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Yesterday was supposed to be "Whats inside your Fridge" and today is "Whats your earliest memory" but since we spent yesterday in tears and in the car on the way home and today has been spent getting food shopping throwing up, I've decided to make the last 2 days into 1 and write my own prompt.
It started off with an over night stay in Wales with a family friend and ended with a week at my mums.
The first night in Wales was a really peaceful one. We arrived at night and after a tour of the house and a wee cuppa tea we went out to see the Horse. It was an equestrian themed day for Agent M as before we left Scotland he went on a school trip and got to feed a horse. Upon seeing S's horse he decided he was desperate to try riding next. S's horse was a little too wild though so we agreed i would get him a lesson at some point during the Summer holidays.
The next day we set off for Bristol and although the 3h journey took us 6h due to traffic and road works, we were still excited to reach Agent D's mum's. It was nice to see her and Si again. We met for the first time last summer and they were just as excited as us for our stay.
The next day we went for a Picnic at Ashton court which was nice but a little bitter sweet as it was the first time seeing Nan Pat since she was diagnosed with cancer. It was really upsetting at first as she had shrunk so much since we last saw her. Agent D and i struggled to keep it together and it was rough with Agent M as he didn't really understand that she was terminally ill. *I think 8 is too young to know about the ins and outs of dying from cancer but we did have to explain that Nan isn't going to get better after some tough questions from him*.
We had alot of things planned to do during our stay in Bristol but thanks to the trapped nerve and pulled muscle in my arm we couldn't do most of it. *Hard to bowl when you cant lift the ball and hard to enjoy a day at the science centre or aquarium when the pain killers your on make you feel dizzy*. We did however get a day out at Bristol Zoo with Agent D's Mum which was really nice and we spent a couple of days with Nan too cause it could possibly be the last time Agent M and i see her.
The week went by pretty fast and then it was time to go across to Spalding to see my mum. While we were there we went out for Agent D's Birthday to Ribs N Bibs.
Because my mum stays kind out of the way, we didn't go out on many day trips (plus we were on a budget) but we did go out for dinner a few nights. It was really funny when we went to the Chinese restaurant as Agent M got really adventurous and tried some new foods like Duck and Squid. My adventurous streak only let me try Lemon Roulade (though i have tried Duck before and i tried Calamari a few nights later).
We'll need to see if there are any riding schools close to us here in Scotland.
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0.931686 |
Read how a Dementia Friend helped to inspire a major partnership that has raised nearly £400,000.
Celesio UK, the parent company of LloydsPharmacy, announced our partnership with them back in the summer of 2015.
The story begins earlier however, with employee Anna White's commitment to Dementia Friends, the movement to change perceptions about dementia.
Anna came across Dementia Friends a few years back while working in a previous role at Celesio UK.
'I was looking for services and conditions that we could support, so I went to a local Dementia Friends information session - it was massively eye-opening,' she says.
'A simple thing, like being more patient with a person - you don't need a medical degree for that,' says Anna.
Kathy’s father-in-law and brother developed Alzheimer’s disease. She’s doing Memory Walk to raise awareness and essential funds for Alzheimer’s Society.
Anna also saw how small actions could make a big difference to someone's life.
Anna trained to become a Dementia Friends Champion and went on to deliver information sessions for colleagues, signing up a large number of Dementia Friends among them.
'People were so receptive to the sessions,' she says.
'The managing director at the time heard about it and invited me to deliver one to the board of directors, which was terrifying! But he was so supportive and enthusiastic - it was great.
The company's charity partnership with Alzheimer's Society has meant that, as well as creating 18,000 Dementia Friends, staff have helped raised over £390,000 to fight dementia. This included the company donating 1% of its Black Friday sales in 2016.
'Everyone loves it and is really involved. People can see the benefits and value,' says Anna.
LloydsPharmacy will continue fundraising for the Society to support research into the relationship between a person's speech patterns and dementia.
It is also looking to create dementia-friendly pharmacies, including providing training for staff in how best to support customers affected by dementia.
'People may be struggling with things that those working in our pharmacies can help with,' says Anna.
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0.950658 |
An bhfuil urtacáire i measc mná torracha?
Is galar de chineál ailléirgeach é Urticaria, a bhfuil tréithe na n-airíonna dermatological tréithrithe air. Fuair sé a ainm mar gheall go bhfuil an gríos a bhí ar an gcorp i gcuma cosúil le sruthán neantóige.
De réir staitisticí, tarlaíonn urtacáire uair amháin ar a laghad i ngach saol i ngach cúigiú duine agus meastar é a bheith ar cheann de na galair is ilghnéithí den chineál imdhíonachta.
Ag brath ar an gcritéar, tá roinnt aicmithe ar an ngalar seo.
Go traidisiúnta, déanann dochtúirí idirdhealú idir an ghéarfhoirm - tarlaíonn na hairíonna den chéad uair agus ní mhaireann siad níos mó ná 6 seachtaine - agus ainsealach, ina bhfuil na hairíonna ailléirgeacha agus an loghadh tréimhsiúil. Ionas gur féidir leis na speisialtóirí urtacáire ainsealach a dhiagnóisiú, ba chóir go dtarlódh géaraithe níos mó ná 6 seachtaine tar éis an chéad cháis.
Is é is brí le vasculitis urticarial ná athlasadh ballaí na soithí beaga agus na ribeadáin, rud a léirítear trí fhoirmiú blisters sainiúil. I gcodarsnacht leis an urtacáire clasaiceach, bíonn siad ar feadh i bhfad - suas le roinnt laethanta.
Urtacáire ailléirgeach - tarlaíonn sé go hiondúil mar fhreagairt imdhíonachta ar bhianna, ar chógais, ar chosmaidí nó ar ábhair shintéiseacha (mar shampla, laitéis). Is iondúil go mbíonn oidhreacht ailléirgeach nár éirigh go maith le hothair leis an gcineál seo urtacáire agus níos mó ná heachtra hipiríogaireachta amháin sa stair. De ghnáth, bíonn tástálacha ailléirge i gcásanna den sórt sin dearfach agus bíonn éifeacht theiripeach mhaith ag bearta díothaithe clasaiceach.
Is paiteolaíocht sách annamh é urtacáire comhlántach. D'fhéadfadh sé a bheith oidhreachtúil nó a fháil. Is minic a bhaineann an dara ceann le hailse áirithe.
Urtacóim autoimmune - sreabhann sé tríd an meicníocht idiopathic agus tá airíonna tréscaoilteacha agus dyspeptic air. Is minic a bhaineann sé le galair an fhaireog thyroid de chineál autoimmune, a d'fhéadfadh a bheith oidhreachtúil. Is iad tréithe tástálacha dearfacha ailléirge agus láithreacht imdhíonachta cuí san fhuil.
Meicniúil - léirithe mar gheall ar éifeacht dhíreach ar chraiceann fachtóir greannach.
Creathadh - d’fhéadfadh sé a bheith oidhreachtúil agus faighte, agus tá sé mar thoradh ar dhí-chomhdhlúthú cealla crann. Dealraíonn sé roinnt uaireanta an chloig tar éis a bheith nochta do chreathadh agus iarsmaí ar an gcraiceann i rith an lae.
Déimeagrafach - tar éis gníomh meicniúil ar an gcraiceann. Ar an gcéad dul síos, gearrann an t-othar gearán go bhfuil sé ag itea, agus ansin tarlaíonn éidéime láithreach ag an bpointe teagmhála.
Teas - tar éis nochtadh fada do theas ar an gcraiceann. Is iondúil go mbíonn na héifeachtaí le feiceáil tar éis 4-5 uair an chloig. Go minic, bíonn malaise ginearálta, masmas, tinneas cinn agus meadhrán bainteach le hairíonna craicinn.
Urtacáire fuar - a léiríonn go tapa é, beagnach 15-20 nóiméad tar éis dó teacht faoi lé teochtaí ísle. Tréithrithe ag forbairt gríos, deargadh agus itching. Tar éis téamh téann an t-othar go tapa. Is minic a tharlaíonn sé a bhaineann le galair víreasacha, agus tá a dhéine ag brath go mór ar dhíolúine an othair.
Is cineál ailléirge sách annamh é Aqua, a tharlaíonn mar imoibriú le huisce. Go deimhin, is mianraí iad antaiginí atá tuaslagtha in uisce reatha. Is iondúil go bhfilleann an t-imoibriú a thagann as go héasca i bhfoirm boilgeoga beaga agus nach bhfuil sé contúirteach do shaol an othair.
Teagmháil - is casta é d'imoibrithe a tharlaíonn le linn teagmháil dhíreach thadhlach leis an ailléirgin.
Urtacáire Adrenergic - tarlaíonn sé faoi thionchar struis agus adrenaline a scaoiltear le linn é. Is é an príomhthréith atá ann ná cuma na bpúcaí faoi leith, ach tá sé an-annamh.
Hoergegic - is imoibriú é freisin maidir le neurotransmitter a scaoileadh. Tá an chuma air go bhfuil blisters bándearg ann ar dhromchla iomlán an choirp. Is féidir go dtarlóidh sé tar éis tromchúiseach fisiciúil, strus nó folcadh te. Ag an am céanna leis an gríos, déanann othair gearán faoi ghearr anála, deacrachtaí análaithe agus laige ghinearálta.
Is frithghníomh ailléirgeach craicinn é urtacáire idiopathic a tharlaíonn faoi thionchar cúiseanna anaithnid.
Is é príomhghné an ghalair cuma blisters, ar féidir leis a bheith éagsúil ó thaobh méide de, agus is gnách go dtiocfaidh siad le chéile, ag clúdach gach cuid mhór den chorp (féach an grianghraf). Ó thaobh amhairc de, is féidir le gríos a bheith le feiceáil i gceann cúpla nóiméad. Go minic, bíonn angioedema agus comharthaí eile atá bagrach ag gabháil le forbairt thapa urtacáire i measc daoine fásta. Tá sé thar a bheith contúirteach do shaol an othair má shíneann an at go seicní múcasacha na n-orgán, rud a fhágann go mbíonn análú deacair, agus a spreagann sos dian agus fiú urlacan.
Is minic go mbíonn itching dofhulaingthe ag gabháil le hairíonna deirmeolaíochta.
Tá siomtaiméimeolaíocht gach cineál aonair urtacáire an-sonrach, ach i gcásanna áirithe is deacair diagnóis chruinn a fhágáil. Éilíonn sé seo modhanna sonracha diagnóiseacha.
Cabhraíonn anailísí cliniciúla ginearálta ar fhual agus ar fhuil le cé chomh dáiríre agus a théann an t-imoibriú imdhíoneolaíoch.
Léiríonn anailís bithcheimiceach ar fhuil an dóigh a bhfuil orgáin agus córais eile páirteach sa phróiseas freagartha imdhíonachta.
Sainmhíniú ar imdhíonachta ar leith chun ailléirginí a chlóscríobh nó go díreach leo siúd a raibh an t-othar i dteagmháil leo. Chomh maith leis sin, socraítear é de réir an innéacs imdhíonachta iomlán.
Tástálacha ailléirge craicinn do ghrúpa ailléirginí.
Revmaproby chun stádas imdhíonachta foriomlán an choirp a chinneadh.
Anailís ar feces do dysbiosis agus láithreacht seadáin.
Síolú inscortha ón scornach agus ón srón.
Ultrafhuaim d'orgáin éagsúla - go minic an fhaireog thyroid agus na hailt.
Tástálacha fola le haghaidh ionfhabhtuithe.
Tosaíonn cóireáil urtacáire, chomh maith le haon ghalar ailléirgeach, leis an teagmháil is iomláine leis an ailléirgin. Chuige sin, ní amháin go gcaithfear teagmháil fhisiciúil a dhíchur, ach freisin bearta áirithe a dhéanamh atá dírithe ar dhíothú antaigin ón gcorp. I measc na ngníomhaíochtaí sin tá an srón agus an boilg a ní, an cith fionnuar, an t-insliú isteach sna súile le salanda, agus mar sin de.
I gcás ailléirge bia, ní mór don othar cloí le haiste bia speisialta, rud a fhágann nach n-áirítear táirge ailléirgin a ionghabháil, ach freisin grúpa iomlán substaintí a spreagann forbairt tras-fhrithghníomhartha.
Le haghaidh cóireáil dhíreach urtacáire, úsáidtear modh teiripe ASIT, arb é atá ann ná “an corp” a oiliúint don ailléirgin. De réir a chéile, tugtar méideanna beaga den druga don othar, ina bhfuil an ailléirgin atá ag teastáil. Le himeacht ama, stopann an t-orgánach é ag gníomhú dó mar ghníomhaire eachtrach agus, dá réir sin, laghdaíonn déine na n-imoibriúcháin imdhíoneolaíocha, ag éirí as a chéile de réir a chéile. Moltar cóireáil den sórt sin a thosú roinnt ama sula dtéann tú i dteagmháil leis an ailléirgin, mar shampla, dhá mhí roimh fhás na bplandaí i gcás go mbaineann an t-urtacáire le pailin.
Frith-aimíteas, a bhfuil éifeacht sedative acu araon - nuair is gá faoiseamh a thabhairt don itch agus an t-othar a mhaolú - agus an ghlúin nua nach gcuireann isteach ar lárchóras na néaróg.
Ionfhabhtuithe imdhíonachta a laghdaíonn déine fhreagra imdhíonachta an choirp.
Glukokortikoida - drugaí frith-athlastacha hormónacha, a fhanann, in ainneoin an líon mór contraindations, is éifeachtaí chun comharthaí ailléirgí a chomhrac, go háirithe urtacáire.
Go minic i gcóireáil urticaria úsáidtear plasmapheresis chun fuil antaiginí agus antasubstaintí a chuirtear orthu a ghlanadh.
Úsáid bianna áirithe a theorannú. Is féidir go bhforbróidh frithghníomhartha tras-ailléirgeacha, ina bhfuil grúpaí iomlána i gceist, ar nós gránach, bia mara, caora agus eile.
Déileáil go pras le horgáin na conaire gastraistéigeach. Méadaíonn paiteolaíochtaí sa chóras díleá, go háirithe iad siúd a bhaineann leis an briseán nó leis an ae, an baol go bhforbrófar urtacáire nó imoibriú ailléirgeach eile. Tá sé tábhachtach freisin monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar obair rialta an stéig, rud a chuireann cosc ar fhorbairt fhadtréimhseach nó scíthe ar an gcathaoir ar feadh i bhfad.
Srianta réasúnta ar chógais, go háirithe antaibheathaigh.
Is gá róthéamh an choirp a sheachaint agus, ar a mhalairt, ró-ró-mhaolú. Moltar bearta a dhéanamh chun cruachan a dhéanamh, más rud é, sa stair, lena n-áirítear stair an teaghlaigh, go bhfuil cásanna ann maidir le forbairt urtacáire fuar.
Galair inchríneacha a bhrath agus a chóireáil go luath.
Dearcadh réasúnach maidir le grianghortha, ag caitheamh hata agus ag ithe suimeanna móra leachta sa séasúr te.
Moltar freisin strus agus stáit atá ró-mhothúchánach a sheachaint. Is fiú dul i gcomhairle le speisialtóir más gá.
Le linn toirchis, méadaítear an dóchúlacht go dtarlódh urtacáire, go háirithe má bhí togracht oidhreachtúil ag an máthair a bhí ag súil leis nó gur taifeadadh frithghníomhartha ailléirgeacha i stair. Ní dhéanann Urticaria dochar don leanbh sa bhroinn, ach bíonn míchaoithiúlacht ag baint le torracha.
Is minic a fhorbraíonn urtacáire mar fhreagra ar bhia, ar chosmaidí nó ar cheimiceáin tí. Mar gheall ar leibhéil estrogen ardaithe, tá frithghníomhartha ailléirgeacha níos ionsaithí, mar sin ní mór bean a ullmhú le haghaidh seo. Ní mholtar aon mhíochainí a ghlacadh gan dul i gcomhairle le dochtúir, ós rud é go bhfuil gach duine acu beagnach contraindicated le linn toirchis.
Molann saineolaithe nach gcruthófar ach táirgí cruthaithe a bhaineann leis an ngrúpa hypoallergenic, chomh maith le teagmháil a laghdú le cosmaidí greamaitheacha agus ceimiceáin tí.
I gcás forbartha neamhfhabhraí imthosca, is féidir leis an urtacáire forbairt ó fhoirmiú eipeasóideach go foirm ainsealach agus tá sé sách deacair é a thabhairt suas go dtí an seachadadh.
Uaireanta ní dhéantar imoibrithe ailléirgeacha a dhianú ach amháin tar éis iad a sheachadadh, agus tá fadhb ag an máthair le urtacáire cheana féin le linn beathú cíche. Ní mór a mheabhrú go dtéann beagnach gach druga frith-ailléirge ar a dtugtar isteach i mbainne cíche, agus mar sin tá sé riachtanach beathú cíche a dhiúltú le linn teiripe drugaí. Moltar freisin an leanbh a chaitheamh ar feadh tamaill i gcás na n-airíonna troma i gcás urtacáire. Le linn lachta, tagann bearta coisctheacha agus comhlíonadh leis an aiste bia, chomh maith le teagmháil le substaintí tocsaineacha agus ailléirginí féideartha a sheachaint.
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0.976685 |
Supply power to PoE devices on demand. The SRPM12 Power over Ethernet (PoE) midspan is ideal for adding PoE functionality to an existing network. Many network devices such as wireless access points and IP telephones support using PoE to power the device instead of connecting it to a power outlet. The benefits of using PoE include cost savings from not requiring new power outlets to be installed in remote locations, easier portability of devices, more freedom of where to place devices, and providing a central source for supplying power backup. The SRPM12 is designed to be scalable, so only PoE powered devices need to be connected to the unit and non-PoE devices can connect directly to a switch. For ease of management, the SRPM12 supports both SNMP and a web-based interface to monitor and manage the device.
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0.99564 |
"When does a language die?" This question leads to the central, overarching theme explored in the novel. The protagonist is a naive twenty-something who runs a boutique advertising agency in the bustling heart of Cape Town. As a published author he has a passion for Afrikaans literature but he knows that due to the socio-economic climate of the current postapartheid South Africa, making a career out of his passion, is futile. It is this reality that is investigated in the text, posing a secondary question: Can a passionate, gifted individual follow his or her artistic ambitions in South Africa's current socio-economic environment? The story unfolds with a car crash that leaves the protagonist paralyzed and dying in the middle of nowhere. With this scene, the protagonist becomes a metaphor for the Afrikaans language - a language paralyzed by its historical baggage, dying in the middle of nowhere (the southern tip of Africa). The protagonist also represents the passionate, young artists and writers who naively dream of achieving artistic success and saving the language. A young girl stumbles upon the lead character in this deserted landscape (almost as one would stumble upon a new piece of literature). The girl's father is "out of town", and therefore can't help. So, she tries to save him herself, giving him nourishment and accompaniment. The missing father figure, or more specifically, the missing leader figure, is also fundamental to the theme. It intensifies the concept that the burden is upon the younger generation to save themselves, their language and their culture. The plot of the novel drives this theme. The protagonist is given the chance to save himself, his family and his language - everything he holds dear - by an opportunity created by a business tycoon. This character is depicted as the quintessential leader figure. He has the desire to create a long-lasting legacy by saving the language and he has the financial means to see it through. He briefs the protagonist as well as other agencies to conceptualize a marketing campaign that will ensure the survival of the Afrikaans language for generations to come. In the final chapter, the protagonist dies, not being able to save himself, his family, or his language. The young girl that discovered him, now buries him with his notebook (which is filled with his literary writings sporadically featured throughout the text). The metaphor is thus that as he (the young, passionate writer) dies, the language dies. The theme's crescendo is reached in the final three sentences of the novel, where it is professed that the Afrikaans language will not die some unforeseeable time in the future, but that the language is in fact already dead. And there is nothing the passionate, naive young artists can do to save it. By dying, the protagonist himself becomes the concept of his marketing campaign. He becomes the billboard, the advertisement (Die Advertensie), for a language that cannot be saved.
Muller, F. 2016. Die advertensie. University of Cape Town.
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0.99891 |
Nerve theory, sensibility, and Romantic metrosexuals / Michelle Faubert -- Wordsworth's double-take / William Galperin -- John Galt, happy colonialist: the case of the "The apostate; or, Atlantis destroyed" / Jeffrey Cass -- The Gothic chapbook and the urban reader / Diane Long Hoeveler -- Romantic science and the city / Marilyn Gaull -- Phenomenal beauty: Rousseau in Venice / Nancy Yousef -- E. T. A. Hoffmann's marketplace vision of Berlin / Alexander Schlutz -- Renzo in Milan / Ernesto Livorni -- Rome above Rome: Nikolai Gogol's Romantic vision of the eternal city / Tatiana V. Barnett -- Wordsworth's invigorating hell: London in book 7 of "The prelude" (1805) / Eugene Stelzig -- Blake's Golgonoosa: London and/as the eternal city of art / Mark Lussier -- London's immortal druggists: pharmaceutical science and business in Romanticism / Thomas H. Schmid -- Wordsworth's "Illustrated books and newspapers" and media of the city / Peter J. Mannning -- Babylon and Jerusalem on the Old Kent Road--Tim Fulford.
Summary: Romanticism and the City explores how late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century literature_conceptualized urban space._ Fresh readings of key_texts show how Romantic concerns with urban life shaped both individual works and broader theoretical issues.
Romanticism and the City explores how late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century literature_conceptualized urban space._ Fresh readings of key_texts show how Romantic concerns with urban life shaped both individual works and broader theoretical issues.
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0.992266 |
How can I prevent condensation inside my tent?
Every time I wake up in my new Marmot Swallow tent the condensation is so bad that my sleeping bag and clothes get wet, so much so that I'm considering taking the tent back and exchanging it for a Mountain Hardwear Skyview or MSR Fusion. I have searched the Internet and read many positive reviews about the Swallow, so is this just a common problem in three- to four-season tents, or did I just get the one defective tent in the batch?
Marmot's Swallow ($359; www.marmot.com) is a big, roomy two-person tent. As you know, it's designed for three-season use, meaning it has quite a bit of mesh in the tent canopy mesh doors, a mesh panel at the back of the tent, two mesh panels in the ceiling. I've not used this tent, but I've slept in tents that have similar designs (if you look closely at tents, you realize that all the big makers Marmot, Sierra Designs, Mountain Hardwear, The North Face, and the like share about six basic designs).
In my experience, this kind of design does a reasonably good job at keeping condensation to a minimum. So whether you have a real problem depends to some extent on where the condensation is appearing. Keep in mind that double-wall tents such as the Swallow are designed on this principle: Warm, moist air given off by the tent occupants passes through the mesh and permeable ripstop nylon of the canopy. When it hits the (presumably cooler) fly, which is waterproof, it will likely condense out. It's then supposed to drip down the fly to the ground.
At least, that's the idea. In certain conditions, the design of any tent will be overwhelmed by moisture. That's especially true on cool, still nights. When there's no wind, there's no air circulation between the canopy and fly, so the warm air from inside the tent isn't mixed with cooler outside air. And when the temperatures are relatively low (below 40, for instance), it's easier for liquid moisture to form on the underside of the fly.
So, in conditions such the above, I wouldn't be surprised that there's extensive condensation. It's just a fact of life. If you're getting a lot of moisture on the canopy the surface nearest you when you're inside the tent then that's a potential issue. Still, even at that, I'm not sure I can say the Swallow is better or worse than any other tent designed for similar weather conditions.
The question then becomes, how to minimize condensation? Ventilation is the key. If the weather isn't crummy, then do all you can to open up the tent. Leave a door open, for instance. And when pitching the tent, try to orient it so that any breezes can blow in under the fly. In the morning, if time allows, I find it helpful to remove the fly and lay it out upside-down so it can dry out some.
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0.700611 |
Leonard Wood was a physician who served as the US Army Chief of Staff and Governor General of the Philippines. He later became a recipient of the Medal of Honor.
Born in Winchester, New Hampshire, he attended Pierce Academy in Middleborough, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, earning an M.D. degree in 1884 as an intern at Boston City Hospital.
He took a position as an Army contract physician in 1885, and was stationed at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Wood participated in the last campaign against Geronimo in 1886, and was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1898 for carrying dispatches 100 miles through hostile territory and for commanding an infantry detachment whose officers had been lost.
Wood was personal physician to Presidents Grover Cleveland and William McKinley through 1898. It was during this period he developed a friendship with Theodore Roosevelt, then assistant secretary of the Navy.
At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Wood, with Roosevelt, organized the 1st Volunteer Cavalry regiment, popularly known as the Rough Riders. Wood commanded the regiment in a successful engagement known as the Battle of Las Guasimas. When brigade commander, Samuel B. M. Young became ill, Wood received a field promotion to brigadier general of volunteers and assumed command of the 2nd Brigade, Cavalry Division, V Corps (which included the Rough Riders) and led the brigade to a famous victory at Kettle Hill and San Juan Heights.
After San Juan, Wood led the 2nd Cavalry Brigade for the rest of the war; he stayed in Cuba after the war and was appointed the Military Governor of Santiago in 1898, and of Cuba from 1899-1902. In that capacity he relied on his medical experience to institute improvements to the medical and sanitary conditions in Cuba. He was promoted to brigadier general of regulars shortly before moving to his next assignment.
In 1902 he proceeded to the Philippines, where he served in the capacity of commander of the Philippines Division and later as commander of the Department of the East. He was promoted to major general in 1903, and served as governor of Moro province from 1903-06. During this period he was in charge of several bloody campaigns against Filipino troops, which was to be the beginning of his unpopularity there.
Wood was named Army Chief of Staff in 1910 by President Taft, whom he had met while both were in the Philippines; he remains the only medical officer to have ever held that position. As Chief of Staff, Wood implemented several programs, among which were the forerunner of the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program, and the Preparedness Movement, a campaign for universal military training and wartime conscription. The Preparedness Movement plan was scrapped in favor of the Selective Service System, shortly before World War I. He developed the Mobile Army, thus laying the groundwork for American success in WWI. He also created the General Staff Corps.
In 1914, Wood was replaced as Chief of Staff by William Wotherspoon. With the US entry into World War I, Wood was recommended by Republicans, in particular Henry Cabot Lodge, to be the U.S. field commander; however, War Secretary Newton Baker instead appointed John J. Pershing, amid much controversy. During the war, Wood was instead put in charge of the training of the 10th and 89th Infantry Divisions, both at Camp Funston. In 1915, he published The Military Obligation of Citizenship, and in 1916 Our Military History.
Wood was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the election of 1920.
He retired from the Army in 1921, and was made Governor General of the Philippines, in which capacity he served from 1921 to 1927. He was noted for his harsh, unpopular policies.
Wood died in Boston, Massachusetts after undergoing surgery for a brain tumor that had resulted from an earlier head injury. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Camp Leonard Wood in Missouri, now Fort Leonard Wood, home of the U.S. Army Combat Engineer School, was named in his honor, as was the USS Leonard Wood (AP-25/APA-12).
After Leonard Wood's death in 1927, his widow, Louise Wood offered one hundred dollars (a lot of money in the late 1920's) to any American Legion Post that would honor Leonard with his name, Hillsdale post 162 took up the offer. Hence our post was so named.
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Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to deduce properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.
Any statistical inference requires some assumptions. A statistical model is a set of assumptions concerning the generation of the observed data and similar data. Descriptions of statistical models usually emphasize the role of population quantities of interest, about which we wish to draw inference. Descriptive statistics are typically used as a preliminary step before more formal inferences are drawn.
Objective randomization allows properly inductive procedures. Many statisticians prefer randomization-based analysis of data that was generated by well-defined randomization procedures. (However, it is true that in fields of science with developed theoretical knowledge and experimental control, randomized experiments may increase the costs of experimentation without improving the quality of inferences.) Similarly, results from randomized experiments are recommended by leading statistical authorities as allowing inferences with greater reliability than do observational studies of the same phenomena. However, a good observational study may be better than a bad randomized experiment.
One interpretation of frequentist inference (or classical inference) is that it is applicable only in terms of frequency probability; that is, in terms of repeated sampling from a population. However, the approach of Neyman develops these procedures in terms of pre-experiment probabilities. That is, before undertaking an experiment, one decides on a rule for coming to a conclusion such that the probability of being correct is controlled in a suitable way: such a probability need not have a frequentist or repeated sampling interpretation. In contrast, Bayesian inference works in terms of conditional probabilities (i.e. probabilities conditional on the observed data), compared to the marginal (but conditioned on unknown parameters) probabilities used in the frequentist approach.
Fiducial inference was an approach to statistical inference based on fiducial probability, also known as a "fiducial distribution". In subsequent work, this approach has been called ill-defined, extremely limited in applicability, and even fallacious. However this argument is the same as that which shows that a so-called confidence distribution is not a valid probability distribution and, since this has not invalidated the application of confidence intervals, it does not necessarily invalidate conclusions drawn from fiducial arguments. An attempt was made to reinterpret the early work of Fisher's fiducial argument as a special case of an inference theory using Upper and lower probabilities.
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Talk to your doctor before using ginger together with prasugrel. Ginger products have been reported to cause bleeding in rare cases, and taking it with other medications that can also cause bleeding such as prasugrel may increase that risk. You should seek immediate medical attention if you experience any unusual bleeding or bruising, or have other signs and symptoms of bleeding such as dizziness; lightheadedness; red or black, tarry stools; coughing up or vomiting fresh or dried blood that looks like coffee grounds; severe headache; and weakness. It is important to tell your doctor about all other medications you use, including vitamins and herbs. Do not stop using any medications without first talking to your doctor.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cornell Haynes, Jr. (born November 2, 1974), better known by his stage name Nelly, is an American rapper and singer. He has performed with the rap group St. Lunatics since 1993 and signed to Universal Records in 1999. Under Universal, Nelly began his solo career in 2000 with his debut album Country Grammar, the title track of which was a top ten hit. The album debuted at #3 on the Billboard 200 and went on to peak at #1. Country Grammar is Nelly's best-selling album to date, selling over 8.4 million copies in the United States. His following album, Nellyville, produced the number-one hits "Hot in Herre" and "Dilemma" featuring Kelly Rowland. Other singles included "Work It" featuring Justin Timberlake, "Air Force Ones" featuring Murphy Lee and the St. Lunatics, "Pimp Juice", and "#1". With the same-day dual release Sweat and Suit (2004) and the compilation Sweatsuit (2006), Nelly continued to generate many chart-topping hits. Sweat debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 342,000 copies in its first week. On the same week of release, Suit debuted at number one selling around 396,000 copies in its first week on the same chart. Nelly's fifth studio album, Brass Knuckles, was released on September 16, 2008 after several delays. It produced the singles "Party People", featuring Fergie, "Stepped on My J'z" and "Body On Me", featuring Akon and Ashanti. In 2010, Nelly released the album 5.0. The lead single, "Just a Dream", has appeared in the top ten of several singles charts and were certified platinum in the United States. The second single is "Move That Body" featuring T-Pain and Akon. "Gone" is the sequel to Nelly's 2002 worldwide number one single "Dilemma", also with Rowland, and serves as third single from Nelly's album. He won Grammy Awards in 2003 and 2004 and had a supporting role in the 2005 remake film The Longest Yard with Adam Sandler and Chris Rock. He has two clothing lines, Vokal and Apple Bottoms. He has been referred to by Peter Shapiro as "one of the biggest stars of the new millennium", and the RIAA ranks Nelly as one of the best-selling male artists in American music history, with 21 million albums sold in the United States.On December 11, 2009, Billboard ranked Nelly the #3 Top Artist of the Decade. Description above from the Wikipedia article Nelly, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.
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Thanksgiving dinner potluck for PDX "orphans"
I figure since I consider Thanksgiving to be a great excuse for me to go nuts cooking anyway, I'd see if there are any local Mefites who are - like me - at loose ends family-wise and have no other plans for Turkey Day. My apartment can probably accommodate about 8 people comfortably, but if the response is greater than that and someone has the means (and willingness) to host a larger gathering, that's cool too. We can figure out the exact logistics and time but what I had in mind was an afternoon+early evening potluck sort of thing.
P.S. My kitchen is open for anyone who'd prefer to bring ingredients and cook here. NOTE: I don't own a microwave oven.
> I don't own a microwave oven.
Derail: do you want one? I had two for a little while, think one's still in storage.
Sounds good to me. Otherwise it'd be my first Thanksgiving without (at least) access to a kitchen. And that just wouldn't feel right.
Indeed. That happened to me my first Thanksgiving here in Portland, and I vowed then and there that as God is my witness, I'll never be hungry on Thanksgiving again!
- Though I don't have a microwave oven, I do have a large slow-cooker.
- No Orphan Left Behind: anyone who would like to attend but doesn't have the resources to make a dish is welcome to contribute by bringing wine or chipping in on grocery expenses.
Between extended family obligations and Das Ich later that night, I won't be there. Totally down for something that weekend, though.
Now that you mention it, geckinpdx, I'm not so stuck on tradition that I'd object to having the dinner on another day if that works better for people - and/or pulling together a more typical pub-based meetup on the weekend, for that matter.
I'd be up for a weekend meetup.
I could be up for a bar-based weekend meetup as well. Perhaps someone should start a new "proposed meetup" thingy?
I'd swallow the shatters of my pride and attend it!
Perhaps someone should start a new "proposed meetup" thingy?
umm, ok, here ya go.
i can get behind a weekend bar type deelybob. i mean, there's free admission at the zoo and then a free dinner at the cheerful tortoise on that day anyways, so it's not like i (or any other 'orphans' that might be reading this) are put out at all.
Okeydokey then, see y'all Saturday at Bridgeport Brewpub!
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Starting out trading and dont know how to make Profits?
Well, then you are one among many people in the same situation.
A methode to financial sucess in trading without having to use their brains. without having to possess the necesarry knowledge to participate in markets. without having to wonder or worry if his/her “strategy” is right or wrong. Without having the need to think if he/she or hers/his “strategy” has the “edge”.
For this purpose i have taken myself 1 day of time to create a simple and easy strategy and a strict set of rules, which - if you follow them consequently - your account is guaranteed to grow over the long run.
It is a variation and combination of several very successfull trading tactics that have stood the test of time over and over again. I adjusted it to the need of day traders in the form of “time” (meaning the signals come quicker).
[li]It is a strategy that keeps you 24/5 in the market and does not allow you to be “nervous” of missing out a trade.
[/li][li]A strategy that has very strict and very precise defined entree/exit points and Stop Loss points.
[/li][li]A strategy which is designed to keep you in a market when it is trending and keep you out if it is not trending.
[/li][li]A strategy which is designed to keep you in a profitable trade as long as possible and force you to exit unprofitabe trades.
[/li][li]A strategy which is so simple that even (my guess) a 13 years old teenager should be able easily to follow it and make profits over the long run.
[/li][li]A strategy that does not use contradicting indicators or oscilators.
[/li][li]A strategy that leaves no doubt of wether going long short or staying out of the market.
All You need is a clear chart and a trending market.
The strategy does not necesarrily produce losses in ranging markets, but it does not perfom any surpluses either. So in a ranging market it is likely that you will have minimal losses which, compared to the gains in trending markets, are no harm to your account.
Ideas, suggestions and critiques welcome. But if your critique or suggestion is that i should learn englisch- then facebook/twitter and jobcenters is more the website you should gift your everyday attention to.
As the explanation says: the definition of a trend is varying when the time frames are changing.
[li]In the ten years chart we have 2 big trends. First a big up trend then a big down trend. Those are long term trends.
[/li][li]In the short term chart we have up and down trends (which consists only of the -intermediate up trend of the 4 years chart). Those last a few weeks or months. Those are considered short term trend.
This scaling can be done down to the 1 minute chart and you will find a gazillion trends and trend less phases.
We focus on the daily only and the trading method focuses on the closest daily trend. Which is the short term trend in a years period.
[li]The scaling down from high trend to intermediate and short term reveals that trends are constantly interconnected. In the short term picture you see a lot of ups and downs and trend less times, in the next bigger picture those trend less and ups and down are only one or two legs of the trend shown in that next bigger chart. same goes for the connection of 4 years and 10 years chart.
[li]Trends exchange itself constantly the lower time frame you go. what is considered a new trend in the 4 years chart is in the 10 years chart only a violation of the prevailing trend and yet forms no new trend.
Please do not try any time frame below the daily chart. I did not had the time to test on time frames less than daily charts. From a first glance into a few securities on the 4-hours charts i saw a tendency of too much volatility which takes you out of the trade too often. The advantage of using daily charts is as well that you pay less commission because you enter fewer positions.
But if you think you will be bored and will have nothing to do all day then you are wrong. I will tell you later why you will be busy daily and for several hours trading this method.
All securities with enough volume to not be easily manipulated or where small transactions create a big move.
I will start here with point 2 instead of point 1 of how to trade this system.- out of reasons for simplicity and clarification.
You count. Thats all, you count and manage your automated positions.
Automated you ask? why Automated? (please refer to “Risk management and diversification” - because, once you are in a position your future actions are already planned and SETTED UP. Setted up in the way that you already entered the market orders for the future.
You already entered the stop loss.
the last 5 days matter.
The low of the last 5 days is your stop loss.
Your stop loss is the entrée order for a short position.
This means if you are doing it right then in the very same second a long gets closed automatically by your stop loss your trading desk automatically opens a new short position.
Suppose that the days after the RED ARROW do not exist. You don’t see them because the day of the RED ARROW is today.
Today (every day) you cont back the last 5 daily candles. You identify the lowest point of the last 5 days and you identify the highest point of the last 5 days.
Those 2 points serve as your entrée into trades. On the highest point (price) you set up an automated entrée order.
You calculate the pip value between entrée point and stop loss and then you set the size of your position according to the 2% rule (Refer back to “Risk management and Diversification”).
This means that in the difference of the entrée point and the stop loss point you must not lose more than 2% of your account size.
You do the exact opposite in trading direction. You again count the last 5 days and have the high and low. On the lowest point you set up a SHORT position and the Stop loss is the highest value of the last 5 days.
Thats it. This is your job for this pair. You have successfully finished your job for this security for today. Tomorrow it starts over again, the same calculation in the very same style - no matter if your trade has been triggered or not.
Once it gets triggered you adjust the stop loss figures (again last 5 days lowest point) and the contra trade figures (again, you constantly - this means 24/7 - always simultaneously have a contra trade entrée setted up.
This means that every time your long has been stopped out - the very same second it gets stopped out your system opens a short position.
This means that if your short trade has been stopped out - the very same second it gets stopped out your system opens a new long position.
Your daily job (less than 5 minutes per security) is to adjust the numbers to the new day which is happening today.
Example from Post number 1 continued and expanded.
This is the last few weeks Gold action (XAU/USD). This very last turn no-one expected to be this precise and strong. Many people got caught in losing positions after opening new short positions in the down move. We have earned already quite nicely 20% on the down-move. Our system now starts working without consideration of YOUR OPINION. At the end of the move the last few days have been barely moving and ur system smells a possible return.
The system is about to launch a new position.
And it launches it. Without your participation or giving a 5cent about your opinion that it must continue further down.
You’re still long. You are winning. You are earning.
You do not close the trade. Since we don’t use indicators or oscillators there will be no contrary opinion onto why you should take profits now. Unless the 5 day rule (the stop loss which is at the lowest price of the last 5 days) is not violated you do not have any reason to close your position.
Everything is perfectly fine. You are winning, so lay back and enjoy the rising profits daily.
the last few days have been choppy and according to the newest highs and lows you adjust your stop loss to the newest low (that is your daily job, you must do that every day).
So today your system closed a profiting long and opened a new short position. Your job now is to enter a new long position at the exact value of the short positions STOP LOSS.
Your short was a false signal and it got closed and a new long position has been opened.
Your loss is 50% of initial stop loss (since we adjust the stop losses to the highest high of last 5 days - this means that if day 6 is higher it does not matter, it is out of the equation and the stop loss is lower than the high of day 6) simply because we adjust the stop losses daily the system took you out of the trade very early. Earlier than you would do it yourself if you were trading manually.
New long has been established which is in profit in the day after its opening. the week after the new long opening already is in profit with a RR-ration of /1 =2% new profit.
Leaving us with a profit of 11% with only 3 trades.
The identification comes back to the trend analysis we have performed in the first page (please refer to Trend classification and Analysis).
We go from the high time-frame to the lower time-frame.
10 years in daily charts = trend = yes/no?
The direction is not important. it is only important that we see that it is moving.
And again. The 1 Years chart = Trending.
We only trade in hot securities.
For a security to be hot it must be trending in at least 2 of the 3 long term charts.
All 3 charts are important but the 1 year chart is the most important for us to chose a market.
If the 1 year chart is not showing any interesting trends it is a semi hot market and we enter it upon specific set-ups.
Now we look for our entrée. If the chart ( year chart) is already in a trend (this case now trending downwards - SHORTS) you simply enter immediately and put the highest high of the last 5 days as your stop loss and immediately set up a long trade on the stop loss of the short.
That’s easy work. You only need to practice your “trend recognition skills”.
But we do have a issue with markets which do not show a clear trend in then 1 years chart.
It simply means there is no trend visible.
Does that mean we skip this pair and stop looking at it?
We keep looking at this pair every day. We give it a 2 minute attention every day. We want to trade and we want to earn. So not observing a pair that might be a possible good run is contra productive.
How do we define that it started trending again?
[/li][li]We don’t think about that at all.
[/li][li]We don’t try to get clues through Oscillators or Indicators.
[/li][li]We don’t look at news or read articles of random “Analysts” or “journalists” who think this could/would happen sooner or later- or whatever.
All those things above are only distractions. nothing else.
What we do: we use the “Entrée identification method” of our system.
[li]You count the last 40 days. Note the highest high and the lowest low of these 40 days.
[/li][li]On the lowest low you set up a SHORT ENTREE.
[/li][li]On the highest high you set up a LONG ENTREE.
[/li][li]The stop loss is setted up on the exact midpoint of lowest low and highest high.
Because we love trends. All trends. And we trade only in trends.
A breakout out of a existing trend-less phase or a ranging market usually happens on heavy volume. Intense buying/selling pressure. Such breakouts are followed by heavy pressure into the new direction because no-one wants to come late and everyone wants to earn.
Such breakouts are a money making machine simply because the entrées are low risk but the potential move after the breakout is huge and very profitable.
Once the breakout has happened (moved above or below the low of the last 40 days) we stay in the market. No matter the outcome of the first trade. It is very possible that the breakout towards up was a whipsaw, this increases the probability that a breakout towards the downside is going to happen immediately after. So if we lose the first trade we go back to our standard 5-days trading system in which only the last 5 days matter (the 40 days system is now obsolete and will not be paid any attention to).
So if the first (lets assume long) long trade after the breakout fails and creates a loss then we immediately enter a short trade at the stop loss of the first long. After that we use the 5 days method again -as described above- to guide the direction we are trading.
This means you are now in the market 24/7 again.
It is a start of a new trading in a trending market.
Markets turn from HOT into Semi-Hot and Cold from time to time (now i see it would be better to have used the word “warm” rather than semi-hot, but screw it i’m too lazy to change it again).
We must leave when a market is not hot any more.
This is the easiest and most simple part of this trading strategy.
We have been trading in the market with the 5-day method.
3 consecutive trades have been closed at a loss or profit of less than 1/1-risk-reward ratio.
That’s all. If that happens you go back to the 40-days breakout method.
It all looks like there is not much happening because we trade the 1 day timefrae.
That is because I created a system that takes off the hardest work. =Analyzing and guessing.
I created this system to fullfill 1 purpose: Make people who are not able to sucessfuly operate in financial markets earn money on financial markets. The thinking and guessing and learning part has been removed to make it easy. All you have to do is follow this precise set of rules and you will earn money.
Why it will not be boring after all? Take into consideration that you must pay a visit to 30 pairs every day. You have 50 “40-days breakout entree”-entree orders to manage and adjust when the time has come and 50 Stop losses for this matter.
You have 5 open trades which every one of them has 2 stop losses and 1 “entree-counter-direction” =3x5 = 15 positions to update every day.
Means you have to watch 30 pairs and update around 115 “commands” which you gave your trading too to command it what it has to do. And these commands have to be monitored once a day minimum and changed when necesarry.
It is enough work to keep you bussy and not bored.
Only thing is does not cover is “knowledge”.
Enjoy, and I wish you many profits.
i have taken myself [B]1 day of time to create a simple and easy strategy[/B] and a strict set of rules, which - if you follow them consequently - [B]your account is guaranteed to grow over the long run[/B].
I’m sure this will be an exciting thread full of useful advice.
However, can you please tell me if the above ‘quote’ is true? It took you one day to create a system that is guaranteed to make profits?
to gain the necesarry knowledge and experience to be able to create “that” system took years.
To combine usefull things into one set of paper and adjust it to a trading style that differs my trading style took around 1 day- yes. What i will be posting is a tool which i am using in my trading since a long time. I use this tool which i created myself since quite some time in trading and it has helped to identify possibilities. I took that tool out of my trading style and made it a “stand alone”- trend following system and added rules which clearly define entree, exit, SL and “staying out of market”. You can classify it as a portion of my trading style which has been remodeled, other things of my trading style have been removed and then wrapped up in a set of rules which differ from the rules i am using in my trading.
Once i post it (today evening or tomorrow) you are very welcome to backtest it with the support of a computer and tell me the results - since i do manual backtesting it would be very interesting to see what a computerized backtesting would reveal.
That’s more or less what I thought you meant, that you had set aside a day to set out a version of your trading style in a way that just about anyone can follow.
Hi there Nero and thanks for your effort and time spent on this thread.
I would love to test the tool you are talking about (most probably I will do it manually too, because I don’t trust the strategy tester). Please do share out of your experience, if testing on Demo will give similar results to what you have tested in Live (I assume you are doing it on live account), or live conditions are needed?
Why bro? When you’re active here on BP you know who’s worth listening to and who’s not.
Let a brother do his thing.
Why bro. When your active here on BP you know whos worth listerning to and whos not.
Yeap, been here for a while, and you should of known it was sarcasm. But then again, your the one always pulling back the slingshot on me, expected.
It is quite possible for a newbie to make profits. However, comprehensive research & retail broker data evidently states that only less than 1% of traders can really make profits.
The problem, thus, don’t lie in the difficulty but in the way the average trader move towards trading. However in the end, trading is regardless of the market and is like a profession. You would not be expecting to watch some YouTube videos to become an expert. You cannot read a few articles and be ready to trade.
If you actually want to follow the path, it should not be for money, but because you have passion for it. The path to be a consistent trader can be a long one. You may experience frustrations, setbacks and the times when you would want to quit.
The best you can do is admit that the professional trader usually take years and you would need to treat it like business and a skills would help you to develop.
I have added everything to the entire system. Its all in post 1,2 and 3.
That’s a lot of time and effort you’ve put in to help folks out Turbo. Well done!
even thou i know its a waist of time and effort since i know it wont help anyone, i still hope it will help one or two people.
sorry for my late answare. I can not tell you this since i never traded demo accounts in my life. All i did was always live accounts.
I do backtesting on paper only, and i think that paper backtesting is more accurate since you can take into consideration volatility much easier.
id be happy seeing a backtest on a demo account. would be very interesting.
Seems that you have an interesting system that I will try from next week on my life test account.
How did this system perform last year during the Brexit vote and US election day ?
I haven’t had the time to look at all charts in details because I’m working on an indicator that calculates the High and Lows during past 5 or 40 trading days and calculates the position size. Will probably post it here when ready if you allow it.
How does the EURUSD perform with this system ?
Is this a pair that you are trading at the moment or are there more interesting pair such as gold, usdjpy ? Those are making nice waves over the past year.
I’m a little bit confused about the SL of the 40 day system.
Suppose we had 3 bad performing trades with the 5 day system, then we need to switch to the 40 day system.
SL in middle of High and Low. I checked a few charts. We can have then a SL of more then 500 pips.
So we will have a very small position size.
When our pending order gets triggered a few days later we need to follow the rules again of the 5 day system to change our SL every day.
Aren’t we going then to a very small SL (5 day low), compared to the one of the 40d system ?
Why start with a big SL to have it changed the next day into a small one ? Or am I reading something wrong ?
You wrote that we can have only 5 active trades at one moment.
Suppose we follow with this system 10 to 15 pairs.
Since we are with this system 24/7 in a trade how can we keep then only 5 trades open ?
Do we have to close then a few trades ? Put system on hold ? Or what do you do ?
Thanks for your comments and putting this system in the forum here.
I’m also interested in this, would like to see back-test results if possible? Perfect strategy for me, long term positions which I like, but daily fiddling which stops me trying to pretend I can scalp!
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Interpret "Danish National Vocal Ensemble & Marcus Creed"
Since its debut in 2007, the Danish National Vocal Ensemble’s sound has been called transparent, bright and pure, and the ensemble sings with a technical precision that has placed it among the top tier vocal ensembles in Europe.
The Danish National Vocal Ensemble’s repertoire spans nearly 500 years of music, from Renaissance polyphony to the latest avantgarde explorations and even folk songs, bringing the essence of the famous Nordic choral style to perfection.
Each season the Danish National Vocal Ensemble appears in both a cappella concerts and with The Danish National Symphony Orchestra. The group also appears with other ensembles, including the baroque orchestra Concerto Copenhagen and international orchestras like the Radio Symphony Orchestra from Hamburg, the Malmö Symphony Orchestra and the Bergen Philharmonic.
In 2014 Marcus Creed succeeded Swedish-born Olof Boman and Stephen Layton as the ensemble’s chief conductor and principal guest conductor respectively. DNVE received both an ECHO Klassik Award, nominations for 2 Grammy’s, a Gramophone Award and for the Danish Radio P2 Prize. Their CD L’amour et la foi received in June 2015 Diapason d’Or.
The English conductor, Marcus Creed, began his studies at King's College in Cambridge, where he had the opportunity to sing in the famed King's College Choir. Further studies took him to Christ Church in Oxford and the Guildhall School in London.
Marcus Creed began living in Berlin in 1976 (or 1977). Stations along his way have been the Deutsche Oper Berlin (where he worked as opera coach and choir director), Hochschule der Kunste (lecturer on song), as well as the Gruppe Neue Musik and the Scharoun Ensemble (pianist and conductor). In 1987 he was appointed artistic director of the RIAS-Kammerchor, which won numerous international awards under his direction (including the Edison Award, the Diapason D'Or and the Cannes Classical Award). His work together with the Akademie fur Alte Musik Berlin, the Freiburger Barockorchester and the Concerto Koln formed an important part of his concert activities.
Marcus Creed has been invited by several early music festivals. He gave performances of Bach's Mass in B minor (BWV 232), Purcell's Dido and Aeneas at the Berlin Staatsoper Unter den Linden, and his cycle of Handel oratorios (Solomon, Messiah, Jephtha, Israel in Egypt, Alexander's Feast, Theodora, etc.) set an exemplary criterion in Germany. He conducts Belshazzar at the Gottingen Handel Festival in 1996. In the performance of new music with the RIAS-Kammerchor, he is also closely associated with the Berlin Scharoun Ensemble as a pianist and conductor. He regularly appears at the Berlin Festwochen as well as at festivals like the Warsaw Spring, Wien Modern, the Salzburg Festspielen, the Venice Biennale and at festivals in Montreux, Edinburgh, Lucerne and Innsbruck.
In partnership with Claudio Abbado and the Berliner Philharmoniker Marcus Creed conducted Stockhausen's orchestral Gruppen. He has worked with other orchestras like the Berlin Staatskapelle and the Berliner Symphoniker. In 1998, he accepted a call to take up the position of professor of conducting at the Musikhochschule in Koln. Since January 1, 2003, he has been artistic director of the SWR Vokalensemble Stuttgart.
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What do Africans think about China? How does this compare with the US? I get asked these questions a lot, and I always try to resist responding with anecdotes along the lines of: "a taxi driver I spoke with in Ethiopia believes X about China/the US." The best data we have will be found in public opinion polls. Below is a quick survey of polls I know about. If readers have links to other polls, I'd love to include them.
The Afrobarometer asked a public opinion question on China in 2008 but I don't think they've repeated it. In that survey, 47% thought that China "helped somewhat" or "helped a lot" while 30% answered "don't know". For the US, 54% thought we "helped somewhat" or "helped a lot" and 29% didn't have a response.
The BBC regularly does a World Public Opinion poll (PIPA) asking some comparative questions on China, although their coverage of African countries is spotty. Their survey in 2011 had five African countries, Kenya (73% positive), Nigeria (85%), Ghana (72%), Egypt (55%) and South Africa (53%). All had at least 50% positive rating. Another BBC survey in two African countries in 2011 reported a positive view of the impact of China's growth on their country: Kenya (77% positive), Nigeria (82%). In 2013, the PIPA survey showed positive ratings of 78% for China in Nigeria, 68% in Ghana, and a decline to 58% in Kenya. Their 2014 survey showed a rise in favorable public opinion on China in Kenya (65%), stable in Ghana (67%) and a bit of a positive jump for Nigeria (85%).
The Pew Charitable Trust also includes some questions on China/US public opinion.
I think the most recent Pew survey took place in the Spring of 2013. The table from the US/China question is reproduced to the right. On average, 65 percent of Africans viewed China favorably, and 73 percent the US.
Earlier Pew surveys on this topic seem to have only included one country, Kenya. In 2010, 94% of Kenyans surveyed viewed the US favorably and in 2011, 83%. In the table on the right we can see a favorable opinion for the US of 81%, In 2010, 86% of Kenyans surveyed viewed China favorably, and in 2011, this dropped to 71% and in 2013, it rose to 78%.
The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) SAIS China Africa Research Initiative (SAIS-CARI) announces a call for papers for a Conference on China's Overseas Finance and Aid, April 10 and 11, 2015.
The SAIS China Africa Research Initiative (SAIS-CARI) will hold its second public conference on April 10, 2015 with a private researchers' workshop on April 11, 2015, in Washington, DC at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). The theme will be Researching China’s Overseas Finance and Aid: What, Why, How, Where and How Much? The goal will be a deeper, comparative understanding of the rise of China's state-supplied overseas finance, including grants, foreign aid loans, commercial loans, export credits and special investment funds. Papers will examine the motives and modalities, trends, sectors, and impacts using a variety of methods from quantitative analysis to case studies.
We are pleased to announce a Call for Papers for this conference and workshop. Proposals can be submitted at any time but are due by February 1, 2015.
The list is for suggestion only; other topics are also welcome. We especially welcome papers that are based on fieldwork and focus on case studies of specific projects. Applicants are welcome to discuss their proposed research with the conference organizers before making a proposal. Comparisons between Chinese and other financiers and donors would be particularly welcome, or comparisons between Chinese finance in Africa and in other regions (including China).
Prospective authors should submit a two page proposal to [email protected] by February 1, 2015. Proposals should include a 500 word abstract of the paper, a brief description of the research project and methodology, and a short biography of the author. We may request other information. Researchers whose papers are accepted will be provided with two nights accommodation and meals during the conference. A limited amount of travel support will be available for selected researchers to attend the conference. Authors should indicate whether they need travel support in order to participate.
We've seen a lot of discussion of the news media coverage of the new report by the Environmental Investigation Agency of the criminal ivory smuggling racket and its claims of Chinese diplomatic involvement in this criminal activity. Anthropology Professor Stephanie Rupp at the City University of New York is an expert on these issues, and a China-Africa hand. I asked her if she would give us a guest post for the blog.In the wake of recent claims regarding officials from the Chinese government’s involvement in ivory smuggling, the impact and demand of China for elephant ivory has once again come to the fore. A recent report released by the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) catalogues the impact of Chinese criminal syndicates and Tanzanian corruption in the ivory trade. This report dovetails with other research indicating that Tanzania – and the ports of Dar and Zanzibar – provides a significant point of exit for ivory aggregated by means of networks that criss-cross the continent. It is important to emphasize that the ivory trade is a complex network that spans multiple nations in both Africa and Asia, a point that is indicated, but not emphasized in the EIA Report.
In the Congo River basin, where my research is focused, elephants have been aggressively targeted with a marked surge over the past decade. Indeed just this week 256 elephant tusks were confiscated in southern Cameroon. When I returned to my research site in southeastern Cameroon on the border with the Republic of Congo in the summer of 2014, the price of ivory in had increased tenfold over the past decade, from $40/kilo to $400/kilo. The urgency of the situation for elephant populations throughout the continent is clear: elephants in both forest and savannah contexts are under severe pressures from poaching.
On the Asian side, Thailand is the second-leading destination of African ivory after China. When I went to Thai markets to look for ivory during the summer of 2013, it was apparent that Thai markets are awash in ivory. Most of it appears to be “new stock,” ivory harvested after the 1989 CITES ban on international ivory trade. The CITES ban prohibits the trade of ivory across international boundaries, but not within particular nations – such as Thailand, India, or Zimbabwe, for example – that host elephant populations. Given the state of deterioration of the Thai national elephant herds, the relatively paucity of ivory on Asian elephants (only males produce tusks), and the proliferation of ivory networks throughout both African and Asian nations, new stocks of ivory in Thai – and other Asian markets – are likely to be from Africa.
Numerous governments – the US, France, the Philippines,and China -- have staged the very high-profile destruction of ivory. For the most part, these public performances of ivory destruction are media events designed to signal the state's official line in cracking down on ivory poaching. While these events signal important official recognition of the issues of ivory markets, such events are primarily public performances that may well allow trade in ivory to continue.
The issue of direct government involvement in the specific visit by the Chinese delegation in 2013 needs additional – and rigorous – substantiation. Evidence for involvement by Chinese government in exporting ivory through this official delegation comes from Tanzanian carvers who supplied carvings (ebony, ivory, or both) to the delegation.While particular relationships between international “officials,” business people, or travelers and particular artisans would not seem unusual, such specific ethnographic comments require substantiation.
Moreover, the idea of “Chinese” pressures on African elephant populations has to be much more carefully disaggregated: participants in contemporary ivory networks hail from multiple nations in addition to China. Even in EIA report highlights the involvement of actors in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Thailand. Though the primary destination, China is not the only end-market for ivory.
The plight of elephants today is a result of many centuries of human exploitation of these animals for their ivory. The last surge of demand (only one of many) spiked about a century ago, when consumers were the nouveau riche of the Gilded Age in North America. At the end of the 19th century, approximately 95% of all ivory leaving Africa left through Zanzibar, bound for New England ports and ultimately for elite markets in cities such as New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston. Piano keys, billiard balls, hair combs, handles on knives and revolvers: elite commodities drove the hunting of the largest “tuskers” in East central, and southern Africa a century ago, with detrimental affects on the population size and genetic pool of elephants that remained in the 20th century. Today's pressures on elephants, driven again by a surge of consumption of elite commodities by another nouveau riche – this time in Asia – needs to be seen in the context of this larger global history.
Taking a larger historical view helps us see that contemporary ivory networks rest on cultural values and historically deep pathways that are multiregional and multicultural, and should not devolve into “China-bashing.” This perspective allows us to break through the facile dichotomies such as “China-Africa” and “Chinese traditional vs. Western liberal values” to appreciate the global complexities of cross-cultural appreciation for ivory, and the long-term multifaceted pressures that this appetite for ivory exerts on elephants.
Thought I would share an interview I did last week with Young China Watchers (YCW), which is "a dynamic group of young professionals seeking to foster the next generation of China thought-leaders. Through regular roundtables and talks with senior figures in the China academic, policy, and business communities, and through original interviews and feature articles, it provides a chance for engaged individuals to interact and discuss the most pressing issues emerging from China today."
Click here for the interview, where you can also see the latest version of the cover of my new book!
And as we’ve seen recently with the Ebola epidemic, China has also shown that it is prepared to take on a bigger role in addressing international crises – including those that emerge far from Asia, even those on the opposite side of the globe. We’re very grateful that China has committed more than $130 million to date in aid and supplies to help address the Ebola crisis. And last week, China announced its plans to dispatch a unit from the People’s Liberation Army to Liberia to help manage the crisis. That’s global leadership, and it’s important, and that cooperation with us is more than welcome.
It's not been easy for the US and China to build a cooperative relationship in Africa. Much more could be done in fighting Ebola together -- a good place to build some positive guanxi among Americans and Chinese in Africa.
Looking into oil exports from Africa today -- an intern wrote up a story on a recent talk I gave. She sent me a draft, and I saw that she had mistakenly heard me say that China was taking 90 percent of Africa's resources (what I had actually said was that natural resources and commodities make up 90 percent of Chinese imports from Africa).
I know a lot of people still believe that China is vacuuming up the vast majority of Africa's resource exports. So what is the data? Let's look at oil. According to the US government's Energy Information Administration (EIA) China is importing 22% of sub-Saharan Africa's oil.
Thanks to fracking and shale gas, the US has cut way back on sub-Saharan African oil. We only imported 13% of SSA's oil exports in 2012. Europe gets the most: 28%. So, China imports 22% of sub-Saharan African oil and "the West," 41%.
What about North Africa? The major producers there are Libya (Europe has 71%, China has 12%, the US 4%) and Algeria (Europe gets 72%, "Asia" gets 10%). If this was added to the totals, China's percent would shrink and Europe's would expand.
China is a big consumer of African resources -- timber, cotton, copper -- but as far as oil, it is still quite a bit smaller than "the West".
The Financial Times tongue-in-cheek "Danwei Model Workers" list of websites on China honored the excellent China Africa Project in its "Model Worker of the Year (Podcast)" awards today. I love what the China Africa Project is are doing. Always lively, always worth checking out.
I am also pleased -- even though I haven't been blogging much as I focus on my new book -- that the Financial Times once again retains China in Africa: the Real Story blog on their "Model Worker" list of the best websites on China -- the only China in Africa website to make the list. This year they also include a Twitter list, which honors the indefatigable Winslow Robinson and the China Africa Reporting Project at Witts.
China is still a relatively new player in African resource investments. Given the poor social and environmental record of Chinese mining and oil companies at home -- and the challenges that face most companies operating in these sectors in Africa (think: Shell in the Niger Delta) or even off the shores of the United States (think: BP in the Gulf of Mexico) Chinese companies have had a steep learning curve about the risks of "going global". Global Witness has come out with a helpful new report on one aspect of these risks: complicated new laws that prohibit the import of minerals from conflict zones, and require source tracing: "Tackling Conflict Minerals: How a New Chinese Initiative Can Address Companies' Risks."
The report is timed to coincide with the launch of (un)official new guidelines on responsible supply chain management in conflict-affected countries put together by the China Chamber of Commerce of Metals, Minerals and Chemicals Importers and Exporters (CCCMC) the major Chinese business association grouping mineral import/export companies. It uses the DRC as a case study.
The guidelines themselves are being released today and I will provide a link when available. They were developed with assistance from the German development agency, GIZ. Bravo to GIZ and Global Witness for good, practical work. I hope you plan to translate the report into Chinese so it can have impact in the right places!
As many readers know, I am writing a book on China's agricultural investments in Africa. One of pieces of conventional wisdom I am questioning is the assumption that China wants to source its food in Africa. It's clear from detailed COMTRADE trade data that China actually exports far more food to Africa than the reverse. But that database is a pain to use.
Over the past few days I've been playing with the quick and easy FAOSTAT version 3, and I am really thrilled with its interface, and the range of data it provides. I hope it's good data -- it seems to match with other sources I'm using -- but what I especially love about it is the ease of queries on production and trade. Want to know where the Chinese sugar project in Benin exports its sugar? Bingo! (Portugal, France -- not China). Want to know if China exports rice to Mozambique? Bingo! (yes).
I know, this is all impossibly nerdy, but what a great job FAO is doing with making their data on food accessible. UN-COMTRADE: "eat" your heart out.
A Title for My New Book?
OK, here is where I really need some help from readers. I am down to the wire on a title for my new book on Chinese agricultural investment (or not) in Africa. I had what I thought was a great title, Feeding Frenzy, which would play off of the general perception that the Chinese are leading the land grab in Africa, to grow food to ship back to China. (There is little evidence of any grand strategy to do this, let alone of Chinese farms in Africa growing food for China -- at least for now). Then, a few months ago, someone else published a book with that title. It's about the global food crisis and not about China and Africa, but my publisher (Oxford again), emailed me on Friday: "Ok - we're at the finish line for titles. We need one asap (for the catalog). Feeding Frenzy is taken and doesn't work." They proposed The African Rice Bowl: China, [Global] Food Security, and the Agricultural Revolution in Africa [or African Agricultural Revolution].
Hmmmm ... this doesn't work for me. It's too much of an echo of other writers who have argued the thesis I am going to dispute, i.e. that China does want to make Africa into its rice bowl.
Update, October 10: Oxford has decided to go with Will Africa Feed China? -- no subtitle, but the cover will have a blurb or other written material that makes the point about the myths and realities. They liked the link with Lester Brown's famous 1995 book: "Who Will Feed China?" and the simplicity of the title which, they said, "says it all." So there we are. If anyone thinks this is really a problem title, please post! I still shudder to recall the original title selected by my last editor for The Dragon's Gift. They wanted to call it Rogue Donor? The book will be published at some point next year, probably in the summer.
I am again looking for an excellent candidate to undertake Ph.D. research on China-Africa economic engagement under my supervision, to enter in the Fall of 2015. SAIS offers fully funded Ph.D. fellowships. Candidates must already have an MA degree, ideally in development studies, economics, or international relations.
The ideal candidate will have some background in China-Africa relations, fluency in Chinese including the ability to read Chinese, field experience, and excellent English. Admission will depend on academic excellence (high GPA, excellent GRE scores), and a convincing statement of research interests that includes China's going-out engagement in Africa, broadly defined. This year I am particularly interested in candidates with interests in infrastructure, mining, and development finance. Quantitative skills (econometrics), Portuguese or French would be assets, but not required.
The deadline for applications is December 15. For more information, and to apply, consult the SAIS Ph.D. program website here.
Over the past couple of years I have been hard at work on a new book focused on China's agricultural investments in Africa. Some are very hard to track down. China State Farm Agribusiness Corporation (中国农垦)'s Togo Agriculture Development Company Ltd. for example. They reportedly developed a small-scale mixed farm offering demonstration and technical services in modern aquaculture, poultry, and pigs in an alluvial area 30 kilometers north of Lomé, according to a paper by J. R. Chaponniere and Zheng Qi, but as of 2014, we have not been able to find a trace of it.
China in Zambia: "On-Par with Industry Averages"?
CIFOR -- The Center for International Forestry Research -- has just published another paper in its series on Chinese investment in Africa: George Schoneveld, Laura German, and Davison Gumbo, "The developmental implications of Sino‑African economic and political relations: A preliminary assessment for the case of Zambia." CIFOR does great, very solid work, and this team is particularly good. I have enjoyed and profited from their studies for years.
contrary to popular perception, China's direct participation in other primary sectors, such as forestry and agriculture, is negligible.
Chinese investments have ...led to a rehabilitation of dilapidated mining infrastructure, while enhancing the country's production capacity through the construction of new processing facilities and the development of greenfield mines.
These investments have proven to be more stable and less subject to commodity price fluctuations than their Western counterparts.
Moreover, while Chinese investors are widely criticized for their poor corporate performance, on most labor-related and environmental dimensions, Chinese mines perform on-par with industry averages.
"Early evidence appears to contradict many of the long-held assumptions about Chinese economic and political participation in resource-rich countries."
Although the CIFOR report does not cite the Human Rights Watch study of Chinese mining in Zambia, it will be interesting to compare the two. I predict that CIFOR will get little publicity for their report -- compared with HRW.
A h/t to Christian Straube.
Will China Be Buying African Rice?
Recently colleagues at Devex published a story about what China's move away from grain self-sufficiency means for African agriculture. Curiously, they illustrated this story with the photo and caption above, of a pile of 50kg bags of rice ... coming INTO Senegal. Devex said these imports are from China. As the Ameropa label shows, this is unlikely. Ameropa is a Swiss multinational with a branch that specializes in importing Asian rice for African markets. The rice in this photo was probably sourced in Vietnam or Thailand, not China. As our recent SAIS-CARI conference on Chinese agricultural investment in Africa pointed out, China is not exploring ways to feed its growing population using food grown in Africa. At least, not yet.
I wrote my first book analyzing the problems and challenges faced by Chinese rice projects in West Africa (Chinese Aid and African Development, 1998), so this is a special interest of mine. Here's what is going on in Senegal -- excerpted from an excellent analysis by Adama Wade at Financialafrik.com.
Senegal, with 13 million inhabitants, is the world’s tenth biggest importer with 700,000 to 900,000 tonnes per year. ... « It is strange that the rice produced in central Vietnam, transported to Ho Chi Min Port, loaded in bulk and shipped to the ports of Abidjan or Dakar, landed and then transported by road to Bobo Dioulasso or St. Louis is preferred by the population and is cheaper than local rice», wonders aloud an operator, formerly shareholder of Glencore International. ... Local production accounts for 200,000 tonnes of paddy rice, the equivalent of 140,000 tonnes of local rice. The Government’s goal is to reach 1 million tonnes by 2015, including 800,000 tonnes produced through irrigated rice. The Senegalese Government has made food self-sufficiency its key priority. But, there are still some inconsistencies. More tax incentives are given to investors who make 80% of their turnover from exports. Amazing! This is just the tip of the iceberg- while Asian producers receive subsidies on energy, water and fertilizers, in the Senegal River Valley, support mechanisms remain elusive. So, there are no energy subsidies for rice production and development (offset). Urea, which was subsidised by 50% between 2006 and 2011 and sold at CFAF 6,000 now costs CFAF 9,000. Although the price of DAP actually decreased, the quantity available barely covers half of the requirements. There is an energy challenge in the processing of local rice.«There are fixed monthly electricity costs. Whether you work or not, you pay CFAF 250,000 a month.» Under such conditions, can local rice sold at CFA 12,500 mill price (12,500 for whole grain rice) be competitive and generate enough income for a quantitative and qualitative leap?
Adama's analysis makes it clear why the Chinese are not likely to be coming to Senegal for their rice. When it comes to that -- if it does -- they will go to Vietnam. Just as the Senegalese do.
China's second foreign aid white paper published -- finally!
Last summer, we started hearing that Chinese analysts were working on the second white paper on foreign aid. It has been many months in the works, and unexplicably delayed for months, but now, at last, the second White Paper on Foreign Aid has been published. It is much less detailed than the first, and perhaps that reflects the triumph of whatever concerns delayed it. Here's what's interesting.
These figures do not include additional funding (over $1.3 billion) provided through the UN and multilateral and regional development banks over this period.
According to the paper, 51.8 percent of Chinese aid goes to Africa. This means an average of $2.5 billion per year between 2009 and 2012.
China is also still providing debt relief in Africa. Nine countries: Tanzania, Zambia, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Mali, Togo, Benin, Cote d'Ivoire and Sudan, had 16 mature interest-free loans cancelled, for a total of 1.42 billion yuan ($229 mn). This continues the practice begun more than a decade ago of loan cancellation only for the interest-free loans. Countries thinking they might have their concessional loans cancelled need to think again: concessional loans have never been included in the loan forgiveness program.
The "Chinese Peace Corps" is still alive, with some 7000 volunteers sent abroad over the past three years. Why do we hear almost nothing about this program? Has anyone run across a volunteer in Africa?
Another interesting development: China is providing some assistance to Burkina Faso, a country that recognizes Taiwan. This is done as part of a WTO-related program, where Benin, Mali, Chad and Burkina Faso -- the Cotton-4 countries -- receive cotton seeds, farm machinery and fertilizers, technology transfer and training, and support for other aspects of their cotton value chain. Cotton is probably the top agricutural export from Africa to China, so this clearly shows economics trumping politics.
A hat tip to Winslow Robertson who was even faster than my google alert to pick up news of the White Paper!
On debt sustainability, an official from the IMF confirmed: "The Chinese look at debt very differently [from the IMF]. It's a function of the project investment." He noted that the IMF Board has had "intense debate" on the debt limits policy (a post-HIPC innovation). "The debate has been heavily influenced by the way China has been approaching Africa. And that's all to the good."
A World Bank official working on the China-Africa relationship noted that the World Bank signed an MOU with China Eximbank in 2007, but nothing really resulted. Now, the World Bank has two new MOUs, one with China Eximbank signed in September 2013, and the other with China Development Bank, signed in June 2013. They may co-finance a project in South Sudan using World Bank standards [DB: we'll see about that, given the fighting there...].
An official from Kenya noted, "It's still early days" in this relationship, but "China is the most pragmatic development partner operating in Africa today." Someone related a story about Chinese pragmatism. A delegation from Tanzania went to Beijing with a list of vague ideas amounting to $10 bn. The Chinese looked at the list and said: "There are no bankable projects here."
Our panel had many of the same old questions about neo-colonialism, do Chinese import all their own workers, are they the largest investor, positive/negative influence, African opinion, and so on. An important point concerned procurement practices. Many Chinese companies are getting contracts on a no-bid basis. This tends to inflate costs. Competition is good. Transparency is good.
At last, a team of experienced researchers with extensive experience on official development assistance (and foreign aid), and with deep background on China, the OECD, and the Asian approach to aid and cooperation more generally, has come up with an estimate of China's total annual official development assistance (ODA) in 2013 of $7.1 billion. This fits well with the latest glimpse into official figures, when a Chinese official let slip in April 2013 that China's official aid was about $6.35 billion, and with my own estimates.
I highly recommend their paper: "Estimating China's Foreign Aid, 2001-2013 JICA-RI Working Paper No. 78, June 2014. Lead author Naohiro Kitano and his colleague Yukinori Harada have done a superb job. The methodology is carefully worked out and fully explicated.
One of the gnarly questions in estimating Chinese aid is how to treat subsidized (preferential) export credits, which like everything else out of the Chinese policy banks, seem to be growing rapidly. Kitano and Harada follow the method required by the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC), which states that export credits, no matter how concessional, cannot be considered -- by definition -- official development assistance for DAC members, as their main purpose is the promotion of a country's exports. Of course they can be counted as foreign aid, just a military aid is foreign aid. But to be comparable with the OECD countries, neither of those two should be mixed up with ODA.
From what I can see, the Chinese also follow this recommendation. Though many in China do not understand the difference between the two (this is also true for many in the OECD), the budget lines that subsidize the two different loans (concessional foreign aid loan, or "you hui dai kuan" and preferential export buyer's credits, or "you hui mai fan xin dai") are also separate, and only one, concessional foreign aid loan, is included in Chinese announcements of their foreign aid.
"200,000 Ugandans have signed up to a company believing it will cure all their illnesses and help them make a fortune. But it is more likely to do the opposite."
This is the kind of balanced, important, deeply researched reporting that China Africa specialists long for. I particularly like the interview with an authentic Chinese doctor who is at first amused by the claims being made and then, as he learns more, genuinely alarmed by their implications.
Reported by James Wan. Another great effort supported by South African Wits University's China-Africa Reporting Project.
China: Exempt from Zimbabwe's Indigenization Policy?
In southern Africa, many people believe that Chinese companies are exempt from the indigenization policy in Zimbabwe -- a requirement that firms submit plans as to how they will achieve 51 percent Zimbabwean ownership over a set period. I don't think Chinese firms have a blanket exemption. True, I have read that the tobacco buyer Tian Ze -- which has been working with indigenous Zimbabwean tobacco farmers in a contract farming arrangement, supplying inputs and credit, and purchasing their crop -- was given an exemption. There may be some other Chinese companies that have negotiated exceptions just as some other foreign firms have been trying to do, but despite the oft-stated "Chinese are exempt" belief, the evidence suggests that Chinese firm have no blanket exemption.
"Zimbabwe's Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act "(2010 Amendment) and Localization and Economic Empowerment Ministry No. 66 File 2013" provide that commercial activities in the reserved sectors must obtain localization certificates before January 1, 2014. Businesses are required to submit proof of localization options or plans. Failure to comply will be punishable by a fine, 3 to 4 months imprisonment, or both. The Chinese Embassy in Zimbabwe reminds those Chinese citizens engaged in reserved sectors, including retail and wholesale, to fully understand and comply with the relevant laws and regulations in time, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble and losses. The 14 sectors include: 1. Agriculture: food and cash crops of primary products; 2. Transportation: passenger buses, taxis and car rental services; 3. retail and wholesale; 4. barber shop, a hairdresser and a beauty salon; 5. Employment Agencies; 6. Real estate agent; 7. valet service; 8. grain milling; 9. bakery; 10. tobacco grading and packaging; 11. tobacco processing; 12. advertising agency; 13. milk processing; 14. The local art and handmade products marketing and distribution.
Comments on the website reveal a lot of confusion about the policy and how it will be implemented, but the message from the embassy is consistent: obtain your localization certificate in time or risk fines and imprisonment.
Here in Washington, I am asked a lot by people at USAID and the World Bank: why is it so hard to cooperate with China in Africa? Usually the person asking the question has in mind doing a foreign aid/development project together. It's not always clear exactly what the purpose of such cooperation is -- and I suspect that usually the subtext is "we need to teach the Chinese how to be better donors." I am collecting examples of US-China-Africa cooperation that already exist. Usually these are commercial deals where cooperation has a business rationale. This is an excellent, and more sustainable way to go.
China, Ethiopian Airlines to finance purchase of Boeing Aircraft by reporter Kaleyesus Bekele: This deal is still at an early MOU stage, but as the article notes, if it goes forward, it would involve a financing facility of $500 million from China's largest bank, ICBC, provided through a leasing vehicle, to Ethiopian Airlines, so that they could buy Boeing aircraft. Boeing, a US company, and China are "old friends". According to Boeing, more than 50 percent of the commercial jetliners operating in China are Boeing airplanes. Apparently ICBC has already been involved as a junior partner in another aircraft financing deal for the B777-200LR freighter in Ethiopia. This marks additional maturing of the China-Africa financial relationship. And it's the kind of tripartite cooperation that's likely to endure.
If anyone knows of other examples like this, please contribute.
A h/t to the Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University.
According to the Financial Times, the Chinese and the Africa Development Bank will soon announce a contribution of $2 bn to an Africa-wide investment vehicle, "Africa Growing Together Fund." Unlike most Chinese finance on the continent, this would be open to all companies to compete. If it's true (and it is still to be confirmed), this is a huge change and a very welcome one. While the multilateral banks are not immune from corruption and embezzlement challenges, they do have stakeholders that try to hold them accountable in a transparent process. That has not been the case with the Chinese policy banks. I suspect that Chinese firms will still win the majority of contracts but what an excellent tactic by a maturing Chinese leadership to make them compete internationally for their wins. This kind of competition is how companies become excellent, not by having deals handed to them, or by winning through collusion or non-competitive means. I can't wait to learn more.
Mysterious Chinese Imports from Africa?
UPDATE April 28, 2014: A paper by Africa trade expert Dr. Ron Sandrey, "Assessing South Africa's Trading Relationship with China," also raises questions about this strange gap in data for South Africa's exports to China. He wonders if perhaps it represents exports of gold (although China is itself one of the largest gold producers in the world). Chinese trade experts, do weigh in!
The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) SAIS China Africa Research Initiative (SAIS-CARI) will hold an inaugural public conference: Researching China’s Agricultural Investment in Africa: ‘Land Grabs’ or ‘Friendship Farms’? May 16, 2014 and private research workshop on May 17, 2014, in Washington, DC at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies. The goal of the conference is a deeper, comparative understanding of the motives and experiences of Chinese investors; the network of relationships: investors, governments in China (national and provincial) and in Africa, intermediaries and brokers; and the impact of their investments.
We are pleased to welcome an international group of experts from China, Mali, Mozambique, the Netherlands, the UK, South Africa, Spain, Uganda, France, and the US, presenting on a number of cases: Philippe Asanzi, Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University (DRC and Mozambique), Deborah Brautigam, Johns Hopkins-SAIS (various), Lila Buckley, International Institute for Environment and Development, London (Senegal tbc), Xiaochen Chen (Tanzania) Sérgio Chichava, Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos, (Mozambique), Solange Guo Chatelard, Max Plank Institute (Zambia), Jiao Yang, University of Florida (Ghana, Nigeria tbc), Josh Maiyo, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Uganda), Margaret Myers, Interamerican Dialogue (China in Latin America), Nama Ouattara, Université Paris-Sud (Mali), George Schoenveld, CIFOR (various), Xiaoyang Tang, Tsinghua University (Malawi), Henry Tugendhat, IDS-Sussex (various), Eckart Woertz, Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (Gulf States in Africa), Xiuli Xu, China Agriculture University (Tanzania), Jinyan Zhou, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (Angola), and others still to be confirmed.
Data and details: why did the land grab databases get it so wrong?
The business model behind China’s agro-technology demonstration centers.
The conference is free, and open to the public, although seats are limited. We will open Eventbrite for tickets one month before the conference date -- link will be at the website of the SAIS China Africa Research Initiative SAIS-CARI. To reserve a seat in advance, or to request an invitation to the private researchers workshop, please email: [email protected].
Anyone who has been to Luanda knows that the city lacks housing. The hotels are extremely expensive, and researchers have been known to rent a room in someone's house for $100 a day. Angolan president Jose dos Santos pledged to build a million new homes, between 2008 and 2012. Kilamba City was part of that promise. The idea of constructing a new town, Kilamba City, 20 km outside Luanda, where flats would be available for purchase, seemed like a good one.
A Frenchman, Pierre Falcon, the famous architect of the "Angola-gate" arms trade and corruption scandal, owns the company that oversaw the project: Pierson Capital Group. The complex was financed by ICBC, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, allegedly backed by oil-revenues. CITIC built the flats. The state-owned oil Angola was in charge of marketing the apartments (they would use those revenues to repay the loan). Chinese firms built Kilamba. And then the apartments seemed to stand empty. Visiting Western journalists photographed the long, lonely expanses of buildings. Kilamba City was filled, it seemed, by ghosts.
Until recently. Or so it seems. According to the official Angolan news agency, some 40,000 people moved into Kilamba after their families took advantage of long-term, low-cost mortgages to buy flats with prices ranging from US$70,000 to US$140,000. One account said people are standing in line for days to buy one (photo left).
The news stories on Kilamba, the "ghost town" mainly date from 2012. If it is actually now becoming a thriving town, why hasn't anyone gone back to report on it?
Readers: have you seen Kilamba? Your comments and stories are very welcome.
Update May 6, 2014: New SAIIA analysis exactly on this topic, by David Benazeraf and Ana Alves, "Oil for Housing: Chinese-Built New Towns in Angola." Highly recommended.
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Born and raised in Gary, Indiana, the Jackson brothers were guided early in their careers by their father Joseph Jackson, a steel mill crane operator and former musician, and their mother Katherine Jackson, who watched over the boys during the early years. Tito recalled playing around with his father's guitar while he was away working on Gary's steel mills. One night, Joe discovered Tito had been playing his guitar after Tito broke a string. Initially upset with his sons playing behind his back, he saw their potential and in 1964, Jackie, Tito and Jermaine formed The Jackson Brothers, including hometown friends Reynaud Jones and Milford Hite on guitar and drums respectively. By the end of the following year, the group's younger brothers Marlon and Michael joined the instrumental band playing tambourine and congas respectively.
Showing extraordinary talent at a very young age, young Michael began demonstrating his dance moves and singing ability at the age of five. Michael's moving rendition of "Climb Every Mountain" sung at his kindergarten talent show earned him a place in his brothers group. Before his eighth birthday, Michael was allowed to perform his song-and-dance routine at a talent contest held at Jackie's Roosevelt High School in Gary, helping his brothers win the competition. It was at that point that Tito's junior high school orchestra teacher Shirley Cartman began mentoring the group. She suggested replacing Jones and Hite with talented musicians Johnny Jackson (no relation) on drums and Ronnie Rancifer on keyboards. Tito moved up to lead guitar while Jermaine played bass guitar after several years as a rhythm guitarist.
Evelyn Lahaie, a local talent agent, suggested Joe to rename the group The Jackson 5 when they performed in her Tiny Tots Jamboree in Gary. After the contest win, the group began playing professional gigs in Indiana, Chicago and across the U.S. Many of these performances were in a string of black clubs and venues collectively known as the "chitlin' circuit". The group also found themselves performing at strip joints to earn money. Cartman got the Jackson 5 a record deal with Gordon Keith's local Steeltown label, and the group began making their first recordings in October 1967. Their first single, "Big Boy", was released in January 1968 and became a regional hit. This was followed by a second single, "We Don't Have to Be Over 21 (To Fall in Love)". A third, "Let Me Carry Your School Books", features Michael Jackson's singing with backing provided by The Ripples and Waves.
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What kind of education do i need to become a pre-school teacher?
If you want to teach Pre-Kindergarten in an elementary school, you need a bachelor of science degree in education. This would be a 4 year program. You would also need a license to teach in your state. The test requirements are based on what institution you attend. If you need to know anything else, let me know. This is just general information.
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9 out of 10 based on 280 ratings. 1,730 user reviews.
Section 12–3 RNA and Protein Synthesis (pages 300–306) This section describes RNA and its role in transcription and translation. The Structure of RNA(page 300) 1. List the three main differences between RNA and DNA. a. RNA has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose. b. RNA is generally single-stranded, instead of double-stranded.
Date: 2 AUTHOR: verfmealsform answers to section12-1 dna pages 287-294 NAME: KEY Biology I DNA ReplicationPeriod:Section 12-1 DNA (pages 287-294): This section tells about the experiments that helped scientists discoverthe. Section 12–1 DNA Section 12 1 DNA Answers - PDF documents Download: Section 12 1 dna answers pages 287 294..
Section 12–4 Mutations(pages 307–308) This section describes and compares gene mutations and chromosomal mutations. Introduction (page 307) 1. What are mutations? Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information. 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Chromosomal mutations result from changes in a single gene.
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How to use stored procedure for insert, update and delete using grid view control?
In this article I am going to explain you in detail all grid view operation like Insert, update, delete and select using stored procedures using ASP.net.
Most frequently we are use gridview control to display data from the database but some time we are struggle to manipulate data operation through gridview using stored procedure. For this reason I am write here one simple article to explain all operation using stored procedure.
Then I have created four separate stored procedures to manipulate data in that table.
How to insert new record using stored procedure in grid view?
Here I have insert new record details using grid view footer template. If user wants to add new record then he/ she use footer row to insert new data like below screen.
Here I am using insert_emp stored procedure to insert new record in the table.
How to update data using stored procedure in grid view?
Here I am going to explain how to update using stored procedure. I am call here previously created update_emp stored procedure to update existing record in the table.
How to delete data using stored procedure in grid view?
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" ShowFooter="true"
<asp:ImageButton ID="ImageButton1" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/img/edit.png" Width="25"
<asp:ImageButton ID="ImageButton2" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/img/delete.png" CommandName="Delete"
I hope this article is help you to know about all gridview operations using stored procedure.
Thanks! It worked and helped me a lot!
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Oliver Goldsmith was born in Ireland, the son of an Anglican clergyman. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. After briefly studying medicine at the universities of Edinburgh and Leiden, he travelled through France, Switzerland, and Italy, supporting himself by flute playing.
On arrival in London in 1756 he worked variously as a tutor, medical assistant, and magazine contributor whilst developing his talents as a poet, playwright, and novelist. His writing was greatly admired by literary contemporaries such as Samuel Johnson but his general behaviour was regarded as irresponsible and immature. Johnson wrote of him "No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his hand, or more wise when he had.". He died prematurely of kidney disease in 1774.
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William James Murray is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He first gained exposure on Saturday Night Live, a series of performances that earned him his first Emmy Award, and later starred in comedy films—including Meatballs (1979), Caddyshack (1980), Stripes (1981), Tootsie (1982), Ghostbusters (1984), Scrooged (1988), Ghostbusters II (1989), What About Bob? (1991), and Groundhog Day (1993).
Murray garnered additional critical acclaim later in his career, starring in Lost in Translation (2003), which earned him a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor, as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. He also received Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Ghostbusters, Rushmore (1998), Hyde Park on Hudson (2012), St. Vincent (2014), and the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), for which he later won his second Primetime Emmy Award. Murray received the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2016.
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Context: Cutting and processing fruit and vegetables is an art in itself. Hessing BV has mastered this craft for almost 60 years. They process fresh raw ingredients to produce ready-to-cook vegetables, processed fruits and main-course salads. They supply these to supermarkets, fast-food chains, wholesalers and (in-flight) catering companies.
Our work: ALL YOURS was asked to launch the new ‘Just’ brand for Hessing Supervers. This brand focuses on convenient healthy smoothies and snacks available for consumers and professionals. ALL YOURS developed the corporate identity, look & feel, brand name, website, brochures, packaging and POS/retail materials. The brand caused disruption on the market had a disruptive effect in the market and deals with various retailers were immediately signed.
Result: The development of this brand identity delivered in a disruptive effect in the food market. Above that, Just started partnerships wirth McDonald’s, HLM and different big retailers.
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what is the meaning of camel case?
Camel case (stylized as camelCase; also known as camel caps or more formally as medial capitals) is the practice of writing phrases such that each word or abbreviation in the middle of the phrase begins with a capital letter, with no intervening spaces or punctuation.
In computer programming CamelCase is often used as a naming convention for naming variables, arrays, and other elements. For example, $MyVariable is an example of a variable that uses CamelCase.
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In the 1st century BCE, the role of colonization gradually changed. Up to the Gracchan period, colonization had been under the control of the Senate, but the Gracchi had tried to establish colonies solely by the vote of the popular assembly. In the 1st century, colonies became the most important way for generals to reward their veteran soldiers: when they retired, they were settled in a colony founded by the general. This ensured their loyalty to their erstwhile generals and created a pool of loyal followers for the general. Since there was very little land available in Italy, Caesar and Augustus established many colonies in the provinces. The Flavian emperors also settled many colonists in various areas of the empire, as did Hadrian. The legal status of these colonies was quite different from the Republican configuration; as time progressed, colonia became an indication of a certain legal status, rather than a term to indicate a settlement consisting of settlers from elsewhere. The status of colonia carried with it specific privileges, such as a favorable tax status, as well as social prestige. As the expansion of the Roman Empire ceased, no more land was conquered from defeated peoples, so that less land was available for the settlement of colonies. Gradually a new form of colonization became more common: granting the honorary title of colonia to existing towns, without an actual influx of new settlers. In total about four hundred towns are known to have been granted the status of colonia at some point in their history, most of them as an honorific title.
There is no single monograph about Roman colonization in the imperial period, but some good overviews of more specific issues exist. Keppie 1984 lists the basis details of colonization in Italy after Augustus, which was fairly limited due to a lack of available land. Mann 1983 presents the details of veteran settlement, which was the basic reason for colonization in the 1st century and early 2nd century CE. Demougin and Scheid 2012 offers thematic and local studies on colonization; Sweetman 2011 likewise offers local studies as well as discussions on thematic issues such as local identity, colonial elites, geopolitics, and imperial cult.
Demougin, Ségolène, and John Scheid, eds. 2012. Colons et colonies dans le monde romaine. Rome: École Française de Rome.
This volume contains local studies on individual colonies (Italica, Valence, Philippi, Tergeste, Uchi Maius, Antioch-in-Pisidia, Dyrrachium, and London), as well as two thematic studies on the ownership of colonial property and colonial magistrates. The second half publishes new epigraphic material from colonies around the Roman world. It offers interesting new insights into the individual cases studies, but does not offer a complete overview of imperial colonization.
Keppie, Lawrence. 1984. Colonisation and veteran settlement in Italy in the first century A.D. Papers of the British School at Rome 52:77–114.
This article lists all colonies founded in Italy from Augustus onward. Very little land was available in Italy, so that colonization mostly took the form of adding small numbers of new settlers to existing towns. The state also tried to reclaim ager publicus that had been occupied by private individuals. These measures caused so much opposition, however, that colonization in Italy ended in the Flavian period.
Mann, J. C. 1983. Legionary recruitment and veteran settlement during the Principate. Edited by Margaret M. Roxan. London: Univ. of London.
Mann gives a very clear overview of the settlement of veterans during the principate, presenting the information in tables for settlement per legion and over time. He argues that the location of settlement was decided mostly by the availability of land, rather than strategic, economic, or cultural “civilizing” reasons. Veteran settlement therefore ceased when no more land was available.
This volume collects ten papers, some about individual colonies (Mérida, Medellín, Cordoba, Butrint, Corinth, and Cnossus) and some on more general topics such as local identity, colonial elites, geopolitics, and imperial cult. The last paper, by Woolf, draws useful general conclusions about the role of colonies in redistribution, relocation, and urbanization developments in their respective regions and the chronological development of colonization from Republic to empire.
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There is no doubt that the best form of Hajj is the Hajj at-Tamattu' (i.e. joining the ‘Umrah to the Hajj while coming out of Ihraam for a period in between).
This is the type of Hajj that we have just explained: To perform the ‘Umrah, come out of Ihraam, then put on the Ihraam for Hajj. This division between the two sacred states of Ihraam is known as “At-Tamattu'”.
Since the Prophet (صلى الله علیه وسلم) remained in his Ihraam due to his Hajj al-Qiraan, how can we say that Hajj at-Tamattu' is best when the Prophet never performed it? Is it possible that the Prophet (صلى الله علیه وسلم) abandoned that which was better?!
We must make it very clear that the Prophet (صلى الله علیه وسلم) NEVER abandoned anything that was better. However, during that time (in which he performed his only Hajj), he was unable to come out of and leave Ihraam, because he had brought his hadee along with him.
There is no doubt that whatever the Prophet (صلى الله علیه وسلم) desires to do, that is what is best (and most preferable). He would rather have performed the ‘Umrah and then come out of Ihraam (i.e. at-Tamattu'), but in reality, he already had brought the sacrificial animal with him, thus he was unable to come out of Ihraam.
So whoever has the hadee with him must remain in Ihraam “until the hadee (sacrificial animal) reaches the place (of slaughter).” [Surah Al-Baqarah: 196] This is why the Prophet (صلى الله علیه وسلم) remained in the sacred state of Ihraam until the Day of Sacrifice ([b]Yawm an-Nahr) at Minaa.
This order is only for those who are too poor or unable to purchase a hadee. They must fast three days during the Hajj. It is apparent that those three days are the Days of Tashreeq (i.e. the 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah). The remaining seven days are fasted after returning home to their families, thus completing a total of ten days.
So from any point during the journey returning home, one can complete the remaining fasts due upon him. What is important here is that one must fast three days during the Hajj, and seven days while on the road, ar after arriving home, if he is unable to procure a hadee.
This ends the description of the ordered rites of ‘Umrah and Hajj in all of its different parts. And may the peace and blessings of Allaah be on Muhammad, his family and Companions.
Translator’s Note: Hajj al-Qiraan is when the pilgrim joins the ‘Umrah and the Hajj without coming out of Ihraam in between, staying in the sacred state of Ihraam from the first time it was entered into (at the Meeqaat) until the final rite (of slaughtering the hadee (sacrificial animal).
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We are talking with Peter Lawrey about digital currencies.
What do you think is the main advantage of a digital currency vs. a classic one?
Peter Lawrey: Digital currencies have a different trust model. This allows multiple organisation and individual to co-operate with a lower level of trust required. There is less risk of hacking as the data is designed to be shared from the start. Instead of trusting central governments, people can trust the platform and/or a company which interests are known. This doesn't make the solution better but does provide a viable alternative.
One Bitcoin has a market value of more than 10.000 euros. Do you think is a proper price or just a bubble?
Peter Lawrey: The question is; if people stopped buying the coins because they believed they could sell them for a profit later, what is the fundamental value of a coin. You might wonder if a bitcoin is like a tulip, but this is not entirely fair. Bitcoins are not perishable, and they serve a useful purpose. Around 1/3 of the money miners make comes from transaction fees, not from mining. To my mind, this tells me the price is inflated, not the real value is not too far removed. Another issue is the fundamental cost of running the service compared with the revenue it raises. One estimate places the cost of running to be about 1/3rd of cost of the power it consumes. I suspect many miners find a way to pay very little for their power, possibly less than real cost, however even if they paid full rate for the power, and the mining reward disappeared as it will over time, the price at the moment is reasonable.
The problem for bitcoin as I see it is not whether the value of the digital currency market is a bubble, but whether bitcoin cannot be easily replaced by one or more better solutions. Once enough people believe there is a better place to store their money, it can be easily replaced by service(s) with a similar commercial model but are a bit better, e.g. in terms of cost of power.
Which are the current Bitcoins limitation?
Peter Lawrey: I would say the biggest limitation is it's resistance to change. Most of the other technical problems can be solved fairly easily and will be solved in other solutions. However, even a minor technical change to double the block size, something other solutions have already done, failed to happen after a lengthy debate. As it evolves, digital currencies will need to embrace much more dramatic and fundamental changes. As I see it, bitcoin advocates are too attached to arbitrary decisions made at the start, which at the time were disruptive, but over time are likely to be increasingly inadequate.
The amount of power consumption for digital currencies is huge, and in general creates pollution. Are there better alternatives? How far are we from finding an optimised solution?
Peter Lawrey: There are more optimised solutions available already. Solutions using large blocks can half the power consumption, but those using Proof of Stake use several orders of magnitude less power. Further, if we are to have a blockchain to supports IoT needs, the throughput will need to increase by 100,000s of times over Proof Of Work, and the cost of operation will need to decrease by around 1,000,000 times. The problem for bitcoins is this is entirely achievable, and Ethereum is taking a step in this direction with its move to Proof of Stake.
Can you give few starting points for someone who wants to look in creating a new digital currency?
Peter Lawrey: The best thing is to research existing solutions, many are open source. The key thing to look at is the balance between performance and the level of trust you need. If you don't need high performance, and you want a widely used solution Ethereum is a good start.
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Can avocado seeds be poisonous?
Avocado seeds are filled with a very low quantity of persin, which is a fungicidal toxin. Avocado pits have been found to be edible until they are taken in a massive quantity. Most people use the seeds in the powdered form, which they use in smoothies. The seeds are filled with fiber and antioxidants that raise their nutritional benefits.
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Where do Hurricanes occur? USA, Asia, Europe, worldwide and insurance.
Hurricanes are the most feared force of nature for the tourist, and indeed the tourist industry, but where are they most likely to occur? Incidents of hurricanes tend to be isolated to particular parts of the world, due to the fact that one of the key characteristics is hot water, which is only present in certain oceans. Certain areas of the world are more active in terms of hurricanes than others, and each of the areas has a key hurricane season, something which can be reflected in travel insurance during these periods. Below are some of the areas most affected by hurricanes, although this is a non-exhaustive list.
Many of the major hurricanes in the world each year occur in the Atlantic Ocean, with incidents being much more frequent, but not restricted to, the Western area of the ocean where the water is warmer.
Between the months of June and November there is much activity in the northern area of the Atlantic, meaning that areas such as Bermuda, Canada, Central America, the Caribbean and the eastern coasts of the United States can be affected. Travelling to these areas outside of this season does not guarantee that you will avoid hurricanes completely, but certainly the risk becomes much lower.
The most active area of the world in terms of hurricanes is the Northwest of the Pacific Ocean, where the hurricane season runs for the entire year, although there is more activity between July and November. It can presumed, therefore, that the countries in this area can be considered the most susceptible to hurricanes. These countries are the Philippines, which can be struck by up to 20 significant hurricanes a year, and many more which are considered insignificant in terms of their force and the damage they cause, China, Taiwan, and Japan.
Behind the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the most active area in terms of hurricanes is the north east Pacific Ocean, where the main hurricane season runs from May to November. The main countries affected by hurricanes are those on the western side of South America, with Mexico in particular being hard hit during this period. Eastern Canada is also affected by hurricanes during this period. The hurricanes which form in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean often affect Australia.
Between the months of October and May there is much hurricane action in the Indian Ocean, with the activity being mainly isolated to the south of the ocean. Probably the worst affected by these hurricanes is Australia, which is also affected by the Pacific Ocean activity at the same time.
The latest Eartquakes around the world.
Claiming for acts of god and Earthquake travel insurance.
Interested in travel and the natural world. Learn also about volcano holidays.
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Can Nintendo finally win the accolades on 3DS for The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask that the game never fully secured on N64? Baz Macdonald takes a look.
Even if you owned a Nintendo 64, there is a good chance that you missed Majora’s Mask as I did when it was first released in 2000. It came out in that difficult transitory phase between console generations, and so was missed by many despite the overwhelming success of its predecessor, The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time.
Majora's Mask has been as equally critically lauded as Ocarina of Time and yet isn't considered a cultural artifact in the same way due only, it seems, to the fact that fewer people got the opportunity to play it. For this reason the 3DS remake of Majora's Mask feels a more important moment than just a re-release. It's a second chance for this game to claim its rightful place as one of the best titles in the Zelda series.
What's most surprising about this remake is how little really needed to be remade. There are very few games that age well, but Majora's Mask has aged superbly. Instead of making it appear tired and dull, the last 15 years have just further revealed how innovative and sublimely envisioned Majora's Mask actually is. If this game were released for the first time in 2015 using modern graphical and audio techniques it could easily be a contender for Game of the Year.
Majora's Mask sees series hero Link battling against time itself to prevent the world being destroyed by the moon, which is falling from the sky. In true Legend of Zelda style, Link must explore the world, acquire new items and clear temples with the ultimate goal of stopping Skull Kid and the extraordinarily powerful mask of Majora. The entire game takes place in the three days leading up to the moon colliding with the planet, so Link must manipulate time in order to save the world.
Majora's Mask boasts the best narrative in any Legend of Zelda game. Its success is in part due to the reverent way it pays homage to the story elements we have come to expect and adore from this series, but also how it subverts and manipulates those very elements to create a simultaneously familiar and original experience.
Majora's Mask takes a similar approach to gameplay, providing all of the staples while introducing many new and exciting mechanics, as well as giving new approaches to old elements. The game has the same item focused puzzles and challenges, requiring you to gain certain items and think creatively about their function in order to progress. A new tier of these items is the masks in the game, which not only facilitate new gameplay options, but also change completely Link's physicality and skills as he is transformed into different races, including a bubble-shooting Deku and a barrel-rolling Goron.
The most fascinating gameplay development is in how the musical element is utilised. As in Ocarina of Time, the ocarina (and other instruments) plays an important gameplay function allowing Link to rewind time and restart the three day cycle before the moon crashes down. This makes the music an intrinsic progression element, as you think carefully about how much time you have and what can be achieved in your three days before you have to rewind and try again.
Objectives are often vague and the methods for achieving them are never clear. This is a common trait in games released prior to 2000 - and one that usually divides opinions. Some of us have grown accustomed to much clearer objective systems and find systems like the one in Majora's Mask to be a frustrating and regressive form of padding. Of course the flip-side of the frustration is the greater sense of achievement in finally figuring out a difficult challenge. Only you can know if this kind of gameplay is for you, or not.
The only aspect of Majora's Mask that truly needed extensive reworking was the graphics. Majora's Mask looks stunning on the 3DS, and takes advantage of the hardware like it has never been before. Nintendo has maintained the game’s unique visual tone and colour palette while effectively pulling the title into this decade. In fact, the dark visual tone of Majora's Mask feels like it has been properly realised for the first time. This 3DS release has revealed the true beauty of the game, maintaining this gloomy aesthetic, while making the game look bolder and more articulated than was previously possible.
The game feels right at home on the 3DS. Exploring Majora's expansive world on this tiny device is a sublime experience, and one highly recommended for both new and returning players.
Majora’s Mask for 3DS represents the best execution of the game, boasting impressive graphics and extraordinary gameplay depth.
Ups A truly exceptional narrative and gameplay experience which combines everything we love about The Legend of Zelda with a litany of new features, all wrapped up in a gorgeous graphical overhaul.
Downs Vague objectives and progression methods can be frustrating.
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In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by strong chemical bonds. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the term molecule is used less strictly and also is applied to charged organic molecules and biomolecules. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in the strict sense.
This definition has evolved as knowledge of the structure of molecules has increased. Earlier definitions were less precise defining molecules as the smallest particles of pure chemical substances that still retain their composition and chemical properties. This definition often breaks down since many substances in ordinary experience, such as rocks, salts, and metals, are composed of atoms or ions, but are not made of molecules.
In the kinetic theory of gases the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of their composition. According to this definition noble gases would also be considered molecules despite the fact that they are composed of a single non-bonded atom.
The term "molecule", from the French molécule meaning "extremely minute particle," was coined by French philosopher Rene Descartes in the 1620s. Although the existence of molecules was accepted by many chemists since the early 19th century as a result of Dalton's laws of Definite and Multiple Proportions (1803-1808) and Avogadro's law (1811), there was some resistance among positivists and physicists such as Mach, Boltzmann, Maxwell, and Gibbs, who saw molecules merely as convenient mathematical constructs. The work of Perrin on Brownian motion (1911) is considered to be the final proof of the existence of molecules.
In a molecule, at least two atoms are joined by shared pairs of electrons in a covalent bond. It may consist of atoms of the same chemical element, as with oxygen (O2), or of different elements, as with water (H2O). Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds are generally not considered single molecules.
No typical molecule can be defined for ionic (salts) and covalent crystals (network solids) which are composed of repeating unit cells that extend either in a plane (such as in graphite) or three-dimensionally (such as in diamond or sodium chloride).
The science of molecules is called molecular chemistry or molecular physics, depending on the focus. Molecular chemistry deals with the laws governing the interaction between molecules that results in the formation and breakage of chemical bonds, while molecular physics deals with the laws governing their structure and properties. In practice, however, this distinction is vague. In molecular sciences, a molecule consists of a stable system (bound state) comprising two or more atoms. Polyatomic ions may sometimes be usefully thought of as electrically charged molecules. The term unstable molecule is used for very reactive species, i.e., short-lived assemblies (resonances) of electrons and nuclei, such as radicals, molecular ions, Rydberg molecules, transition states, van der Waals complexes, or systems of colliding atoms as in Bose-Einstein condensates.
Most molecules are far too small to be seen with the naked eye, but there are exceptions. DNA, a macromolecule, can reach macroscopic sizes, as can molecules of many polymers. The smallest molecule is the diatomic hydrogen (H2), with an overall length of roughly twice the 74 picometres (0.74 Å) bond length. Molecules commonly used as building blocks for organic synthesis have a dimension of a few Å to several dozen Å. Single molecules cannot usually be observed by light (as noted above), but small molecules and even the outlines of individual atoms may be traced in some circumstances by use of an atomic force microscope. Some of the largest molecules are macromolecules or supermolecules.
The empirical formula of a molecule is the simplest integer ratio of the chemical elements that constitute the compound. For example, in their pure forms, water is always composed of a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, and ethyl alcohol or ethanol is always composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2:6:1 ratio. However, this does not determine the kind of molecule uniquely - dimethyl ether has the same ratio as ethanol, for instance. Molecules with the same atoms in different arrangements are called isomers. The empirical formula is often the same as the molecular formula but not always. For example the molecule acetylene has molecular formula C2H2, but the simplest integer ratio of elements is CH. The molecular formula reflects the exact number of atoms that compose a molecule.
The molecular mass can be calculated from the chemical formula and is expressed in conventional atomic mass units equal to 1/12th of the mass of a neutral carbon-12 (12C isotope) atom. For network solids, the term formula unit is used in stoichiometric calculations.
Molecules have fixed equilibrium geometries—bond lengths and angles— about which they continuously oscillate through vibrational and rotational motions. A pure substance is composed of molecules with the same average geometrical structure. The chemical formula and the structure of a molecule are the two important factors that determine its properties, particularly its reactivity. Isomers share a chemical formula but normally have very different properties because of their different structures. Stereoisomers, a particular type of isomers, may have very similar physico-chemical properties and at the same time very different biochemical activities.
1. All matter are composed of tiny particles called molecules.
2. There are spaces between molecules.
3. Molecules are constantly moving.
4. Molecules attract one another.
These statements together form the Molecular Theory.
Molecular spectroscopy deals with the response (spectrum) of molecules interacting with probing signals of known energy (or frequency, according to Planck's formula). Scattering theory provides the theoretical background for spectroscopy.
The probing signal used in spectroscopy can be an electromagnetic wave or a beam of particles (electrons, positrons, etc.) The molecular response can consist of signal absorption (absorption spectroscopy), the emission of another signal (emission spectroscopy), fragmentation, or chemical changes.
Spectroscopy is recognized as a powerful tool in investigating the microscopic properties of molecules, in particular their energy levels. In order to extract maximum microscopic information from experimental results, spectroscopy is often coupled with chemical computations.
The study of molecules by molecular physics and theoretical chemistry is largely based on quantum mechanics and is essential for the understanding of the chemical bond. The simplest of molecules is the hydrogen molecule-ion, H2+, and the simplest of all the chemical bonds is the one-electron bond. H2+ is composed of two positively-charged protons and one negatively-charged electron bound by photon exchange, which means that the Schrödinger equation for the system can be solved more easily due to the lack of electron–electron repulsion. With the development of fast digital computers, approximate solutions for more complicated molecules became possible and are one of the main aspects of computational chemistry.
When trying to define rigorously whether an arrangement of atoms is "sufficiently stable" to be considered a molecule, IUPAC suggests that it "must correspond to a depression on the potential energy surface that is deep enough to confine at least one vibrational state". This definition does not depend on the nature of the interaction between the atoms, but only on the strength of the interaction. In fact, it includes weakly-bound species that would not traditionally be considered molecules, such as the helium dimer, He2, which has one vibrational bound state but is so loosely bound that it is only likely to be observed at very low temperatures.
↑ 1.0 1.1 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1994). "molecule". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.
↑ Pauling, Linus (1970). General Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-65622-5.
Brown, T.L. (2003). Chemistry – the Central Science, 9th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-066997-0.
Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry, 6th Ed. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-115221-0.
Zumdahl, Steven S. (1997). Chemistry, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-669-41794-7.
This page was last edited 17:30, 9 August 2012 by wikidoc user WikiBot. Based on work by Cafer Zorkun, Scott Williams and [email protected], wikidoc user Jqin and wikidoc anonymous users Rifleman 82 and John W. Kennedy.
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Tests of significance are a statistical technology used for ascertaining the likelihood of empirical data, and, from there, for inferring a real effect, such as a correlation between variables or the effectiveness of a new treatment. Fisher, starting around 19252, standardized the interpretation of statistical significance and was the main driving force behind its popularity in empirical research, especially in the social and behavioral sciences. However, Fisher's tests are often carried out as a null hypothesis testing procedure, a pseudo-scientific procedure partly initiated by Fisher himself. I, thus, bring tests of significance up to a sounder scientific procedure in this article (or the Fisher-Perez's procedure).
In a nutshell, a test of significance works by establishing a theoretical distribution adequate to the data at hand, calculating the probability of the data under such distribution (p-values), contrasting the p-values against a pre-selected level of significance (eg, 5%), deciding whether the results are statistically significant or not, and inferring any research effects, as appropriate.
A typical test of significance is based on two procedures. The probability of the data within a theoretical distribution is calculated first, then a decision is made regarding whether such probability is statistically significant or not. Both procedures are normally presented as a unique, seamless one, although this is not so.
The calculus of the probability of the data returns two statistics: a test statistic (eg, z, t, F…) and an associated probability (p, sig4).
Most test statistics locate the observed data within a theoretical distribution, which also provides the null hypothesis for the test. However, the information derived from this statistic is of little immediate usability and, thus, can be ignored.
The p-value, on the other hand, describes such location as a probability, which is the statistic ultimately used for deciding about statistical significance. The p-value may sometimes be expressed as an exact probability (eg, p=0.013), although it is most often expressed as a categorical probability (eg, p<0.05 and p<0.01, or as '*' and '**' in tables, respectively). It may sometimes be expressed as a nominal probability applicable to all tests in the research (eg, all p-values < 0.05)5.
An assessment of statistical significance is made upon p-values small enough that may be interpreted as a rare occurrence under the null hypothesis. Conventional levels of significance are 5% (0.05) and 1% (0.01), although the researcher may establish any other threshold considered appropriate to the research at hand. P-values larger than the threshold are considered non-significant and are typically ignored from further discussion. P-values equal to, or more extreme (smaller) than, the threshold are considered statistically significant, leading to an appropriate inference of real effects.
The test statistics are z (normality test), F (equality of variance test), and r (correlation)7. Each p-value indicates, with more or less precision, the probability of that statistic under their corresponding null hypothesis (conventionally, '*' stands for p≤0.05). Assuming a conventional level of significance (0.05, or 5%), all tests are, thus, statistically significant. The correlation statistic provides information which is usable directly7, being possible to infer a medium-to-high correlation between two variables. The test statistics 'z' and 'F' do not provide immediate useful information, and any inference about them require the calculation of descriptive statistics, such as skewness and kurtosis for inferring normality (z), and group means and variances for inferring group differences (F).
P-values are often misinterpreted as "significance" statistics. For example, the statistical package SPSS reports p-values under the label 'sig', while some authors refer to p-values simply as 'significance'. However, as introduced earlier, the calculus of probabilities is a step independent from the interpretation of statistical significance, and proper labeling could help avoid current mix-ups. The solution proposed here is to reserve the notations of 'p' for p-values, and 'sig' for significance levels.
P-values are further confused with the actual level of significance in a more insidious way. Indeed, most categorical and nominal uses of p-values are "forced to share", unbeknownst to the researcher, a dual role, so that, for example, p<0.05 is typically used both for indicating the probability of the results being smaller than 5% (p<0.05) and for interpreting the same results as being significant at the 5% conventional level (sig<0.05). The use of the reserved notations 'p' and 'sig' should help prevent such mix-up, as much as the use of exact levels of probabilities instead of categorical or nominal p-values.
Finally, the significance level is also confused with a type I error (from Neyman-Pearson's procedure). Thus, it is often noted as 'alpha' (or 'α'). The use of the reserved notations 'sig' for significance and 'α' for type I error should help prevent such mix-up.
Tests of significance are commonly misused in two accounts: they are used as a hypothesis testing procedure (instead of Bayes's), and they are mixed up with steps from a related procedure (Neyman-Pearson's) to form a seamless procedure for hypothesis testing. Such misuse leads to misinterpretations, by placing the interpretation of empirical results at the fringe between science and pseudoscience. Illustration 1 summarises how the procedure of tests of significance can be used either way with easy, thus care is needed in order to avoid using it in a pseudoscientific manner. Furthermore, being able to re-interpret a pseudoscientific interpretation into a scientific one is critical because pseudoscientific interpretations are commonplace and the publication record is rarely changed retroactively.
A main misuse of tests of significance is assuming they test null and alternative hypotheses. In reality, what they test is the probability of data under the null hypothesis (ie, assuming the null hypothesis is true). Given a significant result, it is possible to infer an effect different from the one expected under the null hypothesis, yet the hypothesis itself is never put to test.
Another misuse is to mix Fisher's procedure with Neyman-Pearson's procedure, as when setting alternative hypotheses, interpreting significance (and p-values) as the probability of making judgement errors (Type I errors), and rejecting null hypothesis or accepting alternative ones when results are statistically significant. In reality, Fisher's procedure only considers one hypothesis, the null hypothesis. An alternative hypothesis is unnecessary (it is not tested) and redundant (it simply is the negation of the null). And because no hypothesis is tested, they cannot be rejected or accepted, properly speaking. Furthermore, the level of significance cannot be interpreted as the probability of making a judgement error under Fisher's approach, even when it can be so interpreted under Neyman-Pearson's approach. Both procedures have different working parameters and, thus, shouldn't be mixed up.
"…there was a significant correlation between mean bigram frequency and word accuracy [correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.51 for baboon VIO to 0.80 for baboon DAN, all P values < 0.05…]" (Grainger et al, published in Science 2012, p.248).
In this commentary we can find a pseudoscientific use of tests of significance and the confusion highlighted earlier. The p-value has the dual role of being both a nominal p-value (all p-values are smaller than 0.05) as well as an indicator of the level of significance (all p<0.05 are considered significant at the conventional 5% level, sig<0.05). Results are thus taken to represent a true effect (accept Ha = real correlations) rather than being a statistical indicator from which to infer such true effect9.
In order to prevent a pseudoscientific conclusion, the same results should be understood as meaning: "the observed results had a chance of less than 5% of occurring under the null hypothesis (p<0.05)8, and we considered them to be statistically significant at a typical conventional level (sig<0.05). Therefore, we can infer the existence of a correlation between mean bigram frequency and word accuracy both for baboon VIO (r=0.51) and for baboon DAN (r=0.80)."
A test of significance works by generating a theoretical distribution using the sample's statistics, if appropriate. Depending on the test statistic to be used, such distribution may be a Gaussian (normal) distribution, a t-distribution, an F-distribution, a binomial distribution, a Poisson distribution, a chi-squared distribution, etc. This distribution thus become the "null" distribution, providing both a 'null hypothesis' for the test and the space to locate the observed data and estimate their probability. Therefore, the resulting distribution is always the distribution of the null hypothesis and the location of the observed data in this distribution is simply a description of how probable the data are under the null hypothesis (ie, always assuming the null hypothesis is true).
If the location of the observed data (p-value) is extreme enough that it rarely occurs as random fluctuation under the null hypothesis, the data can be considered as statistically significant (ie, worthy of attention). If deemed statistically significant, then it can be inferred that the null hypothesis is not explanatory enough for that data and that another hypothesis, the so called 'alternative hypothesis' or 'research hypothesis', may provide the explanation sought.
The following procedure should be considered a compromise between a literal understanding of tests of significance and current pseudoscientific use. This compromise seems appropriate because of the high prevalence of the later case and the absence of the former, which could see research work and scientific articles rejected if straying too far off the current pseudoscientific understanding. Using this compromise, such research work may perhaps be interpreted as punctilious but not necessarily wrong. Meanwhile, researchers can progress further into an advanced use of literal tests of significance if so wished.
Set up or assume a statistical null hypothesis (Ho). Setting up a null hypothesis helps clarify the aim of the research. However, such hypothesis can also be assumed, given that null hypotheses, in general, are nil hypothesis and can be easily 'reconstructed'. A null hypothesis is such that, for example, it will not be possible to infer any significant mean differences between groups, that it will not be possible to infer any significant correlation between variables, or that it will not be possible to infer any significant differences in variance between groups.
Ho: Given our sample results, we will be unable to infer a significant correlation between the dependent and independent research variables.
Ho: It will not be possible to infer any statistically significant mean differences between the treatment and the control groups.
Ho: We will not be able to infer that this variable's distribution significantly departs from normality.
Decide on an appropriate level of significance for assessing results. Conventional levels are 5% (sig<0.05, or a similar result occurring under the null hypothesis less than 1 time in 20) or 1% (sig<0.01, or a similar result occurring under the null hypothesis less than 1 time in 100). However, the level of significance can be any 'threshold' the researcher considers appropriate for the intended research (thus, it could be 0.02, 0.001, 0.0001, etc). If required, label such level of significance as 'significance' or 'sig' (ie, sig<0.05); thus, avoid labeling it as 'p' (so not to confuse it with 'p-values') or as 'alpha' or 'α' (so not to confuse it with 'alpha' tolerance errors).
Decide between a one-tailed or a two-tailed statistical test. A one-tailed test assesses whether the observed results are either significantly higher or smaller than the null hypothesis, but not both. Thus, one-tailed tests are appropriate when testing that results will only be higher or smaller than null results, or when the only interest is on interventions which will result in higher or smaller outputs. A two-tailed test, on the other hand, assesses both possibilities at once. It achieves so by dividing the total level of significance between both tails, which also implies that it is more difficult to get significant results than with a one-tailed test. Thus, two-tailed tests are appropriate when the direction of the results is not known, or when the researchers wants to check both possibilities in order to prevent making mistakes.
Obtain and report the probability of the data (p). It is recommended to use the exact probability of the data, that is the 'p-value' (eg, p=0.011, or p=0.51). This exact probability is normally provided together with the pertinent statistic test (z, t, F…) either as 'p' or as 'sig' (significance)4. However, when necessary (eg, for reducing the size of a table), 'p-values' can also be reported in a categorical (eg, * for p<0.05, ** for p<0.01) or nominal manner (p<0.05)5.
'P-values' can be interpreted as the probability of getting the observed or more extreme results under the null hypothesis (eg, p=0.033 means that 3.3 times in 100, or 1 time in 33, we will obtain the same or a more extreme results as normal [or random] fluctuation under the null).
'P-values' are considered as statistically significant if they are equal or smaller than the chosen significance level. This is the actual test of significance as it interprets those 'p-values' falling beyond the threshold as 'rare' enough as to deserve attention.
If results are accepted as statistically significant, it can be inferred that the null hypothesis is not explanatory enough for the observed data.
All test statistics and associated exact 'p-values' can be reported as descriptive statistics, independently of whether they are statistically significant or not.
As per Fisher (19593), significant results can be reported in the line of "Either an exceptionally rare chance has occurred, or the theory of random distribution is not true" (p.39). Eg, "In regards to this correlation, either a rare chance has occurred (p=0.01), or the hypothesis of nil correlation between these variables is not true."
As per Conover (19801), significant results can be reported in the line of "Without the treatment I administered, experimental results as extreme as the ones I obtained would occur only about 3 times in 1000. Therefore, I conclude that my treatment has a definite effect" (p.2). Eg, "This correlation is so extreme that it would only occur about 1 time in 100 (p=0.01). Thus, it can be inferred that there is a significant correlation between these variables."
Discussion: As we obtained statistically significant results, we can infer a correlation between the dependent and independent research variables.
Discussion: Without the administered treatment, results as extreme as the ones I obtained would occur about 1 time in 100 (p=0.01). Thus, it can be inferred that the treatment does have a positive effect.
Discussion: Given our results, and unless an exceptionally rare chance has occurred (p=0.04), we can infer that this variable is not normal.
1. CONOVER WJ (1980). Practical nonparametric statistics (2nd ed). John Willey & Sons (New York, USA), 1980. ISBN 0471084573.
2. FISHER Ronald A (1925). Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver and Boyd (Edinburgh, UK), 1925.
3. FISHER Ronald A (1959). Statistical methods and scientific inference (2nd ed). Oliver and Boyd (Edinburgh, UK), 1959.
4. This reflects the current level of confusion in statistics, in general. SPSS, for example, provides exact 'p-values' under the label 'sig'. Properly speaking, what SPSS is providing is the 'p-value' of the observed data within the null distribution. The 'significance' level, however, is a nominal 'p-value' that the researcher selects as a cut-off point for interpreting the observed 'p-values' as being either statistically significant or not (eg, sig<0.05 implies that all p<0.05 will be deemed significant); thus neither it is calculated statistically nor it depends on mathematical formulas.
5. Make sure you understand the difference between a 'p-value' expressed categorically or nominally and a level of significance. A 'p-value' such as 'p<0.05' or '*' indicates that the observed result has a 'p-value' lesser than 0.05, independently of whether such result is interpreted as statistically significant or not. It also allows for using 'p<0.01' or '**' as a more extreme 'p-value' category, thus, as stronger evidence against the null hypothesis. In contrast, 'sig<0.05' only indicates that you will consider all 'p-values' smaller than 0.05 as statistically significant. As it is easy to confuse these two concepts, try to express 'p-values' as exact probabilities, and avoid using categorical or nominal expressions for 'p-values' as much as possible. Also, beware that 'sig' is commonly confused for, thus written as, 'p' or 'α' in research articles and statistics books alike, while 'p' is written as 'sig' in SPSS outputs.
6. "Honest" means honest to the philosophical and mathematical underpinnings of Fisher's tests of significance. Such interpretation is rarely found in the literature, and is not even used extensively by Fisher or Conovan. Indeed, Fisher was more than happy to interpret significant results as evidence of the existence of an effect rather than merely as evidence against the null hypothesis. Yet an "honest" or literal interpretation, albeit somewhat cumbersome, makes clear the working of the test: the location of the observed data within the theoretical distribution of the null hypothesis, resulting in the probability of that data assuming the null hypothesis is correct.
7. The statistic 'r' is not a test statistic but the correlation coefficient proper. The significance of this correlation is tested against a t-distribution, from where the p-value is obtained.
8. Preferably, authors should use exact p-values, rather than nominal or categorical ones.
9. In reality, what are significant are not the correlations themselves but the t-tests done on the correlations, leading to the rejection of both null hypotheses and, thus, to the provisional inference that such correlations are true, pending further confirmation.
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where is the metric connection of , which is still a flat metric but not the Minkowski metric . The additional terms involving which appear, are inertial forces.
The principle of equivalence requires that gravitational forces, a well as inertial forces, should be given by an appropriate . In this case we can no longer take the spacetime to be flat. The simplest generalization is to keep as the metric connection, but now take it to be the metric connection of a non- flat metric. If we are to interpret the as force terms, then it follows that we should regard the as potentials. The field equations of Newtonian gravitation consist of second- order partial differential equations in the potential . In an analogous manner, we would expect that General Relativity also to involve second order partial differential equations in the potentials . The remaining task which will allow us to build a relativistic theory of gravitation is to construct this set of partial differential equations. We will do this shortly but first we must define a quantity that quantifies spacetime curvature.
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These recordings are freely available on the BBC Radio 4 site, but only as realmedia stream, requiring a specific player etc - not entirely convenient.
Bettany takes a deeper look into Florence and the Medici - swiftly debunking all the myths about the Renaissance and putting it into the context of a continuum of change. Writers from Petrarch to Ficino and beyond are largely responsible for the honeyed perception we have of this period.
Through the many experts that accompany Bettany Hughes in these recordings, we receive wonderful insights into what the Renaissance really was - more than an art movement, more than a rebirth of classical ideas, but an amalgamation of myriad factors which helped propel Europe toward a modern age, but also drew quite heavily on knowledge from the East - something which writers like Vasari, Voltaire, Burckhardt and Gibbon are quite dismissive of.
This is an interesting line: "an amalgamation of myriad factors which helped propel Europe toward a modern age, but also drew quite heavily on knowledge from the East". Which East were they referring to, and what areas of knowledge?
I'd recommend Bettany's description of this in part 2.
To give a hint - she was looking at a middle ages Arabic version of Ptolemy's ancient treatise on astrononmy, Almagest This amazing work from antiquity was lost to Western Europe at this time, yet only when it appeared in the 16th Century is seen to have 'emerged from the darkness' - we must be cautious to note that this darkness was quite localised to Western Europe!
Thanks for these links! I think this bit about the East is interesting as well. I'm always fascinated by the Eastern/Islamic connections with Venice during the 15th and 16th centuries, so I'll be interested to see what Bettany says in regards to the Renaissance in Florence.
M: In regard to Venice consider that the Turkish Sultan (50 years after the fall of Constantiniple) had to import Giovanni Bellini's brother, Gentile, to paint his portrait. However, the Sultan did make a contribution: he cut off a slave's head in front of the shocked painter in order to show him the correct way to depict a severed head!
H: The Almagest appeared in Western Europe long before the 16th century. Pope Nicholas ordered a translation in the mid-15th century but it was known even before then. I don't understand how Ptolomy, the great exponent of the geocentric theory and the favorite of the sterile Aristotelian academics, is responsible for the Renaissance art you love so much.
About your trip to Florence. Don't expect to stand in front of the Primavera in hushed silence. You will be jostled by crowds of tourists, many from the "East." Also, please have your hotel book a reservation for you or else you will have to wait hours on line.
Finally, I hope your planning to go to the restored Brancacci chapel, the source of much of the naturalism that characterized the Ren. It's in a nice neighborhood across the Arno with some nice outdoor restaurants.
I was paraphrasing what is explored further in the programs. In this instance - Bettany Hughes was describing the perception of the Renaissance as the rebirth of classical ideas, and how due to writers such as Petrarch and Vasari the notion of the 'Dark Ages' seems to have spread and enveloped the whole of the world. As we are better aware of now, this was far from the case.
Arabic copies of Almagest have been sourced to the 8th Century, and the first copy appeared in Europe(Spain) in the 12th Century due to this Arabic connection. She also of course mentions the Byzantine and monastic traditions of preserving classical works, which were so actively pursued by the Medici in the 14th century onwards.
Carlo Ridolfi's apocryphal tale of Bellini's experience is useful as a caricature of Venetian perceptions of their Eastern rivals, but nothing much more than that. In many instances, his Vite is as crammed full of warped anecdotes as Vasari's work.
@M - Sultan Mehmet II was singularly interested in Italian Art, which was quite atypical for an Islamic leader at that time. We are told he invited both Leonardo and Michelangelo to Istanbul on various occasions to work on artistic and architectural projects, but political circumstances prevented this from being realised.
It would have been amazing to have Michelangelo design a bridge to span the Bosphorous Strait, connecting the East and the West physically as well as symbolically!
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How do I hire a Senior Accountant? The Senior Accountant is responsible for performing financial reporting, forecasting, budgeting and analysis functions integral to supporting the business operations of The Thread Shop, Sony Music’s centralized merchandising company.
• Managing the full Sony Music Merchandising (The Thread Shop, a Division of the Commercial Music Group) P&L and balance sheet. This includes being responsible for revenue, cost of sales, royalty expense, operational/overhead expense and balance sheet analysis.
• Preparing the monthly close, all related monthly journal entries, reporting and periodic artist/label P&L’s for the business unit.
• Participating in the preparation of the annual business plan and monthly forecasts.
• Monitoring overhead spending against budgets.
• Collaborating with the Commercial Music Group SVP of Finance and The Thread Shop to set short and long term operational goals.
• Working with Label Finance, Release Planning, and the Royalties group to ensure proper communication channels exist.
• Ensuring timely invoicing of customers and collection.
• Reviewing artist royalty statements and coordinate with the Royalties group to ensure timely rendering.
• Providing financial support/analysis for potential new rights acquisitions and pricing analysis for new and existing products.
• Assisting/supporting the integration of The Thread Shop into Sony Music’s systems and processes.
• Developing a keen understanding of The Thread Shop Retail, Tour, and Licensing revenue streams for operational support and continuous development of best practices.
• Invoicing customers after confirming proof of delivery.
• Ensuring proper accounting of revenues, costs, and artist royalties.
• Managing the AtVenu system – ensure data integrity, utilize data to prepare tour accountings and analysis.
• Preparing and reviewing artist tour accounting statements.
• Booking journal entries to reflect tour activity.
• Tracking artist deal terms and advances against recoupment.
• Tracking license deal terms and advances against earnings.
• Managing cash receipts for licenses.
• Journalizing revenue and coordinating with the Royalties group to record artist expenses.
• Experience with SAP and Hyperion business software preferred.
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How do I Determine Population & Sample Size?
In statistics, two of the most important concepts are populations and sample sizes. A study needs an adequate sample size to mean anything. For example, a study could say that a baseball player who hits two home runs at four at bats in a game hits a home run 50 percent of the time. This sample size is too small to be meaningful. The population is also important as it defines what the study is looking at as a whole.
Write out the fact of the study. For example, a statistician studies the effects of health food on high school students in a small town. The statistician studies 40 students at a high school of 250.
Determine the total population of the study. The population will always be the bigger number of the sample size and population. The population is the whole group of people being studied. In the example, the population is the size of the high school being studied, so 250 people.
Determine the sample size of the study. The sample size is the number of people who the statistician examines. In the example, the statistician examined 40 students, so the sample size is 40 people.
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Pat Conroy, born in Atlanta in 1945, was the first of seven children of a young career military officer from Chicago and a Southern beauty from Alabama, whom Pat often credited for his love of language. The Conroys moved frequently to military bases throughout the South, with Conroy eventually attending The Citadel Military Academy in Charleston, South Carolina, where, as a student, he published his first book, The Boo, a tribute to a beloved teacher. Following graduation, Conroy taught English in Beaufort, where he met and married a young mother of two children who had been widowed during the Vietnam War.
He soon took a job teaching underprivileged children in a one-room schoolhouse on Daufuskie Island off the South Carolina shore but, after a year, was fired for his unconventional teaching practices such as his refusal to allow corporal punishment of his students and for his personal differences with the school's administration. Conroy was never to teach again, but he evened the score by exposing the racism and appalling conditions his students endured with the publication of a memoir, The Water is Wide in 1972. The book won Conroy a humanitarian award from the National Education Association and was made into the feature film Conrack.
Following the birth of a daughter, the Conroys moved to Atlanta, where Pat wrote his novel, The Great Santini, published in 1976, and later made into a film starring Robert Duvall. It explored the conflicts of the author's childhood, particularly his ambivalent love for his violent and abusive father. The publication of a book that so painfully exposed his family's secret brought Conroy a period of tremendous personal desolation. This crisis resulted not only in his divorce, but the divorce of his parents; his mother presented a copy of The Great Santini to the judge as "evidence" in divorce proceedings against his father. The Citadel became the subject of his next novel, The Lords of Discipline, published in 1980. The novel exposed the school's harsh military discipline and racism.
Conroy remarried and moved from Atlanta to Rome, where he began The Prince of Tides, which, when published in 1986, became his most successful book. Reviewers immediately acknowledged Conroy as a master storyteller and a poetic and gifted prose stylist. This novel has become one of the most beloved of modern time. With over five million copies in print, it has earned Conroy an international reputation. The Prince of Tides was later made into a highly successful feature film directed by and starring Barbra Streisand, as well as actor Nick Nolte, whose performance won him an Oscar nomination.
Beach Music (1995), Conroy's sixth book, is the story of Jack McCall, an American who moves to Rome to escape the trauma and painful memory of his young wife's suicidal leap off a bridge in South Carolina. While he was on tour for Beach Music, members of his Citadel basketball team began appearing, one by one, at his book signings around the country. Conroy realized that his team members had come back into his life just when he needed them most. He began reconstructing his senior year, his last year as an athlete, and the 21 basketball games that changed his life. The result of these recollections, along with his insights into his early aspirations as a writer, became My Losing Season.
Conroy's fifth novel and ninth book, South of Broad offers readers a love letter to the city of Charleston. It also presents a Conroy first: a totally lovable father in the character of Leo Bloom King, the story's central figure.
He followed the novel with The Pat Conroy Cookbook. His next book, My Reading Life, published in 2010, is a celebration of reading and the books that most influenced him. In his next book, The Death of Santini (2013) Conroy revisits one last time his tortured family, where he describes his father's surprising evolution into a father he could finally love.
Conroy lived in Beaufort, South Carolina with his wife, novelist Cassandra King until his death in 2016. A Lowcountry Heart: Reflections on a Writing Life was published in 2016. It is a nonfiction collection of letters, interviews, and magazine articles spanning Conroy's career, supplemented by pieces from some of the author's friends.
All the books below are recommended as readalikes for Pat Conroy but some maybe more relevant to you than others depending on which books by the author you have read and enjoyed. So look for the suggested read-alikes by title linked on the right.
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Know what types of clothes to look for. You should look for clothes that were grown organically; that is, without the use of pesticides. Do know that organic farming causes much fewer greenhouse emissions, and uses 50% less energy than traditional farming methods.
Another thing you can look out for are clothes that are made with eco-friendly fiber. Eco-friendly fiber refers to plants such as bamboo, hemp, linen and soy; these plants are easily grown and highly sustainable, and their disposal poses less strain on the environment than other materials.
Finally, you could look for clothes that are made with eco-friendly or low-impact dyes. These dyes are shirt coloring that have no toxins and pose less harm to the environment.
Check out online sites. There are so many online stores where you could buy eco-friendly clothing. To cut back on your hunt, make use of this handy listing of online stores that sell organic apparel, and other types of products as well (such as accessories and beauty products). Some other websites worth checking out include the following: thegreenloop.com, nigelsecostore.com, omunky.com, fashionandearth.com and ecofashionworld.com.
Go to mainstream brands that offer eco-friendly lines. An easier alternative is to shop your go-to brands, but head to their lines that are produced in eco-friendlier manners. Some examples? American Apparel (with their shirts made of 20% organic materials), Levi’s, Zara, and REI.
Sign up for newsletters that will help you become more ecologically aware. If you want to take your environmental awareness a notch higher, you might want to sign up for newsletters that will help you learn of tips that will help you do your part in saving the environment. Plus, joining a community of environmental enthusiasts will help you get connected to the best places where you can get great deals on eco-friendly clothing. Some sites you could visit include: treehugger.com, green-living-made-easy.com and eco-friendlydaily.com.
There you have it! These are just some of the best guidelines to help you find eco-friendly stores where you can buy clothing that you won’t just enjoy, but will help save the environment, too. Do remember, however, that eco-friendly apparel typically costs more than their traditionally-made counterparts, so be prepared to shell out a little bit more money to buy these items. You might want to settle for clothing made with combination organic fiber and traditional cotton, so you can balance costs with your advocacy. Finally, another great alternative for you is to buy second-hand clothing from thrift stores. The more vintage you buy, the more clothes you are keeping out of landfills!
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What are the pros and cons of operating on a balanced-budget?
Few issues are more complicated, contentious and controversial in contemporary American politics than balancing the federal government's budget. Those who argue in favor of a balanced budget offer many claims about the deleterious impacts of huge federal debt. Others counter that balanced budgets would drastically limit the government's ability to ward off economic or foreign threats.
Ultimately, proponents of balanced budgets like that it restricts the power and scope of the government. Their opponents want the government to afford wide-reaching power.
Interestingly, the most frequently cited reason for balancing the budget – that it robs future generations to pay for present expenses – is mostly incorrect. The government eventually has to pay back Treasury bonds (T-bonds), so future bondholders will receive nominal payments that are at least as large as the money lent today.
Several other factors haven't been addressed, including inflation, crowding out and the general inefficiency of government spending. It's likely that the future economy will be smaller and less productive because of federal borrowing, but it isn't because today's beneficiaries are stealing from future generations; it's because government activity hurts economic growth.
One particularly poignant critique of large debt is that it makes the U.S. government too vulnerable to interest rate fluctuations. If interest rates rise too quickly (potentially to fight inflation), the government would find it very difficult to afford interest payments on the national debt, leading to default or still higher inflation.
Keynesian economic theory suggests that deficit spending can help an economy fight recessions. Most Keynesians also support (at least in theory) paying off the debt during boom years. However, they want the power to spend beyond tax receipts to boost aggregate demand and the gross domestic product (GDP).
Most arguments against balanced budgets come from the recipients of the largest spending programs, such as Social Security, welfare, Medicare and the military. Even if those groups support a balanced budget in theory, they are practically opposed to the steps likely required for its execution.
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0.999749 |
Design a Signage for an Italian Restaurant..
Sir, I'm interested in compete in your project. View my profile, my works and my references. If you are interested to work with me don't hesitate to contact me.
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0.999686 |
The outlets and plugs used in United States are A & B. Take a look at the pictures below to see what each plug and outlet type looks like.
All sockets in United States provide a standard voltage of 120V with a frequency of 60Hz.
The standard frequency in United States is 60Hz.
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0.981894 |
Two police officers wept as they tried to resuscitate one of the 96 fans fatally injured at Hillsborough, one of his friends told the new inquests jury.
Stanley Mullin said an officer had "tears in his eyes" as he said he could not do any more for Eric Hughes, 42.
The policemen gave mouth-to-mouth and heart massage to the father-of-two from Warrington, while Mr Mullin rubbed his friend's hand, saying: "Come on, Eric!"
The court also heard about the final movements of 18-year-old Paul Clark.
Mr Mullin and Mr Hughes had travelled to Sheffield on 15 April 1989 to watch Liverpool play Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup semi-final.
Mr Hughes' son David, who was 17 at the time of the disaster, previously told the court how his father - who had worked as a lorry driver, a taxi driver and a salesman - was nicknamed "Eric The Red" because of his devotion to Liverpool FC.
He told the hearing of his sorrow that his father had not lived to meet his grandchildren, and that he never "got to buy my dad a pint".
The friends went into pen three together on the Leppings Lane terraces but were separated after a crowd surge, the hearing was told.
Mr Mullin managed to escape through a gate at the front of the stand, which he said had been opened by a police officer.
He later saw Mr Hughes being lifted off the terraces and laid on the pitch. The jury heard he was placed near the goal line at 15:26 BST - 20 minutes after the match was halted.
PC Neil Mutch was giving Mr Hughes chest compressions while his colleague PC Barbara Hardwick - now Barbara Woodward - gave him the kiss of life.
Mr Hughes was unresponsive, the jury heard.
Mr Mullin said: "I was rubbing Eric's hand. I was talking to Eric while rubbing his hands, saying, 'Come on Eric! Come on!'"
Mr Mullin said the officers, who were both crying, eventually stopped.
He said: "The chap just looked up at me with tears in his eyes and said: 'I'm sorry I can't do any more.' They were so upset."
In a statement, Mr Mutch said that after seeing Mr Hughes he was "in a very bad state", while Mrs Woodward was "very upset".
Mrs Woodward told the court she had "blocked out" a lot of what happened on the day of the disaster.
The court heard how the officers stopped giving first aid after a man who said he was a doctor told them Mr Hughes had died.
Paul Clark was an apprentice electrician from Derbyshire. His parents described him as a "lovely young man" who was "fun-loving and caring".
He went to the match with his father, Kenneth, and a friend, Andrew Booth.
Mr Booth, who was with his friend inside pen three, said Mr Clark moved towards the front of the enclosure shortly before kick-off.
"I would have said he was pushed forward by the crowd," Mr Booth said.
He did not see his friend alive again and said that after kick-off the pressure in the enclosure intensified.
Matthew Hill, a barrister representing the coroner, said there was no video or eyewitness evidence showing how Mr Clark made it off the terraces.
After the disaster Mr Clark's father, who had a seated ticket for the match, waited for his son at a meeting point. When he did not turn up, he went to a nearby police station for help.
Mr Clark eventually called his wife, Susan, who travelled to Sheffield that evening.
They later identified their son's body in the stadium's gymnasium.
The inquests, in Warrington, Cheshire, are due to resume on Thursday.
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0.998767 |
Is anemia common in CdLS?
To my knowledge there is no association between anemia and CdLS. I have heard of several children with anemia, but most likely it is because anemia is common rather than associated directly with CdLS. The most likely cause of anemia in childhood is iron-deficiency anemia. There are certain parameters that determine if anemia is due to iron deficiency such as the size of the red blood cells (small) and other measurements on the blood count. Dietary insufficiency is one cause, and is so common that physicians often treat empirically (without an actual diagnosis) and see if it resolves.
For iron deficiency, the usual treatment is iron supplementation (based on weight) for two months, ideally taken with vitamin C (such as orange juice) to increase absorption. Other causes of anemia include: lead poisoning (have a lead level checked if a cause is unclear), chronic blood loss (e.g. stool, nosebleeds, menstruation, etc.), and genetic causes (inherited disorders of blood which can be screened for on a blood test – e.g. sickle cell disease in African-Americans, thalassemia, spherocytosis, etc.). If physicians cannot determine a cause of the anemia, they may recommend testing the bone marrow to search for rarer causes.
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0.997683 |
==About The Future Of Mankind== ===What is this Wiki about?=== This [http://en.wikipedia.org/Wiki Wiki] is essentially about all aspects of Billy Meier's contacts with extraterrestrial human beings. Who they are. Who he is. Why they came here and what they talked about during the contact experiences. These contact experiences were face-to-face and telepathic. ===What are the goals of the website?=== # The first goal is to become the definitive resource of all known English-language translations of information originally in German produced by [[Eduard Albert Meier|Billy Meier]]. It has probably already achieved this goal. # The second goal is to assist with the education of mankind in the truth about our origin, ourselves, our world, our future and the universe, both spiritual (fine-matter) and material (coarse-matter). Of course the truth is disputed and you will have to decide for yourself whether everything here is probably true or not, given the facts stated here and your life experiences that affect your judgement powers. # A third goal is to allow any human being to take part in the evolution of this website. It uses a technology called MediaWiki that essentially provides a relatively easy-to-use word processing/editing interface. Just create an account and off you go. You would be advised to read [[Contributing Content]] if you would like to try add some content. # A fourth goal is to keep it free to read and use. ===Who is the owner?=== The webmaster, owner and one of the main contributors of this Wiki is [[User:Jamesm|James Moore]] who created it in order to help humanity in the most appropriate way that he could at this time. James has obtained ''[[Billy_Meier:Current_events#23rd_March_2008|approval]]'' (or rather has received notice of no disapproval) from [[Billy]] via [[Christian Frehner]] to further develop this website. See [[Main_Page#Impressum_.2F_Copyright_.2F_Disclaimer|Impressum / Copyright / Disclaimer]] ===Why is the word "alleged" or "believed" not used here?=== The syntax of the text contained within this website is derived from the presumption of fact. In other words, there is proof beyond reasonable doubt that Mr Meier's claims are true. Anyone of a logical and non-materialistically oriented mind can come to this conclusion by reading the entirety of this website. Therefore the words ''"alleged"'' and ''"believed"'' are not used here as would be expected from an encyclopedia, such as Wikipedia, that states itself to only publish ''the opinions of reliable authors, and not the opinions of Wikipedians who have read and interpreted primary source material for themselves'' which is a flawed statement in itself since the criteria for ''reliable'' can be disputed and is corrupted by the currently materialistic thinking processes of the Earth human being. ==How To Help== Please see [[How can I help?]].
Return to Future Of Mankind:About.
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0.991077 |
Write out a list of all of the people who love you. Close your eyes and visualize them gathered in a circle around you. Add to the circle all of those people who have loved you throughout your lifetime. Sense, see or feel their love as it radiates to you. As you visualize each person in your circle, give a personal “thank you” to each one.
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0.681359 |
Something crashed in the desert not far from Roswell, New Mexico, on the night of July 2, 1947.
Witnesses heard an odd explosion in the midst of a severe electrical thunderstorm. The following morning a large amount of dark-grey metallic foil and plastic-like beams and sheets were found scattered over a wide area. From the way the materials were distributed on the ground in a fan-shape pattern, spread over an area about a mile by 200 to 400 feet wide with most of the wreckage concentrated at the narrowest end, the object was travelling at high speeds to the west when it exploded above ground.
Nearly 200 kilometers to the west, a dark-grey metallic disk with bodies scattered around and inside the object was whisked away under great security by the US Army.
Other witnesses, including those claiming to have loaded the material onto several B-29 bombers under strict security for scientific examination at Wright-Patterson AAF (now Wright-Patterson Air Force Base) in Dayton, Ohio, USA, said they saw a lead-coloured, "dirty stainless steel" (3) or dark-grey metallic foil that "could unfold itself" after slightly warming it with their body and bending it in one hand.
Preliminary examination of the debris at the first crash site by Major Jesse A. Marcel, and later by other personnel at Roswell AAF on receiving the materials, concluded the object was not a weather balloon or any known high-speed man-made flying object. To support this claim, Colonel William Blanchard, the commander of Roswell AAF, ordered his public information officer Second Lieutenant Walter Haut to issue a news release stating a "flying disc" was recovered and sent to higher headquarters.
However, within two hours of the news release, General Roger Ramey at Fort Worth AAF issued a new story to the media claiming it was a weather balloon. To support the new claim, General Ramey permitted a news reporter, James Bond Johnson, to take several photographs of the remains of a weather balloon put on temporary display in his office. All the photographs reveal a bright-silvery and heavily crinkled metallic foil together with some beams and plastic tape. Later the weather balloon and the rest of the materials were sent to Wright-Patterson AFB in Ohio for scientific analysis.
However, General Ramey had also inadvertently held a top secret memo to the camera in one of the photos. Digital analysis of the photograph showed a continued belief by the military in a "disk" with "victims" and a desire to use a weather balloon and dummies as an alternative explanation should media representatives ask questions about the Roswell incident. The presence of "victims" was something the original news release never mentioned.
Does this mean the object was indeed a "disk" in the sense it represented something new and highly unusual in nature to the military? Certainly it had to be artificial in nature given the presence of "victims". In which case, what was this "disk", and who made it?
While the media was fed this new information, a document allegedly written by General Nathan F. Twining, dated July 15, 1937, discussed unusual fabrication techniques and the internal structure of a flying disk allegedly recovered in New Mexico. The information is so unusually detailed for a flying disk that it revealed a hitherto unknown electromagnetic technology. It was either a secret military experiment of a new type of aircraft, or something more exotic, possibly alien. The question is, which one?
Apart from rumours of two U.S. presidents being involved in some way with the Roswell incident (either to view or decide the fate of the debris and victims and whether the public would be told about the discovery), nothing more was heard.
Is the USAF telling us everything?
Then in 1979, two dedicated U.S. investigators conducted interviews with witnesses. From those investigations came a different story from the official USAF explanation, including remarkable claims of a tough dark-grey metallic foil possessing unusual shape-memory abilities.
Furthermore, it became clear to a number of people, including former New Mexico Congressman Steven Schiff, that the official USAF explanation was not sufficient to solve the controversy. As Mr Schiff noticed, why was the US military still acting in a highly secret and evasive manner whenever questions were asked about the incident, assuming this was an ordinary weather balloon? As a result, Mr Schiff recommended the General Accounting Office (GAO) investigate the matter.
Under pressure from the GAO to release all available details about the incident, the USAF conducted an investigation into the incident. The conclusion of the detailed 231-page report titled, The Roswell Report: Case Closed released in July 1994, found that the wreckage was nothing more than the remains of a secret weather balloon experiment called Project Mogul designed to test for Soviet nuclear explosions during the Cold War period (4). The secret nature of the balloons was the reason for the military's silence on the incident.
The only problem remained that the scientist involved in Project Mogul supported the "aluminium foil" explanation in his Mogul balloons. No shape-memory metallic foil was used in this secret experiment.
Then there was the question of the alleged victims of the crash observed by witnesses. So, in 1997, the USAF decided to update their report to include dummies as the most probable explanation.
To solve this mystery, SUNRISE initially focused on the metallic foil where new evidence has been uncovered that will cast serious doubt over the "aluminium" and "weather balloon" explanation as provided by the USAF and will go as far as to say that no other man-made military or civilian flying object explanation will suffice to explain the Roswell object. A study of scientific literature and the availability of the world's most powerful shape-memory alloy to the public through various novelty toys has revealed the only known dark-grey titanium-based shape-memory alloy, and the most powerful and lightest titanium-based shape-memory alloy of its kind. Known as nitinol (NiTi), a nickel-titanium alloy, a look at its history has uncovered a link between the USAF at Wright-Patterson AFB and several notable shape-memory alloys, including NiTi during a secret study with scientists at the world famous Battelle Memorial Institute in Ohio that began on May 18, 1948.
More importantly, the timing for this secret study into shape-memory alloys occurred just after the Roswell event and required, for some reason, the assistance of selected Battelle scientists. The question, therefore, is why ask for outside scientific assistance to work on these alloys for the military if the alloy had already been developed and manufactured in large quantities to build the Roswell object? Now we can answer the question thanks to new information about the purity and technology required to make a titanium-based shape-memory alloy.
What SUNRISE has discovered is that unless the USAF releases a new report dated prior to the event to explain exactly how it managed to make a substantial quantity of a highly pure titanium-based shape-memory alloy, there is now sufficient evidence to show, on the basis of probability, how likely the witnesses were in their belief of an exotic, possibly alien, object as being responsible.
This new book does not stop here. Unlike any other, the book will also look at the Roswell object in a new way by analyzing the observations and applying fundamental electromagnetic principles to the problem. The result of this work is the discovery of a new electromagnetic technology ready to be tested by the scientific community. It is the kind of technology that is exotic in nature (i.e. has not been attempted before) and is expected to end the long-standing secrecy still surrounding this controversial case.
Testimonial Evidence compiled by SUNRISE Information Services from best available sources, November 2011.
Official 1947 Roswell AAF News Release written by Lieutenant Walter Haut.
Roswell Daily Record Newspaper Articles compiled by SUNRISE Information Services from best available sources, January 2012.
Albuquerque Newspaper Article compiled by SUNRISE Information Services from best available sources, 9 July 1947.
Walla Walla Union-Bulletin Newspaper Article compiled by SUNRISE Information Services from best available sources, 8 July 1947.
Official Media Photos of the Roswell Incident taken by James Bond Johnson and Major Charles A. Cashon in General Roger Ramey's office at the Fort Worth Army Air Field, and an official photo of a typical Mogul reflector held up by Professor Charles B. Moore (from NYU), compiled by SUNRISE Information Services from best available sources, February 2012.
Memo from General Nathan F. Twining on Preliminary Examination of a Recovered Disc in New Mexico, 15 July 1947.
Letter from General Nathan F. Twining to Mr Julius Earl Schaefer of Boeing Airplane Company, 17 July 1947.
Executive Summary Report of Air Force Research regarding the "Roswell Incident", 8 September 1994.
USAF Roswell Report: Fact vs Fiction in the New Mexico Desert, July 1995.
Crashed Disk files allegedly relating to the "Roswell Incident", 1947-50.
FBI Teletype Describes Disk of Roswell as Hexagonal in Shape, 8 July 1947.
Interpretation of General Ramey's Memo, using image supplied by the University of Texas Arlington Library (UTA) and best available text interpretation and analysis from Mr David Rudiak and other researchers.
1949 Memo from Clyde E. Williams, Chairman of the Panel on Metallurgy for the R&D Board Committee on Basic Physical Science discussing New Materials Programs, 28 January 1949.
1949 A Tentative NiTi Diagram Report by US Bureau of Mines, February 1949.
Titanium Alloys by William J. Kroll, 1950. Chemical Abstracts, Volume 45, 107.
Titanium Binary Alloys by by C.M. Craighead, O.W. Simmons, and L.W. Eastwood, March 1950. Transactions AIME, Volume 188, Journal of Metals, pp.485-513.
The Titanium Decade by Emmanuel G. Mesthene (The RAND Corporation), January 1962. Prepared for the United States Air Force Project RAND.
On the System Titanium-Zirconium by Paul A. Farrar and Sanford Adler, 1966. Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, Volume 236, July 1966, pp.1061-1064.
Ni-Ti Nickel-Titanium published in Smithells Metal Reference Book, 1968.
Method of Treating Variable Transition Temperature Alloys by Frederick E. Wang and William J. Buehler, 26 January 1971. US Patent No.3,558,369.
Miracle Metal - There is Absolutely Nothing Like It by Keith Saunders, 1984. Omega Science Digest, pp.11-13 and 119.
First Progress Report, 31 August 1949. Battelle Memorial Institute for the USAF under contract number AF 33(038)-3736. This report is released through US FoI in February 2010.
Second Progress Report, 31 October 1949. Battelle Memorial Institute for the USAF under contract number AF 33(038)-3736. This report is released through US FoI in August 2009.
1949 ONR Report of Symposium on Titanium 1949 by Office of Naval Research (ONR), March 1949.
Titanium in Aircraft by J. B. Johnson and E. J. Hassell (Wright Patterson AFB), 1951. Metallurgy and Metallography, 9441.
Summary Analysis of First and Second Progress Reports of 1949 prepared by SUNRISE.
1. Berlitz & Moore 1988, p.72; Berlitz & Moore 1982, pp.68-69.
2. Berlitz & Moore 1988, p.88. Other sources to confirm this memory-shape behaviour may be found in Good 1997, pp 456, 461 and 463; Friedman & Berliner 1992, p.73. Also check the statements made by Ms Sally Strickland-Tadolini and Sargeant Robert E. Smith for further confirmation. For other quotes and their full references, please purchase the CD from SUNRISE.
4. Good 1997, pp.462-462 and 480-482.
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0.999084 |
Can Wikipedia Survive Its Own Success?
It’s not easy being Wikipedia, a free web encyclopedia created and edited by anonymous contributors. Just ask founder Jimmy Wales, who has seen his creation come under fire in just a few short months as the site fends off vandalism and charges of inaccurate entries. “Wikipedia has always been in a state of change,” says Wales, in defense of his product.
On November 29, journalist John Seigenthaler, Sr., once a member of Robert Kennedy’s staff, penned an op-ed piece in USA Today noting that an article on Wikipedia had incorrectly linked him to the assassination of Robert Kennedy and John F. Kennedy. The article, which stayed on the site for four months, stated that “John Seigenthaler, Sr. was the assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy in the early 1960s. For a brief time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assassinations of both John and his brother Bobby. Nothing was ever proven.” Wikipedia eventually deleted the inaccurate information, and now even contains an entry entitled, “John Seigenthaler, Sr. Wikipedia biography controversy” explaining the history of its own error.
And last month, former MTV VJ and podcasting pioneer Adam Curry was accused of editing out Wikipedia’s references to Kevin Marks, another early podcasting luminary. In a December 2 blog entry, Curry owned up to the switch and apologized.
Wikipedia, founded in 2001 as a non-profit organization and supported mainly by donations, allows anyone with Internet access to edit its articles. The premise is that collective knowledge, which some call “open source” content, is every bit as valuable as professionally edited content. As a result, Wikipedia has become a hybrid encyclopedia/current events site that raises a number of interesting questions, including: Just how accurate is free content, given recent events at Wikipedia? Does the aggregate ‘wisdom of the crowd’ trump the expertise of knowledgeable individuals? Does Wikipedia’s policing mechanism work? Does the controversy over Wikipedia merely reflect further tension between old and new media?
The answer to all those questions, according to experts at Wharton, boils down to two words: It depends. According to Eric Clemons, professor of operations and information management, it is foolish to take Wikipedia’s definitions as gospel, but the site is still worth reading from time to time. Marketing professor Peter Fader notes that Wikipedia shows there is wisdom in crowds, but a better user rating system would filter out those who post bogus information. Joel Waldfogel, professor of business and public policy, agrees that much of the concern about Wikipedia is just a new spin on whether old media (printed encyclopedias, in this case) stand a chance against the new breed of instantly updatable online media.
For Kendall Whitehouse, senior director of information technology at Wharton, the most interesting question is “whether the wisdom of the crowd is ultimately a better approach compared to scholarly review and edited content.” As Whitehouse observes, “Wikipedia’s strength is that it has thousands of eyes looking at it. The hope is that errors will be quickly caught and corrected.” But Whitehouse also points out that as the scale of Wikipedia’s content expands even a thousand eyes can miss certain details — which is apparently what happened in the case of the Seigenthaler material.
Wales doesn’t dismiss concerns about Wikipedia and notes that he has implemented changes to prevent abuse, such as only allowing registered users to make certain types of changes. He adds, however, that Wikipedia has been slammed for mistakes simply because it’s relatively new, and he compares the attention swirling around the site to stories that focused on quirky items for sale on eBay in 1999 and 2000. “The media loves a story,” he says.
Just the fact that Wikipedia has attracted so much attention indicates the clout it has achieved since being created almost five years ago. Indeed, a December 14 study of 42 entries by Nature magazine puts Wikipedia almost on a par with Britannica in terms of accurate science coverage. Nature found that the average science entry in Wikipedia had four errors while Britannica had three. The biggest complaint against Wikipedia was that the entries were confusing and poorly structured. Overall, concluded the Nature study, problems such as the Seigenthaler incident were the exception, not the rule.
Wikipedia has also grown at a rapid clip. There are 13,000 active contributors working on 1.8 million articles in more than 100 languages. On the English-language sites, 800 to 1,000 editors edit most of the entries, says Wales. According to Alexa, a web traffic tracking site, Wikipedia is the 37th most highly visited site on the Internet.
Clemons notes that Wikipedia should never be the sole source of information. “I only use Wikipedia for things I know cold, looking for a terse description to share with my daughter doing homework so I don’t have to write it myself. But if I don’t know the subject, I would never consider Wikipedia as a source of information,” he says, adding that the biggest issue is that Wikipedia provides no information on who posted the story, the writer’s credentials or the motives behind changes.
What succeeded in getting Wikipedia to this juncture — an open format where anyone can post articles — may not work as the online encyclopedia continues to grow, says Fader. The issue: There is no rating system to lend credibility to people who create and edit articles. For instance, a system that keeps editors of articles anonymous, yet rates them much like eBay rates merchants, could enhance Wikipedia’s credibility. A contributor known for accuracy or subject expertise would be given, say, five stars. A vandal or someone shamelessly plugging a product would get one star.
Other changes are in development, but Wales didn’t disclose anything specific, except to say that there are no plans to institute an eBay-like rating system such as the one Fader suggests. That type of system couldn’t work and would “be destructive of the community,” Wales suggests, because Wikipedia has 800 to 1,000 active editors. A rating system would be degrading as well as unrefined. For instance, a biologist may be an expert on biology topics, but turn into a ranting madman when it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. “In that example, the person would probably be rated a three-star overall,” says Wales. “But the rating would lose the human judgment element. In our system, we learn over time that you need to keep an eye on that editor” when he or she is working on topics related to the Middle East.
It’s unclear how the Wikipedia model will evolve, but some potential rivals have their own ideas. A site called Digital Universe recently launched offering “stewards” to review content and providing two tiers of articles — those verified by experts and those not. The company bills itself as the “PBS of the Web” and a university of human thought and experience.
Friedman’s Copyright, which will kick off in mid-February, is an open access, peer-reviewed journal on all aspects of copyright in the Internet age. Authors will submit detailed research, case studies and opinion pieces vetted by rapid peer review. Copyright will seek a balance between offering access to all users, but making sure information is accurate. According to Friedman, there is still a big role for collaborative content, but the filtering of vast amounts of information will become increasingly critical.
While Wikipedia is effective, it “allows anyone to post [information] and just prays that the experts will wind up posting more than the malicious or incompetent,” says Friedman. Copyright’s approach will be open to all, but submissions will be vetted by, among others, Fader, Lawrence Lessig, a law professor at Stanford Law School, and William M. Landes, a law professor at the University of Chicago, before being published.
Experts at Wharton agree that Wikipedia will weather its most recent flap, but its model may have to be tweaked. Whitehouse suggests that citizen-authored content is a valuable contribution to knowledge, but there is still a place for more edited information. Wikipedia’s challenge: Find the middle ground.
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0.991718 |
Given arrival and departure times of all trains that reach a railway station, find the minimum number of platforms required for the railway station so that no train waits.
We need to find the maximum number of trains that are there on the given railway station at a time. A Simple Solution is to take every interval one by one and find the number of intervals that overlap with it. Keep track of maximum number of intervals that overlap with an interval. Finally return the maximum value. Time Complexity of this solution is O(n2).
We can solve the above problem in O(nLogn) time. The idea is to consider all events in sorted order. Once we have all events in sorted order, we can trace the number of trains at any time keeping track of trains that have arrived, but not departed.
For example consider the above example.
All events sorted by time.
departures from total arrivals by that time.
Following is the implementation of above approach. Note that the implementation doesn’t create a single sorted list of all events, rather it individually sorts arr and dep arrays, and then uses merge process of merge sort to process them together as a single sorted array.
Note : This approach assumes that trains are arriving and departing on same date.
cout << "Minimum Number of Platforms Required = "
System.out.println("Minimum Number of Platforms Required = "
+ " Platforms Required = "
// This code os contributed by nitin mittal.
echo "Minimum Number of Platforms Required = "
// This code os contributed by anuj_67.
Time Complexity: O(nLogn), assuming that a O(nLogn) sorting algorithm for sorting arr and dep.
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0.999943 |
Social media is humanity’s new intellectual battlefield. Sports fans, social justice warriors, and even the President of the United States tweet, take to discussion boards or make memes to mock, preach, thrust and parry against their ideological opponents. The deep learning community, meanwhile — a staid and steady group focused on research, code and algorithms — might have been expected to be above such online bickering. That changed last weekend.
Goldberg then fired off a scathing 3,500-word missive on the blogging platform Medium, denouncing the paper for what he deemed “over-selling” and “flag-planting.” His argument was quickly countered in a Facebook post by Yann LeCun, the father of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and the battle was on.
The paper at the centre of the storm, Adversarial Generation of Natural Language, proposed a way to generate natural language with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN, the state-of-the-art artificial neural network used for unsupervised learning). Goldberg was wholly unconvinced.
“Sloppy papers with broad titles such as Adversarial Generation of Natural Language are harmful. It is exactly the difference between the patent system (which is overall a reasonable idea) and patent trolling (which is a harmful abuse),” wrote Goldberg.
Just as the Goldberg-LeCun tilt seemed to be fizzling out, it was re-kindled on social media, where it grew into a wide-ranging debate, with thousands of comments from the deep learning community flooding Twitter, Facebook and Medium regarding the paper, the response, and the role of its publisher, the non-peer reviewed scientific paper repository arXiv.
The debate spread to Zhihu (China’s Quora), where a discussion titled “What do you think about Goldberg’s criticism of the MILA paper?” has already drawn over 70,000 views.
Why was Goldberg so miffed about the paper?
Goldberg argued the MILA paper that ignited the “explosive” debate had problems with attitude, method, and evaluation.
Goldberg took issue with the title, “Adversarial Generation of Natural Language.” This suggested the researchers had successfully generated language with GAN, which Goldberg flat-out rejected: “Call it what it really is: ‘A Slightly Better Trick for Adversarial Training of Short Discrete Sequences with Small Vocabularies That Somewhat Works’”.
Goldberg also questioned the use of GAN, which has yielded impressive results for modeling images, but not so much for natural language processing. GAN puts two networks in an adversarial training loop — a generator network comes up with realistic outputs, and then a discriminator network distinguishes the generated outputs from real examples. Eventually, the generator network learns to produce results realistic enough to “fool” the discriminator network.
But Goldberg argued the generator network in the paper only created near-one-hot-vectors, which is a very sharp distribution. He was unsure whether this method should be encouraged in the study of natural language.
The paper’s authors have not yet officially responded to Goldberg’s blog.
The focus of the discussion eventually evolved from the paper itself to the deep learning community and arXiv.
In contrast to the traditionally lengthy peer review process, arXiv’s “bazzar-like model of collaboration” accelerates the process of releasing scientific papers, making it a rich and valuable repository. ArXiv’s submission rate for May 2017 was 11,194 papers, five times the number for May 1997. The trade-off, naturally, is quality — not all papers on arXiv are up to scientific standards.
Goldberg was concerned about a paper coming from MILA having methodological flaws: “Why do I care that some paper got on arXiv? Because many people take these papers seriously, especially when they come from a reputable lab like MILA. And now every work on either natural language generation or adversarial learning for text will have to cite ‘Rajeswar et al 2017’. And they will accumulate citations. And reputation. Despite being a really, really poor work when it comes to language generation.” This is a trending problem on arXiv, as some users — including deep learning researchers — abuse the platform by over-stating their results or click-baiting with catchy titles.
Goldberg’s words ruffled feathers in the deep learning community, which was probably why LeCun fought back. LeCun implied Goldberg’s blog was a typical defensive piece that pitted natural language processing researchers against deep learning researchers. Goldberg is not unfamiliar with deep learning, in fact he has widely deployed deep learning methodology in his own research, including his 2015 paper Neural Network Methods for Natural Language Processing.
Meanwhile, Google VP and Engineering Fellow Fernando Pereira broke a three-year blogging silence to weigh in on the debate with a short, comedic piece on the “computational linguistic farce.” Pereira sardonically cast traditional NLP researchers as the old guard, and DL researchers as disruptors invading their territory.
While it was somewhat surprising to see such respected researchers sparring in the public arena, presenting frank and contrary opinions on social media is, quite simply, one way that debates take place these days. Why should scientists be any different?
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A concerto (from the Italian: concerto, plural concerti or, often, the anglicised form concertos) is a musical composition, whose characteristics have changed over time. In the 17th century, "sacred works for voices and orchestra were typically called concertos." J. S. Bach "was thus reflecting a long-standing tradition when he used the title `concerto' for many of the works that we know as cantatas.". But in recent centuries, up to the present, a concerto is a piece usually composed in three parts or movements, in which (usually) one solo instrument (for instance, a piano, violin, cello or flute) is accompanied by an orchestra or concert band.
The etymology is uncertain, but the word seems to have originated from the conjunction of the two Latin words conserere (meaning to tie, to join, to weave) and certamen (competition, fight): the idea is that the two parts in a concerto, the soloist and the orchestra or concert band, alternate episodes of opposition, cooperation, and independence in the creation of the music flow.
Concertos is the 31st album by Michael Nyman, released in 1997. It contains three concerti commissioned from Nyman, the Mazda-sponsored Double Concerto for Saxophone and Cello, featuring John Harle and Julian Lloyd Webber, the Harpsichord Concerto for Elisabeth Chojnacka, and the Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra for Christian Lindberg.
The album was intended as the first in a series of Nyman recordings, as it reads "NYMAN EDITION No1: Concertos" on the EMI label, but Nyman's only other release on EMI (until The Actors in 2003), The Suit and the Photograph does not have such designation.
The album appeared just as completely clear jewel cases were being introduced, and the inside back cover is colored solid red, with the series designation in the left area that was previously hidden by the tray. The Suit and the Photograph, however, was packaged in a standard grey-black tray.
Nyman said of EMI, "I didn't excite them, and they didn't excite me."
Johannes Brahms (German: [joˈhanəs ˈbʁaːms]; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer and pianist. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria. In his lifetime, Brahms's popularity and influence were considerable. He is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the "Three Bs", a comment originally made by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Bülow.
Johannes Brahms (1833–1897) was a German composer and pianist.
Miss Brahms, character from the British comedy show, Are You Being Served?
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How do you memorize the 50 states and capitals?
Take 50 index cards and write the state on one side and its capital on the other. The game you are trying to play is to guess what's on the other side of the card.
Now split them into five groups each. Practice on each till you have the hang of it.
Put all the 50 cards together and shuffle them. And split them into groups of 10 each and practice again.
In this game, you would guess the state from the capital and the capital from the state. So, which side faces you first is irrelevant (however you need to which side is which).
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How does it work and where did it come from?
Karma is an ancient Sanskrit word that literally means action. Within the backdrop of Vedantic and buddhist philosophy, and the growing momentum of humans to experience the workings of the universe and our own spirituality, it has more connotations. It often comes with the understanding that actions have results, not only to the external environment, but also in individual human tendencies to create significance from and beliefs about experiences. This is what shapes each ones’ own sense of identity, or in a yoga perspective, separateness.
Technically this affect of action, or karma, is called sanskara, the impressions that influence future actions.
I believe existence started as spiritual consciousness and evolved to matter, and then eventually to what I might call “manifest consciousness” or life. This fits with the story that many people call the fall of humans, a fall from a state in which we were beyond physical bodies and unbound by the “laws” of time and space, knowing love and oneness. Looking at this “fall” in terms of a chakra perspective of consciousness, your spirit descended down to this “Earth” plane to be able to play with more intricate forms and create new knowledge. When the knowledge that comprises you, your vibrational signature, becomes seminal to the evolution of spiritual consciousness, it goes back up through the chakra and makes enlightenment, an awakening in spiritual consciousness, something that was laying latent until your human soul popped it’s head it and said, “Hey! Wake up with me!”. Suddenly you’re breaking fast in a new dimension you can’t yet explain, nor have need to. You leave the body for awhile. Maybe you come back to this body, maybe another. Human beings represent the newest frontier in which the original consciousness can explore and study the interactions of it’s ever more subtle yet stimulating creations. You can see it in every facet of our interests; our sexual energy, emotional bonds, the hurtling speed of our intellectual and technological advancement…All of this is to make smaller actions, more refinement, and to see that while we may become disillusioned in a new complexity, love still operates there. No matter how many ways you cut up it, everything still wants to be it, connected, and accepted. All of our karmic traces, or sanskaras would appear to be the trickle down affect of pure and complete oneness becoming twoness, then threeness, and then…Ohhh how far are we now? That’s a deeep rabbit hole. Karma is the process of the universe in multiplicity and the evolution of the human soul.
So then, do we have any options or is it just some unfathomable math equation playing out? Of course, we have choice. I feel it anyway. Human choice is always about how much we open ourselves to what is really going on, and whether we create belief in it’s relevance to our identity. The sanskara pulls similar experiences back to us, like feedback or an echo from the karma as a kind of check test. Do you still identify this way? When the manifest consciousness can recognize itself through the superficial experience of identifying, the sanskara is reduced or removed. This is one of the affects of meditation. You spend a time not identifying and some of your perceptual tendencies becomes reduced or removed. You become less committed to ego created roles and more dedicated to love and self-less, universal purpose.
The common misconception about karma is that the things you do will be the things that happen to you. While this may be the case, it is much more accurate to say it is the inner experience you create that will come back to you. This explains some of the perceived incongruity between peoples’ actions and their life experiences.
A common pondering about karma is pure bewilderment at how many perceptual tendencies we have, the complexity of their relationships, and the span of their cycles. I can only suggest have awe and gratitude for the amazing degree to which our “oneness” has made you unique, capable of the greatest of love, and adorned us with the grandness of the cosmos.
Whether we make good or bad karma, it still keeps us from evolving spiritually unless we are learning to look through and see that actions do not touch the true core of being. That being said, I would like to believe that the world of form and action has a propensity towards the positive spectrum, as it is not only alluringly beautiful, but has a lightness which allows us to see through to that original being of infinite peace and love.
We can all act as karma reducers for each other. When we receive one another’s actions without judgement, without critically self interested re-action, we can dissipate some of the sanskaras by making a space for the other to see themselves and without reinforcing their identifying processes. If we keep swapping these actions with this attitude we reduce karma and increase knowledge as well.
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are villains usually stronger than heroes?
Well they ought to be in at least one way or another.
Yes but the hero wins most of the time due to plot.
Given how many heroes and villains exist in fiction, even just comics, 'usually' is a tricky to apply here. Generally speaking, stories like to have conflict in them, which can often come from challenge, and so having an antagonist that challenges a protagonist, often achieves that. So having the antagonist be stronger than a protagonist, can lead to a greater challenge, and reflect well on the protagonist/protagonists. However conflict and challenge can be achieved many other ways, without a villain, sometimes the challenge presented by the villain isn't necessary via strength, it may be money, influence, charisma, intellect, so on. Also sometimes numbers, as in many heroes have villains that are weaker, but act in groups, and then vice versa, some groups of heroes have singular villains that are really powerful on their own… so lots of variables to consider.
I wouldn't think it controversial to say many heroes have to face villains that are stronger though.
In some way yes or it would be a bland villain and wouldn't work. Now this wouldn't necessarily be physically stronger, but mentally stronger, richer, etc.
In many cases, yes. For example, Venom is technically stronger than Spider-Man in terms of physicals. At times, Reverse Flash whoops Barry so bad that I can't help but wonder why he isn't the Flash instead. Even more demoralizing, Reverse Flash has mastered his powers inside and out and can actually justify every action he takes---albeit through bitterness and spite---with pretty reasonable/relatable motives. That's more than I can say for Barry many times, and this is my favorite DC superhero we're talking about here.
Not all villains are stronger than their heroic counterparts, but the ones that are are special. These special villains are meant to bring the best out of the hero, to cause their true greatness to come to fruition. These special villains make the hero fully realize their potential, and the hero can only defeat them once they become who they were always meant to be. Just my 2 cents!
It makes writing easier to have a villain stronger than a hero but it not a necessity. For example, most of Batman's villains are weaker than him (Joker, Riddler, Penguin, Two Face, Mr. Zsasz, Carmine Falcon, Black Mask etc). You just need a strong source of conflict to challenge your hero.
And this is pretty spot on as well.
Not being popular, not being able to rank up his hero status fast enough, being unpopular/disliked by the common people, having his work credited to other heroes etc.
they should be or they wouldn't be much of a threat to be a villain.
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Sen. Joe Manchin Joseph (Joe) ManchinOn The Money: Cain 'very committed' to Fed bid despite opposition | Pelosi warns no US-UK trade deal if Brexit harms Irish peace | Ivanka Trump says she turned down World Bank job Cain says he won't back down, wants to be nominated to Fed Pro-life Christians are demanding pollution protections MORE (W.Va.) said Wednesday that he will oppose Betsy DeVos's nomination to lead the Department of Education.
Manchin — a Democrat from a red state who is up for reelection in 2018 — said he has "serious concerns" about President Trump's nominee.
"Every child in West Virginia deserves a quality education, and I do not believe that Betsy DeVos is qualified to serve in this role, which is so vital to the future of our state," he said.
Manchin specifically pointed to DeVos's support for charter schools and the fact that she hasn't worked or attended a public school as key reasons for his opposition.
"The needs facing rural schools in West Virginia are unique, and her lack of exposure to public education is very concerning for me," he added.
DeVos could face a rocky path to confirmation. Republicans have a 52-seat majority, but two Republicans — Sens. Lisa Murkowski Lisa Ann MurkowskiCain says he 'won't run away from criticism' in push for Fed seat Cain says he won't back down, wants to be nominated to Fed License to discriminate: Religious exemption laws are trampling rights in rural America MORE (Alaska) and Susan Collins Susan Margaret CollinsSenate Republicans tested on Trump support after Mueller Collins: Mueller report includes 'an unflattering portrayal' of Trump GOP senator: 'No problem' with Mueller testifying MORE (Maine) — have voiced reservations about supporting her nomination.
If Republicans were to defect on the confirmation vote, GOP leadership could need to flip red-state Democrats, like Manchin, to get DeVos confirmed.
Top Democrats, including Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer Charles (Chuck) Ellis SchumerHillicon Valley: House Dems subpoena full Mueller report | DOJ pushes back at 'premature' subpoena | Dems reject offer to view report with fewer redactions | Trump camp runs Facebook ads about Mueller report | Uber gets B for self-driving cars Dem legal analyst says media 'overplayed' hand in Mueller coverage Former FBI official praises Barr for 'professional' press conference MORE (N.Y.), have come out against DeVos, and Sen. Al Franken Alan (Al) Stuart FrankenWinners and losers from first fundraising quarter Election analyst says Gillibrand doesn't have 'horsepower to go the full distance' Gillibrand campaign links low fundraising to Al Franken backlash: memo MORE (D-Minn.) has predicted that no Democrats would support her.
Manchin said Trump's Education secretary needs to be someone "who has an understanding of the needs of all children, including those with disabilities, and is committed to ensuring they receive a quality education."
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Software Downloads for "Visual Studio Extension Game"
Sample Browser Visual Studio Extension is a useful add-in for the programmers who want to browse the code samples from the MSDN Samples Gallery. This tool allows you to search and preview the code samples directly from the Visual Studio Interface.
Note: You can access the code sample gallery by using the standalone application which can also be installed on Windows 8 devices.
Visual Studio Translator is very useful in those situations where you need to translate text in the editor, but you want to avoid going to an online translation service.
Built as a Visual Studio extension, NativeViewer allows you to preview OpenCV images stored in variables of the cv::Mat class.
A thumbnail image is displayed during the debug process, when a variable is hovered by mouse with the CTRL key pressed down.
NativeViewer can format the string displayed in the "Watch" window to express valuable cv::Mat information.
NativeViewer works only for native C++ code in both Win32 and Win64 projects.
GhostDoc is a Visual Studio extension that can help you easily generate XML documentation comments.
GhostDoc installs a new command ("Document this") into Visual Studio code editor context menu. When editing a source file, you simply navigate cursor into the language element you want to document (or in front of it, in the same text line), and call the "Document this" command by eihter pressing a hotkey or using the context menu.
GhostDoc will insert an XML documentation comment, much like typing "///" in front of a language element, but with a major difference: for specific language elements like methods and properties, GhostDoc attempts to generate large parts of the actual documentation (for other language elements like e.
Resource Viewer is a Visual Studio extension designed to enable you to view the Resource Dictionary. To open it go to: View – Other Windows – Resource Viewer.
When working with WPF/Silverlight you put your reusable resources in a common ResourceDictionary, those resources might be of type Style, SolidColorBrush, DrawingBrush, BitmapImage and more. The problems starts when you have that ResourceDictionary you have no way to see how your resources look like, making the work process (of both the developer who maintains this dictionary and the one who uses it) clumsy and based on guessing.
OpenWithTest is a Visual Studio extension which serves one simple task: To always open your test files and implementation files together.
Get OpenWithTest and take it for a spin to see what it can actually do for you!
PHP Tools for Visual Studio is an extension for Visual Studio. Its set of features is designed to help you work more efficiently with PHP code.
The extension is meant to improve your productivity by verifying the code, providing code completion and easy navigation and syntax error checking.
Pomodoro Timer for Visual Studio is a handy VS extension designed to keep track of your Pomodoro Technique sessions.
This is very basic; no configuration available, just the default work and break lengths and iterations.
dbForge Fusion for MySQL (formerly known as MyDeveloper Tools) is a powerful add-in designed to simplify the MySQL database application development process. It integrates into Visual Studio, making all database development and administration tasks available from your favorite IDE. It provides an easier way to explore and maintain existing databases, design compound SQL statements, query and manipulate data in different ways. Main advantages of dbForge Fusion for MySQL : - Integration with the most popular IDEs - Integration with MyDirect .
MyHistory will provide developers using Visual Studio with a very useful Team Explorer extension.
This particular piece of software will organize all your recent work in one place, so you will be able to quickly and easily access it at any given time.
Microsoft “Roslyn” CTP was designed as an extension for the Visual Studio 2010 SP1 and is a long lead project which is considered for the post-Visual Studio 11 timeframe. The CTP includes an early preview of the APIs exposed by the C# and Visual Basic compilers, and the Interactive window experience.
Traditionally, compilers are black boxes - source code goes in one end, and object files or assemblies come out the other end. The Roslyn project changes that model by opening up the VB and C# compilers.
Visual Studio SDK package provides tools and templates for building Visual Studio extensions. By using the Visual Studio SDK, you can build your own tool windows, create menu commands, and add extensions to the new Visual Studio editor and other features.
Visual Studio SDK includes project templates that help developers create tool windows, menu commands, isolated shell projects, and editor extensions. The editor extensions include text adornments, colorizers, and margins.
Visual Studio SDK also includes build tasks that help developers build and debug extensions.
FxCop Integrator for Visual Studio 2010 is a handy add-in that allows you to integrate stand-alone FxCop 1.36 and 10.0 into Visual Studio 2010.
This extension is easy to use. If you installed FxCop 10.0 to default location, you don't need to change settings.
You can analyze your code by right click on Solution or Project, and select [Code Analysis with FxCop].
This tool allows you to create links between your development environment and the User Stories wrote in TFS. SpecFlow TFS Linker can also generate automatically SpecFlow's files.
Visual Studio 2015 Obfuscator is an obfuscation tool for .NET code protection. It implements all known software protection techniques and obfuscation algorithms. Skater .NET Obfuscator is a comprehensive professional solution for .NET application code protection. With Skater .NET Obfuscator you can easily protect Microsoft .NET framework applications from illegal code extraction and reverse engineering.Moreover, you do not need any source code changes or programming experience to accomplish professional software protection of your programs.
HTML Help Generator for Visual Studio 2005 creates context sensitive HTML Help for your applications in seconds. Features HTML page and image generation, table of contents, index and search, images with hotspots and export to Word. The wizard lets you set many options for page layout and application specific information. Results can also be exported as Word document (technical or user documentation) or to your website. Names used in HTML pages can be either captions or objectnames (depending if you want to make user or technical documentation in Word).
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Recently Demetrios Kalamidas, a young New York quantum-optics physicist, proposed an imaginative new superluminal signaling scheme--OKE (see also KISS and Demetrios! the Opera). The Kalamidas experiment proposes for Bob to send instant signals to Alice via the medium of a pair of path-entangled photons (A and B).
When Bob knows (from observation of his photon B) which path Alice's A photon took, then Alice cannot observe two-path interference. But if Bob can erase which-path information then, in principle, Alice can get her path-uncertain photon to interfere with itself.
Switching between these two options (knowledge of Alice's photon's path and erasure of that knowledge) Bob can instantly send a signal to Alice no matter how large the distance that separates them. So goes the argument for FTL signaling via quantum entanglement.
In my analysis of the Kalamidas experiment: NKE (caution: 2-MB pdf download), I consider three possible choices that Bob could make to either obtain or erase which-path info concerning Alice's photon A.
I call these three choices: 1. the Fock Choice; 2. the Frost choice and 3. the Kalamidas choice. The Fock choice preserves which-path info and both the Frost choice and the Kalamidas choice erase which-path info—but in two different ways.
The Frost-choice method for quantum-erasure of which-path info is well-known—scramble Bob's two paths in a beam splitter. This choice does indeed lead to interference of Alice's photons. But this interference is INVISIBLE because it is superposed with an exactly complementary anti-interference pattern, the sum of which produces a completely random signal at Alice's detectors. These two patterns (signal and anti-signal) can however be separated by a coincidence trigger from Bob that tells Alice which of Bob's two detectors fired. If detector B1 went off then Alice sees a signal; if detector B2 went off, then Alice sees an anti-signal.
So (making the Frost choice) Bob's erasure of which-path info does indeed produce interference at Alice's detectors but ALICE'S INTERFERENCE IS ENCRYPTED using a random key that Bob can only send by conventional slower-than-light methods. Hence the Frost choice fails as a superluminal signaling device.
What about the Kalamidas choice?
The gist of the Kalamidas experiment is the novel method he has invented for Bob to quantum-erase which-path info. In his original article: OKE = Original Kalamidas Experiment, Kalamidas demonstrates that his method leads to UNENCRYPTED INTERFERENCE at Alice's detectors. Hence it appears that Demetrios Kalamidas has devised a viable mechanism for sending signals faster-than-light. Furthermore all of the components of the Kalamidas device are available in most modern quantum-optics labs. No exotic processes needed—everything in principle is completely understood.
For his FTL machine, Kalamidas employs an unusual method for which-path erasure. Bob "ambiguifies" the number of photons in each of his two paths by mixing each photon (which is normally in a "Fock state" of definite photon number—either zero or one) with a state of uncertain photon number. In Kalamidas's original paper (OKE), he used for this number-uncertain state a truncated coherent state. In Nick's version of the Kalamidas experiment (NKE), I use a state |U> = x|0> + y|1> (which I call "gray light") as my number-uncertain input.
The beam-splitter math for the NKE experiment is simple but tedious—30 terms that must be carefully squared, added together and matched correctly with the right output detectors. The first time I carried out this calculation, I verified Kalamidas's claim: Bob, by his choice of what to measure could seemingly cause: 1. nothing to happen at Alice's detectors or 2. unencrypted interference to happen at Alice's detectors with a very large amplitude (when gray light parameters were maximized) of 25%.
I was happy to see this result. Not because I believed that I had verified FTL signaling. But because I believed that I had created a paradox (the Kalamidas-Herbert paradox?) which would be resolved in some clever way that might teach us something new about the subtleties of few-photon quantum physics.
I sent my results to Demetrios, who scrutinized them with a critical eye, eventually discovering a simple conceptual error that I had missed over and over again. It's easy to overlook your own mistakes—another good reason for peer review in science.
Correcting my mistake I recalculated and obtained Bob-induced interference at Alice's detectors. But this correctly calculated interference was completely encrypted—only visible (like the Frost choice) if Bob sends a coincidence-triggered decryption signal to Alice at slower-than-light speeds.
(Quoted from NKE): I wish to congratulate Demetrios Kalamidas for coming up with his imaginative new FTL scheme which gave me much pleasure and excitement to analyze. I would also like to thank him for correcting an error in my work which, up until his intervention, seemed to show confirmation of his FTL signaling claim. After his timely input, the present (presumably correct) calculation demonstrates a complete refutation of any FTL effect. However, the Kalamidas scheme of erasing which-path info by mixing Fock light with gray light is clever and may yet find new technical applications in areas other than superluminal communication technology.
When his theory's been tested?
At the end of the trail?
I might be looking for.
For all your complex surprises.
The phenomenon of quantum entanglement is truly bizarre. Two quantum particles (photons, electrons, atoms, for instance) that have once interacted seem in theory to behave as a single entity. No matter how distant their separation, an action on one seems (again only in the theory) to instantly affect the state of its distant partner -- which suggests that entangled particles can communicate faster than light. However no experiment with entangled particles has ever revealed a human-usable superluminal connection. Furthermore, using the very theory that describes entanglement, one can prove (in agreement with all current experiments) that superluminal signaling is impossible. However any impossibility proof is only as good as the assumptions that go into it. One can easily imagine that an ingenious way of making a quantum measurement might be discovered that evades the assumptions underlying these proofs, hence opening the door to a practical faster-than-light signaling scheme.
Recently Demetrios Kalamidas, who has a degree from CCNY and is currently working at New York nanotech company Raith USA, has proposed an FTL signaling scheme using a novel kind of quantum measurement. His proposal (which I have called KISS, for "Kalamidas's Instant Signaling Scheme) has been accepted for publication in the March 2013 issue of the Journal of the Optical Society of America. A preprint version with essentially the same content as Kalamidas's JOSA article appears here.
The KISS proposal is based on the observation that one member A of an entangled pair AB can show interference effects when its distant partner B is measured in a manner that "destroys which-path information". These interference effects vanish when B is measured in a manner that detects which of two paths B actually took. On the face of it this looks exactly like superluminal signaling were it not for the fact that in order to see this interference, "coincidence information" about results at B must be sent (at light speed or slower) and this information is necessary to separate the superluminal signal from noise.
One way of looking at this situation is that, using entangled particles, superluminal signals can indeed be sent. But these FTL messages are encrypted in a perfectly unbreakable cipher that can only be decoded using a key sent at light speed or slower. So far all schemes to send signals FTL have failed due to the necessity of sending this decryption key by conventional means.
The KISS scheme purports to be different. Kalamidas proposes to destroy "which-path" information in a novel way (that involves mixing the photons that carry this information with a kind of light that possesses an indefinite number of photons). Kalamidas calculates, in his JOSA paper, that this clever new way of introducing ambiguity into the which-path measurement of the B photon has an immediate effect on its A partner -- an effect that is "in the clear" and does not need to be decoded.
Although it is evident that this proposal is a bare naked FTL communication scheme, Kalamidas modestly entitles his paper A Proposal for a Feasible Quantum-optical Experiment to Test the Validity of the No-Signaling Theorem.
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Context: Listened to this while cooking for myself when my wife returned home to attend to her sick father.
I wasn’t really sure where this book was going when it started off. Sounded like another weird Victorian sci-fi like She or Erewhon which I find a real drag. But then I realised that this is an early spy novel and that it deals with scuppering German plans for a naval invasion of Britain. Now while that sounds a bit passe, it was anything but at the time it was written. I was astonished to find that this was written in 1903.
To write such a novel at such a time shows remarkable foresight, particularly as it was extremely critical of the lack of professionalism in the armed forces in Britain at the time. Considering that a mere 11 years later we were at war with Germany and to repel an invasion attempt less than 40 years later, the novel is little short of prophetic.
The book was extremely influential and not only in literary terms, setting the standard for spy novels to this day. In actual fact, the British Admiralty actually acted on the risk that Childers presented, building bases to counteract the threat, bases which still remain active today. Wikipedia reports that two sailors repeated the journey in the book in 1910 in order to actually scout German preparations!
The book is laced with sailing detail which, if you’re a fan of sailing or the Frisian coast in particular, you’ll love. I’m not. So, while I commend the novel for its influence and legacy, I cannot give it the same praise for its prose. Mind you, I’m not a fan of Le Carre and novels of that ilk anyway so I’m probably not the best judge.
Glad I read it though but glad it’s the only Childers book on the list.
In October last (1902), my friend ‘Carruthers’ visited me in my chambers, and, under a provisional pledge of secrecy, told me frankly the whole of the adventure described in these pages.
From that point our personal history is of no concern to the outside world, and here, therefore, I bring this narrative to an end.
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The Republicans nominated Herbert Hoover to run for president in the election of 1932. The Democrats chose Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR). He had been born to a wealthy New York family and served as the governor of New York.
FDR's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, was very active her husband's political career. She was loved by liberals and hated by conservatives.
FDR was a very good public speaker. In the election of 1932, the Democrats called for a balanced budget and social and economic reforms.
During the election, FDR attacked the Republican Old Deal and supported a New Deal for the "forgotten man."
Many Americans distrusted the Republican party because of the dire economic state of the country (Great Depression). Herbert Hoover believed that the worst of the Depression was over. Hoover reaffirmed his faith in American free enterprise and individualism.
Franklin Roosevelt won the election of 1932 by a sweeping majority, in both the popular vote and the Electoral College.
Beginning in the election of 1932, blacks became a vital part of the Democratic Party, especially in the urban centers of the North.
Congress also passed some of FDR's New Deal programs, which focused on: relief, recovery, reform. Short-range goals were relief and immediate recovery, and long-range goals were permanent recovery and reform. Some of the New Deal programs gave the President unprecedented powers, which included the ability of the President to create legislation. Many of the programs that gave the President this authority were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Congress gave President Roosevelt extraordinary blank-check powers: some of the laws gave legislative authority to the President.
The New Deal legislation embraced progressive ideas like unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, minimum-wage regulations, conservation and development of natural resources, and restrictions on child labor.
Congress passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933, which gave the President power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks.
President Roosevelt gave "fireside chats" over the radio in which he soothed the public's confidence in banks.
Congress created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) with the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act. The FDIC insured individual bank deposits up to $5,000. This ended nation's epidemic of bank failures.
President Roosevelt took the nation off of the gold standard by having the Treasury buy gold from citizens. From this point on, only transactions in paper money were accepted.
One of the FDR's goals was to create modest inflation. This would relieve debtors' burdens and stimulate new production. Inflation was achieved by buying gold at increasing prices over time. This policy increased the amount of dollars in circulation.
FDR created jobs with federal money to jumpstart the economy.
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) employed about 3 million men in government camps. Their work included reforestation, fire fighting, flood control, and swamp drainage.
The Federal Emergency Relief Act was Congress's first major effort to deal with the massive unemployment. It created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) which gave states direct relief payments or money for wages on work projects.
The Civil Works Administration (CWA), a branch of the FERA, was designed to provide temporary jobs during the winter emergency. Thousands of unemployed were employed at leaf raking and other manual-labor jobs.
Relief was given to the farmers with the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), making available millions of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages.
The Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) assisted many households that had trouble paying their mortgages.
Despite New Deal efforts, unemployment continued to plague the nation. Opponents to FDR's policies included Father Charles Coughlin's, who preached anti-New Deal speeches over the radio. Senator Huey P. Long publicized his "Share Our Wealth" program in which every family in the United States would receive $5,000. Dr. Francis E. Townsend attracted millions of senior citizens with his plan that each citizen over the age of 60 would receive $200 a month.
Congress passed the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1935, with the objective of providing employment for useful projects (i.e. the construction of buildings, roads, etc.). Taxpayers criticized the agency for paying people to do "useless" jobs such as painting murals.
Women began to break gender barriers by holding positions in the Federal government, including the President's cabinet.
Pearl Buck: wrote about Chinese peasant society; won a Nobel Prize in literature in 1938.
A cornerstone New Deal agency was the National Recovery Administration (NRA). It was designed to bring industries together to create a set of "fair" business practices (fair to business and workers). Working hours were reduced so that more people could be hired; a minimum wage was established; workers were given the right to organize.
The NRA was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935 (Schechter vs. United States), because the NRA gave legislative powers to the President, and it allowed Congress to control individual business, not just interstate commerce.
The Public Works Administration (PWA) was intended to provide long-term recovery. Headed by Harold L. Ickes, the agency spent over $4 billion on thousands of projects, including public buildings, highways, and dams.
The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) attempted to reduce crop surpluses, which led to lower crop prices. The AAA established standard "parity prices" for basic commodities. The agency also paid farmers to not farm (to reduce their crop harvests).
The Supreme Court ruled the AAA unconstitutional in 1936, stating that its taxation programs were illegal.
In a second attempt to make farmers farm less, Congress passed the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936. Under the guise of conservation, it reduced crop acreage by paying farmers to plant soil-conserving crops.
The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 continued conservation payments; if farmers obeyed acreage restrictions on specific commodities, they would be eligible for payments.
Late in 1933, the Dust Bowl struck many states in the trans-Mississippi Great Plains. It was caused by drought, wind, and over-farming of the land.
The Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act, passed in 1934, suspended mortgage foreclosures on farms for 5 years. It was struck down in 1935 by the Supreme Court.
In 1935, the Resettlement Administration, moved near-farmless farmers to better lands.
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 encouraged Native American tribes to establish self-government and to preserve their native crafts and traditions. 77 tribes refused to organize under the law, while hundreds did organize.
To protect the public against investment fraud, Congress passed the "Truth in Securities Act" (Federal Securities Act). It required people selling investments to inform their investors of the risks of the investment.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was created in 1934. It provided oversight of the stock market.
New Dealers accused the electric-power industry of charging the public too much money for electricity.
In 1933, the Hundred Days Congress created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). It was designed to construct dams on the Tennessee River. In addition to providing employment and long-term recovery, these projects would give the government information on exactly how much money was required to produce and distribute electricity. This would be a metric that the government could use to assess the rates charged by private companies.
The TVA turned a poverty-stricken area into one of the most flourishing regions in the United States.
Conservatives viewed the New Deal programs as "socialistic", and they ultimately helped limit the TVA-style of management to the Tennessee Valley.
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), passed in 1934, attempted to improve the home-building industry. It gave small loans to homeowners for the purpose of improving their homes and buying new ones.
The United States Housing Authority (USHA) was passed in 1937. It was designed to lend money to states or communities for low-cost housing developments.
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided federal-state unemployment insurance. To provide security for old age, specified categories of retired workers were to receive regular payments from Washington. Social Security was inspired by the example of some of the more highly industrialized nations of Europe.
The purpose of Social Security was to provide support for urbanized Americans who could not support themselves with a farm. In the past, Americans could support themselves by growing food on their farm. Now, they relied solely on money from their job. If they lost their job, they could not eat.
Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) to help labor unions. This law created a powerful National Labor Relations Board for administrative purposes and it reasserted the rights of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice.
Unskilled workers began to organize under leadership from John L. Lewis, boss of the United Mine Workers. He formed the Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) in 1935. The CIO led a series of strikes, including the sit-down strike at the General Motors automobile factory in 1936.
Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours Bill) in 1938. Industries involved in interstate commerce were to set up minimum-wage and maximum-hour levels. Labor by children under the age of 16 was forbidden.
In 1938, the CIO joined with the AF of L and the name "Committee for Industrial Organization" was changed to "Congress of Industrial Organizations." The CIO was led by John Lewis. By 1940, the CIO claimed about 4 million members.
The Republicans chose Alfred M. Landon to run against President Roosevelt in the election of 1936. The Republicans condemned the New Deal for its radicalism, experimentation, confusion, and "frightful waste."
Democrats had significant support from the millions of people that had benefited from the New Deal programs.
President Roosevelt was reelected as president in a lopsided victory. FDR won primarily because he had appealed to the "forgotten man" (the South, blacks, urbanites, the poor).
Ratified in 1933, the 20th Amendment shortened the period from election to inauguration by 6 weeks.
Roosevelt saw his reelection as a mandate to continue the New Deal reforms.
The Supreme Court was dominated by older ultraconservatives who attempted to stop many of the "socialistic" New Deal programs.
With continous Democrat wins in Congress and the presidency, Roosevelt felt that the American people wanted the New Deal. He argued that the Supreme Court needed to get in line with public opinion. In 1937, Roosevelt proposed legislation that would allow him to add liberal justices to the Court: a new justice would be added for every member over the age of 70 who would not retire. The plan received much negative feedback. The plan was referred to as the Court-packing plan.
The public criticized Roosevelt for attempting to tamper with the Supreme Court. This was an affront on the system of checks and balances.
Possibly to due public pressure, the Supreme Court began to support New Deal legislation. This included Justice Owen J. Roberts, who was formerly regarded as a conservative.
A series of deaths and resignations of justices allowed Roosevelt to appoint 9 justices to the Court.
The Supreme Court controversy in 1937 cost FDR a lot of political capital. Because of this, few New Deal reforms were passed after 1937.
The downturn led FDR to embrace the recommendations of the British economist John Maynard Keynes.
Keynesianism Economics: government money is used to "prime the pump" of the economy and encourage consumer spending; this policy intentionally creates a budget deficit.
Congress passed the Hatch Act of 1939. It prevented federal administrative officials from active political campaigning and soliciting. It also forbade the use of government funds for political purposes as well as the collection of campaign contributions from people receiving relief payments.
Opponents of the New Deal charged the President of spending too much money on his programs, significantly increasing the national debt. From 1932 to 1939, the national debt increased from $19 trillion to $40 trillion.
The Federal government became much more powerful under FDR.
The New Deal did not end the depression; it just gave temporary relief to citizens. Many economists eventually argued that not enough deficit spending was used. Despite the New Deal programs' efforts, production still outpaced spending.
Not until World War II was the unemployment problem solved.
New Deal supporters had argued out that relief, not the economy, was the primary objective of their war on the Depression. Roosevelt believed that the government was morally bound to prevent mass hunger and starvation by "managing" the economy.
FDR potentially saved capitalism by eliminating some of its worst faults (ex: poor labor conditions). Had his programs not been implemented, Socialism could've taken a bigger hold in the nation.
FDR was a Hamiltonian in that he supported big government, but he was a Jeffersonian in that he supported the "forgotten man."
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John and I walk through a service station on our morning walk, one that has a popular café under the same roof. Drivers are not always aware of us, so we try to walk defensively. Hungry drivers might be especially dangerous. A large pickup truck whizzed into a parking spot and rocked when it stopped abruptly. We were about to walk behind it when we saw the backup lights go on. I almost put out my hand to stop John when he saw the danger, too. I was wondering when we would know it was safe to go forward, and then I knew without a doubt. I could see under the truck as his boots hit the ground.
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The average pay for a Keyholder with Customer Service skills is $11.10 per hour.
The average pay for a Keyholder with Customer Service skills is $33,478 per year.
The main responsibility of the keyholder is to open and close their store. However, they are also trained in the day-to-day procedures that are necessary for their establishment to run smoothly. A keyholder is an important member of a store's management team, and they are generally third in line in terms of management after the manager and assistant manager. They also interact with customers and assist them with any requests.
Keyholders typically work in retail, but they can be found in other industries that require someone to open and close and serve as a floor supervisor. Schedules vary for keyholders, and they may be required to work on any given day of the week. Their typical day involves opening and closing the store, as they generally have the keys. They also handle the day-to-day running of the establishment and handle any managerial duties when the manager or assistant manager are both unavailable.
Lead customers through the sales process: demonstrating product features/benefits, selecting product, coordinating and purchasing products.
Maintain the company's visual merchandise standards within a specific department and the overall store, including general housekeeping cleanliness.
Utilize company resources to generate traffic and maintain customer contact to build business.
Provide highest customer service standards while maintaining a professional demeanor and personal presentation at all times.
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Bomb Trains: What Can We Learn From Shipping Ethanol to Improve Oil-By-Rail Safety?
This article is the first in a series by DeSmog on the safety of shipping ethanol and oil by rail.
From 2010 to 2015, the total number of tank cars moving ethanol by rail was more than 1.98 million. That's about 18 percent greater than the more than 1.68 million tank cars of crude oil shipped over the same time period.
With more ethanol than crude oil moved by rail in recent years, why isn't anyone calling ethanol trains “bomb trains” too?
Ethanol is significantly less volatile than crude oil or gasoline. However, when an unpunctured rail car full of ethanol is engulfed in flames for long enough, it too will explode with the signature “bomb train mushroom cloud” typical of those carrying Bakken crude oil. For example, after a BNSF train derailed in Montana in August 2012, eight of the 14 cars carrying ethanol caught fire in what was described by a BNSF spokesperson as a “chain reaction,” which included a mushroom cloud–shaped ball of fire.
Yet perhaps the main reason no one is referring to ethanol trains as “bomb trains” is that these trains have been involved in fewer accidents — which is by far the best way to avoid large fires and explosions.
According to information provided to DeSmog by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), from 2010 to 2015 there were seven accidents involving ethanol train derailments; half as many as the 14 accidents with oil trains. This lower number of accidents for ethanol trains is despite the fact that more ethanol was moved by rail during the same six year period. So far, 2016 has seen one oil train accident but none involving ethanol.
However, to date, DeSmog is not aware of any discussion of the reason why oil trains derail more frequently than ethanol trains. Let's take Quarterman's advice and follow the data to determine possible explanations.
As previously cited, the data on derailments certainly suggests oil trains are different — and more likely to derail — than ethanol trains.
However, this statement fails to acknowledge that while crude oil traffic has seen an “enormous increase” since 2009, more ethanol actually was transported by rail over that same period. When you further examine the data, evidence begins to appear that something about oil trains is making them “inherently less safe” than ethanol trains.
To improve safety, we need to answer the following question: Why aren’t ethanol trains derailing at the same rate as oil trains?
One potential risk factor that stands out from rail crash data is that the oil trains that are derailing are long trains. Among the 15 oil train derailments since 2010, 10 were over 100 cars long and four were over 90 cars long. This fact by itself isn’t surprising; unit trains — those consisting solely of oil tank cars — are often longer than 100 cars.
At the same roundtable, Richard Kloster of rail consulting firm Alltranstek cited numbers showing unit trains of ethanol over 100 cars are extremely rare, with only 1 percent of ethanol moving this way.
He noted that 46 percent of ethanol was transported via trains of 75-99 cars. The rest — constituting more than half of all ethanol shipped by rail — traveled on trains of 74 or fewer cars. Furthermore, 32% of these ethanol shipments were actually single cars of ethanol transported as part of a mixed freight train.
Yet, of the seven ethanol train accidents between 2010 and 2015, three involved trains longer than 100 cars and two others included trains 98 cars long (although not all of them were unit trains carrying only ethanol). This means five of the seven recent ethanol train accidents occurred with the type of long trains typical of the more accident-prone oil trains.
Looking at this data, it is hard to argue with the fact that trains carrying oil are generally longer and derail with greater frequency than those carrying ethanol, which tend to be shorter. Most oil shipped by rail moves in these long unit trains. Most ethanol shipped by rail does not. When ethanol trains have derailed, however, most of them have been around 100 cars or more long.
In response, the room sat in silence for a full 12 seconds. After no one from the rail industry volunteered to comment, Karl Alexy from FRA made a statement in which he changed the subject without directly answering the question.
At that point, Robert Fronczak from AAR made the classic industry argument that by making the trains shorter, more trains will be required to move the same amount of oil, therefore, potentially increasing the risk of derailment.
ExxonMobil and the oil industry use the same argument against improving rail safety by making tank car shells thicker: because that would mean more trains on the tracks. ExxonMobil presented the following slide to regulators, which argues against requiring safer, thicker tank cars.
What would be better, more safe trains or fewer unsafe trains? Seems like a question worth exploring, and it is clear that Fronczak is “not sure” about which actually produces safer results. Based on the response to DeSmog's question (as visible in the above video), no one at either AAR or FRA appears interested in examinig the issue.
Judging by the long, awkward silence in a room full of the nation's top rail experts, train length appears to be the proverbial “third rail” of train regulation. It's the untouchable issue.
This “ignorance” approach is the other way bomb trains keep rolling. As long as industry representatives and regulators say they are never quite sure about the cause of or solution to an issue, they are forced to do nothing in the face of this uncertainty.
For example, regulators have not required the stabilization of Bakken crude oil to reduce its volatility prior to transport because they say “the science is still out” about how to do so most effectively. However, as explained in this DeSmog video, that is not the case. Still, the Department of Energy is now studying this issue and won’t have results until late 2017. Any regulations based on those findings would take several more years to complete.
And modern braking systems for trains are claimed to be an “unproven” technology, even though they been studied and proven to be safer than the current air braking systems on trains. The AAR even ran ads saying safety data didn’t support the use of modern braking systems. Congress has now mandated that train braking systems be studied further, again delaying any action.
Questioning known facts — or outright dismissing what is actually unknown, in the case of train length as a risk factor in derailments — is a very effective method for delaying action.
If longer trains do derail more often, perhaps they shouldn’t be allowed. As previously reported on DeSmog, no regulations exist for train length, and none are proposed.
As noted earlier, Dr. Barkan testified on behalf of the rail industry in support of the proposed Vancouver, Washington, oil-by-rail facility. Barkan is a professor of civil engineering at the University of Illinois with a focus on rail transportation and runs a research group that receives funding directly from the rail industry.
“Thus, it follows that longer trains have an increased likelihood of having an accident due to a larger number of car-miles of exposure.
In 2001, the average number of cars per freight train of Class I freight railroads was 68.5 cars (AAR, 2003b). In the same year, the average length of derailed Class I freight trains was 78.6 cars (FRA, 2003a). These two statistics are consistent with the hypothesis that longer trains have a higher likelihood of derailment.
This research came from a university closely aligned with and funded by the rail industry and concludes that trains may have an optimal length to reduce their risk of derailment. Yet, regulators and industry have not acknowledged these results, and nothing is being done to address this issue.
According to the Association of American Railroads, in 2015 the average freight train length was 72.5 cars. In his testimony for the Vancouver oil-by-rail project, Dr. Barkan estimated the average train length for oil trains at that facility would be 118 cars, considerably longer than the average and in the range expected to derail more often than shorter trains.
In late 2015, energy giant Kinder Morgan announced plans to build a new ethanol unit train facility in North Carolina.
Based on the ethanol industry's interest in using more unit trains for “efficiency,” and the fact that it is allowed to transport ethanol in the unsafe DOT-111 tank cars until 2023, perhaps it won't be long before ethanol trains are known as bomb trains too.
Talking to the people who operate these trains makes clear that it is no easy task. Mile-long trains, ever-changing cargo, various braking systems, slack in the train, hills, curves, and fatigue are all part of the mix for train operators. They have to make a lot of judgment calls about how best to navigate the tracks with any given train.
Bill Keppen is a former locomotive engineer and comes from a railroad family. Keppen told DeSmog about his experience learning to operate long, heavy trains.
“Being the son of a respected engineer, I learned on the job from other good engineers,” Keppen said. “After a few years of experience, I felt like I could make the elephant dance.” Keppen was referring to the skills it take to successfully operate a big, heavy train.
Keppen also was clear that the longer the train, the harder it was to operate.
All of the evidence supports the idea that longer trains, which are more difficult to operate, are also more likely to derail. Yet instead of seeing research and regulations to identify the optimal train length for preventing derailments, what we get is the ethanol industry making the potentially dangerous move toward the use of more unit trains.
By examining data on ethanol trains, the oil-by-rail industry could learn a lot about how to ship this volatile product more safely. Yet the reality appears to be that the ethanol industry wants to emulate the oil-by-rail industry, not the other way around. And that is bad news for the 25 million people living in bomb train blast zones.
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You are a hunting expert personal but you have no idea about one important topic about how to see more deer while hunting. Don’t worry we have completed resources here for your valuable hunting expedition. Just see here and get proper details for your hunting moment.
1 How To See More Deer While Hunting?
How To See More Deer While Hunting?
If you are worried about how to see more deer while hunting if you to keep some necessary knowledge about this topic. Its depend on more kind of faction like hunting season, hunting place and more others.
By properly knowing how does live this animal on the landscape, we as hunters can really better align our awesome strategies when we deciding how many antlerless targeted deer we will see and our harvest during the great hunting season. If you have a lot of deer that you got any place for hunting, you will have more leeway. When you only have 1 or 2 small doe groups, you will be better and perfectly informed when making your decisions on how many targeted deer to harvest and which age classes to your target.
If you have no idea about the perfect season of hunting so it will be difficult for your hunting expedition. sometimes if you want to see more deer, not only deer, if you want to see more kind of hunt animals you have to care about the season, land condition, people living process, and more necessary factors.
The proven tactics used when you hunting big-timber whitetails will something differ slightly from those used when hunting your small plots. On your small acreage, there is not as much ground to cover, but there are very special and critical challenges that go along with professional hunting deer on critical land.
The first and perhaps most necessary and effective consideration is how can you move into a whitetail’s small bedding or your feeding area to set up without being discovered.
If you know when your targeted deer are using the hunting area, when they are deeply feeding and when they are moving on the place, you have a better and easy opportunity for success in your expedition.
But gathering that Intel can be a double-edged sword; the more time you naturally spend in the woods hanging digital cameras, setting up your stands and fully scouting the targeted and sooner deer will perfectly realize their sanctuary has been compromised.
For that reason, it’s very important to disturb the full area as little as possible for you. You will not get much interference to cause your deer to vacate these small parcels, so you might have to rethink your plan of targeted animals attack.
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Billy Dean (born William Harold Dean, Jr., April 2, 1962 in Quincy, Florida) is an American country music singer and songwriter, who first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition Star Search. Active as a recording artist since 1991, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums, and has charted more than twenty singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. His biggest solo hits are "Only Here for a Little While", "Somewhere in My Broken Heart", and "If There Hadn't Been You", all reached peaks of #3 on the country music charts.
Billy first became known to fans in the early 1990s with his appearance on "Star Search." He later earned a recording contract with Liberty Records and rose to national stardom with a string of Top 10 hits on Billboard magazine's country singles chart. His debut song, 1991's "Only Here For a Little While," rose into the Top 5, while the follow up, "Somewhere in My Broken Heart," repeated the feat. "Somewhere in My Broken Heart" won the 1992 Academy of Country Music award for Song of the Year; he also took home the ACM's New Male Vocalist award..
Dean's string of hits continued in the early- and mid-1990s, with songs like "You Don't Count the Cost" (1991); "Only the Wind," "Billy the Kid" and "If There Hadn't Been You" (all 1992); "Tryin' to Hide a Fire in the Dark" (1993); "We Just Disagree" (a remake of the 1970s Dave Mason hit) (1993); "It's What I Do" and "That Girl's Been Spying on Me" (both 1996).
In 1991 Dean wrote and sang the theme song to the ABC animated television series Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa. It is titled "Up on the Mesa".
During the late 1990s, his career slowed down a bit, although he made several television appearances, including "One Life to Live" and "Wings." He and Alison Krauss sang backup on Kenny Rogers' 2000 single "Buy Me a Rose". At the time, the song made Kenny the oldest artist to score a country #1; it also marked the only time that Dean reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
In 2004, Dean was signed to Asylum Curb, where he began a comeback with the single "Thank God I'm a Country Boy" (a remake of John Denver's classic).
In early 2005, he released the album Let Them Be Little, which featured both "Thank God I'm a Country Boy" and the title track. "Let Them Be Little" was co-written by Richie McDonald, who at the time was the lead singer of Lonestar; Lonestar also recorded the song on their 2005 album Let's Be Us Again. Dean's version of the song became his first Top Ten hit on the country charts in nearly nine years.
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Some time ago, I was given an essay by Rachel Alt, who is a student at James Madison University. The essay was a comparative piece which used a section of Henry David Thoreau's Walden, 1854, and relating it to something from the student's own life experience. (This most famous section is commonly known as "The Ponds") Rachel's essay came to me by way of Rachel's grandmother, Julanne (Dudy) Alt and her friend, Marilyn Scozzafava, who thought visitors to the Sylvia Lake website would enjoy it. As a former English teacher, myself, I agreed.
Perhaps it is not so ironic that the photos of Walden Pond and Sylvia Lake, bear a striking resemblance. Rachel's childhood memory is quite vivid, as you will see in the essay.
I have always had difficulties connecting and finding personal meanings when I read works by romantic writers, so when we were assigned this paper I was worried that I wouldn't have anything to write about. It wasn't until I read, The Ponds that it struck a chord in me and I knew exactly what I wanted to write about. Thoreau's description of Walden Pond reminded me of a lake that my family and I used to visit when I was young called Sylvia Lake. I haven't been there in years, but the last time that I went I became deeply touched by the beauty around me, and that lake helped me develop from a child to a young woman.
My family never took normal vacations. While other families were busy going to tropical islands to lie on the beach and bathe their bodies in the radiant sunlight, or taking wild excursions abroad in far off countries, my father was determined to show me the beauty of the world that surrounded me right in my own backyard. I was not surprised when for Spring break when I was about 16; my father told me that we would be going to Sylvia Lake in Upstate New York. I had been there when I was young, about two or three years old, but I was not able to appreciate the beauty and the serenity of the lake when I was that young.
We drove 12 long hours, transitioning from highways congested with the cars from the city, to one lane roads leading us to "fresh woods and pastures a new." We turned onto a lone dirt road that lead us to an old log cabin on the cusp of the lake. I got out of the car and meandered down to the lake, expecting to take one look at it and turn around and go back into the house, but when I saw the lake something inside me changed. The lake that had failed to capture my emotions now snatched a hold of my heart and took my breath away. The lake seemed like, "a perennial spring in the midst of pine and oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation." It seemed like I was the only one basking in the beauty of what was in front of me, but I was brutally pulled back into reality like, " a faint jerk, which come to interrupt your dreams and link you to Nature again," when I heard the screams and laughter of my younger sister.
Determined to be alone in the moment that I was experiencing, I bid my family farewell and took a canoe out onto the water to be alone with my thoughts. Sylvia Lake was clam and serene, like floating on glass, and though the wake of my canoe rippled her, she quickly returned back to her original state. I proceeded around the edge of the lake taking in the ebb and flow of the lakes natural patterns. Paddling to the middle I could see her bottom and the smooth rocks, dressed in algae that layered her depths. In her clear reflection I could not only see myself, a confused teenager struggling to become a woman, but I could also see the sun, sinking slowly into the horizon behind me, like the last of my childhood sinking into the distance. Her waters comforted me seeming like Walden where she was," blue at one time and green at another, even from the same point of view. Lying between the earth and the heavens, it partakes the color of both." Sylvia was my heaven on earth, away from the struggles and confusions of a troubled teen. Here I didn't have to conform to anything or anyone's expectations. Here, on this, lake I was able to just be myself.
Breathing in what was around me, I became overwhelmed by Sylvia and her perfect beauty. She was more than a lake, she was earth personified and she was coming alive in front of my eyes. "A lake is the landscape's most beautiful and expressive feature. It is earth's eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature. The fluviatile trees next the shore are the slender eyelashes which fringe it, and the wooded hills and cliffs around are its overhanging brows." I sat in the boat, in the middle of my Sylvia, reveling in the beauty that I felt she was only showing to me. She exposed herself to me, and I exposed myself back, drinking in all that she was giving me, and giving back myself to her. Overwhelmed not only by Sylvia, but also by the decisions that were being brought upon me, tears hit her surface creating, "circling dimples," that disappeared as soon as they fell. As the sun was setting in the distance disappearing from sight, so was my childhood. And there I sat, floating between womanhood and childhood.
" I seemed to be floating through the air as in a balloon, " as I let Sylvia carry me around her, trusting her with my entire being. The motherly moon began to rise, blanketing her surroundings in a pale blanket of light, illuminating that which could be seen, and creating dark shadows over what could not. I seemed to be, "dreaming awake, until I was aroused by the boat touching the sand, and I arose to see what shore my fates had impelled me to do." Sylvia had taken me right back to where I had begun, knowing that although I was becoming a woman, I was still a child. The rest of the trip I allowed myself to experience the nature around me, ; and while I had arrived a child, I left a new woman.
It has been years since I have been back to Sylvia Lake. She had now been taken over by developers like, "that devilish iron horse whose ear-rending neigh is heard throughout the town, and has muddied the Boiling Spring with his foot." Though she is not the same, she continues to be my, "Sky water," the place where I discovered myself.
She continues to be, " a great crystal on the surface of the earth," and she will always be mine.
Webmaster note: Rachel can be forgiven for her comments about how Sylvia has now been "taken over by developers." She hasn't been here to the lake for many years. I assured her that Sylvia Lake is still a pristine lake, surrounded by property owners who value the Sylvia's beauty and purity and protect her. The developer aspect does fit better into the essay, for sure.
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American martial arts cover a wide range of martial art styles and do not have to exist only in the United States. Quite the opposite, the Americas have existed as a continent since the late 1400's early 1500's and consist of many diverse cultures and peoples.
Ok, you may now be asking what does this have to do with the martial arts?
I simply wanted to lay out my thought process of how I define American Martial Arts.
While martial arts in the Americas cannot be discussed without US-Americans, it also cannot be discussed without the other parts of this continent.
South American countries, for instance, have contributed to many forms of martial training. Tracing back the native peoples of South America you can certainly conclude they had their own effective warrior arts.
Unfortunately these arts, like much of their culture, has been almost completely lost to time.
However, the European (and, later, Asian) colonists brought over their own martial training skills and lifestyles to this hemisphere.
The european martial arts helped to form many of the early fighting arts, skills and combat sports in the Americas.
In the last decades of the twentieth century, the US American public became fascinated with a number of martial art movies, particularly those of Chinese American Bruce Lee; this tremendous interest in Asian martial arts movies helped to propel interest in the martial arts.
Although, not all american martial arts fall into the definition of a western martial art , the influence of western culture can be seen in many american martial arts. And many american martial arts styles are forms of western arts.
Many american martial arts are hybrids of other fighting systems base on fighting systems of other cultures, often melded together.
For example, Okichitaw is a martial art that was created by a Canadian martial artist. It claims to be based on the martial techniques of the Plains Cree.
There is also, the south american art of Capoeira, it originated from the slaves of Brazil and has African tribal roots.
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, is an adaptation of pre-World War II Judo. The art began with Mitsuyo Maeda, a Japanese expert judoka and member of the Kodokan. This system has become a popular martial art and has proved an effective style in mixed martial arts competitions.
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Share this article: Pending the opening of Oslos promising-looking new National Gallery in 2020, there are plenty of interesting and varied art galleries and museums to explore in Norways capital. This is very odd.
the reproduction of ornamental concrete (lawn ornaments and statuary). Clean up work area, specimen, and brushes. The latex should be free-flowing for the first 2 coats; for later coats a thicker consistency. These companies have different opinions on the reason why they reject links. Top SEO News, 2017, google will keep in secret the number of search quality algorithms. Cups or jars To hold small amounts of latex during mold making. Because of its high elasticity, a feature unique to latex rubber, it has the ability to be removed from a model like a glove. The intruders have not been revealed yet. Latex Mask, RD-407 Mask Making Latex EnvironMolds - ArtMolds. Optional supplies, release agent (if needed) Paste wax or thinned soap.
As this first layer dries, it will become almost transparent. According to the ministry, only a few companies and individuals agreed to pay 300 to attackers, following the recommendations of law enforcement agencies. If a mother mold is needed, replace mold over original specimen, and apply rigid jacket material. Now you can duplicate figurines, sculptures and other items with safe, brushable latex rubber. Preferred release agents include paste wax or silicone spray. Store molds in a dark, dry location, at or below room temperature, but not below freezing. Otherwise the backing/jacket may be very difficult to lift. (Source: Statista) Seo Facts #35 Googles advertising revenue is larger than that of the entire.S. But when this information can be applied to a number of pages, these reports become more valuable and are coop obs haugesund pningstider prior to be checked. A complete guide for assessors Google is a 160 pages book. Apply additional coats of latex after the first coat is completely dry. When properly stored and cared for, a latex mold can remain serviceable for several years or more, and produce scores or even hundreds of casts.
Han bekrefter at mor og barn har skt tilflukt p ambassaden, og at de har vrt det siden torsdag. Jeg kan bekrefte at vi er gjort kjent med denne saken, men utover det er..
Mmer til Dgnenheten: og til enhetsleder Kristian Devold. E-sigaretter er heller ikke tillatt. Legevakten er pen p hverdager mellom 1600 og 0800. . Du har rett til innsyn i hele pasientjournalen din, dersom du..
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Solving environment problems should be the responsibility of an international organization rather than each national government. Do you agree or disagree?
There is no doubt that environment-related issues ought to be held responsible for by an international organization instead of individual countries. I disagree with this statement for some reasons.
There are numerous environmental issues such as climate change, melting glaciers and intensifying greenhouse effect happening on a global scale. As the argument goes, an international organization would act as a leader, issuing principles for all member countries to conform to or it will have sufficient financial capabilities to support the improvement of the environment. Cited cases are the Kyoto protocol has contributed to the slowing down of climate change on the earth, or the United Nations’ support for Third World countries have helped improve the air quality there. This argument, however, fails to take into consideration the fact that compulsion often backfires if an individual nation has no intention to cooperate, or the incentives provided can make recipient countries over reliant and avoid coming up with innovative ideas to resolve their country’s environmental situation. This in the long term exerts a negative overall global effect.
I side with those who think that each governmental body should take responsibility for addressing domestic environmental problems. Firstly, this practice would have a chain effect, benefiting not only the host country but also neighboring nations. For instance, if China diminishes its emissions by downsizing its industrial activities to a certain acceptable level, the air contamination in Hanoi would be reduced as a consequence. Secondly, the root of a complete resolution of environmental issues comes at grassroots level, only achieved by the efforts of a country’s government. If walking or cycling are promoted amongst those with an inclination to use private vehicles, this can help diminish the colossal volumes of exhaust gas, and ameliorate the communal air quality. Or, if people are encouraged to participate in the international Earth Hour when everyone is asked to turn their lights off in sixty minutes, huge amounts of power can be minimized. Enacting such events which are aimed at creating a mindset shift in the public regarding environmental protection and promoting a simple lifestyle can only be conducted by a country’s government.
In conclusion, uprooting environment problems should be the responsibility of each national government rather than an international organization.
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Second, fans and even teams are sometimes not such big fans of the companies that bought their stadium's name. A good example is that of the Philadelphia 76ers, whose owners have long refused to call the place where they play the Wells Fargo Arena, and instead use euphemisms like "the arena where we play". While impressively passive-aggressive, this does get in the way of Wells Fargo extracting maximum value for its stadium sponsorship. Some companies try to get around local truculence by purchasing naming rights to multiple stadiums, even in the same league, like the way American Airlines has done with rights to both Miami and Dallas.
The most recent example of name game fun is that of United Airlines and its $69-million deal for naming rights to the Los Angeles Memorial Colosseum. Under the deal with USC -- part of a $270-million renovation -- the stadium was to be renamed the United Airlines Memorial Colosseum. This is a strange name, to be fair, sounding more than slightly like it's a memorial to United Airlines, like United has gone away, which it hasn't, at least not yet.
Local politicians and veterans aren't happy, however, arguing that the new name gives short shrift to the key "Memorial" part of the name. The enterprising development people at USC have proposed changing the name, to something more like the United Airlines Field at Memorial Colosseum, which is a) a handful, and b) likely to, in practice, make the United Airlines Field part ignored, which already has United wondering why it should pay $69-million anyway. Perhaps unsurprisingly, United has offered to back out of the whole deal, which is causing more scrambling.
Given all of this, why do companies persist in purchasing naming rights for stadiums? The direct economic rationale is dodgy, given that it's not because having naming rights adds persistently to company profitability. Instead, it seems to be a combination of corporate ego, stadium owner greed, and small numbers of exclusive goods for sale. All of this suggests that nothing is going to change, and companies will keep purchasing naming rights, which will continue annoying fans, team, and politicians, but producing entertaining Wikipedia articles.
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What are the marks of a biblical church? There are 5 marks that demonstrate the church as the pillar and ground of the truth.
Scripture furnishes Christ’s blood-bought church with everything it needs to worship God effectively with the greatest degree of honor (John 4:24). The holy exaltation of God by his people is vital to giving him high praise in glorifying Christ in their worship before his uncompromising majesty. Such a congregation of holy worshippers have certain qualities that distinguish them from the world. In such a distinction, there are five non-negotiable marks of a biblical church without which, a church unchurches itself. These marks not only aid Christians to discern the nature of a healthy church, but differentiate the Spirit empowered qualities of a biblical church from that which is false.
C. Matthew McMahon, Ph.D., Th.D., is an American Calvinist Reformed theologian, and pastor of Grace Chapel in Crossville, TN. He is the founder and chairman of A Puritan’s Mind, the largest Reformed website on the internet for students of the Bible concerning Reformed Theology, the Puritans and Covenant Theology. He is also the founder of Puritan Publications which publishes rare Reformed and Puritan works from the 17th century, specializing in the Westminster Assembly.
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Please provide values below to convert radian [rad] to minute ['], or vice versa.
Definition: A radian (symbol: rad) is the standard unit of angular measure. It is a derived unit (meaning that it is a unit that is derived from one of the seven SI base units) in the International System of Units. An angle's measurement in radians is numerically equal to the length of a corresponding arc of a unit circle. One radian is equal to 180/π (~57.296) degrees.
History/origin: Measuring angles in terms of arc length has been used by mathematicians since as early as the year 1400. The concept of the radian specifically however, is credited to Roger Cotes who described the measure in 1714. Although he described the unit, Cotes did not name the radian, and it was not until 1873 that the term "radian" first appeared in print.
Current use: The radian is widely used throughout mathematics as well as in many branches of physics that involve angular measurements. Although the symbol "rad" is the accepted SI symbol, in practice, radians are often written without the symbol since a radian is a ratio of two lengths and is therefore, a dimensionless quantity. As such, when angle measures are written, the lack of a symbol implies that the measurement is in radians, while a ° symbol would be added if the measurement were in degrees.
Definition: A minute (symbol: min) is a unit of time based on the second, the base unit of the International System of Units (SI). It is equal to 60 seconds. Under Coordinated Universal Time, a minute can have a leap second, making the minute equal to 61 rather than 60 seconds.
History/origin: The term "minute" is derived from the Latin "pars minuta prima" which means the "first small part." The minute was originally defined as 1/60 of an hour (60 seconds), based on the average period of Earth's rotation relative to the sun, known as a mean solar day.
Current use: The minute, as a multiple of the second, is used for all manner of measurements of duration, from timing races, measuring cooking or baking times, number of heart beats per minute, to any number of other applications.
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What is that customer experience that every marketer is talking about? Every relationship requires listening, as well as talking. And you must be able to highlight your differences between your products and services, and those of your competitors.
We create digital experiences for brands communicating the unique services provided to our customers.
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Ratings highlights for the week of November 6, 2017 - November 12, 2017 in the U.S.
Primetime sports held the top two spots for the week in the 18-49s. NBC's 'Sunday Night Football' topped the week with a 5.8/20 adults 18-49 rating/share and 17.51 million viewers. 'Thursday Night Football' was second on the week with 4.0/16 demo rating & 13.1 million viewers; ABC's 'CMA Awards' notched a 3.2/12 & 14.27 million viewers.
On the scripted side, CBS's 'The Big Bang Theory' (2.8/11, 13.8M) topped the week, followed by NBC's 'This is Us' (2.6/9, 9.89M) and CBS's 'Young Sheldon' (2.2/8, 12.39M). On the CW, 'Dynasty' (0.22 18-49) dropped below 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' (0.24) to become the lowest-rated broadcast scripted series while 'Jane the Virgin' (647,000) was the lowest viewed. ABC's week was topped by 'Grey's Anatomy' (1.9/8, 8.13M) on the drama side, and 'The Middle' (1.3/5, 5.63M) on the comedy side. 'Empire' (1.8/7, 5.4M) and 'The Simpsons' (1.9/6, 4.75M) topped the week for FOX, while 'The Exorcist' (0.4/2, 1.27M) provided the net's low point. Other shows of note include NBC's 'The Blacklist' (0.9/3, 5.04M) and ABC's 'Scandal' (1.1/4, 5M) both of which performed modestly.
On Sunday, FOX's 4 p.m. 'NFL Football' coverage notched a 12.8 household rating with 21.963 million total viewers (8.62M in the demo). FOX's 1 p.m. coverage had a 7.43 HH rating with 12.35 million viewers, and CBS's 1 p.m. coverage was slightly lower with a 7.21 HH rating and 11.827 million viewers.
Table 1: household rating, 18-34 rating 18-49 rating (to two-decimal places for shows in which I had that data), 25-54 ratings, and total viewers.
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Is it time to raise our quality of life?
Ask yourself what we in the US value most. It's productivity and efficiency in my mind. Why do we obsess over these two things so much, especially since we place value them to the point of sacrificing our quality of life. We are willing to settle for so much cheap crap, so many broken relationships, so much emotional pain and isolation, all in the name of being efficient! I think it might be time to start letting some efficiency go in exchange for a higher quality of life.
Not spending every day and evening at the office in exchange for a better social life or family life.
Not settling for a crappy and dangerous pedestrian experience in the few walkable places of our cities in exchange for being able to get to your destination in a car 1 minute quicker.
Don't settle for being afraid to use all of your paid time off from work because you feel pressure in your workplace to be efficient and productive. You will be more productive if you learn how to relax and enjoy your life outside of work.
The list could go on. What are some other ways that we sacrifice a higher quality of life all in the name of efficiency?
Here's a light and easy topic for today's post: how do you handle extreme emotions in yourself? Ok, so I'm joking about that being a light topic. It clearly is not! As I've grown up and been in a "normal" everyday type of life having a career, friends, family, etc, I've noticed in myself that I have my reoccurring things/circumstances that cause me to feel extreme emotions. These are the types of emotions that make concentration difficult and normal relating to people sometimes challenging. And when these emotions keep occurring even though I talk through them, journal about them, gain some relational support around them and yet I keep feeling them, many times that leaves me in a weird position. It makes me realize that I am a complex being and my feelings are complex as well. Life circumstances both short-term and long-term are complex as well. There are no easy answers.
To get through these things, sometimes I simply power through an exercise routine to help clear my head, other times I need to talk with someone. But as I've learned in recent years, sometimes I just need to sit and wait - sometimes for days, months or even years before I understand my emotions and before resolution comes. Trusting this can be extremely difficult. So again, I'm curious, how do you handle the extreme emotions in your life? Are there any ways that you're not proud of how you handle your emotions?
Chuck is right on in this chapter. Our cultural approach to just about everything is to do the dumbest possible things, the things that bring quantity without looking at any of the important details that make up the quality of these things. In the case of jobs, we think that we'll continue to have better cities if only we create more jobs through two primary ways: increased infrastructure spending and playing the tax incentives game to attract jobs. So as Chuck asked, how's that working out? It's not, at all. We can no longer deny the qualitative side of things. Most cities in the US are literally crumbling. Ask yourself how can this be while we are still the richest country in the world?
The best economic strategy for a city is to create the most appealing and livable places that speak for themselves. If our places are utter crap in ways such as not being able to walk to things and having to drive everywhere, creating cheap built environment of the infrastructure and the building stock and having poor environmental conditions, then yes, you're going to have to bribe people to come and stay there. But why play that game? Why not create cities that are financially sustainable (meaning we don't build sprawl and we don't build new stuff only to abandon the old), visually attractive, highly walkable (again, less sprawl, more compactness), gives first class status to walking and biking instead of having to drive everywhere, making your city less noisy again by substantially reducing the need to drive a vehicle, encouraging and creating all kinds of fun local events to go to, be apart of and enjoy, etc.
I'm going to try a new thing. I've always wanted to be a more frequent blogger but I've never been able to accomplish that goal. So I'm going to try and move this blog into a daily discipline kind of category where I'll use my technology (my phone's calendar) to remind me to blog every day. It doesn't matter what the topic is, I just want to reflect on something and capture that here. I'm not entirely sure if I have regular readers on this blog yet, but if you are one, you'll start to get much more regular content! This is of course assuming that my discipline plan works after all.
One quick thought for today. I'm finding it very hard to focus on work today. I've not mentioned here before that I am a software engineer/project manager for my day job at Canonical and I work from home full time. That means I'm pretty much the master of my own destiny for my daily schedule (minus any work meetings that I have to attend). Today, with the weather being much more grey and cool as well as it getting darker and darker in the mornings and evenings and being at the tail end of jet lag from a work trip to Europe last week, I'm finding it very hard to focus and to sit in a chair. A friend suggested the Pomodoro technique to me today, which has been a great suggestion. I find that when I get this way, which thankfully is quite rare, a hard workout routine is also very helpful. I'll be doing that as a break from my work this afternoon. My question to you, my readers, is how often do you feel like this and what do you do when you experience this to still be productive at your desk job?
I've been reading through a fantastic book titled Stop Being Lonely: Three Simple Steps to Developing Close Friendships and Deep Relationships. This book has been nothing short of amazing and I highly recommend anyone reading this post should read this book.
While reading from it today, the text made me consider that I can further improve on listening to people without comparing or feeling comparison from things in my own past. When someone tells me something about their past, maybe how their mother treated them one time or that studying for math while going through school was really easy for them, I can't help but feel a comparison within me surface shifting the focus from them back to me. This is not helpful for developing closeness in that relationship!
Instead, what I'd like to start practicing is to not react and replace the reacting with a deepening interest in what that other person has confided to me. The book suggests that I can do that by asking inviting, generally open-ended questions with the goal of getting to know that other person's perspective in a better manner. The goal is not to have them simply state something from their past and then for me to state something from my past in a back-and-forth comparison kind of way. Why? Because that is a surfacy, competitive game of conversational ping pong. It does not allow me to better get to know anything about that person because I didn't use those moments with them to ponder and consider what they told me about themselves. I quickly replaced it with my own past experience leaving that conversation in an awkward surface state. The natural result is for that conversation to die pretty quickly, especially after this is established as a relational pattern. People will have a hard time feeling close to me, thus causing me to wonder what's wrong with myself (again, the same pattern). This kind of relating takes great confidence and I believe it also is self-reinforcing in creating even more confidence.
It's time to practice a different way of relating, one that I believe will reap huge relational rewards for not only myself, but everyone else in relationship with me. I'm excited to get started on this practice! Share your thoughts on this in the comments below.
I've been contemplating moving from my current city of Indianapolis for the last several months. At first, I was looking into and trying to move forward on moving to London, UK. For me it made a lot of sense: I know several people there and some of these people quite well, the company I work for is headquartered there which would provide me the ability to work out of the office when I want to for when I need social interaction, and I've always wanted to try living in Europe. But alas, my company isn't able to sponsor me moving there. So presently that's just not a possibility. Without a proper work visa I can't be there for longer than 3 months.
US culture is so fickle. We're glued to our smart phones even in the presence of other outstanding people. We live in isolated suburbs that take 30+ minutes to get to anything and we wonder why we feel so alone. We are so scared of being professional irrelevant that we don't know how to take any quality time off from our jobs. Even when we have more than 2 weeks of holiday, many Americans still don't use up their base 2 weeks. We are trained to consume things in a temporary manner, dispose of them and then look forward to the new shiny thing. We do this with objects and we do this with people. It's another reason we're so lonely.
Our cities are still car-centric. Even NYC with it's great subway system and dense living which is highly walkable, it still has wide one way streets that feel like crossing interstate highways. Contrast this to many European cities where roads are generally narrow and even in the middle of these, there exist raised islands for pedestrian safety. We just don't quite know how to pay or and implement these basic traits that Europe has gotten right for decades now. Cities need to be designed and retrofitted for pedestrians first - always. Anything else creates what we have today which are more about commercial throughput and efficiency of vehicles rather than productivity and livability of human beings.
For me, too much choice really is a bad thing. I much prefer a smaller curated list of whatever it is I'm trying to choose be it craft beer, food, or the place that I'll call home. The list of possible cities and regions in the US is staggering.
The thought of leaving existing friends is a troubling one to me. Indianapolis is a great place in many ways with many things going for it, but it's primarily the people I know who are why I've remained here for many years. But there are great people everywhere and I want a place that has a highly livable city with incredible nature and outdoor activities to do. Indiana is not that place. I feel like a fish out of water here. I think it's just hard to make such a decision as to uproot and move, especially when the only other time I've done that was when I first came to Indy to attend college. But all great decisions start with some risk and some challenges. Anybody else have thoughts or stories about a large move that you made?
I'm creating this new blog as a sort of experiment for myself. I'm 34 year old single male who has a lot of questions about my life journey and this world I live in. I want to better explore this journey by capturing my thoughts and my feelings into a public space where I hope to gain a community of similar minded individuals to participate with my by commenting and engaging. As I said before, this is an experiment and something that will evolve. If you're reading this thanks for engaging with me and please keep coming back and exploring with me!
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Event held on 1 March 2011 (venue: The British Academy).
The Rt Hon David Willetts MP used the newly redeveloped Wolfson Auditorium at the British Academy to voice his continued support of the arts, humanities and social sciences.
The Minister said: "'Quite simply, the humanities and social sciences are essential to a civilised society... They are deep sources of human satisfaction, helping us to navigate our way through the world – both as individuals and as a society."
"The university, as an institution ... works because of its range. Arts, humanities and social sciences are a crucial part of the life of such institutions."
Speaking to an invited audience, Mr Willetts also used the event to announce Government funding of £33.5m to a special project utilising social science research. The 2012 Birth Cohort Study 'will investigate how pre-natal influences, as well as the interplay of genetic and environmental factors affect human development' in a bid to "transform our ability to compare the lives and life changes of different generations".
What should the word of God sound like?
In November 2011, the British Academy hosted an event to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams FBA, considered the role that the King James Bible still plays in providing us with a sense of sacred English.
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Fred is 17 years old and is serving a sentence followed by nine months of probation for robbery, which is an indictable offence. If Fred commits another offence after he turns 18, what will happen to his youth record?
It will be closed when he turns 18.
It will be closed five years after his latest offence.
It will be closed five years and nine months after his latest offence.
It may become part of his adult record and be subject to adult record provisions.
It will be closed five years and nine months after he has completed his latest sentence.
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0.999993 |
There are at least two bands called Insania. One is from Stockholm, Sweden and the second one from Czech republic. Next text is about the Sweden one, for more information about the Czech one, check out their website.
Insania was founded in 1992 by two musicians from Stockholm - Mikko Korsbäck (drums) and Henrik Juhano (guitar). The goal was to write and play music in the vein of Helloween, Gamma Ray and Blind Guardian. Henrik had earlier played in various garage bands. In the band was also bassist Tomas Stolt, who left the band after a short while, to play in with other acts, but returned in 1996 and has been with the band since. Mikko knew a guy from school whose name was Niklas Dahlin, and he became the second guitarist of the band. After keyboardist Patrik Västilä and vocalist David Henriksson from the northern parts of Sweden had joined - (Mikko had earlier handled the vocals, but wanted to concentrate on the drums from now on, since singing had become too tiresome) - the line-up was complete.
They released two demos followed by their first studio album in 1999, called World of Ice. It was followed by Sunrise In Riverland one year later. The album was recorded in Finnvox studios with renowned producer Mikko Karmila. After the release, several gigs followed in Sweden.
The band has lost and replaced many members over the years. In 2001, after a short tour with Saxon, David Henriksson decided to leave the band and return to his hometown in northern Sweden, since he did not feel any motivation to continue anymore. After a short search, the band found a new and very talented singer in Ola Halén from Nacka. Returning to Finland, the band started recording their third album. Mikko Karmila was once again recruited for the producing duties, and Fantasy - A New Dimension was released in February 2003 - almost half a year after the recordings.
At the end of 2002 keyboardist Patrik Västilä told the band he wanted to quit, to focus on his studies. The band found a new keyboardist in Dimitri Keiski, who was recommended by Ola Halén, who knew him since earlier. Shortly thereafter, both guitarists Henrik Juhano and Niklas Dahlin left the band for personal reasons. Fortunately, the thirty-one year old Peter Östros from Haninge (a suburb of Stockholm) took their places. It was decided to continue with only one guitarist, so as to give more space to the keyboards. A new demo was recorded between December 2003 and January 2004 with four new songs, showcasing the abilities of the new line-up regarding the composing of songs and the versatility of musical skills.
In the summer of 2005, the band signed a record deal with Swedish label Black Lodge (Sound Pollution). The band is currently in preproduction mode for their fourth full length album, heading for the studio in the autumn of 2005, for a spring 2006 release.
Es gibt auch noch eine Band aus Deutschland mit dem Namen "Insania". Das Album "one more .... one less" wurde 1995 mit Cheesy (vocals), Gary (guitar, bass und keyboards) sowie Wolle (drums) im Delta Studio produziert und bei battery veröffentlicht.
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Are these Bill Murray stories true or false?
Bill Murray's spontaneous interactions with total strangers have become so legendary that they've spawned a meme: dedicated sites that collate user-submitted tales of bizarre encounters with the actor (many of which end with him saying, "No one will ever believe you"). Can you distinguish which of these stories are real and which are fake?
1. Once, when Bill Murray was in Bali, he drove a motorcycle into the interior and got completely lost. Stranded, he went into a shop and started talking to the locals. He took one of their hats and started clowning around, eventually putting on a show for the whole village. In return, they helped get him home.
2. In 1975, he crashed the afterparty for the premiere of Tommy after persuading the caterers to let him and his friends (including John Belushi and Harold Ramis) in through the back door. He went up to Andy Warhol and, nervous, exclaimed, "I love the soup can!"
Warhol's only response was a withering look.
3. Murray was in Scotland to play golf about ten years ago, when he came across a student who invited him to a house party. He decided to go, so she rocked up with him in tow. To say thank you for her hospitality, he did all the washing up that had amassed in the students' sink.
4. One night, Murray was in a taxi in Oakland, California and discovered that his driver played the saxophone - and that he had it in the car. He insisted that they swap seats. Murray drove the rest of the journey, while the other guy played in the back - only stopping to enjoy some barbecued ribs with his new friend - all the way to his destination.
"We met in Hong Kong, so it was like Lost In Translation, except both of us were Bill Murray"
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-------------- "Deep Space 9" -------------- You've gotten plastered for Star Trek, you've gotten wrecked sipping every time Capt. Picard adjusted his shirt, and now you've got yet another excuse to drink beer: the "Deep Space 9" drinking game. Like the ST and ST:TNG games, a drink is taken for common events that are part of the show (such as Kirk always kissing the (alien) girl, Worf getting beat up, etc). Some fans start to look forward to these events. Just so I don't get blamed for somebody spewing, it's recommended that you use shots or small gulps of beer when you take a drink. You may want to have some harder stuff for special events mentioned below, or chug a whole beer as suggested. Before the show starts, everyone picks a character. Everytime the character you picked gets into a confrontation, conflict, or fight, take a drink. Plus take a drink whenever: -something isn't working properly on the station -anyone says 'DS9' as the name of the space station -violence breaks out on the promenade ring -the wormhole is shown/opens (this includes the opening credits) -the station is shown from outside -the 'cog' airlocks are used/operated -any door is seen opened manually (if it's a 'cog', take two) -somebody mentions Bjor (only one drink per line; any number during the scene) -Sisko threatens somebody -someone hits on Dax -Odo is puzzled by humanoid behavior -the Cardasian spy uses clothing as a euphemism for something else -Dr. Bashir suggests something patently unwise And then take a drink AND do an action everytime: -someone rides the elevator to/from the control room action: say "going up?" or "going down?" -a shuttlecraft is shown action: guess the name of the craft out loud -Odo shapeshifts action: say "Jell-O!" -O'Brien uses the transporters action: nostalgic sigh -Jake Sisko gets in trouble action: say "Kids these days!" -Kira has a case of divided loyalties action: put a drink in each hand and have a drink from both -Quark is seen behind the bar action: take a second drink, or have a shot of something stronger Plus, chug a whole beer when and if: -someone from Star Trek: The Next Generation makes an appearance (members of the O'Brien family don't count, but secondary characters and extras _if_ you can identify them _absolutely_ do count) -Sisko backs down or knuckles under to someone else -Odo does something intentionally humorous -Dr. Bashir does something clever not related to medicine. -Dax gets into an amorous (sexual) encounter -O'Brien is asked to jury-rig something to save the day and it doesn't work -Quark does something selfless An average one hour episode consumes three beers per participant.
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0.999942 |
Is Saturn's Innermost Moon Actually a parked Alien Spaceship, Resupplying itself with Water?
Be honest: What does this look like to you? A natural satellite, or an alien spaceship in orbit around Saturn?
When Astronomer Mark Showalter analyzed old Voyager 2 probe photos in 1990, he discovered something shocking: An enormous UFO parked in orbit around Saturn.
But wait, there's more: It is vacuuming in ice crystals from Saturn's innermost ring, just what you might expect a visiting starship to do.
Publicly, NASA says Pan is a small, saucer shaped moon approximately 20 miles across and 15 miles wide that orbits within the Encke Gap in Saturn's A Ring. In mythology, Pan was a shepherd. The small moon is a "ring shepherd," responsible for keeping a gap between rings free of ring particles.
If it quacks like a duck and walks like a duck, it's a duck. This "moon" does exactly what you would expect a large UFO from another galaxy to do. It is resupplying itself with water, using the most obvious and easiest to access a source. And it looks like, well, you tell me.
A nuclear submarine can remain submerged for months because it splits hydrogen from oxygen in water, burning the hydrogen as fuel and breathing the oxygen. A spaceship could do the same, as long as it had a source of water.
This is not the first time a small moon in our solar system has been theorized to actually be a large spaceship. In the late 1950s and 1960s, the unusual orbital characteristics of Martian moon Phobos led to speculations that it might be hollow.
Around 1958, Russian astrophysicist Iosif Shklovsky, studying the secular acceleration of Phobos's orbital motion, suggested a "thin sheet metal" structure for Phobos, a suggestion which led to speculations that Phobos was of artificial origin. That it was in fact, an alien spaceship.
Shklovsky based his analysis on estimates of the upper Martian atmosphere's density, and deduced that for the weak braking effect to be able to account for the secular acceleration, Phobos had to be very light-one calculation yielded a hollow iron sphere 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) across but less than 6 cm thick.
Like a spaceship from Earth built by Nasa, Phobos and Pan are apparently both make from the alien equivalent of sheet metal--perhaps titanium hulls.
The alien's may actually have parked their ship around Saturn prior to 1985. These are clearly beings who can manipulate not just space, but also time, because the two are linked through Einstein's famous equation.
Is Pan, like Phobos, a discarded UFO-- an ancient alien spacecraft? From NASA, the people who brought you (and then denied) the Face on Mars, comes a new enigma: The Flying Saucer orbiting Saturn.
In 1986 Showalter et al. inferred its orbit and mass by modeling its gravitational wake. They arrived at a very precise prediction of 133,603 ± 10 km for the semi-major axis and a mass of 5–10×10−12 Saturn masses, and inferred that there was only a single moon within the Encke gap. The actual semi-major axis differs by 19 km and the actual mass is 8.6×10−12 of Saturn's.
Did NASA hide Pan's discovery from us long enough to understand its true origin? What does Pan portend for our future? Did its crew die before the resupply was complete, or are they in suspended animation? Only further study will likely answer these and other questions.
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The canoe trip down the Endrick and Shoalhaven was published in the Sunday Times (Sydney NSW) of 18 October 1908 (page 20 of edition no. 1187). The Sunday Times was a weekly publication of 24 pages; pages 13 to 24 forming the Magazine Section. The newspaper offices were in Castlereagh St., Sydney and the paper cost twopence. The text was written by E. P. Dark, Ralph Blacket's friend and companion on the canoe trip. Here is the text as given in the newspaper.
My friend, Ralph Blacket, and I, started our trip on Friday, December 27,1907. First of all, our outfit, consisting of a 15ft. canoe built of quarter-inch cedar, provisions for a fortnight, firearms, camera, &c., had to be carted from St. George's Basin to the Endrick, near Nerriga.
We had lunch where the main Nowra-Braidwood road crosses the head of the Danjera Creek. Only a few hundred yards down the creek there is a fine waterfall about 300 ft. deep; on either side of the falls, perpendicular cliffs open out like a gigantic horseshoe, walling in a valley of exceptional beauty; the whole reminded me of Govett's Leap, on a slightly less majestic scale.
We reached the Endrick at nightfall, and camped at a picturesque crossing. Next day we started down the river and about a mile below the crossing came to the Endrick Falls, our first real difficulty. At the head of the falls the river was broken by a number of rapids, where the water raced along between great jagged masses of rock and finally hurled itself over a perpendicular cliff into a pool some 300 ft. below. The falls seemed to mark a sharp dividing line in the character of the country bordering the river; above it was comparatively grassy and undulating, while below it was shut in by rugged mountains that towered a good thousand feet above its bed. It was a matter of considerable difficulty to get the canoe round the falls for on both sides the banks were fairly steep. After several hours exploration, we decided to try the right bank where we had to make a detour of over a mile through rough country, and it was not till the afternoon of the next day that we reached the riverbed again. On account of the weight of the canoe and provisions we had to make two trips whenever a portage was necessary.
We had not gone far down the river from our new starting point before we found that in the Endrick, at any rate, there would be very little navigating to be done, but plenty of carrying, as sometimes the water entirely disappeared beneath large boulders for half a mile at a stretch while the pools never exceeded 150 yards in length. But we were rewarded for our sore shoulders and tired feet by the magnificent scenery, shooting, and the splendid swims we had in the clear pools after a hard day's work; while at night we would wrap ourselves in a rug beneath some fine old oak tree and fall asleep, listening to the gentle music of the river and the sighing of the night breeze in the oaks.
We travelled thus along the Endrick till Friday, January 3 when reached the Shoalhaven with our provisions. The next day we had to carry the canoe practically alI of the last four miles down the Endrick, in the broiling sun, over scorching rocks, and with our sandshoes almost worn out, so that, when we reached the Shoalhaven we were not sorry to think that on the morrow we could have a day's rest. The whole of the Endrick that we traveled had the same general features . Its course was tortuous in the extreme, for in no part was it possible to see straight down the bed of the river for more that half a mile. From the falls down the banks on both sides are high, averaging about 1,000 feet but they are absolutely perpendicular only in a few places being generally composed of detached layers of rock much broken up. The river falls rapidly, but the descent is accomplished by steps" rather than by a steady slope. It is "navigable" only by means of series of pools varying in length from 50 to 150 yards, and sometimes half a mile apart; between them the water flows through large boulders and several times disappears from sight altogether, the water evidently fiItering through beneath the rocks. In one place the river flows in two distinct levels, one ten or twelve feet higher than the other. The water is magnificently clear, and in the pools, some of which appear to be of great depth, assumes a beautiful shade of light green, All along the banks are dotted with magnificent oaks, and alI the oldest of these have the bark knocked off on the side facing upstream to a height of about 20 ft. from the ground, thus bearing testimony to the violence of the floods that thunder down the Endrick. The river abounds in fish and spIendid shooting is obtainable on the banks.
On starting down the Shoalhaven on Monday we found that there was much more water in it than in the Endrick, but still it was very low and muddy so that the canoe sometimes came into violent contact with hidden rocks, and that, together with dragging her over shallows and through rapids, cracked the planking a good deal. The mountains beside this part of the Shoalhaven were lower and less precipitous than those beside the Endrick, and were dotted with kurrajong trees, and some species of large shrub covered with beautiful pointed silvery leaves.
During the day we only covered five miles; still it was more than we had been able to do in the Endrick. On Thursday afternoon we passed through the "Block-Up, a magnificent gorge nearly a mile long. On either side jagged walls of rock rose perpendicularly from the water to a height of about 1200 feet. Near the middle of the ravine two chasms have been rent in the cliffs on opposite sides of the river, and down these in flood time rush seething torrents which hurl themselves into the river and add to the chaotic grandeur of the scene, as the boiling waters thunder through the gorge.
A little later a heavy thunderstorm came on and we were expecting an uncomfortable night, when we caught sight of smoke rising through the trees about half a mile ahead and here we found a prospector' s tent, and those of surveyors who were marking out his claim. The prospector gave us a real bush welcome and soon had a substantial meal ready for us, after which he gave us the use of a comfortable tent. While on the Shoalhaven we noticed several abandoned claims, and only the day before we had seen a large pumping engine, and other machinery, apparently in good order. But we had not met anybody since leaving Nerriga.
In the morning our host directed us to Bungonia which was not marked on our map, as we wished to get more provisions. The town lay about seven miles west of the mine, and after the 2,000 feet climb to get from the river bed to the plateau the country was fairly level but the ground was very poor until we got near the town, which possesses a post office, police station, church, two stores and an hotel.
After dinner on Friday we took Ieave of our generous friend, who, in true bush fashion refused to take any payment for our two days board. By Tuesday /08) we had passed the Shoalhaven Look-Down", a limestone precipice 1,500 feet high, and Barber's Creek, and were among the famous Shoalhaven gullies. On either side of the river the banks receded with a bold sweep, rapidly becoming steeper and terminating in sheer precipices, sometimes I,500 feet high. In some places the slopes were short, steep, and rugged, while the cIiffs almost overhung the river. In others, deep gullies with dense vegetation, among which were many cedars, stretched far back, but always, above all, hung that grim unbroken wall of rock. For two days and a half we did not see a single place where it would have been possible to reach the top of the cliffs 2,000 feet above the river. Several creeks come in here, forming waterfalls, one of which had a drop of about 900 feet, but unfortunately, on account of the drought, the creeks were dry, and we saw nothing but the stains of the water on the cliffs.
During Thursday afternoon we Ieft the rugged country behind us, and that night we camped at the junction of the Kangaroo and Shoalhaven; the Kangaroo had ceased to flow, and by this time there was no more than trickle in the Shoalhaven.
From there to Burria the river was a good deal more open, but there were still some long stretches of carrying to done, while from Burria the river is tidal. By travelling 43 hours out of the next two days, and leaving the canoe at Nowra, we got back to St. Georges Basin at 3 o'clock on Sunday morning, January 19.
The trip had been well worth taking in every way for both on the Endrick and Shoalhaven the scenery had been magnificent and game plentiful, wallabies, wallaroos, duck, pigeons, lyre-birds, with rabbits and a few kangaroos on the tableland above the river, and fish and eels in the river. I would advise anybody who thought of taking a trip down the Shoalhaven to have his canoe taken to Corang, as I have seen that since, and with the exception of the last mile, there are very few places where it would be necessary to carry a canoe. The scenery certainly is not so good as that on the Endrick, but it should be possible to get from where the Oallen Ford road crosses the Corang to the Shoalhaven in a day; and once in the Shoalhaven the rest should be fairly easy in a good season, for we averaged eight miles a day when the river was lower than it had been for 60 years as we were told in Bungonia.
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This essay explains Peter Singer\'s goal in his article \"Famine, Affluence, and Morality,\" provides three counterarguments to Singer\'s claims, defines his concept of \'marginal utility\', and compares the concepts of duty and charity as presented by Singer.
Peter Singer, in his 1972 influential article titled “Famine, Affluence, and Morality,” offers a seemingly scourging critique of the ordinary outlook by individuals and developed nations regarding charity, famine relief, and morality. He contends that it is in the power of such nations to prevent the happening of bad things without sacrificing something of equivalent moral significance. More than four decades later, this kind of ethical reasoning appears valid, particularly in view of the deferral of foreign aid commitment by many developed nations. After all, nothing commands a moral importance equivalent to that of the very survival and, indeed, the welfare of the most vulnerable people in the world (Singer, 1972, p. 229). While Singer’s considerations reveal that people should do significantly more than is currently being done, they fail to establish his ratiocinations in their full strength. His point of view admits of a partial solution, which once suitably qualified may lead to some conviction.
Singer rationalizes his claim that developed nations have a moral obligation to assist poorer nations by providing an analogy of a person who witnesses a drowning child. He posits that the person is morally obligated to save the child from drowning. According to Singer, this duty exists because it is accepted that the site of a drowning child is not a good thing. Therefore, if an individual has a moral duty to rescue a drowning child, it is sensible to extend this moral duty to protecting poorer nations from famine and starvation. This duty exists regardless of how people choose to act (Barnett & Weiss, 2008, p. 143). There are a number of counter-arguments that could be offered to Singer’s perspective. First, while this argument may seem uncontroversial and straightforward at first glance, it fails to take into account distance or proximity. Singer assumes that no matter how far or close one is to the source of agony, the moral obligation to assuage that suffering remains the same. To address this counter-argument, Singer alludes to the concept of equality.
Based on the moral concepts of impartiality and equality, Singer argues that it is not proper to discriminate against someone based on proximity and that someone’s distance does not make their agony any less worthy of the moral duty to help. The needs of an individual in Bengal cannot be looked at based on his distance if the principles of equality and impartiality are to be considered (Singer, 1972, p. 790). Second, Singer tackles the possible counter-argument that individuals may be unable to appraise the needs of Bengal people in a proper manner because their money may be able to benefit the less fortunate in their own communities. According to Singer, globalization has rendered this argument unacceptable. He argues that aid organizations have become extremely efficient, and the plights of Bengal people have been widely publicized by news agencies across the globe.
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Does the newborn shake his chin need to panic or not?
Quite often young mothers, especiallyInexperienced treat their babies with a special, and sometimes excessive trembling. They begin to worry about it, and without it. So, the question "why does the newborn have a chin?", Every mother asks herself, probably.
At least with the first child for sure.
Let's try to understand, because of whatThe chin of an infant is shaking, in which cases there are no reasons for excitement, and when it is still worthwhile to show the baby to the doctor. If a newborn has a shaking chin, and also hands or feet at the moment when he cries, there is nothing to worry about. In children up to three months of age, the tremor is not considered pathology. These involuntary twitches of the muscles on the face, arms or legs are due to the fact that the little man still has immature nervous and endocrine systems.
A baby younger than three months old has not yetThe processes of development of nerve centers that regulate and control motor reflexes have come to the end. In addition to this, norepinephrine, excessively produced by immature adrenals, exacerbates such manifestations of emotion. In the end, it turns out that the kid tries to express his desire to eat or chat, but it turns out a kind of "hysteria" of the muscles.
Most often it is the physical load (and hereYou can also include sucking breast milk) and emotions (the joy of the mother's presence or the fear of loneliness in the room, just the desire to communicate) are the causes that trigger the tremor of the chin, hands or feet in the baby. The kid is just overexcited.
But my mom should be on the alert if the baby does notStrained (including eating), did not cry and did not experience other emotions (for example, he woke up alone in the room and did not see anyone next to him), but at the same time he has a tremor of limbs or chin.
Arising involuntary twitching of the muscles inSuch a situation can be signs of hypertonicity of the musculature. Here, of course, you need a doctor's consultation. Only he will decide how to help your baby relax the strained muscles.
In such situations, as a rule, it is recommendedRelaxing massage, warm baths with broths of lemon balm and mint, as they have a calming effect on the nervous system. Such baths are made no more than three times a week, as broths can cause allergies.
Not bad helps also foam for the bathroom or a little for the skin with lavender. You can hang in the arena (on the back, or put in the legs under the mattress) cushion with dried collection of soothing herbs.
But, firstly, only with the permission of the doctor,Because the aroma of herbs can cause an allergic reaction from the respiratory system, and secondly, for the same reason away from the child's head. Do not need intensive exposure - a light enough aroma.
In cases where your child has more than threeMonths, or at the child the chin, but also all head shakes - immediately address to the doctor. Obsessive muscle twitching can be a symptom of serious pathologies of the nervous system.
Hypoxia of the fetus during pregnancy. In this situation, the brain receives an insufficient amount of oxygen, its development processes are wrong and as a result - after birth, there is a tremor. Provocative hypoxia can be placental pathologies, intrauterine infections (both bacterial and viral), polyhydramnios, maternal vaginal activity or, on the contrary, too fast deliveries, umbilical cord entanglement, premature placental abruption, etc.
Another question that often torments the youngMom - why there was a rash on the nose or on the child's chin. The skin of a newborn baby after delivery experiences many changes and adapts to life "outside".
Various endocrinological processes in itCan cause a small physiological rash without obvious signs of inflammation. These are small, not very conspicuous pimples, sometimes look like a white dot or droplet under the skin.
Such a rash is not a cause for unnecessary anxiety, it does not require specific treatment and will disappear by itself - your baby's skin just adapts to the environment.
But in cases where the rash is presentedReddish dots, with liquid contents or merges into large spots - this is already an occasion to call a doctor. Such phenomena can cause allergic reactions, severe infectious diseases, hormonal disorders or hereditary diseases. Do not delay with the consultation in time to recognize and stop the disease.
Summarizing, we can say that at any ageHaving found out in the child a tremor or an eruption, it is better to reinsure and address to the doctor. But, even if your baby has some kind of pathology, the earlier you find it, the easier it will be to eliminate it.
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Looters seem to have rolled the dice and lost when they plundered the tomb of an ancient aristocrat in Qingzhou City, China. When archaeologists uncovered the 2,300-year-old tomb, they found pieces of a mysterious board game, as well as the body of a suspected thief.
Excavations of the tomb and the five burial pits within revealed grave goods, including a 14-sided die, 21 game pieces, and broken bits of a game board, reports LiveScience.
There was evidence the tomb had been extensively looted. Indeed, archaeologists encountered the remains of what may have been one of the grave robbers lying in one of the 26 shafts made by the thieves.
The 21 rectangular game pieces have numbers painted on them as well. The broken tile from the game board was pieced together by experts. It had been decorated with two eyes surrounded by clouds and thunder.
It’s believed the various artifacts belong to the lost game of “Liubo”, an enigmatic board game that hasn’t been played for some 1,500 years.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art writes that Liubo was a popular game in ancient China, during the Han dynasty becoming the most popular board game in the imperial court and in common circles. It included many playing pieces, including dice, chess pieces, a square board, and even cutting and scraping knifes. The game fell out of favor and stopped being played about 1,500 years ago.
How exactly Liubo was played has been lost to time, but thanks to archaeological discoveries of game boards and pieces, as well as images of people playing, knowledge of the game has increased. It is believed each player moved six game pieces around the square board. A roll of sticks or dice determined the movements in the game.
“The historian Sima Qian (ca. 145–86 B.C.) tells a legend of a Shang-dynasty (1600–1100 B.C.) emperor who forced his subjects to play liubo using pieces shaped like the gods. Not daring to overcome the emperor, his opponents would let him win, and the emperor then declared he was victorious over the gods themselves,” reports MetMuseum.org.
According to The Standard Times , it is not known who the tomb belonged to, but archaeologists believe that it may have been built for the aristocracy of "Qi," an ancient state in China which was conquered by the first emperor of China in 221 BC.
The excavated tomb, measuring approximately 330 feet (100 meters) long, has two ramps on either side leading to stairs which descend into the heavily looted burial chamber. It was long ago topped with an earthen burial mound, which is now gone.
Details about the suspected looter, such as age or gender, or even when he or she died have yet to be determined.
According to LiveScience, archaeologists excavated the tomb in 2004 but the findings were not reported until 2014. Details have now been published by researchers from the Qingzhou Municipal Museum and Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology in the English-language journal Chinese Cultural Relics .
Dice and chance games date back 40,000 years . The world’s oldest gaming board, called Senet, was found in predynastic and First Dynasty burials in Egypt dating back to 3500 and 3100 BC respectively. Because of the element of luck in the game and the Egyptian belief in determinism, it was believed that good players were under the protection of the gods. Consequently, Senet boards were often placed in the grave alongside other useful objects for the dangerous journey through the afterlife.
The fate of the looter in the Chinese tomb shows that ancient burial sites are not something to play around with.
Examples of ancient board games have been found in many countries throughout the world, showing that entertainment was considered an important aspect of society in many ancient civilizations. In Iraq, game board pieces dating back 5,000 years have been found belonging to what is now called the ‘Royal Game of Ur’ played in Mesopotamia – it was a racing game based on a set of knucklebone dice. Archaeological evidence suggest that ancient Egyptians also enjoyed board games. Even Queen Nefertari, the famous wife of Ramesses II, was portrayed in her tomb while playing a board game called Senet. The second most famous game in ancient Egypt was Mehen, of which the first evidence is as old as 3,000 BC. It was very popular during the Old Kingdom, and remained prevalent at least until the Third Intermediate Period. In India, game boards relating to the modern game of Snakes and Ladders have been found dated to the 2 nd century AD, and in July 2018, archaeologists discovered a rare Viking game board in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
China was very backward in history.
1) China entered metal age 1000 years later than Middle East, Europe, South Asia.
2) China entered Iron age 600 years later than Europe and Near East.
3) Glass was invented 5500 years ago, it was before the Chinese history.
Europe had domesticated horses 2000 years before China had.
4) When European and Middle Eastern built stone/brick houses, Chinese kings lived in a mud palace.
Erlitou, the capital of China (2100 BC – 1600 BC) was built by mud.
China was the last of the "ancient" civilizations to develop writing.
Middle East invented writing 5000 years ago.
European invented writing 7000 years ago, Vinča Script.
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Bjarke Bundgaard Ingels (Danish pronunciation: [ˈbjɑːgə ˈbɔngɒːˀ ˈeŋˀl̩s]; born 2 October 1974) is a Danish architect, founder and creative partner of Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), widely known for buildings that defy convention while incorporating sustainable development principles and bold sociological concepts.
In Denmark, Ingels became well known after designing two housing complexes in Ørestad: VM Houses and Mountain Dwellings. In 2006 he founded Bjarke Ingels Group, which grew to a staff of 400 by 2015, with noted projects including the 8 House housing complex, VIA 57 West in Manhattan, the Google North Bayshore headquarters (co-designed with Thomas Heatherwick), the Superkilen park, and the Amager Resource Center (ARC) waste-to-energy plant — the latter which incorporates both a ski slope and climbing wall on the building exterior.
Since 2009, Ingels has won numerous architectural competitions. He moved to New York City in 2012, where in addition to the VIA 57 West, BIG won a design contest after Hurricane Sandy for improving Manhattan's flood resistance, and are now designing the new Two World Trade Center building. Ingels and his company are the subject of the 2017 documentary BIG Time.
In 2011, the Wall Street Journal named Ingels Innovator of the Year for architecture. and in 2016 Time Magazine named him one of the 100 Most Influential People.
Born in Copenhagen in 1974, Ingel's father is an engineer and his mother is a dentist. Hoping to become a cartoonist, he began studying architecture in 1993 at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, thinking it would help him improve his drawing skills. After several years, he began an earnest interest in architecture. He continued his studies at the Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura in Barcelona, and returned to Copenhagen to receive his diploma in 1999. As a third-year student in Barcelona, he set up his first practice and won his first competition.
Alongside his architectural practice, Ingels has been a visiting professor at the Rice University School of Architecture, the Harvard Graduate School of Design, the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, and most recently, the Yale School of Architecture.
From 1998 to 2001, Ingels worked for Rem Koolhaas at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture in Rotterdam. In 2001, he returned to Copenhagen to set up the architectural practice PLOT together with Belgian OMA colleague Julien de Smedt. The company received national and international attention for their inventive designs. They were awarded a Golden Lion at the Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2004 for a proposal for a new music house for Stavanger, Norway.
PLOT completed a 2,500 m2 (27,000 sq ft) series of five open-air swimming pools, Islands Brygge Harbour Bath, on the Copenhagen Harbour front with special facilities for children in 2003. They also completed Maritime Youth House, a sailing club and a youth house at Sundby Harbour, Copenhagen.
The first major achievement for PLOT was the award-winning VM Houses in Ørestad, Copenhagen, in 2005. Inspired by Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation concept, they designed two residential blocks, in the shape of the letters V and M (as seen from the sky); the M House with 95 units, was completed in 2004, and the V House, with 114 units, in 2005. The design places strong emphasis on daylight, privacy and views. Rather than looking over the neighboring building, all of the apartments have diagonal views of the surrounding fields. Corridors are short and bright, rather like open bullet holes through the building. There are some 80 different types of apartment in the complex, adaptable to individual needs. The building garnered Ingels and Smedt the Forum AID Award for the best building in Scandinavia in 2006. Ingels lived in the complex until 2008 when he moved into the adjacent Mountain Dwellings.
In 2005, Ingels also completed the Helsingør Psychiatric Hospital in Helsingør, a hospital which is shaped like a snowflake. Each room of the hospital was specially designed to have a view, with two groups of rooms facing the lake, and one group facing the surrounding hills.
After PLOT was disbanded at the end of 2005, in January 2006 Ingels made Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) its own company. It grew to 400 employees by 2016.
BIG began working on the 25-metre-high (82 ft) Mountain Dwellings on the VM houses site in the Ørestad district of Copenhagen, combining 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft) of housing with 20,000 m2 (220,000 sq ft) of parking and parking space, with a mountain theme throughout the building. The apartments scale the diagonally sloping roof of the parking garage, from street level to 11th floor, creating an artificial, south facing 'mountainside' where each apartment has a terrace measuring around 93 m2 (1,000 sq ft). The parking garage contains spots for 480 cars. The space has up to 16-metre-high (52 ft) ceilings, and the underside of each level of apartments is covered in aluminium painted in a distinctive colour scheme of psychedelic hues which, as a tribute to Danish 1960s and '70s furniture designer Verner Panton, are all exact matches of the colours he used in his designs. The colours move, symbolically, from green for the earth over yellow, orange, dark orange, hot pink, purple to bright blue for the sky. The northern and western facades of the parking garage depict a 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) photorealistic mural of Himalayan peaks. The parking garage is protected from wind and rain by huge shiny aluminium plates, perforated to let in light and allow for natural ventilation. By controlling the size of the holes, the sheeting was transformed into the giant rasterized image of Mount Everest. Completed in October 2008, it received the World Architecture Festival Housing Award (2008), Forum AID Award (2009) and the MIPIM Residential Development Award at Cannes (2009). Dwell magazine has stated that the Mountain Dwellings "stand as a beacon for architectural possibility and stylish multifamily living in a dense, design-savvy city."
Their third housing project, 8 House, commissioned by Store Frederikslund Holding, Høpfner A/S and Danish Oil Company A/S in 2006 and completed in October 2010, was the largest private development ever undertaken in Denmark and in Scandinavia, combining retail with commercial row houses and apartments. It is also Ingels' third housing development in Ørestad, following VM Houses and Mountain Dwellings. The sloping, bow-shaped 10-storey building consists of 61,000 m2 (660,000 sq ft) of three different types of residential housing and 10,000 m2 (110,000 sq ft) of retail premises and offices, providing views over the fields and marches of Kalvebod Faelled to the south. The 476-unit apartment building forms a figure 8 around two courtyards. Noted for its green roof which won it the 2010 Scandinavian Green Roof Award, Ingels explained, "The parts of the green roof that remain were seen by the client as integral to the building as they are visible from the ground. These not only provide the environmental benefits that we all know come from green roofs, but also add to the visual drama and appeal of the sloping roofs and rooftop terrace in between." The building also won the Best Residential Building at the 2011 World Architecture Festival, and the Huffington Post included 8 House as one of the "10 Best Architecture Moments of 2001–2010."
In 2007, Ingels exhibited at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in New York City and was commissioned to design the Danish Maritime Museum in Helsingør. The current museum is located on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of nearby Kronborg Castle. The concept of the building is 'invisible' space, a subterranean museum which is still able to incorporate dramatic use of daylight. In launching the $40 million project, BIG had to reinforce an abandoned concrete dry dock on the site, 150 metres (490 ft) long, 25 metres (82 ft) wide and 9 metres (30 ft) deep, building the museum on the periphery of the reinforced dry dock walls which will form the facade of the new museum. The dry dock will also host exhibitions and cultural events throughout the year. The museum's interior is designed to simulate the ambiance of a ship's deck, with a slightly downward slope. The 7,600 m2 (82,000 sq ft) exhibition gallery is to house an extensive collection of paintings, model ships, and historical equipment and memorabilia from the Danish Navy. Ingels is collaborating with consulting engineer Rambøll, Alectia for project management, and E. Pihl & Søn and Kossmann.dejong for construction and interior design. Some 11 different foundations are funding the project. Construction began on the museum in September 2010 and it is scheduled for completion by the summer of 2013. In September 2012, the Kronborg and Zig-Zag Bridge components to the building were shipped in from China.
Ingels designed a pavilion in the shape of a loop for the Danish World Expo 2010 pavilion in Shanghai. The open-air 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) steel pavilion has a spiral bicycle path, accommodating up to 300 cyclists who experience Danish culture and ideas for sustainable urban development. In the centre, amid a pool of 1 million litres (264,172 gallons) of water, is the Copenhagen statue of The Little Mermaid, paying homage to Danish author Hans Christian Andersen.
In 2009, Ingels designed the new National Library of Kazakhstan in Astana located to the south of the State Auditorium, said to resemble a "giant metallic doughnut". BIG and MAD designed the Tilting Building in the Huaxi district of Guiyang, China, an innovative leaning tower with six facades. Other projects included the city hall in Tallinn, Estonia, and the Faroe Islands Education Centre in Torshavn, Faroe Islands. Accommodating some 1,200 students and 300 teachers, the facility has a central open rotunda for meetings between staff and pupils.
In 2010, Fast Company magazine included Ingels in its list of the 100 most creative people in business, mentioning his design of the Danish pavilion. BIG projects became increasingly international, including hotels in Norway, a museum overlooking Mexico City, and converting an oil industry wasteland into a zero-emission resort on Zira Island off the coast of Baku, Azerbaijan. The 1,000,000 m2 (11,000,000 sq ft) resort started construction in 2010, and represented the seven mountains of Azerbaijan. It was cited as "one of the world's largest eco-developments." The "mountains" were covered with solar panels and provide for residential and commercial space. According to BIG, "The mountains are conceived not only as metaphors, but engineered as entire ecosystems, a model for future sustainable urban development".
In 2011, BIG won a competition to design the roof of the Amagerforbrænding industrial building, with 31,000 m2 (330,000 sq ft) of ski slopes of varying skill levels. The roof is put forward as another example of "hedonistic sustainability": designed from recycled synthetics, aiming to increase energy efficiency by up to 20 percent. In October 2011, the Wall Street Journal named Ingels the Innovator of the Year for architecture, later saying he was "becoming one of the design world's rising stars" in light of his portfolio.
In 2012, Ingels moved to New York to supervise work on a pyramid-like apartment building on West 57th Street, a collaboration with real estate developer Durst Fetner Residential. BIG opened a permanent New York office, and became committed to further work in New York. By mid-2012 that office had a staff of 50, which they used to launch other projects in North America. In 2014 Ingels's design for an integrated flood protection system, the DryLine, was a winner of the Rebuild By Design competition created by the Department of Housing and Urban Development in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. The DryLine will stretch Manhattan's shoreline on the Lower East Side, with a landscaped flood barrier in East River Park, enhanced pedestrian bridges over the FDR drive, and permanent and deployable floodwalls north of East 14th Street.
BIG designed the Lego House that began construction in 2014 in Billund, Denmark. Ingels said of it, "We felt that if BIG had been created with the single purpose of building only one building, it would be to design the house for Lego." Designed as a village of interlocking and overlapping buildings and spaces, the house is conceived with identical proportions to the toy bricks, and can be constructed one-for-one in miniature. They also designed the Danish Maritime Museum in Elsinore, Denmark, and a master plan for the new Smithsonian Institution south campus in Washington, D.C. This is part of a 20-year project that will begin in 2016.
Ingels also designed two extensions for his former High School in Hellerup, Denmark — a handball court, and a larger arts and sports extension. The handball court, in homage to the architect's former math teacher, sports a roof with curvature that traces the trajectory of a thrown handball.
In 2015, Ingels began working on a new headquarters for Google in Mountain View, California with Thomas Heatherwick, the British designer. Bloomberg Businessweek hailed the design as "The most ambitious project unveiled by Google this year ..." in a feature article on the design and its architects. Later that year, BIG was chosen to take up the design of Two World Trade Center, one of the towers replacing the Twin Towers. The work had initially been entrusted to the British firm Foster and Partners.
Ingels was considered for the Hudsons Yard project. In late 2016, the project became official.
In 2009, Ingels became a co-founder of the KiBiSi design group, together with Jens Martin Skibsted and Lars Larsen. With its focus on urban mobility, architectural illumination and personal electronics, the company designs bicycles, furniture, household objects and aircraft, becoming one of Scandinavia's most influential design groups. KiBiSi designed the furniture for Ingels' Danish Pavilion at EXPO 2010.
Ingels's first book, Yes Is More: An Archicomic on Architectural Evolution, catalogued 30 projects from his practice. Designed in the form of a comic book, which he believed was the best way to tell stories about architecture, he later said that the medium contributed to the perception that some of his projects are cartoonish. A sequel, Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation, explored 60 case studies through a climatic lens, to examine where and how people live on the planet, working from the warmest regions to the coldest. The book was designed by Grammy Award winning designer Stefan Sagmeister, and accompanied by an exhibition of the same name at the National Building Museum in Washington D.C. The book featured well known projects such as VIA (West 57th), Amager Bakke, 8 House, Gammel Hellerup High School, Superkilen, The Lego House and the Danish Maritime Museum, amongst others.
In 2009, Ingels spoke at a TED event in Oxford, UK. He presented the case study "Hedonistic sustainability" in a workshop on managing complexity at the 3rd International Holcim Forum 2010 in Mexico City, and was a member of the Holcim Awards regional jury for Europe in 2011.
In 2015, a division of the Kohler Company, Kallista, released a new line of bath and kitchen products designed by Ingels. Named "taper", the fixtures featured minimalist and mid-century Danish design.
In 2016, he was a keynote speaker at the leadership conference Aarhus Symposium, in which he addressed the role of creativity and empowerment in leadership.
Ingels was cast in My Playground, a documentary film by Kaspar Astrup Schröder that explores parkour and freerunning, with much of the action taking place on and around BIG projects.
He was also part of the documentary film Genre de Vie, about bicycles, cities and personal awareness. It looks at desired space and our own impact to the process of it. The film documents urban life empowered by the simplicity of the bicycle.
Ingels was profiled in the first season of the Netflix docu-series Abstract: The Art of Design.
Architecture seems to be entrenched in two equally unfertile fronts: either naively utopian or petrifyingly pragmatic. We believe that there is a third way... A pragmatic utopian architecture.
In 2009, The Architectural Review said that Ingels and BIG "has abandoned 20th-century Danish modernism to explore the more fertile world of bigness and baroque eccentricity... BIG's world is also an optimistic vision of the future where art, architecture, urbanism and nature magically find a new kind of balance. Yet while the rhetoric is loud, the underlying messages are serious ones about global warming, community life, post-petroleum-age architecture and the youth of the city." The Netherlands Architecture Institute described him as "a member of a new generation of architects that combine shrewd analysis, playful experimentation, social responsibility and humour."
In an interview in 2010, Ingels provided a number of insights on his design philosophy. He defines architecture as "the art of translating all the immaterial structures of society – social, cultural, economical and political – into physical structures." Architecture should "arise from the world" benefiting from the growing concern for our future triggered by discussion of climate change. In connection with his BIG practice, he explains: "Buildings should respond to the local environment and climate in a sort of conversation to make it habitable for human life" drawing, in particular, on the resources of the local climate which could provide "a way of massively enriching the vocabulary of architecture."
Luke Butcher noted that Ingels taps into metamodern sensibility, adopting a metamodern attitude; but he "seems to oscillate between modern positions and postmodern ones, a certain out-of-this-worldness and a definite down-to-earthness, naivety and knowingness, idealism and the practical." Sustainable development and renewable energy are important to Ingels, which he refers to as "hedonistic sustainability". He has said that "It's not about what we give up to be sustainable, it's about what we get. And that is a very attractive and marketable concept." He has also been outspoken against "suburban biopsy" in Holmen, Copenhagen, caused by wealthy older people (the grey-gold generation) living in the suburbs and wanting to move into the town to visit the Royal Theatre and the opera.
In 2014, Ingels released a video entitled 'Worldcraft' as part of the Future of StoryTelling summit, which introduced his concept of creating architecture that focuses on turning "surreal dreams into inhabitable space". Citing the power of alternate reality programs and video games, like Minecraft, Ingels's 'worldcraft' is an extension of 'hedonistic sustainability' and further develops ideas established in his first book, Yes Is More. In the video (and essay by the same name in his second book, Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation) Ingels notes: "These fictional worlds empower people with the tools to transform their own environments. This is what architecture ought to be ..." "Architecture must become Worldcraft, the craft of making our world, where our knowledge and technology doesn't limit us but rather enables us to turn surreal dreams into inhabitable space. To turn fiction into fact."
In 2015, Ingels bought an apartment in New York's Dumbo neighborhood. In 2016, Ingels met his girlfriend, Spanish architect Ruth Otero, at Burning Man.
Superkilen, a public park in Copenhagen (completed 2011).
2012 American Institute of Architects Honor Award for 8 House, deemed to elevate the quality of architectural practice.
BIG, Bjarke Ingels Group Projects 2001–2010, Design Media Publishing Ltd, 2011, 232 pages. ISBN 9789881973863.
BIG, Abitare, Being BIG, Abitare, Milan, 2012.
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^ Mayhew, Bradley; Bloom, Greg; Clammer, Paul (1 November 2010). Central Asia. Lonely Planet. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-74179-148-8. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^ "Hillside school sports exciting shape". Building Design & Construction via HighBeam Research (subscription required). 19 September 2004. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
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^ "Zira Island Masterplan". World Architecture News. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
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^ "BIG Puts a Ski Slope on Copenhagen's New Waste-to-Energy Plant". Bustler. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
^ "Amagerforbrænding waste-to-energy facility". Ramboll. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ "WSJ 2011 Innovator Awards: Architecture", WSJ Magazine, 27 October 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
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^ Li, Roland (1 March 2011). "BIG lease at Starrett-Lehigh". Real Estate Weekly via HighBeam Research (subscription required). Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ Ditmars, Hadani (1 September 2012). "Letter from Vancouver: with its population expected to double by 2050, the city is finally facing up to its future, says Hadani Ditmars". The Architectural Review via HighBeam Research (subscription required). Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ "ST. PETERSBURG PIER DESIGN PANEL NARROWS LIST OF APPLICANTS TO 9 SEMI-FINALISTS". US Fed News Service, Including US State News via HighBeam Research (subscription required). 31 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ "CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY'S MILLER GALLERY PRESENTS US PREMIERE OF "IMPERFECT HEALTH: THE MEDICALIZATION OF ARCHITECTURE"-CARNEGIE MELLON NEWS – CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY". States News Service via HighBeam Research (subscription required). 27 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ "Rebuild by Design – Finalists". Rebuildbydesign.org. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
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0.999994 |
Could u please tell me that how much would I get for this essay?
Evidently, humans are the most intelligent creature in this world, so humans have been killing animals since they evolved to satisfy their needs like food, clothing, fire etc. However, modern society feels that animals should not be killed anymore which is not right according to me.
Firstly, humans kill animals for imperative purposes, for instance animal's body parts are being used by Doctors to evolve new medicines and to cure some dangerous diseases which are essential for the survival of humans. If animals will not be killed than there population will get abundant which will be dangerous for both human and nature.
In addition, Scientists and doctors used to do their researches and tests on the animals, so they can find the flaws before applying that on humans. If they directly apply that on humans then it will lead to be a serious issue for the society. Eventually, these all are for the welfare of humans.
On the contrary, Due to over killing of animals, some species of animals are on endangered state and some of them have already been extinct which includes some beautiful species like stingray,so Humans are destroying the nature. We cannot ignore the fact that animals have feelings too and they are also a creation of god, so it so cruel to kill animals.
So it can be concluded, Despite the fact that animals have feelings, humans need to kill them for their own welfare and it is necessary for the survival of humans but they must avoid over killing of animals and killing of rare or endangered species to retain the beauty of our nature.
I would like to know how many point can I get if I do the animal cruelty essay like this?
Any mistake that I need to correct?
Discuss these view and your opinion of hunting.
Some people argue that culling animals is a bad activity,while others believe that killing animals is necessary.In my opinion people should not hurt animals for business purpose,for example selling animals skins,feather and shells. However,it is acceptable if people hurt animals to keep their tradition.
People such as Indigenous people in Taiwan,hurt for a number of reasons.Firstly,they argue that hunting animals is a cultural traditional.For instance males have to hunt animals to prove that they are an adult,and that they are good enough to protect a family and ready for marriage. Secondly,there are too many animals attacking some families and destroying their food sources.
However, others believes hunting should be outlawed.They believe animals can be hunted over and become endangered or even extinct such as the Bengal tiger and panda bear.The worst fad is hunting animals can disturb the food chain. For example,if humans catch a lot of fish sharks might be hungry and they might interrupt the other food chain,and it may cause lot of problem in an ecosystem.
In conclusion I think hunting as acceptable if people depend on it in order to keep their tradition,if animals are hunted for business reasons they must stop it because the ecology system and food chain might suffer a lot of problems if animals are over hunted.
Hello guys, this is my attempt on an IELTS question, please feel free for correction on my essay.
It has become a debatable topic increasingly in number of people think that animals should get rights as people and animals should not be used by mankind. On the contrary, others dispute that humans must utilize animals to fulfill their various demands, including uses for nutriment and experimentation. This essay will discuss both views.
With regards to the exploitation of animals, people believe it is acceptable for few reasons. Firstly, scientist develop method to mitigate pain and discomfort suffered by animals during scientific experiment. For instance, injection of drug on animals carried out by researcher before inception of experimentation. Furthermore, make use of animal is crucial to invent new medicine to cure illness. This is because when a new drug or surgical technique developed, many believe that it is unethical to use first on human-being as it may cause harm rather than good. Instead, the drug and technique is tested in animals to ensure that it is safe and effective.
However, many people disagree employment of animals for human needs. Firstly, it is unnecessary to kill animals for food. A healthy diet is possible without eating meat. For instance, human could get adequate nutrients from nut, seed, soy product , vegetable, and fruit. Secondly, the lives of animal s should be respected. Animals are also living creatures in the earth, and as such animals deserved rights to be respected. That is to say animals have consciousness and empathy, like human-beings possess. They do know who their friends are and who their rivals are.
In conclusion, I agree completely humans do not own the rights to exploit animal to fulfill their own needs. If human decrease the utilization of animals, all the living creatures in the world could live peacefully.
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How to cast a pointer to int in a 64-bit application correctly?
The most general answer is – in no way.
In 64-bit programs, the size of the pointer is 64 bits, and cannot be put into the int type, which remains 32-bit in almost all systems. The only exception is exotic systems with the SILP64 data model where the size of int is also 64 bits. The most common operating systems (Windows, Linux, MacOS) use the LP64 and LLP64 data models, where int is 32-bit.
This code is also dangerous because it hides an error that might reveal itself only in the long term. As long as pointers refer to objects created inside low-order bits of memory addresses, the program will work correctly, and perhaps for a long time. But this is a deceptive impression of an operable application, and it could potentially crash at any moment (see an example).
If, for some reason, the programmer needs to store pointers in integer types, he may use memsize-types for that – for instance, intptr_t, size_t, INT_PTR, etc.
However, there are specific cases when you may store a pointer in 32-bit types. I am speaking about handles which are used in Windows to work with various system objects. Here are examples of such types: HANDLE, HWND, HMENU, HPALETTE, HBITMAP, etc. Actually these types are pointers. For instance, HANDLE is defined in header files as “typedef void *HANDLE;”.
Although handles are 64-bit pointers, only the less significant 32 bits are employed in them for the purpose of better compatibility; for example, to enable 32-bit and 64-bit processes to interact with each other. For details, see “Microsoft Interface Definition Language (MIDL): 64-Bit Porting Guide” (USER and GDI handles are sign extended 32b values).
Note that simple errors of casting pointers to 32-bit types are well diagnosed by the Visual C++ compiler. However, in many old projects which contain third-party libraries, many compiler-generated warnings are disabled, so, the probability of you missing such errors is greatly increased. In the situation described, it is reasonable to use a specialized tool for providing portability of code to the 64-bit platform – for instance, the Viva64 static code analyzer developed by our company.
Andrey Karpov, Evgeniy Ryzhkov. 64-bit lessons. Pattern 7. Pointer packing.
Discussion at stackoverflow.com. Error: cast from void* to int loses precision.
Andrey Karpov. About size_t and ptrdiff_t.
Knowledge Base. What is the POINTER_32 macro?
When I used to port, I use native APIs like PTRToInt() for conversion which I think will work only on Windows platforms. Is there a way to convert on other platforms..
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0.977647 |
You're a truck racer (Platinum): Win every Truck Racer trophy.
1st for the 1st time (Bronze): Come in 1st place in an event race.
It needs to race (Bronze): Race with a truck you bought.
An unexpected failure (Bronze): Have an engine breakdown in the last 50 meters of the race.
Good, but not good enough (Bronze): Mount the podium 15 times in the championship.
Incredible comeback! (Bronze): Win a race starting from the back of the grid.
Recorder (Bronze): Post a time in all the Time Attack races.
Better than you! (Bronze): Beat your own record in an event race.
Super drift (Bronze): Drift for over 5 seconds.
Survivor (Bronze): Limp across the finish line with every part of the truck's bodywork damaged.
Crasher (Bronze): Crash 5 of your opponents' trucks.
Truck Armageddon (Bronze): Crash 15 of your opponents' trucks.
Street Hawk (Bronze): Fill the Nitro bar and then use it all in one go without hitting anything.
No mistake (Bronze): Do a complete lap without touching the decor.
Like a real trucker! (Bronze): Finish an Expert race in a truck that has all of its original parts.
Vroom (Bronze): Finish the training.
The King of shopping (Bronze): Make your 1st purchase.
Engine Down! (Bronze): Have an engine failure during a race.
Painter (Bronze): Create a paint set.
Rome wasn't built in a day (Bronze): Restart a race you haven't finished on the podium for yet.
Fine tuning (Bronze): Complete a race with a truck which has no more original parts.
Quality Assurance (Bronze): Drive all of the trucks in the championship.
Golden Boy (Bronze): Earn 500,000 credits.
Wealthy Man (Gold): Earn 1,000,000 credits.
D-Grade (Bronze): Engine class D purchased.
C-Grade (Bronze): Engine class C purchased.
B-Grade (Silver): Engine class B purchased.
A-Grade (Silver): Engine class A purchased.
I want it all (Bronze): Buy all of the trucks.
A bronze championship (Bronze): Win a bronze medal in every event.
A silver championship (Silver): Win a silver medal in every event.
A gold championship (Silver): Win a gold medal in every event.
A platinum championship (Silver): Win a platinum medal in every event.
Completed Event 1 (Bronze): Finish the event "Engine On!".
Completed Event 2 (Bronze): Finish the event "On Dirt".
Completed Event 3 (Bronze): Finish the event "Asphalt King".
Completed Event 4 (Bronze): Finish the event "Truck-Cross Cup".
Completed Event 5 (Bronze): Finish the event "The Rampage".
Completed Event 6 (Bronze): Finish the event "Rocky Competition".
Completed Event 7 (Silver): Finish the event "Weston Trophy".
Completed Event 8 (Silver): Finish the event "Eight".
Completed Event 9 (Silver): Finish the event "Raion World Cup".
Completed Event 10 (Silver): Finish the event "Royal KT".
Completed Event 11 (Silver): Finish the event "Team 41 Cup".
Completed Event 12 (Silver): Finish the event "All-Star Tour".
Completed Event 13 (Silver): Finish the event "Legendary Tournament".
Win online (Bronze): Come 1st in an online race.
Online trucker (Bronze): Take part in 5 online races.
10 times (Bronze): Take part in 10 online races.
Addicted (Silver): Take part in 25 online races.
5 in a row (Silver): Come first in 5 online races in a row.
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0.943112 |
"Enumerable set" redirects here. For the set-theoretic concept, see Countable set.
There is an algorithm such that the set of input numbers for which the algorithm halts is exactly S.
There is an algorithm that enumerates the members of S. That means that its output is simply a list of the members of S: s1, s2, s3, ... . If necessary, this algorithm may run forever.
The first condition suggests why the term semidecidable is sometimes used; the second suggests why computably enumerable is used. The abbreviations r.e. and c.e. are often used, even in print, instead of the full phrase.
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class containing all recursively enumerable sets is RE. In recursion theory, the lattice of r.e. sets under inclusion is denoted .
A set S of natural numbers is called recursively enumerable if there is a partial recursive function whose domain is exactly S, meaning that the function is defined if and only if its input is a member of S.
The set S is recursively enumerable. That is, S is the domain (co-range) of a partial recursive function.
The set S is the range of a partial recursive function.
The set S is the range of a total recursive function or empty. If S is infinite, the function can be chosen to be injective.
The set S is the range of a primitive recursive function or empty. Even if S is infinite, repetition of values may be necessary in this case.
There is a polynomial from the integers to the integers such that the set S contains exactly the non-negative numbers in its range.
The equivalence of semidecidability and enumerability can be obtained by the technique of dovetailing.
The Diophantine characterizations of a recursively enumerable set, while not as straightforward or intuitive as the first definitions, were found by Yuri Matiyasevich as part of the negative solution to Hilbert's Tenth Problem. Diophantine sets predate recursion theory and are therefore historically the first way to describe these sets (although this equivalence was only remarked more than three decades after the introduction of recursively enumerable sets). The number of bound variables in the above definition of the Diophantine set is the best known so far; it might be that a lower number can be used to define all diophantine sets.
Recursive enumeration of the set of all Turing machines halting on a fixed input: Simulate all Turing machines (enumerated on vertical axis) step by step (horizontal axis), using the shown diagonalization scheduling. If a machine terminates, print its number. This way, the number of each terminating machine is eventually printed. In the example, the algorithm prints "9, 13, 4, 15, 12, 18, 6, 2, 8, 0, ..."
Every recursive set is recursively enumerable, but it is not true that every recursively enumerable set is recursive. For recursive sets, the algorithm must also say if an input is not in the set – this is not required of recursively enumerable sets.
A recursively enumerable language is a recursively enumerable subset of a formal language.
The set of all provable sentences in an effectively presented axiomatic system is a recursively enumerable set.
The simple sets are recursively enumerable but not recursive.
The creative sets are recursively enumerable but not recursive.
Any productive set is not recursively enumerable.
Given a Gödel numbering of the computable functions, the set (where is the Cantor pairing function and indicates is defined) is recursively enumerable (cf. picture for a fixed x). This set encodes the halting problem as it describes the input parameters for which each Turing machine halts.
Given a Gödel numbering of the computable functions, the set is recursively enumerable. This set encodes the problem of deciding a function value.
Given a partial function f from the natural numbers into the natural numbers, f is a partial recursive function if and only if the graph of f, that is, the set of all pairs such that f(x) is defined, is recursively enumerable.
If A and B are recursively enumerable sets then A ∩ B, A ∪ B and A × B (with the ordered pair of natural numbers mapped to a single natural number with the Cantor pairing function) are recursively enumerable sets. The preimage of a recursively enumerable set under a partial recursive function is a recursively enumerable set.
A set is recursively enumerable if and only if it is at level of the arithmetical hierarchy.
A set is called co-recursively enumerable or co-r.e. if its complement is recursively enumerable. Equivalently, a set is co-r.e. if and only if it is at level of the arithmetical hierarchy.
A set A is recursive (synonym: computable) if and only if both A and the complement of A are recursively enumerable. A set is recursive if and only if it is either the range of an increasing total recursive function or finite.
Some pairs of recursively enumerable sets are effectively separable and some are not.
According to the Church–Turing thesis, any effectively calculable function is calculable by a Turing machine, and thus a set S is recursively enumerable if and only if there is some algorithm which yields an enumeration of S. This cannot be taken as a formal definition, however, because the Church–Turing thesis is an informal conjecture rather than a formal axiom.
The definition of a recursively enumerable set as the domain of a partial function, rather than the range of a total recursive function, is common in contemporary texts. This choice is motivated by the fact that in generalized recursion theories, such as α-recursion theory, the definition corresponding to domains has been found to be more natural. Other texts use the definition in terms of enumerations, which is equivalent for recursively enumerable sets.
|
0.999999 |
BlackBerry CEO John Chen revealed that the Canadian cellphone maker would unveil two new mid-range smartphones in July 2016.
The new models, codenamed "Hamburg" and "Rome", will be touchscreen devices operating on the Android OS.
Despite BlackBerry's poor performance in the international market, CEO John Chen was optimistic about the new models and said that Blackberry could bounce back and start making profits again.
BlackBerry, formerly known as Research in Motion (RIM), was founded in 1984.
It started off with selling pagers and released its first phone, the Blackberry 5810, with voice calling facilities in 2002.
In 2007, BlackBerry had become the most valuable company in the Toronto Stock Exchange with a market capitalization exceeding $67 billion.
By 2010, BlackBerry had shipped its 100 millionth phone.
How did BlackBerry get its name?
The keys on the original Blackberry device, a pager, resembled groups of seeds. After going through the names of quite a few seed-based fruits, Research in Motion (RIM) decided to name their product BlackBerry because most of their devices were black at that time.
Despite BlackBerry's initial success, the stock market crash in 2008 brought down BlackBerry's share price by $50 dollars, which marked the beginning of its demise.
By 2009, BlackBerry struggled to compete with Apple's App Store, a problem it never managed to solve.
BlackBerry, which sold around 15 million phones per quarter at its peak, currently sells a meagre 500,000 (as of March 2016).
In 2008, BlackBerry was valued at a massive $83.4 billion - more than eBay or Goldman Sachs. However, by 2013, BlackBerry's valuation had dropped to a pitiful $3.4 billion - less than that of American fast food chain Wendy's.
As BlackBerry continued to slump in the international market, Facebook decided to end support for the BlackBerry platform.
In February 2016, WhatsApp dropped support for the BlackBerry platform.
BlackBerry users, thus, were cut-off from the world's most used social media and messaging apps.
BlackBerry said that it was "extremely disappointed" with the fact that two of the world's biggest apps had completely abandoned them.
BlackBerry has filed a law suit against Nokia over the alleged infringement of 12 technology patents. The patents cover data transmission technologies involved in 4G and other networks.
BB alleged that Nokia used these patents on several transmission systems and softwares. Nokia said it was looking into the allegations.
Blackberry is seeking payment from Nokia rather than blocking its access to the technology.
Canadian handset-maker Blackberry launched the BlackBerry KEYone smartphone at the Mobile World Congress 2017 being held in Barcelona.
The new phone is priced at $549 and is expected to hit stores in April'17.
KEYone comes with a physical QWERTY keyboard, a 4.7-inch touch screen, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 625 processor, a 3,505 mAh battery, 3GB RAM and a 12-megapixel rear camera unit.
Billionaire Elon Musk, celebrated his 45th birthday today.
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0.99839 |
The interplanetary medium is the material which fills the Solar System, and through which all the larger Solar System bodies, such as planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets, move.
The interplanetary medium includes interplanetary dust, cosmic rays and hot plasma from the solar wind. The temperature of the interplanetary medium varies. For dust particles within the asteroid belt, typical temperatures range from 200 K (−73 °C) at 2.2 AU down to 165 K (−108 °C) at 3.2 AU The density of the interplanetary medium is very low, about 5 particles per cubic centimeter in the vicinity of the Earth; it decreases with increasing distance from the Sun, in inverse proportion to the square of the distance. It is variable, and may be affected by magnetic fields and events such as coronal mass ejections. It may rise to as high as 100 particles/cm³.
Since the interplanetary medium is a plasma, it has the characteristics of a plasma, rather than a simple gas; for example, it carries with it the Sun's magnetic field, is highly electrically conductive (resulting in the heliospheric current sheet), forms plasma double layers where it comes into contact with a planetary magnetosphere or at the heliopause, and exhibits filamentation (such as in aurorae).
The plasma in the interplanetary medium is also responsible for the strength of the Sun's magnetic field at the orbit of the Earth being over 100 times greater than originally anticipated. If space were a vacuum, then the Sun's 10−4 tesla magnetic dipole field would reduce with the cube of the distance to about 10−11 tesla. But satellite observations show that it is about 100 times greater at around 10−9 tesla. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory predicts that the motion of a conducting fluid (e.g., the interplanetary medium) in a magnetic field, induces electric currents which in turn generate magnetic fields, and in this respect it behaves like an MHD dynamo.
How the interplanetary medium interacts with planets depends on whether they have magnetic fields or not. Bodies such as the Moon have no magnetic field and the solar wind can impact directly on their surface. Over billions of years, the lunar regolith has acted as a collector for solar wind particles, and so studies of rocks from the Moon's surface can be valuable in studies of the solar wind.
High energy particles from the solar wind impacting on the Moon's surface also cause it to emit faintly at X-ray wavelengths.
Planets with their own magnetic field, such as the Earth and Jupiter, are surrounded by a magnetosphere within which their magnetic field is dominant over the Sun's. This disrupts the flow of the solar wind, which is channelled around the magnetosphere. Material from the solar wind can 'leak' into the magnetosphere, causing aurorae and also populating the Van Allen Belts with ionised material.
The interplanetary medium is responsible for several effects which can be seen from Earth. The Zodiacal light is a broad band of faint light sometimes seen after sunset and before sunrise, stretched along the ecliptic and brightest near the horizon. It is caused by sunlight scattering off dust particles in the interplanetary medium between the Earth and the Sun.
A similar effect is the Gegenschein, which is seen directly opposite to the Sun's position in the sky. It is much fainter than the Zodiacal light, and is caused by sunlight reflecting off dust particles outside the Earth's orbit.
The term "interplanetary" appears to have been first used in print in 1691 by the scientist Robert Boyle: "The air is different from the æther (or vacuum) in the... interplanetary spaces" Boyle Hist. Air.
The notion that space is considered to be a vacuum filled with an "aether", or just a cold, dark vacuum continued up until the 1950s (see below).
In 1898, American astronomer Charles Augustus Young wrote: "Inter-planetary space is a vacuum, far more perfect than anything we can produce by artificial means..." (The Elements of Astronomy, Charles Augustus Young, 1898).
Tufts University Professor of astronomy, Kenneth R. Lang, writing in 2000 noted, "Half a century ago, most people visualized our planet as a solitary sphere traveling in a cold, dark vacuum of space around the Sun".
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0.999753 |
How do we treat Low Back Pain?
We feel that the best way to treat low back pain is finding the cause first. We would do a thorough consultation, history, and examination to determine the underlying cause(s). We perform a functional evaluation to further target the issues driving the pain. We then implement treatment strategies to not only reduce the symptoms, but restore function across the tissues that will help prevent future recurrence.
|
0.999998 |
Vettel was joined on the podium by 2017 World Champion Lewis Hamilton, who finished second - and was passed by the Ferrari in controversial fashion under virtual safety car, while Kimi Raikkonen rounded out the top 3.
Australia's Daniel Ricciardo finished in fourth, rising from eighth on the starting grid to work his way through the field and nearly snag his first ever home podium.
Ricciardo was able to rise through the pack early, as he made easy work of the Renault of Nico Hulkenberg who started in front of him.
When his Red Bull team-mate Max Verstappen spun out early in the race, it gifted yet another position to Ricciardo - much to the chagrin of his team garage.
However, the hometown hero was having a tough time getting past the Haas pair of Romain Grosjean and Kevin Magnussen - who were sitting in 4th and 5th respectively and looking very impressive in the early stages of the race.
Unfortunately for the Haas drivers, it only took five minutes of madness to see them both drop out of contention - as similar incidents forced both drivers out of the race, as the Haas pit crew were unable to secure the tyre during a change-over and prematurely ended their day in the process.
These issues ultimately saw Grosjean stuck on track and a virtual safety car was called - and an opportunistic Ferrari team saw a chance to bring Sebastian Vettel into the pits while Lewis Hamilton was forced to stay beneath track limits, allowing him to undercut the Mercedes and take the race lead without ever passing Hamilton.
When the race resumed - there was a relentless battle for the lead between Vettel and Hamilton, and also for third between Raikkonen and Ricciardo...but it was the Ferrari's who won both of those battles in the end, securing the race win and two spots on the podium in the process.
Fernando Alonso of McLaren was next to finish - crossing the chequered flag in fifth, while Max Verstappen of Red Bull finished sixth after recovering from his early spin-out.
Renault's Nico Hulkenberg finished eighth, while Mercedes' Valtteri Bottas and McLaren's Stoffel van Doorne rounded out the Top 10 for the day.
Melbourne City confirm elimination final after a 1-0 win over Central Coast Mariners Melbourne City are victorious over Central Coast Mariners 1-0 to confirm an elimination final.
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0.999994 |
Why should you study arts if you want to be a successful entrepreneur?
Nir Hindi, an entrepreneur from Israel, founded the company The Artian with the intention of promoting the culture and skills of art in companies. Its objective is to restore the Renaissance way of thinking in the business culture, inspired by characters like Filippo Brunelleschi, consider that entrepreneurs must combine art and business, two areas that require similar skills.
Leer en español: ¿Por qué deberías estudiar arte si quieres ser un emprendedor exitoso?
Hindi participated in the Colombia 4.0 meeting, where he presented his Keynote: Renaissance of Renaissance Thinking: Why Business Needs the Art.
Several successful entrepreneurs have studied arts.
One of the central examples of Hindi, to which he refers to demonstrate the usefulness of studies in the art for business, is Paul Graham, an entrepreneurial guru and founder of the accelerator Y Combinator, responsible for the rise of companies like Airbnb and Dropbox.
Paul Graham is a programmer, but he also studied painting at the Rhode Island School of Design and the Academia di Belli Arti in Florence. He is also the author of the book Hackers and Painters. In this book, Graham affirms that programmers and artists share a set of fundamental characteristics: the use of trial and error, the presence of a 'day job' or a 'real' work with which they finance their projects and learning through imitation of the great masters.
In addition, Hindi quotes Graham, stating that both entrepreneurs and programmers should have a 'fanatical devotion to beauty', and that ventures such as Airbnb have come to success due in part to their attention to design principles and the arts in the field. development of its platforms, offices and visual identity.
Additionally, referents from the business world such as Apple, have embraced the combination of the arts with business and have taken it to heart. Steve Jobs, says Hindi, learned the design principles that have made his brand great from Picasso. Particularly, Apple's insistence on eliminating the details, instead of adding them, and discarding everything but the essential, is inspired by the work of Picasso.
Also, Marissa Mayer, former president of Yahoo! and, previously, one of the main employees of Google, where she held high-ranking positions since 1999, has admitted the importance of art and design in the growth of Google. Mayer, the daughter of an engineer and an artist, admits to having combined the skills of both to develop the identity that Google would adapt to this day.
One point in which Hindi and The Artian emphasize is the importance of the programs of resident artists, something that has always been seen as a benefit that is given to emerging artists, but which Hindi says is very useful for the ventures, particularly those that have to do with technology.
Also read: Sending a message in a potato? 5 weirdest startups!
These programs consist of bringing artists who work in the offices of a company, also financed by the company. Although for many ventures this may seem like an unnecessary expense, Hindi says that creativity and art in business are not a matter of budget, they are a matter of commitment. Therefore, companies must look beyond costs, and begin to contemplate the advantages that a resident artist can offer them.
A reference web portal for entrepreneurship, Inc., said that the programs of resident artists trigger creativity among employees by proximity and can also help solve problems through their distinctive way of thinking, which, like a business, often deals with uncertainty and opportunity, instead of certainty and security. The article closes with a strong statement, citing an article in the Journal of Psychology of Science and Technology that discovers that compared to other scientists, Nobel Prize winners demonstrate a disproportionately greater involvement in the arts, either as a field of study or as a hobby.
Hindi closes his talk with a reflection. There are four art skills that adapt to entrepreneurship, and that are among the skills most desired by companies in their employees. Observation, questioning, ideation, and association. "The dilemmas of the present cannot be solved only with traditional methods," says Hindi. "Art is a way of thinking and a way of educating that teaches to question the world.
Translated from "¿Por qué deberías estudiar arte si quieres ser un emprendedor exitoso?"
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0.999203 |
I have spent the majority of my career working with adolescents. Being a teenager is an exciting, confusing, fun, and very difficult period in many people’s lives. Adolescents are in the position of taking on the responsibilities and privileges of being an adult for the very first time, while at the same time navigating important and complicated changes in their social and family relationships. I enjoy working with adolescents and helping them to feel confident about themselves and in their relationships with other people. Whether you are a parent of an adolescent you have concerns about, or a teenager looking for someone to talk to, connecting with a skilled psychologist can help to make your life better.
School experiences are one of many factors that can contribute to challenges for children and teenagers.
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0.994438 |
Do you crave for Indian food in Bali? Whether you are a tourist or a resident, you will be surprised to learn that there are over 40 Indian restaurants in Bali. These can be found across Bali in Ubud, Kuta, Canggu, Seminyak and Denpasar. Another unique feature is that most Indian restaurants in Bali serve menus in divided option: Vegetarian and Non Vegetarian.
Indian restaurants are mushrooming across Indonesia, particularly in Jakarta and Bali. This could also be directly contributed to growing number of Indian tourists to this wonderful country. Bali is very popular as a destination wedding location and also for honeymoon couples.
As almost 40% of Indians are vegetarian, they look for vegetarian options on their travels. The Indian restaurants provide a familiar menu where they can be assured of their dietary requirements. Nevertheless, the Indian vegetarians have range of choices in their culinary menu. From potatoes, paratha (flatbread), kulfi or Indian ice cream, Mattar paneer, processed green vegetables, beans, spinach dishes, etc. There is much similarity with Balinese food as both of them use plenty of spices.
You can also find authentic Indian food in Bali, from humble Warungs with Indian chefs and owners that serve home-style cooking, to more upmarket, stylish, and contemporary restaurants and even fine dining establishments. There are also a few decent chains with multiple outlets covering the most popular areas of the island, meaning that you shouldn’t be too far away from decent Indian food.
Some of the restaurant brands in Bali are already renowned such as Ganesha Ek Sanskriti, Little India, Queen’s Tandoor, The Golden Saffron, and The Royal Kitchen which have grown from Jakarta to Bali.
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0.885615 |
The difference between two angles of a triangle is 24°. The average of the same two angles is 54°. Which one of the following is the value of the greatest angle of the triangle?
|
0.999966 |
Gael is comparing a new credit card offer to her current credit card. Her current card has an annual fee of $29 and offers 1% cash back on all purchases. The new offer has an annual fee of $59, but offers 2% cash back. Which of the following is a correct statement that could help Gael choose the better credit card if she pays the full balance every month?
A. If Gael spends more than $3,000 a year, she should keep her current credit card.
B. If Gael spends more than $3,000 a year, she should take the new credit card offer.
C. Gael should keep her current credit card no matter how much she spends.
D. Gael should choose the new credit card no matter how much she spends.
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0.999188 |
What does a colour consultant do? It’s quite simple, but it’s not easy. In short, a colour consultant specializes in the complex effects of colour and creates colour solutions for a client’s goals.
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0.999997 |
Do you love staying out in the sun and just basking in the sunlight? Still, are you forced to stay indoors because of fear of the negative effects as a result of such exposure? Well, you should not worry at all; use SUNSCREEN!
Over-exposure to the UV or ultraviolet rays of the sun can seriously threaten human health. Prolonged exposure to Ultraviolet radiation can cause not only sunburn, but more serious effects such as the suppression of immune system, premature aging, and even, in a lot of cases, skin cancer. Sunscreen also called sun cream or sun block is a gel, spray or more commonly, a lotion that reflects and absorbs some of the UV (ultraviolet) radiation of the sun on the part of the skin that is exposed to the sunlight and so, it effectively helps to protect the skin against sunburn and other effects.
Sunscreen is typically a pharmaceutical product that is designed in order to provide the skin with protection from the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun that is very harmful. This product contains titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, which act as a physical blocker protecting the skin from UVA (UVR that can damage skin having long term effects such as skin aging) and UVB (UVR that causes sunburns).
Although the actual effectiveness of the sunscreen depends on the exact amount of these physical blockers present in the product, most sunscreens have a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30+. Usually sunscreens of the top-most quality will have around 6% or even more titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
Sunscreens are produced using 17 active ingredients, which come in two categories: the absorbers that absorb UVR by creating a chemical reaction, and the reflectors that act as the physical barriers, which block UV rays from the skin. Most sunscreens have a mix of reflectors and absorbers.
Suffice to say, sunscreen lotions are very effective and safe to use. If you wear sunscreen daily, you will not only be able to minimize the negative effects of UVA and UVB on DNA but you can also help to protect important proteins in your body such as elastin, keratin and collagen that help to keep your skin firm and smooth. Sunscreens can come in the form of daily creams and moisturizers, containing the essential zinc oxide or titanium dioxides, which are well known in helping to reverse or stop signs of ageing. Sunscreen lotions are even effective in preventing skin cancers such as the squamous cell skin cancers and its precursors, and even melanoma, which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
Remember that when you do not use sunscreen, you leave your skin exposed to harmful UVR with no protection, thus inviting skin damage, immune suppression, skin cancer and cataracts. So, having this knowledge that is also backed by years of scientific studies you should take the appropriate measures to protect yourself properly.
Remember to apply sunscreen with a SPF of 30 or even higher to all parts of your exposed, unprotected skin like your face, arms and neck at least 15 to 20 minutes before going outdoors during the day and it is best to keep reapplying every two hours or so while outside and exposed. Also be careful to avoid application on the skin area surrounding the eyes. Sunscreens should essentially be used every single day, including cloudy days and should be applied evenly and liberally before going outside during the day.
While staying out in the sun can be so much fun, make your time outside even more fun using the right protection and taking the right precautions! Fortunately for you, that is possible using all the options for sun protection that SUNSCREENS can provide. So get yourself a sunscreen today!
Last updated on Jul 31st, 2010 and filed under Skin Care. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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0.955606 |
In the course of chemical reaction equilibrium is established when the rate of direct reaction (in which the starting materials are converted to products) is equal to the rate of reverse reaction (where products are converted in the original substance). Concentrations of all these substances is then called equilibrium.
First remember, what is the equilibrium constant. It is a value characterizing the ratio of concentrations (or partial pressures) of the reaction products to the concentrations of the starting materials. For example, if the reaction proceeds according to the scheme: A + b = C + D, Kr = [C][D]/[A][B].
If the scheme of the reaction is: 2A + B = 2C, Cu is calculated by the following formula:[C]^2/[B][A]^2. That is, the indexes are transformed into a measure of the degree to which you want to build a concentration of a component.
Let's consider an example. Suppose, for example, flows the same first reaction: A + B = C + D. it is Required to determine the equilibrium concentrations of all components, if known, that the initial concentration of initial substances A and b was equal to 2 mol/liter, and the equilibrium constant can be taken as 1.
Again write down the formula of the equilibrium constant for this particular case: Kr = [C][D]/[A][B]. Given that Cu = 1 we obtain: [C][D] = [A][B].
The initial concentrations of substances A and b you are aware (given the conditions of the problem). The initial concentration of reaction products C and D were equal to 0, and then increased to some equilibrium values. Label the equilibrium concentration of a substance for x, then equilibrium concentration of substance A (from which it formed) will be equal to (2-x).
Since the scheme of the reaction shows that 1 mole of substance is formed And 1 mole of C and 1 mole of a substance In 1 mole of D, respectively, the equilibrium concentration of D will also be = x and the equilibrium concentration of B = (2-x).
Substituting these values into the formula, we get: (2-x) (2-x) = x^2. Solving this equation, we get 4x = 4, i.e. x = 1.
Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of reaction products C and D is equal to 1 mol/liter. But since the equilibrium concentration of initial substances A and b are calculated according to the formula (2), and they will also be equal to 1 mol/liter. The problem is solved.
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0.992712 |
How to rectify messed up Share permissions?
Dear all, I tried to set up user permissions to share a partition with my main user account (administrative rights, use only for system operations) and with a limited account (primarily use for access to Internet and work). My intention was to allow Full Control to both on my Data-partition. Initially the setup was ok, just that any files created by my Computer Administrator account could not be shifted (when tidying up my folders) by my limited account.
Now I am left with Full Control of my Computer Administrator account, when I am logged in there. I have added the limited account to the User names section in the Security tab for the partition, and given Full Control. In Advanced it tells me: "Apply to: This folder, subfolders and files", which is the same as for the Computer Administrator account, and should be ok.
However, logged in on the limited account, I can view the subfolders of the partition but for their content I get an "Access denied" message. Whatever I did wrong with playing with the "Replace Permission on all child objects..." I now just want to get back to the original setting, which was cumbersome, but worked.
1) Change the limited account to a Computer Administrator account, and after a restart back to a limited account.
2) Create another limited account and shift or access the data, then delete the old limited account.
Whilst the latter might be the "easier" option, could someone explain, whether the first option would work, or wether the second option might not work.
but I wanted to know how to get the original share & security permissions back for a limited account to access a shared partition.
any help for this is much appreaciated.
Because of your setup it will be hard to say how. What ever you have done, you should of made a note of it or at least have a restore point that you can go back on. Surely with your server software there should be some sort of system in play for you to reverse your settings. If you did not do any of the the above then it will be hard to give any answer to your problem. The only way is to do it from fresh, but this time make a note of what you are doing so that you can go back and do a reset or edit the settings.
Plus, get to know your server settings in and out, find out what the settings mean, get a good book on the server in question.
Sorry i can not add any more info to your problem.
Thanks Peconet, I'll have another go with a different account. changing the limited account to computer administrator worked, but when I switched it back, it had the old permission settings.
i should have checked over what I've done in the first place: I changed the security permissions and messed with these. However, I diodn't change the share permission on my data partition.
So, now since I changed these to Full Conrol for both accounts and removed the Everyone (Read), I can access the partiton with no probs.
I think it was the Share Permission: Everyone set to "Read" which decimated the Security permissions to an effective access only for certain folders, whilst the Creator Owner permissions allowed full caccess to what I created with the ltd account... or so.
Anyway, I can now access all data and the issue is resolved.
Thanks to all for any thoughts.
Quite often, when doing a reinstall or switching computers, I have my data drive set with spicific permissions on various folders....things like the My Documents folder may have only myself with any permissions. We in put that drive in the newly installed OS, I can't access the folder. Now I've done the whole "take ownership" thing & so on but usually there are still some files that I still get that "Access Denied" message on....plus, the old accounts are still listed under the security permissions & they have to be deleted.
On the root of a drive I <u>know</u> has the permissions I want to transfer to all the files/folders on the "messed up" partition/folder/etc....I create a new, empty folder & I tell it to inherit all permissions from the parent folder & check the box to apply to all child objects too.
On the partition/folder/etc I want to reset permissions on...I take ownership & remove all permissions from everyone (so there are no accounts listed) & apply that to subfolders (don't inherit permissions from parent)....then add yourself as having full permissions & apply to all child objects.
Move the contents to the "newly created" folder that you gave inherited permissions to on the root of the drive you know has the proper permissions.
Once all files are moved, take ownership of the "new folder" (if not already done) & verify that the permissions have propagated down through all folders....if not, clear all accounts from the root of the new folder applying to all child objects but THIS TIME make sure you check the box to inherit from the parent object.
Your permissions should be reset & you now should be able to customize the permissions & move the files to the desired location.
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