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For the author, see Chuck Klein (author).
Charles Herbert "Chuck" Klein (October 7, 1904 – March 28, 1958), nicknamed the "Hoosier Hammer", was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies (1928–33, 1936–39, 1940–44), Chicago Cubs (1934–36) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1939). He was one of the most prodigious National League sluggers in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He became the first baseball player to be named to the All-Star Game as a member of two different teams.
Klein was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and was known as the "Hoosier Hammer." He worked in a steel mill in his youth and played semipro baseball on his own time. The St. Louis Cardinals noticed his talent and signed him to a minor-league contract. He worked his way up to the Cardinals' farm team in Fort Wayne.
After hitting 26 homers in 88 games in 1928, Klein was slated to be called up to St. Louis midway through the season. However, Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis discovered that the Cardinals owned a team in Dayton, Ohio that played in the same league as Fort Wayne. Landis ordered the Cardinals to sell off the Fort Wayne team and give up the rights to its players. The Phillies outbid the New York Yankees for Klein's services, and Klein joined the Phillies in July.
Klein won the NL home run title in 1929, his first full year in the majors. However, he was helped along by his teammates on the last day of the season. In this game, the Phillies faced the New York Giants. The Giants' star slugger, Mel Ott, was tied with Klein for the lead with 42. In the first game, Klein homered to put him one ahead of Ott, who was held to a single. In the second game, the Phillies' pitchers walked Ott five straight times, including once with the bases loaded.
In 1930, Klein enjoyed one of the best offensive years in baseball history, batting .386 with 250 hits and 158 runs scored, all career highs. He also set career bests and still-standing Phillies records with 59 doubles, 170 runs batted in, a .687 slugging percentage and 445 total bases. No player has had as many total bases in a season since. His 107 extra-base hits that year are a National League record, tied by Barry Bonds in 2001. Along with his batting prowess, Klein was also a superb defensive right fielder who still holds the single-season mark with 44 assists in 1930. In 1932, Klein led the NL in both home runs and stolen bases. No player since has led the league in both categories in the same year. In 1933 Klein won the Triple Crown (.368, 28, 120), though Carl Hubbell took MVP honors. On July 6 of that year, he also became the first Phillies player ever to bat in an All-Star Game.
Traded to the Cubs for the 1934 season, Klein was a disappointment in Chicago by his previous standards. Even so, he hit 20 and 21 HRs in two seasons and batted .301 and .293. These were far below the numbers he posted in Philadelphia, leading to claims that Klein would not have hit nearly as many homers had he not played in notoriously hitter-friendly Baker Bowl. The Phillies reacquired him two years later. On July 10, 1936, Klein became the first NL player to slug four home runs in a game in the 20th century. He remains one of only 16 players in baseball history to have accomplished the feat.
Klein went to the Pirates during the 1939 season, but was back in Philadelphia the following season. For the last five years of his career, he was a part-time player, often used as a pinch hitter. He retired after getting one hit in seven at-bats in 1944. In his 17-year career Klein batted .320, with 398 doubles, 1,201 runs batted in, 1,168 runs, 2,076 hits, 74 triples, 300 home runs,a .543 career slugging avg.,and an OPS of .922.
Chuck Klein was honored alongside the retired numbers of the Philadelphia Phillies in 2001.
After retiring, he ran a bar in Philadelphia for a time. He endured some difficult financial times, largely due to a drinking problem. Eventually, a stroke damaged his nervous system and left one leg paralyzed. By 1947, Klein was living with his sister-in-law in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died there in 1958. Klein was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1980. In 1999, he ranked number 92 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.
The Phillies honored him on the outfield wall of Veterans Stadium with his name and an Old English-style "P" where a retired uniform number would go. The Phillies began using numbers in 1932, and in that season and 1933, Klein wore number 3. He was then traded to the Chicago Cubs, and when he returned to the Phillies in 1936, he wore 32 (later retired by the Phillies for Steve Carlton), and soon switched to 36 (later retired by the Phillies for Robin Roberts) for that season and 1937. In 1938 he wore number 1 (later retired by the Phillies for Richie Ashburn), wore 26 and then 14 (later retired by the Phillies for Jim Bunning) in 1939, wore 29 in 1940 and 1941, 3 again in 1942, 8 in 1943 and 26 again in 1944, his last major league season. Rather than choose one of these numbers, the Phillies simply retired a "P" for him, as they did for pre-numbers legend Grover Cleveland Alexander.
Klein was inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame in 1980.
This page was last modified on 31 December 2015, at 03:43.
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Other headlines: Eight AMU students were suspended on complaints of violence, and Modi praised the Lok Sabha’s productivity in his last speech in the House.
Final Rafale deal was 2.9% cheaper than offer negotiated by UPA government, says CAG report: The Congress claimed the CAG report an ‘eyewash’ and that Narendra Modi misled Parliament. Arun Jaitley claimed that the lies of the Opposition had been exposed.
Modi praises Lok Sabha’s productivity, pitches for majority government in last speech in the House: Samajwadi Party leader Mulayam Singh Yadav said he hopes Narendra Modi becomes prime minister again.
At least 12 students injured in blast at Pulwama school, say Jammu and Kashmir police: Most of the students have sustained splinter injuries.
Mamata Banerjee, Farooq Abdullah, Sharad Pawar join Arvind Kejriwal in AAP rally Delhi: At the ‘Save Democracy’ rally, Sharad Yadav said the government had failed to keep its promises and the time had come to ‘show the doors’ to the BJP.
Rajasthan Assembly passes bill to grant the Gujjar community 5% quota: The development follows five days of protests demanding for reservation.
Journalist and CEO of ‘Rappler’ news website arrested for alleged cyber libel in Phillipines: Rappler has been critical of the government led by Rodrigo Duterte and its ‘war on drugs’.
Shutdown in Kashmir Valley over petitions challenging validity of Article 35A: The Joint Resistance Leadership, a union of separatist groups, called for a two-day shutdown on Tuesday.
Court grants BJP’s Mukul Roy protection from arrest till March 5 in MLA murder case: The Calcutta HC has banned him from entering Nadia district unless he is needed to assist in the investigation or to attend court proceedings.
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What kind of sickness is going around?
Yikes! Make sure to wash your hands before you eat and after you use the restroom. Also avoid direct contact with anyone. It's that time of year when the viruses come out of hiding. Hopefully you don't get sick.
i dont know something with a fever which last for day.
Maybe it's just a strong fever virus going around. Just drink more water, the weather is quite dry now.
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Guide to Gun Holsters Similar to cellphone cases that are designed to be mounted on your side to free your hand, handgun holsters are generally designed to help you carry your firearm securely and ensure that your firearm is concealed. Handguns are not like cellphones that we need to use constantly, but they are not used often and the reason why we need to conceal it is to cover up or hide your identity. A gun owner who is mature and responsible in its use can walk around and meet people with a handgun on his hips. It is different with the police where displaying their handgun is essential to significantly show their authority over a citizens. Aside from concealing the handgun when you bring it along, it is also important to be easily accessible because if you need to draw it, then this must be a life threatening situation where a split second delay can cost you your life. It is also best if the handgun holster is comfortable to carry on your side for as many house as your are outdoors so that you can easily protect yourself and not endanger yourself. Sometimes there is a tension between needing easy access to your gun, and needing to secure the triggered guard to avoid accidental firing. Also, the need to quickly draw out your handgun because of sufficient retention or protection could result to dropping it altogether. Balancing these two needs is possible with a more customized halter with the strictest standards followed.
You should also choose a good holster that can protect your gun’s finish. Any metal finish can easily wear out when it is in constant contact with one’s skin, so this is another thing that must be considered. Furthermore, always remember that a well-fitting holster is the only way to rightly conceal your gun, and with this consideration you will not find yourself like others who keep on buying one and end up putting them aside because of a bad fit.
With a good fitting holster you will be able to get a good grip on your gun and help you take out any devices that retain the gun in its place for security reasons. Another advantage with a well fitted holster is that it must be designed to fit a specific firearm. It must also maintain its shape despite long use so that all its features would continue to possess good access and retention. It must then be sturdy enough and resistant to warp. Carrying your firearm in a good fitting holster should never be underestimated.
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TL;DR: Learn how enterprises are taking back control of managing, tracking and securing their employee's mobile devices.
You probably don't realize it, but your colleagues and you have been leading a technology revolution against your company's IT department. The day you handed in your corporate-issued Blackberry and started using your personal devices to conduct business was the day you inadvertently declared war on IT.
Before this revolt, IT enjoyed complete control your organization's devices, applications, and data, which made it easy to keep information secure and the systems working within the requirements of the enterprise. This all changed when employees took IT into their own hands, otherwise known as Shadow IT.
Your consumer-focused mobile applications were so easy to use and enhanced your productivity to a point where it made sense to start using these same applications for work. You set up Dropbox to share your team's confidential documents, you started collaborating in Google Docs, and you built presentations on Prezi.
While you didn't think twice about using these apps, IT had a big problem on its hands. Workers started using hundreds of unsanctioned apps and accessing them outside of the office on their mobile devices. This blitz on the enterprise grew into a major security liability. Something had to be done.
IT had a unique challenge to solve: how could they secure and track the confidential information living on their employee's mobile devices without impeding on the flexibility and productivity that employees now relied on to conduct business?
Enterprise mobility management (EMM) emerged as the solution, with the idea of helping IT take back control of the business-related applications and data living on employee devices without actually interfering with their personal apps.
"Simply put, it is a set of services and technologies that work together to secure company-owned applications and data on your employees’ mobile devices."
EMM is still in its infancy. Simply put, it is a set of services and technologies that work together to secure company-owned applications and data on your employees’ mobile devices. While the concept is straightforward, the complexities to achieve this goal require completely new technological approaches that continue to evolve.
EMM used to be mainly about mobile device and application management, but now it’s more about enabling mobility more broadly – extending to Windows 10 and MacOS devices, identity and access management strategy, and how to design mobile engaging and productive mobile experiences for employees.
With so many moving pieces, the definitions and expectations of EMM continue to evolve. In order to get a solid grasp on where EMM is and where it's heading, it's helpful to look at the four areas currently driving the EMM strategy.
We apologize in advance for the onslaught of acronyms, but the best way to define EMM is by explaining its core components: MDM, MAM, MCM, and MIM.
EMM is the comprehensive method of remotely managing devices, which is accomplished by incorporating the aforementioned four tools and strategies.
1. What is Mobile Device Management?
MDM is mistakenly used interchangeably with EMM. While MDM focuses on the device being secured, EMM encompasses both the device and the information which isn’t always stored in the device.
With MDM software, IT administrators can oversee mobile devices in the same way they manage your desktop computers in the office. They can remotely enroll the device and then track it, manage it and secure it based on the employee's profile and tasks.
The company can access your device to provision and configure Wi-Fi access, install and update apps, and fix any problems on the device. IT can also enforce security measures on the device such as locking out a device and wiping data.
2. What is Mobile Application Management?
MAM refers to the delivery and administration of the enterprise's software to the employee's device. While MDM focuses on device activation, provisioning, and troubleshooting, MAM tools deliver and manage all aspects of the mobile software (applications).
An important feature of MAM is providing the ability for IT to wipe company-owned apps and data remotely, without affecting the user's personal items.
The admin can also blacklist or whitelist applications and control their access permissions, which helps combat sensitive data flowing through unsanctioned applications.
When combined with MDM, MAM solutions can help IT better understand employee usage of the enterprise applications with behavioral analytics.
3. What is Mobile Content Management?
MCM uses a set of technology tools that secure access and storage of confidential content by implementing an encrypted, managed container.
Instead of storing important, company-owned content on personal apps like Dropbox or Google Drive, employees must adhere to the MCM policies for accessing and storing content and use the enterprise's preferred application. This not only keeps corporate content separate from personal but also gives IT the power to delete content from the device at will.
MCM is most effective when incorporated with MAM and MDM to ensure management of each level of the mobile enterprise. Identity management becomes the final component to keeping each level secure as it gives IT control over end-user access to specific apps, content, and sets of data.
4. What is Mobile Identity Management?
MIM is designed to ensure that only trusted devices and users can access enterprise data or applications. By authenticating the user’s identity and then tracking their activity, MIM gives IT the tools to manage access across devices and applications beyond the firewall.
Two-factor authentication: 2FA provides an extra layer of security if a mobile device is lost or stolen. By asking for a second form of identification such as an SMS code; if credentials are ever compromised, the data is still secure.
Behavioral Alerts: Auth0 provides custom tools to detect anomalies and stop unauthorized access. By tracking behavior and geography, MIM tools will alert IT of suspicious activity and attempts to log in.
SSO (single sign-on): SSO allows users to use one set of credentials to access multiple applications. When enterprises use dozens of apps, SSO gives employees the convenience of access without tedious logins for every app.
Identity management is the glue that keeps MDM, MAM, and MCM secure. Each of these components serves a specific purpose within the EMM framework, but as they are incorporated into a cohesive system, enterprises are able to gain back control of their digital assets.
The technology suite of tools and services needed to deliver a complete EMM solution currently does not exist within one single vendor.
EMM is rapidly evolving, and there is a lack of industry standards and best practices. Like most IT initiatives, start your EMM vendor search by developing a set of objectives and requirements. Define your needs and research vendors based on individual capabilities.
Do you offer application, content and identity management? While most EMM products focus on device management, not all of them cover other aspects of mobile management.
Do you support the platforms and technologies that we use? Some EMM providers only support certain operating systems and devices. Don't assume they cover everything you need.
What is your security approach for device and data? Ensure your vendors are using the most advanced encryption and identity tools that comply with your security policies.
Does the technology integrate with the current infrastructure? If you have a complex infrastructure, you will want to make sure the EMM solution integrates with your system.
Choosing the right vendors comes down to analyzing their capabilities within the core competencies of EMM. Take each component and evaluate providers on their capabilities to deliver on these elements.
There are diverse vendor approaches to managing the mobile lifecycle, with many focusing on identity and access, content security, and containment. To be classified as an EMM suite, Gartner requires inclusion of MDM, MAM and at least one of the following: MIM, MCM or containment technologies. The most advanced suites will include all five technologies.
While Gartner highlights vendors that try to incorporate several components, finding experts in each area might be a better way to go during the early stages of EMM. Niche providers that focus on one aspect of EMM often develop an expertise and can adapt quickly to the changing market.
Whether you choose an all-encompassing solution or create a suite of niche tools, partner with companies that have a vision for EMM and a roadmap for how their solutions will adapt as mobile matures.
"Enterprise mobility management is IT's answer to the employee revolution that forced companies to rethink their technology and data policies."
Enterprise mobility management is IT's answer to the employee revolution that forced companies to rethink their technology and data policies. EMM is not retaliation against employee mobility; it is actually the opposite. Companies want to keep their employees mobile and productive.
The future of EMM is going to be exciting as the definition of 'mobile device' expands to other connected devices, such as wearables and personal assistants. When Alexa starts helping people do their job, EMM will need to be ready.
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0.959863 |
The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly doubled between 1980 and 2008. According to country estimates for 2008, over 50% of both men and women in the WHO European Region were overweight, and roughly 23% of women and 20% of men were obese.
Estimates of the number of overweight infants and children in the WHO European Region rose steadily from 1990 to 2008. Over 60% of children who are overweight before puberty will be overweight in early adulthood. Childhood obesity is strongly associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, orthopaedic problems, mental disorders, underachievement in school and lower self-esteem.
Participation in 150 minutes of moderate-intensive aerobic physical activity each week (or equivalent) is estimated to reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease by approximately 30%, the risk of diabetes by 27%, and the risk of breast and colon cancer by 21–25%. In addition, it has positive effects on mental health by reducing stress reactions, anxiety and depression and by possibly delaying the effects of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia.
In Europe, estimates indicate that over one third of adults are insufficiently active. Men were more active than women, particularly in high-income countries, where nearly every second woman was insufficiently physically active. Through decisions impacting urban design, land use and transport, societies have become increasingly car-friendly over time, and there is a growing geographical separation of living, working, shopping and leisure activities. As a consequence, the role of active modes of transport, such as cycling and walking, has decreased dramatically in some countries, as have opportunities for active recreation. Recent research has also suggested that people should reduce extended periods of sedentary behaviour, such as sitting at work or watching television, since these may constitute an independent risk factor for ill health regardless of other activity levels.
The HBSC 2009/2010 survey of countries in the WHO European Region and North America found that girls across all countries and age groups report being less active than boys, with the gender gap increasing with age. The survey found that in general 15-year-olds (average 15%) were less likely to report meeting the physical activity guidelines than 11-year-olds (average 23%) in the majority of countries. Only 19% of 11-year-old girls report engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 60 minutes per day. For boys, the figure is 28%.
A daily breakfast and at least daily fruit consumption are seen as two of the most important healthy eating habits. In the HBSC study, eating breakfast daily was significantly associated with higher family affluence in the majority of countries for boys and over half for girls. Similarly, low family affluence was significantly associated with lower levels of fruit consumption among boys and girls in the majority of countries surveyed.
Health in later life is influenced by an accumulation of experience across the life-course. A life-course approach is therefore needed to effectively promote physical activity and to reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in Europe. It starts by ensuring physical activity before and during pregnancy and continues with appropriate levels of physical activity for infants and their parents. Action to encourage physical activity for children and adolescents in day-care centres, kindergartens, schools and the community is reinforced and sustained by the promotion of physical activity as a part of daily life for adults and for older people, at home, in the community and at the workplace. It also includes the promotion of sufficient levels of physical activity in health-care settings, such as primary health-care centres, hospitals and residential homes.
WHO's recommendations for preventing and managing obesity emphasize the need for coordinated partnerships involving different government sectors, communities, the mass media and the private sector to ensure that diet and everyday levels of physical activity can be changed effectively and sustainably.
Data warehouse that collects, stores and displays information on chronic diseases and their risk factors for all WHO member states.
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Ride one of the most scenic horseback routes in Costa Rica, starting from the base of the mighty Arenal Volcano.
The Don Tobias route is one of the most scenic in Costa Rica, passing through primary and secondary rainforests and cattle farms, with consistently impressive views of the Arenal Volcano.
The day begins at the Don Tobias stables (the Don was a famous horse breeder in the area), where your local guide will fit you with the perfect horse for your experience level and size. The three hour ride begins going toward the Arenal Volcano and winds through farmland that houses primary and secondary forests, as well as beautiful cattle ranching fields. You will make your way up the hills, to an iris lagoon, where your horses will refresh themselves, before ascending further, to a lookout point, from which the path descends back towards the stables.
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As a young scholar, Motoori Norinaga (1730-1801) concentrated on linguistic studies; the particular branch of kokugaku that he made his own was the recovery of the Japanese language. If one can sum up his attitude towards language it would be thus: Motoori believed that human beings should experience language directly, to understand the idea or thing in the word in an unmediated fashion. Ordinary Japanese (aohitogusa ) speaking their ordinary language use language in this direct way. Chinese writing gets in the way of this direct understanding of speech and the Chinese in general tend to be "murky" in their use of language. As a result, the use of language in Japan should take its model from the living, changing language of the ordinary people.
In the middle of his life, he turned to historical and literary studies when he shifted his concentration to the Kojiki , which was the oldest history of Japan written in Japanese. He first turned to the Kojiki in order to translate it into "living" Japanese; he was the first to "discover" that the work was meant to be read in Japanese even though it was written in Chinese writing. From the Kojiki , he turned to the first collection of Japanese poems, the Manyoshu , to discover what is truly Japanese both in language and in sensibility. It is from this latter study that he derived his most famous concept, one that would greatly define Japanese culture in later centuries: mono no aware , "the sensitivity to things." Motoori wanted to show that the unique character of Japanese culture (and he considered Japanese culture to be the "head" of the world; other nations were the "body") was the capacity to experience the objective world in a direct and unmediated fashion, to understand sympathetically the objects and the natural world around one without resorting to language or other mediators. The Japanese could understand the world directly in identifying themselves with that world; the Japanese could use language to directly express that connection to the world. This, for Motoori, is the aesthetic which lies behind the poetry of the Manyoshu ; this certainly was the aesthetic that lay behind the haiku (17 syllable poems) revival of the Tokugawa period. The poetic and historical texts present the "whole of life," which has meaning because all of nature and life is animated by the "intentions" of the gods. People experienced this wholeness of life by encountering things (mono); these encounters "moved" or "touched" them—hence the unique Japanese character: "sensitivity to things" (mono no aware ).
"Role of Language points to Mindfulness of Things Around You".
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Solar electrical power can be absorbed with the sun to create electric power. The energy is produced inside a solar system by means of a photo voltaic panel. It is usually called a photovoltaic mobile. This cell constitutes of many cells which are used to transform the sunshine within the sun into electric power.bandage dresses ，gucci belts， new balance shoes， Giuseppe Zanotti ，air jordan 13 "3M"， 3M 13s ， jordan 13 grey toe， grey toe 13s，grey toe 13， jordan 6 infrared ，infrared 6s，so kate shoes，cheap air max，nike free ，red bottoms ， black infrared 6s ， black infrared 6s ，Giuseppe Zanotti shoes ， jordan infrared 6s ， jimmy choo shoes ，legend blue 11s ， jimmy choo pas cher ， designer shoes， escarpins Louboutin ， sport blue 6s，air jordan 11， legend blue 11s， gucci belts，legend blue 11s， Giuseppe Zanotti shoes ， jimmy choo sale， jimmy choo shoes ，new balance shoes, jordan infrared 6s, infrared 6s, cheap gucci belts, christian louboutin shoes, red bottom shoes, new balance The cells facial area the sun and take up maximum amount of your solar rays. Far more amount of electricity is generated if the solar rays will be the strongest. Hence, this system has acquired acceptance in excess of the new several years.
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How bad is it if we left our robot on over night by accident ?
Shouldn't be a problem. Just charge the robot's main battery and the two cell phones.
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Provide assistance at the front desk of our administrative building. This will involve greeting visitors, answering phones, connecting with staff when they have a visitor or call. It may also include photocopying, data entry and assistance with mailings when needed.
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In developing websites, developers must possess the basic and advanced interdisciplinary skills and roles. The basic stuff includes graphics or web design, information architecture and copywriting.
Whereas, the advanced stuff includes Graphic User Interface (GUI) design; audio, video, and animation processing & encoding (for web usage); flash capabilities (animation, audio, video, scripting); web content management system deployment or content management infrastructure design, development and integration; web applications development, integration and deployment; web server stress testing (focused on how much traffic can a web server running a specific application endure before collapsing); web site security analysis & testing; web site code optimization (which is an important aspect of search engine optimization); and project management, quality assessment, and other aspects common to web development.
Developers also must consider certain security considerations such as data entry error checking through forms, filtering output, and encryption. Moreover, scripts can be manipulated to allow unauthorized access to malicious cyber criminals trying to collect your personal information like email addresses, passwords, and protected content like credit card numbers.
Keeping a web server safe from intrusion is called Server Port Hardening. Many technologies are used in keeping data on the internet safe when it is transmitted from one place to another. The best example is the Secure Socket Layer Encryption (SSL) Certificates that are issued by authorities to help prevent internet fraud. Different forms of encryption may be used by developers. Thus, developers must always consider web security.
In another light, many developers often argue about which language is best to use in developing websites. As a brief explanation of what it is, a scripting language is a programming language that supports the writing of scripts, programs written for a software environment that automate the execution of tasks which could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator. Furthermore, it is usually interpreted from source code or bytecode. Its spectrum can range from very small and highly domain-specific languages to general-purpose programming languages.
Keep in mind that before choosing a specific language, you might want to consider some points such as your server platform, the server software you run, budget, previous experience in programming, the people working like ColdFusion engineers, and the database you have chosen for your backend. Also, the Operating system (OS) you are using on your system is your platform and your choice of OS may influence your choice of language. These are important items in order to make one cohesive and secured website.
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Adam Montana: "I don't have to beat that drum - Iraq is doing it for me"
Article: "Iraq invests $ 24.5 billion in US Treasuries" Why would Iraq be investing in US Treasuries? That's a good question, and I think the answer is obvious - both the US and Iraq are going forward in a positive direction, so it's a smart play. We are on the smart side of that play, and here's the best part: I don't have to beat that drum - Iraq is doing it for me.
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Crowcombe Heathfield railway station is a station on the West Somerset Railway, a heritage railway in Somerset, England. It is situated 2 miles (3.2 km) from the village of Crowcombe.
Crowcombe Heathfield station was first opened on 31 March 1862 when the West Somerset Railway was opened from Norton Junction to Watchet. The railway was operated by the Bristol and Exeter Railway which became a part of the Great Western Railway in 1876, but the West Somerset Railway remained an independent company until 1922 when it too was absorbed by the Great Western.
When the station first opened there was just one platform, on the east side of the line, on what is now the "up" side towards Taunton. A "down" loop line and second platform were opened in 1879, together with an accompanying signal box at its north eastern end. The developments also included an extension of the existing goods siding west of the station, accessed via the western throat, which was extended to the road overbridge. W.G.King's had a quarry at Triscombe, and had built their own 2 ft (610 mm) tramway transporting stone from the quarry to a stone-crusher, and then onwards to either: a tarmac/concrete plant located adjacent to the Station Master's House; or a tipper parallel to the goods siding, and hence loaded on to its own set of 5 plank 10 long tons (10,000 kg) private owner wagons.
On 1 December 1889 the station was renamed as plain "Crowcombe" to avoid confusion with Heathfield (Devon) on the Moretonhampstead branch in Devon. The loop was extended in 1934 to cope with long holiday trains running to Minehead, leaving the signal box now sited midway down the western platform; the eastern ends of the platforms to this day are made up of different materials.
Nationalisation in 1948 saw it become a part of the Western Region of British Railways. British Rail closed the railway on 4 January 1971, during which they demolished a number of buildings on the stations platforms, and burnt down the original "squat" B&ER signal box.
The station reopened on 9 June 1979; the West Somerset Railway was now a heritage railway operating steam and diesel trains from Minehead to and Bishops Lydeard. The WSR removed the goods siding, and left the down side loop out of action. The station was still known as Crowcombe for a while, but the name was returned to Crowcombe Heathfield in 1991.
Located in a small local valley, the station stands at the highest point on the line, just under 400 feet (120 m) above sea level. The station has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II listed building. The railway workers' cottages and station master's house, together with the main station building, are the only original structures left. A display of permanent way can be found on the western platform and includes a portion of 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad gauge "baulk road" as was originally used on the line.
The station stands at the highest point on the line, just under 400 feet (120 m) above sea level, approached by a 1:86 gradient either side. This has always slowed the operating time on the long section between Bishops Lydeard and Williton, resulting in total capacity restrictions on the whole line to Minehead. Increasing seasonal passenger traffic to Minehead, was the driver behind the B&ER installing a loop at the station in 1879, doubling maximum traffic to a total of four trains per hour.
When the WSR reopened the line only the eastern "up" platform line was certified for operation. The resultant long-section between Bishops Lydeard and Williton meant that the line could only operate a maximum of two trains which were timed to pass at Williton which is about half way along the 20 miles (32 km) line. The station's loop was reinstated in May 1994 so a new signal box was required. A small standard-pattern GWR signal box was made using an upper wooden section reclaimed from the closed Ebbw Vale Sidings South in South Wales which was mounted on a newly constructed standard-height brick locking room. This has access steps on the southern side rather than the northern side as before. The 34 lever tappet-locking frame was first installed at Marsh Junction, Bristol, and then moved to Frome North in 1970. It was bought directly by the WSR after that signal box closed in 1984, and reinstalled in its current location, with 29 operating levers. The two loops were purposefully installed with linked-operated catch-points, which allows full two-train operations.
The signalling design allows the signal box to be switched-out of operation at quiet times when trains do not need to pass here. Three token boxes are hence provided at the signal boxes at Bishops Lydeard and Williton, and the signal box has two extra levers to allow the signalman to passover section control.
A Hard Day's Night (1964) featured The Beatles and was filmed in 1964 at London Marylebone station and on the Taunton to Minehead branch line. A scene in which the band ran alongside a train was filmed near Crowcombe.
The Flockton Flyer (1976-7) was a children's television drama series about a preserved railway that was filmed on the West Somerset Railway and included scenes filmed at many stations including Crowcombe Heathfield.
The Land Girls (1997) was filmed on the West Somerset Railway and Crowcombe Heathfield featured as Bamford station.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1988), a BBC television mini-series, where the four Pevensie children arrived at the start of the film after being evacuated by train from London.
Trains run between Minehead and Bishops Lydeard at weekends and on some other days from March to October, daily during the late spring and summer, and on certain days during the winter.
^ "History". Friends of Crowcombe Heathfield railway station. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ a b c Oakley, Mike (2006). Somerset Railway Stations. Bristol: Redcliffe Press. ISBN 1-904537-54-5.
^ a b "Steam sounds in Somerset" (PDF). Steam sounds. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
^ "Crowcombe Station". Images of England. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
^ "Crowcombe Heathfield". signalbox.org. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ a b Horton, Glyn (2009) . Horton's Guide to Britain's Railways in Feature Films. Kettering: Silver Link Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85794-334-4.
^ Jones, Nick (2009). "Return of the Flockton Flyer". West Somerset Railway Journal. West Somerset Railway Association (125): 12–13.
^ "The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe". Internet Movie Database. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
^ "Timetables". West Somerset Railway. 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crowcombe Heathfield railway station.
This page was last edited on 22 January 2019, at 04:31 (UTC).
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What would be the value of *(ptrB + 1) and *(ptrC + 1)?
If you want the variables to share the same memory space, I would create a union structure.
If you want this situation explained further please ask and I will do my best to do so.
value at those memory locations.
I seem to see what's the problem here. Some processors write the data to memory from most significant bit to least significant one. In that case numA (in memory) would look like: 0x65FDE587. My processor writes it the other way around (and many others do too, it's very common), so numA looks like this: 0x785EdF56, except not even like this, because it's flipped in binary.
but on my (and probably your computer too) it's written the other way around. Usually that causes no harm to the programmer, until you start messing with the memory. This is where it gets tricky.
Now, short takes only 2 bytes. So we start reading from the beginning the first two bytes, which gives us: 0x785E. But since the computer wrote it backwards, it will now read it backwards, which gives us 0xE587 (-6777. Here we have another problem. Short goes only to 32,767 so the count goes back to –32,768 and goes up again. The actual value for 0xE587 is 58759, but stored in short it's -6777).
Now, when we say ptrB+1, since ptrB is a pointer to short, we go up by sizeof(short), which is 2 bytes. Therefore we get the next 2 bytes (the last two, as a matter of fact): 0xDF56. Read them backwards, apply the limit for short, and you have 26109.
Same with char, except we go up only by one byte. The value is -27.
Of course, if we change the value of numA, the values of *ptrB and *ptrC will change, because they are pointing at the memory address of numA (which we changed :) ).
And the other way around. If we change *ptrB or *ptrC, numA will change also. Those variables simply share memory.
Well, if you are satisfied with my answer, I would appreciate a tip. If you have more questions, shoot!
I want to have my husbands e-mail address put in my name.
Dear Microsoft I am running Office 2010 on Windows 7 Ultimate.
match data from two columns and show exceptions from each.
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0.987855 |
One designated Sunday each month “volunteers” count all the birds on eight stretches of coastline on Arran. This is done at Brodick, Lamlash, Whiting Bay, Kildonan, Blackwaterfoot, Machrie, Pirnmill and Lochranza. The birds counted include familiar birds like Mallard and Oystercatcher and less familiar birds like Common Scoter and Greenshank. In 2014 a total of thirty five species were recorded.
These volunteers are part of a bigger group of volunteers who are continuing a tradition begun in 1947, Last year around 3,000 volunteer counters took part in synchronised monthly counts at wetlands of all habitat types throughout the UK, mainly during the winter period.
This national survey provides information on the size of waterbird populations, the trends in numbers and the importance of individual sites. For example, from the information collected Arran is a site of national importance for Red-breasted Merganser.
The survey is called the Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) and it is a partnership between leading conservation bodies in the UK, namely the British Trust for Ornithology, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (the last on behalf of the statutory nature conservation bodies: Natural England, Natural Resources Wales and Scottish Natural Heritage and the Department of the Environment Northern Ireland ), inwith the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust.
Why? The UK is of outstanding international importance for waterbirds. Lying on some of the major flyways for Arctic-nesting species, large numbers of waterbirds are attracted, especially during winter, by the relatively mild climate and extensive areas of wetland, notably estuaries. The UK thus has both moral and legal obligations to conserve both the waterbirds and the wetlands upon which they depend. Legal obligation? Yes the UK has ratified a number of international agreements which require, among other things, that sites and habitats for migratory waterbirds are identified, protected and managed appropriately, Signatures to the agreement specifically are required to monitor waterbird populations.
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0.967507 |
In mathspeak, what people usually call the "average" is properly known as the "mean" or the "mean number." There are actually two other types of averages – the "mode" and "median" – that you'll learn about when you study statistics. But for most mathematical applications, the term "average" tells you to seek out the mean, which can be calculated with basic addition and division.
To calculate an average, add up all the terms, and then divide by the number of terms you added. The result is the (mean) average.
What does it mean to calculate the average or mean? Technically, you're dividing the sum of the values you're working with by the count (or quantity) of number in that set. But in real-world terms, it's more like distributing the value of the entire set evenly among each of its numbers, and then stepping back to see what value the numbers all ended up at.
This type of average is useful for making sense of large data sets or estimating where an entire group stands. For example, you might be asked to calculate the average percentage grade in your class, the average GPA among your fellow students, the average salary for a certain job, the average amount of time it takes to walk to a bus stop and so on.
Does the idea of how to find averages make sense? The formula is a little clunky to write out in words, but working through a few examples will bring the concept home.
Example 1: Find the average grade in your math class. There are 10 students, and so far their cumulative percentage grades are: 77, 62, 89, 95, 88, 74, 82, 93, 79 and 82.
The result, 82.1, is the average score in your math class.
Example 2: What is the average of 2, 4, 6, 9, 21, 13, 5 and 12?
So the average of that data set is 9.
Example 3: Of the students in your class, seven take the bus to and from school. (The others are driven by their parents.) All told, those seven students spend a total of 93 minutes walking to and from the bus each day. What is the average walk time for the students in your class?
Normally your first step would be to add all the students' walk times together, but that's already been done for you; the problem tells you that the total of their walk times is 93 minutes.
Most people don't care about whether you've walked 13.2857142857 minutes or 13.2857142858 minutes, so in a case like this you'll almost always round your answer to make it more useful.
If rounding is allowed, your teacher will tell you what decimal place to round to. In this case, let's round to the tenths place, which is one spot to the right of the decimal. Because the number in the next place (the hundredths place) is greater than 5, you'll round the number in the tenths place up when you truncate the decimal.
So, your answer, rounded to the tenths place, is 13.3 minutes.
Maloney, Lisa. "How to Find an Average." Sciencing, https://sciencing.com/find-an-average-4717998.html. 12 November 2018.
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0.999505 |
hat skin type is this product best for?
Sensitive Skin Cleanser is appropriate for dry, sensitive and post-procedure skin types.
Sensitive Skin Cleanser should be the first product used morning and evening.
Splash face with warm water. Gently massage cleanser over face. Rinse thoroughly with warm water.
The creamy, non-irritating, fragrance-free formulation washes away oil, dirt and impurities while leaving skin feeling soft and silky.
Is this cleanser recommended for use after a procedure?
Yes, Sensitive Skin Cleanser is the ideal cleanser to use on the most sensitive and post-procedure skin.
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract - A botanical extract that soothes the skin.
Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract- A botanical extract that soothes the skin.
Calendula Officinalis (Pot Marigold) Flower Extract-A botanical extract that helps to soothe the skin.
Water/Aqua/Eau, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower) Seed Oil, Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Glycerin, Cetearyl Alcohol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, Dimethicone, Ceteareth-20, Polysorbate 20, Aminomethyl Propanol, Carbomer, Disodium EDTA, Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Isobutylparaben, Butylparaben, Ethylparaben.
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0.975193 |
Red is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on October 22, 2012, by Big Machine Records, as the follow-up to her third studio album, Speak Now. The album title was inspired by the "semi-toxic relationships" that Swift experienced during the process of conceiving this album, which Swift described the emotions she felt as "red emotions" due to their intense and tumultuous nature. Red touches on Swift's signature themes of love and heartbreak, however, from a more mature perspective while exploring other themes such as fame and the pressure of being in the limelight. The album features collaborations with producers and guest artists such as Gary Lightbody of Snow Patrol and Ed Sheeran and is noted for Swift's experimentation with new musical genres. Swift completed The Red Tour in support of the album on June 12, 2014, which became the highest-grossing tour of all time by a country artist, grossing over $150 million.
Red was well received by critics and earned Swift Grammy Award nominations for Best Country Album and Album of the Year. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, giving Swift her third consecutive chart topper in the US. Its first week sales of 1.21 million was the third biggest debut in history for a female artist and became the fastest-selling album in over a decade. It made music history for claiming the biggest first week sales of all time by a country act, the record previously held by Garth Brooks. Red is just the 18th album in United States history to sell one million copies in a single week. It was also a huge global success, becoming Swift's first chart-topper in the UK, and also topped the album charts in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand while charted in the top ten in every other major market including China.
Worldwide, Red has sold 6 million copies as of August 2014. It was Swift's third consecutive top-seller and the second best-seller overall across all genres despite being out only for two months. This makes the fourth time Swift has an album ranked in the year's top three sellers. Red has been certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), making it Swift's fourth consecutive album to reach this plateau.
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Prepare this perfect weekend brunch ahead of time and keep in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours before baking. Perfect for a weekend brunch, or an easy dinner.
The perfect worry free make ahead dish for an entertaining breakfast or brunch.
Preheat your oven to 350°F. Sauté the red pepper, onion and garlic in 2 tablespoons of butter until softened about 5 minutes. Set aside. In an extra large mixing bowl, combine the potatoes, ham and 1 1/2 cups of each of the cheeses. Evenly spread half of the potato mixture into a lightly greased 10-x15-inch (4 quart) baking dish. If you do not have a casserole dish that large, you may divide it into two separate dishes. Top the potato layer with the broccoli and then the red pepper mixture. Cover the vegetables with the remaining potato mixture. In the same mixing bowl, whisk together the eggs, milk, sour cream and salt and pepper. Pour the egg mixture evenly over the casserole. Sprinkle with dried parsley and top with the remaining cheese (1 cup total). Bake covered loosely for 30 minutes, then uncover and bake an additional 15 to 20 minutes or until the egg is set and does not appear to be runny. Remove from the oven and let cool for 10 minutes before serving. May be served hot or at warm at about room temperature. Store any left over casserole in the refrigerator. Note: Cooking time will vary depending on the size and shape casserole dish you use. I love to use a pretty round dish for special occasions, but it makes the casserole thicker, requiring at least 20 more minutes of cooking time, so use your judgement. If you are making this ahead of time, prepare the casserole, cover and store in the refrigerator up to 24 hours until you are ready to bake it.
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The UNSC Home Fleet is a fleet in the UNSC Navy. Their assignment is to protect Earth and the Sol system from an invasion or attack. By 2552, the Home Fleet's chief commanding officers were Fleet Admiral Lord Terrence Hood, the Chief of Naval Operations, as well as Fleet Admiral Harper, who commanded the attached Fifth Fleet.
The UNSC Home Fleet's known history is short but distinguished. It is unknown how long the fleet has existed, but it is likely the UNSC has had a fleet of ships defending humanity's homeworld from external threats such as Insurrectionists since space warfare became a reality.
After the Fall of Reach and Operation: FIRST STRIKE, the few Epsilon Eridani Fleet survivors of the Covenant attack on the Epsilon Eridani system, including the UNSC Aegis Fate and UNSC Gettysburg, were recalled to Earth. After the Gettysburg arrived—aided by a Covenant slipspace drive taken during FIRST STRIKE—its occupants warned the Home Fleet that the Covenant could locate Earth at any time, giving the UNSC time to prepare for their arrival. The surviving ships from the fleet, along with all other fleets, were consolidated into the Home Fleet for Earth's apparent final stand.
Ships of the Home Fleet engaging the Covenant during the early stages of the Battle of Earth.
The Home Fleet's first known engagements with the conglomerate of alien races known as the Covenant were during the last stages of the Human-Covenant War in the Battle of Earth, where it successfully defeated the Fleet of Sacred Consecration directly commanded by a member of the Covenant's leadership in Earth's orbit. The engagement, however, was against a very small fleet of two assault carriers and thirteen battlecruisers. This engagement, commanded by both Fleet Admirals Hood and Harper, suffered a number of casualties as the fleet of sixty-seven frigates and eight cruisers under Harper's command attempted to hold back the enemy cruisers from reaching the orbital defense platforms.
The Home Fleet engages Truth's fleet as the Forerunner Dreadnought ferrying the Prophet closes in on Earth.
On Cairo Station, Fleet Admiral Hood was awarding MCPO John-117 and Sergeant Major Avery Johnson for their actions at Installation 04 and the subsequent Operation: FIRST STRIKE. When Cortana received a slipspace rupture report near Io, she relayed the information to FADM Hood. When the Covenant force arrived, the Home Fleet was ready and waiting. Opening up with Marathon-class cruisers and MAC shells, they decimated the Covenant fleet, but suffered heavy losses themselves. Also during the engagement, the Covenant released boarding pods to occupy and destroy the MAC platforms using antimatter charges. Stations Athens and Malta were both destroyed, but Cairo was spared destruction by John-117, who later took the bomb and destroyed one of the two assault carriers.
At New Mombasa, the UNSC followed the surviving assault carrier, the Solemn Penance, to the surface. The only known ship in this engagement was the UNSC In Amber Clad; commanded by Miranda Keyes. The In Amber Clad's ground forces engaged the Covenant until; in retreat, the carrier fled the battle. The In Amber Clad, UNSC Paris, UNSC Redoubtable, UNSC Coral Sea and the UNSC Dusk made it into the slipspace rift before it closed.
Only In Amber Clad successfully kept pace with the carrier. The Dusk arrived days later, though the Coral Sea arrived before the onset of the Great Schism and hid from the Covenant fleet in the system close to the surface of Delta Halo, and the fates of Redoubtable and Paris are unknown.
The In Amber Clad deployed her ODST contingent on Installation 05, along with John-117 to assassinate the Prophet of Regret; who had escaped back from Earth in the assault carrier; itself no longer a target. The rest of the In Amber Clad's crew and remaining Marines went to find the Index. Avery Johnson and Miranda Keyes fought through the Quarantine Zone before encountering Thel 'Vadamee; an Arbiter, and being captured by the Covenant leadership. They were taken to High Charity and afterwards, the control room to fire Installation 05. In Amber Clad, however, was taken over by the Flood and made a precision jump out of the ring's atmosphere, appearing inside High Charity. Cortana originally planned to destroy High Charity by detonating the Clad's fusion reactors, though due to subsequent events, this plan never took place. Cortana would make a second attempt to destroy High Charity by sending a message to the UNSC, in hopes that they would send ships from Earth to NOVA bomb the station.
The UNSC Home Fleet dispatched a battlegroup commanded by Admiral Carl Patterson to Onyx to recover Forerunner artifacts reported by Dr. Halsey. When the battlegroup arrived, they engaged two Covenant destroyers. UNSC Glasgow Kiss was the first to be destroyed when it purposely turned into plasma fire from the destroyers intended for the UNSC Stalingrad. They believed they had won the engagement, destroying one ship and heavily damaging the other. The damaged ship fled to the unseen side of the planet, with the UNSC ships in pursuit.
Twenty Covenant ships that had been hidden on the other side of the planet appeared from the gravity well of Onyx, and began to attack the battle group. In the ensuring mayhem, the remaining UNSC ships attempted to accelerate through the gravity well of the planet through the lines of the Covenant ships coming from surface of Onyx. The UNSC Iwo Jima got in between eight Covenant warships and self-destructed, sacrificing itself to destroy two destroyers. Only five UNSC ships made it through. These ships disengaged when Sentinels destroyed three Covenant ships using plasma capture. In an attempt to escape the Sentinels, the Covenant assigned a rear guard of two ships to protect the rest of the fleet. This helped them escape the gravity well of Onyx at the cost of these two ships.
The UNSC Dusk planted fourteen Hornet mines around the moon of Onyx. Then, the surviving ships of Patterson's battle group launched an attack. The attack, however, was a trick to lure the Covenant force into the mine field. The mines detonated, but four Covenant destroyers made it through the nuclear fireballs. The rest of the UNSC ships thought they would win the engagement, until thirty-two Covenant vessels, reinforcements from Joyous Exultation arrived. They destroyed the surviving ships of the battle group.
The only ship to make it out alive was the UNSC Dusk, which stayed dark and was lucky enough to not get hit by the reigning debris or be detected by the Covenant ships. It eventually escaped to slipspace by narrowly evading the Sentinels that erupted from the disintegrating Onyx.
Several frigates attached to the Home Fleet attack the Forerunner Dreadnought activating the Portal leading to the Ark.
During the later stages of the Battle of Earth in November 2552, the Home Fleet was still fighting the Covenant above Earth. However, they seemed to be holding their own against a second fleet sent in by the Prophet of Truth, judging by the order of Admiral Hood regarding Truth's ship (before John-117 contacted him) - "It's not one of ours, take it out." A mere day later, Truth's fleet arrived and, according to Commander Keyes, "...smashed what was left of the home fleet...". At about this time, the Home Fleet had significantly less ships and was almost to the point of destruction. The UNSC was using its last reserves of ships to launch hit and run attacks on the Covenant.
During the Battle of Voi, three ships from the Home Fleet, including the UNSC Forward Unto Dawn, led a strike force of Longsword interceptors over what was believed to be- the "Ark" in Voi, Kenya. Although they damaged the Forerunner Dreadnought, it escaped though the slipspace portal.
The UNSC Forward Unto Dawn fought during the last battle of the Human-Covenant War, the Battle of Installation 00. There, the Dawn helped UNSC Marines and the Sangheili against the Prophet of Truth's forces. The UNSC and Sangheili forces fought valiantly, until they were ordered to evacuate due to the imminent firing of Installation 08. The UNSC Forward Unto Dawn was lost as the portal closed just as the vessel passed through and thus trapping the Master Chief in the void of space.
Discovering that the Halo Array had been remotely activated, the UNSC planned to send a force from the Home Fleet, led by the cruiser UNSC Endeavor, to the Ark to deactivate the signal, and invited advisors from the Swords of Sanghelios, briefing them on the situation and asking for their assistance in activating the Voi portal to reach it. When the portal activated, a Forerunner Retriever emerged, and began to harvest the surrounding countryside, but was destroyed by the Endeavor with support from air forces from a nearby UNSC military base. While the UNSC wanted to send a larger force aboard the Endeavour, Shipmaster N'tho 'Sraom refused to wait, and took his own ship, the Covenant heavy corvette Mayhem, through on his own initiative, with UNSC personnel aboard.
The Home Fleet, consisting of dozens of ships, was in place to respond when 000 Tragic Solitude sent through hundreds of Retrievers to strip Earth and the rest of the solar system to repair his installation. These sentinels were rudimentarily armed, but were destroyed in large numbers by Home Fleet, though it took heavy casualties and was on the verge of defeat until a stalemate on the Ark between the Mayhem's crew and Tragic Solitude, forcing the Retrievers to withdraw through the portal. Afterwards, the UNSC sent reinforcements through the portal to investigate the threat and discovering that the Mayhem's crew and passengers had survived. The carrier UNSC Witness recovered Mayhem within one of its hangars, and carried it back through the portal to Earth.
Battle Group Dakota of the Home Fleet help Spartan-117's F-41 Broadsword defend Earth from the Mantle's Approach during the New Phoenix Incident.
In 2557, the Didact's ship, Mantle's Approach, arrived in-system to use the Composer to digitize humanity. Having been forewarned by the UNSC Infinity, the Home Fleet was ready and led by the Infinity, engaged Mantle's Approach. Battlegroup Dakota, led by the Infinity moved into position to confront the Didact's flagship, sustaining some losses due to the vessel's superior defenses and failing to inflict damage upon the ship. As the battlegroup engaged Mantle's Approach, Infinity was contacted by the Master Chief who was flying beneath the Didact's shields in an F-41 Broadsword armed with a nuclear weapon. In order to allow the Master Chief to destroy the enemy vessel, the Infinity used two of her forward batteries to blast a hole in the ship's hull after the Master Chief took out Mantle's Approach's point-defense weapons, allowing the Master Chief to board the ship. The battlegroup subsequently disengaged from the fight, staying on station instead while the Master Chief destroyed Mantle's Approach and the Composer from the inside with his nuclear weapon.
In 2558 when Cortana reemerged as the new leader of the Created after her presumed destruction during the Didact's earlier attack, she activated a series of Forerunner Guardians to enforce the will of the Mantle, now believing AIs to be the true Reclaimers of the galaxy. The Infinity and her escorts again rushed to Earth's defense as a Guardian appeared above Earth, with the Home Fleet and the orbital defense grid scrambling their defenses in the wake of this new threat. However, having witnessed the capabilities of the Guardians, the crew of the Infinity instead chose to retreat, narrowly escaping the massive EMP blast that shut down all technology on Earth, rendering the Home Fleet utterly defenseless as their own vessels were also disabled in orbit.
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Carl Hooper's oustanding cricket talents became obvious even before teenage years. Unusally tall for his age, he played in local first division cricket, as an effective off-spinner, while still in primary school. His batting developement took off later, but by his mid-teen years he was already a classy batsman who could also bowl well.
Carl Hooper made his debut as a 16-year-old for Guyana in the 1983 Neil & Massey Regional Youth Tournament in Jamaica, bowling off-spin and batting at No 3. He had little success in his first series in a rather weak Guyana team that lost all its matches. Later in 1983 Hooper made an uneventful his first class debut, playing for Demerara against Berbice in Guyana the inter-county competition.
In the 1984 Northern Telecom Regional Youth Championship in Barbados, Hooper became the Guyana Youth team's workhorse bowler and a useful top-order batsman. In 5 matches he bowled an average 31 overs per innings and took 28 wickets. He took an innings best of 8 wickets for 48 runs and a match best of 12 wickets for 128 runs against the Windwards, which was to remain his best ever bowling performance for the Guyana youth team.
It was the only match that Guyana won (or did not lose!) in the two years Hooper had been on the team. In a match that Trinidad & Tobago won by an innings he bowled 65 overs in Trinidad & Tobago's only innings. In addition he scored a total of 210 runs at an average of 26.25 per innings with a highest score of 54, his only half century for the Guyana youth team up to this time.
Hooper was rewarded for his fine efforts with a place in the West Indies youth team to play the England youth team in Barbados. In the lone Test match, he top-scored with 58 and took 5 wickets, to help the West Indies win by 4 wickets. In the One-Day series, Hooper scored a brilliant 119 not out at Kensington Oval to help West Indies win the 1st ODI. England fought back, however, to win the 2nd and final ODI via a higher run rate.
Hooper represented Demerara again in first class cricket at the end of 1984, taking 9 for 142 in the match, despite bowling alongside top Guyana (and future West Indies) off-spinner Clyde Butts. He had moderate success with the bat, scoring 32 and 5.
In January of 1985 Hooper made both his first class and List A regional debuts, playing for Guyana against Barbados in Bridgetown. He opened his regional first class account with a brilliant 126.
The 1985 Northern Telecom Regional Youth Championship was played in Guyana and Hooper was superlative. In the first match he scored 180 against the Leewards (which included future Test fast bowler Kenny Benjamin) and took 5 wickets. In the second he scored 120 not out and took 4 wickets, against Barbados. He took 11 wickets in the third against the Windwards and 6 more in the fourth, against Jamaica.
In the last match of that year's championship he took 7 wickets and scored 82 runs against Trinidad & Tobago, with each team completing only a single innings because of rain. In all Hooper scored 404 runs at an average of 80.80 and took 33 wickets at an average of 11.15, with an innings best of 7 wickets for 47 runs. Guyana won all its matches and the tournament in 1985, despite having a weak team, with the exception of Hooper.
In 1986, the Northern Telecom Regional Youth Championship was played in Guyana again but Hooper was less spectacular. He played in the entire tournament but scored a relatively ordinary 287 runs at an average of 41.00, with a single century (173 against the Windwards) and a single half century. He also took 15 wickets at an average of 32.87, with an innings best of 4 wickets for 63 runs.
Hooper played English county cricket for Kent and Lancashire. In 2003, He became only the second player to score a century against all 18 county teams.
Hooper holds the accolade of being the first cricketer to score 5,000 runs, take 100 wickets, hold 100 catches and received 100 caps in both Tests ODIs, a feat only matched since by Jacques Kallis. In his autobiography, Steve Waugh writes that "quickness of feet and sweet yet brutally efficient stroke play were Hooper's trademarks." He was routinely prematurely dismissed, however, after losses in concentration.
Shane Warne also thought very highly of Hooper's footwork and, in 2008, named him among the top 100 cricketers of his time, citing in particular his ability to disguise his dances down the track. Warne felt that determining when a batsman was going to give the charge was one of the most important things for a spinner, and that Hooper was the best at making it indeterminable.
"During the 1995 series," he wrote, "this really nagged away at me, because I couldn't spot any of the usual clues even though I knew there had to be a sign that would give him away. On a number of occasions, I stopped at the point of delivery to see if he was giving anything away with his footwork. Most batsmen would be looking to get out of their ground at that point, whereas Hooper just stayed set.
In the end, after watching him closely time after time, I managed to crack it. When he wanted to hit over the top, he just looked at me instead of tapping his crease as usual and looking down. Of course, my knowing what he was going to do did not always stop him from doing it."
Hooper was also a strong slip fielder, usually at second slip. He took numerous catches from the likes of Ambrose and Walsh.
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0.977971 |
How does word length affect the performance and operation of a CPU?
About a year ago, I came across a question on Super User titled “How much faster is a 64-bit CPU than a 32-bit CPU?”, which was promptly closed and deleted since it’s a very open ended question. However, the author (a software developer) referred to benchmarks regarding system performance in 32-bit versus 64-bit. The purpose of this blog post is to investigate how the performance of a computer is affected, as a function of the word length.
8-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit all refer to the word length of the processor, which can be thought of as the “fundamental data type”. Often, this is the number of bits transferred to/from the RAM of the system, and the width of pointers (although nothing stops you from using software to access more RAM then what a single pointer can access). A word length can be any number of bits, but is usually a power of two.
CLRA ; I'm assuming the condition flags are not modified by this.
BRNO CMPS ; Branch to CMPS if there was no overflow.
ADDA #1 ; If there was overflow, compensate the value of A.
Going through my made-up assembly syntax, you can easily see how higher-precision operations can take an exponentially longer time on a lower word length machine. This is the real key to 64-bit and 128-bit processors: they allow us to handle larger numbers of bits in a single operation.
Likewise, if we had to make a copy of some data in memory, assuming everything else is constant, we could copy twice as many bits per cycle on a 64-bit versus 32-bit machine. This is why 64-bit versions of many image/video editing programs outperform their 32-bit counterparts.
LDAB64 [NUM2] ; Again, two more clock cycles.
ADDAB64 ; This only takes 1.
STAA64 [RESULT] ; However, this takes two again, since we need to store a 64-bit result 32-bits at a time.
As you can see, even a hardware implementation of a 64-bit addition under a 32-bit processor still takes 7 clock cycles at minimum (and this assumes all memory reads/writes take a single clock cycle). Where I’m going with this has performance implications specifically with pointers.
On a 32-bit machine, pointers can address ~4GB of RAM, where they can address over 16.7 million TB on a 64-bit machine. If you needed to address past 4GB on 32-bit, you would need to compensate for that kind of like how we added a 64-bit number on our 32-bit machine above. You would have many extra clock cycles dedicated to fetching and parsing those wider numbers, whereas those operations go much quicker on a processor that can handle it all in one word.
Also, while increasing the number of bits in an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) will increase propagation delays for most operations, this delay is very manageable in today’s processors (or else we couldn’t keep the same clock speeds as our 32-bit processor variants), and is not much use when discussing digital synchronous circuits (since everything is clocked together, if the propagation delay was too long, the processor would just crash – which is also why there are limits to overclocking).
The bottom line: larger word lengths means we can process more data faster in the processor, which is greatly needed as we advance computing technology. This is why so many instruction set extensions (MMX, SSE, etc…) have been created: to process larger amounts of data in less amount of time.
A larger word length in a processor does not directly increase the performance of the system, but when dealing with larger (or higher precision) values is required, exponential performance gains can be realized. While the average consumer may not notice these increases, they are greatly appreciated in the fields of numeric computing, scientific analysis, video encoding, and encryption/compression.
Post moved to new location on September 28, 2017.
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0.999773 |
"A randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of denosumab for" by Eric Orwoll, Christence S. Teglbjaerg et al.
Context: Men with low bone mineral density (BMD) were treated with denosumab. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the effects of denosumab compared with placebo in men with low BMD after 1 yr of treatment. Design, Subjects, and Intervention: This was a placebo-controlled, phase 3 study to investigate the efficacy and safety of denosumab 60 mg every 6 months vs. placebo in men with low BMD. Main Outcome Measure: The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in lumbar spine (LS) BMD at month 12. Results: Of the 242 randomized subjects (mean age 65 yr), 228 (94.2%) completed 1 yr of denosumab therapy. After 12 months, denosumab resulted in BMD increases of 5.7% at the LS, 2.4% at the total hip, 2.1% at the femoral neck, 3.1% at the trochanter, and 0.6% at the one third radius (adjusted P ≤ 0.0144 for BMD percent differences at all sites compared with placebo). Sensitivity analyses done by controlling for baseline covariates (such as baseline testosterone levels, BMD T-scores, and 10-yr osteoporotic fracture risk) demonstrated that the results of the primary endpoint were robust. Subgroup analyses indicate that treatment with denosumab was effective across a spectrum of clinical situations. Treatment with denosumab significantly reduced serum CTX levels at d 15 (adjusted P < 0.0001). The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups. Conclusions: One year of denosumab therapy in men with low BMD was well tolerated and resulted in a reduction in bone resorption and significant increases in BMD at all skeletal sites assessed.
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0.999919 |
Humans vs robots: Progress or end of humanity?
Sony’s new generation robot dog “aibo” is packed with artificial intelligence and internet capability.
Almost every day, people of influence claim that machines will soon threaten the existence of humanity. According to Stephen Hawking, a well-known cosmologist, "The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race," and Elon Musk, a renowned inventor and investor, insists, "I think human extinction will probably occur, and technology will likely play a part in this."
Several questions come to mind, the biggest one being: Will hostile artificial intelligence (AI) destroy humanity? However, it is more practical to focus on questions and answers that demonstrate the effect robotics have on our current lives.
In order to understand these questions and their possible answers without attaching scientific labels to the stages of industrial and technological development, I would like to offer a simple way of looking at things. There have essentially been three stages of development up to now. The first, putting machines - trucks, ships, winches - to work; the second, making these machines automatic, as seen in the industrial production and autopilot in planes, by designing them to follow pre-calculated and stored patterns; the third, programming these automatic machines to learn and store new patterns. Through the observatory process in stage three, robots and machines would be able to cope with unknown or unexpected situations, such as offering better service for unpredictable consumer behavior or navigating tricky traffic.
Sophia, a robot which is inspired by Audrey Hepburn's features, was the first robot to receive citizenship.
Stage 1 machinery led to unemployment for a significant number of workers, no question about it. However, these jobs were often either too strenuous, impossible or sometimes deadly for humans. Consider logging, transporting heavy items or mining. We should be grateful that these jobs are now primarily done by machines since these jobs often proved more dangerous than productive when performed by people.
However, many more have also lost jobs thanks to stage 2 machines, a robotic trend with no end in sight. The automatization of office-related tasks, food production and services along with robotic assembly lines are some examples. Studies have shown that more than half of all jobs have either already been lost or will be lost to robots within the next 15 years.
The value of human labor is decreasing because the cost of automatic machines is decreasing. This not only affects those who have lost their jobs to machines, but also those who are still working and getting paid less than their grandparents did in the 1950s and 1960s.
So, should we worry that stage 3 machines, robots with intelligence, could deal an even deadlier blow to our well-being? Interestingly, neither Hawking nor Musk has yet to even bring up the topic. From their comfortable seats - since neither of them will lose their jobs to an automaton - they talk about a future in which intelligent robots will find humans completely unnecessary, leading them to dispose of us all.
The significant difference between stages 2 and three robotics is the machines' learning capabilities. If we could understand how that works, we could perhaps fathom what the real, or imagined, future may bring.
Due to the pre-calculated and stored patterns in their memories, stage 2 robots repeatedly perform the same action. For example, the automated machines peel and cut the carrots exactly the same way, every time. If you give the machine a smaller or larger carrot, it will be wasted.
On the other hand, stage 3 machines will first have to learn how to cut different carrots during the learning phase. Some of these learning experiments are performed in a simulated environment where no actual carrot is used. Each carrot-cutting experiment is observed, and a score is assigned to its success level. The algorithmic foundations of machine learning have found that thousands of carrot-cutting experiments would finally configure the computational engine and create a pretty accurate carrot-cutting robot. However, the learning does not stop here, as the robot continues to do its work in the field, it continues to learn.
Acting according to the learned patterns creates a strict form of intelligence. The computer industry has rushed to define it as the intelligence, often implying it is equal to or even better than human intelligence. Certain examples have been exaggerated, for example, a chess program running on a supercomputer named Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov. There is too much commercialism here, and the essence is lost in the dust. There is absolutely no doubt that learning machines will make a big difference. For example, it will make safe self-driving cars a reality. This technology will soon be applied to flying machines too, starting with small delivery drones.
We, as the theoreticians, have not yet fully understood the capabilities of machines that can learn. Though this is perfectly clear: A machine that has learned, stored and used patterns to make decisions is just another form of a programmed machine. We have absolutely no clue how a machine can act independently, either to start learning a completely new set of patterns on its own or choosing to jump in the pattern space from one corner to another. The learning process, on the other hand, may be highly detrimental to the health of the machine. The machine may breakdown several times before it can be an effective enemy to humans.
A set of AI robots taking over humanity is far-fetched. Evolution provided a spectacular opportunity for biological creatures, but this took an extraordinarily long time, several billion years and several extinctions.
However, AI robots are already taking our jobs, particularly those requiring simple cognitive and mechanical skills. This trend continues because engineers know how to make them, and because the captains of the industry worship efficiency and profit.
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0.997642 |
Which is best: extra virgin, virgin, or plain olive oil?
The difference between the olive oils you listed is their acidity level, which affects mostly taste, not nutritional content. Lower acidity oils, such as extra virgin, tend to have more anti-oxidants, but that is not reflected in their classification. Anti-oxidants in olive oil may help prevent heart disease and cancer so sticking with extra virgin seems to make sense. Pomace olive oil is processed with hexane and other solvents just as most seed oils like canola, corn, safflower, soy, etc. This removes many of the minor constituents which may be the healthiest part of this natural product.
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0.999942 |
Tax Rate on Exercising Stock Options Understand the complex tax rules that cover employee stock options.FORM 4: UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities) 1. Title of.
Title: Microsoft Word - 7.1 Stock Ledger and Capitalization Summary (Vertical).doc Created Date: 20140304021146Z.Alan Dye on the Latest Section 16 Developments. price of the preferred stock require reporting on Form 4.How does a stock appreciation right differ from a stock option.
STOCK OPTIONS DE 231SK Rev. 5 (10-12) (INTERNET) Page 1 of 3 CU WHAT ARE EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS.
Stock options are offerred by employers as incentives to employees.Definition: To give someone control over their stock or stock options.
MANTECH INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION Stock Option Grant Policy (as most recently amended on July 31, 2010) A. Every director, officer or owner of more than 10% of a class of equity securities registered.An insider is required to file the Form 4 for all transactions in company stock.
Call Option examples, Call Option definition, trading tips, and everything you need to help the beginning trader. Stock option exercises and nonexempt transactions are reported on Form 4,.Displays all buying and selling activity for company insiders.
Section 221.4 Employee stock option, purchase, and ownership plans.Stock options are the primary form of compensation for CEOs be-.
Shows a New type of employee stock options, which corrects all the problems of the traditional ESOs.The SEC Insider Form 4 report provides the investor with insight into whether corporate insiders are net buyers or sellers of the company stock.The Taxation of Employee Stock Options. on the stock that employees acquire through the exercise of the options.4 1. Nonqualified Stock Options versus Incentive Stock Options Employee stock options generally take one of two forms: nonqualified stock options.An annual report, form G-4, must be filed within thirty days of June 30.Empowering value investors with stock valuation tools, tutorials and resources.Learn How to Use Income Trading with Stock Options to Profit In Any Market Condition. Any exposure whatsoever is a form of financial speculation.
Form 4 is a United States SEC filing that relates to insider trading.
Transaction Summary The Stock Option Plan establishes the framework for a non-qualified stock option plan for employee participation in the equity ownership of the.Form 3921 is a tax form used to provide employees with information relating to incentive stock options that were exercised during the year. Employers.
Understanding Your Options- Sample Stock Option Plan. the execution by the employee of a written instrument in the form specified by the OOC,.
If you sold shares during the calendar year, your brokerage firm will issue IRS.
Effective August 29, 2002, most Form 4 transactions must be reported to the SEC before the end of the second business day following the day on which the transaction.
In finance, an option is a contract which gives the buyer (the owner or holder of the option) the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an.Under Section 16 of the securities laws, senior executives, directors, and large-block.
Updated options chain for Citigroup Inc.- including C option chains with call and put prices, viewable by date.Options are a powerful investing tool in both bull and bear markets.
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0.997684 |
Image classification is a popular area of artificial intelligence. One application of image classification that is already being used in industry is the detection of quality issues on assembly lines during manufacturing. In a typical production line, components travel down the assembly line from one station to another, at the end of which an inspector steps in to look for problems—a manual and error-prone process. AI-driven image classification reduces human effort and automatically classifies images as pass or fail. This improves not only the efficiency of the human operators in the validation process, but also the quality of the overall manufacturing process.
Once you have a homogeneous and organised set of images, the data is read into an analytics engine. Neural networks and transfer learning are good ways to handle image data in AI solutions. Transfer learning lets you use trained models that already know how to classify an image. An existing model may perform a certain task very well—for example, detecting people or cats. However, the task it was trained for probably differs from the specific scenario you are solving for. Retraining an existing model is usually much faster than starting from scratch, so transfer learning substantially shortens the training process. Finally, in image classification, a neural network is sometimes paired with a secondary model to provide the final prediction. For example, a convolutional neural network architecture with 50 hidden layers can be used to process the image. Pair it with a boosted decision tree to classify the image as pass or fail.
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0.971118 |
(CNN) - Young children inevitably have a lot of runny noses and sore throats, but how they clean their hands could cut back on how often they miss day care, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics.
During the eight-month study period, the 911 students had 5,211 respiratory infections that led to 5,186 missed days of day care. The hand sanitizer group missed 3.25 percent of days of day care, followed by the soap and water group, which missed 3.9 percent of days. The group following its usual hand-washing routine missed 4.2 percent of days.
The authors also found that the soap-and-water group had a 21 percent higher risk of contracting a respiratory infection -- runny noses, congestion, coughing and sore throat, for example -- and a 31% higher risk of being prescribed antibiotics than those using hand sanitizer.
There was a 23 percent reduction in respiratory infections among the students using hand sanitizer compared with those in the control group.
"I think that the main contribution of this paper is its focus on really young children in day care," said Dr. Don Goldmann, chief medical and scientific officer emeritus at the Institute of Healthcare Improvement. "I think this does build on previous literature to support the notion that you can reduce the spread of respiratory tract infections in really young kids if you use alcohol hand sanitizer."
"If you were in the Bronx in New York and wanted to implement this program, you probably would need to contact the investigators to understand the specifics of what they did and how they did it," said Goldmann, who is also a part-time professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.
"Hand-washing being a way to prevent infections is not new news anymore, for sure," she said. "We know a lot about the fact that it works. We are paying more attention now to the fact that it's not just washing your hands but how you wash your hands."
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests scrubbing hands for at least 20 seconds when you wash -- "Hum the 'Happy Birthday' song from beginning to end twice," it says -- after wetting hands with running water and applying soap. It suggests lathering the backs of hands, between fingers and under nails. A person should wash their hands before eating food and after blowing their nose, coughing or sneezing, it said.
For hand sanitizer, the CDC suggests applying product to one hand and rubbing it all over surfaces of hands and fingers until they're dry. The CDC notes that "hand sanitizers are not as effective when hands are visibly dirty or greasy,"
"There is a place for alcohol hand sanitizers, and the public may not be aware of how effective they can be," Haas said. "I think people still think of them as 'if you can't get to a sink, this is second best,' but in this study, it showed that it was better than the soap and water hand-washing for this group."
"They have to be used with supervision," Haas said, "because the caveat here is that you can't have little kids putting that in their mouth and possibly getting alcohol intoxication."
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0.999855 |
So yesterday the boy and I were on the way to school and I told him that my birthday was coming up soon. Below is the conversation that followed.
Mommy: My birthday's coming soon!
Mommy: Are you gonna get me a present?
Mommy: What are you going to get me?
The Boy: Uh huh...a pink hulk!
What a sweet boy! Love seeing another post by you! Happy Birthday early!
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0.935096 |
Penguins are birds that have lost their ability to fly and have their wings transformed into fins to be able to swim, which is why in antiquity they were thought to be fish. They have thick layers of fat that repel the water and insulate them from the cold. They also have a thick layer of feathers amongst which they hold warm air from their body heat. The fact that they have light bellies and dark backs is a camouflage system to allow them to blend in with the sunlight or the darkness of the bed when they are in the water. Young Humboldt penguins have silver coloured bellies, whereas adults have white bellies with an arched black strip.
These birds nest in small colonies and build their nests in caves or holes.
They feed on fish, squid and small crustaceans that form part of the plankton. When they dive, the Humboldt penguins reach depths of 70 m and swim at 45 km/h.
Penguins are monogamous animals, that is, they form stable couples. They have a single partner they preserve throughout their lives, building nests and laying 2 eggs they incubate for 6 weeks.
It lives on rocky coasts and islands with cliffs.
The Humboldt penguins lives along the coasts of Chile and Peru between 5 and 33º latitude south.
A species considered vulnerable (according to the red list of endangered species).
The sounds made by penguins remind us of donkeys calling.
What do you think they are doing when they rub their beaks against their bodies? They do this because at the base of their tail they have a gland that produces a fat they spread on their feathers with their beak to weatherproof them and thus form an insulating layer that keeps the air warm between their skin and feathers.
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0.998935 |
Q: A member whose standard work day is 8 hours works 40 hours each week during a month that has 4 weekly pay periods. How many days should I report that she worked?
A: You would report 20 days on the monthly report.
Divide the total hours worked in the month (160) by the hours in the standard work day (8) to determine the number of days to report (20).
Q: One of my employees worked 119 hours this month, and I use a 6 hour standard workday. How many days should I report that he worked?
A: 19.84 days. The number of days worked, 19.8333 should be rounded up to 19.84.
Q: An employee whose position has a 6 hour standard work day works 6 hours a day for 10 days, and 3 hours a day for 8 days during the reporting period. How many days should be shown on the monthly report?
A: You would report 14 days.
Divide the total hours worked (84) by the standard work day (6) to determine the number of days to report (14).
Q: A member who is paid on a bi-weekly basis and whose standard work day is 6 hours worked thirteen 4 hour days and used 28 hours of accrued leave during a month. How many days should be shown on the monthly report?
13 days × 4 hours each day = 52 hours + 28 hours of accrued leave = 80 total hours.
Divide the total hours worked (80) by the standard work day (6) to determine the number of days to report (13.34 − 13.33 rounded up to 13.34).
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0.999999 |
The inflation rate in Indonesia between 1975 and today has been 5,660.77%, which translates into a total increase of Rp5,660.77. This means that 100 ruphias in 1975 are equivalent to 5,760.77 ruphias in 2019. In other words, the purchasing power of Rp100 in 1975 equals Rp5,760.77 today. The average annual inflation rate has been 9.43%.
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0.999429 |
What Kind of Experiences Do American Tourists Look For When Traveling to Costa Rica?
American tourists who want to come to Costa Rica mainly seek experiences in adventure tourism, pleasure, and ecotourism. This was demonstrated in the survey of more than 460 travel agents during the Proimagen Seminars held during 2017 in the main cities of the East Coast (Washington, Philadelphia, and Boston) and West (San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego).
The survey contributes to valuable information for the development of work plans in the private sector and in the marketing strategies of the country directed by the Costa Rican Tourism Institute (ICT).
Adventure (23%): According to the prestigious Network of Luxury Travel Agents: Virtuoso; Costa Rica is in the top 3 of emerging adventure destinations in the world and consider that other countries in Latin America (Peru, Chile, and Cuba) regionally offer the perfect mix between nature and culture that the current traveler is looking for. Costa Rica, for its part, has a wide range of adventure tourism, including hiking, nature walks, cycling, kayaking, horseback riding, tubing, sport fishing, photography, diving, snorkeling, canopy, rafting, rappelling among others, which It allows the adventurer to enjoy the adrenaline in areas such as Rincón de la Vieja, Arenal, and many other places along the country.
Pleasure (21%): Looking for authentic experiences during your vacation, today’s travelers no longer wish to just rest or sunbathe. They hope to learn something new in the destinations they visit and integrate with the community. Talef Rifai, Secretary General of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), recommends for this reason to Costa Rica to strategically enter the cultural tourism market and creatively, make the most of our idiosyncrasy and folklore, incorporating them in each of the vacation experiences of our American visitors.
Ecotourism (17%): According to the National Geographic magazine, the Osa Peninsula is the most intense place in biodiversity in the world, and more and more ecotourism lovers visit this and many other sustainable destinations, such as Tortuguero, Turrialba, Sarapiquí, and Monteverde, among others. One of the favorite niches of ecotourism, it is currently the observation of birds, since in Costa Rica you can see more than 900 species of birds, and their sighting coincides strategically with the months of the green season, according to Sergio Arias, expert Costa Rican ornithologist.
In addition, the experiences of “Luxury” (16%), “Romance” (15%), and an increasing tendency of “Gastronomy” (8%) continue in the travelers’ order of preference. Apart from seeking innovation through these relevant market segments, it is extremely important to strengthen national and tourist security, which is key for the incoming government. It should reinforce and coordinate the different institutions for the training and execution of various multi-sectoral actions. Indeed, insecurity is one of the strongest detractors of tourism activity.
Currently, both Proimagen and ICT invest in the main international destinations, based on relevant studies and statistics such as the “Best Prospects” of Travel Styles, which analyzes the international cities where people with the greatest potential to visit Costa Rica are located.
In these cities, the ICT is in charge of promoting marketing campaigns and attending tourism promotion fairs, while Proimagen, as its right arm, strengthens the institutional work of promotion through the organization of executive seminars to train travel agents and the organization of familiarization trips, in order that these agents can come to know the product and tourist offer of Costa Rica.
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0.954553 |
Functions to validate user input.
valid_email_address includes/common.inc Verifies the syntax of the given e-mail address.
valid_url includes/common.inc Verifies the syntax of the given URL.
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0.963651 |
Who doesn't like peanut butter and chocolate? I wanted a biscotti that reminded me of a peanut butter cup. Not layered or a peanut butter cookie coated with chocolate, but a peanut butter cup. This took a bit of patience and a little extra work, but the result was worth it.
Chocolate dough: In a medium bowl, mix together flour, baking powder, salt, and cocoa. Set aside.
Add eggs one at a time; mixing well after each addition.
Add 1/3 of the flour mixture at a time to the creamed mixture mixing well after each addition.
For peanut butter dough: In a medium bowl, mix together flour, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
Cream together peanut butter and sugar.
Mix in 1/3 of flour mixture at a time, mixing well after each addition. Note: You may not have to add all of the flour. Dough will be dry.
If it is too dry and crumbly, knead in a tablespoon (more or less) of water until the dough just comes together.
Divide both the chocolate and the peanut butter dough into 2 equal halves.
On a floured surface (I use cocoa), shape half of the chocolate dough into a flat rectangle, about 15 inches long and 5 inches wide.
Shape peanut butter dough into a log, a little shorter than the chocolate log, and about 2-3 inches wide.
Place in the middle of the chocolate log and gently fold the chocolate dough up over the peanut butter dough.
You want to wrap the peanut butter dough completely with the chocolate dough. Repeat with the other dough.
Place the 2 logs on a parchment lined baking sheet.
Flatten slightly. You want a log about 15 inches long, 4 inches wide and 1 - 1 1/2 inches high.
Bake 30 - 35 minutes in a 350 degree oven.
Remove from oven to a cooling rack and cool for 10 minutes. Reduce oven temperature to 325 degrees.
Slice diagonally into 1/2" - 3/4" slices.
Place slices on a parchment lined baking sheet and bake a second time for 20-25 minutes.
Remove from baking sheet to a cooling rack and cool completely.
Melt coating chocolate according to package directions.
Coat one side of cooled biscotti with the chocolate.
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0.963988 |
Do Priests change their minds about celibacy?
The conclave at which JPII was elected petitioned the future Pope to tighten up on the procedure for dispensations from priestly and religious commitments. So whoever it had been would have been bound by an express wish of the College of Cardinals.
JPII started out with an extremely tight policy on this, but it has been revised several times already. For quite some time now, it has been more liberal than ever since 1978.
Why 40? Apparently, several cases had seen younger petitioners later change their minds. It is not an arbitrary age, exactly, but someone had to draw a line of demarcation somewhere. It is agreed by those who count in such matters that 40 consitutes a kind of psychological watershed which will not guarantee but favour more mature decisions.
That is all there is to it, I think, except to say that all this can change at any time. As I have said before, it is a question of convincing Bishps' Conferences, individual Cardinals or the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments that it is an issue worth discussing.
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0.999054 |
Nuneaton paraded some of the stars of yesteryear before what was billed as the biggest game in their history.
But now the team of 2006 will surely be remembered for the greatest display in Borough's 69-year existence.
It was not just the fact that they earned financial salvation with a replay at Riverside a week tomorrow, but it would have been the biggest injustice since Maradona's Hand of God if they had not booked a second meeting with Middlesbrough's Premiership stars.
Instead it was the foot of Gez - after the hand of Southgate - that earned the most dramatic of conclusions to a rip-roaring contest.
Former Aston Villa defender Gareth Southgate had escaped one earlier appeal when he bundled over Mark Noon early in the second half but he was not so fortunate when Michael Frew whipped in a left-wing cross in the 89th minute and the ball hit Southgate's thigh and then hand.
Suddenly the penalty award became the richest single kick in the club's history but amid the cauldron of expectation from a sell-out 6,000 crowd, top scorer Gez Murphy showed ice-cool calmness to slot home an equal-iser worth around £250,000.
Such a figure barely pays for a Middlesbrough player's winter wardrobe but it was rags to riches for the Nationwide North side.
"Days like this and matches like this show the fairytale of the FA Cup," said defender Terry Angus. "We will enjoy it for the rest of our lives."
Fellow centre-back and skipper Neil Moore added: "What we have achieved today is absolutely amazing because people didn't give us a chance. But every player in a Nuneaton shirt has been a hero today."
And no one, least of all Southgate, could suggest Roger Ashby's side did not deserve it.
"It's Nuneaton's day - they were worthy of a draw," he said.
End summed it up with a chorus of "Premiership? You're having a laugh!"
Murphy, goalkeeper Darren Acton and winger Stuart Whittaker - the three brightest lights in a sparkling display - and the rest of Boro's braves will be smiling all the way up the A1(M).
Murphy's all-action approach up-front never gave Southgate a moment's rest and the striker, Nuneaton born-and-bred, could have finished with a hat-trick. Within two minutes, he latched on to Brian Quailey's clever pass but visitors keeper Brad Jones blocked at the near post and then the Australian shot-stopper was well-placed to gather a side-footed 20-yarder.
Jones had to be at his best to flip over a stinging Murphy drive with his finger-tips and also turn away a dipping volley from the elusive Whittaker.
Yet it was Middlesbrough who led at the interval after a moment of brilliance from Gaizka Mendieta. A rash challenge by Angus flattened Yakubu 25 yards from goal on the quarter-hour mark and the Spaniard, a former European Cup finalist, wreaked his revenge with a swirling free-kick that gave keeper Acton no chance.
Acton, though, then rescued Nuneaton with three saves combining bravery and agility. He raced from his line to deny James Morrison when he cut in from the right and then saved from Yakubu after Rob Oddy's error let in the £7 million striker before he was equal to a breakaway chance from Stuart Parnaby.
But Middlesbrough barely registered an attack in the second half as the hosts pegged them back inside their own half.
Jones parried Whittaker's 20-yard, Moore headed over and then Southgate seemed to clip Noon's ankle as he controlled Oddy's right-wing cross but referee Mike Dean ignored the penalty appeals that could be heard right across Warwickshire.
When Micky Love rifled a long-range effort just over, it seemed Boro had held on. But Nuneaton's FA Cup run has been typified by back-from-the-brink results - three previous games had been saved by last-minute goals - and a Middlesbrough team including six internationals found themselves in the same company as Histon, Tiverton and Chelmsford.
Justice was done when Southgate was punished and Murphy tucked away his 13th goal of the season by sending Jones the wrong way with his spot-kick. Not even George Eliot, the Victorian novelist from Nuneaton, could have imagined such magical moments and romance.
Ashby said: "I know it's a draw but it feels like a win. It's my proudest moment in football."
Nuneaton's entire squad would echo that sentiment.
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0.999994 |
When is Arbor Day in 2019?
Arbor Day in 2019 is on the Tuesday, 12th of Mar (3/12/2019).
Arbor Day is on the 71th day of 2019. There are 294 days left in the year.
Arbor Day originated in Nebraska, United States, in 1872 as a day observed for planting of trees. This day derives its name from the word "Arbor" in Latin which means "Tree". The popularity of the day soon caught the fancy of the world, and the day began to be celebrated on different days under different names in various parts of the world. It was in 1927 that the Republic of China began celebrating this day as a holiday while the People's Republic of China began celebrating this day in 1981. Arbor Day is celebrated in China on March 12 every year.
It was in 1914 that agricultural college's founder in Nanking University sent to the suggestion to the relevant ministries in Republic of China to emulate the US and celebrate this day. However, the proposal was not taken seriously then and was rejected. After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who was known to promote forestation actively, the Agriculture Ministry of the Republic of China purported March 12 to be celebrated as Arbor Day in the memory of Dr. Sun.
It was only in 1981 that Mainland China adopted this day. It was done after a major campaign to plant trees in the country was mooted by the authorities. Under the idea, it was suggested that everyone capable of labor should plant at least 2-3 trees every year. The day is a public holiday in China and people plant trees on this day. The people of China celebrate this day by planting trees in their home gardens or by the roadside.
Various non-profit organizations also launch massive tree planting programs on this day, which is often attended by school and college students. Of late, given the special focus on environment and pollution, the young population of China can be seen celebrating the day with great passion as they plant trees across various parts of the country. Some cities in China also have their own local Arbor Day or Arbor week in order to plant trees specific to their climate and soil.
Various renditions of the Arbor Day are celebrated around the world like the "Van Mahotsava" in India, the "National Tree Planting Day" in Australia and Iran, "Maple Leaf Day" in Canada etc. The day is also celebrated in Egypt, Germany, Japan and many other parts of the world, albeit on different dates.
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While the most famous "Imperials" of the 50s was, of course, Little Anthony's group, there were others. For example, a group by that name, from the New York area, appeared on Derby and Savoy. But the subject of this article is the Detroit Imperials, who recorded for Great Lakes Records.
Formed in early 1951, when most of the members were 13 or 14, this aggregation of music buffs was originally called the Bobbaleers (taken from the Orioles' "Barbra Lee," which they used as a theme song). Says Milton, "We started out as a bunch of kids singing in the choir at Sherrard Middle School." And a bunch they were (a big bunch!): the original group consisted of Milton Harris (lead tenor), William "Mickey" Stevenson (lead tenor), William "Spoon" Weatherspoon (tenor), Robert Adams (baritone and tenor), Lee Goodwin (second tenor and baritone), Ben Knight (bass), Margaret Haynes (soprano), Helen Ivory (alto), and Geraldine Davenport (alto). In case you've lost count, there were nine of them (a nonet).
They practiced songs that Milton wrote and, of course, "whatever was the current thing," including songs by the Dominoes, Orioles, Clovers, Ravens, Fats Domino, and Lloyd Price. Then there were the local Detroit acts, like the Royals (of course, they later did numbers by the Midnighters). Detroit's Serenaders figured in there too; according to Milton, "the Serenaders were our biggest competition."
As time went on, they found that there were a lot of inconveniences involved in getting nine singers to show up at rehearsals. Thus, Margaret, Helen and Geraldine were dropped. Actually, there was another reason: "We couldn't concentrate with the girls around." Whatever the reason, this left a more manageable sextet. And they loved to sing: "We'd sneak off to the bathroom after choir practice and 'hit a note' every chance we got. We sang to get recognition. We had no concept of commerciality."
One night, when Dinah Washington was playing at the Flame Show Bar, the Bobbaleers decided to go down there and sing in front of the place. This caught the attention of Phil Waddell, who told them to contact him and eventually became their manager. Who was Phil Waddell? "He was an entertainer, billed as 'Mr. Table And Chairs,' for his ability to lift these items with his teeth. [Quick, call Ed Sullivan!] Phil lived in the Fairbain Hotel and did artist bookings on the side. He was a hustler."
Waddell quickly took charge of the group. The first thing he did was suggest a name change. Thus, the Bobbaleers now became the Teen Toppers. "We would visit him [Waddell] about once a week to check on bookings or possible engagements. This is how we found out about the Great Lakes recording studio, which was being constructed in the former ballroom of the hotel." But Great Lakes wasn't their initial choice: "We went to Fortune first, but we didn't like the songs that they wanted us to do."
But soon the Teen Toppers would shrink in size too. William Weatherspoon transferred to a different school and left because he had trouble making rehearsals. Then, a few months later, Mickey Stevenson left also; he too was from a different neighborhood. Mickey was two years older than the rest, and soon enlisted in the army. ("Mickey couldn't really sing. He could only hold a monotone note, not necessarily on key." Don't feel sorry for Mickey, however, you'll see what happened to him later on.) So at last there were four. The Teen Toppers were now Milton Harris, Robert Adams, Lee Goodwin, and Ben Knight.
The Bobbaleers had only performed at Sherrard Middle School. The Teen Toppers (and later on the Imperials) did the rounds of Detroit's talent shows, appearing at the Warfield, Arcadia, Booker T, Echo, Apollo (the Detroit version), and Rogers Theaters (but never the Paradise). "We became the premier group," says Milton. They played benefits, shows for social groups, shows at school, and the YMCA. There were also appearances at the Chesterfield Lounge, the Sugar Hill Lounge, the Garfield Lounge, the Greystone Ballroom, the Madison Ballroom, the Lee Club Sensation, and the famed Flame Show Bar. As part of their act, they danced the Chicken (a dance that, for years, was very popular in the midwest). But not today: "I'd be on crutches in the morning," says Lee. "We were 15, 16 years old when we were singing."
One day, while the Teen Toppers were appearing at the Greystone Ballroom (with pianist Earl Van Dyke's orchestra and Andre Williams & the 5 Dollars), they met Tony Vance (who had a record shop near the Flame Show Bar). He also seems to have been part owner of the newly-formed Great Lakes label, along with Kenneth Campbell (a former recording engineer for Fortune Records), and possibly promotion manager Ray Gahan. The Imperials met both Campbell and Gahan occasionally, but "all of our business and recording contacts were with Tony. He said he wanted to record us." Vance became their new manager (he also managed Della Reese for a while), and introduced them to bandleader/singer Isaac Saxton "Sax" Kari.
Initially, their parents had no interest in what they were doing, because it wasn't gospel. But when Tony Vance came along, there were contracts to be signed, and then their parents began to take a bit of an interest in things. Lee remembers that "We were children without parental supervision and support, and that made a big difference."
The Teen Toppers were almost ready, but Tony Vance wasn't happy with their name. As he reminded them, they wouldn't be teenagers forever. Tony happened to own a Chrysler Imperial, and that's what inspired their new name. "One day, while we were leaving the recording studio [the "Campbell Recording Company"], which was located in the former ballroom of the Fairbain Hotel on Columbia Street [in the "Paradise Valley" section of Detroit], Tony's brand-new, big, big, beautiful blue Chrysler Imperial was parked near the front entrance. It was a fantastic car. Robert and I, being car enthusiasts, marveled at the beauty of the car, and we decided to call ourselves the Imperials. Tony had rejected some previous names we'd submitted, and, wanting to secure our opportunity to record, we were eager to find a name that would be acceptable. What better name to present for approval than "Imperial"? For we felt that anyone who liked a car well enough to buy one, surely wouldn't have a problem with a name associated with that car. After a brief discussion with Ben and Lee, we all concurred that this was a name Tony couldn't refuse. And we were right! Tony readily gave his approval. We didn't even know what the word meant!"
There was a press release in November 1953, that claimed the first Great Lakes release would be issued on December 8, pairing two of the company's artists: pop singer Don Sebastian and the Imperials. No other details were given and the recordings were never made. Both acts recorded separately for Great Lakes, but never together.
The press release also trumpeted the signing of Sax Kari's Orchestra (with femme singer Gloria Irving), Della Reese, Debbie Andrews, Jimmy Hamilton's Ellington Big Eight, Sonny Johnson's Octet, Kenny Burrell, Cha Cha Hogan, and the Mello-Larks. (While only Kari, Irving, and Reese ever appeared on Great Lakes, most of the rest had releases on other labels.) The company personnel were reported to be: Kenneth Campbell (president), Tony Vance (a&r for pop and jazz), Sax Kari (a&r for R&B), and Ray Gahan (promotions). The label would be distributed through United Distributors.
The Imperials' first recording session probably took place in October 1953, in the newly-built studio. Right after Della Reese's session (they remember her doing "Stormy Weather"), they waxed a few tunes that Milton Harris had written: "Life Of Ease" (which Milton says owes a few of its lyrics to "Sixty Minute Man"), "It Won't Be Very Long," and "Starlite," as well as the old Basin Street Boys tune, "I Sold My Heart To The Junkman." (All Imperials leads were by Milton.) It took six to eight hours to get these tunes recorded (and they'd first started about 11:30 pm!). Another song that they recorded, at an unknown date, was "Do I Love Her."
On the session, they were backed up by Sax Kari and His Ballin' The Blues Band. Although Milton had written the songs, by the time the records were pressed, Kari had had his name added to the writer credits.
Although it would seem that while the Imperials were in the studio, they would have been used as the group that backed up Kari (and Gloria Irving) on the rocking and bawdy "Geneva And Johnny," when the guys listened to a tape of the song, they all agreed that the group wasn't the Imperials. "We have no recollection of being present during this recording." The identity of the group remains a mystery (possibly it's the Mello-Larks).
Released in January 1954, "Life Of Ease" and "It Won't Be Very Long" were reviewed the week of January 23, both receiving mediocre ratings. Other records reviewed that week were: the 5 Royales' "Good Thing," Roy Brown's "Lonesome Lover," Lula Reed's "Your Key Don't Fit No More," and the Platters' "I'll Cry When You're Gone."
"'Life Of Ease' was our biggest hit," says Milton. "It was big in Detroit and also San Antonio." In fact, the song remained on the local charts for months, at least through May. And at least someone made money off it: "February was Mardi Gras time, and there were pictures, in Jet, of Tony Vance, down in New Orleans, spending our money."
In late February, Roy Hamilton's dramatic version of "You'll Never Walk Alone" (from Rogers and Hammerstein's 1945 musical Carousel) entered the national R&B charts, where it would stay for the next 20 weeks (including 8 weeks at #1). Tony Vance, deciding that the Imperials would make a great crossover group, handed them the pop tune to cover. "We threw it together at the studio. We arranged it. We kicked it around for 30 to 40 minutes in the bathroom. It wasn't an arrangement that would have been expected of some children, some kids. It brought us up; a big jump."
Thus, sometime in the spring (between April 27 and May 9), the Imperials waxed "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Ain't Gonna Tell It Right" (a song written by someone named "Hunt," whom no one remembers). There were other songs cut along the way too, including "Senorita." Once again, Kari played tenor sax, with Milt Buckner on piano, Willie Dixon on bass, and two other musicians named Brock (bongos) and "Big Red" (sax).
"You'll Never Walk Alone" was very nicely done, with good use of an echo effect. However, the record does not seem to have been reviewed, and it's not certain exactly when, in the spring of 1954, it was released. Probably Roy Hamilton's version was such a runaway hit that nothing could have competed with it anyway.
Even though big changes were brewing at Great Lakes, they continued to sign up talent. In March 1954, it was announced that the Three Chuckles, pop singer Kathy Lewis, and blues singer Bob White had been pacted by the label.
With two records out, you'd think that the Imperials would have gotten better bookings, but they continued to play talent shows and other low- or no-paying gigs. "We had one opportunity to go out of town, but it didn't materialize," says Milton. Opportunities were limited for the Imperials because they were so young. "We were ripe for the picking. We did most of the bookings on our own, and mostly not for money." They did manage to appear, along with Red Prysock, on Ed "Jack The Bellboy" McKenzie's Saturday morning TV show on WXYZ (channel 7). [McKenzie was one of the first to ban the song "Such A Night" from airplay. There were three versions-by local singer Johnny Ray, Bunny Paul, and the Drifters-and McKenzie got a lot of protests from parents regarding the song's suggestive contents. Therefore, in mid-March 1954, he stopped playing all the versions, in spite of heavy requests from his teenage audience.] There were also appearances on radio stations WCAR and WJLB (Detroit's premier R&B station, with "Senator" Bristoe Bryant, "Rockin'" Leroy White, and "Frantic" Ernie Durham, all of whom spun the Imperials' records).
On girls: "You couldn't let the girls go to your head," says Lee. "If they were swooning over you tonight, they'd be swooning over someone else tomorrow night." On other local groups: "They were jumping out of the balcony for the 5 Dollars. The 5 Dollars couldn't sing a lick, but they had showmanship." And: "We'd run Smokey right off stage. His group could never sing. But they came along at the right time 'cause we had nothing else to listen to."
Unbeknownst to the Imperials, upheavals were taking place behind the scenes. In July 1954, it was announced that Great Lakes prez Kenneth Campbell and promotion man Ray Gahan (who was all of 22 at the time) would team up as owners of two new labels, Boulevard and Avenue (both to be located at 927 Vernier Road in Grosse Point, Michigan). The Great Lakes label then quietly went out of business.
After this, things started going downhill for the Imperials. First, they lost contact with Tony Vance. Then there was no money coming in, even when they did manage to make an appearance somewhere. "We did not make a dime; not a nickel." Eventually, in mid-55, Ben Knight joined Stanley Mitchell's Tornados and, in 1956, Lee Goodwin went into the service.
Around 1960, Ben would spend some time with the Falcons, as a replacement for Willie Schofield, but none of the others continued singing in any groups. (Milton performed as a solo artist and also did songwriting, production, arranging, and orchestration for other artists.) When Mickey Stevenson (remember him from early on?) got out of the service, he went to work for Motown, ending up as chief a&r man there (along the way, he also managed to write a few songs: "Beechwood 4-5789," "Stubborn Kind Of Fellow," "Pride And Joy," "Devil With The Blue Dress," "Dancing In The Street," and "It Takes Two"); he would also marry Motown artist Kim Weston. William Weatherspoon (another of the old Teen Toppers bunch) also ended up at Motown (after being a part of Stanley Mitchell's Tornados), as a writer and producer; his credits include Jimmy Ruffin's "What Becomes Of The Brokenhearted."
Today, Milton Harris, Robert Adams, and Ben Knight still live in Detroit. Milton is still active in writing, arranging, and producing, while Ben occasionally does background bass for various groups. Lee Goodwin, a minister, recently moved to Selma, Alabama.
Blame their lack of success on their youth. The Imperials couldn't do extensive performing, because they were still in school. They were so young that no one saw any great reason to pay them for their performances. They did a nice cover of a record that had already become a tremendous hit, ensuring that theirs would get lost in the shuffle. Then they had lousy management and their record company dissolved behind their collective back. Even if you have carloads of talent, many times it just isn't enough.
I think it is safe to say that during our brief, but fruitful, existence we inspired, motivated, and encouraged future Detroit singing groups and individuals, prior to the advent of Motown. Perhaps it will never be validated, but I believe that what we accomplished is still a part of the music/group entertainment legacy of Detroit. For the Imperials were one of the first (if not the first) black Rhythm & Blues groups in Detroit to have a recording that was a major local hit of influence. We loved to sing. Not for money, fortune, or fame, but for the joy of singing, competing, and being together in harmony with one another as friends. Outside of singing, we genuinely liked each other; that made the difference. In retrospect, the reward which never accrued to us in a tangible way has been granted to us through our memory and reflections of what we did and what we might have done. It's the common thread which still binds us together.
Special thanks to Tony Tisovec. Milton wishes to express a debt of gratitude to "Mrs. Goodwill, for preserving the photographs and other artifacts which we forgot to treasure."
NOTE: While records 1206-1211 aren't known, their master numbers would, had the series continued, have ended with M-119 and M-120 for record #1211. The missing records either were issued or at least planned to the point where master numbers had been assigned (Great Lakes was one of those companies that assigned master numbers at pressing time). Since Milton and Lee provided me with copies of the labels for the unreleased "Starlite" and "Do I Love Her," this theory seems to hold true. The non-series master numbers for 1203 probably indicate that the sides were purchased.
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Dress up Princess Elisa for her holiday in Thailand! The princess is so excited about this trip. She's been staying for too long in Arendelle, and now she wants to spend some time in the exotic Thailand. She never visited this part of the world so this trip is going to be a wonderful and unforgettable one!
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Ribeye roast is a prime rib with the bones cut off. I love the big, meaty flavor of ribeye, and I was curious how it would turn out without the bones. I love the big, meaty flavor of ribeye, and I was curious how it would turn out without the bones.
There are several advantages to cooking a bone-in beef rib roast: Fat and connective tissue that surround the bones add moisture and flavor to the meat as it breaks down during cooking. Rich flavor from bone marrow may migrate into the meat during cooking.
It can be used as a roast or cut into rib eye steaks by the butcher or the cook. It is an expensive, prime cut best served rare to medium-rare. Overcooking can result in dry, tough meat. It is an expensive, prime cut best served rare to medium-rare.
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Write a C program to implement stack data structure with push and pop operation. In this post I will explain stack implementation using array in C language.
In my previous data structures examples, we learnt about Linked List (singly, doubly and circular). Here, in this post we will learn about stack implementation using array in C language.
Stack is a LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure. It allows us to insert and remove an element in special order. Stack allows element addition and removal from the top of stack.
In this post I will explain the stack creation, push and pop operations using array in C language. Following are the operations we generally perform on stack data structure.
How to create stack data structure using array?
The above code creates a stack of integer. Where SIZE is the capacity of stack.
As you know stack follows the concept of LIFO. Hence, we will need a variable to keep track of top element. Let, us declare a variable top to keep track of top element.
In the above code I have initialized top with -1. Which means there are no elements in stack.
How to push elements to stack?
Inserting/Adding a new element to stack is referred as Push operation in stack. Step by step descriptive logic to push element to stack.
If stack is out of capacity i.e. top >= SIZE, then throw "Stack Overflow" error. Otherwise move to below step.
Increment top by one and push new element to stack using stack[++top] = data; (where data is the new element).
How to pop elements from stack?
Removing an element from stack is referred as Pop operation in stack. Step by step descriptive logic to pop element from stack.
If top < 0, then throw "Stack is Empty" error. Otherwise move down to below step.
Return the top most element from stack and decrement top by one. Say return stack[top--];.
How to find size of stack?
Unlike linked list and other data structures. Finding size of stack is straightforward. Size of stack is represented by top. Since we have initialized top = -1;, hence size of stack will be top + 1.
Note: Element are always pushed/added on top of stack. And elements are always popped/removed from top of stack.
The above image represents stack of cups. You can only add or remove from the top of stack.
* Stack implementation using array in C language.
* Functiont to push a new element in stack.
* Function to pop element from top of stack.
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What’s the difference between paperboard and cardboard?
Most people refer to cardboard when they mean corrugated materials. Fibreboard is solid, laminated paper without the fluting and provides increased strength and water resistant properties.
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How many times a day do we say the word “sorry”? Personally, I hear and say that word so many times each day it's as if the word spits itself out, capitalizing on my filterless mouth and making an appearance in the most mundane moments. While flippant apologies can seem disingenuous when used to dismiss irritating behavior or unacceptable rhetoric (I’m looking at you, every politician ever), excessive apologizing can be just as damaging.
“I’m sorry”. We use the apologetic expression in many scenarios, but before we dish out the tear-filled looks and remorseful words, we should ask ourselves what it is we’re apologizing for. In some instances, an apology is certainly justified and even necessary, like when knocking over someone on the street. But when we start appropriating the use of ‘sorry’ for things like taking your time on a test or having a bad hair day, we start to become habituated to its unnecessary use. Getting so used to those three syllables tumbling out our mouths can be dangerous and damaging to self-confidence.
Saying “I’m Sorry” is also often misused as a means of gratitude. When we are thankful someone has completed a task that was potentially meant for us, we jump at the chance to apologize and justify our failure to do it. But before you apologize to your partner about forgetting to fold that pesky pile of laundry, thank them instead for stepping up to a task that needed attention.
Additionally, being overly apologetic can have occupational consequences. While many of us would rather be revered as polite and respectful rather than dismissive or selfish, there are scenarios and individuals who interpret an apology as a sign of weakness. And while admitting simple mistakes shouldn't be viewed as such a power diminishing move, being overly apologetic can be conflated with vulnerability and uncertainty-- a confusion that could be detrimental in professional settings.
Did my actions harm another person, physical or otherwise?
Did my actions infringe on the perception of my character?
Did I perform actions with a malicious intention?
Will interactions and relationships be damaged without an apology?
Will an apology reduce my agency and authority as an individual?
Explain frustration or other emotions that resulted in your behavior. Your feelings are valid -- keep that in mind!
It's easy to slip into the habit of apologizing for everything. Hopefully, these tips will help you stop the next unnecessary "I'm sorry" before it tumbles out of your mouth -- or at least replace it with something much more effective.
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The word whisky (or whiskey) is an anglicisation of the Classical Gaelic word uisce (or uisge) meaning "water" (now written as uisce in Irish Gaelic, and uisge in Scottish Gaelic). Distilled alcohol was known in Latin as aqua vitae ("water of life"). This was translated to Classical Gaelic as Irish: uisce beatha/Scottish Gaelic: uisge beatha "water of life". Early forms of the word in English included uskebeaghe (1581), usquebaugh (1610), usquebath (1621), and usquebae (1715).
Much is made of the word's two spellings: whisky and whiskey. There are two schools of thought on the issue. One is that the spelling difference is simply a matter of regional language convention for the spelling of a word, indicating that the spelling varies depending on the intended audience or the background or personal preferences of the writer (like the difference between color and colour; or recognize and recognise), and the other is that the spelling should depend on the style or origin of the spirit being described. There is general agreement that when quoting the proper name printed on a label, the spelling on the label should not be altered. Some writers refer to "whisk(e)y" or "whisky/whiskey" to acknowledge the variation.
The art of distillation spread to Ireland and Scotland no later than the 15th century, as did the common European practice of distilling "aqua vitae" or spirit alcohol primarily for medicinal purposes. The practice of medicinal distillation eventually passed from a monastic setting to the secular via professional medical practitioners of the time, The Guild of Surgeon Barbers. The earliest Irish mention of whisky comes from the seventeenth-century Annals of Clonmacnoise, which attributes the death of a chieftain in 1405 to "taking a surfeit of aqua vitae" at Christmas. In Scotland, the first evidence of whisky production comes from an entry in the Exchequer Rolls for 1494 where malt is sent "To Friar John Cor, by order of the king, to make aquavitae", enough to make about 500 bottles.
While aging in wooden casks, especially American oak and French oak casks, whisky undergoes six processes that contribute to its final flavor: extraction, evaporation, oxidation, concentration, filtration, and colouration.
By Canadian law Canadian whiskies must be produced and aged in Canada, be distilled from a fermented mash of cereal grain, be aged in wood barrels with a capacity limit of 700 litres (185 US gal; 154 imp gal) for not less than three years, and "possess the aroma, taste and character generally attributed to Canadian whisky". The terms "Canadian Whisky", "Rye Whisky", and "Canadian Rye Whisky" are legally indistinguishable in Canada and do not require any specific grain in their production and are often blends of two or more grains. Canadian whiskies may contain caramel and flavouring in addition to the distilled mash spirits, and there is no maximum limit on the alcohol level of the distillation. To be exported under one of the "Canadian Whisky" designations, a whisky cannot contain more than 9.09% imported spirits.
Whiskies and other distilled beverages, such as cognac and rum, are complex beverages that contain a vast range of flavouring compounds, of which some 200 to 300 are easily detected by chemical analysis. The flavouring chemicals include "carbonyl compounds, alcohols, carboxylic acids and their esters, nitrogen- and sulphur-containing compounds, tannins, and other polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds" and esters of fatty acids. The nitrogen compounds include pyridines, picolines and pyrazines.
↑ Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition: "In modern trade usage, Scotch whisky and Irish whiskey are thus distinguished in spelling; 'whisky' is the usual spelling in Britain and 'whiskey' that in the U.S."
↑ New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, entries for "usquebaugh" and "whisky".
1 2 3 Cowdery, Charles K. (24 February 2009). "Why Spelling Matters". The Chuck Cowdery Blog.
1 2 3 Cowdery, Charles K. (11 February 2009). "New York Times Buckles To Pressure From Scotch Snobs". The Chuck Cowdery Blog.
↑ Zandona, Eric; et al. A World Guide to Whisk(e)y Distilleries. Hayward: White Mule Press. ISBN 0983638942.
↑ Zandona, Eric. "Whiskey vs Whisky Series". EZdrinking. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
↑ Zandona, Eric. "Whiskey vs Whisky: Newspapers & Style Guides". EZdrinking. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
1 2 3 4 "Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits, Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt. 5.22" (PDF). Retrieved 17 October 2008.
1 2 3 4 5 Book A Short History of the Art of Distillation, by Robert James Forbes (year 1948). That book covers distillation in general. For the early history of the distillation of alcohol specifically, search for the word "alcohol" in that book here .
↑ Forbes, Robert James (1970). A short history of the art of distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-00617-1. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
↑ Russell, Inge (2003). Whisky: technology, production and marketing. Academic Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-12-669202-0.
↑ The History of Whisky History, The Whisky Guide.
1 2 3 4 5 "History of Scotch Whisky". Retrieved 6 January 2010.
↑ Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, p.785, footnote for year 1405. This is likewise in the Annals of Connacht entry for year 1405: Annals of Connacht.
↑ Ross, James. Whisky. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 0-7100-6685-6.
1 2 "The History of Whisky".
↑ Peggy Trowbridge Filippone, Whiskey History - The history of whisky, About.com.
↑ "Kevin R. Kosar, "What the Tea Party Could Learn from the Whiskey Rebellion", adapted from Kevin R. Kosar, Whiskey: A Global History (London: Reaktion Books, 2010)". Alcoholreviews.com. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ Nickles, Jane, 2015 Certified Specialist of Spirits Study Guide, Society of Wine Educators, p. 23 (2015).
↑ Jeffery, John D.E., Aging of Whiskey Spirits in Barrels of Non-Traditional Volume, Master's Thesis, Michigan State University, p. 30 (2012).
↑ Scotch Whisky Association. "Scotch Whisky Exports Hit Record Level". Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
↑ "Record high for food and drink". Government of Scotland. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
↑ Scotch Whisky Association. "Scotch Whisky Briefing 2013". Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
↑ The Whisky Barrel. "Scotch Whisky Exports & Visitor Numbers Soar". Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
1 2 Stastna, Kazi (25 May 2013). "Growing appetite for American whisky straining supply". CBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
↑ De Kergommeaux, Davin (2012). Canadian Whisky: The Portable Expert. McClelland & Stewart. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7710-2743-7.
↑ Collier and McKeel company web site.
↑ "North American Free Trade Agreement Annex 313: Distinctive products". Sice.oas.org. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ SICE - Free Trade Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Chile, Section E, Article 3.15 Distinctive products.
↑ "Canada Food and Drug regulations, C.R.C. C.870, provision B.02.022.1". Laws.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ "Move over Fosters, Whisky Bible toasts Australian drams". Scotsman.com. 8 January 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
1 2 "Canadian Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) - Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky (B.02.020)". Retrieved 30 December 2013.
↑ "Terms and Conditions for the Issuance of Certificates of Age and Origin for Distilled Spirits Produced or Packaged in Canada". Canada - Justice Laws Website. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
↑ "(in Danish)". Dr.dk. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ "''B.T.'', "Dansk whisky destilleres på indlandsis", (in Danish)". Bt.dk. 22 March 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ Cornish take on Scotch, BBC news, Thursday, 1 May 2003.
↑ ""WITH A DASH OF WATER" Finnish Whisky Culture and its Future". Retrieved 22 July 2009.
1 2 MaClean, Charles (2008). Whiskey. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 254–265. ISBN 978-0-7566-3349-3.
↑ "Charlemagne: Johnnie won't walk out". Economist.com. 23 February 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ "Where 'Whisky' Can Be Rum", from The Wall Street Journal, 26 August 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
↑ Paul Peachey (3 March 2006). "Battle for the world's largest whisky market -- India". South Africa Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 June 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
↑ Differences between Scotch and Irish whiskey Archived 5 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Government of Ireland. "Irish Whiskey Act, 1980". Archived from the original on 22 March 2007. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
1 2 "Distillers in high spirits as the whiskey sector enters golden era". www.irishtimes.com. 8 November 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
↑ "Awards Won by Nikka Whisky". Nikka.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ Nicholas Coldicott (23 May 2008). "Japanese malt scotches rivals". The Japan Times Online.
↑ Jackson, Michael (1994). Michael Jackson's Malt Whisky Companion. Dorling Kindersley. p. 12. ISBN 0-7513-0146-9.
↑ "ASIL Insight: WTO Protections for Food Geographic Indications". Retrieved 25 August 2007.
↑ "What does a whisky's age really mean?".
↑ "So, Does Age Matter?" (PDF).
↑ "Whisky Regions & Tours". Scotch Whisky Association. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
↑ "Skeppets whisky - English version". Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
↑ "Whisky Bible Award Winners". 2011.
↑ "2012 Producer Trophies - IWSC.NET". Retrieved 6 October 2014.
↑ Paragraph.co.uk. "Kavalan Solist Amontillado Sherry Single Cask Strength - World's Best Single Cask Single Malt Whisky". World Whiskies Awards. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
↑ Amanda Kelly (8 May 2000). "Welsh will make a rare bit of whiskey". The Independent. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
↑ "Planet Whiskies Welsh Distillery Section". Retrieved 19 May 2009.
↑ "Hammer Head Story". Whisky-pages.com. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ ""Kizlyar" will produce whiskey in Russia". Lenta.ru report (in Russian).
↑ "DYC Reserva 8 Años". SPAIN: Licorea.com. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
↑ Maarse, H. (1991). Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages. CRC Press. p. 548. ISBN 0-8247-8390-5.
↑ Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Peter Schieberle; Werner Grosch (2004). Food Chemistry. Springer. p. 936. ISBN 3-540-40818-5.
↑ Maarse, H. (1991). Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages. CRC Press. p. 553. ISBN 0-8247-8390-5.
↑ "June 2007". The Beer Brewer. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
↑ Maarse, H. (1991). Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages. CRC Press. p. 554. ISBN 0-8247-8390-5.
↑ "Aromas and Flavours". Wine-Pages.com. Retrieved 8 December 2007.
↑ Belitz, Hans-Dieter; Peter Schieberle; Werner Grosch (2004). Food Chemistry. Springer. p. 383. ISBN 3-540-40818-5.
↑ Maarse, H. (1991). Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages. CRC Press. p. 574. ISBN 0-8247-8390-5.
↑ Grush, Loren. "Whiskey aged in space tastes like throat lozenges and rubbery smoke". The Verge. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
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A successful team is linked to the effectiveness of teamwork, leadership and communication (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). Communication is a fundamental element of effective leadership and a prerequisite for the success of any organization. Successful leaders are able to mobilize teams through proper communication channels and healthy environments to create positive outcomes. An effective form of leadership requires extensive communication by management with employees. Team building is intended to improve the performance of a team and involves activities meant to promote communication and encourage cooperation.
The success or failure of any organization is dependent upon its ability to effectively function as a team. Effective leadership cites teambuilding as one of the most effective tools a strategic leader should have (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). This essay focuses on PepsiCo Inc, which is an American multinational food and beverage corporation. The performance of the company is a subject to its “purpose” agenda, which has four components, which Are: performance, human, environmental and talent sustainability (PepsiCo, 2013).
Effective team leaders have long-term perspectives on goals as well as innovative ways of achieving them. Team leaders learn from experience and focus on goals or objectives of their teams despite adverse conditions. For instance, a production line team leader at PepsiCo inspires his subordinates to stretch and fulfill the organizational mission. PepsiCo invests in its associates to develop their talent and leadership skills to achieve success (PepsiCo, 2013).
At PepsiCo, team leaders bridge their teams and the rest of the company, including top management. They do not only link the team’s goals to those of higher management, but also share information, status updates and feedback. PepsiCo production line team leaders help individuals to build their group process and interpersonal skills.
There are three predominant leadership styles with many variations. These include democratic, autocratic and laissez-faire leadership (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). Autocratic style of leadership is both directive and controlling. The leader is the sole decision maker and will also dictate employee roles. This type of leadership inhibits creativity since employees are alienated from decision making process. Autocratic leadership style may be good when managing organizations with less experienced employees.
Democratic leadership style focuses on employee participation in the decision-making process. The decision making process is by consensus and consultation. This style leads to empowerment of employees, because it makes them responsible for the decisions made by the management (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). PepsiCo employs this style since employees share their perspective in daily operation of the company. It is also effective, because the PepsiCo has highly skilled and experienced employees. Democracy is instrumental tool in resolving team conflicts.
Laissez-faire style of leadership makes employees responsible for most of the decisions that are made under minimal supervision. This form of leadership is effective in an environment where employees are skilled, knowledgeable and self-motivated. Employees must have a personal drive to achieve goals. Laissez-faire leadership is not effective where employees feel insecure as a result of their team leader’s inability to carry out their own work.
Other styles of leadership are transformational and transactional. Transformational leadership is characterized by leaders who have a clear vision and communicate it effectively to others. Transactionalleadership style is characterized by centralized control over employees. Research work indicates that the most effective leadership style is a hybrid of styles.
Mild stress gives people motivation and stimulation for a personal growth. However, extreme amounts of stress impact negatively on our behavior, health and performance. Individual or organizational performance can be disrupted even by low levels of stress. Job performance is adversely affected by greater levels of stress people encounter on the job. Stressed workers tend to be prone to accidents, have weakened relationship, closed minded and reduced life expectancy (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). Stress adversely affects the physical and mental health of employees. Job stress also affects employees’ contribution to the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations.
Stress stems from so many different factors and conditions. Stressors are factors that cause stress in any set up. Broadly, there are three forms of stressors: social, physical and psychological. Physical stressors are external factors including noise, radiation, extreme temperatures, pollutants and chemicals (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). Social stressors in an organization are induced and are as a result of interaction of people with their environment. Therefore, these include disharmony between team members, demotion, change of residence and increased financial responsibilities without prior consent. Psychological stressors are extreme emotions brought on by social and physical stressors. These include fear, internal dialogue, frustration, hate, worry, inferiority feelings, jealousy and feeling of not being appreciated at work.
As a matter of fact, academic research indicates that team leaders show more physical and psychological stress symptoms than senior managers. This is subject factors such as work overload, deadlines and time pressures. Some sources of stress in an organizational role include role conflict and role ambiguity. Lack of clear definition of goals and job descriptions generates stress. Other role stressors include a lack of support from the management and a lack of participation in decision making. Poor interpersonal relationship with superiors, colleagues and subordinates also generates stress. Group cohesion and social support are extremely beneficial in overcoming such sources or stress (Hackman & Johnson, 2009).
Poor career development is also a stressor in the sense that, employees get frustrated and stressed when they feel stagnated in a level of their career. PepsiCo has established proper career development mechanisms in order to eliminate uncertainty and stress (PepsiCo, 2013). Other sources of stress include life strains, social change, line staff conflicts, absence of helping relations and cooperation, technological change, lack of effective consultation, relocation as well as little opportunity for development. Poor leadership is generally considered as a source of stress due to unpredictability and erosion of the subordinates’ self esteem.
Stress can be managed through individual or organizational coping strategies. PepsiCo encourages positive attitudes and involve its workers in regular and regulated physical exercises. Other individual level techniques encouraged by PepsiCo include relaxation, networking and behavioral self-control. Activities such as team building, swimming and playing out door games combat stress through its side effects such as diversion, relaxation and enhanced self esteem. Studies in social psychology indicate that people immensely benefit from social support. Close associations between team members help them to get through stressful situations (Hackman & Johnson, 2009).
Since stress can lead to unpredictable behavior, which tends to lower performance and turnover, it is, therefore, extremely valuable for an organization to make tangible efforts to reduce or prevent job stress. One of the strategies is emotional climate control. This involves creating an environment of esteem and regard to employees. Employees should also be allowed to participate in decision making. PepsiCo provides a supportive organizational climate. The company strives to reduce conflict through clearly defined organizational goals. Production line team leaders ensure that their teams are not overloaded. Employee roles are also clearly defined in job descriptions to eliminate role conflict and role ambiguity. PepsiCo is characterized by effective communication flow, which improves performance and quality of work. Its human resource department has established programs for prevention of job stress in areas like personnel selection, job design, the organizational structure and climate, placement as well as training (PepsiCo, 2013).
Teams are an integral part of daily operations of any organization. Teamwork is a set of inter-related activities done by more than one person in order to achieve a common objective. Teams may be created to deliver a one-time project or work together on an ongoing process. PepsiCo embraced team approach to bring a diverse set of skills and perspectives into play. Team work is pivotal in reducing non-productive hours, consequently, increasing productivity and ensures maximum utilization of human resource. This is the key reason why PepsiCo promotes teamwork in the workplace.
Team development has been broken into five phases: form, storm, norm, perform and adjourn. Therefore, in order to develop effective teams at PepsiCo, there has to be effective leadership in place.Each employee's ideas must be considered in the forming stage as valuable. Members must alsotry to understand their own roles, the roles of the other team members and their purpose in the group.Conflicts should also be addressed by facilitators in the storming stage of team development. For effective and productive teams, it is advisable to review ground rules, revisit the purpose and related administrative matters of the team.
Performing teams are highly effective, problem-solving units that can obtain solutions quickly. One of the critical elements of an effective team is a common understanding. Every member of an effective team accepts the purpose of the team, its goals and objectives. Team members with diverse perspectives are immensely valuable. Effective teams are composed of members from various levels in the organization.
Effective teams are more strategically aware and share a vision. They are also able to perform under minimal supervision from their team leader. Effective teams focus on over-achieving goals, and the team makes most of the decisions against criteria agreed with the leader.Effective teams are also pro-active and not necessarily wait for direction from management. Team members demonstrate loyalty to their group, and respect individual dissension and disagreement (LaFasto & Larson, 2001).
Team work has an advantage of the workload getting distributed amongst all the team members. People working with a team tend to learn things at a faster rate based on experiences and knowledge of the older team members. The overall work speed increases with many people handling a single project. Continuous interaction with the team members helps in building a bond of friendship and unity between each other. Teamwork also improves individual performance, which is linked to job satisfaction and motivation.
Conflict is generally defined as disagreement or struggle between two or more people or groups (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). Conflicts faced in organizations stems from a variety of sources, such as: time pressures, communication breakdowns, ambiguous roles, competition for scarce resources, personality clashes, unreasonable standards or rules and unrealized expectations. When employees hold grudges, they lose energy and focus that could have been directed to productive organizational endeavors. Destructive criticism creates unnecessary conflict (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). Negative feedback often angers the involved parties. Team leaders are encouraged to use constructive criticism to improve team members’ performance.
Since organizations never have unlimited resources such as personnel and equipment, conflicts over the distribution of those resources emerge. This can be managed through expansion of scarce resources to enable all team leaders to achieve common goals. The most common way to resolve conflict between individuals, teams or even the entire company is to negotiate a solution that is acceptable to all the affected parties. This process is known as bargaining (LaFasto & Larson, 2001).
Conflict can also be resolved by a third party intervention. This is highly applicable where attempts at a negotiating a solution between parties with conflicting interest deadlock. A third party intervention can also be referred to as mediation. Another form of third party intervention is known as arbitration. Arbitrators have the power to impose terms of an agreement (LaFasto & Larson, 2001).
Communication is a process of conveying some understanding or information from one party to another (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). As a result, communication is the life line of any entity. For this reason, effective communication upholds the spirit of a teamwork and understanding between management and employees. It is, therefore, vital for an organization to lay down good channels of communication to keep the integrity of its formal structure. Communication is also instrumental in case of conflict management within any entity (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). All organizations have a hierarchical line of authority through which messages flow.
Ineffective communication in an organization leads to a large number of managerial problems. Consequently, the performance and productivity of teams fall. Poorly conveyed information from team leaders may lead to conflicts, which have an adverse effect on the morale of subordinates. Demoralized teams are likely to underperform, which consequently reduces productivity. Barriers of communication are difficulties or obstacles that come in the process of communication. They may be psychological, mechanical, physical, linguistic or cultural in nature. Mechanical and external barriers are defects in the devices used for communication. These include absence of communication facilities, defective telephone and cross talks. Physical barriers include traffic, mood variation, noise environmental stress, ill health and ignorance about the medium. Psychological barriers are those, which are based on the fact that there is a variation on how humans think or reason. These include self image, prejudgment, assumption, generalization, group identification and poor communication skills (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). For instance, a worker with ill-health is most likely to have his ability to communicate reduced to inadequate energy.
Poor communication skills prevent the sender in encoding his messages properly and to attract listeners. These skills can be improved through suitable training. Counseling can be used to overcome the problem of closed mindset, which arises as a result of narrow interest and intellectual background (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). Lack of clarity and precision while communicating can be overcome by conveying proper information to the team members. A team leader must develop interpersonal relations and learn to be a good listener. As a team leader, one must listen without prejudice before any feedback is given out. A good team leader must translate the directive into a language that is appropriate to the context in which his subordinates understand avoiding the risk of poor communication. Sometimes laziness or lack of urgency in transmitting messages either upward or downward becomes a barrier in effective communication in an organization (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). Particularly, timely communication achieves healthy cooperation and coordination in any entity. Subordinates should also be given reasonable time for adjustment in scenarios where messages conveyed have a bearing on their working conditions. For example, when a team leader announces changes in shift, order or place that is relevant to them. Members of a team require ample time to understand messages sent to them. It is inappropriate for a team leader to force changes on the subordinates before they adjust with such changes. Other ways of overcoming barriers of communication within the PepsiCo include feedback of information, use of proper language and conveying information through action and deeds.
In summary, leadership can significantly affect an entity, by either determining its success in a market or by defining the organizational culture. Strong, ethical leadership is very crucial in any business climate. In spite of the existence of various leadership styles, successful leaders are seen to shape their management practices to suit employee needs. Moreover, good leadership is characterized by having a vision and implementing it to a reality. Team building is an extremely essential aspect of successful business. Teams are effective when they have a team leader who is able to help see them through some of the more difficult stages of the team-building process.
Communication is highly instrumental in motivating employees since it gives expression to ideas and thoughts. Effective communication improves performance. Lastly, regular feedbacks help to reduce barriers in communication.
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The cover:This cover makes you wonder what will Lucretia uncover behind the fold? It is simple and clear. A very well done cover for this particular book. And it proves that the saying “Never judge a book by its cover.” is true. The storyline:This story is full of intense moments, sadness, realistic facts and scary moments.I do not won’t to spoil this book at all because you need to read this book for yourself to know what I’m talking about you, but here’s a short summary so you know what this is about:The story follows twelve year old Lucretia, also called Loochie, and her journey of discovering loss, death, fear and illness.She’s lonely and lives with her mother. She has one friend, Sunny, only who has cancer and went to get her treatments. Loochie’s twelfth birthday passes by and she decides that she’s going to wait for her friend’s comeback to celebrate with her.When Sunny comes back, Loochie discovers it might the last time they hang out together, so she prepares everything. But while she’s waiting for Sunny to come down (because they live in the same building), she discovers that something went wrong and that her best friend disappeared and it has something to do with The Kroons, the people who’ve been smoking a drug since anybody can remember and have been kidnapping kids when they weren’t stealing from people.Loochie decides to risk her life in order to help her friend escape. After she goes after The Kroons, Loochie discovers unspeakable horrors, faces death and says goodbye to the only person who has ever mattered to her.What I loved:- The writing style was very basic, simple and clear.- The story is told from the author’s point of view, which was fitting for the story because we get to see the big picture and know how all the characters in a particular scene are reacting.- The real story here is very touching and real. I think the book tries to deal with the fact that even children have losses and fears that can affect them very badly (I know that from personal experience :)). This book dealt with this issue very well in a very simple, direct and sad way.- The characters were all realistic. There’s a huge part of imagination added to the story which only made it more believable because children deal with such traumas in a very imaginary way. I could relate each and every character in this book, even The Kroons, to someone real I know in real life.- The ending left me speechless and asking for more.- And finally, it’s a novella, which I think was perfect for this story.What I disliked:- Cigarettes, smoking and drugs are mentioned several times in this book with minors under 13 using them and saying at one point that smoking the cigarette helped. It would’ve been nice (if not better) to say that drugs and smoking are bad and deadly for any person let alone a 12 year old girl. There’s no mention of the deadly effects these things do to everyone. The characters:Lucretia (a.k.a Loochie): The main character in this book. She’s twelve years old and lives with her mother. You can say she’s an outcast and nobody wants her in their circle so she has one friend only. Loochie has a very strong relationship with her best friend, Sunny, and we can see her loyalty, love, strength and determination when Sunny goes missing and she goes after her to bring her back. I really like her, because for a twelve year old girl she’s very smart and brave.Zhao Hun Soong (a.k.a Sunny): She’s Loochie’s best friend and cancer patient. She loves Loochie so much that she wants to take her along for the journey. Toward the end, Sunny starts to express her distaste for her condition and the medication.The Kroons: They are people who used to be normal but a long time ago, before they started using a drug called Crack which turned them into monsters and now they can’t live without it.Other people worth mentioning are: Loochie’s mother, who works all day and raises Loochie by herself. Lois, Loochie’s older brother. He doesn’t live with them anymore and has no longer a strong relationship with Loochie since he moved out. Favorite quotes:Most twelve-year-olds don’t know much about death, and that’s the way it should be. But a handful get the knowledge too soon. You can see it in their eyes, a sliver of sorrow floating in the iris, visible even at the happiest of times. Those kids have encountered that enemy, too soon and will always bear its scars. --- Chapter 1.Loochie had given her the wig. Sunny gave the boots in return. Sunny shouted, “I love you, Loochie!” Loochie couldn’t respond for fear of letting Pit know she was still there. But inside her head she could hear her own voice, loud as a siren: I love you, too, Sunny! I loved you! --- Chapter 12.Sunny’s death was no delusion, though. Neither was Loochie’s grief, which lasted a year. The doctors and her mother, and later even her brother, dismissed Loochie’s story, but she never doubted that it was true. Louis had turned out to be right about one thing, however: Being young didn’t protect anyone. Horrors came for kids, too. She understood that now. But that didn’t have to be the end of the story. Because of Sunny, so much joy had come for her as well. --- Chapter 16.Conclusion:This was a fantastic short read. It was sweet, sad and realistic.I hope I can get my hands on the sequel novella, The Devil in Silver, which comes out August 21st of this year.I recommend this book to anyone who loves realistic fiction, horror, short stories with great storyline and dealing with real issues.
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We're sitting down with Samwise Didier to talk about the recently released Exclusive Pandaren Brewmaster deluxe figure, and learn about the pandaren race and their place in Azeroth, yesterday, today, and tomorrow.
A lot of people may not know the illustrious history of the pandaren race and their introduction in the Warcraft III expansion. Can you give a brief recap of how you got the idea for an anthropomorphic panda race and how they eventually came to be included in the expansion?
I might never have had the idea if it weren't for my brother's fantastic skill at mangling up words and phrases. "A flash in the pants" or "at the end of my wit" are some of the classics in my brother's repertoire of manglings and mash-ups.
"Dude, you're like one of those panda bears -- you're never cold."
I said "Do you mean a polar bear?"
He muttered something like "I said polar bear" or whatever, but from that moment on, I was judged and labeled as: The Panda.
Some years later I did a Christmas picture for my family of a panda bear with a cub sitting on his shoulder in tribute to the new daughter who had joined our clan. That was the first panda picture I did.
For some reason, one of our webmasters asked if it could be made into a Blizzard wallpaper. People seemed to like it well enough so that when April Fools came around we announced that the pandaren were going to be the fifth race for Warcraft III. People got excited by the announcement, and seemed to be let down when they found out it was just a joke.
In your personal work you'll literally represent yourself quite often as a Pandaren, and in other pieces you use them as easter eggs. Do you think of them as an icon or calling card for your work now?
It all started when we were working on the art books. In the Art of Warcraft book they had highlighted a picture I did that had some hidden names, faces, and such in it.
I've always done things like that, but this was the first time we blatantly pointed it out.
From then on people started looking for hidden faces or pandas in my pictures. It is pretty funny now because people are seeing things in everything. Even on art that I didn't work on people are saying, "Look! There's a panda face!"
Did you ever imagine it would become this sort of underground/cult reference throughout the Warcraft games?
Oh it was totally calculated. I have that kind of vision.
Most recently, the Exclusive Pandaren Brewmaster figure hit the Blizzard Online Store. Since it was something you were heavily involved in helping to create, can you tell us about the process and why this one is so special?
The development was pretty painless, at least on my end. A pencil drawing for the front, side, and back of Chen as well as details for his gear, and that was about all. The face needed a few more iterations to it to help out the sculptor and that was really it.
The sculpting of Chen is special to me as the Pandaren was originally just created for my family and friends. It was done just for fun, as a joke. To have this personal piece of art become a page or two in the massive volumes of Blizzard Entertainment lore is an honor. And to have it embraced by so much of our community is a really great feeling. Some still think of the Pandaren as the Aprils Fools gag, while others think they should be the next race for World of Warcraft (Horde, naturally :)).
But whatever your views, just remember this... if my brother was a better speaker then the pandaren race might never have been born. Cheers to you brother!
The Pandaren are sprinkled throughout Warcraft history, but with a non-combat pet, several TCG cards, and of course the new exclusive pandaren figure all releasing within a short time, are we getting close to something bigger?
You mean like car seat covers?
This page was last edited on 27 October 2011, at 08:47.
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alienbob Add URL, some formatting.
alienbob Can Slackware be recompiled from scratch?
If you want to know when the next version will be released (at time of writing the most recent stable release is 14.1), it will be ready... when it's ready! There are no fixed release dates, as the Slackware goal is to deliver the most stable Linux experience. If you want to know when the next version will be released (at time of writing the most recent stable release is 14.1), it will be ready... when it's ready! There are no fixed release dates, as the Slackware goal is to deliver the most stable Linux experience.
+ Short answer: no.\\ Several other distros (including [[http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/|Linux From Scratch]]) are capable of being rebuilt from scratch using the publicly available sources and scripts. Fedora habitually recompiles itself completely from time to time. Slackware is //not// like those other distros: there is no "master build script". The Slackware distribution grows and evolves "organically" and the utmost care is taken that all software in the distro is in working condition. Slackware does not need "rebuild from scratch" in order to achieve that goal. To the contrary: recompiling an older package may introduce new bugs or incompatibilities when the recompiled package picks up undesired new dependencies and/or functionality.
+ That does not make Slackware a "binary distribution", not does this philosophy violate any license. In order to comply with Open Source licenses such as the GPL (and also because, why not?), Slackware makes the complete source code and build scripts available for all the packages that are part of the distro. You will find these sources in the ''./source'', ''./extra/source'', ''./pasture/source'' and ''./patches/source'' subdirectories of any release. These sources and scripts are exactly what was used to build the accompanying package at the time of its release - no more and no less.
+ Note: It is essential that you understand these sources and scripts have produced a package using the system libraries available at the time of its creation. Over time, with all the library updates and introduction of new packages, the source code of any package may lose the capability of being re-compiled into that same package successfully. But that is perfectly normal: a Slackware package will //never// be recompiled unless its binaries stop working (due to dynamic library conflicts for instance) or because that package is upgraded to a new version. Only then, the sources and scripts for any package are re-evaluated. If patches are required at this time - to make the sources compile successfully or to make the resulting binaries work correctly - then patches will be added.
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What's Huertas del Palmar like?
Visitors really like Huertas del Palmar, especially its beaches, port and bars. Huertas del Palmar might not have well-known attractions within the city, but you won't need to venture far to find top places to visit like Las Canteras Beach and Gran Canaria Stadium. In the surrounding area, popular sights include Las Arenas Commercial Center and San Telmo Park.
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After I arrived at Duke in 1998, I was inducted into many initiatives to help diversify the scientific workforce, including the push for women in science. I wondered, as a man, what did I know about women? But there was an assumption that a person of an underrepresented minority background knew more of what was needed for any minority to succeed, including women in science, relative to white males. There may be some truth to this, but certainly not an absolute truth. I began to realize that as a young professor at Duke University, and within the scientific community generally, I was being unintentionally asked to take on two jobs: 1) be the best scientist I could be, as expected of everyone else; and 2) help cure society’s racial disease, unlike everyone else. After two years, I made the conscious decision that I could not do both jobs well at the same time. I decided on job 1, to pursue being the best scientist I could be, and only taking on those few tasks for job 2 in which I felt I could make the biggest impact.
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Sampling and 4-bit quantization of an analog signal (red) using Pulse Code Modulation.
Digital audio is a technology that uses digital signals for sound reproduction. It includes analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, storage, and transmission.
Digital audio has emerged because of its usefulness in the recording, manipulation, mass-production, and distribution of sound. Modern distribution of music across the Internet through on-line stores depends on digital recording and digital compression algorithms. Distribution of audio as data files rather than as physical objects has significantly reduced costs of distribution.
From the wax cylinder to the compact cassette, analog audio music storage and reproduction have been based on the same principles upon which human hearing are based. In an analog audio system, sounds begin as physical waveforms in the air, are transformed into an electrical representation of the waveform, via a transducer (for example, a microphone), and are stored or transmitted. To be recreated into sound, the process is reversed, through amplification and then conversion back into physical waveforms via a loudspeaker. Although its nature may change, its fundamental, wave-like characteristics remain unaltered during its storage, transformation, duplication, and amplification. All analog audio signals are susceptible to noise and distortion, due to the inherent noise present in electronic circuits.
Digital audio is the technology of representing audio in digital form. The digital audio chain begins when an analog audio signal is converted into electrical signals—"on/off" pulses—rather than electromechanical signals. This signal is then further encoded to combat any errors that might occur in the storage or transmission of the signal. This "channel coding" is essential to the ability of the digital system to recreate the analog signal upon replay. An example of a channel code is Eight to Fourteen Bit Modulation as used in the audio Compact Disc.
An analog signal is converted to a digital signal at a given sampling rate and bit resolution; it may contain multiple channels (2 channels for stereo or more for surround sound). Generally speaking, the higher the sampling rate and bit resolution, the greater the fidelity, as well as higher the amount of digital data.
Analog noise floor in the capturing circuitry, and have inherent capacitance and inductance that limit the bandwidth of the system, and resistance that limits the amplitude.
Digital quantization noise in the capturing circuitry, and sampling rate limits the bandwidth and its bit resolution limits the dynamic range (resolution of amplitude creation).
In order to achieve better fidelity, higher quality components are required, which increased overall cost.
A digital audio signal starts with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal to a digital signal. The ADC runs at a sampling rate and converts at a known bit resolution. For example, CD audio has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz (44,100 samples per second) and 16-bit resolution for each channel (stereo). If the analog signal is not already bandlimited, then an anti-aliasing filter is necessary before conversion, to prevent aliasing in the digital signal. (Aliasing occurs when frequencies above the Nyquist frequency have not been band limited, and instead appear as audible artifacts in the lower frequencies).
An overview of the digital <-> analog conversion process.
Some audio signals such as those created by digital synthesis originate entirely in the digital domain, in which case analog to digital conversion does not take place.
After being sampled with the ADC, the digital signal may then be altered in a process which is called digital signal processing where it may be filtered or have effects applied.
The digital audio signal may then be stored or transmitted. Digital audio storage can be on a CD, an MP3 player, a hard drive, USB flash drive, CompactFlash, or any other digital data storage device. Audio data compression techniques—such as MP3, Advanced Audio Coding, Ogg Vorbis, or Flac—are commonly employed to reduce the file size. Digital audio can be streamed to other devices.
The last step for digital audio is to be converted back to an analog signal with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Like ADCs, DACs run at a specific sampling rate and bit resolution but through the processes of oversampling, upsampling, and downsampling, this sampling rate may not be the same as the initial sampling rate.
Commercial digital recording of classical and jazz music began in the early 1970s, pioneered by Japanese companies such as Denon, the BBC, and British record label Decca (which in the mid-70s developed digital audio recorders of their own design for mastering their albums), although experimental recordings existed from the 1960s.
Although the first-ever digital recording of a non-classical music piece, Morrissey-Mullen's cover of the Rose Royce hit "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" (released 1979 as a vinyl EP) was recorded in 1978 at EMI's Abbey Road recording studios, the first entirely digitally recorded (DDD) popular music album was Ry Cooder's Bop Till You Drop, recorded in late 1978. It was unmixed, being recorded straight to a two-track 3M digital recorder in the studio. Many other top recording artists were early adherents of digital recording. Others, such as former Beatles producer George Martin, felt that the multitrack digital recording technology of the early 1980s had not reached the sophistication of analog systems. Martin used digital mixing, however, to reduce the distortion and noise that an analog master tape would introduce (thus ADD). An early example of an analog recording that was digitally mixed is Fleetwood Mac's 1979 release, Tusk.
Fidelity evaluation is a long-standing issue with audio systems in general. Although audio signals can be measured and analyzed by specialized instruments to more exacting standards than can be done by ear, such measurements do not always reveal whether certain sounds are evaluated as "good" or "bad" by any given listener. Parameters that pertain to audio quality include hearing capabilities, personal preferences, location with respect to the speakers, and the room's physical properties. Of course, subjective evaluation is not unique to digital audio. However, digital audio adds more items to the debate, such as lossy compression algorithms and psychoacoustic models.
Naturally, any digital bus (such as USB, FireWire, and PCI) can carry digital audio.
Borwick, John. 1996. Sound Recording Practice, 4th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198166087.
Ifeachor, Emmanuel C., and Barrie W. Jervis. 2002. Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, 2nd edition. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0201596199.
Rabiner, Lawrence R., and Bernard Gold. 1975. Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0139141014.
Stanley, William D., Gary R. Dougherty, and Ray Dougherty. 1984. Digital Signal Processing. Reston, VA: Reston Pub. Co. ISBN 083591321X.
Watkinson, John. 2005. The Art of Digital Audio, 3rd edition. Oxford: Focal Press. ISBN 0240515870.
Introduction to Computer Music: Volume One, Chapter Five: Digital Audio.
This page was last modified on 23 October 2017, at 19:39.
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You are given a String code, a position array and a length array. code contains an encoded string which you must decode using the following method. Step through the elements of position in order, and for each element i, take the substring of length length[i] at position position[i]. Insert the reverse of that substring before position position[i]+length[i], thereby creating a palindromic substring. All positions are 0-based. Return the decoded String.
- code will contain between 1 and 10 characters, inclusive.
- code will contain only digits ('0'-'9') and letters ('a'-'z', 'A'-'Z').
- position will contain between 0 and 10 elements, inclusive.
- length will contain the same number of elements as position.
- Each element of length will be positive.
- The return value will have at most 1000 characters.
Next 3T LInes contain String code, Positions array and Length array for T test cases.
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What is the giant panda?
The name “giant panda” is sometimes used to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda’s diet is over 99% bamboo. Giant pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.
While the dragon has often served as China’s national symbol, internationally the giant panda appears at least as commonly. As such, it is becoming widely used within China in international contexts, for example as one of the five Fuwa mascots of the Beijing Olympics.
The population boom in China after 1949 created stress on the pandas’ habitat, and the subsequent famines led to the increased hunting of wildlife, including pandas. During the Cultural Revolution, all studies and conservation activities on the pandas were stopped. After the Chinese economic reform, demand for panda skins from Hong Kong and Japan led to illegal poaching for the black market, acts generally ignored by the local officials at the time.
In the 1990s, however, several laws (including gun control and the removal of resident humans from the reserves) helped their chances of survival. With these renewed efforts and improved conservation methods, wild pandas have started to increase in numbers in some areas, though they still are classified as a rare species.
The giant panda is among the world’s most adored and protected rare animals, and is one of the few in the world whose natural inhabitant status was able to gain a UNESCO World Heritage Site designation.
Text: Wikipedia contributors. “Giant panda.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 30 Sep. 2017. Web. 30 Sep. 2017.
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The Algonquins are indigenous inhabitants of North America who speak the Algonquin language, a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is part of the Algonquian language family. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Odawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anicinàpe (Anishinaabe) grouping. The Algonquin people call themselves Omàmiwinini (plural: Omàmiwininiwak) or the more generalised name of Anicinàpe.
Though known by several names in the past, the most common term "Algonquin" has been suggested to derive from the Maliseet word elakómkwik (IPA: [ɛlæˈɡomoɡwik]): "they are our relatives/allies". The much larger heterogeneous group of Algonquian-speaking peoples, who, according to Brian Conwell, stretch from Virginia to the Rocky Mountains and north to Hudson Bay, was named after the tribe.
Many Algonquins still speak the Algonquin language, called generally Anicinàpemowin or specifically Omàmiwininìmowin. The language is considered one of several divergent dialects of the Anishinaabe languages. Among younger speakers, the Algonquin language has experienced strong word borrowings from the Cree language. Traditionally, the Algonquins lived in either birch bark or wooden mìkiwàms. Today Algonquins live in housings like those of the general public.
In the earliest oral history, the Algonquins say they migrated from the Atlantic coast. Together with other Anicinàpek, they arrived at the "First Stopping Place" near Montreal. While the other Anicinàpe peoples continued their journey up the St. Lawrence River, the Algonquins settled along the Kitcisìpi (Ottawa River), a long-important highway for commerce, cultural exchange and transportation. Algonquin identity, though, was not fully realized until after the dividing of the Anicinàpek at the "Third Stopping Place". Scholars have used the oral histories, archeology, and linguistics to estimate this took place about 2000 years ago, near present-day Detroit.
After contact with the Europeans, especially the French and Dutch, the Algonquin nations became active in the fur trade. This led them to fight against the powerful Iroquois, whose confederacy was based in present-day New York. In 1570, the Algonquins formed an alliance with the Montagnais to the east, whose territory extended to the ocean.
Algonquin couple, 18th-century watercolor. The first Algonquian encountered by the French were the Kitcisìpiriniwak ("Ottawa River Men"; singular: Kitcisìpirini), whose village was located on an island in the Ottawa River; the French called this group La Nation de l'Isle.
The Algonquin first met Europeans when Samuel de Champlain came upon a party led by the Kitcisìpirini Chief Tessouat at Tadoussac, in eastern present-day Quebec, in the summer of 1603. They were celebrating a recent victory over the Iroquois, with the allied Montagnais and Etechemins (Malecite). Champlain did not understand that the Algonquins were socially united by a strong totem/clan system rather than the European-styled political concept of nationhood. The several Algonquin bands each had its own chief. Within each band, the chief depended on political approval from each of the band's clan leaders. Champlain needed to cultivate relationships with numerous chiefs and clan leaders. From 1603, some of the Algonquin allied with the French under Champlain. This alliance proved useful to the Algonquin, who previously had little to no access to European firearms.
Champlain made his first exploration of the Ottawa River during May 1613 and reached the fortified Kitcisìpirini village at Morrison Island. Unlike the other Algonquin communities, the Kitcisìpiriniwak did not change location with the seasons. They had chosen a strategic point astride the trade route between the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. They prospered through the collection of beaver pelts from native traders passing through their territory. They also were proud of their corn fields.
At first, the French used the term "Algonquin" only for a second group, the Wàwàckeciriniwak. However, by 1615, they applied the name to all of the Algonquin bands living along the Ottawa River. Because of keen interest by tribes to gain control of the lower Ottawa River, the Kitcisìpiriniwak and the Wàwàckeciriniwak came under fierce opposition. These two large groups allied together, under the leadership of Sachem Charles Parcharini, to maintain the Omàmiwinini identity and territory.
The Iroquois Confederacy drove the Algonquins from their lands. They were aided by having been traded arms by the Dutch, and later by the English. The Iroquois and the English defeated the French and Algonquins.
In 1623, after Sir David Kirke's occupation of New France demonstrated French colonial vulnerability, the French began to trade muskets to the Algonquins and their allies. French Jesuits began to seek Algonquin conversions to Roman Catholicism.
Through all of these years, the Iroquois never attacked the Kitcisìpirinik fortress. But, in 1642, they made a surprise winter raid, attacking the Algonquin while most of the warriors were absent, and causing severe casualties. On March 6, 1647 (Ash Wednesday), a large Mohawk war party attacked the Kitcisìpiriniwak living near Trois-Rivières and almost exterminated them. The Kitcisìpiriniwak were still at Morrison Island in 1650 and inspired respect with their 400 warriors. When the French retreated from the Huron country that year, Tessouat is reported to have had the superior of the Jesuit mission suspended by his armpits because he refused to offer him the customary presents for being allowed to travel through Algonquin territory.
Some joined the mission at Sillery, where they were mostly destroyed by an infectious disease epidemic by 1676. Encouraged by the French, others remained at Trois-Rivières. Their settlement at nearby Pointe-du-Lac continued until about 1830. That year the last 14 families, numbering about 50, moved to Kanesatake near Oka. (The families who stayed in Trois Rivieres can be found in the Algonquin census of Trois Rivieres in the mid-19th century).
The Sulpician Mission of the Mountain was founded at Montreal in 1677, and some Algonquins settled there together with Iroquois converts. The mostly Mohawk community became known as Kahnawake. But many Algonquin maintained their attachment to the traditional territory and fur trading. Those who agreed to move to established reserves or joined other historical bands were federally "recognized". Many others who did not re-locate were later called "stragglers" in the Ottawa and Pontiac counties.
Starting in 1721, many Christian Algonquins began to settle for the summer at Kahnesatake, near Oka. The Mohawk Nation was then considered one of the Seven Nations of Canada. Algonquin warriors continued to fight in alliance with France until the British conquest of Quebec in 1760 during the Seven Years' War. After the British took over colonial rule of Canada, their officials sought to make allies of the First Nations. Fighting on behalf of the British Crown, the Algonquins took part in the Barry St Leger campaign during the American Revolutionary War.
Loyalist settlers began encroaching on Algonquin lands shortly after the Revolution. Later in the 19th century, the lumber industry began to move up the Ottawa valley, and a lot of Algonquins were relegated to a string of small reserves.
The historical Algonquin society was largely hunting and fishing-based. Being primarily a hunting nation, the people emphasized mobility. They used materials that were light and easy to transport. Canoes were made of birch bark, sewed with spruce roots and rendered waterproof by the application of heated spruce resin and bear grease. During winter, toboggans were used to transport material, and people used snowshoes to get around. The women used tikinaagan (cradleboards) to carry their babies. It was built with wood and covered with an envelope made of leather or material. The baby was standing up with his feet resting on a small board. The mother would then put the tikinàgan on her back. This allowed the infant to look around and observe his surroundings. The child was kept close to the mother but also had much stimulation.
Algonquian-speaking people also practiced agriculture, particularly south of the Great Lakes, where the climate allows for a longer growing season. Notable indigenous crops historically farmed by Algonquins are the sunflower and tobacco. Around 800CE, Eastern Algonquians adopted maize agriculture from their neighbors in the interior. Even among groups who mainly hunted, agricultural products were an important source of food. They obtained what was needed by trading with or raiding societies that practiced more agriculture. Eastern Algonquians created pots that could withstand not only thermal stress but the mechanical stress of rough use.
Archaeological sites on Morrison Island near Pembroke, within the territory of the later Kitcisìpiriniwak, reveal a 1,000-year-old culture that manufactured copper tools and weapons. Copper ore was extracted north of Lake Superior and distributed down to present-day northern New York. Local pottery artifacts from this period show widespread similarities that indicate the continuing use of the river for cultural exchange throughout the Canadian Shield and beyond.
Some centuries later, the Algonquin tribe moved in and inhabited the islands and shores along the Ottawa. By the 17th century the first Europeans found them well established as a hunter-gatherer society in control of the river. The Kitcisìpiriniwak showed entrepreneurial spirit. On Morrison Island, at the location where 5,000-year-old copper artifacts were discovered, the Kitcisìpirini band levied a toll on canoe flotillas descending the river.
They use an infusion of leaves of Epigaea repens for kidney disorders. They use the berries of Ribes glandulosum as food. They gather the fruit of Vaccinium myrtilloides to eat and sell. They use the berries of Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides for food.
In 1981, members of the Algonquin tribe successfully blockaded a commercial rice-harvesting venture which the Government of Canada had granted permission to harvest wild rice. The tribe had traditionally gathered this grain by hand for centuries. Hundreds of people blockaded roads, and despite police helicopters, paddy wagons, and "a lot of hostility and pushing and shoving," according to Harold Perry, honorary chief of the Ardoch Algonquins, the tribe and its supporters held their ground for 27 days—long enough for the federal government to reverse its decision and revoke the commercial permit.
In recent years, tensions with the lumber industry have flared up again among Algonquin communities, in response to the practice of clear-cutting.
In Ontario, an Algonquin land claim has been ongoing since 1983, encompassing much of the southeastern part of the province, stretching from near North Bay to near Hawkesbury and including Ottawa, Pembroke, and most of Algonquin Provincial Park. The Algonquins never relinquished title to this area. An agreement-in-principle between the Algonquins of Ontario, the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario was reached in 2015.
Members of the Algonquin tribe began a peaceful blockade of an operation on their sacred lands north of Kingston, Ontario, on June 29, 2007. Oakville-based Frontenac Ventures Corporation, the prospecting company, sought a court order to force the protesters from the area. A court injunction was obtained on August 27, 2007, and a series of arrests followed, including that of the Ardoch Algonquin First Nation co-Chiefs Robert Lovelace and Paula Sherman. Chief Lovelace served a six-month sentence for contempt of court for violating the injunction, which required all protesters to remain at least 200 metres (660 ft) from the mining site. Chief Sherman also received a six-month sentence, but it was suspended as she agreed to respect the injunction. Tens of thousands of dollars in fines were levied against them.
In addition to the charges of contempt, Frontenac Ventures is suing the Algonquins for $77 million in civil damages. On March 18, 2008, contempt charges were dropped "without costs" against three non-native activists: Frank Morrison and Christian Peacemakers David Milne and Reverend John Hudson. They had been charged with violating the same injunction as Lovelace and Sherman, but Frontenac Ventures declined to prosecute. During the same proceedings, however, warrants were obtained for the arrest of five other non-native activists who allegedly violated the injuncton.
At the time of their first meeting with the French in 1603, the various Algonquin bands probably had a combined population somewhere in the neighborhood of 6,000. The British estimate in 1768 was 1,500. As of 2000, there are close to 8,000 Algonquins in Canada, organized into ten separate First Nations: nine in Quebec and one in Ontario.
Kichesipirini ("people of the great river") — They were the largest and most powerful group of Algonquins. Known variously as: Kitcisìpirini, Kitcisìpiriniwak, Algoumequins de l'Isle-aux-Allumettes, Big River People, Gens d l'Isle, Honkeronon (Wyandot language), Island Algonquian, Island Indians, Island Nation, People from the Island, Kichesippiriniwek, Nation de l'Isle, Nation of the Isle, and Savages de l'Isle. Their main village was on Morrison Island.
Kinounchepirini ("people of the Pickerel-waters") — Also known as Keinouche, Kinouchebiiriniwek, Kinònjepìriniwak, Kinonche, Pickerel, Pike and Quenongebin. Sometimes they were listed as an Algonquian band, but after 1650 they were associated with the Ottawa and were originally found along the lower Ottawa River below Allumette Island.
"Otaguottaouemin" — Also known as Kotakoutouemi or Outaoukotwemiwek. They were located along the Upper Ottawa River above Allumette Island.
Sàgaiganininiwak ("people of the lake") — Also known as Saghiganirini.
"Saginitaouigama" — Also known as Sagachiganiriniwek.
Weskarini ("people of the deer[-clan]") — Also known as the Wàwàckeciriniwak, La Petite Nation, Little Nation, Ouaouechkairini, Ouassouarini, Ouescharini, Ouionontateronon (Wyandot language), or Petite Nation. Their traditional home land is located on the north side of the Ottawa River along the Lievre River and the Rouge River in Quebec.
"Iroquet" — They were known as Hiroquet, Hirocay, Iroquay, Yroquetto, and to the Huron as the Atonontrataronon or Ononchataronon; they lived along Ontario's South Nation River.
Matàwackariniwak "people of the bulrushed-shore" — Also known as Madawaska, Madwaska, Matouchkarine, Matouashita, Mataouchkarini, Matouechkariniwek and Matouescarini; the Madawaska River in the Upper Ottawa Valley is named after this band.
"Nibachis" — Located at Muskrat Lake near present-day Cobden, Ontario.
These population figures are from Canada's Department of Indian and Northern Affairs.
The Nipissing First Nation of North Bay, Ontario, is also sometimes considered to belong to the Algonquin group of Anishinaabeg.
^ "Assembly of First Nations - The Story". The Assembly of First Nations. Archived from the original on 2009-08-02.
^ Artuso, Christian. 1998. noogom gaa-izhi-anishinaabemonaaniwag: Generational Difference in Algonquin. Winnipeg: The University of Manitoba Press.
^ Cuoq, Jean André. 1886. Lexique de la Langue Algonquine, Montréal: J. Chapleau & Fils.
^ a b Snow, Dean R. (2010). Archaeology of Native North America. New York: Prentice Hall. p. 223.
^ "Ardoch Algonquin First Nation". Aafna.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
^ Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs of Ottawa. Claim Map. Accessed 2010-11-25.
^ "Algonquins of Ontario Proposed Agreement-in-Principle". Government of Ontario. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
^ "Ardoch Algonquin First Nation". Aafna.ca. 2007-08-23. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-05-18.
Daniel Clément, The Algonquins. Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1996.
Yvon H. Couture, Les Algonquins. Val d'Or, Quebec: Éditions Hyperborée, 1983.
Robert Michael Morrissey, Empire by Collaboration: Indians, Colonists, and Governments in Colonial Illinois Country. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.
Evan T. Pritchard, No Word for Time: The Way of the Algonquin People. Tulsa, OK: Council Oak Books, 1997.
Richard White, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Algonquin people.
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And as we are studying the ascension, this is the account found in the book of the Acts. I suggested to you previously that there are six historical events, and these events have all occurred in the past, and this is what Christ is and what He is like. It is upon these historical events that Christianity is based: 1) the prophetic teachings in the Old Testament of the coming Messiah, 2) the birth of that Messiah, 3) His sinless life, 4) His death on the cross, 5) His resurrection on Easter Sunday, and 6) the one we deal with tonight, 40 days after His resurrection, His ascension into heaven. May this be the Christ we see, not in any one of those events in the scriptural presentation of Christ, but in all of them, because it is a pattern that is lovely. It is a doctrinal study: it is a study of a God who fits everything perfectly together. It is a thing of beauty, intellectually, but it is a thing of power in terms of our salvation. In the book of the Acts, 40 days after Christ's resurrection, He meets with His disciples on the Mount of Olives overlooking the city of Jerusalem. Beginning to read in verse 6, chapter 1.
6 When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel? 7 And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power. 8 But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth. 9 And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. 10 And while they looked steadfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel; 11 Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.
I. The definition of "the ascension of Jesus Christ."?
It was a bodily ascension.
First of all, we want to deal with the definition. What are we talking about when we're talking about the ascension of Jesus Christ? These things: 1) It was a bodily ascension, 2) a bodily ascension into heaven, and 3) a bodily ascension into heaven where He was received in glory.
Number 1, it was a bodily ascension into heaven. It was with the resurrected body that Christ ascended into Heaven. This body was the same body in the sense that it was identified with the body that came out of the grave, and yet it was a spiritual body. It's helpful to remember those two words: the same body but with the scars, yet a spiritual body in that it had capabilities that our bodies do not have. For instance, He passed right through walls. He could leave like that, appear just like that, yet it was a real body. On that first Easter day, when they thought it was a ghost because He came into the Upper Room not through the door but through the wall, and He said, "That you may know that I am not a ghost, here handle Me. Give me something to eat." It is the kind of a body, beloved, that you and I will receive at the great day of resurrection, because His body is the first fruit. You also shall have that kind of a body, a real body. Now these are things that we don't totally understand and yet we know that the composition our body is being changed constantly. We were told formerly that the change took seven years, but now some say within one year. So the fact is that the earthly body is changed.
But Paul speaks of something else, as he says in Corinthians, "a real body and yet a spiritual body with capabilities that we do not have." You see, I think there is a clue to the ascension of Christ, [and] one reason why Christ was not fully recognized on that day of resurrection even when He was with His disciples to the road to Emmaus. Yes, it was a physical body. And it is a physical body, the angels say, that will be seen upon His return to this Earth. When He comes this second time, He will come in like manner as you have seen Him go. The return of Christ is going to be a visible return. There are some who have suggested that the return of Christ takes place when He comes into your heart and things such as that. The last event in the life of Jesus Christ, the return of Jesus Christ, will be a physical, visible return. That's what the text says. This first time He came in a very private way and then He ascended up into heaven. The next time He comes, the Bible says, in glory, in power, and the world will know. We don't fully understand, but the world will know, of that there is no question.
It was a bodily ascension into heaven.
Then, He bodily ascended into heaven. He bodily ascended up into heaven. Let me speak about the heavens. When we use that term, we think about the stars, the moon, and that is one way the Bible uses it and yet it uses it beyond that. There is a place: the heaven as it is used here is where God is. Now some folk will say, "Is it this side of the moon, that side of the moon?" There are people who I have dealt with who are critical, almost obnoxious. We have come to understand in our day that the cosmos out there is immense. Heaven is where Christ is: that's what the Bible teaches. Where Christ is, right now, is where heaven is. Everyone who is there in heaven is there in spirit, except Christ in His spiritual body. And it says He ascended up into heaven.
Now, there are those who will say, "Well, how about those poor folks in China? Heaven is from Israel up. How about those folks? They have no heaven or is there a second heaven?" Well again, that is a very obnoxious way of dealing with Scripture. It is a way the Scripture always uses this kind of terminology in terms of looking at it from the viewer's point of view. We still use it that way when we're talking about the sun that is going to rise at six tomorrow. We know the sun does not rise; it's not going to set. It is simply as it is viewed.
Now that's the way that Christ is. At that point, He went up to a place that is heaven. He went in a spiritual body. Men have asked me, "Well, when we bring our spaceships down we have all these protective plaques around the spaceship because there is tremendous heat; or it is cold up there –what happened to Christ's body?" And then, "How long did it take Him to get there?" Those are ridiculous questions. He was there immediately. When He ascended up into heaven and left their sight, I think in the next moment He was in heaven because He's not bound physically. And He passed right through all of the barriers, all of the celestial bodies, and everything else, just like that, because He was in a spiritual body. We don't understand all these things and yet it is not as though we are stupid or that the Bible is presenting stupid ideas to us.
It was a bodily ascension into heaven where He was received in glory.
He bodily ascended into heaven, 2) in heaven is where He is, and 3) He was received. The 24th Psalm speaks of the receiving of Christ into glory. "Lift up your heads, you everlasting gates, let the King of Glory come in." The scene is, as we would understand it, a great conquering victor coming home from battle, and the city gates are opened up (this is the city of heaven) and He is received. "Who is this King of Glory, the one mighty in battle?" He has won the battle on this Earth and He is received into heaven, and the angels and all of the heavenly beings honor Him, glorify Him. That's the picture in the book of the Revelation. He is vindicated. He leaves this Earth as One who was crucified by mankind and with only a handful of believers; He is received in the next moment into truth in heaven with glory and honor and majesty.
And in John 17 He prayed to the Father, on that night before He was taken, that He would be received back into heaven that He might receive the glory He had before He came to this Earth. He is glorified and received again, not only with the glory of God that only shone forth once through His physical being on this Earth, on the Mount of Transfiguration; but He receives the glory of the conquering hero, the conquering God, who conquered, what? Death. And gave His life for our sins. And He is received in all glory, the book of Hebrews says, that "He sits down," at the beginning of the book of Hebrews, "with the majesty on High." And He is received to sit with God. That means, He rules. Every local Presbyterian Church has as its ruling body, a session. The word session means "a sitting," "a sitting body that rules." That's why they are called ruling elders. That's what it means when a session sits, "it comes to make decisions and rule." And that's what it means when Jesus Christ is received up into heaven: He is seated on the right hand of God the Father almighty –on the right hand, the place of honor. And so Christ is in glory, honored, received, and ruling, ruling.
II. Application Jesus Christ ministers to us on Earth through the work of the Holy Spirit.
Now that leads us to the second place and that is application. I want to go through three things, I believe, that Christ does. You see, the ministry of Jesus Christ on this Earth, in a sense, was finished in that He gave His life, as an atonement for sin. His ministry continues; His work continues. We are not serving a God who did something 2,000 years ago. We are serving a God, the Lord Christ, who is alive and who is at work, now, today, in this year.
Do you see the difference? There are religions and there are some of us as Christians, I believe, who look at Jesus Christ as simply something in the pages of the history of the Bible. But we have failed to see that from pages of the Bible, Christ is presented as One who is alive now and at work. He is at work on this Earth. How is He at work on this Earth? He leaves and ascends, and when He enters into heaven, He sends the Holy Spirit. He said in the 16th chapter of the gospel of John, "it is expedient that I go," and they were concerned about His leaving this Earth and leaving them alone. He said, "I will not leave you alone. I will give you the Comforter, One who will come along side of you. He will lead you into all truth. He will convict you. He will speak of Me." And so He goes, and ten days after the ascension of Jesus Christ, when He has just told His disciples, "Go back to Jerusalem and wait," ten days later Pentecost comes and the Spirit of God descends in power and force as never before on the day of Pentecost."
The ministry of Jesus Christ continues through the work of the Holy Spirit, whom He sends. When the Holy Spirit comes, He gives us power. We are weak (are we not?) and feel helpless. And He said to His disciples, 'Wait. You shall receive power.' When they were in the presence of Jesus Christ on this Earth, the disciples, physically, ah they were so confident as long as He was present. He is no longer present with them. But do you see the essential nature of His sending the Holy Spirit? If He were physically present on this Earth, He might not be in Jackson, Mississippi and He might not be in First Presbyterian Church tonight. He might be in another city, another country. But He is here with us because through His Holy Spirit He is with all His people individually and corporately around this world and He empowers them. You are not alone and you are not operating simply under your own power. He not only sends the Holy Spirit to give us power; it is the Holy Spirit who continues and inspires the apostles to write this book. By the way, the relationship and communication of Christ through His disciples changed after the resurrection. Up until that time it was very physical. They put their arms around Him. In the last 40 days after His resurrection, I believe the whole purpose of His coming, leaving, showing that He had a real body, was to teach them, 'You now live with Me, communicate with Me, in a totally different plane, on a spiritual plain.' It's the plane that you and I deal with Him tonight, not on a physical plane, but on a spiritual plane. But He is with us always.
He not only empowers us from within; He gives us the Scripture. It is the Holy Spirit who comes and who takes the apostles and writes the New Testament, all the doctrines, all the truth. It is the New Testament that enlightens the Old Testament. This is the way that Christ rules, this and every church. When we speak about Christ ruling the Church, how does He rule the Church? Now, through two means: through the sending and work of the Holy Spirit in our hearts, and through the rule book, the Bible. He sends the Holy Spirit to write His truths and He rules the Church through the Bible. That's why when there are groups that have authorities other than the Scriptures. There are always those authorities, you see, that are man-made authorities. A direct rule of Christ is through the work of the Holy Spirit and through the Scriptures. This is how He rules His Church.
The Holy Spirit is also the One who brings salvation, the work of Jesus Christ that was accomplished on the cross. That's what John means when it says, "You are born from above." That's what the Bible means in John 3 when it says that, "Life comes by the Spirit." You must be born again. It is the Holy Spirit who enters into your heart, opens your eyes that you may see what was accomplished by Christ on the cross, through His sinless life, and His virgin birth. And so it is the Holy Spirit who not only gives us power for living the Christian life, Christ governs His people by sending the Spirit personally and bringing you alive and ruling you through the Scripture. How is Christ actively alive and at work today? Through the work of the Holy Spirit whom He sends.
Now there is a sense in which in the Old Testament, the emphasis is upon God the Father. In the gospels, when Christ was on this Earth, this emphasis is upon the Son. It doesn't mean that Christ was not mentioned in the Old Testament. If you come Sunday I am going to enter into a series of sermons on the life of Sampson, and I believe Christ physically dealt with Sampson's mother and father. The emphasis is upon the Father in the gospels; but it is upon Christ, physically, when you come into the New Testament. In terms of after the ascension, it is primarily a new emphasis on the life, ministry, and work of the Holy Spirit whom Christ has sent. The Father sends the Son; the Son sends the Spirit –all in total agreement, all sitting and ruling in heaven at this moment. How is Christ at work tonight? Through the Holy Spirit. We must teach and believe and trust and know. You cannot but read the book of the Acts and the New Testament epistles without seeing the work of the Holy Spirit. That is how Christ is at work.
Jesus Christ ministers to us in heaven through intercession.?He not only is at work...and this is the last thing that He is doing (I suggest to you among others, but these are the major things). How is Christ ministering to us tonight? He ministers through the direct work of the Holy Spirit: He ministers on this Earth through Holy Spirit. He ministers in heaven by interceding for us. He intercedes for us in this way. A number of years ago, perhaps some of you remember there was fire in a hotel in Atlanta. This would have been 40, 50 years ago. Many people died; many laws were changed. Two who died through smoke inhalation were two teenage girls who had been visiting Atlanta at a youth ministry. They were teenage high school girls. When they found them dead, they had the Bible open to John 14. They knew they would face death and John 14, "Let not your heart be troubled, you believe in God, believe also in Me, in My Father's house are many mansions, if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you." The first ministry of Jesus Christ as the intercessor is He prepares a place for you that when you die... How many times have I had a funeral and I have not used those verses? Seldom. He is the One who prepares a place for you.
He not only prepares a place for you in heaven, but He also intercedes for you as your great high priest. The whole book of the Hebrews is basically about the priesthood of Jesus Christ. The priesthood of Jesus Christ is that you have direct access to the Father through your high priest, Jesus Christ. That's why, in the Reformation, one of the great marks of the Reformation was the priesthood of all believers. We do not have any man or any church that intercedes for us. That's why in a worship service I don't turn my back on you. I am not interceding for you as though you must go through me. And it is still a critical mark of the truth of our church.
Now, what are we saying about the intercession of Jesus Christ? It means that when He interceded into heaven, remember the priest who took the blood of the animal in the Old Testament, He takes Christ's blood into heaven. Not a bowl of blood but He brings His marks. You remember in His body, He shows the scars.
Have you ever tried on a pair of glasses? Let's say a rose-colored pair of glasses. They are tinted rose; everything is rose. When God looks at you, He looks at you through the rose-colored glasses of Jesus Christ. You are not here and Christ there. He always looks at you through Jesus Christ and with Jesus Christ. And Jesus Christ is always interceding for you, saying, 'That one I purchased on Calvary's cross, Father.' Your standing in heaven is dependent tonight upon that One who is interceding for you and who gives you ground for your salvation. That's what His work is in heaven for you.
He is your great high priest. He is also your great high priest in that all of your prayers go through Him. That's why we pray in the name of Jesus Christ. It's not a little thing we tack on in the end. We are acknowledging to God that "I cannot approach You in my sin. I cannot even approach You in prayers, except through my Great High Priest who has cleansed and given me a ground, a standing before You forever."
It also means, as Christ intercedes, that we on this Earth are not perfect. He is interceding for us in that He presents, as the book of Hebrews says, "our works and our worship." We like to believe that we have worship services that have some power, that God is honored and that God moves in the hearts of His people. Would there be a soul here who believes that you have worshiped perfectly tonight? That there's nothing wrong? That you've given your best and your whole? The worship that we offer to Him is not always fully in the Spirit, Spirit-filled, and fully in truth. Yet, Jesus Christ takes our worship and presents it to the Father. He said, 'Whatever you do...If you give a cup of cold water in My name, I'll remember it and honor you for it.' The same is true of our work. Our work is not perfect but Christ intercedes for us.
Conscience will kill you. Conscience will say, "You believe that you are going to heaven?" Conscience will be attacked by Satan who is the accuser of the brethren. And Satan will accuse and accuse, and he will use people, and he will use your conscience and you will be walking with such guilt trip that it is unbelievable. But the Lord Jesus said to Peter in that Upper Room, "Satan seeks to sift you like wheat, but I have prayed for you." When you are converted, when you trust Me, and when you have understood it's not you, it's Me –and then He restored Peter after His resurrection. That Christ, as 1 John says, 'He is our lawyer.' "He is our advocate when we sin before the Father," the One who loved us and died for us. He is taking your work and your worship and He is perfecting it in heaven, until one day we, our work, and our worship will be perfect. And then one day He will come, and when He does your soul will be resurrected, your body will be resurrected and joined with your soul; then you will have the glorious body. And that will be the last great event in the life of Jesus Christ. He will bring His kingdom, and we shall live on this Earth. I am going to close by reading these few verses.
Who was predicted, born of a virgin, lived a sinless life, died for our sins on Calvary, rose on the third day, and has ascended and intercedes and works now and will come again as we pray together.
The loving Father, we come to Thee and offer Thee praise and thanks for our great Savior and for the work of Thy Holy Spirit, and our prayer is also for one another. Forgive us if we have a low, a contemporary view of our great Savior. Father, if there be a single soul here on this night who hesitates about commitment of life to Christ as Savior and as God, even now may Your Spirit have made sense in that one's heart and soul, and may the risen Christ be His God and Lord and Savior now through faith. And if there be one here highly discouraged or troubled, may he lift his eyes and see the conqueror and see the end. And if there be any here who are afforded great opportunity to do great things for Jesus Christ, may they know of the risen Savior. Hear our prayers, we pray, in His holy name as He taught His people to pray, "Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed by Thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day, our daily bread, and forgive us debts as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil, for Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen.
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How do you usually get around? When you’re home, especially if you live in the states, it’s probably by car, bus, or if you’re lucky – a bike. Getting around while traveling is an entirely different experience, and it can be a challenge – but that’s also part of the fun. I like to take things slow, and I try to integrate as much as possible into the local lifestyle, which usually means using trains, trams or bikes if you’re spending time in Europe. If you take the time to figure out the system, using local transportation is easy, and it makes you feel like you’re a part of Amsterdam, Berlin, or Brussels, even if it’s just for a few days.
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When did people first wear slippers for comfort at home in the UK?
They never seem to be referenced in films and literature set in the medieval period. Although popular in the Far East for centuries they don’t seem to appear until about the late 19th/ early 20c in the UK.
Best Answer: People have had soft comfortable shoes reserved for indoor wear pretty much since shoes were first invented; if only because outdoor shoes got muddy and in Europe, unlike the Middle East, it was often too cold to pad about barefoot indoors. The Romans had a kind of soft-soled slip-on shoe called a "soccus", the origin of our word "sock". (In fact they had socks as well, but they called them "udones".) It is a safe bet that in the Roman province of Britannia people wore them at home.
Indoor shoes in medieval Britain were often the same shape as their outdoor shoes (so in contemporary illustrations you can't tell the difference), only made in softer materials. Really luxurious indoor shoes for winter were fur-lined. The first known sighting of the specific word "slipper" for a slip-on indoor shoe is from the late 15th century.
From then on, slippers are *mentioned* quite often in historical letters, inventories and literature. But they did not get shown much in art, because people having their portraits painted usually put on their most formal suit for the purpose. But at the beginning of the 18th century a trend began of having oneself painted in casual indoor clothes, and in that kind of portrait you very often see slippers, as in the source below.
In my house, we don't need no stinking slippers. Our smelly feet is good enough.
You need to define "slippers"! And note that many films are notoriously "out of period" in terms of exact dress, and room furniture, and weapons, etc for a period. Novelists writing at any particular time in history seldom write about the minutiae of dress and footware. You cannot rely (as with films) on "historical novels" written in modern times as a guide.
April 6th, 1322, at 3:22 pm exactly.
Since Old English has a word for 'slipper' - slypescoh - they must have been worn in the the Early Middle ages.
In the medieval period they wore comfortable shoes (although not made for the left and right foot) and strapped pattens over the top to walk outside.
You may be sure that people weren't necessarily clomping around in the boots and clogs or pattens they wore outdoors when they came indoors. Many people would have changed out of such footgear into softer, more comfortable shoes when they went indoors. That would have been happening thousands of years ago, in places like Greece and in Roman regions.
But we wouldn't necessarily have records of ancient slippers, because so much written material from history has been lost. And soft indoor shoes could simply have been called "shoes" in surviving inventories. There wouldn't necessarily have been a distinguishing word used by whoever compiled an inventory. One might have come into usage in a given language only later, at some particular historical point.
Modern films and novels are not a great guide to the past or to the clothing of the past. The writers and costumers do some research, but they aren't necessarily going to be historically accurate down to the slipper level, and often they aren't very historically accurate at all, because of whatever effect they want to create.
How is Eastern differ from Western Europe in general?
What are some example of nationalism and ethnic examples? Why do ethnic conflicts arise?
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Which is better - carpet, or polished wooden floors? The answer really depends on your own personal preferences, and sometimes the situations that you find yourself in.
For example, many people suffer from allergies. If you have pets, and you have an allergy to pet dander, carpets will only exacerbate the issue. That is because they trap allergens, and readily circulate them whenever you step on the floor.
If this is the case, polished wooden floors are the best option.
On the other hand, if you do not suffer from allergies, and you have a very cold winters, carpet may be the best choice for your floor, because it will act as an installation base in the winter, minimising the need for additional heating and hence higher electricity bills.
So think carefully, and make the decision based on your own needs and requirements.
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Is distortion in lines and objects a symptom of ocular histoplasmosis?
Yes distortion can occur in histoplasmosis (disease caused by inhalation of a fungus, which can affect vision) when it affects the retina. If there is a new or worsening distortion please see your ophthalmologist or retina specialist promptly since bad blood vessels could be growing under the retina and could cause loss of vision and treatment can be initiated.
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강제로 떠나야만 했던 한국인 집단은 무엇일까요?
정답 : 해외입양인. 한국전쟁이 끝난 후부터 200,000 명 가량으로 추정되는 입양아들이 강제로 해외로 보내졌습니다. 입양은 오늘날에도 계속되고 있으며 매년 1,000명 가량의 아이들이 해외에 입양됩니다. 입양의 역사는 한국내에서 국제적 수치라는 이유로 묵과 되었으나 이제 한국은 역사를 정리하고 입양아들을 백만명 으로 추정되는 한국에 살고 있는 그들의 부모, 조부모, 형제와 화해 시킬 때 입니다.
미국과 한국중 어느나라가 더 빈곤한가요?
정답 : 미국이 한국보다 더 빈곤하다.
OECD의 보고에 따르면 전체적인 빈곤률은 미국과 한국이 (17.1% vs. 14.6%) 로 미국의 빈곤률이 더 높습니다. 또한 아동의 빈곤역시 미국과 한국이 (20.6% vs. 10.7%)로 미국이 더 높습니다.
정답 : 네, 미국 아동복지 연맹의 보고에 따르면 16세 이하의 109,316명의 미국 아이들이 입양을 대기하고 있습니다.
그들은 평균적으로 가족을 얻기위해 4년을 기다립니다.
미국의 사는 고아들의 수는 8,174명 입니다.
미국의 부모들이 국제 입양기구를 통해 한국에서 입양해온 아이들을 기르는 돈으로 한국의 가정은 얼마나 오래 부양할수 있는지 계산하시오.
미국의 양부모들은 32,762,613원을 한국인 입양아에게 지불합니다. 만약 32,762,613원이 아이들의 엄마에게 매달 5만원씩 분배 된다면,(이는 한국정부가 매달 싱글맘에게 지급하는 양과 동일),그 엄마와 아이는 30년동안 부양될 수 있습니다. 그러나 한달에 5만원은 충분한 액수가 아닙니다.다른식으로 계산해 본다면 : 만약 초기 5년동안 동일한 액수의 돈이 엄마와 아이에게 지급된다면, 그 엄마는 매달 546,043원으로 자기 아이를 돌볼 수 있을 것입니다. 물론 이 액수의 돈은 가정도 부양할 수 있습니다.
한국은 오랫동안 전쟁으로 인한 고아가 없었다. 오늘날의 모든 입양아들은 가족이 존재한다, 비록 그 가족이 단지 엄마와 자식으로만 구성되어 있다 뿐이다.
유럽의 국가들은 엄마가 정부에 의해 지원을 받고 있다는 이유로 입양을 선택하지 않으며, 오히려 그들이 자식을 기르도록 독려해 준다. 미혼모들을 차별하는 이유가 되는 전제는 부부라는 지위라는 말도안되는 상식에서 비롯된 것이다.
비록 입양이 사랑에서 비롯된 행동이라 할지라도 우리는 반드시 입양이란 엄마와 그 소중한 아들이 떨어지는것에서부터 시작된다는 점을 기억해야 한다. 그리고 비록 국내에서의 입양이 국제 입양보다 더 낫다고 본다해도 그역시 엄마와 아들이 떨어지므로서 발생하게 되는 것이다. 국제기구는 최선의 해결책은 아이와 엄마를 함께 있게 하는것이라는데 동의했다.
세계와 종교의 모든 지도자들은 사회를 평가하는 기준을 그 사회가 어떻게 그 사회 내의 약자를 대하는지에서 찾을 수 있다고 했다. 아이와 엄마를 함께 있게 하는 것이 가장 최선이며 고귀한 현재 우리와 같은 나라에게 해결책이 될 것이다.
What is the missing Korean diasporic group?
Answer: Internationally adopted Koreans. An estimated 200,000 adoptees have been sent abroad since the end of the Korean War. The adoption program continues today with over 1,000 children sent abroad every year for adoption. The history of international adoption in Korea has been silenced out of national shame, but it is time for Korea to clean history and reconcile with the adoptees and their estimated 1 million parents, grandparents, siblings and relatives living in Korea.
Which country has more poverty, the U.S. or Korea?
Answer: The U.S. has more poverty than South Korea.
The OECD reports that the overall poverty rate of the U.S. is higher than that of South Korea (17.1% vs. 14.6%).
It also reports that child poverty is higher in the U.S. than in South Korea (20.6% vs. 10.7%).
Answer: Yes. The Child Welfare League of America reports that there are 109,316 American children under 1the age of 16 waiting to be adopted.
They wait an average of about 4 years for a family.
There are 8,174 children who live in American orphanages.
Calculate how long a Korean family could be supported with the same amount of money paid by American parents to adopt a Korean baby through an international adoption agency.
Answer: Over 30 years of support at 50,000 won per month or 5 years of support at 546,043 won per month.
American adoptive parents pay 32,762,613 won to adopt a Korean child. If that 32,762,613 won were distributed to the same child’s mother at 50,000 a month (the amount of money given to Korean single mothers by the Korean government per month) the mother and her child could be supported for over 30 years. However, because 50,000 per month is not adequate, let us calculate differently: If the same sum of money were used to support the mother and child over the first 5 critical years, the mother could have 546,043 per month in support to take care of her own child. Certainly that amount of support that could keep families together.
Korea has not had war orphans for a very long time. All the children going for adoption today already belong to a family, even if that family only consists of a mother and a child.
In advanced European countries, there are almost no adoptions at all because mothers are supported by the government and encouraged to keep their children. Discrimination against mothers simply on the basis of marital status is unthinkable.
Although adoption can be a loving action, we must remember that every adoption first begins with the separation of a mother and her precious baby. And although domestic adoption is preferable to international adoption, the child is still separated from her mother. International institutions agree that the best solution is to keep children with their mothers in the first place.
Leaders all over the world, of all religions, have said that the measure of a society is how it treats its weakest members. Keeping children with their mothers is the best and most dignified solution for a modern country like ours.
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Eat your way through Mexico on this incredible culinary tour. Stay at Mexico’s best luxury hotels, enjoy cultural touring with your own guide and driver in each location, enjoy authentic regional cuisine, explore markets and take cooking classes by renowned instructors.
Begin in Merida, the gateway to the Yucatan. Spend several days exploring surrounding Mayan villages and ruins. Accommodation is at the best luxury hacienda property in the region. With your private guide and driver, browse colorful food markets, visit local Mayan homes and villages, and enjoy a cooking class at an acclaimed Yucatan cooking school.
Continue to Mexico City, the sophisticated and vibrant capital of Mexico. Your expert guide and private driver will show you the very best of the city and provide a wonderful link to the local history, culture and restaurant scene. Visit excellent museums, such as the Museum of Anthropology; explore a variety of neighborhoods, including those best known for their beautiful residences, colorful markets, art galleries and boutiques, and highly recommended restaurants. See murals, explore ruins such as Templo Mayor, and take a private canal cruise through the floating gardens at Xochimilco. Explore the city’s enormous food market and enjoy reservations at some of the country’s best restaurants. Accommodation will be at the city’s leading luxury hotel.
Next, visit Puebla, the home of Poblano mole sauce and traditional Talavera pottery. Spend two days exploring the city with your private guide. Enjoy a cooking class and explore the local food markets before continuing to Oaxaca, one of Mexico’s best destinations for gastronomy and traditional arts. Explore the plazas, food markets and back streets of the colonial center and visit art galleries and folk art shops. Spend a day exploring the surrounding valleys with your private guide, including visits to local Indian markets and craft villages. Your guide will introduce you to the most noted local artisans specializing in black pottery, wood carvings, textiles and more. Also explore Zapotec and Mixtec ruins in the region. Spend a morning at a cooking class to learn to prepare Oaxacan specialties. Sample local products such as Oaxacan chocolate and cheese, visit a Mezcal distillery or learn how to make mole sauces.
Next, fly to Mexico City for the drive to enchanting San Miguel de Allende, the base for exploring Mexico’s colonial heartland. Enjoy a privately-guided tour of town, best known for its cobblestone backstreets lined with beautiful colonial buildings, high quality local crafts and folk art, contemporary galleries, design and antique shops, lively markets, interesting small museums, and beautiful homes and gardens. Spend one day enjoying a cooking class at a renowned cooking school and time for dining at San Miguel’s excellent restaurants.
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But what about the harmful effects of blue light rays?
How many hours do you spend in front of a digital screen? Most of us spend the majority of our waking hours staring at a digital screen. Studies suggest that 60% of people spend more than 6 hours a day in front of a digital device.
Light is made up of electromagnetic particles that travel in waves. These waves emit energy, and range in length and strength. The shorter the wavelength; the higher the energy. The length of the waves is measured in nanometers (nm), with 1 nanometer equaling 1 billionth of a meter. Every wavelength is represented by a different color, and is grouped into the following categories: gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays, visible light, infrared light, and radio waves. Together these wavelengths make up the electromagnetic spectrum. However, the human eye is sensitive to only one part of this spectrum: visible light. Visible light is that part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is seen as colors: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. Blue light has a very short wavelength, and so produces a higher amount of energy. Studies suggest that, over time, exposure to the blue end of the light spectrum could cause serious long-term damage to your eyes.
Blue light is actually everywhere. When outside, light from the sun travels through the atmosphere. The shorter, high energy blue wavelengths collide with the air molecules causing blue light to scatter everywhere. This is what makes the sky look blue. In its natural form, your body uses blue light from the sun to regulate your natural sleep and wake cycles. This is known as your circadian rhythm. Blue light also helps boost alertness, heighten reaction times, elevate moods, and increase the feeling of well being. Artificial sources of blue light include electronic devices such as cell phones and laptop computers, as well as energy-efficient fluorescent bulbs and LED lights. Sources of blue light include the sun, digital screens (TVs, computers, laptops, smart phones and tablets), electronic devices, and fluorescent and LED lighting.
Blue light waves are the among the shortest, highest energy wavelengths in the visible light spectrum. Because they are shorter, these "Blue" or High Energy Visible (HEV) wavelengths flicker more easily than longer, weaker wavelengths. This kind of flickering creates a glare that can reduce visual contrast and affect sharpness and clarity. This flickering and glaring may be one of the reasons for eyestrain, headaches, physical and mental fatigue caused by many hours sitting in front of a computer screen or other electronic device. Our eyes' natural filters do not provide sufficient protection against blue light rays from the sun, let alone the blue light emanating from these devices or from blue light emitted from fluorescent-light tubes. Prolonged exposure to blue light may cause retinal damage and contribute to age-related macular degeneration, which can lead to loss of vision.
Where is the increased exposure to blue light coming from? The evolution in digital screen technology has advanced dramatically over the years, and many of today's electronic devices use LED back-light technology to help enhance screen brightness and clarity. These LEDs emit very strong blue light waves. Cell phones, computers, tablets and flat-screen televisions are just among a few of the devices that use this technology. Because of their wide-spread use and increasing popularity, we are gradually being exposed to more and more sources of blue light and for longer periods of time. Spending just two consecutive hours on a digital device can cause eyestrain and fatigue.
Most of us spend the majority of our waking hours staring at digital screen, whether it's the computer at work, our personal cell phone, playing a video game, or just relaxing and watching TV. Digital eyestrain is a new term used to describe the conditions resulting from the use of today's popular electronic gadgets. Digital eyestrain is a medical issue with serious symptoms that can affect learning and work productivity. Symptoms of digital eyestrain, or computer vision syndrome, include blurry vision, difficulty focusing, dry and irritated eyes, headaches, neck and back pain. Digital eyestrain has overtaken carpal-tunnel syndrome as the number one computer-related complaint. Digital eyestrain does not just affect adults. Children are also at risk for eyestrain due to their growing use of digital devices. Children today have more digital tools at their disposal than ever before – tablets, smart phones, e-readers, video games are just among a few.
According to a study by the Kaiser family Foundation, children and teenagers (ages 8-18) spend more than 7 hours a day consuming electronic media. Before age 10, children's eyes are not fully developed. The crystalline lens and cornea are still largely transparent and overexposed to light, so too much exposure to blue light is not a good thing. Parents should supervise and limit the amount of screen time their children are permitted. Be sure to see your eye doctor at least every two years for a comprehensive eye examination. It is a good way to monitor your eye health, maintain good vision and keep track of your solar radiation protection needs as well as new advances in eye protection.
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Who's the king (or queen) in your home - you or your cat? While it may chagrin you, there are mental health benefits in letting her be the control freak she wants to be. Especially when you also get these other factors right. You'll especially appreciate it later in her life.
Whether it's called an orca, blackfish or killer whale, this animal commands respect.
Many species of ants engage in farming practices from food, from growing fungus to raising mealybugs and aphids. New research found that some ants also use plants for food and shelter, and even began farming plants for this purpose in a mutually dependent relationship that's the first of its kind ever recorded.
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Conflict in the workplace is a fact of life, and the world of sports is not immune to its effects.
It is normal and unavoidable for people with different goals and needs to occasionally disagree and find themselves in a conflict. This is not necessarily a bad thing and as long as conflict is resolved effectively, it can lead to creativity and personal growth. It can become a source of innovation, continuous improvement, and competitive advantage. Effective conflict resolution skills can make a significant difference between positive and negative consequences of conflict. In addition, organizational culture and structure are important contributors to organizational conflict. By resolving conflict successfully, one can resolve many problems brought into the surface by conflict, and reach many unexpected benefits. These include increased competitiveness, better understanding and group cohesion, as well as improved self-knowledge. When conflict is resolved and managed well, it expands people’s awareness and gives them better insights into how they can reach their own goals without undermining those of other people. In addition, team members can develop stronger mutual respect, and a renewed ability to work together. Conflict forces people to question their goals and helps them to prioritize and focus better. This will enhance their effectiveness.
Conflict is caused by individual sources such as diversity, stress, role confusion, lack of work/life balance, and differences in attitude, personality, perception, and locus of control. Organizational sources of conflict include mechanistic organizational structure, strict hierarchy and line of command, poor communication, and bureaucracy. This can be further escalated by lack of resources, inflexibility to environment, and poor morale as well as overall negative organizational culture. The good news that there are many ways to overcome these challenges. Learning organizations are organizations that are skilled in managing conflict and learning from mistakes in a continuous fashion. Innovation is an important result of learning and occurs only when people are willing to experiment and be assertive, sharing their ideas and creativity. When conflict is approached in a proactive and positive manner, and managed well, it can become this source of learning and creativity. Learning builds culture, which impacts strategy and forms structure. Everything is connected according to the system’s model of organization.
If conflict is not handled effectively, the results can be very damaging. Conflicting goals can quickly turn into personal dislikes and teamwork can break down. Talent can be wasted as people disengage from their work, and the organization can end up in a vicious downward spiral of negativity and blame. To keep a team or organization working effectively, one needs to stop this downward spiral as soon as possible. To do this, it helps to understand two of the theories that lie behind effective conflict resolution techniques. These include conflict styles by Thomas and Kilmann and the Interest-Based Relational Approach. In the 1970’s Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann identified five main styles of dealing with conflict that vary in their degrees of cooperativeness and assertiveness. They argued that people typically have a preferred conflict resolution style. However they also noted that different styles were most useful in different situations. Interest-Based Relational Approach is a conflict resolution strategy that respects individual differences while helping people avoid becoming too entrenched in a fixed position. These two models are a good start in the journey of positive conflict management.
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Colleges are struggling to increase student retention rates. What would Walt think of the way staff, faculty, students and parents all interact? Walt Disney once said “do what you do so well that they will want to see it again and bring back their friends.” If Walt was to go back to college today, what might be some of his advice to colleges and universities?
1. Review the key processes of registration, admission and financial aid to streamline, make less complicated, and give staff a chance to build relationships with people, not just conduct transactions.
2. Bring a person who has never been to your institution onto your campus and let them help you identify where your signage is confusing and unclear.
3. Tell every staff person they must practice aggressive courtesy with students, co-workers, and visitors. This means smiling at others when walking through the campus, looking for lost students and before they ask you for directional help -you offer to help, following through on promises of timeliness and being available, making sure student knows the next step of the process they must go through.
4. Cleaning up the campus including restrooms, grounds, hallways, classrooms to ensure the environment is a pleasant place to be.
5. Treat each student as if they were a guest in your home and you are happy to see and make them feel welcome.
6. Treat co-workers with respect.
These six actions could transform your college campus to becoming a place students and employees want to be and they will tell their friends. There is no better way to market, than referrals, and when friends recommend friends, they are more apt to stay till graduation.
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When one is sentenced to jail and the individual has a job and or significant family duties, electronic home monitoring is an attractive option if one qualifies. Electronic home monitoring can also be well worth the cost if one can work entirely from home, i.e. on the computer.
Brief of Article: Electronic Home Monitoring – How do I Request this and do I get Good Conduct Credits while Serving Time at Home?
There is no written standard on who qualifies and who does not. Instead, under Penal Code § 1203.016(e), "at the time of sentencing or at any time that the court deems it necessary, the court may restrict or deny the defendant's participation in a home detention program." In other words, each individual is considered by the judge and the judge decides if defendant may participate in such a program.
If the judge does allow this, it is best to have a representative from Sentinel electronic home monitoring meet the defendant at the court at sentencing and have the device “installed” on defendant’s ankle or wrist.
There is a fee for being on this program – roughly $100 to be initially equipped with the device and then a daily fee of about $15. Consequently, it is not a viable or affordable alternative if the individual is facing significant time in custody. The expense can become quite large in a relatively short time. The individual must have a home telephone line that is a land-line (not just a cell phone) so the local police can monitor the whereabouts of the defendant.
The savvy attorney knows that the jail often also considers the individual for this program. Consequently, if the judge has made it known that he does not like defendant or that he is adverse to electronic home monitoring, it is best not to ask the judge and receive an adverse ruling on this issue that the jail may consider determinative. It is better to let the jail alone make the decision.
Our clients often ask about their eligibility for good conduct credits while on electronic monitoring when or if ordered by the jail. It is usually understood that if a judge grants the request for electronic home monitoring, good conduct credits are not available.
There is no appellate case addressing entitlement to credits under Penal Code § 1203.017 if the defendant is put on electronic monitoring involuntarily as a result of jail overcrowding. However, section 1203.017(a) says, “[p]articipants in the program shall receive any sentence reduction credits that they would have received had they served their sentences in a county correctional facility." This seems to suggest that good conduct credits would be available if the jail releases an inmate to electronic home monitoring due to jail overcrowding.
In contrast, in People v. Anaya (2007) 158 Cal.App.4th 608, the court of appeal denied conduct credits for persons placed on electronic monitoring under Penal Code § 1203.016, which is placement by the judge. The court observed that even if the defendant was serving a mandatory sentence, only actual time credit is allowed: "[Section 2900.5(f)] is not triggered unless a defendant both serves time and is sentenced under a statute requiring mandatory minimum jail time. Once the subdivision applies, it provides only that the time served qualifies as mandatory jail time, not any other time." Id. at p. 614.
However, at the time Anaya was decided, placement on electronic monitoring under section 1203.016 was only voluntary. Now, with AB109, the realignment statute, legislation added the provision allowing involuntary placement in the program. Although section 1203.016 does not contain a credit provision as found in section 1203.017(a), a defendant involuntarily placed on electronic monitoring under section 1203.016 may be able to assert a viable claim for a denial of equal protection if not granted the additional credit. It would be up to one’s attorney to be so bold.
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What makes a Philippines beach resort so unique that it continues to lure tourists from around the world all year round? The answer lies in the beauty of the beaches especially during the scorching heat of the summer season. The hospitality of the local residents makes the tourists feel that they are welcome, promoting a friendly environment.
With the presence of coral reefs and other marine animals existing near the beaches, one may enjoy the pleasures of diving and snorkeling. After a day’s dip in the blue crystal water, night life consists of bars that offer alcoholic beverages that makes a vacation so exciting with families and friends.
Philippines beach resort accommodations are affordable. Furnished by fully-air-conditioned rooms, king-sized beds, Jacuzzi, spa and cable-connected television sets, staying near the beache is a great pleasure. During the rainy season, gusty winds and huge waves attract foreigners who love to take up surfing.
They are the ones who take delight in the crest of rolling waves. Thus the Philippines is no different from Hawaii, which is the haven for surfers.
With the great number of local and foreign tourists flocking to the beaches every year, it is the responsibility of the government to preserve and maintain these beaches.
The environmentalists in the Philippines act as a watchdog so that beaches can be constantly monitored for any degradation that may occur.
The beauty of the beaches is also attributed to the presence of coral reefs that provide sanctuary for fish and other forms of marine life.
If you are looking for a nice sunny place to take your vacation then you definitely have to consider going to a Philippines beach resort. The Philippines is located in South-East Asia and is one of the greatest tourist destinations in the area when it comes to tropical beaches.
10. Siargao Island - This teardrop shaped island is located 800 kilometers southeast of Manila. It is considered to be the Surfing Capital of Asia and of the Philippines. Its proximity to the Philippine Deep and coupled by the waves of the Pacific has made Siargao island a popular venue for surfers. Watch for local and international surfing competitions throughout the year. This location is great for adventure seekers.
9. Pearl Farm Resort - The Pearl Farm Philippines beach resort is one of the best resorts located in Davao, situated in the southern part of the Philippines. The place used to be a pearl farm where they cultivated pearls but they have now transformed it into a resort for everyone to enjoy.
8. El Nido - Considered to be the country's final fronteir, El nido is located in Palawan (island of the gods). This place offers great beaches at the same time takes you away from the hustle and bustle of Urban life. Aside from its magnificent beaches El nido offers its visitors breathtaking sights of beautiful seacapes, towering marble cliffs and diverse wildlife.
7. Honda Bay - a series of islands that surround the capital of the southwestern province of Palawan. Visitors can enjoy a series of different activities from island hopping to diving, and experience the cool waters of Honda Bay.
6. Dakak - is a private Philippines beach resort that is about 750 meters long. Dakak Beach Resort is located near the provinces of Cebu and Dumaguete. It is situated in the city of Dapitan, exactly 15 minutes away from Jose Rizal's (Philippine National hero) place of exile. Natural spring waters from waterfalls supplies water to the pools of the resort. To reach Dakak, Dipolog city will be the point of entry and a must try restaurant called KenDoughMagic Kaffei is located in this city. Many foreigners frequent this place because of the quality food and service.
5. Camiguin - The place has been affectionately called by some as the "Garden of Eden" in the Philippines. This pear shaped island is located off the coast of Misamis Oriental in northern Mindanao. It has great topography that will really lure you to come back again.
4. Panglao Island - also known as the "little paradise of pure hearts", it is located near the island of Bohol. The small island is known for its peaceful beach resorts and a variety of dive sites. One of the best destinations for divers in the Philippines.
3. Mactan Island - The "Queen City of the South", Cebu city, has its fair share of beautiful beaches and historical landmarks. It is a tropical island and Philippines beach resort area where there are a lot of activities to do and enjoy.
2. Pagudpud - If you are looking for a place that you might compare to Hawaii then Pagudpud is the place for you. This secluded beach has long continuous white sands and inviting beachwaters. Very good place for long romantic walks on the beach.
1. Boracay - is the destination of choice for most locals and foreigners alike. The white sands and the cool waters of Boracay are the backdrop to the hippest parties and events. They party the night away with great music and drinks coupled with a mix of fun-loving people. Tourists flock to the beach of Boracay the whole year round. It has become the most popular beach in the Philippines.
So if you are looking for that great sunny getaway then look no further. A Philippines beach resort caters to everyone. We have beaches for surfers, divers, party goers, for families and couples who just want to spend a quiet time at the beach. Take your pick and visit Philippines today!
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The trees of Birnham Wood moving toward Dunsinane are ____ of Macbeth’s downfall.
In the statement "The trees of Birnham Wood moving toward Dunsinane are ____ of Macbeth’s downfall.", the word that complete the sentence is harbingers. This is the main harbinger that Macbeth's destruction is unavoidable because of his terrible blemish. A reoccurring component in Macbeth will be Macbeth's evasion of his still, small voice and legitimizing his activities in light of his confidence in the powerful. Macbeth killed Duncan and Banquo in light of his faith in the witches' prediction.
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I finished reviewing the new Verizon DBIR (Data Breach Investigations Report). I think this is their best yet. If you are unfamiliar with this report, its the most comprehensive analysis of what the bad guys are doing each year. This years analysis is based on data from 95 countries, 1,367 confirmed breaches and 63,437 incidents. There is some amazing content to help you better focus your awareness program, I recommend you download a copy and spend some time reading it. For a technical report, this is also surprisingly easy (and fun) to read. Below is what stood out for me from a security awareness / behavior change perspective.
FIGURE 19: If you are short on time, skip the details and go straight to page 15 where you will find Figure19. Then, look for your industry in the far left column. You will then be able to identify the greatest risks (Verizon calls it incident classification patterns) to your organization. In SANS MGT433 there is a lab that has you identify the top ten human risks to your organization. This is one of the best sources I’ve found that helps you do just that.
POS: The first incident classification pattern Verizon identifies is POS Intrusions. My top take aways for POS security awareness programs is focus on people understanding and using strong passwords and train people to not use POS systems for any personal/social use. Nothing shocking here, but good to have the data to back these points up.
PHYSICAL THEFT / LOSS: This incident classification pattern is, as you may expect, about people losing devices/data or having it stolen. The key take-away from here is the quote "Losing information assets happens way more than theft, by a 15-to-1 difference". In other words, most awareness programs are teaching the wrong thing by focusing on just theft. Instead of training employees to watch out for bad guys stealing their stuff, we should be teaching employees to do a ‘device check’ after security screening at airports, returning car rentals, leaving an airplane or checking out of hotel rooms. Regardless if a device is lost or stolen, FDE (Full Disk Encryption) is always your friend.
MISCELLANEOUS ERRORS: I'm so glad the Verizon team added this. A large number of incidents (and breaches) are caused by people simply making mistakes. The biggest risk? To quote "Misdelivery (sending paper documents or emails to the wrong recipient) is the most frequently seen error resulting in data disclosure." In other words, yes phishing is a big risk, but when talking about email we should also cover the dangers of email auto-complete when filling out the TO header. Also interesting was failure for proper data disposal which was 3rd in the list. How many of your employees have no idea that a copier machine has hard drives, or feel that once you delete data, it is gone?
CRIMEWARE / MALWARE : For malware, the primary attack vector is Web drive-by/download (81%). Email links/attachments (i.e. phishing) represent only 9% of infection vectors. This implies most phishing attacks(at least effective ones) are the attack vector for APT/Espionage attackers, not standard criminals. The best defense against malware? Keep browsers up-to-date and disable java, which we blogged about last week.
CYBER-ESPIONAGE: I thought this quote was very telling. “...insofar as we can determine from the data before us, however, size doesn’t seem to be a significant targeting factor. industry, on the other hand, does:”. In other words when it comes to APT, size is not the determining factor, your industry is. In addition, it looks like spear phishing may slowly be replaced. Another quote "The proportion of espionage incidents incorporating phishing is lower than our last report (it was 95%), but not because of a drop in actual frequency. This is primarily due to a big increase in the use of strategic web compromises (SWCs) as a method of gaining initial access.” NOTE: What many of us call a water-whole attack Verizon calls a SWC.
EVERYTHING ELSE: This is for incidents where there is not enough data to truly classify it. There is some great data here from ThreatSim folks concerning phishing attacks. A key metric, people are 3x as likely to click on a link as opposed to opening an attachment (p47).
Finally, once again the Human Sensor comes to play. My favorite quote from the report is on p42. “Over the years we have done this research, users have discovered more breaches than any other internal process or technology. it’s not all about prevention; arm them with the knowledge and skills they need to recognize and report potential incidents quickly.” In other words, if you want to improve your detection and response capabilities, be sure to include people and not just technology.
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Is it Safe for my Kids to use the Hot Tub?
Keep in mind that kids should always be accompanied by an adult when they are near water. Babies can handle hot tub soaking at a lower temperature with their parents, but their time in the warm water should probably be kept to a minimum at first. With that being said, the hot tub is absolutely a safe place for kids to have fun. Children love splashing around, and they really enjoy the waterfall and light features different hot tub models offer. Hot tubs are a great place for relaxing, unplugged family time.
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Are growing metro areas spreading opportunity evenly? The data says otherwise.
Looking for a job or simply a change of pace? In a time where a growing share of jobs are not location dependent, the allure of moving is all the more enticing. Knowing that, a number of sites put out city ranking pages to curious searchers. You’ve seen this before. They bait you with a title like: “Top ten cities to live in the US.” You then proceed to click through 10 webpages that take forever to load and often provide informational value besides some bragging rights. After all, if you find your city at the top of those rankings, you can tell others about how special you are for living in an “up and coming” place.
Some guidelines when looking for a place to move: When looking at area statistics, size matters. Rankings for large areas (at state and metro area) are too general to be relevant to a personal decision. Unless the metro area is smaller (with 500,000 people or less), the trends for the area may not reflect evenly in all neighborhoods. You could be moving to a struggling area even within a thriving city. City or county data should also be taken with caution. On the one hand, if you live in a small town in the suburb of a large metro area, the stats of that city may not reflect the opportunities you have at commuting distances. On the other hand, large city trends may also not spread evenly. Currently, I found the Census PUMA (Public Use Micro Data Areas) to be the best unit for understanding a geography. It covers a geographical area of at least 100,000 people but does not surpass 285,000. That ensures that these units have uniform size which helps when making comparisons (just try comparing a county in New York city with one in Iowa and you get the picture). Moreover, it is small enough to be relevant to your present or future address.
The analysis reinforces some regional trends. The South dominates with 6 out of 10 spots. They are concentrated in Florida, Texas, and North Carolina. The Southwest took three spots: two in Arizona and one in Nevada. The odd one out was Boise and Kuna cities' PUMA in Idaho. A closer look shows that these areas are more often than not contained within sizable metro areas. This supports the idea that jobs and job growth belongs to larger and/or growing metro areas. Yet, the story may not be true in all PUMAs in that metro area. Consider the Charlotte area for example. Charlotte Southwest PUMA came in as one of the top ten areas for job growth with 30% increase over the period analyzed. However, of the remaining five PUMAs, three had growth of less than 2% while two actually saw employed population shrink by an average of 4.5% over the same period!
This highlights the perils of average. A fast-growing section within a metro area can artificially inflate the average growth of a city, masking areas of stagnation and decline. It also explains why some people may be struggling to find a job even when living in a thriving city.
Q1. Do you live in any of the metro areas cited above? If so, have you witnessed growing job opportunities?
Q2. Would you consider moving to a place based only on its job prospects?
Q3. How is your neighborhood faring in this growing economy?
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How much non-Objectivist philosophy did Ayn Rand study? Was she well versed in other philosophies?
Her college transcripts are available somewhere and I seem to remember that someone correlated them with classes and teachers given at the time. She herself made only some oblique references to her studies, noting that she read extensively in Aristotle and trudged through Kant for some book review.
She had a history degree from a Russian or Soviet college (I can't remember the exact year that she graduated but it was probably Soviet given that she would have been 12 at the time of the revolution.) She also noted that she was a voracious reader, so I wouldn't doubt that she'd read a lot of philosophy given her obvious interest in the subject.
Thanks, that's where I had read it.
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By far, the movement that involves more muscles in the body than any other lift is the conventional deadlift. Many years ago, a researcher named Per A. Tesch wrote a book called "Muscle Meets Magnet" which published data from various exercises performed under MRI. He found the conventional deadlift uses some 21 muscles in the body. Squats were second, using some 17. The deadlift is a very demanding lift as it uses almost all of the major muscles in the body.
Generally, as there is also a high level of injury when not performed properly, it is best practice to use low reps, between 3-8. The conventional stance deadlift is an excellent precursor to other lifts such as Olymplic lifts and also learning how to pick up heavy weights in a clean and safe manner. It is not necessary for trainers to use extremely heavy weights in the deadlift either, as the goal is to build core strength over and above that which squats alone and other assistance low back movements like the hyperextension.
Wide or Narrow - "Sumo" or "Conventional"?
The conventional deadlift has a greater range of knee extension and involves the spinal erectors to a greater degree than the sumo style deadlift. The narrow stance lift is usually a simpler movement to learn than the sumo style an calls for power in the quads, flexible ankles and a strong back and abdominal wall.
Athletes that require straight line power development such as rowers, track and field, running, skiing, speed skating, sprinting - would probably be better off with the conventional deadlift, while ones who require lateral movement, like football, hockey, volleyball, soccer etc, would be better of with the sumo style.
It has also been noted that people with longer arms are better suited for conventional and those with shorter frames and arms are better of with sumo, however this is not carved in stone as everyone's unique biomechanics are so vastly different. One really has to learn both lifts correctly and experiment for themselves. It is likely that you will find yourself stronger in the sumo deadlift in any event.
Approach the bar with a stance of about shoulder width and make sure the laces of the shoes are under the bar with the toes pointed outwards slightly. As in the squat, the bar should line itself right over the arch of the foot. The lifter should bend down with the feet flat and grasp the bar just outside the legs. To keep the bar from rolling out of the hands, the palms should be facing in opposite directions with the dominant hand usually facing forwards.
The arms should be as perpendicular to the bar as possible with no bend in the arms at all. The shoulders which should be in front of the bar. While keeping the bar as close to the shins as possible, bend at the ankles and knees. The knees should be positioned slightly ahead of the bar with the heels flat and the weight shifted a bit towards the balls of the feet. The head should point slightly upwards.
Before commencing the lift, take a deep breath and expand the chest as you would when setting up the squat. At this point you should feel the arms straighten and the back being pulled tight as the hips move back and up. Now, you should lock the lower back and push down forcefully with the full of both feet using the muscles of the hips and legs.
Throughout the strong hip and leg drive, keep a flat back (neutral lordosis). To help keep this position the head should be held up (not dropping and looking at the floor) and the chest should be ahead of the shoulders, which should be in front of the bar. Squeezing the glutes tight helps maintain back strength and leg drive.
In the wide stance sumo deadlift, the inner thighs and hips are used much more than in the conventional deadlift. This technique is well suited to lifters of all physique type and because it shortens the lever arm, it is especially beneficial to those who are long in the torso. In order to do this lift one must have good flexibility in the adductors and strength in the hips. The harder part about this lift is that the initial drive off of the floor is much harder and usually less explosive.
The shins should touch the bar and the feet angled outwards. Try to place the feet out as far as possible, given that the lower leg is vertical to the floor when in a bent position. Grasp the bar with both hands, taking an alternate-palmed grip. The hand spacing is narrower than the conventional deadlift - depending on your shoulder width, with arms in the perpendicular the grip may be partly off the knurling.
When starting to move the weight, push downwards with the hips and legs with increasing force while pulling up. While applying force, hold the body as tight as possible as the bar comes off the floor. Concentrate on keeping the chests expanded and in front of the shoulders. This position will keep the bar close to the legs and facilitate a superior mechanical advantage as the bar comes upwards. As with the conventional deadlift the hips and shoulders should rise simultaneously with the angle of the back the same from start to finish.
Shins touching the bar when commencing the lift. But before starting the lift, keep the shins a few inches away from the bar, when grabbing the bar, the legs will be straight, then drive the shins forward into the bar, which will bend the knees and dop the hips. By making sure that your shins touch the bar before you start the lift, you ensure that the bar will travel as close to the body as possible, reducing lumbar shear and also will help lower the center of your body.
Feet shoulder width apart. Keep the toes pointed slightly outwards.
Chest out, big breath in. By doing this and keeping your shoulders back, upper body and hips and glutes tight, you will ensure that your back does not round.
Head position. Do not look either excessively up or down. Look straight forward.
Keep your arms straight. Starting the lift with bent arms is a good way to injure a biceps tendon. Keep your triceps tensed.
Avoid trying to pull the weight off of the floor. Do not think in terms of "pulling" the weight off of the floor, but rather starting the weight moving by pushing the floor away through your heels. If you were to try to initiate the movement by pulling the weight off of the floor, it is likely that your back will round to compensate for the lack of hip drive. I can bet on that. Remember: the hips move first, and then the knees. Your hips are what move the weight!
Tense your glutes! As with other full body movements: bench press, overhead press, squat, etc., it is vital that you tense your glutes to involve the hips. In the case of the deadlift, think of the top half of the movement as being all about driving the hips forward, into the bar (again, rather than trying to pull the bar/body straight!) The glutes, hips, grip and back move the weight.
Lockout with a neutral spine. Do not hyperextend the back at the top of the movement. When I saw the lifter do this, I can be sure that they are not keeping their glutes tight throughout the lift, because if they were, the glutes would have locked them into a 90 degree poistion on lockout.
Any sort of shoes with a flat sole will give you an unstable base to lift from. The best, and cheapest solution is to get a pair of Chuck Taylor's (pictured). If you need arch support, get a solid plastic insert inside them.
When the torso is leaned far forward while supporting a heavy weight in the hands (stiff legged deadlifts) or on the shoulders (bad squats, and/or extreme good mornings) the lumbar muscles are at a mechanical disadvantage and a great portion of the weight is left hanging on the supporting ligaments and the spine. And even with a flat back and slightly bent knees, what happens to the discs between the hinge points - (L4 and l5) and (L5 and S1) - is potentially dangerous. Again, most people do good mornings wrong too.
The ligament walls (annulus fibrosus) of these discs are overstretched dorsally (backwards) and squeezed ventrally (toward the belly). This simultaneous squeezing and stretching causes the bulk of the jelly like material (nucleus pulposus) encased in the annulus to shift back into the ligament wall and increases the potential for long term disc damage. Biomechanics of the body just make for this degree and angle of loading of the spine hazardous. Good mornings and stiff legged deadlifts done improperly are just mechanically unsound - unlike conventional or sumo deadlifts.
In terms of biomechanical efficiency, the wide stance (sumo) deadlift is superior to the close stance (conventional) deadlift. Its advantages include: a more even distribution of forces from the booster muscles, a path of travel closer to the core of the body (shorter lever arm!), a reduction in the lift stroke (distance the bar travels) and a move vertical line to the back (spine). It is generally more difficult to master than the conventional style and calls for strength in the hips as well as flexibility in the adductor magnus and gracialis muscles of the inner, upper leg.
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0.970299 |
I would like to use "Substitute" utility class in order to replace in a diagram IT-Service with an application.
'To retrieve an object implementing the subsitution, used the santard macro : DiagramsObjectsSubstitute.
' used the standard macro : _MegaRpCollection.
' The object returned type is MegaRpCollection.
' Use the functions written below to feed the collection.
' This function inserts a pair of item links used during the substitution.
' @param oldLink : the linked obtained using the GetRelactionShip function on a megaobject.
' this link should be present in the diagram.
' @param newLink : the link replacing the old one.
' This function inserts a pair of items used during the substitution.
' @param oldObject : the object replaced in the diagram.
' @param newObject : the object replacing the old one.
1)At line 43: oldlink.GetRelationship I'm getting the VB 438 error -> "Object doesn't support this property or method". What does it wrong?
how can the old and new link be the same? you are replacing the object with something new, the links should be different.
'used the standard macro : _MegaRpCollection.
'The object returned type is MegaRpCollection.
'Use the functions written below to feed the collection.
'movelink assumes that the old and new object have the same metaassociationend name towards other object.
' for owner packager this is normally the case, but it's also possible that you need to move the links of one 'metaassociationend towards another one. If that is the case you need to use the function provided by mega and specify 'both metaassociationends, first the old one and then the new one.
'This function inserts a pair of items used during the substitution.
'@param oldObject : the object replaced in the diagram.
'@param newObject : the object replacing the old one.
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This picture of al fresco dining, illustrates the ambience of the Rittenhouse Square hotels.
Should I Stay At One of the Rittenhouse Square Hotels?
In order to answer that question, which is an excellent one, we have to divide Rittenhouse Square Hotels into two groups. The first is those that are actually located on Rittenhouse Square, and the second is those that are in the central Philadelphia business district, several blocks away.
Rittenhouse Square - a name synonymous with refinement, culture, and architectural beauty for over a century in Philadelphia.
Being west of Broad Street - the equivalent of "14th Street" - you will be relatively close to the Benjamin Franklin Parkway - and its many museums and cultural institutions. Or at least, closer than you'd be, if you were staying in Old City.
Here is a list of some of the major Philadelphia tourist attractions, on the Parkway: the Museum of Art, the Rodin Museum, Logan Circle, the Franklin Institute, the Academy of Natural Sciences.
That having been said, the closer you are to Rittenhouse Square, the further away from them, you are. So if they are your top priority, you want to stay as far north within this group, as possible.
Note:The Park Hyatt at the Bellevue is actually on Broad Street, not west of it, and it is included in the Convention Center group also.
One of the most prestigious hotels in the city.
The Westin hotel chain is part of Starwood Hotels, the same chain which owns Sheraton.
The Westin is really better classified as a downtown Philadelphia business hotel, as it is adjacent to Liberty Place - the skyscraper which, back in the 1980s, entered Philadelphia history by being the first building to exceed in height, the hat of the 37-foot-tall William Penn Statue at the top of Philadelphia City Hall - where you can take an elevator and walk around the brim of Billy Penn's Hat, and enjoy a breathtaking view of the city.
You'd have to walk several blocks to get to Rittenhouse Square, so you're going to get a skyscraper ambience, not an urban oasis.
The Latham Hotel is on the National Register of Historic Places. It sits on the site of the home of William Bucknell, a philanthropist best known for endowing Bucknell University in Pennsylvania.
Built in 1907, this boutique hotel has European ambience.
In 1915, it opened its doors as the Latham Apartment House, with fifteen stories. It remained as such until the 1960s, when investors - bucking the business trend of the era, namely converting hotels to condominiums - decided to convert the apartment house to the Latham Hotel. It officially opened to guests on August 15, 1970.
Formerly known as the Rittenhouse Square Bed and Breakfast.
The Hotel Sofitel is noteworthy, as it occupies the former home of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange.
Owned by a Frenchman, the ambience is French, in a neighborhood known as Philadelphia's French Quarter, where French influence in architecture is prominent. Its restaurant is Chez Collette, which offers French cuisine, with a 1920s theme. Its bar, La Bourse, is currently being renovated.
Superior Room, Luxury Room, Junior Suite, and Prestige Suite.
Compared to the small, boutique Rittenhouse Square hotels, the Crowne Plaza is enormous. It has 445 guest rooms and is located in a sleek modern building on Market Street, in the heart of the business district. Accordingly, its ambience is much more business, skyscraper Philadelphia, than French Quarter elegance.
We particularly recommend the Elephant & Castle, the English pub-style restaurant contained within the Crowne Plaza Philadelphia. The food is excellent and the prices reasonable, and the English-pub ambience provides a cozy setting for a meal.
It also has the advantage of being located close to Suburban Station.
If you have the cash and/or the expense account, you can't go wrong with The Rittenhouse Hotel, which sits literally on Rittenhouse Square. It comes with stellar ratings, from those who are in the know.
In 2010, Travel and Leisure Magazine, when it compiled its Top 100 list, rated The Rittenhouse Hotel as the #52 hotel not just in America, but in the entire world!
We wouldn't recommend it for pleasure travelers, given its expense, but otherwise, go for it.
Lippincott House, located just a single block off Rittenhouse Square, offers turn-of-the-20th-century charm. It began its existence in 1897 as a mansion, and now fuses the days of yore with the needs of the 21st century traveler. Its interior has a wall mural painted in 1902, and an 1887 grand piano, which is still played. The main fireplace in the common room is made of hand carved mahogany.
All of its rooms have the unique combination of a fireplace and wireless Internet connections.
For entertainment, Lippincott House also offers Victorian-style Murder Mystery events, the themes of which change, according to the season.
If you'd like to leave Rittenhouse Square Hotels, and return to the Home Page of Enjoying Philadelphia, please click here.
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The Pentagon’s watchdog is opening an investigation into whether acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan Patrick Michael ShanahanKim to meet with Putin as tensions with US rise GOP Armed Services chair 'no longer concerned' about training for border troops The Mueller report is a deterrent to government service MORE violated ethics rules and promoted his former employer Boeing while working in government.
The announcement comes a week after an outside watchdog group, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), requested such an investigation.
It also comes as speculation intensifies over whether President Trump Donald John TrumpDemocrats' CNN town halls exposed an extreme agenda Buttigieg says he doubts Sanders can win general election Post-Mueller, Trump has a good story to tell for 2020 MORE will nominate Shanahan to take the Defense secretary job full time. Shanahan previously served as deputy secretary before taking the helm after James Mattis James Norman MattisNew 2020 candidate Moulton on hypothetical Mars invasion: 'I would not build a wall' Trump learns to love acting officials Shanahan says he's 'never favored' Boeing as acting Defense chief MORE resigned in December.
In response to the inspector general's announcement, Shanahan's spokesman said he continues to follow the ethics agreement in which he agreed to recuse himself from matters involving Boeing.
Prior to joining the Trump administration in July 2017 as the deputy Defense secretary, Shanahan worked for Boeing, a defense contractor, for 30 years.
CREW’s nine-page complaint about Shanahan largely centers on the Pentagon’s decision to buy Boeing-made F-15Xs for the first time in years and a Politico report that Shanahan disparaged Boeing’s competitors in private conversations at the Pentagon.
The Pentagon’s fiscal 2020 request calls for eight F-15Xs. It's the first time since 2001 the department wants to buy the fourth-generation fighter jet.
Air Force officials have said their original budget plans did not include the F-15X. The Pentagon has said it was Mattis's decision.
The $400 billion program has been criticized by others in Washington, including most prominently Trump, who shortly after election in 2016 called costs associated with the program "out of control." More recently, though, Trump has praised the jet.
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Some Pointers on How to Get the Best Cash Price for Your House A family or an individual generally considers the home as their most valued possession. Sadly, when homeowners would sometimes face a difficult situation when they will be forced to sell their homes. And so if the homeowner will face some difficult situations, he or she should consider some alternatives before selling consideration. But when all alternatives are not possible, the sale of the house becomes inevitable and so getting cash value for the house would become a challenge. Examples of unfortunate situations that homeowners could be facing are foreclosures and other financial situations, and these will lead them to start looking for companies which can offer cash for their houses. There is thus a reason for a homeowner to contact or call companies which can offer cash for houses on sale to help overcome the financial problems being faced for the moment. Selling your house for cash is a solution for those who would like to evade the inconveniences in selling their houses in the traditional way.
It is good to know that companies offering cash for houses has an exclusive customized service that would close only the deal when everything has been coordinated with their customers. In order to provide you with fast service, this type of company that buys your house for cash has a skilled team that will work with you and will give you a detailed analysis of your property in a fast manner. The present condition of your home, even if it is not anymore good like new, this kind of company will buy your homes for cash.
When you sell your house the traditional way, buyers could be very difficult and you might need to undergo some renovations just to satisfy him or her, and this is where it is advantageous to deal with the company that buys house for cash since they can offer a quick sale for a fair market price of your property without the hassle of making repairs. With this type of company buying cash for houses, they conduct a speedy transaction and this makes them a great option for those people who are in need of money as soon as possible. Imagine getting your deal sum up fast and get hold of the cash within a month, thus erasing your worries if you have some mortgage problems for example. You can contact these real estate investors through online by just visiting their websites and fill up their online forms. Be aware that these cash for houses companies will not ask for any fees or commissions while helping you solve your financial problems. They have their own representative who will visit and survey your home and if satisfied makes a draft for a cash offer of your property.
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0.928336 |
Does eating ice substitute for drinking water?
I hate the tastea of water can eating ice substitue for drinking water, I have a iron defienciency and eat ice I know probably more than I should but I sometimes have to stop and think..........I really didnt drink that much today.
Deffinately not. There is no way to eat enough ice to compensate for the amount of water you need to stay hydrated. This is why people can die of dehydration in the artic, where there is plenty of ice and snow.
Try those vitamin waters. They have nice flavour and you'll get the hydration your body needs.
I have this prob too. Doc says all beverages are just flavored water just stay away from caffiene because it acts as a dieurtic(makes you pee)which is pointless and bad for baby and mommy's kidneys.
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0.99997 |
Input text: a 1st sand sphere is 1 inch tall and 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep. it is .5 inches in the ground. ground is metal. backdrop is invisible. a 2nd sand sphere is 1 inch tall and 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep. it is .2 inches behind the 1st sphere. it is .5 inches in the ground. a 3rd sand sphere is 1 inch tall and 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep. it is .2 inches behind the 2nd sphere. it is .5 inches in the ground. a 4th sand sphere is 1 inch tall and 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep. it is .2 inches left of the 3rd sphere. it is .5 inches in the ground. a 5th sand sphere is 1 inch tall and 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep. it is .2 inches left of the 2nd sphere. it is .5 inches in the ground. a 6th sand sphere is 1 inch tall and 4 inches wide and 4 inches deep. it is .2 inches left of the 1st sphere. it is .5 inches in the ground. a .5 foot tall [face] wall is behind the 3rd sphere. it is noon. sun is silver.
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Tape a sheet of butcher paper on the wall, with the top at least 9 feet high.
Ask a few different scouts to reach as high as they can on the sheet, without jumping, and make a mark with the marker.
Mention that we can usually do better than our first effort. These scouts all did their best effort, but let's see if they can do any better.
Do our best at every opportunity because we might not get that second chance.
Which scout "won"? Every scout that improved won - scouting is not a competition between people, but a competition to improve your own best efforts.
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0.997177 |
Well, it's Christmas in movieland, and the star of Bethlehem has finally re-appeared after all these years. And you know what that means, don't you, kids? It's the Antichrist, yet again. Kim Basinger's sister had a baby when the star appeared, but she's a junkie, and she has no idea who the father is - some guy with funny feet and a tail and some really high grade smack - so she dumps the baby at Kim's house.
But ol' Kim is not suspicious, even though a child is born to a junkie and an unknown father, and the moment of her birth caused the star of Bethlehem to reappear. Nope, nothin' unusual there.
It turns out in this reworked mythology that Anti has great powers, but may use them for good or evil. Also, Anti is a little girl. Somehow, the Antichrist playing with Malibu Barbie doesn't strike the same fear into mankind as the whole horns and pitchfork motif that he used to use. In fact, most people just make Anti sit in the corner when she's done something naughty like causing Italy to be consumed by fire.
"Now, Antichrist, how many times have I told you to pick up all the slime and poop after you send one of those frog rains? I've had just about enough of your little Satanic pranks, young lady."
Of course, the appearance of the Antichrist is a great relief to Uma Thurman, unless there can be two. But I think it works like Highlander, and there can be only one, so all that Gregorian chant that follows Ethan Hawke around must be something else.
Well, this Antichrist has some amazing powers, let me tell you. For example, you know those things that are full of water and say "Welcome to Cleveland" and when you shake them it looks like a snowstorm? Well, Anti can make the snow swirl around without shaking them! And she can get James Bond to drink his martini stirred.
The Blockbuster Awards nominated this for two. Kim Basinger for best actress married to a guy who will soon leave the country, and Christina Ricci's bra for best supporting performance. I may have changed the wording of those awards a hair, but they really exist.
General consensus: one and a half stars. Berardinelli 1/4, Apollo 68. I don't think Roger Ebert reviewed it.
Rotten Tomatoes summary. Worst reviews of the year, worse even than Battlefield Earth. 6% positive overall, and a perfect 0% from the top critics.
With their votes ... IMDB summary: IMDb voters score it 4.9, Apollo users 67/100.
With their dollars ... it wasn't a smash hit, but did better than the critics thought it deserved. Made for $40 million, it took in $29 million domestic box. Of course, the studio hoped it would do better with that budget and a 2500 screen distribution.
Based on this description, this film is a D.
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0.999977 |
The first conceptual problem that people run into is often right at the beginning. "GUI testing" sounds like just the UI will be tested - either in terms of its layout, its design, or its behavior. Many people start to ask questions about how to check the font, color or position of items. While those are things are indeed important, and some of them can indeed be tested as a part of a GUI test, it is usually more relevant to place the focus on testing the application through the GUI, i.e. testing the functionality as a black box in the same way that a user will work with the software.
As soon as we start to think about testing through the GUI, then it becomes apparent that such tests are putting the software through its paces on many levels. Instead of skimming the surface, they are reaching all layers and levels of the product. If an action started by a user has effects on the database or the server, then activating this via the GUI will have the same effect. The test can ensure that a workflow or feature (still) works, in the context it will actually be used in. Imagine a deep body of water - testing through the GUI is like getting a very long stick and poking right to the bottom!
And that is the reason why tests from this perspective (be they manual or automated) are so important. They focus on the user perspective and ensure that the paying customers can work with the software. JUnit tests and tests through the API are certainly important; however, successful tests in both of these areas cannot ensure that the feature actually works via the GUI, or that a whole workflow is complete-able. Automation becomes helpful and necessary as soon as this kind of information is needed on a regular basis.
Another advantage of working with automated GUI tests (that aren't based on record and replay) is that they can be used to drive the quality and development early on, using acceptance test driven development. Having testers and business users involved early on in feature development, being able to collaborate over test specifications and automated tests means that the right questions will be asked at the right time.
What about the bad reputation?
In short, the bad reputation comes from using the wrong approach.We know that a GUI and software workflows will change, so tests should be designed to be robust, reusable and maintainable. Since we know some work is going to have to be done on the tests, we should make sure that the people who automate the tests can also edit them. This is usually not the case when tests have been recorded (see the article on capture-replay for a full discussion).
If tests have been created without a structure, with redundancies and by non-technical testers who cannot edit or maintain the code that has been created, then every single change will hurt. If the tests have been created with a structure, with a focus on good design, and in a form that is accessible to everyone on the team (whether a developer or not), then tests can grow and adapt to change.
Each project is different, and each project will have different quality requirements. Some may require more unit testing, some more higher level tests. Any project with a user interface should definitely think hard about having well-chosen, well-structured automated GUI tests - to get continuous feedback from the user and customer perspective.
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A new study from LSU's Pennington Biomedical Research Center showed for the first time that video games, in combination with fitness coaching and a step tracker, helped overweight children lose weight, lower their blood pressure and cholesterol and increase their physical activity.
The results of the GameSquad trial are available online and will be published in an upcoming Special Issue of the journal Pediatric Obesity in a scientific paper titled: "Home-based exergaming among children with overweight and obesity: a randomized clinical trial."
"Kids who gain excessive weight and are not physically active can develop early signs of heart disease and diabetes. They may also struggle every day with asthma, sleep apnea, and the other psychological and health challenges that excess weight and obesity can bring," said Dr. Amanda Staiano, PhD, director of Pennington Biomedical's Pediatric Obesity and Health Behavior Laboratory and the study's primary investigator.
The GameSquad study enrolled 46 children ages 10 to 12 who were overweight or had obesity. Half were girls and more than half were African-American. The study randomly assigned children to a "gaming" group of 23 families or a control group of 23 families.
The gaming group was encouraged to meet the national recommendations of 60 minutes per day of physical activity. The children received an Xbox 360, Kinect and four exergames (Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012, Just Dance 3, Disneyland Adventures and Kinect Sports Season 2) and were asked to play these at their home with a friend or family member for six months. They also received a "challenge book" to complete three one-hour gaming sessions each week and a Fitbit to track their steps each day. Each child and parent or parents also took part in regular video chats over the video game console with a Pennington Biomedical fitness coach to monitor their progress.
Twenty-two of the 23 families in the gaming group finished the six-month program. Children and parents in the gaming group completed 94 percent of the gaming sessions and attended 93 percent of the video-chat sessions. "When you don't intervene with kids who are overweight, often their health risk factors and health behaviors worsen over time," said Dr. Staiano. "So, unfortunately, we weren't surprised to see that kids in the control group increased blood pressure and cholesterol and decreased physical activity over the six-month period."
Reduced their cholesterol by 7 percentiles while the control group increased cholesterol by 7 percentiles. In other words, the kids in the gaming group remained in the healthy range. The increase in the control group's cholesterol levels pushed them into the borderline category for high cholesterol.
This work was supported by the American Heart Association and two center grants from the National Institutes of Health: in part by U54 GM104940 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, which funds the Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center, and in part by Pennington Biomedical's Nutrition and Obesity Research Center Grant # P30DK072476 titled "Nutrition and Metabolic Health Through the Lifespan" sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
The Pennington Biomedical Research Center is at the forefront of medical discovery as it relates to understanding the triggers of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and dementia. It is a campus of Louisiana State University and conducts basic, clinical and population research. The research enterprise at Pennington Biomedical includes approximately 58 faculty and more than 18 postdoctoral fellows who comprise a network of 40 laboratories supported by lab technicians, nurses, dietitians, and support personnel, and 13 highly specialized core service facilities. Pennington Biomedical's more than 450 employees perform research activities in state-of-the-art facilities on the 222-acre campus located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. For more information, see http://www.pbrc.edu.
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0.999271 |
Bill Text - SB-1300 Unlawful employment practices: discrimination and harassment.
An act to amend Sections 12940 and 12965 of, and to add Sections 12923, 12950.2, and 12964.5 to, the Government Code, relating to employment.
SB 1300, Jackson. Unlawful employment practices: discrimination and harassment.
The California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) prohibits various actions as unlawful employment practices unless the employer acts based upon a bona fide occupational qualification or applicable security regulations established by the United States or the State of California. In this regard, FEHA makes it an unlawful employment practice for an employer, labor organization, employment agency, apprenticeship training program, or any training program leading to employment, to engage in harassment of an employee or other specified person. FEHA also makes harassment of those persons by an employee, other than an agent or supervisor, unlawful if the entity, or its agents or supervisors, knows or should have known of this conduct and fails to take immediate and appropriate corrective action.
Under FEHA, an employer may also be responsible for the acts of nonemployees, with respect to sexual harassment of employees and other specified persons, if the employer, or its agents or supervisors, knows or should have known of the conduct and fails to take immediate and appropriate corrective action.
This bill would specify that an employer may be responsible for the acts of nonemployees with respect to other harassment activity.
The bill, with certain exceptions, would prohibit an employer, in exchange for a raise or bonus, or as a condition of employment of continued employment, from requiring the execution of a release of a claim or right under FEHA or from requiring an employee to sign a nondisparagement agreement or other document that purports to deny the employee the right to disclose information about unlawful acts in the workplace, including, but not limited to, sexual harassment. The bill would provide that an agreement or document in violation of either of those prohibitions is contrary to public policy and unenforceable.
FEHA provides that an employer may be responsible for the acts of nonemployees, with respect to sexual harassment of employees, applicants, unpaid interns or volunteers, or persons providing services pursuant to a contract in the workplace, if the employer, or its agents or supervisors, knows or should have known of the conduct and fails to take immediate and appropriate corrective action.
This bill would instead make the above provision apply with respect to any type of harassment prohibited under FEHA of employees, applicants, unpaid interns or volunteers, or persons providing services pursuant to a contract in the workplace.
FEHA requires employers with 50 or more employees to provide at least 2 hours of prescribed training and education regarding sexual harassment to all supervisory employees within 6 months of their assumption of a supervisory position and once every 2 years, as specified.
This bill would also authorize an employer to provide bystander intervention training, as specified, to their employees.
FEHA authorizes the court in certain circumstances and in its discretion to award the prevailing party in a civil action reasonable attorney’s fees and costs, including expert witness fees.
This bill would provide that a prevailing defendant is prohibited from being awarded fees and costs unless the court finds the action was frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless when brought or that the plaintiff continued to litigate after it clearly became so.
This bill would declare the intent of the Legislature about the application of FEHA in regard to harassment.
This bill would incorporate additional changes to Section 12940 of the Government Code proposed by SB 1038 to be operative only if this bill and SB 1038 are enacted and this bill is enacted last.
(A) Affect the right of an employer to reasonably regulate, for reasons of supervision, safety, security, or morale, the working of spouses in the same department, dih benefits. This subparagraph applies to all retiree health benefit plans and contractual provisions or practices concerning retiree health benefits and health care reimbursement plans in effect on or after January 1, 2011.
(ychological inquiry of an employee, to make any inquiry whether an employee has a mental disability, physical disability, or medical condition, or to make any inquiry regarding the nature or severity of a physical disability, mental disability, or medical condition.
(3) (A) An employee of an entity subject to this subdivision is personally liable for any harassment prohibited by this section that is perpetrated by the employee, regardless of whether the employer or covered entity knows or should have known of the conduct and fails to take immediate and appropriate corrective action.
(B) An employee of an entity subject to this subdivision who is alleged to have engaged in any harassment prohibited by this section may be held personally liable for any act in violation of subdivision (h).
(n) For an employer or other entity covered by this part to fail to engage in a timely and good faith interactive process with the employee or applicant to determine effective reasonable accommodations, if any, in response to a request for reasonable accommodation by an employee or applicant with a known physical or mental disability or known medical condition.
An employer may also provide bystander intervention training that includes information and practical guidance on how to enable bystanders to recognize potentially problematic behaviors and to motivate bystanders to take action when they observe problematic behaviors. The training and education may include exercises to provide bystanders with the skills and confidence to intervene as appropriate and to provide bystanders with resources they can call upon that support their intervention.
(1) (A) For an employer to require an employee to sign a release of a claim or right under this part.
(B) As used in this section, “release of claim or right” includes requiring an individual to execute a statement that he or she does not possess any claim or injury against the employer or other covered entity, and includes the release of a right to file and pursue a civil action or complaint with, or otherwise notify, a state agency, other public prosecutor, law enforcement agency, or any court or other governmental entity.
(2) (A) For an employer to require an employee to sign a nondisparagement agreement or other document that purports to deny the employee the right to disclose information about unlawful acts in the workplace, including, but not limited to, sexual harassment.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, “information about unlawful acts in the workplace” includes, but is not limited to, information pertaining to sexual harassment or any other unlawful or potentially unlawful conduct.
(b) Any agreement or document in violation of this section is contrary to public policy and shall be unenforceable.
(c) (1) This section does not apply to a negotiated settlement agreement to resolve an underlying claim under this part that has been filed by an employee in court, before an administrative agency, alternative dispute resolution forum, or through an employer’s internal complaint process.
(2) As used in this section, “negotiated” means that the agreement is voluntary, deliberate, and informed, provides consideration of value to the employee, and that the employee is given notice and an opportunity to retain an attorney or is represented by an attorney.
(a) In the case of failure to eliminate an unlawful practice under this part through conference, conciliation, mediation, or persuasion, or in advance thereof if circumstances warrant, the director in the director’s discretion may bring a civil action in the name of the department on behalf of the person claiming to be aggrieved. Prior to filing a civil action, the department shall require all parties to participate in mandatory dispute resolution in the department’s internal dispute resolution division free of charge to the parties in an effort to resolve the dispute without litigation. In any civil action, the person claiming to be aggrieved shall be the real party in interest and shall have the right to participate as a party and be represented by that person’s own counsel. The civil action shall be brought in any county in which unlawful practices are alleged to have been committed, in the county in which records relevant to the alleged unlawful practices are maintained and administered, or in the county in which the person claiming to be aggrieved would have worked or would have had access to public accommodation, but for the alleged unlawful practices. If the defendant is not found in any of these counties, the action may be brought within the county of the defendant’s residence or principal office.
For any complaint treated by the director as a group or class complaint for purposes of investigation, conciliation, mediation, or civil action pursuant to Section 12961, a civil action shall be brought, if at all, within two years after the filing of the complaint. For any complaint alleging a violation of Section 51.7 of the Civil Code, a civil action shall be brought, if at all, within two years after the filing of the complaint. For all other complaints, a civil action shall be brought, if at all, within one year after the filing of a complaint. If the director determines, pursuant to Section 12961, that a complaint investigated as a group or class complaint under Section 12961 is to be treated as a group or class complaint for purposes of conciliation, mediation, or civil action as well, that determination shall be made and shall be communicated in writing within one year after the filing of the complaint to each person, employer, labor organization, employment agency, or public entity alleged in the complaint to have committed an unlawful practice.
(b) If a civil action is not brought by the department within 150 days after the filing of a complaint, or if the department earlier determines that no civil action will be brought, the department shall promptly notify, in writing, the person claiming to be aggrieved that the department shall issue, on request, the right-to-sue notice. This notice shall indicate that the person claiming to be aggrieved may bring a civil action under this part against the person, employer, labor organization, or employment agency named in the verified complaint within one year from the date of that notice. If the person claiming to be aggrieved does not request a right-to-sue notice, the department shall issue the notice upon completion of its investigation, and not later than one year after the filing of the complaint. A city, county, or district attorney in a location having an enforcement unit established on or before March 1, 1991, pursuant to a local ordinance enacted for the purpose of prosecuting HIV/AIDS discrimination claims, acting on behalf of any person claiming to be aggrieved due to HIV/AIDS discrimination, may also bring a civil action under this part against the person, employer, labor organization, or employment agency named in the notice. The superior courts of the State of California shall have jurisdiction of those actions, and the aggrieved person may file in these courts. An action may be brought in any county in the state in which the unlawful practice is alleged to have been committed, in the county in which the records relevant to the practice are maintained and administered, or in the county in which the aggrieved person would have worked or would have had access to the public accommodation but for the alleged unlawful practice, but if the defendant is not found within any of these counties, an action may be brought within the county of the defendant’s residence or principal office. A copy of any complaint filed pursuant to this part shall be served on the principal offices of the department. The remedy for failure to send a copy of a complaint is an order to do so. Those actions may not be filed as class actions or may not be maintained as class actions by the person or persons claiming to be aggrieved where those persons have filed a civil class action in the federal courts alleging a comparable claim of employment discrimination against the same defendant or defendants. In civil actions brought under this section, the court, in its discretion, may award to the prevailing party, including the department, reasonable attorney’s fees and costs, including expert witness fees, except that, notwithstanding Section 998 of the Code of Civil Procedure, a prevailing defendant shall not be awarded fees and costs unless the court finds the action was frivolous, unreasonable, or groundless when brought, or the plaintiff continued to litigate after it clearly became so.
(c) A court may grant as relief in any action filed pursuant to subdivision (a) any relief a court is empowered to grant in a civil action brought pursuant to subdivision (b), in addition to any other relief that, in the judgment of the court, will effectuate the purpose of this part. This relief may include a requirement that the employer conduct training for all employees, supervisors, and management on the requirements of this part, the rights and remedies of those who allege a violation of this part, and the employer’s internal grievance procedures. In addition, in order to vindicate the purposes and policies of this part, a court may assess against the defendant, if the civil complaint or amended civil complaint so prays, a civil penalty of up to twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) to be awarded to a person denied any right provided for by Section 51.7 of the Civil Code, as an unlawful practice prohibited under this part.
(A) A charge of discrimination or harassment is timely filed concurrently with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Department of Fair Employment and Housing.
(B) The investigation of the charge is deferred by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
(C) A right-to-sue notice is issued to the person claiming to be aggrieved upon deferral of the charge by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
(2) The time for commencing an action for which the statute of limitations is tolled under paragraph (1) expires when the federal right-to-sue period to commence a civil action expires, or one year from the date of the right-to-sue notice by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing, whichever is later.
(3) This subdivision is intended to codify the holding in Downs v. Department of Water and Power of City of Los Angeles (1997) 58 Cal.App.4th 1093.
(B) The investigation of the charge is deferred by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to the Department of Fair Employment and Housing.
(C) After investigation and determination by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission agrees to perform a substantial weight review of the determination of the department or conducts its own investigation of the claim filed by the aggrieved person.
(2) The time for commencing an action for which the statute of limitations is tolled under paragraph (1) shall expire when the federal right-to-sue period to commence a civil action expires, or one year from the date of the right-to-sue notice by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing, whichever is later.
Section 2.5 of this bill incorporates amendments to Section 12940 of the Government Code proposed by both this bill and Senate Bill 1038. That section of this bill shall only become operative if (1) both bills are enacted and become effective on or before January 1, 2019, (2) each bill amends Section 12940 of the Government Code, and (3) this bill is enacted after Senate Bill 1038, in which case Section 2 of this bill shall not become operative.
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触摸事件. 对于触摸事件，window 对象首先交给触摸发生的 view ，这个 view 必须是一个 hit-test view. 这个发现的过程是通过 hit-test view 调用 hit-testing 方法找到的。看下面的图例: Hit-Testing Returns the View Where a Touch Occurred.
iOS 使用 hit-testing 来发现发生在触摸上的视图。Hit-testing 包括检查触摸是否发生在相关 view 的范围内。如果是的，它会递归检查视图下的和个子视图. 在视图层级中最底层的视图变成 hit-test view. 最后 iOS 向这个视图发送触摸事件.
这个 hitTest:withEvent: 方法从给定的 CGPoint 与 UIEvent 返回 hit test view.
这个 hitTest:withEvent: 方法最初从调用它自身 pointInside:withEvent: 方法开始。如果这个点在这个视图范围内， pointInside:withEvent: 返回 YES, 然后方法会递归调用每个子视图的 hitTest:withEvent: .
注意: 要确保分配第一响应者时要在你的APP创建对象的图形后。例如，通常你可以在 viewDidAppear: 方法里调用 becomeFirstResponder 方法。如果你试图在 viewWillAppear: 方法里分配，这个时候你的对象图形还没有被创建，所以它的 becomeFirstResponder 方法为 NO.
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Zhou Enlai (Simplified Chinese: 周恩来; Traditional Chinese: 周恩來; pinyin: Zhōu Ēnlái; Wade-Giles: Chou En-lai) (March 5, 1898 – January 8, 1976), a prominent Communist Party of China leader, Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1949 until his death in January 1976, and China's foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. Zhou played a leading role in the Chinese Communist Party from its beginnings in 1921, and was instrumental in the Communist Party's rise to power and subsequently in the construction of the Chinese economy and reformation of Chinese society. Zhou was a skilled and able diplomat, advocating for peaceful co-existence. He signed a 30-year Chinese-Soviet treaty of alliance in 1950, and participated in the Geneva Conference in 1954, and the Afro-Asian Bandung Conference in 1955. In 1971 he welcomed Henry A. Kissinger to China, and was largely responsible for arranging and implementing the historic meeting between Mao Zedong and US President Richard Nixon in Peking in February, 1972.
Zhou Enlai survived internecine purges and retained his position in the Chinese Communist Party leadership and the office of Prime Minister until his death in 1976, though he came under attack from the Gang of Four for his moderate stance. He was very popular with the Chinese public, and the public expression of mourning after his death led to riots in Tiananmen Square in April, 1976, and the temporary removal from power of Deng Xiaoping.
Zhou Enlai was born March 5, 1898, in Huaian (淮安), Jiangsu Province (江蘇). His family, although of the educated scholar class, was not well off. His grandfather, was a poorly paid minor civil servant, and his father repeatedly failed the Imperial examinations, remaining a lowly minor clerk throughout his life. Zhou Enlai is said to have had an unhappy childhood. He was the eldest son and eldest grandson of the Zhou family. When Zhou was still less than one year old, he was adopted by his father's youngest brother, who was dying of tuberculosis. This adoption took place so that the younger brother would not die childless, a serious scandal to a traditional Confucian family of high status.
Lady Chen, his adoptive mother, began to teach him Chinese characters as soon as he could toddle. By the time he was four years old he could read and write several hundred words. In 1907, when he was nine years old, Zhou’s birth mother died of tuberculosis, and in the summer of 1908 Lady Chen also died. Zhou often worked in the fields to earn food for his family. Since Zhou was now an orphan, it was arranged that he leave Huai'an in 1910 and go to the city of Shenyang in Manchuria to live with his uncle, Yikang. There, he was enrolled in the Tung Guan model school that taught “new learning:” mathematics and natural science, as well as Chinese history, geography and literature. The students were also exposed to translations of western books, where Zhou read about freedom, democracy and the American and French revolutions.
In 1913, at the age of 15, Zhou graduated from Tung Guan, and in September of that year he was enrolled in the Nankai (南开) school, located in Tianjin (天津; Tiānjīn; Tientsin). For the next four years he was a diligent student at the prestigious American-funded missionary school. Throughout the period of his education, China was in turmoil. In 1911 the Xinhai Revolution (Hsinhai Revolution; 辛亥革命; Xīnhài Gémìng) of Sun Yat-sen (孫文 / 孫中山 / 孫逸仙) overthrew the Qing dynasty and established the Republic of China (中華民國). The outbreak of the Great War in Europe relieved the pressure from European imperialists, but presented an opportunity for Japan to push its own dominance. Zhou could see that China was being ruined by foreign intervention, and shared in the wrath, the protest, and the indignation at the plight of China.
In 1917, Zhou went to Tokyo, Japan, for further studies. His goal was to become a teacher so that he could have influence on the youth of China, but he found he could not concentrate. He could not study and had difficulty with the Japanese language. In Nankai he had written and spoken against the military and political pressure which Japan was exerting upon China, and its inexorable slide into anarchy. He challenged his fellow students to think what his generation could do to save China. Their answer was to study, and to become educated in the sciences and professions. China needed elite, knowledgeable doctors, engineers, and teachers. “But why?” he asked. “If China is to disappear, what is the use of studying?” Zhou decided to leave Japan, partly influenced by a fellow student from Nankai, Tung Kwang Hsien (童冠贤, 童冠賢).
In early May, 1919, dejected and without completing his education, he left Japan, and arrived in Tianjin on May 9, in time to take part in the momentous May Fourth Movement protesting the Treaty of Versailles and the granting of Shandong to the Japanese.
Zhou first came to national prominence as an activist during the May Fourth Movement. He had enrolled as a student in the literature department of Nankai University (南開大學), which enabled him to visit the campus, but he never attended classes. He became one of the organizers of the Tianjin Students Union, whose avowed aim was “to struggle against the warlords and against imperialism, and to save China from extinction." Zhou became the editor of the student union’s newspaper, Tianjin Student. In September, he founded the Awareness Society with twelve men and eight women. Fifteen-year-old Deng Yingchao (鄧穎超), Zhou’s future wife, was one of the founding female members. (They were not married until much later, on August 8, 1925). Zhou was instrumental in the merger between the all male Tianjin Students Union and the all female Women’s Patriotic Association.
In January 1920, the police raided the printing press and arrested several members of the Awareness Society. Zhou led a group of students to protest the arrests, and was himself arrested along with 28 others. After the trial in July, they were found guilty of a minor offense and released. An attempt was made by the Comintern, (Communist International, also known as the Third International) to induct Zhou into the Communist Party of China, but although he was studying Marxism he remained uncommitted. Instead of being selected to go to Moscow for training, he was chosen to go to France as a student organizer. Deng Yingchao was left in charge of the Awareness Society in his absence.
On November 7, 1920, Zhou Enlai and 196 other Chinese students sailed from Shanghai for Marseilles, France. At Marseilles they were met by a member of the Sino-French Education Committee and boarded a train to Paris. Almost as soon as he arrived, Zhou became embroiled in a wrangle between the students and the education authorities running the “work and study” program. The students were supposed to work in factories part time and attend class part time. Because of corruption and graft in the Education Committee, however, the students were not paid. As a result they simply provided cheap labor for the French factory owners and received very little education in return. Zhou wrote to newspapers in China denouncing the committee and the corrupt government officials.
Zhou traveled to Britain in January; he applied for and was accepted as a student at Edinburgh University. The university term didn’t start until October, so he returned to France, moving in with Liu Tsingyang and Zhang Shenfu, who were setting up a Communist cell. Zhou joined the group and was entrusted with political and organizational work. There is some controversy over the date when Zhou joined the Communist Party of China. To maintain secrecy, members did not carry membership cards. Zhou himself wrote "autumn, 1922" at a verification carried out at the Party's Seventh Congress in 1945.
There were 2,000 Chinese students in France, some 200 each in Belgium and England and between 300 and 400 in Germany. For the next four years Zhou was the chief recruiter, organizer and coordinator of activities of the Socialist Youth League. He traveled constantly between Belgium, Germany and France, safely conveying party members through Berlin to board trains for Moscow, where they were to be taught the skills of revolution.
At first the CCP, established in July 1921 by Chen Duxiu( 陳獨秀), rejected the suggestion of the Comintern that they establish a “united front” with Sun Yat-sen’s new Kuomintang (中國國民黨, KMT or Nationalist Party), but in 1923 the CCP changed its policy. Zhou was now charged with the task of coordinating cooperation between the two vastly different political movements in Europe. He apparently did such a good job that he was ordered back to China to take charge of the work of the united front in the Kuomintang stronghold in Guangzhou (廣州). He arrived in Hong Kong in July 1924.
Zhou Enlai (middle) and his wife Deng Yingchao with American journalist Edgar Snow, approx. 1938.
In January, 1924, Sun Yat-sen had officially proclaimed an alliance between the Kuomintang and the Communists, and a plan for a military expedition to unify China and destroy the warlords. The Whampoa Military Academy was set up in March to train officers for the armies that would march against the warlords. Classes began on May 1, and the speech given by Dr. Sun Yat Sen at the official opening ceremony later became the lyrics of the national anthem of the Republic of China. Russian ships unloaded crates of weapons at the Guangzhou (廣州) docks. Comintern advisers from Moscow joined Sun’s entourage. In October, shortly after he arrived back from Europe, Zhou Enlai was appointed deputy-director of the political department at the Whampoa Military Academy, where Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石 / 蔣中正) was the commandant, in Guangzhou (廣州).
Zhou soon realized that the Kuomintang was riddled with intrigue. The powerful right wing of the Kuomintang was bitterly opposed to the Communist alliance. Zhou was convinced that the Chinese Communist Party, in order to survive, must have an army of its own. "The Kuomintang is a coalition of treacherous warlords," he told his friend Nie Rongzhen (聶榮臻), recently arrived from Moscow and named a vice director of the academy. Together they set about to organize a nucleus of officer cadets who were CCP members and who would follow the principles of Marx. For a while they met no hindrance, not even from Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石 / 蔣中正), the director of the academy.
Sun Yat-sen (孫文 / 孫中山 / 孫逸仙) died on March 12, 1925. No sooner was Sun dead than trouble broke out in Guangzhou. A warlord named Chen Chiungming made a bid to take the city and province. The East Expedition, led by Zhou, was organized as a military offensive against Chen. Using the disciplined core of CCP cadets, the expedition met with resounding success. Zhou was promoted to head Whampoa’s martial law bureau and quickly crushed an attempted coup by another warlord within the city. Chen Chiungming again took the field in October, 1925, and was defeated by Zhou, who this time captured the important city of Shantou (汕頭) on the South China coast. Zhou was appointed special commissioner of Shantou and surrounding region. Zhou began to build up a party branch in Shantou whose membership he kept secret.
On August 8, 1925, Zhou and Deng Yingchao were finally married after a long-distance courtship of nearly five years. The couple remained childless, but adopted several orphaned children of "revolutionary martyrs;" one of the more famous was future Premier Li Peng (李鵬).
After Sun’s death, the Kuomintang was run by a triumvirate composed of Chiang Kai-shek, Liao Zhungkai and Wang Jingwei (汪精衛), but in August, 1925 the left wing member, Liao Zhungkai, was murdered. Chiang Kai-shek used this murder as a pretext to declare martial law and consolidate right wing control of the Nationalists. On March 18, 1926, while Mikhail Borodin, the Russian Comintern advisor to the United Front, was in Shanghai, Chiang created a further incident to usurp power from the communists. The commander and crew of a Kuomintang gunboat was arrested at the Whampoa docks, in the Zhongshan Warship Incident. This was followed by raids on the First Army Headquarters and Whampoa Military Academy. Altogether 65 communists were arrested, including Nie Rongzhen. A state of emergency was declared and curfews were imposed. Zhou had just returned from Shantou and was also detained for 48 hours. On his release he confronted Chiang and accused him of undermining the United Front, but Chiang argued that he was only breaking up a plot by the communists. When Borodin returned from Shanghai he believed Chiang’s version and rebuked Zhou. At Chiang's request, Borodin turned over a list of all the members of the CCP who were also members of the Kuomintang. The only omissions from this list were the members Zhou had secretly recruited. Chiang dismissed all the rest of the CCP officers from the First Army. Wang Jingwei, considered too sympathetic to the communists, was persuaded to leave on a “study tour” in Europe. Zhou Enlai was relieved of all his duties associated with the First United front, effectively giving complete control of the United Front to Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1926, the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) began the Northern Expedition (北伐; běi fá), a military campaign intended to speed up the Chinese revolution against feudalism and imperialism, end the rule of local warlords, and unify China under the Nationalists. Zhou worked as a labor agitator. In 1926, he organized a general strike in Shanghai, opening the city to the Kuomintang.
The Long March ended in October 1935 at Yan’an (延安; Yán'ān; Yen-an) in northern Shensi province, with the securing of the Communists' base there. Zhou was made the CCP's chief negotiator and was given the difficult job of forming a tactical alliance with the Nationalists. In late 1935, building on Moscow's new so-called “popular-front” strategy against fascism, the CCP proposed to unite with the Nationalists and all patriotic Chinese in order to resist Japanese aggression. In December of 1936, in the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek was arrested in Xi’an (in Shensi) by his own generals, who wanted to end the CCP-Nationalist civil war. Zhou immediately flew to Xi’an, helped to secure Chiang Kai-shek's release, and negotiated the Second CCP-KMT United Front. Coining the famous phrase "Chinese should not fight Chinese but a common enemy: the invader." Zhou spent the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) as CCP ambassador to Chiang's wartime government in Chongqing (重慶) and took part in the failed negotiations following World War II.
Zhou also participated in the unsuccessful peace negotiations with the Nationalists in 1946, sponsored by the United States and held under General George C. Marshall.
In 1949, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國; Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó), Zhou assumed the role of Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. On February 14, 1950, Zhou signed a 30-year Chinese-Soviet treaty of alliance in Moscow. In June 1953, he made the five declarations for peace. He headed the Communist Chinese delegation to the Geneva Conference in 1954 and to the Afro-Asian Bandung Conference in1955. On his way to the Bandung Conference he survived an assassination attempt by the nationalist Kuomintang. An American-made MK7 was planted on a charter plane, Kashmir Princess, scheduled for Zhou's trip; Zhou changed planes at the last minute, but the rest of his crew of 16 people died.
Between 1956 and 1964 Zhou traveled widely throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa. In 1958, the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs was passed to Chen Yi (陳毅), but Zhou remained Prime Minister until his death in 1976. In 1964, Zhou visited Moscow but was unable to resolve the fundamental differences that had arisen between China and the Soviet Union. Zhou was largely responsible for the re-establishment of contacts with the West in the early 1970s. In July 1971, when the American envoy Henry A. Kissinger made a dramatic visit to him in Beijing, Zhou gained a reputation as a diplomat and negotiator in the American press. He was largely responsible for arranging and implementing the historic meeting between Mao Zedong and U.S. President Richard Nixon in Beijing in February, 1972, and signed the Shanghai Communiqué (上海公報).
Zhou, shown here with Henry Kissinger and Mao Zedong.
Zhou's first major domestic focus after becoming premier was China's economy, in a poor state after decades of war. He aimed at increased agricultural production through the even re-distribution of land, and at developing industry. He also initiated the first environmental reforms in China.
In 1956, Zhou was elected one of the Chinese Communist Party’s four vice-chairmen, and after the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s, when there was only one vice-chairman, Zhou remained as the third-ranking member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo, despite his relatively moderate position on many issues. In 1958, Mao Zedong( 毛澤東) began the Great Leap Forward (大躍進; Dàyuèjìn), aimed at increasing China's production levels in industry and agriculture with unrealistic targets. As a popular and practical administrator, Zhou, though critical of Mao’s policies, maintained his position through the Leap. The Cultural Revolution (無產階級文化大革命; Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng 1966-1976) was a great blow to Zhou. At its late stages in 1975, he pushed for the "four modernizations" (四個現代化; sì gè xiàn dài huà) to undo the damage caused by the campaigns. During the late stages of the Cultural Revolution, in 1975, Zhou became the target of Chairman Mao's and Gang of Four's (四人幫; Sì rén bāng), a group of political radicals including Mao's fourth wife, Jiang Qing, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wen-yuan, who were later tried and convicted for implementing Mao’s harsh policies. They were largely responsible for the Cultural Revolution, and aimed to overthrow moderate government officials through slander and criticism. Zhou became to the target of their political campaigns, which accused him of "criticizing Song Jiang (宋江), evaluating the Water Margin (水滸傳; Shuǐhǔ Zhuàn)," alluding to a Chinese literary work, with Zhou as an example of a political loser. He was also targeted by the Criticize Lin (Biao) campaign and its extension, the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius (批林批孔运动; pī Lín pī Kǒng yùndòng) campaign, a political campaign started by Mao’s wife Jiang Qing, because he was viewed as one of the Gang of Four's primary political opponents.
During the demise of the Cultural Revolution in the 1970s, Zhou sought to restore Deng Xiaoping and other moderate leaders to positions of power. After discovering he had cancer, Zhou began to pass many of his responsibilities onto Deng Xiaoping (鄧小平; Dèng Xiǎopíng; Teng Hsiao-p'ing).
Zhou was hospitalized in 1974 for bladder cancer, but continued to conduct work from the hospital, with Deng Xiaoping as the First Deputy Premier handling most of the important State Council matters. Zhou died on the morning of January 8, 1976, eight months before Mao Zedong. Zhou's death brought messages of condolence from many non-aligned states that had been affected by his actions during his tenure as a diplomat and negotiator. Zhou's body was cremated and the ashes scattered by air over hills and valleys, according to his wishes.
Inside China, the infamous Gang of Four (led by Jiang Qing) regarded Zhou's death as the convenient removal of the last major challenge to their plot to seize absolute power. At Zhou's funeral, Deng Xiaoping delivered the official eulogy, but he was later forced out of politics until after Mao's death. The Gang feared that the spontaneous expressions of mourning which had arisen among the people might be dangerous to them.
During the Tiananmen Incident (四五天安门事件) in April, 1976, an attempt by the Gang of Four to suppress mourning for the "Beloved Premier" resulted in rioting. Poetry criticizing the Gang of Four was found on some of the wreaths that were laid, and all wreaths were subsequently taken down at the Monument to the People's Heroes. These actions only further aroused the people. Thousands of armed worker-soldiers brutally crushed the people’s protest in Tiananmen Square, and hundreds of people were arrested. The Gang of Four blamed Deng Xiaoping for the uprising and removed him from all his official positions.
A memorial hall has been dedicated to Zhou and his wife in Tianjin, named Tianjin Zhou Enlai Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall (天津周恩來鄧穎超紀念館), and a statue was erected in Nanjing city, where in the 1940s he worked with the Kuomintang. In 1977, an issue of national postage stamps commemorated the first-year anniversary of his death, and another in 1998 commemorated his 100th birthday.
Zhou Enlai is generally regarded as a skilled negotiator, a master of policy implementation, a devoted revolutionary, and a pragmatic statesman with patience and an unusual attentiveness to detail and nuance. He was also known for his dedication, and is sometimes said to be the last Mandarin bureaucrat in the Confucian tradition. Zhou's political behavior should be viewed in light of his political philosophy as well as his personality. To a large extent, Zhou epitomized the paradox inherent in a communist politician with traditional Chinese upbringing: at once conservative and radical, pragmatic and ideological, possessed by a belief in order and harmony as well as a commitment to rebellion and revolution.
Though a firm believer in the Communist ideal on which modern China was founded, Zhou is seen by many to have had a moderating influence on some of the worst excesses of Mao's regime, although he did not wield the power necessary to bring about major changes to policy. It has been suggested that he used his influence to protect some of China's oldest religious and royalist sites from the rampages of Mao's Red Guards, and to shield many top-level military and government leaders during Mao’s purges.
All links retrieved July 3, 2013.
Zhou Enlai Biography From Spartacus Educational.
This page was last modified on 3 July 2013, at 14:15.
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What do you guys think are the Top 10 Horror FIlms of 2009?
not a bad year for horror. We actually got some killer mainstream releases!
I had to see alot of them online.
Trick r Treat is overrated.
In no particular order whatsoever 1. MBV 3D 2. F13 (to be honest, I can't even remember it - I so woulda been a victim ) 3. H2 (I reckon - once I get over my own expectation I guess it wasn't really THAT bad.) 4. The Haunting in Connecticut? 5. Okay, obviously by my last answer I'm just listing those released this year that I actually saw & sadly that's all of them - I should rent more new movies, huh?
I also can't think of ten from this year, so here are the ones that stand out to me.
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"The Interior" redirects here. For other uses, see Interior.
The British Columbia Interior, BC Interior or Interior of British Columbia, usually referred to only as the Interior, is one of the three main regions of the Canadian province of British Columbia, the other two being the Lower Mainland, which comprises the overlapping areas of Greater Vancouver and the Fraser Valley, and the Coast, which includes Vancouver Island and also including the Lower Mainland (from the perspective of the Interior).
The region, which includes the Interior Plateau as well as various mountain ranges and the valleys between them, comprises everything inland from the Coast Mountains and reaching east to the Rocky Mountains and, in the northeast, British Columbia's sector of the Prairies, the Peace River Block. "Interior" is usually and properly capitalized but turns up in lower-case in various books and magazines. The non-coastal areas of the province are considered to be "in the Interior", although the sparsely populated regions of its northern half are usually referred to only as "the North".
The town of Hope, at the eastern end of the Fraser Valley and at the foot of the Fraser Canyon, is often considered the "Gateway to the Interior" and bears an entrance arch to that effect, though in practical terms the Interior does not begin until somewhere between Yale and Boston Bar, in the Fraser Canyon, or until the summits of the Coquihalla and Allison Passes. The boundary between "the Coast" and "the Interior" along the Highway 99 corridor is nominally between Whistler and Pemberton, as Pemberton is often described as being in the Interior, but from the inland perspective it is often seen as part of the Coast because of its wetter climate and close ties to the Lower Mainland.
There are many subregions within the Interior, some regions in their own right, and although there are no precise definitions, it is often broken up informally as the Northern Interior, the Central Interior, the Southern Interior, the Northeast Interior and Southeast Interior, and these names often appear in non-governmental organizations and company names as well as in government administrative districts and ministerial regions, and in weather reports.
The Northern Interior begins somewhere between the Cariboo and the city of Prince George, which lies just south of the big bend in the upper Fraser. The city of Quesnel may be considered to be part of the Northern Interior, but it is usually conceived of as primarily being in the Cariboo, which is normally termed the Central Interior, or North-Central Interior. The Northern Interior includes Robson Valley (the upper reaches of the Fraser basin) to the southeast of Prince George as well as the Omineca District and the Bulkley and Nechako basins. The communities of the upper Skeena are sometimes referred to as being in the Northern Interior, though in cultural terms and usual usage they are part of the North Coast, which is associated in regional terms usually with the South and Central Coast and Vancouver Island.
The northern reaches of the Northern Interior beyond the Omineca and Skeena-Bulkley regions is usually just referred to as "the North", although it also is considered part of the Northern Interior . "The North" may also refer to Prince George, one of the largest cities in the Interior and also the only major city in the Northern Interior (although that term can also apply to Prince George), which bears the sobriquet "Queen City of the North".
The Central Interior is composed, roughly, of the Chilcotin, Cariboo, Bridge River-Lillooet, Fraser Canyon, Nicola, Thompson and Kamloops-Shuswap Countries. Some usages may refer to the Okanagan cities south of the Shuswap as being in the Central Interior, but these are usually referred to as being in the Southern Interior or South-Central Interior. The Nicola, Fraser Canyon, Thompson and Bridge River -Lillooet Country are sometimes also referred to as being in the Southern Interior, with the Bridge River-Lillooet Country sometimes referred to, along with the Chilcotin, as the West-Central Interior, and the Lillooet Country is historically considered to be part of the Cariboo, though distinct in its own right. The Bridge River Country has also been referred to as the West Cariboo, but is not considered to be in the Cariboo by its residents. Many urban residents are under the impression that the Bridge River Country is part of the Chilcotin because of the "South Chilcotin" name for the Spruce Lake Protected Area, but this is incorrect.
The Southern Interior roughly falls south of the Thompson River and Shuswap Country (corresponding mostly to the post-Oregon Treaty remainder of the old, original, Hudson's Bay Company Columbia District). When used directly, it generally means the Okanagan and adjoining areas, particularly the Similkameen, southern Monashees and Boundary Country. Due to a new federal political riding of the same name (see Southern Interior) the usage has now come to apply to the cities of the West Kootenay, along with the rest of the Kootenays, although the West Kootenay has usually been referred to in the past, and is today, as the Southeast Interior.
The Big Bend of the Columbia and the Rocky Mountain Trench are in the Interior, but are not usually included in mentions of either the Central Interior or Southern Interior.
The Interior comprises over 70% of the province and well over 80% of its mainland. As it consists of a series of interlocking valleys and plateaus, geographic effects relating to isolation, physical remoteness, local indigenous culture, the background of various groups of settlers, and more, have contributed to an identifiable patchwork of regional identities, referred to as "districts" or "countries" (e.g., the Omineca Country, the Boundary Country). Usage such as "Lillooet District" are also common but in a few cases that is also a phrase referring to the land district of the same name, which is a system of legal survey blocks rather than descriptive of the actual geocultural landscape which evolved on top of them. In most cases, the "Country" and "District" are often dropped, and these regions are referred to as, for example, "the Kootenay" or "the Omineca". In some cases, notably the Kootenay, the Chilcotin and the Cariboo, they can be are often referred to as simply Kootenay, Chilcotin and Cariboo.. Some are referred to only without the "Country" or "District" attached, such as "the Tulameen" and "the Similkameen", and in other cases this is more common than the longer form though both occur ("the Stikine" is more common than "the Stikine Country". Combination forms are common, such as Cariboo-Chilcotin, and Thompson-Okanagan, and these often turn up in names of governmental administrative districts, electoral districts and private or public organizations. All often correspond to linguistic and cultural-political divisions of the First Nations as aboriginal history was also shaped by the landscape's isolating and defining characteristics as settler culture.
South Cariboo – (Clinton-100 Mile House-Bridge Lake, sometimes including the Thompson as far south as Lytton.
Bonaparte Country – sometimes considered the northern end of "Thompson Country" as these areas share climatic and regional links.
West Cariboo – was once used for the Bridge River Country.
West Chilcotin – Chilko and Taseko Lakes area.
North Chilcotin – Anahim Lake, Alexis Creek, Nimpo Lake.
South Chilcotin – sometimes used for part of the Bridge River Country (see Spruce Lake Protected Area).
Fraser Canyon – a.k.a. "The Canyon". This term is often used to include the canyon of the Thompson River between Ashcroft and Lytton, partly because the highway route is usually referred to as both the Canyon and the Fraser Canyon.
Lillooet Country – considered part of both the Fraser Canyon and the Cariboo, although distinct within both, and also historically including areas not in either.
Bridge River Country – an important subarea of the Lillooet Country, often combined as Bridge River-Lillooet and at one time dubbed the West Cariboo. Now sometimes confused with the Chilcotin because of the coining of the term South Chilcotin in the 1950s for the area on its northern flank.
South Thompson – the area around Kamloops, from Chase to Ashcroft.
Nicola Country – sometimes considered part of the Thompson, and comprising much of the Thompson Plateau, where it is drained by the Nicola River.
Central Okanagan – the area around Kelowna.
Shuswap Country – the area around Shuswap Lake, but not including the upper Shuswap River drainage east of the Okanagan, which is usually considered part of the North Okanagan or the Monashees.
Boundary Country – often included with the West Kootenay, or with the Okanagan.
The Monashees – sometimes considered a separate area, often included in others; the Southern Monashees are tied to or part of the Boundary Country.
Similkameen Country – frequently included with the southern Okanagan.
The Kootenays a.k.a. "the Kootenay"
The Columbia – the valley of the Upper Columbia south of Golden is often included in the East Kootenay, while the Arrow Lakes region south of Revelstoke is usually considered part the West Kootenay.
Peace River Country – extends into northern Alberta.
The Bulkley – often combined with the sub-coastal Skeena Country as Skeena-Bulkley, along the route of the Yellowhead Highway.
Stikine Country (not the same as Stikine Region, which is part of the regional district system, though not a regional district itself, and includes the Atlin District (also known as the Atlin Country) and the Cassiar Country, and only a part of the Stikine Country, most of which is in the Regional District of Kitimat-Stikine and includes some of the Liard Country, which refers to areas immediately adjoining the Liard River.
the northern Rocky Mountain Trench and adjoining areas of the Northern Rockies, north of Lake Williston, do not belong to any of the appellations adjoining them. In usual usage, they are referred to directly or in reference to rivers within them e.g. the Finlay Country.
The British Columbia Interior's society and culture is affected by the populations of First Nations Canadians and French-Canadians people and residents living close to the US - Canada border.
The Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) is the major roadway through the region. The TCH enters the region from the south after 186 km (116 mi) through the Fraser Canyon in the Lower Mainland toward Cache Creek. As a mostly high mobility highway with only occasional mandatory stops, it heads east for 79 km (49 mi) through to Kamloops where it becomes a short freeway. Then it continues 496 km (308 mi) east through Salmon Arm, Revelstoke, Rogers Pass, Golden, and Kicking Horse Pass (the highest point on the highway, at 1,627 metres), to Banff, Alberta.
^ BC Names entry "Robson Valley"
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0.999405 |
How solemn people look in those old photos. I asked my grandmother about that years ago, because she had old photos from that era. She said people were told not to smile because they had to not move for a long time, and they could not hold a smile long enough.
Yes, typically exposures ran to several seconds, which was long enough to blur the face if you tried to hold a smile.
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0.996902 |
Should I add sound effects to my web site?
I'm considering adding sound effects for interaction on my site. I'm fond of the quick, < 1/4s sound effects on iPhones when sending mail, messaging, etc. I'm thinking it gives a nice, positive feedback. The sound would play when a user clicks a voting button.
Context is important here. Sound feedback can be very useful when people need or expect it. The ATM. That annoying credit card pad that only accepts a button push every 3rd time at the pharmacy check out line. A cash register.
And maybe it can be important for your web site, but realize that that is a very atypical behavior and not something your users are likely expecting. Beyond alert sounds, most computer operating systems, and therefore web browsers, and therefore web sites do not by default have any sort of user-input sound effects. There's likely two good reasons for this.
Any sounds above and beyond alert sounds would make alert sounds less effective. If everything is making a sound, then effectively nothing is making a sound.
And then there's the practical side of things. Lots of people are wearing headphones while on their computer. Listening to music. Or skyping. Or what have you. They are in control of the sound on their machine and may not be thrilled that your web site has decided to add to that.
And most work environments either frown upon or just omit speakers from the workplace machines altogether. So keep those things in mind.
But like most rules-of-thumb, if you have a really good reason to break the rule, absolutely give it a shot.
I would ordinarily not offer an opinion here (as I am just barely worthy to read this site), but I would remind everyone that while the vast majority of users are sighted, introducing sounds can interfere with visually impaired users. If you do add sound (which I think is an excellent idea), please make sure that you include a way for those with difficulties to turn them off.
Conversely, hearing impaired users probably won't have speakers.
The sound should be pleasant, which means it should not be annoying or irritating. Different people have different preferences. Be aware of that.
People working working at offices prefer silence. If a user opens your website and a sound starts playing while at work it could be an uncomfortable situation. If he doesn't know how to stop the sound, he will close the website.
Sound definitely will take extra time to load.
For the front page, I would recommend not playing sound. Alternatively you could provide a POP like something asking the user whether they want sound or not. Keep a record of that, and after a few days / weeks, just check how many there are who preferred sound. You will get your answer from that.
Sound is like the Blink & Marquee tags - it may seem like a great idea to the page designer, but most users will hate it (while a few might like).
I.e., you will create a lot of ill will with a lot of people at the price of a little good will with a few.
If you want to try adding sounds then make them optional for the user to turn them on, not to turn them off. But I would be surprised if you have over 1% of users opting to turn them on and any that do will turn them off again rather quickly.
Whilst the lines are blurring, a website is not an OS, nor is it a device — as previous posters have pointed out this is atypical behaviour for a website to the point of confusing rather than helpful.
Others have made the point that this could be helpful feedback for visually impaired users, so if that is a large proportion of your users then maybe, but otherwise I would wholeheartedly avoid.
Chloe, I think sound effects are completely underutilized in web UX and I encourage you to include them.... when attached to events that the sound would bring meaning to of course.
Post your site here when you do and let us know any feedback on the sounds you apply.
With multi-tab browsing becoming the norm, your uses may often times have the page open but not visible.
And few things are more annoying that trying to figure out what tab is playing sounds you don't want.
If you do add them, make them off by default. And only add them to actions where they enhance the user experience. For example, in Mail on the Mac, I will hit send and then immediately switch to a different program or move to the next message. The "jet send" sound effect lets me know that yes the message sent. It is audible confirmation that I no longer need to worry that the message sent. IF you add sound effect to your site they should serve a similar purpose.
Do not use sound.. its a way back story, when you used to have sound/Music on your sites..mostly with flash sites. Think..if you are opening a site in your office and all of a sudden a music plays and you do not know how to turn it off..and now everyone is looking at yourself... embarrassing..ehn?
having said that this is completely dependable on your business or what you want to portrait to your user. You can certainly give provision to turn it on if user want to.
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You are here: Home - Company News - EPI system has potential to reduce exposure to zoonotic agents to producers and swine workers and improve the overall health and well-being of pigs and people.
The overall goal of this project was to evaluate a commercially available air sanitation technology, the EPI system, as a novel tool to decrease the risk of two important airborne zoonotic agents, IAV and S. aureus.
To determine, under controlled conditions, the effect of the EPI system on the quantity and viability of influenza virus in experimentally generated aerosols.
To determine the effect of the EPI system on the quantity and viability of aureus in experimentally generated aerosols.
Our results indicate the EPI system was effective at reducing the levels of IAV and aureus generated experimentally in the air. Reduction levels between the system “off” and “on” ranged, between 0.56 and 2.58 logs per m3 of air for IAV, and 0.62 and 1.35 logs CFUs/m3 of air for S. aureus.
Under the conditions of this study, relative humidity did not affect the efficiency of the EPI system and reduction levels were greater for both pathogens when the EPI line was installed at 3 m from the ground which also corresponded to the closest distance to the aerosol source.
In summary, the EPI system has potential to reduce exposure to zoonotic agents to producers and swine workers and improve the overall health and well-being of pigs and people.
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0.940951 |
How does Zonal statistics handle pixels that are on the border of the polygon?
I am writing Python scripts that perform essentially the same operations as Zonal Stats, and I have been using Zonal Stats to check my scripts' outputs.
I have noticed that when there are many cells in the polygon being queried, my results match perfectly, but there are discrepancies when there are only a few raster cells in the polygon. The following is an example of this. I am computing "count" for each polygon.
The returned count is 0.45, which looks roughly correct if pixels can be treated fractionally rather than simply in/out.
Similar result; count is 0.39.
With a larger poylgon, now we see the count is exactly 2. Note that there are exactly 2 pixel centers contained in the polygon.
Here, only one pixel center is within the polygon. The count is 1.008, though. If you exclude the polygon area from the pixel whose center is in the polygon, the remaining area is obviously greater than 0.008 of a pixel.
From these exhibits, it seems that Zonal Statistics treats these cases specially. It looks like to me that if there are less than 2 pixel centers within the polygon, it performs some kind of averaging such as polygon_area/raster_cell_area to return the count. I should note that I have 48 of these polygons, and all returned counts greater than or equal to 2 are integers; fractional counts are only returned for <2.
How are these fractional-pixel counts incorporated into the other statistics output by Zonal Stats?
How does Zonal Statistics work exactly? indicates strange behavior with max/min when using large raster cells, and my own testing returns mean values not congruous with simple "pixel center in/out of the polygon." To reiterate, I get exact agreement when the underlying raster contains many pixels within the polygon. I couldn't find any documentation about this, and it may be important when people have never had problems with Zonal Stats but use a coarse raster and remain unaware that there is a different behavior when there are only a few pixels within the polygon.
QGIS first makes an initial pass, checking to see if the center of each raster cell is within the polygon. If fewer than two cell centers are within the polygon, it performs a vector-based intersection for all intersecting cells, whether their center is within the polygon or not, and computes a weight that is the fraction of each cell that is covered by the polygon. If two or more cell centers are within the polygon, those cells are assigned a weight of 1 and all other cells are assigned a weight of 0.
How these weights are applied depends on the statistic in question.
The sum is calculated as the sum of each pixel value times its weight.
The count is calculated as the sum of all pixel weights.
The mean is calculated as the sum divided by the count.
The median, variance, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum are calculated for all pixels with a weight > 0, but do not take individual pixel weights into account in the calculations.
I can handle partially overlapping pixels adapting code (for PyQGIS in QGIS 3) in the answer to this question: Robust Zonal stats in R and QGIS.
uri = "Polygon?crs=epsg:" + str(epsg) + "&field=id:integer&field=value:double&field=area:double&field=w_value:double""&index=yes"
Attributes table has weighted values for pixel for each intersected polygon area (with a temporal grid that coincides with raster cells).
At following example can be observed a shapefile (Polygons_new2) that intersects a complete pixel. Its weighted value at attributes table is the same as pixel value (as expected). Remaining pixel values are proportional to covered area by shapefile.
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0.999772 |
Draft article for possible inclusion in online photographic website.
Hi everyone, I thought I’d share this with you. It doesn’t have a title as yet.
As I sit here looking at my modern digital cameras I’m reminded of my first camera and, in particular, the first photograph that I ever took. Nowadays we take cameras and camera technology pretty much for granted but when I was a child I can’t remember many photographs. The only time our camera saw the light of day, and it had to be the light of day, as there wasn’t a flash, was on a few family occasions, the usual thing, school sports days, birthdays, etc.. My interest in photography didn’t start until my grandfather “loaned” me his camera to take with me on a week-long school trip, sleeping under canvas, in Snowdonia, North Wales. It was a somewhat battered old twin-lens reflex camera in which one looked downwards in to the viewfinder when taking a photograph.
I remember being very excited at being entrusted with the family camera, film wasn’t cheap and I had very little to no idea how to use it. The experience must have made some kind of impression on me as, after all these years, I still remember taking my first photograph. The coach stopped en-route at Blenheim Palace, the ancestral home of Sir Winston Churchill and it became the subject of my first photograph. Although, sadly, like my other photographs from the trip, it has long since disappeared, however, I really don’t need the photograph to remind me as the experience is indelibly etched on my mind. I wonder if this is perhaps where my interest in landscape photography stems from but that’s probably too much of an assumption. As far as I remember I was the only kid on the trip to have a camera, that’s how different things were, nowadays, just about everyone has a camera of some sort built in to their mobile phones. It also taught me to be disciplined to the point of being frugal when taking photographs as the trip was for one week and I only had a 12 exposure black and white film in the camera.
Some years later I really got the photography bug and bought my first camera, an Olympus OM-1 35 mm film camera and I went on to own their OM-2 and OM-4ti cameras and a range of lenses. Film was still pretty expensive considering I earned about £20 a week in my first job so I got in to developing and printing my own black and white and, later, colour films to help keep the costs down and make things more affordable. Not only did this experience teach me an awful lot about image-making start to finish, many of the techniques and skills that I learned in my makeshift darkroom, a small room adorned with genuine World War 2 blackout curtains fitted to keep out the light, another hand-me-down from my grandfather, these skills would re-surface and be invaluable some years later when I started working on processing my digital images.
I put myself through University as a mature student and I badly needed the money so I had to very reluctantly part with all my photographic equipment, but needs must. After I graduated I bought my first digital camera, a small fixed lens Kodak compact camera, reduced in a sale. It had, by today’s standards, a laughably small maximum image resolution of 640×480 pixels or, to put it another way, a stunning 0.4 Megapixels!. For all of this and further equipped with screw on wide angle and telephone lens attachments, it proved to be a fabulous little camera which I took all over the place with me. Put simply, digital photography was a revelation, to me, no requirement for film, no real running costs and a lot of image capacity on a small memory card which I found absolutely liberating.
A few years before that I had discovered some free graphics editing software on the cover disk of a computer magazine and that started off my real passion for working with graphics and, ultimately, photo processing. So I then had all the tools I required to develop, pun intended and further, my interest in digital photography. Processing is where the magic starts for me, I am totally absorbed in and fascinated by the range of options that digital processing affords me. It encourages me, if, that is, I ever need encouragement, to constantly experiment with new styles, new techniques and is such an important part of my enjoyment and interest in photography.
I went on to own several DSLRs but, as I got older I began to find that they were simply too heavy and bulky. I switched over a few years ago to Micro Four Thirds cameras and lenses. My choice of MFT system was heavily influenced by my experiences with my Olympus film cameras, maybe it was, in truth, part based on nostalgia that I decided on their OM-D system. As a landscape/travel photographer I have to carry my gear around all day and the weight and bulk saving is highly significant. I’ve been very impressed with the image quality of my Micro Four Thirds equipment, it has traveled with me extensively, never let me down and I have never had cause to question my decision to go over to that format.
So my 50 year photographic adventure has led me from twin-lens reflex and single-lens reflex film cameras to digital cameras, from stumbling around in a dimly-lit darkroom to working with my images on my computer. I’ve heard it said on occasions, including a comment I read some while back by a very famous photographer, that cameras being so much an every-day item now and available in mobile phones etc. devalues photography. I feel quite the opposite, I firmly believe that it empowers everyone with affordable technology to take photographs and enjoy photography and that, in my opinion, is fantastic. Although I’ve very much enjoyed my personal photographic journey I do confess to feeling a slight tinge of regret that the technology wasn’t available when I started out but one can’t put the clock back and I intend to keep on embracing all these great technological advancements, experimenting and enjoying my work.
An interesting post regarding colour profiles.
I’ve been using DXO Labs camera-specific colour profiles and there’s absolutely nothing wrong with them but I stumbled across this article and decided to follow the stages described and made my own DCP profiles for my different camera bodies for use with DXO PhotoLab and Lightroom.
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0.962828 |
In relativity theory, gravitomagnetic effects are inertial or gravitational field effects that might be expected when there is relative motion between bodies. Some of these effects are currently included within standard "core" physics, some aren't.
The name comes from an analogy with electromagnetism, where the motion of an "electric" charge produces "magnetic" side-effects. In gravitomagnetism, the "moving charge" is inertial-gravitational, and the "gravitomagnetic" effect can be considered as being due to a distortion of a body's surrounding inertial-gravitational field. These effects can be considered consequences of the finite speed of gravitational signals: if a body changes its location or velocity while its previous signals are in flight, the way that its signals are distributed though space should be affected. If we consider the inertia of a body to be partly or wholly determined by its interactions with its environment, then interfering with the way that it communicates with that environment might alter its apparent inertial properties.
The name "gravitomagnetism" is slightly misleading, in that it doesn't have anything directly do do with electromagnetism, or with conventional magnetism.
A forcibly-accelerated observer feels gee-forces that appear to them as evidence of an apparent gravitational field. Applying the general principle of relativity, the observer is entitled to blame the existence of this field on the relative acceleration of the rest of the universe. The observer can say: "When the background stars accelerate, I feel an associated gravitational field". The principle of relativity then requires that the effect be mutual ("democratic principle"), so, as a result of the general principle of relativity, if we forcibly accelerate a mass, the acceleration is smudged out into the surrounding region, and should cause light and particles near to the mass to undergo a certain amount of acceleration, too.
As the body resists the applied acceleration, it tries to grab onto its surrounding region of spacetime, and nearby bodies in that region get pulled along. The forced acceleration of a body effectively causes a gravitational field around that body, acting in the same direction as the acceleration. From the point of view of the "forcibly accelerated" observer, it is this same effect, applied to the relative acceleration of all the background stars around them, that produces the apparent gravitational field and the geeforces that they feel.
Similar arguments say that a body should be more gravitationally attractive in its equatorial plane if it is seen to be rotating, and that this attraction should be strongest towards the side of the body that moves away from us. The observer can say, "When I see the background stars to be circling around me, I feel associated gravitational fields pulling me outwards in the rotation plane, and around in the sense of the rotation".
The second effect that we notice with our launched rocket is that, if the rocket proceeds in pretty much a straight line with respect to the background stars, then from the point of view of the Earth observer, the rocket is moving away from the Earth in an expanding spiral that makes it circle the Earth, East-to-West, once every every 24 hours. For the Earth observer, the launched rocket was originally traveling in a straight line, but had its path deflected into a spiral by the rotating shell of surrounding matter.
This tells us that a rotating shell of matter must generate inside itself a Coriolis field that pulls other objects around with it, and if we then again turn the description inside out, or apply the principle of mutuality, we conclude that the general principle of relativity predicts that rotating bodies should twist gravitational fieldlines, so that nearby objects and light are pulled around.
Both effects can be visualised as fieldline effects: the results of the finite speed of gravity plus relative rotation causing a body's gravitational fieldlines to twist around it when it rotates relative to its environment.
The "twist" causes the rotating object's gravitational centre of gravity to appear offset towards its receding side, and as a result, when we surround the body with observers and ask them to point towards where the body's gravitation appears to be centred, those indications no longer point to the same location, but to locations that are all offset in the rotation plane, away from a common centre. The idealisation of a rotating mass is no longer a point, but a ring, and this is part of why we say that rotating black holes under GR1915 are idealised as containing a ring-singularity at their centre, instead of a point-singularity.
In current physics, this rotational dragging effect is referred to as frame-dragging, and the effect that this should have on orbiting gyroscopes is referred to as the Lens-Thirring effect. An orbiting experiment to test this for this effect ("Gravity Probe B"), was launched in 2004, with the (delayed) results now hoped for some time in 2008.
We can extrapolate from rotational effects to argue that gravitomagnetic effects should also drag light and matter between bodies that are moving with a simple velocity. In the rotational case, the receding, redshifted side of a rotating mass should pull at us more strongly than the approaching, blueshifted side, and if we turn this association into a general rule, we'll expect receding redshifted bodies to pull more strongly than approaching blueshifted ones. This association is already obviously true when the shift is due to gravitation rather than motion, and we might even decide that it would be interesting to treat the conventional motion shifts that we see as the result of the body's associated gravitomagnetic field.
Although the expected phenomenology of "velocity-dependent" gravitomagnetic effects seems to correspond well to the available physical evidence, the status of this class of effect under current theory isn't totally clear. The phenomena that we'd associate with velocity-dependent gravitomagnetic effects seem to already be in place within general relativity for bodies with strong gravitational fields, and general relativity agrees that a moving gravitational filed carries energy and momentum, and can "bump" nearby objects. Moving gravitational masses can exchange momentum with nearby bodies, and for the effect to be mutual, bodies that would normally be considered to have insignificant gravity must also be able to cause the effect. Technically, there should be no distinction between the rules of physics for strong-gravity and weak-gravity bodies.
In practice, current textbook theory makes a distinction between "gravitational" and "non-gravitational" physics, and assumes that there is a realm where the interactions of bodies can be modeled by assuming that these sorts of dragging effects don't occur. Current textbook relativity theory uses special relativity to model physics in flat spacetime, and says that general theories need to reduce to the physics of SR over small regions to be considered credible.
The argument for dividing physics up in this way is that since small bodies have such negligible gravitational fields, any effects due to modifications of those fields must be even tinier. The counter-argument is that the general principle tells us that inertial and gravitational mass are different aspects of the same underlying property, and the inertial mass of a small object is not insignificant in physics -- it's perhaps one of the most important factors in most calculations. Setting the inertial mass of bodies to zero destroys most inertial physics. We also know that when we send signals between moving water molecules, the motion of those molecules causes an offset in the speed of light (Fizeau experiment), so the sort of dragging effect that we'd expect if our third gravitomagnetic effect was real has already been verified.
The velocity-dependent gravitomagnetism seems to offer an alternative way of creating and regulating local lightspeed constancy in situations involving relative motion. However, since the idea would mean that special relativity's geometry and derivations were wrong, most physicists tend to say that we know that this third effect doesn't happen, or that if it does happen it must be too weak to bother with, or that if it does happen to a significant degree with strong-gravity bodies( momentum exchange, slingshot effect), that this must be a special effect that only applies when gravitational fields are strong.
Since special relativity is founded on the geometrical assumption of flat spacetime, the third gravitomagnetic effect hasn't been integrated into Twentieth-Century relativity theory.
In its most general form, gravitomagnetism can be thought of as a simple "smudging" of a body's kinetic energy and momentum out into the surrounding region, as a field effect. Gravitomagnetism then allows passing bodies to exchange energy and momentum via the coupling of their external gravitomagnetic fields, without undergoing a direct collision.
However, we don't seem to be able to apply this most general concept of gravitomagnetism within relativistic field theories based on special relativity. A fully-fledged gravitomagnetic model would treat moving-body problems as exercises in curved space or curved spacetime, while special relativity treats them as problems involving only flat spacetime.
1. That small portions of space are in fact of a nature analogous to little hills on a surface which is on the average flat; namely, that the ordinary laws of geometry are not valid in them.
2. That this property of being curved or distorted is continually being passed on from one portion of space to another after the manner of a wave.
3. That this variation of the curvature of space is what really happens in that phenomenon which we call the motion of matter, whether ponderable or etherial.
4. That in the physical world nothing else takes place but this variation subject (possibly) to the law of continuity. "
" What is to be expected along the line of Mach's thought?
1. The inertia of a body must increase when ponderable masses are piled up in its neighbourhood.
2. A body must experience an accelerating force when neighboring masses are accelerated, and, in fact, the force must be in the same direction as that acceleration.
3. A rotating hollow body must generate inside of itself a 'Coriolis field', which deflects moving bodies in the sense of the rotation, and a radial centrifugal field as well.
We shall now show that these three effects ... are actually present according to our theory. ... "
" On the basis of the general theory of relativity, on the other hand, space as opposed to "what fills space", which is dependent on the co-ordinates, has no separate existence. ... If we imagine the gravitational field, i.e. the functions gik, to be removed, there does not remain a space of the type (1), but absolutely nothing, and also no "topological space". For the functions gik describe not only the field, but at the same time also the topological and metrical structural properties of the manifold. ... There is no such thing as an empty space, i.e. a space without field. ... Space-time does not claim existence on its own, but only as a structural quality of the field. "
Appendix, "Relativity and the Problem of Space"
" … space-time is not necessarily something to which one can ascribe a separate existence, independently of the actual objects of physical reality. Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. "
" The vision of Riemann, Clifford and Einstein, of a purely geometrical basis for physics, today has come to a higher state of development, and offers richer prospects -- and presents deeper problems -- than ever before. "
In employing Einstein's Theory to investigate the effect of a large accelerated mass on a small test body, it is found that the accelerated body drags the test body along with it. ... "
... the gravitational spin-spin force has the same form as the force between two dipoles in electromagnetism except that its sign is opposite, i.e., "north pole" attracts "north pole" in gravitational spin-spin interaction.
" In other words, inside a rotating universe, the axes of gyroscopes rotate in step with the rotation ... they are tied to the directions of distant bodies in that universe. ... The existence of the dragging of inertial frames then guarantees that rotation must be defined relative to distant matter, not relative to some absolute space. ... "
Chapter 11: "The Frontiers of Experimental Relativity"
... Intuitively intrinsic gravitomagnetism may be thought of as that phenomenon such that the spacetime geometry and curvature change due to currents of mass-energy relative to other matter.
Section 6.11 "Gravitomagnetism, dragging of inertial frames, static geometry, and Lorentz invariance"
" As electric charge, going round and round in a circle, produces magnetism, so mass, going round and round in a circle, must produce a new kind of force, gravitomagnetism. ... The quickest way to an order of magnitude estimate of this Einstein-Lense-Thirring "frame dragging" is a line of reasoning invented by Mach which was very influential in guiding Einstein to his geometrodynamics. ... "
Chapter 13: "A Farewell Look at Gravity"
" Looking at a "frozen instant" of an object moving through its environment, we still have a problem of interpretation: the photograph of the ball certainly could be interpreted as showing the ball moving, but it could also be interpreted as showing a ball immersed in a polarised gravitational field. Which interpretation is correct?
In a unified model, the two descriptions may be interchangeable. Is the redshift seen in a receding object due to its recession or to its gravitomagnetic dragging effect on light? As long as we can do the same calculations in each case and get the same answer, we really don't care. "
" If gravitomagnetic distortions are fundamental, a physical observer's perception of the apparent alignment of space and time axes is no longer just a matter of the mathematical projection of different coordinate systems onto a flat empty region: it becomes a more physical, visceral interaction between the observer and their environment. "
section 9.13: "Zeno revisited: The 'impossibility' of motion" / "motion without motion"
section 9.14: "Worldlines and curvature"
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A. Combine the given sentences into one sentence that contain parallel structure!
1. Mary is opening the door. Mary is greeting her guests.
2. Mary is kind. Mary is generous. Mary is truth worthy.
3. I like coffee. I don’t like tea.
4. I have met her mother. I haven’t met her father.
5. I should have finished my homework. I should have cleaned my room.
6. He decided to quit school. He decided to go to California. He decided to find a job.
7. He enjoys reading novel’s in his spare time. He enjoys watching TV in his spare time.
B. Combine the following into sentences that contain parallel structure. Use appropriate paired conjunction!
8. We could fly, or we could take the train.
9. You can have tea, or you can have coffee.
10. Arthur is absent. Ricardo is absent.
11. Nico doesn’t understand English. His brother doesn’t understand English.
12. Bob is not in class today. Alex is not in class today.
13. Ron enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding.
14. According to the news report, it will snow tonight, or it will rain tonight.
15. The library doesn’t have the book I need. the book store doesn’t have the book I need.
1. Mary is opening the door and greeting her guests.
2. Mary is kind, generous, and truth worthy.
3. I like coffee but don’t like tea.
4. I have met her mother but haven’t met her father.
5. I should have finished my homework and cleaned my room.
6. He decided to quit to school ,to go to California or to find a job.
7. He enjoys reading novel’s and watching TV in his spare time.
8. We not only could fly but also take the rain.
9. Not only tea but also you can have coffee.
10. Both Arthur and Ricardo are absent.
11. Not only Nico but also his brother doesn’t understand English.
12. Neither Bob nor Alex is not in class today.
13. Not only Ron but also Bob enjoys horseback riding.
14. According to the news report, either will snow or rain tonight.
15. Neither the library nor the bookstore doesn’t have the book I need.
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0.940281 |
Riesling is a white grape variety which originated in the Rhine region of Germany. Riesling is an aromatic grape variety displaying flowery, almost perfumed, aromas as well as high acidity. It is used to make dry, semi-sweet, sweet and sparkling white wines. Riesling wines are usually varietally pure and are seldom oaked. As of 2004, Riesling was estimated to be the world's 20th most grown variety at 48,700 hectares (120,000 acres) (with an increasing trend), but in terms of importance for quality wines, it is usually included in the "top three" white wine varieties together with Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Riesling is a variety which is highly "terroir-expressive", meaning that the character of Riesling wines is clearly influenced by the wine's place of origin.
In 2006, Riesling was the most grown variety in Germany with 20.8% and 21,197 hectares (52,380 acres), and in the French region of Alsace with 21.9% and 3,350 hectares (8,300 acres). There are also significant plantings of Riesling in Austria, Luxembourg, northern Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Finger Lakes, USA, Canada, South Africa, China and Ukraine. In the countries where it is cultivated, Riesling is most commonly grown in colder regions and locations.
Riesling has a long history, and there are several written references to the variety dating from the 15th century, although with varying orthography. The earliest of these references dates from March 13, 1435, when the storage inventory of the high noble Count John IV. of Katzenelnbogen in Rüsselsheim (a small principality on the Rhine, close to today's Rheingau) lists "22 ß umb seczreben Rießlingen in die wingarten" ("22 shillings for Riesling vine cuttings for the vineyard"). The spelling Rießlingen is repeated in many other documents of the time. The modern spelling Riesling was first documented in 1552 when it was mentioned in Hieronymus Bock's Latin herbal.
A map of Kintzheim in Alsace from 1348 contains the text zu dem Russelinge, but it is not certain that this reference is to the grape variety. However, in 1477, Riesling was documented in Alsace under the spelling Rissling. In Wachau in Austria, there is a small stream and a small vineyard both called Ritzling, which are claimed locally to have given Riesling its name. However, there seem to be no documentary evidence to back this up, so this claim is not widely believed to be correct.
Earlier, Riesling was sometimes claimed to have originated from wild vines of the Rhine region, without much support to back up that claim. More recently, DNA fingerprinting by Ferdinand Regner indicated that one parent of Riesling is Gouais Blanc, known to the Germans as Weißer Heunisch, a variety that, while rare today, was widely grown by the French and German peasantry of the Middle Ages. The other parent is a cross between a wild vine and Traminer. It is presumed that the Riesling was born somewhere in the valley of the Rhine, since both Heunisch and Traminer have a long documented history in Germany, but with parents from either side of the Adriatic the cross could have happened anywhere on the way.
It has also been suggested, but not proved, that the red-skinned version of Riesling is the forerunner of the common, "white" Riesling. Most likely, the genetic differences between white and red Riesling are minuscule, as is the case for the difference between Pinot noir and Pinot gris.
Riesling wines are often consumed when young, when they make a fruity and aromatic wine which may have aromas of green or other apples, grapefruit, peach, gooseberry, honey, rose blossom or cut green grass, and usually a crisp taste due to the high acidity. However, Riesling's naturally high acidity and range of flavours make it suitable for extended aging. International wine expert Michael Broadbent rates aged German Rieslings, some hundreds of years old, extremely highly. Sweet Riesling wines, such as German Trockenbeerenauslese are especially suited for cellaring since the high sugar content provides for additional preservation. However, high quality dry or off-dry Riesling wine is also known to have not just survived but also been enjoyable at an age exceeding 100 years.
More common aging periods for Riesling wines would be 5-15 years for dry, 10-20 years for semi-sweet and 10-30+ for sweet versions.
With time, Riesling wines tend to acquire a petrol note which is sometimes described with associations to kerosene, lubricant or rubber. While an integral part of the aroma profile of mature Riesling and sought after by many experienced drinkers, it may be off-putting to those unaccustomed to it, and those who primarily seek young and fruity aromas in their wine. The negative attitude to aromas of mature Riesling, and the preference for young wines of this variety, seem more common in Germany than in Alsace or on the export market, and some German producers, especially the volume-oriented ones, have even gone so far as to consider the petrol notes a defect which they try to avoid. In that vein, the German Wine Institute has gone so far as to omit the mentioning of "petrol" as a possible aroma on their German-language Wine Aroma Wheel, which is supposed to be specially adapted to German wines, and despite the fact that professor Ann C. Noble had included petrol in her original version of the wheel.
The most expensive wines made from Riesling are late harvest dessert wines, produced by letting the grapes hang on the vines well past normal picking time. Through evaporation caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea ("noble rot") or by freezing, as in the case of ice wine (in German, Eiswein), water is removed and the resulting wine offers richer layers on the palate. These concentrated wines have more sugar (in extreme cases hundreds of grams per litre), more acid (to give balance to all the sugar), more flavour, and more complexity. These elements combine to make wines which are amongst the most long lived of all white wines. The beneficial use of "noble rot" was discovered in the late 18th century at Schloss Johannisberg. Permission from the Abbey of Fulda (which owned the vineyard) to start picking the grapes arrived too late and the grapes had begun to rot; yet it turned out that the wine made from them was still of excellent quality.
Originating in German soil today Riesling is Germanys leading grape variety, known for its characteristic transparencyin flavour and presentation of terroir, and its balance between fruit and mineral flavours. In Germany, Riesling normally ripens between late September and late November, and late harvest Riesling can be picked as late as January.
Three common characteristics of German Riesling are that they are rarely blended with other varietals, hardly ever exposed to commercial yeast and usually never exposed to oak flavour (despite some vintners fermenting in "neutral" oak barrels). To this last item there is an exception with some vinters in the wine regionsof Palatinate (Pfalz) and Baden experimenting with new oak aging. The warmer temperatures in those regions produce heavier wines with a higher alcohol content that can better contend with the new oak. While clearer in individual flavours when it is young, a German Riesling will harmonize more as it ages, particularly around ten years of age.
In Germany, sugar levels at time of harvest are an important consideration in the wine's production with prädikat levels measuring the sweetness of the wine. Equally important to winegrowers is the balance of acidity between the green tasting malic acid and the more citrus tasting tartaric acid. In cool years, some growers will wait until November to harvest in hopes of having a higher level of ripeness and subsequent tartaric acid.
Riesling is on record as being planted in the Alsace region by 1477 when its quality was praised by the Duke of Lorraine. Today over a fifth of Alsace's vineyards are covered with Riesling vines, mostly in the Haut-Rhin district, with the wine produced here being very different from neighboring German Riesling. This is partly from difference in the soil with the clay Alsatian soil being more dominately calcareous than the slate composition of Rheingau. The other differences come in wine making styles, with the Alsatian preferring more French-oriented methods that produce wines of higher alcohol content (normally around 12%) and more roundness due to longer time spent in the steel tanks. Alsace Riesling are never aged in oak barrels. In contrast to German wine laws, Alsatian rieslings can be chaptalized, a process in which the alcoholic content is increased through the addition of sugar to the must.
In contrast to other Alsatian wines, Rieslings in this area are usually not meant to be drunk young, but many are still best in the first years. Rieslings produced here tend to be mostly very dry with a cleansing acidity. They are thick bodied wines that coat the palate. These wines age exceptionally well with a quality vintage ageing up to 20 years. This is beneficial since the flavours in an Alsace wine will often open up after three years, developing softer and fruitier flavours. Riesling is very suitable for the late harvest Vendange Tardive and the botrytize SElection de Grains Nobles, with good acidity keeping up the sweetness of the wine.
In addition to Muscat, Gewurztraminer and Pinot Gris, Riesling is one of the acceptable varieties whose planting is allowed in Alsace's grand cru sites.
In 1838 William Macarthur planted Riesling vines near Penrith in New South Wales. Riesling was the most planted white grape in Australia until the early 1990s when Chardonnay greatly increased in popularity. Riesling still flourishes in the Clare Valley, in particular the areas of Watervale and around the Polish Hill River, and the cooler Eden Valley and High Eden regions. Riesling is also being grown with increasing popularity in the Western Australian regions Albany, Frankland River and Porongorup. The warmer Australian climate produces thicker skinned grapes, sometimes seven times the thickness of German grown grape. The grapes ripening in free drain soil composed of red soil over limestone and shale, producing a lean wine that as it matures produces toasty, honeycomb and lime aromas and flavours. It is common for Australian Rieslings to be fermented at low temperatures in stainless steel tanks with no oxidation of the wine and followed by earlier bottling.
Australian Rieslings are noted for their oily texture and citrus fruit flavours in their youth and a smooth balance of freshness and acid as they age. The botrytized Rieslings have immense levels of flavour concentrations that have been favorably compared to lemon marmalade.
Riesling was first planted in New Zealand in the 1970s and has flourished in the relatively cool climate of the Marlborough area and for late harvests in the Nelson region. In comparison to Australian Riesling, New Zealand produces lighter and more delicate wines that range from sweet to dry.Home of cool climate wines, Central Otago, has recently emerged as another area producing terroir driven wines.
Riesling is the second leading white grape varietal after the indigenous Grüner Veltliner. Austrian Riesling is generally thick bodied, coating the palate and producing a strong clarity of flavour coupled with a mouthwatering aroma. A particular Austrian Riesling trademark is a long finish that includes hints of white pepper. It flourishes in the cool climate and free-draining granite and mica soil of the Wachau region where Austrian wine laws allow for irrigation. With levels normally around 13% it has a relatively high alcohol content for Riesling and is generally at its peak after 5 years. Austrian Riesling is not known for its sweetness and is mostly dry with very few grapes affected by botrytis.
In the late nineteenth century German immigrants brought with them Riesling vines, named Johannisberg Riesling to qualify them as œlegitimate German Riesling. New York, particularly in the Finger Lakes region, was one of the earliest U.S. producers of Riesling. Plantings started to appear in California by 1857 and followed in Washington State in 1871.
New York Riesling generally has a characteristic effervescent light body with a similarly light, mellow flavour. The wine can be dynamic though rarely robust, and ranges from dry to sweet. New York is also a notable producer of Riesling based Ice Wine, although a large majority of New York Ice Wine is made from Vidal Blanc and Vignoles.
In the Pacific Northwest there is a stark contrast in Riesling production. The grape is currently on the rise in Washington State but on the decline in neighboring Oregon. Riesling from this area ranges from dry to sweet, and has a crisp lightness that bodes well for easy drinking. Often there will be an easily detectable peach and mineral complex. Some Washington State winemakers, such as Chateau Ste. Michelle, are adapting German-style Riesling production methods, and even partnering with well-known German vintners like Dr. Ernest Loosen to create specialty wines such as the Eroica Riesling. With annual productions of over 600,000 cases a year, Chateau Ste. Michelle is the worldwide leader in the production of Riesling wines by volume. In 2007 Pacific Rim Winemakers, another Pacific Northwest winery and owned by Randall Grahm of Bonny Doon, has built the first wine facility in Red Mountain AVA dedicated completely to Riesling production.
In Ontario, Riesling is commonly used for Icewine, where the wine is noted for its breadth and complexity. Niagara is a major producer of ice wine in general, putting it neck-and-neck with Germany. Late Harvest wines and some sparkling wines are produced with Riesling in Niagara but it is table wines from dry to off-dry that hold the largest share of production. The climate of the region is typically quite warm in the summertime which adds a layer of richness in the wines. It is interesting that the founder of St. Urbanshoff in the Mosel, Herman Weiss, was an early pioneer in Niagara's modern viticulture, selling his strain of Mosel clone Riesling to many producers in west Niagara (these vines are well over 20 years old now). This clone and Niagara's summer heat make for uniquely bright wines and often show up in interesting dry styled versions. Many producers and wine critics will argue that Niagara's best offerings come from the Niagara Escarpment region which encompasses the Short Hills Bench, 20 Mile Bench and Beamsville Bench.
Riesling is also widely grown in South Africa, Chile and Central Europe, particularly Romania and Moldova.
In wine making, the delicate nature of the Riesling grape requires special handling during harvesting to avoid crushing or bruising the skin. Without this care, the broken skins could leak tannin into the juice, giving a markedly coarse taste and throwing off balance the Riesling’s range of flavours and aromas.
Unlike Chardonnay, most Riesling do not undergo malolactic fermentation. This helps preserve the tart, acidic characteristic of the wine that gives Riesling its thirst-quenching quality. (Producers of Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Grigio often avoid malolactic fermentation for the same reason.) Riesling is often put through a process of cold stabilization, where the wine is stored just above its freezing point. The wine is kept at this temperature until much of the tartaric acid has crystallized and precipitated out of the wine. This helps prevent crystallization of the acid (often called "wine diamonds") in the bottle. After this, the wine is normally filtered again to remove any remaining yeast or impurities.
In viticulture, the two main components in growing Riesling grapes are to keep it "Long & Low" meaning that the ideal situation for Riesling is a climate that allows for a long, slow ripening and proper pruning to keep the yield low and the flavour concentrated.
As with other white wines, dry Riesling is generally served at a cool 11 °C (52 °F). Sweeter Rieslings are often served warmer.
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There are theories that during the Neolithic era Bouldnor was an active seaport that supported trade with the Middle East as wheat was present here 8,000 years ago, hundreds of years before wheat was grown anywhere in Europe.
The Isle of Wight is first mentioned in writing in Geography by Ptolemy. Bronze Age Britain had large reserves of tin in the areas of Cornwall and Devon and tin is necessary to smelt bronze. At that time the sea level was much lower and carts of tin were brought across the Solent at low tide for export, possibly on the Ferriby Boats. Anthony Snodgrass suggests that a shortage of tin, as a part of the Bronze Age Collapse and trade disruptions in the Mediterranean around 1300 BC, forced metalworkers to seek an alternative to bronze. During Iron Age Britain,the Late Iron Age, the Isle of Wight would appear to have been occupied by the Celtic tribe, the Durotriges - as attested by finds of their coins, for example, the South Wight Hoard, and the Shalfleet Hoard. South eastern Britain experienced significant Continental immigration that is reflected in the genetic makeup of the current residents. As the Iron Age began the value of tin likely dropped sharply and this likely greatly changed the economy of the Isle of Wight. Trade however continued as evidenced by the remarkable local abundance of European Iron Age coins.
Caesar reported that the Belgae took the Isle of Wight about 85 BC and named it Ictus (or Vectis). The Roman historian Suetonius mentions that the entire island was captured by the commander Vespasian, who later became emperor. The remains of at least five Roman villas have been found on the island, including one near Gurnard which is submerged. First century exports were principally hides, slaves, hunting dogs, grain, cattle, silver, gold, and iron. Ferriby Boats and later Blackfriars Ships likely were important to the local economy.
At the end of the Roman Empire, the island of Vectis became a Jutish kingdom ruled by King Stuf and his successors until AD 661 when it was invaded by Wulfhere of Mercia and forcibly converted to Christianity. When he left for Mercia the islanders reverted to paganism.
In AD 685 it was invaded by Caedwalla of Wessex and can be considered to have become part of Wessex. The resistance to the invasion was led by the local King Arwald and after he was defeated and slain, at Caedwalla's insistence, Wight became the last part of the English lands to convert to Christianity in AD 686. After Alfred the Great (who reigned 871 - 899) made the West Saxon kings the kings of all England, it then became administratively part of England. The island became part of the shire of Hampshire and was divided into hundreds as was the norm. From this time the island suffered especially from Viking predations. Alfred the Great's navy defeated the Danes in 871 after they had "ravaged Devon and the Isle of Wight".
The Norman Conquest created the position of Lord of the Isle of Wight. Carisbrooke Priory and the fort of Carisbrooke Castle were founded. The island did not come under full control of the Crown until it was sold by the dying last Norman Lord, Lady Isabella de Fortibus, to Edward I in 1293.
In 1374, the Castilian fleet, led by Fernán Sánchez de Tovar, the 1st Lord of Belves, sacked and burned the island.
The Lordship thereafter became a royal appointment. It is sometimes said that there was a brief interruption when Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick was in 1444 crowned King of the Isle of Wight with King Henry VI assisting in person at the ceremony, placing the crown on his head. With no male heir, the regal title supposedly expired on the death of Henry de Beauchamp in 1446. But there is no good evidence for this story, and it is considered baseless.
The French landed an invasion force on the island on 21 July 1545 but were rapidly repulsed by local militia. English ships were engaged in battle with the French navy, and it was two days earlier, on 19 July, that the Mary Rose was sunk.
Henry VIII, who developed the Royal Navy and its permanent base at Portsmouth, fortified the island at Yarmouth, Cowes, East Cowes, and Sandown. Much later, after the Spanish Armada in 1588, the threat of Spanish attacks remained and the outer fortifications of Carisbrooke Castle were built between 1597 and 1602.
During the English Civil War King Charles fled to the Isle of Wight, believing he would receive sympathy from the governor, Robert Hammond. Hammond was appalled, and imprisoned the king in Carisbrooke Castle. Charles had originally intended to flee to Jersey, but became lost in the New Forest and missed the boat.
During the Seven Years' War, the island was used as a staging post for British troops departing on expeditions against the French coast such as the Raid on Rochefort. During 1759 with a planned French invasion imminent, a large force of soldiers was kept there so they could be moved at speed to any destination on the Southern English coast. The French called off their invasion following the Battle of Quiberon Bay. A later French invasion plan involved a landing on the Isle of Wight.
Queen Victoria made Osborne House on the Isle of Wight her summer home for many years and, as a result, it became a major holiday resort for fashionable Victorians including Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Julia Margaret Cameron, Charles Dickens (who wrote much of David Copperfield there) as well as the French painter Berthe Morisot and members of European royalty.
During her reign, the world's first radio station was set up by Marconi in 1897 at the Needles Battery, at the western tip of the island.
During the Second World War the island was frequently bombed. With its proximity to France the island had a number of observation stations and transmitters. It was the starting-point for one of the earlier Operation Pluto pipelines to feed fuel to the Normandy landings.
The Isle of Wight is roughly diamond-shaped and covers an area of 380 km2, nearly 150 sq.miles. Slightly more than half of the island, mainly in the west, is designated as the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The island has 258 km2 of farmland, 52 km2 of developed areas, and 57 miles of coastline. The landscape of the island is diverse, leading to its oft-quoted description of "England in Miniature". West Wight is predominantly rural, with dramatic coastlines dominated by the chalk downland ridge, running across the whole island and ending in the Needles stacks—perhaps the most photographed place on the Isle of Wight. The south western quarter is commonly referred to as the Back of the Wight because it has a unique social and historical background. The highest point on the island is St Boniface Down, at 241 metres (791 ft), which is a marilyn.
The rest of the island's landscape also has great diversity, with perhaps the most notable habitats being the soft cliffs and sea ledges, which are scenic features and important for wildlife, and are internationally protected. The River Medina flows north into the Solent, whilst the other main river, the Eastern Yar flows roughly north-east, emerging at Bembridge Harbour at the eastern end of the island. There is another river in the west of the island called the Western Yar, flowing the short distance from Freshwater Bay to a relatively large estuary at Yarmouth.
The south coast of the island borders the English Channel. Without man's intervention the sea might well have split the island into three; at the west end where a bank of pebbles separates Freshwater Bay from the marshy backwaters of the Western Yar east of Freshwater, and at the east end where a thin strip of land separates Sandown Bay from the marshy basin of the Eastern Yar, east of Sandown. Yarmouth itself was effectively an island, only connected to the rest of the island by a regularly breached neck of land immediately east of the town.
The Isle of Wight is one of the few places in England where the red squirrel is flourishing, with a stable population (Brownsea Island is another), and unlike most of England, no grey squirrels are to be found on the island. There are occasional sightings of deer at large in the wild on the island Rare and protected species such as the dormouse and many rare bats can be found. The Glanville Fritillary butterfly's distribution in the United Kingdom is largely restricted to the edges of the crumbling cliffs of the Isle of Wight.
The island has one of the most important areas in Europe for dinosaur fossils. The eroding cliffs often reveal previously hidden remains particularly along the region known as the Back of the Wight.
The Isle of Wight has a milder sub-climate than other areas of the UK, which makes it a holiday destination, particularly the resorts in the south east of the island. It also has a longer growing season. The mean temperature is 13 degrees Celsius averaged over the year, and is 18 degrees in July and August. The microclimate of places such as Lower Ventnor is influenced by their sheltered position under the cliffs. The Isle of Wight is also sunnier than parts of the UK, with 1800–2100 hours of sunshine a year. Some years have almost no snow in winter, and only a few days of hard frost.
The Isle of Wight is made up of a wide variety of different rock types ranging from early Cretaceous times (around 127 million years ago) to the middle of the Palaeogene (around 30 million years ago). The northern half of the island is mainly made up of Tertiary clays, with the southern half formed of Cretaceous rocks (the chalk that forms the central east-west downs, as well as Upper and Lower Greensands and Wealden strata).
All the rocks found on the island are sedimentary – made up of mineral grains from previously existing rocks. These are consolidated to form the rocks that can be seen on the island today, such as limestone, mudstone and sandstone. Rocks on the island are very rich in fossils and many of these can be seen exposed on the beaches as the cliffs erode. Lignitic coal is present in small quantities in seams on the cliffs and shore at Whitecliff Bay and fossilised molluscs have been found there.
Dinosaur bones and footprints can be seen in and on the rocks exposed around the island's beaches, especially at Yaverland and Compton Bay. As a result, the isle has been nicknamed Dinosaur Island.
Along the northern coast of the island there is a rich source of fossilised shellfish, crocodiles, turtles and mammal bones. The youngest of these date back to around 30 million years ago.
The geological structure is dominated by a large monocline which causes the marked change in age of strata from the northern younger Tertiary beds to the older Cretaceous beds of the south. This gives rise to a dip of almost 90 degrees in the chalk beds, seen best at the Needles.
About 10,000 years ago, the great ice sheets of the last Ice Age melted and the sea level rose. Probably about 7,000 years ago, the Isle of Wight became separated from the mainland.
In 2010 the Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight Andrew Turner at Downing Street.
The Isle of Wight is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county. Since the abolition of its two borough councils in 1995 and the restructuring of the county council as the Isle of Wight Council, it has been a unitary county.
As a constituency of the House of Commons, it is traditionally a battleground between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. The current Member of Parliament Andrew Turner is a Conservative, and his predecessor Dr Peter Brand was a Liberal Democrat.
The Isle of Wight Council election of 2013 saw the Conservative Party lose the majority which they had held since 2005 to the Island Independents. Independent councillors currently hold 20 of the 40 seats in the council.
High Street of Newport, the county town.
Newport, in the centre of the island, is the county town of the Isle of Wight and the island's main shopping area. Located next to the River Medina, Newport Quay was a busy port until the mid 19th century.
Ryde, the island's largest town with a population of around 30,000, is in the north east of the island. It is a Victorian town with the oldest seaside pier in England, pier and miles of beaches. Ryde is home to the ice hockey club Wightlink Raiders, who play in the third-tier English National Ice Hockey League.
Cowes is the location of the annual Cowes Week and an international sailing centre. It is the home of the record-setting sailor Dame Ellen MacArthur.
Ventnor, built on the steep slopes of St Boniface Down on the south coast of the island, leads down to a picturesque bay that attracts many tourists. Ventnor Haven is a small harbour built around a Victorian-style bandstand.
The accent of the Isle of Wight is similar to the traditional dialect of Hampshire, featuring the dropping of some consonants and an emphasis on longer vowels. It is similar to the West Country dialects heard in SW England, but less removed in sound[clarification needed] from the Estuary English of the SE. As with many other traditional southern English regional dialects and accents, a strong island accent is not now commonly heard, and, as speakers tend to be older, this decline is likely to continue.
The island has its own local and regional words. Some words, such as nipper/nips (a young male person), are still commonly used and are shared with neighbouring areas of the mainland. A few are unique to the island, for example overner (a mainlander who has settled on the island), caulkhead (someone born on the island and born from long-established island stock) and grockle (a tourist/visitor).Other words are more obscure and now used mainly for comic emphasis, such as mallishag (meaning "caterpillar"). Some other words are gurt meaning "large", nammit (a mid-morning snack) and gallybagger ("scarecrow").
There has been and still is some confusion between the identities of the Isle of Wight as a separate county and, as it once was, a part of the nearby county of Hampshire. At least one mainstream newspaper article as recently as 2008 refers to the "Isle of Wight in Hampshire". Prior to 1890, the Isle of Wight was normally regarded and was administered as a part of Hampshire. With the formation of the Isle of Wight County Council in 1890, the distinct identity became officially established: see also Politics of the Isle of Wight. In January 2009, the new Flag of the Isle of Wight, the first general flag for the county, was accepted by the Flag Institute. Denizens of the Isle of Wight are sometimes referred to as 'Vectensians', 'Vectians' or "caulkheads".
The Isle of Wight is well known for its cycling, with it reaching the top ten in Lonely Planet Best in Travel Guide (2010) for cycling locations. The island is also host to events such as the Isle of Wight Randonnée and the Isle of Wight Cycling Festival, which are hosted annually. There are cycling clubs such as Vectis Roads Cycling Club, which hosts mainly time trials on the island, including an annual 3 Day Time Trial Festival on a bank holiday weekend in May.
There are rowing clubs at Newport, Ryde and Shanklin.
In June 1998 a group of ladies from the Isle of Wight made history by becoming the first team of ladies to row around the island in a fixed seat Solent Galley. They completed their trip in 10 hours and twenty minutes. Their team photo is on show in Ryde Rowing Club.
Rowers from Ryde Rowing Club have rowed around the island on a number of other occasions the first being 1880. The 4s record was set 16 August 1995 at 7 hours and 57 minutes by a Ryde crew.
Two rowers from Southampton ARC (Chris Bennett and Roger Slaymaker) set the 2 man record in July 2003 at 8 hours and 34 minutes and in 2006 Gus McKechnie of Coalporters rowing club completed a clockwise row as part of a 4s crew making him the only person to have rowed around both ways.
The route around the island is some 60+ miles usually anti clockwise and involves even in good conditions a number of notable obstacles including the Needles Rocks and the overfalls at St Catherines point. Start and finish points were traditionally Ryde Rowing club however other start points have been chosen in recent years that give tidal advantages.
Cowes is a centre for sailing, playing host to several racing regattas. Cowes Week is the longest-running regular regatta in the world, with over 1,000 yachts and 8,500 competitors taking part in over 50 classes of yacht racing. In 1851 the first America's Cup race took place around the island. Other major sailing events hosted in Cowes include the Fastnet race, the Round the Island Race, the Admiral's Cup, and the Commodore's Cup.
The Isle of Wight Marathon is the United Kingdom's oldest continuously held marathon, having been run every year since 1957. Since 2013 the course has started in Cowes, passing through Gurnard, Rew Street, Porchfield, Shalfleet, Yarmouth, Afton, Willmingham, Thorley, Wellow, Shalfleet, Porchfield, and Northwood before finishing back in Cowes. It is an undulating course with a total climb of 1,043 feet.
The island was home to the Isle of Wight Islanders speedway team until 2014, who competed in the sport's third division, the National League. The club was founded in 1996, with a first-night attendance of 1,740.
The island is home to the Wightlink Raiders, an ice hockey team based at Ryde Arena. They compete in the 1st Tier of the English National Ice Hockey League, the 3rd Division in the country. There is an amateur team the Vectis Tigers of the 2nd Tier English National Ice Hockey League, and four youth teams including the Isle of Wight Wildcats, all based at Ryde Arena.
Following an amalgamation of the hockey clubs on the Isle of Wight in 2011, The Isle of Wight Hockey Club now runs two men's senior teams and two ladies' senior teams. These teams compete at a range of levels in the Hampshire open leagues. There is a junior set up who compete in competitions in the U12 and U14 age group.
The now-disbanded Ryde Sports F.C. founded in 1888 became one of the eight founder members of the Hampshire League in 1896. There are several non-league clubs such as Newport (IW) F.C. There is an Isle of Wight Saturday Football League with three divisions, and a rugby union club, plus various other sporting teams. Beach football is particularly prevalent on the island and has several of the nation's premier clubs with almost all of the England Beach Soccer team made up from players from the island. Many of the stadiums are used when the island hosts the Island Games as it has done twice.
The Isle of Wight is the 39th official county in English cricket, and the Isle of Wight Cricket Board organise an internal cricket league between various local clubs. Ventnor Cricket Club compete in the Southern Premier League, and have won the Second Division several times in recent years. There is a new County Ground near Newport, which held its first match on 6 September 2008. As of November 2010, the Isle of Wight Cricket Board have been in discussion with the Minor Counties Cricket Association and the England and Wales Cricket Board regarding proposals to enter a side in the Minor Counties tournaments. The island has recently produced some notable cricketers, such as Danny Briggs, who plays county cricket for Hampshire County Cricket Club and is a member of the England Lions. Hampshire have played a number of first-class matches on the island, at J Samuel White's Ground (originally built and owned by J. Samuel White Shipbuilders) and the Victoria Recreation Ground.
The annual Isle of Wight International Scooter Rally convenes on August Bank Holiday, having begun in 1980. This gathering is one of the biggest scooter rallies in the world, now attracting between four to seven thousand participants.
The Isle of Wight is home to the Isle of Wight Festival and Bestival. In 1970, with Jimi Hendrix headlining, the festival attracted an audience of 700,000, despite the island itself having a population of roughly 100,000. The Isle of Wight is the home of the band The Bees. They perform at smaller concerts on the island. The band Trixie's Big Red Motorbike as well as three of the founding members of Level 42 (Mark King, Boon Gould and Phil Gould) came from the Isle of Wight. The Isle of Wight has hosted a one-day festival called 'Summer Madness'. It started in 2009 when Madness headlined it; in 2010 Paul Weller headlined. In January 2011 it was reported that the promoter of Summer Madness was insolvent. The Isle Of Wight is also home to 'Platform One: College Of Music', which offers a national BTEC diploma level 2 & level 3 in music and they're currently the only educational institute to offer a BA hons degree course (Commercial Music), as part of The University of Chichester.
This is a table of the trend in regional gross value added by the Isle of Wight economy at current basic prices by the Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of pounds.
The largest industry on the Isle of Wight is tourism, but the island has a strong agricultural heritage, including sheep and dairy farming and the growing of arable crops. Traditional agricultural commodities are more difficult to market off the island because of transport costs, but island farmers have managed successfully to exploit some specialist markets. The high price of these products overcomes the transport costs. One of the most successful agricultural sectors at present is the growing of crops under cover, particularly salad crops, including tomatoes and cucumbers. The Isle of Wight has a longer growing season than much of the United Kingdom and this favours such crops. Garlic has been successfully grown in Newchurch for many years, and is even exported to France. This has led to the establishment of an annual Garlic Festival at Newchurch, which is one of the largest events of the island's annual calendar. The favourable climate has led to the success of vineyards, including one of the oldest in the British Isles, at Adgestone near Sandown. Lavender is grown for its oil. The largest sector of agriculture has been dairying, but due to low milk prices, and strict UK legislation for UK milk producers, the dairy industry has declined. There were nearly one-hundred and fifty dairy producers of various sizes in the mid-eighties, but this has now dwindled down to just twenty-four. Due to modern farming practices, the island has noted increased levels of pesticide poisoning in local farmers and other local residents living near crops and vineyards.
The making of sailcloth, boats and other connected maritime industry has long been associated with the island, although this has somewhat diminished in recent years. Cowes is still home to various small marine-related companies such as boat-builders.
Although they have reduced the extent of the plants and workforce, including the sale of the main site, GKN operates what was once the British Hovercraft Corporation a subsidiary of, and known latterly, when manufacturing focus changed, as Westland Aircraft. Prior to its purchase by Westland, it was the independent company known as Saunders-Roe. It remains one of the most notable historic firms, having produced many of the flying boats, and the world's first hovercraft.
The island's major manufacturing activity today is in composite materials, used by boat-builders and the wind turbine manufacturer Vestas, which has a wind turbine blade factory and testing facilities in Newport and East Cowes.
Bembridge Airfield is the home of Britten-Norman, manufacturers of the Islander and Trislander aircraft. This is shortly to become the site of the European assembly line for Cirrus light aircraft. The Norman Aeroplane Company is a smaller aircraft manufacturing company operating in Sandown. There are have been three other aircraft manufacturers that built planes on the island.
In 2005, Northern Petroleum began exploratory drilling for oil, with its Sandhills-2 borehole at Porchfield but ceased operations in October that year, after failing to find significant reserves.
There are three breweries on the island. Goddards Brewery in Ryde opened in 1993. David Yates, who was head brewer of the Island Brewery, started brewing as Yates Brewery at the Inn at St Lawrence in 2000. The Island Brewery, located in Shalfleet, was formed in 2010 by Tom Minshull to complement the existing family run drinks wholesale business.
Ventnor Brewery, which closed in 2009, was the last incarnation of Burt's Brewery, which had been brewing on the island since the 1840s in Ventnor. Until the 1960s most pubs were owned by Mews Brewery sited in Newport near the old railway station, but it closed and the pubs taken over by Strong's and then by Whitbread. By some accounts Mews beer was apt to be rather cloudy and dark. They pioneered the use of cans in the 19th century for export to British India. The old brewery was derelict for many years but was then severely damaged in a spectacular fire.
At the turn of the 19th century the island had ten pleasure piers including two at Ryde and a "chain pier" at Seaview. The Victoria Pier in Cowes succeeded the earlier Royal Pier but was itself removed in 1960. The piers at Ryde, Seaview, Sandown, Shanklin and Ventnor originally served a coastal steamer service that operated from Southsea on the mainland. The piers at Seaview, Shanklin, Ventnor and Alum Bay were all destroyed by storms during the last century. Today only the railway pier at Ryde and the piers at Sandown, Totland Bay (currently closed to the public) and Yarmouth survive. Blackgang Chine is arguably the oldest theme park in the UK, and one of the oldest in the world.
As well as more traditional tourist attractions, the island is often host to walking holidays or cycling holidays through the attractive scenery. Almost every town and village on the island plays host to hotels, hostels and camping sites. Out of the peak summer season, the island is still an important destination for coach tours from other parts of the United Kingdom and an annual walking festival has attracted considerable interest. The 67 miles (108 km) Isle of Wight Coastal Path follows the coastline as far as possible, deviating onto roads where the route is impassable closer to the sea.
A Southern Vectis bus at Newport Bus Station.
The Isle of Wight has a total of 489 miles (787 km) of roadway. Major roads run between the main island towns, with smaller roads connecting villages. It is one of the few counties in the UK not to have a motorway, although there is a dual carriageway from Coppins Bridge in Newport towards the north of Newport near the island's hospital and prison.
A comprehensive bus network operated by Southern Vectis links most island settlements, with Newport as the central hub.
The island's location 5 miles (8 km) off the mainland means that longer-distance transport involves a ferry journey. Car ferry and passenger services are run between the island and the mainland by Wightlink and Red Funnel as well as a hovercraft operated by Hovertravel. The question of a fixed link to the mainland — either a bridge or a tunnel — has been discussed regularly over many years, but no proposal has so far come to fruition.
The Island formerly had its own railway network of over 55 miles, but only one line remains in regular use. The Island Line is part of the United Kingdom's National Rail network, running a little under 9 miles (14 km) from Ryde to Shanklin. The line was opened by the Isle of Wight Railway in 1864, and from 1996 to 2007 was run by the smallest train operating company on the network, Island Line Trains. It is notable for utilising ex-London Underground rolling stock. Branching off the Island Line at Smallbrook Junction is the heritage Isle of Wight Steam Railway, which runs for 5½ miles (8.9 km) to the outskirts of Wootton.
There are currently two airfields for general aviation, Isle of Wight Airport at Sandown and Bembridge Airport.
All the island telephone exchanges are broadband-enabled, although some areas, such as Arreton, have no broadband access. Some urban areas such as Cowes and Newport are also covered by cable lines.
The Isle of Wight's main local newspaper the Isle of Wight County Press, is published most Fridays.
Local, Commercial, Vectis Radio covers the Isle of Wight across the world as the islands online Radio Station; since 2010 Broadcasting from The Riverside Centre Newport.
The island has one local commercial radio station and also falls within the coverage area of a number of local stations on the near mainland. Isle of Wight Radio has broadcast in the medium-wave band since 1990 and on 107.0 MHz (with three smaller transmitters on 102.0 MHz) FM since 1998, as well as streaming on the Internet.
The island's not-for-profit community radio station opened in 2007, Angel Radio began broadcasting on 91.5 MHz from studios in Cowes from a transmitter near Newport. On 1 February 2009, Wight FM began broadcasting as an Internet radio station. It closed down six months later.
Online news sources for the Isle of Wight include On the Wight and The Isle of Wight Chronicle. The Chronicle was originally a best selling island paper in the 1950s.
The island has an online 24/7 breaking news source in the form of the Island Echo, which was founded in May 2012.
Important broadcasting facilities on Isle of Wight are Chillerton Down transmitting station, whose mast is the tallest structure on Isle of Wight and Rowridge transmitting station.
The geography of the island, and its location near the densely populated south of England, led to it hosting three prisons: Albany, Camp Hill and Parkhurst, all located outside Newport near the main road to Cowes. Albany and Parkhurst were among the few Category A prisons in the UK until they were downgraded in the 1990s. The downgrading of Parkhurst was precipitated by a major escape: three prisoners (two murderers and a blackmailer) made their way out of the prison on 3 January 1995 for four days of freedom before being recaptured. Parkhurst especially enjoyed notoriety as one of the toughest jails in the United Kingdom and housed many notable inmates, including the Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe, New Zealand drug lord Terry Clark and the Kray twins.
Camp Hill is located to the west of, and adjacent to, Albany and Parkhurst, on the very edge of Parkhurst Forest, having been converted first to a borstal and later to a Category C prison. It was built on the site of an army camp (both Albany and Parkhurst were barracks); there is a small estate of tree-lined roads with onetime officers' quarters (now privately owned) to the south and east. Camp Hill closed as a prison in March 2013.
The management of all three prisons was merged into a single administration, under the name of HMP Isle of Wight in April 2009.
There are sixty-nine Local Education Authority-maintained schools on the Isle of Wight, and two independent schools. As a rural community, many of these schools are small, with average numbers of pupils lower than in many urban areas. There are currently primary schools, middle schools and high schools. However, education reforms have led to plans for closures (for full details on these see Education reforms on the Isle of Wight). The Isle of Wight College, is located on the outskirts of Newport.
From September 2010, there was a transition period from the "3-tier system" of primary, middle and high schools. Some schools have now closed their doors, such as Chale C.E. Primary School. Other schools have become "federated", such as Brading C.E. Primary School and St Helen's Primary School. Christ the King College started as a "middle school" but has now been converted into a secondary school and sixth form.
As of September 2011, there are 5 new secondary schools with an age range of 11 to 18 years which have replaced the island's High Schools (as a part of the previous 3-tier system).
Julia Margaret Cameron, a Victorian portrait and creative photographer, lived at Dimbola Lodge, which is now a museum dedicated to her work.
Mark Fox, businessman and journalist.
Cardell 'Scum' Goodman, late 17th century actor, murderer, highwayman and Jacobite conspirator, was the son of Robert Hooke's father's predecessor as vicar of Freshwater.
Bear Grylls, survival expert, motivational speaker and Chief Scout.
Thomas Harrison, Regicide of Charles I and Fifth Monarchist leader was imprisoned at Carisbrooke Castle by Cromwell as were other Fifth Monarchy Men, John Rogers and Christopher Feake.
Geoffrey Hughes, English actor was its Deputy Lieutenant.
Mark King, lead singer and bassist for '80s/'90s pop-funk band Level 42.
Ellen MacArthur, solo and long-distance yachtswoman.
Guglielmo Marconi, inventor and Nobel Prize winner, lived in Marconi Cottage at St. Catherine's Lighthouse in late 1890. He transmitted the first wireless message across open water from Alum Bay in Totland in 1897.
John Milne, geologist and mining engineer, credited with inventing the horizontal pendulum seismograph.
Miss Harriett Parr, Victorian novelist, lived at Whitwell House in Shanklin.
Henry Sewell, first Prime Minister of New Zealand.
Algernon Charles Swinburne, Victorian poet, spent his boyhood at his parents' home East Dene, in Bonchurch.
Alfred Tennyson, who was Poet Laureate to Queen Victoria, lived at Freshwater and became Baron Tennyson of Aldworth in the County of Sussex and of Freshwater in the Isle of Wight.
Alan Titchmarsh, a British gardener, was High Sheriff of the Isle of Wight in 2008-09.
Medina Theatre, home to the island's entertainment including music and performances.
The Isle of Wight has given its names to many parts of former colonies, most notably Isle of Wight County in Virginia founded by settlers from the island in the 17th century. Its county seat is a town named Isle of Wight.
The Northumbrian scholar, Bede, recorded the arrival of Christianity on the Isle of Wight in the year 686, when the population was massacred and replaced by Christians.
The Beatles' song "When I'm Sixty-Four", credited to Lennon-McCartney and sung entirely by Paul McCartney, refers to renting a cottage on the Isle of Wight.
The Isle of Wight is called The Island in some editions of Thomas Hardy's novels in his fictional Wessex.
There is a running joke in radio sitcom The Navy Lark involving Sub-Lieutenant Phillips's inability to navigate and subsequently tail "the Isle of Wight ferry".
The Isle of Wight is the setting of Julian Barnes's novel England, England.
The island features in John Wyndham's novel The Day of the Triffids and Simon Clark's sequel to it, The Night of the Triffids.
Bob Dylan recorded the songs "Like a Rolling Stone", "Quinn the Eskimo (The Mighty Quinn)", "Minstrel Boy", and "She Belongs to Me" for the album Self Portrait live on the Isle of Wight.
The 1980 dramatisation of Dennis Potter's work Blade on the Feather was filmed on the island.
The Isle of Wight is the setting in D.H. Lawrence's book The Trespasser, filmed for television in 1981 on location.
In the 1966 novel Colossus, the entire island is selected for the development of a new base by the supercomputer, Colossus.
The Isle of Wight is the setting of Graham Masterton's book Prey.
Mrs. Brown - 1997 - with Dame Judi Dench and Billy Connolly was filmed at Osborne and Chale.
The 1973 British film That'll Be the Day starring David Essex and Ringo Starr included scenes shot in Ryde (notably Cross Street), Sandown (school), Shanklin (beach) and Wootton Bridge (fairground).
Something to Hide - 1972 - (US title Shattered) starring Peter Finch was filmed near Cowes. There is a scene on the Red Funnel ferry.
Karl Marx visited the Isle of Wight on numerous occasions while he was writing the Communist Manifesto.
The Commodore 64 game 'Spirit of the Stones' by John Worsley was set on the Isle of Wight.
In S.M. Stirling's novel The Protector's War, in which all high energy technology ceased to function, the Isle of Wight became the refuge of the British monarchy and government. After the holocaust that followed, the island was the base for re-population of England and the European mainland whose populations had perished except for cannibals and savages.
It was mentioned in the first Harry Potter book where it refers to Uncle Vernon's sister Marge, who was on holiday on the island and got sick after eating a funny whelk.
Wight, one of the sea areas of the British Shipping Forecast, named after the island.
↑ As well as the former Princess Beatrice during World War II, most otherwise notable was Lord Mountbatten 1969-1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
↑ In 1832 the Act popularly referred to as the Great Reform Act or Reform Act of 1832 established a single MP for the Isle of Wight rather than six until that date, including four for the two rotten boroughs which made it per capita more over-represented than Cornwall which had at least five rotten boroughs.
This page was last modified on 7 January 2016, at 03:17.
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0.95093 |
At which point do I stop uploading traces for some region/route? For example, I could upload two GPS traces every day for trip to work, but those roads already have lots and lots of the traces. From the mapping perspective, there is no additional benefit from new traces, unless road configuration changes.
On the other hand, there might be some uses of huge trace database, for example, average travel speed calculations.
So at which point do I stop uploading traces for some roads?
Upload as much as you can. Even though there may already be lots of traces for a single road, the traces may be put to new uses in the future, exactly as you suggest.
The only caveat is that if you always start or end from a significant place such as your home or place of work it would be possible for someone else to identify these places.
About new uses in the future: You also have to remember that some people might edit their traces, so you never know whether e.g. speeds are real.
Most (almost all?) of the edits are to trim off the ends to hide the start and/or the end of the journey, so the remaining detail remains intact.
I don't know about that, Chris. I edit traces and move all trackpoints to be one second apart in 1970. Which would really stuff up the speed calculations!
I recommend not to upload traces you know that are erroneous. For example you know a place where due to reflections the GPS track is always off. Also areas where the GPS receiver was not moved and is recording random GPS-clouds should IMHO not be uploaded for not hiding actual GPS tracks.
I don't feel we have the absolute need to have a hundred traces covering the same road. But a few more than a single one make it a lot easier to be confident about the actual geometry of highways. Especially those areas that don't have high resolution aerial imagery available can benefit from different tracks for the same highway.
More GPS traces help to minimize the GPS error. However when averaging traces be sure to check the final result from some other source (i.e. aerial imagery, place survey). Fix the road location is important thing to do, but there probably are more applications, like measuring average speed on the road (as you said).
However I find a slim line between "the right amount of tracks" and "area overcrowded with tracks". For example there is a 5 km straight city road with more than 400 lines of tracks on it. I doubt someone would need that amount of tracks, but who knows... Even for other purposes like finding the traffic lights and bus stops (where speed of the moving vehicle is 0 or near), maybe a better option will be to survey the place and find these locations by hand or with other measure.
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0.999489 |
Is a Reverse Stock Split Good or Bad?
A reverse split usually occurs when the stock price is low.
Stock splits can be of the usual variety or they can be reverse splits. In either case, the number of outstanding shares as well as the price of each share will dramatically change. Reverse splits can also have other ramifications for the long-term viability of the issuing firm.
A regular stock split occurs when the shares in circulation are replaced be a larger number of new shares. In a typical two for one split, for example, 1 million old shares of the firm would be replaced by 2 million new ones. The ratio of new shares to old ones is referred to as the split ratio. In our example, that ratio is two.
In a reverse split, the number of shares declines. A two to one reverse split would take the previous share count of 1 million down to half a million, for example. Whether the split is of the conventional variety or a reverse one, there is no effect on the profits or the cash position of the firm. However, a reverse split can still be good, because it can provide other indirect benefits to a struggling firm.
In a regular stock split, the share price goes down. In a reverse split, however, the share price will go up. Here is why: the firm's profits, asset base or cash position do not change in any kind of split, but the number of shares, which represent slices in a pie, do. If a firm whose market value was around $1 million has 1 million shares outstanding, you can expect each share to trade at around $1. After all, if you own one share you are owning one out of 10 million slices, where the whole pie is worth $10 million. When a 10 to one split reduces the share count to 100,000 each share would be worth about $10. Again, the pie is the same as before, but the size of a slice has grown 10 times. It is this increase in share price that is good for the firm.
Most stock exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange require share prices to be above a minimum. Shares whose prices fall excessively can be removed from the exchange. Since a reverse split will boost the stock price, it can help a firm stay in an exchange. Firms whose stocks have dropped far enough to face such a danger will likely have gone through tough times, of course. A reverse split does not address the underlying financial issues but avoids the additional problem of the firm's stock being removed from the exchange. Such a removal will usually reduce the stock price even more, making it hard for the firm to raise cash by selling shares.
A reverse split also helps the issuing firm overcome the stigma that comes with a low share price. If the share prices of all competing firms range between $15 and $20 and only one stock in the peer group is trading at $2, this wide gap might make investors nervous. The reverse split will not remedy the true problems. But, at the least, it can prevent the firm sticking out like a sore thumb among peers.
Certain institutional investors, such as mutual funds, are prohibited from investing in stocks that trade below a minimum price. A reverse split may help put the stock on the radar of such investors and is therefore a good thing.
MSN Money: Are Reverse Splits a Good Thing?
What Happens to the Value of the Issued Stock When Common Stock Is Redeemed & Canceled?
What Is the Floating of Shares?
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