heteromorph shell shapes, which can resemble straight rods or twisting cones rather than the flat coils typical of other ammonites. The shells are usually small (less than 3 cm long) and ornamented with prominent ribbing. | 2a7fb3b8-16c8-4d1f-b01f-567dbc992acb |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%82uszyn"} | Place in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Kałuszyn [kaˈwuʂɨn] is a town in Poland, seat of the Gmina Kałuszyn (commune) in Mińsk County in Masovian Voivodeship.
History
In the Middle Ages, a filial church of the Catholic parish in Grębków was built. In 1472, it was upgraded to a parish church. In the 17th century, a Jewish community was established. In 1718, Kałuszyn was granted town rights by King Augustus II the Strong thanks to efforts of local nobleman Opacki. Kałuszyn was a private town, owned by several noble families, including the houses of Opacki, Rudziński, Rożniecki and Zamoyski. Administratively it was located in the Liw County in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province.
The town was annexed by Austria in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. Following the Austro–Polish War of 1809, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. Following the duchy's dissolution in 1815, the town fell to the Russian Partition of Poland. Russian anti-Jewish repressions and laws resulted in an influx of Jews (see Pale of Settlement), and in the 19th century, the population was predominantly Jewish. In 1827, the town had a population of 1,826, incl. 1,455 Jews (80% of the total population). It was the site of three battles between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the Polish November Uprising of 1830–1831. During the January Uprising, on 5 August 1863, a skirmish between Polish insurgents and Russian soldiers took place there. Russian soldiers surrounded a Polish insurgent unit, but after a short battle the Poles managed to break through the encirclement and escape towards Podlachia. Following World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the town.
The Jewish community numbered 6,419 (76% of the total population) in 1897; 5,033 (82%) in 1921; 7,256 (82%) in 1931; and approximately 6,500 on the eve of the Holocaust. Economic branches included the manufacture of pottery, flour mills, prayer shawl weaving and the fur trade.
At the beginning of World War II, on 11–12 September 1939, it was the site of the Battle of Kałuszyn between Poles and invading German troops. Poles won the battle, however the town soon fell under German occupation. Under Nazi German occupation, Jews were terrorized, robbed, and often kidnapped for forced labour. In 1940, a ghetto was established in Kałuszyn, and Jewish property was confiscated. Hundreds of Jews from surrounding communities were brought to the Kaluszyn ghetto, most with no possessions, money, or employment. Dozens, or perhaps hundreds, of Jews died in the ghetto of starvation and disease. In late summer 1942, many young Jews fled to the forests after hearing of the murders of the Jews of Warsaw and Mińsk Mazowiecki. In September 1942, assisted by the Polish police, and possibly other auxiliaries, the Germans assembled the Jews at the market square. One Polish manager, Sheradzinsky, (the Berman plant) managed to free 30 of his employees from the assembly. Hundreds were murdered there and at the Jewish cemetery. The remaining Jews were taken by train to Treblinka where they were immediately murdered. A few managed to escape from the train.
Sports
The local football club is Victoria Kałuszyn. It competes in the lower leagues. | 58507faa-1573-4d2d-b367-ea2fbbc327d0 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebu_City"} | Capital of Cebu, Philippines and Central Visayas, Philippines
Highly urbanized city in Central Visayas, Philippines
Cebu City, officially the City of Cebu (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Sugbo; Filipino: Lungsod ng Cebu), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas region of the Philippines. It is the capital of the Cebu Province, where it is geographically located but is one of three cities (together with Lapu-Lapu City and Mandaue City) that are administratively independent of the provincial government. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 964,169 people, making it the sixth-most populated city in the nation and the most populous in the Visayas.
It also serves as the regional center of Central Visayas and its metropolitan area exerts influence on commerce, trade, industry, education, culture, tourism, and healthcare beyond the region, over the entire Visayas and partly over Mindanao. It is the Philippines' main domestic shipping port and is home to about 80% of the country's domestic shipping companies.
Cebu City is bounded on the north by the town of Balamban and the city of Danao, on the west by the city of Toledo, on the east by the cities of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue and the towns of Liloan, Consolacion and Compostela and to the south by the city of Talisay. Located at the center of the eastern seaboard of Cebu Island, it is the core city of Metro Cebu, the second largest metropolitan area in the Philippines, which includes the cities of Carcar, Danao, Lapu-Lapu, Mandaue, Naga and Talisay and the municipalities (towns) of Compostela, Consolacion, Cordova, Liloan, Minglanilla and San Fernando. Metro Cebu had a total population of 3,165,799 as of the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area of the nation, after Metro Manila in Luzon and Metro Davao in Mindanao.
The current political boundaries of the city are an incorporation of the former municipalities of Cebu, San Nicolas, El Pardo, Mabolo, Talamban and Banilad in the Commonwealth period.
In the Precolonial period, the area of what is today Cebu was occupied by the Rajahnate of Cebu which was known to the Ming dynasty as the nation of Sokbu (束務). The capital of which was Singhapala (சிங்கப்பூர்) which is Tamil-Sanskrit for "Lion City", the same rootwords with the modern city-state of Singapore.
The city has experienced rapid economic growth since the 1990s, a phenomenon also known as "Ceboom". Owing to its economic importance and influence in modern times, Cebu City is also popularly referred to as the Queen City of the South.
Etymology
The name "Cebu" came from the old Cebuano word sibu or sibo ("trade"), a shortened form of sinibuayng hingpit ("the place for trading"). It was originally applied to the harbors of the town of Sugbu, the ancient name for Cebu City. Sugbu or Sugbo, in turn, was derived from the Old Cebuano term for "scorched earth" or "great fire".
History
Founding
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, Cebu City was part of the island-rajahnate and trade center of Pulua Kang Dayang or Kangdaya (literally "[the islands] which belong to Baya"), now better known as the Rajahnate of Cebu. It was founded by a prince of the Hindu Chola dynasty of Sumatra, the half-Malay and half-Tamil, Sri Lumay. The name Sugbo (shortened form of Kang Sri Lumaying Sugbo, literally "that of Sri Lumay's great fire") refers to Sri Lumay's scorched earth tactics against Muslim Pirates or Moro raiders (Magalos). The capital of the Cebu Rajahnate was called Singhapala on what is now modern day northern Cebu City.
Spanish period
On April 7, 1521, Portuguese explorer at the service of the Spanish Crown and leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate the world, Ferdinand Magellan, landed in Cebu. He was welcomed by Rajah Humabon (also known as Sri Humabon or Rajah Humabara), the grandson of Sri Lumay, together with his wife and about 700 native islanders. Magellan, however, was killed in the Battle of Mactan, and the remaining members of his expedition left Cebu soon after several of them were poisoned by Humabon, who was fearful of foreign occupation. The last ruler of Sugbo, prior to Spanish colonization, was Rajah Humabon's nephew, Rajah Tupas (d. 1565).
On February 13, 1565, Spanish and Novohispanic (Mexican) conquistadors led by Miguel López de Legazpi together with Augustinian friars whose prior was Andrés de Urdaneta, left New Spain (modern Mexico) and arrived in Samar, taking possession of the island thereafter. They Christianized some natives and Spanish remnants in Cebu. Afterwards, the expedition visited Leyte, Cabalian, Mazaua, Camiguin and Bohol where the famous Sandugo or blood compact was performed between López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna, the chieftain of Bohol on March 16, 1565. The Spanish arrived in Cebu on April 15, 1565. They then attempted to parley with the local ruler, Rajah Tupas, but found that he and the local population had abandoned the town. Rajah Tupas presented himself at their camp on May 8, feast of the Apparition of Saint Michael the Archangel, when the island was taken possession of on behalf of the Spanish King. The Treaty of Cebu was formalized on July 3, 1565. López de Legazpi's party named the new city "Villa de San Miguel de Cebú" (later renamed "Ciudad del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús)." In 1567 the Cebu garrison was reinforced with the arrival of 2,100 soldiers from New Spain (Mexico). The growing colony was then fortified by Fort San Pedro.
By 1569, the Spanish settlement in Cebu had become important as a safe port for ships from Mexico and as a jumping-off point for further exploration of the archipelago. Small expeditions led by Juan de Salcedo went to Mindoro and Luzon, where he and Martín de Goiti played a leading role in the subjugation of the Kingdoms of Tundun and Seludong in 1570. One year later, López de Legazpi departed Cebu to discuss a peace pact with the defeated Rajahs. An agreement between the conquistadors and the Rajahs to form a city council paved the way for the establishment of a new settlement and the construction of the Christian walled city of Intramuros on the razed remains of Islamic Manila, then a vassal-state of the Sultanate of Brunei.
In 1571, the Spanish carried over infantry from Mexico, to raise an army of Christian Visayan warriors from Cebu and Iloilo as well as mercenaries from the Tagalog region, and assaulted the Sultanate of Brunei in what is known as the Castilian War. The war also started the Spanish–Moro Wars waged between the Christian Visayans and Muslim Mindanao, wherein Moros burned towns and conducted slave raids in the Visayas islands and selling the slaves to the Sultanates of the Malay Archipelago and the Visayans fought back by establishing Christian fort-cities in Mindanao, cities such as Zamboanga City.
On August 14, 1595, Pope Clement VIII created the diocese of Cebu as a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Manila.
On April 3, 1898, local revolutionaries led by the Negrense Leon Kilat rose up against the Spanish colonial authorities and took control of the urban center after three days of fighting. The uprising was only ended by the treacherous murder of Leon Kilat and the arrival of soldiers from Iloilo and Manila. On December 26, 1898, the Spanish Governor, General Montero, evacuated his troops to Zamboanga, turning over government property to Pablo Mejia. The next day, a provincial government was formed under Luis Flores as president, General Juan Climaco as military chief of staff, and Julio Llorente as mayor.
American occupation and World War II
The signing of the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish–American War provided for the cession of Cebu along with the rest of the Philippine Islands to the United States until the formation of the Commonwealth Era (1935–46). On February 21, 1899, the USS Petrel (PG-2) deployed a landing party of 40 marines on the shores of Cebu. Cebu's transfer to the American government was signed by Luis Flores although others, most notably General Arcadio Maxilom and Juan Climaco, offered resistance until 1901. Governor W. H. Taft visited Cebu on April 17, 1901, and appointed Julio Llorento as the first provincial governor. Juan Climaco was elected to that office in January 1904.
Cityhood
With its city status granted by the King of Spain in 1594 invalidated by the change of colonial administration, in 1934 the neighboring municipalities of El Pardo, Mabolo, Talamban, Banilad, and San Nicolas were dissolved and merged to become the chartered City of Cebu on February 24, 1937. These former towns were broken up into several barangays, including their town centers which assumed their names (in contrast, Manila and Iloilo preserved their incorporated towns as geo-political districts). Many other Philippine cities such as Dansalan (now Marawi), Iloilo City, and Bacolod were also incorporated at the same time (see Cities of the Philippines).
Japanese occupation
Along with the rest of the country, Cebu came under Japanese occupation during World War II. The Japanese encountered opposition from guerrillas and irregular forces led by Col. James Cushing and the Cebu Area Command. It was finally liberated with the Battle for Cebu City in March and April 1945. The military general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 8th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary, active from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, was stationed in Cebu City during World War II.
Post-war years
The war virtually razed Cebu City to the ground. Reconstruction, however, had been rapid. The city's central business district, which had been confined largely around the port and the coast in the pre-war years, had expanded inland. Colon Street, the oldest national road in the Philippines, which was once a residential area in the pre-war years, became the center of a dense and compact area in downtown Cebu City, becoming home to many shopping and business activities, which included the city's most fashionable shops, restaurants, and movie houses. In 1962, construction of the Cebu City North Reclamation Area commenced, and finished in 1969, which expanded the port of Cebu and provided the city with more developable land close to the city center. During this time, Cebu had also become a prominent educational center for the Visayas and Mindanao regions and new schools were established in Cebu's uptown areas, such as the Talamban campus of the University of San Carlos.
During the Marcos dictatorship
Cebu became a key center of resistance against the Marcos dictatorship, first becoming apparent when the hastily put-together lineup of Pusyon Bisaya defeated the entire slate of Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) in Region VII.
Among the Cebuanos immediately arrested by the Marcos dictatorship when Martial law was announced on September 23, 1972, were columnist and future National Artist Resil Mojares and human rights lawyer and Carcar Vice Mayor Democrito Barcenas, who were both detained at Camp Sergio Osmeña.
One of the Marcos Martial Law desaparecidos from Cebu was Redemptorist priest Fr. Rudy Romano, a prominent Marcos critic and executive secretary of Cebu's Coalition against People's Persecution, who was accosted by armed men in Tisa, Labangon, Cebu City, on June 11, 1985, and never seen again. Levi Ybañez, Romano's colleague in the Coalition against People's Persecution, was abducted on the same day as Fr. Romano, and was also never heard from again.
Later, Cebu would play a key role in the days leading up to the 1986 People Power revolution and the ouster of Marcos. It was from Fuente Osmeña circle in Cebu City that the opposition forces relaunched a civil disobedience campaign against the Marcos regime and its cronies on February 22, 1986. After that, the Carmelite Monastery in Barangay Mabolo, Cebu City, served as a refuge for opposition candidates Aquino and Laurel during the first day of the People Power revolution, because it was not yet safe to go back to Manila.
Economic boom and contemporary history
In 1990, Typhoon Ruping (international name Mike) hit Visayas and Cebu in particular, causing considerable damage to the infrastructure of the city and province. The typhoon cut off many of the city's communication lines, and was virtually cut from the outside, causing delays for aid from the national government in Manila. This forced local authorities to rethink governmental priorities, and enforced some radical measures, such as food, water, and fuel rations. However, the city quickly recovered, and by the end of the decade, it was experiencing rapid economic growth, dubbed Ceboom. The economic growth of the city also spread economic growth to its neighboring cities and municipalities, which spreads from Danao from the north all the way to Carcar to the south.
Within the city, economic growth was observed in other areas as well, and much of the business activity shifted from the old and derelict downtown area to the more modern and more diverse business districts located in other areas of the city, including areas around Fuente Osmeña (colloquially known as "Uptown Cebu"), the Cebu Business Park, and the Cebu IT Park, among other areas. The opening of the aforementioned Ayala Mall and SM City Cebu had also shifted significant retail activities away from Colon, though it remained to serve as an important transit point for public utility jeepneys (PUJ) covering arterial routes within the city.
In 2002, the South Road Properties (SRP) was completed, initially with the intention of being a hub for light industries but gradually shifted to be a hub for mixed-use developments. The Cebu South Coastal Road, which traverses through SRP, has helped alleviate the city's traffic by serving as an alternative to the Natalio Bacalso Avenue. SM Seaside City Cebu opened in 2015, and was one of the largest shopping malls in the Philippines upon opening. The opening of the Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway in 2022, which links the city to Cordova in Mactan, is poised to unlock the SRP's potential as the city's next economic hub. Other infrastructure projects, such as the Metro Cebu Expressway and the Cebu Bus Rapid Transit System, are also in place to help facilitate the city's future growth.
Geography
Panorama of Cebu City North district
Panorama of Cebu City South district
Cebu City has a land area of 315 square kilometres (122 sq mi). To the northeast of the city is Mandaue City and the town of Consolacion; to the west is Toledo City and the towns of Balamban and Asturias; to the south is Talisay City and the town of Minglanilla.
Across Mactan Strait to the east is Mactan island where Lapu-Lapu is located. Further east across the Cebu Strait is the island of Bohol.
Barangays
The city comprises 80 barangays. These are grouped into two congressional districts, with 46 barangays in the northern district and 34 in the southern district.
As of the 2020 census, 58 barangays are classified as urban barangays where 888,481 (92.15%) of Cebu City's population lives, while the remaining 22 rural barangays are home to 75,668 residents, representing 7.85% of the total population.
The most populous barangays in the city, as of the 2020 census, are Guadalupe (70,039), Tisa (47,364), and Lahug (45,853), while Kalubihan is the least populous barangay with only 663 residents
Climate
Cebu City has a tropical monsoon climate under the Köppen climate classification. The city has a lengthy wet season and a short dry season, with only the months of March and April falling into the latter season. Average temperatures show little variance during the year with average daily temps ranging from 27 °C (81 °F) to 29 °C (84 °F). The city on averages experiences roughly 1,700 millimetres (67 in) of precipitation annually.
Demographics
The population reached 799,762 people in 2007, and at the 2010 census, the city's population had grown to 866,171 in over 161,151 households.
The most recent census data on ethnicity (based on the 2010 census) shows that the vast majority of the city's population speaks Cebuano.
Religion
The city is considered the birthplace of Christianity in the Far East. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu is currently the largest archdiocese in the Philippines and in Asia.
Christianity in the form of Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion in Cebu for about 80% of the population. The remainders are divided with various Protestant faiths (Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians), Non-denominational, the Philippine Independent Church, Iglesia Ni Cristo, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist and other Christian groups. Other religions include Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism.
Within the city is the Cebu Taoist Temple, a Taoist temple located in the Beverly Hills subdivision of Lahug.
Economy
Poverty Incidence of Cebu City
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Ceboom, a portmanteau of "Cebu" and "boom", has been used to refer to the rapid economic development of both Cebu City and Cebu Province from the early 1990s to the early 2000s.
With Cebu City's proximity to many islands, beaches, hotel and resorts, diving locations, and heritage sites, high domestic and foreign tourist arrivals have fueled the city's tourism industry. Due to its geographic location in the middle of the country, accessibility by air, land and sea transportation, Cebu City has become the tourist gateway to central and southern Philippines. Its port, Port of Cebu, is the country's second largest seaport.
Cebu IT Park
Cebu South Road Properties
Skyline of Cebu City Pier 1
Colon Street, known as the oldest street in the Philippines
The city is a major hub for the business process outsourcing industry of the Philippines. In 2013, Cebu ranked 8th worldwide in the "Top 100 BPO Destinations Report" by global advisory firm Tholons. In 2012, the growth in IT-BPO revenues in Cebu grew 26.9 percent at $484 million, while nationally, the industry grew 18.2 percent at $13 billion.
Aboitiz Equity Ventures, formerly known as Cebu Pan Asian Holdings, is the first holding company from Cebu City publicly listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange. Ayala Corporation, through its subsidiary Cebu Holdings, Inc. and Cebu Property, both publicly in the PSE Index, developed the Cebu Park District where the mixed-used development zones of the Cebu Business Park and Cebu IT Park are located. Both master planned areas are host to regional headquarters for various companies in the banking, finance, IT and tourism sectors among others.
Shipbuilding companies in Cebu have manufactured bulk carriers of up to 70,000 metric tons deadweight (DWT) and double-hulled fast craft as well. This industry made the Philippines the 4th largest shipbuilding country in the world.
With a revenue growth rate of 18.8 percent in 2012, the real estate industry is the fastest growing sector in Cebu. With the strong economic indicators and high investors' confidence level, more condominium projects and hypermarkets are being developed in the locality.
The South Road Properties (SRP) is a 300-hectare (740-acre) prime property development project on a reclaimed land located a few metres off the coast of Cebu's central business district. It is a mixed-use development that will feature entertainment, leisure, residential and business-processing industries. It is registered with the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) and is funded by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation(JBIC). Traversing the property is a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi), four-lane highway known as the Cebu Coastal Road that provides the motorists with a good view of Cebu's south coast and the nearby island of Bohol.
Cebu City, and Metro Cebu as a whole, is one of the Philippines' major shopping destinations. The Gaisano family, which operates Gaisano Capital, Gaisano Grand Malls, Gaisano Malls, and the Metro Retail Stores Group, traces its roots to the city. There are four major super-regional malls in the city. SM City Cebu, located in the North Reclamation Area, opened in 1993, and is the first SM Supermall in the Philippines located outside Metro Manila. Ayala Center Cebu, opened in 1994, is a shopping mall at the Cebu Business Park. More than 85,000 people visit the mall every day, with the figure increasing to 135,000 daily on weekends. SM Seaside, opened in November 2015, is located in the South Road Properties and is one of the largest shopping malls in the Philippines. Robinsons Galleria Cebu opened in December 2015 and is in close proximity to the Port of Cebu. Other notable retail establishments include Ayala Malls Central Bloc in Cebu IT Park, Il Corso, Gaisano Mall of Cebu, and Gaisano Country Mall, among others.
Colon Street, the oldest national road in the Philippines, as well as its neighboring streets and surrounding areas, collectively known as Downtown Cebu, is an important center of commerce for the city. It is home to many malls, stores, and stalls selling various goods and services. Carbon Market is the city's oldest and largest farmer's market, and is set to be redeveloped to include other lifestyle and mixed-use developments. The redevelopment is scheduled to be finished by 2025. The Pasil Fish Market, located in Barangays Pasil and Suba, is a major fish wholesale market, sourcing fresh catch from different parts of the Visayas.
Government
Being a highly urbanized city, Cebu City (along with neighboring Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu) is independent from Cebu province. Its electorate do not vote for provincial officials. There were proposals during the time of Governor Emilio Mario Osmeña to establish an "administrative district" that would be independent from Cebu City. This would mean carving out Cebu City's Capitol Site barangay, where the provincial capitol and other provincial offices are located. The plan, however, did not go through and was even followed by other proposals like the transfer of the capital to Balamban.
Cebu City is governed by a mayor, vice mayor and sixteen councilors (eight representing the north and eight representing the south districts). Each official is popularly elected to serve for a three-year term. The chief of the Association of Barangay Captains and the president of the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation also serve in the city council. The day-to-day administration of the city is handled by a city administrator.
Current city officials (2022–2025)
19th Congress
Culture
Cebu City is a significant cultural center in the Philippines. The imprint of Spanish and Roman Catholic culture is evident. The city's most famous landmark is Magellan's Cross. This cross, now housed in a chapel, is reputed to have been erected by Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão Magalhães) when he arrived in the Philippines in 1521. It was encased in hollow tindalo wood in 1835 upon the order of the Augustinian Bishop Santos Gómez Marañon to prevent devotees from taking it home chip by chip. The same bishop restored the present template or kiosk, located at Magallanes Street between the City Hall and Colegio del Santo Niño. Revered by Filipinos, the Magellan's Cross is a symbol of Christianity in the Philippines.
A few steps away from Magellan's Cross is the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño (Church of the Holy Child). This is an Augustinian church elevated to the rank of basilica in 1965 during the 400th anniversary celebrations of Christianity in the Philippines, held in Cebu. The church, which was the first to be established in the islands, is built of hewn stone and features the country's oldest relic, the figure of the Santo Niño de Cebú (Holy Child of Cebu), who is Jesus Christ as a Child.
This religious and cultural event is celebrated during the island's cultural festivities known as the Sinulog festival. Held every third Sunday of January, it celebrates the festival of the Santo Niño, who was formerly considered to be the patron saint of Cebu. (This patronage was later changed to that of Our Lady of Guadalupe after it was realized that the Santo Niño could not be a patron saint because he was an image of Christ and not a saint.) The Sinulog is a dance prayer ritual of pre-Hispanic indigenous origin. The dancer moves two steps forward and one step backward to the rhythmic sound of drums. This movement resembles somewhat the current (sulog) of the river. Thus, the Cebuanos called it Sinulog.
When the Spaniards arrived in Cebu, the Italian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta, sailing under convoy with the Magellan expedition, offered a baptismal gift to Hara Amihan, wife of Rajah Humabon. She was later named Juana, the figure of the Santo Niño. The natives also honored the Santo Niño de Cebú in their indigenous sinulog ritual.[citation needed] This ritual was preserved but limited to honoring the Santo Niño. Once the Santo Niño church was built in the 16th century, the Christianized-Austronesian natives started performing the sinulog ritual in front of the church, the devotees offering candles and indigenous dancers shouting "Viva Pit Señor!"[citation needed]
In the 1980s and 2000s, the city authorities of Cebu added the religious feast of Santo Niño de Cebú during the Sinulog Festival to its cultural event.
The city joined UNESCO's Network of Creative Cities as a Design City on October 31, 2019, on the occasion of World Cities' Day. Cebu City was also recognized by the British Council as the Creative Capital of the Philippines. In 2019, it joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Design.
Music
Cebu City is regarded as the birthplace of BisRock, a term coined by Cebuano writer Januar E. Yap in 2002. Notable BisRock bands include Missing Filemon, Junior Kilat, Phylum, and Scrambled Eggs, among others. Popular Filipino bands Urbandub and Cueshé also hail from Cebu, but mostly sing their songs in English, and in the latter's case, also in Tagalog.
The Cebu Reggae Festival is a popular Filipino Reggae and Roots music festival, it now has become one of the Philippines' largest annual Reggae Festivals.
Lifedance and Sinulog Invasion are rave music festivals held in the city in the days before the Sinulog Festival. These music festivals are regarded as among the biggest music festivals in the country.
The Cebu Pop Music Festival is an annual music festival, founded in 1980, showcasing Cebuano language pop songs. Like Lifedance and Sinulog Invasion, the music festival is also held in the days before the Sinulog Festival.
On Cebuano musical heritage, the Jose R. Gullas Halad Museum in V. Gullas St. (former Manalili) corner D. Jakosalem St. in Cebu City, holds musical memorabilia of Cebuano composers in the early 20th century, the likes of Ben Zubiri (composer of Matud Nila), Inting Rubi (Kasadya Ning Taknaa) and Minggoy Lopez (Rosas Pandan).
Since 2013, Cebu has hosted the Visayan Pop Songwriting Campaign, an annual songwriting competition that aimed to showcase songs written in the Cebuano language. Founded by multi-awarded artist Jude Gitamondoc, Ian Zafra, Cattski Espina, and Missing Filemon's front-man Lorenzo Niñal through the Artists and Musicians Marketing Cooperative (ArtistKo) with the support of the Filipino Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. Vispop, or sometimes Visayan pop, later on evolved from being associated with the music festival to a genre of the new wave of Visayan pop songs that gained nationwide popularity, even those songs that were not exclusively produced for or presented in the contest.
Sports
The Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc. is based in the city. Its member schools are located within the Metro Cebu area. It is often considered one of the Philippines' strongest college sports league.
The city has an active boxing scene. ALA Gym, one of the most famous boxing gyms in the Philippines, is based in the city, at the Banilad district. In addition, ALA Gym's promotion arm, the ALA Promotions, organizes the Pinoy Pride boxing series.
The Aboitiz Football Cup is the longest-running association football competition in Cebu. The cup has been considered to be one of the most prestigious association football tournaments in the Philippines. The tournament is organized and supported by the Aboitiz family, one of the Philippines' richest families, and owners of one of the Philippines' largest conglomerates, the Aboitiz Equity Ventures.
The Cebu City Sharks is currently the only professional basketball team that is based in the city. The team plays in the South Division of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). The team plays its home games at the Hoops Dome in nearby Lapu-Lapu and at the USJ-R Coliseum, located in Barangay Basak Pardo.
The Cebu F.C. is a professional football club in the Philippines Football League (PFL), and will begin play in 2021. The club is the second professional football club to be based in Cebu, after Global F.C., which also played in the PFL. The club plays its home games at the Dynamic Herb Sports Complex in nearby Talisay.
Former professional sports teams include the following:
Tourism
Tourism is a thriving industry in Cebu. It hosted the 1998 ASEAN Tourism Forum. The city also hosted the East Asian Tourism Forum in August 2002, in which the province of Cebu is a member and signatory.
Views of Cebu City and its skyline can be seen from villages and numerous gated communities located on its mountainsides.
There is a significant number of Filipino-Spanish heritage buildings in Cebu City such as Fort San Pedro, Basilica del Santo Niño, Magellan's Cross, and the Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral. The city hosts the Museo Sugbo and Casa Gorordo Museum. The Cebu Taoist Temple is also situated within the city.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Mactan–Cebu International Airport
Osmeña Boulevard
Mactan–Cebu International Airport, located in Lapu-Lapu, is the country's second-busiest airport and serves direct international flights to Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, China, Taiwan, Dubai and South Korea, with charter flights to Russia and domestic destinations. Many international and cargo airlines fly to Cebu. There are also direct transfer flights via the capital's Ninoy Aquino International Airport that readily connect the city to other destinations in the world.
The city is served by a domestic and international port which are handled by the Cebu Port Authority. Much of the city's waterfront is actually occupied by the port with around 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) of berthing space. The city is home to more than 80% of the country's island vessels traveling on domestic routes mostly in the Visayas and Mindanao.
Transportation throughout the city and the metropolitan itself is provided by jeepneys, buses and taxis. The Cebu City Government conducted a 2012 feasibility study on implementing bus rapid transit (BRT) system that will ease the transportation of the residents in the city and throughout the entire Metro Cebu area. Aimed to serve an estimated 330,000 passengers per day, the project would have a capacity of 176 buses running through 33 stations along Bulacao until Talamban with a link to South Road Properties. The project is currently branded as TransCebu and is expected to be fully operational by 2017. As of March 2017[update] it was two years late, and the price had increased to ₱9.04B (US$180M).
In March 2019, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board announced the opening of a new Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service in Cebu City with three express bus routes to Lapu-Lapu, Danao and Sibonga.
A new light railway is expected to start its construction in 2022.
Utilities
The city mostly gets its power from an interconnection grid with the Leyte Geothermal Power Plant, which also powers the majority of the Visayas. Cebu is also powered by a coal-fired thermal plant with two units each generating 52.5-MW and 56.8-MW, a 43.8-MW diesel power plant and 55-MW land-based gas turbine plants located at the Naga power complex which is planned to be rehabilitated and replaced with 150-MW coal units by 2016 and to be completed by 2019.
Telecommunication facilities, broadband and wireless internet connections are available and are provided by some of the country's largest telecommunication companies.
In 1998, the 15-hectare (37-acre) Inayawan Sanitary Landfill was constructed to ease garbage disposal within the city. After 15 years, the landfill reached its lifespan and the Talisay city government recently allowed Cebu to temporarily dump its garbage in its own 2-hectare (4.9-acre) landfill. In 2015, Cebu appropriated a total of ₱2.5M to close and rehabilitate the landfill at Inayawan.
Education
University of San Carlos
University of San Jose – Recoletos
Cebu Normal University in Osmeña Boulevard
Cebu City, and Metro Cebu as a whole, is an important educational hub in Southern Philippines. Cebu City itself is currently home to ten large universities each with a number of campuses throughout Cebu province and more than a dozen other schools specializing in various courses.
Among these schools is the University of San Carlos, one of the most highly regarded educational institutions in the Philippines. It claims to trace its roots to Colegio de San Ildefonso, which was founded in 1595. It has five campuses around Cebu City, including the Downtown Campus (formerly Main Campus) and the Talamban Campus (TC), both of which are home to the school's college programs. It is currently headed by the Society of the Divine Word.
The University of the Philippines Cebu, located at Barangay Camputhaw in the district near Lahug currently has eight courses and has plans of expansion and development. The U.P. Board of Regents elevated the status of U.P. Cebu as a constituent university of the University of the Philippines System on October 27, 2016.
Another Catholic university in Cebu City is the University of San Jose–Recoletos which was established in 1947. It is currently headed by the Augustinian Recollects and has two different campuses within the city, excluding a new campus outside the city located in the municipality of Balamban.
Cebu Normal University (CNU) was established in 1902 as a provincial normal school, a branch of the Philippine Normal School. It became an independent institution in 1924, a chartered college in 1976, and a university in 1998. CNU offers academic programs at the nursery, kindergarten, elementary, junior high, undergraduate, and graduate levels. CNU is designated by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) as Center of Excellence (COE) in both Nursing Education and Teacher Education.
The Cebu Doctors' University (formerly Cebu Doctors' College) was granted university status in November 2004. It is the only private school in the Philippines to achieve university status without a designated basic education (pre-school – high school) curriculum; it caters mainly to courses related to the health services field. It was relocated to a nine-story building in 2007 at the Cebu Boardwalk (now Dr. P.V. Larrazabal Jr. Avenue) in neighboring city of Mandaue, thus closing its old campus near the then Cebu Doctors' Hospital (now Cebu Doctors' University Hospital). As of 2016[update], the university now offers senior high school (grades 11 and 12)
The University of Cebu (UC) has four campuses located within the city: Its main campus, located in Sanciangko Street, offers degree programs such as a Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT), HRM, Computer Engineering, BSED and others. The Maritime Education & Training Center (METC), located in Barangay Mambaling, which hosts the university's maritime programs, was opened in 1991. Its third campus, in Barangay Banilad, was opened in June 2002. A fourth campus, the Pardo–Talisay campus, located in Barangay Bulacao Pardo, near the boundary between Cebu City and Talisay, was added to the UC network in 2021 after the university's acquisition of St. Paul College Foundation, Inc.
Also located within in the city is the University of the Visayas, established in 1919, and is considered to be the first educational institution in Cebu which was granted with a university status. It was granted an autonomous status by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) in 2010 and currently offers basic education and a number of courses in the tertiary level including medical courses (Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Midwifery, and Health Care Services) which are housed in its campus in Banilad area. Aside from its campuses within Cebu City, it also has numerous campuses located around the province of Cebu.
Other noteworthy institutions in the city include the Cebu Institute of Technology – University (formerly Cebu Institute of Technology), the main campus of Cebu Technological University (formerly the Cebu State College of Science and Technology), Southwestern University, University of Southern Philippines Foundation in Lahug and Mabini, Asian College of Technology (formerly Asian Computer Institute), Benedicto College, Cebu Eastern College, Cebu International School, Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion, College of Technological Sciences - Cebu, Don Bosco Technical College–Cebu (DBTC), Saint Theresa's College of Cebu, Sacred Heart School - Ateneo de Cebu, Salazar Colleges of Science and Institute of Technology, and Velez College (together with its independently administered medical school arm Cebu Institute of Medicine), among others.
Cebu City has 68 public elementary schools, 23 national high schools and 28 night high schools. These night high schools are operated by the city government.
The Cebu City Public Library and Information Center is the only public library in Cebu.
Sister cities
International (in alphabetical order of the names of the cities)
National
Sources | 469a2cb5-185e-4b50-a6e5-1344b31832e7 |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marika_Taylor"} | Professor of Theoretical Physics
Marika Maxine Taylor (born 1974) is a Professor of Theoretical Physics and the Head of School within Mathematical Sciences at University of Southampton.
Early life and education
Taylor was inspired to study physics after reading A Brief History of Time whilst an GCE Advanced Level student. She studied Physics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge, where she heard a series of lectures by Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose about cosmology. This inspired her to choose courses on cosmology and black holes for her final year of study. She stayed at Cambridge, where she completed Part III of the Mathematical Tripos. In 1995 she won the Mayhew Prize, awarded annually by the Faculty of Mathematics, University of Cambridge, to the student showing the greatest distinction in Applied Mathematics. Her doctoral thesis Problems in M-theory, was supervised by Stephen Hawking which she completed in 1998. She continued to publish with Hawking after leaving Cambridge.
Research and career
Taylor's research is focussed on string theory, quantum field theory and gravitational physics. She uses the holographic principle to investigate the physical properties of black holes and condensed matter systems. The holographic principle allows Taylor to relate gravitational theories to theories without gravity, in one dimension lower. The holographic principle suggests that Einstein's picture of black holes isn't entirely correct – instead of matter getting sucked into the event horizon of a black hole, it remains as a hologram.
She was a postdoctoral fellow in Cambridge and Utrecht. She joined the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Amsterdam in 2004.
In 2012 Taylor joined the University of Southampton, where as of 2018 she is a professor. She was involved with The String Universe, a 2017 multi-institution COST Action grant exploring cosmology and string theory. As part of the initiative, Taylor arranged a series of events related to diversity in string theory.
Taylor has contributed to The Conversation. She regularly gives invited talks, seminars and popular science discussions relating to string theory, symmetries and entanglement.[excessive citations] She contributed to the New Scientist collection Where the Universe Came From: How Einstein's relativity unlocks the past, present and future of the cosmos.
Awards and honours
Taylor is a former member of the Young Academy of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2008 she won the Minerva Prize, awarded annually by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research for her paper Fuzzball solutions for black holes and D1-brane-D5-brane microstates. In the paper she described the microscopic description of the physics of black holes. She explored the possibility of Non-relativistic holography. | 7a030ed6-851f-4f19-86f7-b2c27b99d6bd |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymothoe_heliada"} | Species of butterfly
Cymothoe heliada is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The habitat consists of forests.
The larvae feed on Rinorea species.
Subspecies | 7bbd4b36-e69d-4cf9-96a8-d6c29624ed8f |
{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Rothstein"} | Swedish political scientist
Bo Abraham Mendel Rothstein (born 12 June 1954) is a Swedish political scientist. He is a former Professor of Government and Public Policy at University of Oxford's Blavatnik School of Government.
Rothstein is a contributor to Swedish public debate about politics and academic freedom.[citation needed] He has been especially critical of what he perceives as politicized research at some universities in Sweden. In 2003, he received the Swedish Association of University Teachers' prize for academic freedom. Rothstein received the prize for having "in the public debate argued for the importance of independent university teaching and research".[citation needed]
Rothstein is a critic of postmodernism and identity politics.
Life
Bo Rothstein was born in Malmö, Sweden, to an Austrian-born Jewish father who fled from Germany to Sweden in 1939.[citation needed] Rothstein's paternal grandparents (Rosa and Samuel R.) were murdered by the Germans in Chełmno in 1942. His maternal grandparents came to Sweden around 1910 from Ukraine and Lithuania.[citation needed]
Rothstein received his Ph.D. in political science from Lund University in 1986.[citation needed] Between 1986 and 1995 he was assistant and in 1992 became associate professor at the Department of Government at Uppsala University. He joined the University of Oxford in January 2016, where he was also given the title of Professorial Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford. He was a professor at University of Gothenburg from 1995 to 2015. He has been a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation, Cornell University, Harvard University, Collegium Budapest Center for Advanced Study, the Swedish Center for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences, the Australian National University, Stanford University and at the University of Washington in Seattle. In 2006 he served as Visiting Professor at Harvard University.[citation needed]
In 2004, he was awarded a six years research grant for "long term support to leading scholars" from the Swedish Research Council.[citation needed] In 2009 he received a similar five year grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the largest private research fund in Sweden. Together with Professor Sören Holmberg, he is in charge of the Quality of Government Institute at University of Gothenburg. His current research interests are comparative quality of government institutions, social capital, and political corruption. Since 2011, he is a member of the Swedish Government's Advisory Board for Research Policy.[citation needed]
Resignation from Blavatnik school 2017
2017 Rothstein resigned from his professorship at the Blavatnik School of Government so as to not give legitimacy to Leonard Blavatnik, one of the largest contributors to the school, due to his donations to and support of Donald Trump. The Dean of the Blavatnik School voiced her disappointment with Rothstein's departure, stating that Blavatnik's only donation was to Trump's Inaugural Committee. Leonard Blavatnik had also donated to groups supporting Marco Rubio during the Republican Primaries.
Rothstein said that the actions of the Trump administration run contrary to all that he has worked for; Rothstein has done considerable research on the quality of political institutions, welfare politics and corruption. He currently holds the August Röhss Chair in Political Science at University of Gothenburg, Sweden. The August Röhss Chair was established in 1902 by a generous donation from August Röhss, a leading merchant in Gothenburg. Several months after his resignation from the Blavatnik School, Rothstein complained that he was no longer being allocated office space, students, or academic tasks by the School, in a letter to the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford which was made public.
Writings
His books in English include:
According to Google Scholar his scientific publishing has an h-index of 60, which means that he is co-author to at least 60 articles which all are cited at least 60 times. | afb19818-fddc-4d36-9994-5fe5362de4b0 |
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