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0.999456	Aiseesoft DVD to iPad Converter is an easy-to-use and fast tool for iPad users to put their favorite DVD movies on iPad. With it, you can rip DVDs to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, H.264, MPEG-4, M4V MPEG-4, MOV, H.264 HD video and AAC, AIFF, M4A, MP3, WAV audio formats supported by iPad. Moreover, it highly supports iPad mini 2, iPad Air, iPad 4, ipad mini, iPhone 5s/iPhone 5c and iPhone 5 Profile. This DVD Converter can help users rip DVD to general video formats, including MPEG-4, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, MOV, and M4V so as to play on iPad. Users can also extract any audio from DVD file to iPad. It allows you to preview the original video and the edited video side-by-side for easy comparison. Also you can use the "Snapshot" option to take a snapshot of the film and save it as a picture file. You can select the destination of the picture by clicking the "Preferences" button.
0.933774	reviews: I was mildly skeptical when I ordered it, but I read the customer reviews and trusted in the return policy. The price is so low, compared to local stores, of this type item, $100.00 and up... I am NOT electronically gifted. The pen separates in the middle, unscrew it carefully, it is very fine threads, the first time I had to use a little more pressure. I am careful screwing it back down also, as to not cross thread it. If you get one, "you must get one" don't make the directions complicated, do what it says and only what it says. It has a microphone that will pick up a pin drop. The video camera is better than the one on my phone. It does better when the room is lit up well, but it will record in very little light. I can not say enough about this. I had a specific reason for buying this item, but I am having so much fun with it I have forgotten about the other problem. :-) The best twenty five bucks I have ever spent. Get one, you won't be disappointing. reviews: its a very useful pen you can use it as a regular camera or you can go under cover and be a spy and investigate fishing information. good pen.
0.937383	give the AUSTRAC CEO a copy of the audit report. Before the AUSTRAC CEO can exercise the power to require a reporting entity to appoint an external auditor under subsection 162(2) of the AML/CTF Act, there must be reasonable grounds to suspect that the reporting entity has contravened, is contravening, or is proposing to contravene the AML/CTF Act, the regulations or the AML/CTF Rules. By publishing copies of written notices requiring an external audit, AUSTRAC remains transparent and accountable in its decision making.
0.999911	Why Mount Dora Christian Academy? Mount Dora Christian Academy admits students of any race, color, national, and ethnic origin to all the rights, privileges, programs, and activities generally made available to students at the school. It does not discriminate in the administration of its educational policies, athletic, and other school administrative programs.
0.959425	Have you confused the spiritual path with being happy? All too often the spiritual path is confused with being happy. We think that being spiritual means being positive, all the time. We look at people 'out there' who we consider to be firmly on the path and think that they're doing life better and that they don't feel certain human emotions.
0.992805	I’m going to start out by saying this: Feliway (for cats) has drastically improved the lives of our cats, Elliott & Maxwell (it’s better if you just learn their names now since I will talk about them excessively…as all cat owners do, right?). Coming from a research background, I’ve learned to look at things objectively, and by observation and data collection, it’s obvious that Feliway has helped to reduce aggressive and anxious behaviors, loud vocalizations at all hours of the night, and has even helped to take our stress levels down from no longer dealing with various behavioral problems. Additionally, I know of several cat and dog owners who use Feliway/Adaptil to help with reducing anxious behaviors, aggression towards other animals in the home, scratching, spraying, and various litter box behaviors. That being said, let’s talk a little bit about what pheromones are and how using Feliway/Adaptil may improve the lives of the pets (and people) in your home. Pheromones are species-specific, chemical substances produced from glands located around the mouth, chin, forehead, and cheeks, that are released into the environment by an animal, which affects the behavior and/or physiology in animals of the same species. Even bees, rabbits, squid, moths, and mice use pheromones to communicate! Crazy, right?! Feliway (for cats) is a product containing the man-made version of feline facial pheromones either as a spray or as a diffuser. This product has been used to help reduce stress during various situations (e.g, visitors, moving, & visits to the vet), and to help reduce scratching of furniture, urine spraying, over-grooming, and hiding. If you ever see your cat (s) rubbing his/her face on places, objects, and other people, they aren’t just being crazy cats (believe it or not), but are essentially saying, “This is my territory and I’m safe here”. Adaptil (for dogs) contains the pheromone that’s produced during lactation to help puppies to bond with their mother and help improve their learning of new experiences. This product has been shown to help dogs learn to cope with new and/or stressful situations, being away from their owner, dealing with previously feared events such as loud noises (e.g., fireworks), traveling, going to the groomer, interacting with new people or pets, and visits to the vet. Where can Pheromone Products be Purchased? You can purchase Feliway and Adaptil online or at your local pet store(s); however, I must add that they are not cheap. If you go the diffuser route (usually the best way to go), pheromones will be continuously released throughout the day/night, which means diffusers will need to be replaced on a monthly basis. If you decide to purchase spray, then you may need to replace it once every 2 months or so (depending on how frequently you use it). Another consideration to make is how involved you will be in this process. For example, if you work 12 hours/day, then you won’t be home to spray Feliway/Adaptil when needed. On the other hand, if you work from home, then using the spray may be a good option for you. I cannot stress enough that the price is worth it! I’m not one to spend a lot of money, but seeing the behavioral changes was (and still is) incredible. We observed a decrease in aggressive behaviors fairly quickly between Elliott & Max, as well as a general reduction of anxious, and territorial, behaviors. Will Pheromone Products Fix All Behavioral Problems? Sadly, I can’t say for sure whether they will eliminate all of the behaviors you’d like to get rid of. Sometimes there are additional measures that need to be taken before behaviors will change. Some examples include modification of the behavior(s) of the owner(s), increasing the number of litter boxes in the home, arranging furniture differently, providing activities and toys, and the list could go on. Owners are responsible for providing an enriching environment for their pets. For example, it’s not fair to get angry at a dog that engages in problem behaviors due to the owner never being home, not having enough chew toys, or not getting enough exercise to burn off excess energy. Nor is it fair to attempt to modify the behavior of an animal that is in physical pain. That being said, an important consideration is to ALWAYS RULE OUT HEALTH ISSUES before implementing a strategy to reduce negative behavior(s) with your pets. You never know if they’re experiencing pain from a health issue until you bring them in to get checked out. For example, when I used to work with kids and they engaged in challenging behaviors (e.g., screaming, lashing out, etc.), we would make sure they were checked by a healthcare professional prior to implementing any behavioral interventions. You would be amazed at how often their behaviors were caused by pain they were experiencing (usually GI issues or tooth pain), but they didn’t know how to express it appropriately. If your pet is acting different, get them checked out before you do anything else. – Litter Boxes: If you own multiple cats, then you need more than 1 litter box. Make sure to clean litter boxes frequently (meaning DAILY) and place them in areas your cat is comfortable in. Provide 1-2 inches of unscented litter (usually preferred over scented litter) rather than 3-4 inches. –Scratchers: When dealing with scratching behaviors, the best strategy is not to try to stop your cat from scratching, but instead to teach your cat where and what to scratch. Make sure to provide your cat with appropriate, cat-attractive surfaces and objects to scratch, such as scratching posts and cardboard scratchers. It’s important to figure out what your cat prefers. Do they like vertical scratching posts? Do they like horizontal scratchers? Do they prefer cardboard surfaces over carpeted ones? These are all very important things to consider for your feline friend(s)! –Toys/Activities: Maybe your cat/dog doesn’t prefer the toys you’ve purchased or the activities you attempt to engage them in. Maybe they’re bored of staring at the same ball you bought years ago. I can’t tell you how many toys I’ve bought that our cats won’t touch (they will usually play with the materials they are wrapped in), or how frequently we rotate toys to help prevent boredom. However, when we do find a toy or activity they enjoy, they tend to run around like maniacs, do fancy parkour moves around the apartment, make chirping noises, and bolt from one room to the next. The key is finding what toys and activities your pet prefers, and prevent boredom by rotating toys and activities on a regular basis. In conclusion (I could write forever on behavioral strategies), if you’ve ruled out health issues with your veterinarian and have addressed the issues I’ve listed above, and negative behaviors are continuing, using Feliway/Adaptil may be a great option for you to consider. Brown Beard is a 9 month old, female bearded dragon. She was brought to Ohana Animal Hospital because she had not been able to go to the bathroom normally for about one month. She was straining every time she tried to go, and only a small amount of stool would occasionally be produced. The owner initially tried some mineral oil to see if that would move the blockage through the intestines, but it didn’t seem to be working. The owner was referred to our veterinarian, Dr. Zach Steffes, to discuss further options to make Brown Beard comfortable. After discussing the problem with the owner, we decided that surgery was the best option. Brown Beard was quickly losing weight, and was starting to have life threatening systemic problems the result of the long-term intestinal impaction. Brown Beard was started on pain medications, antibiotics, and an intraosseous catheter was placed to provide fluids. She was anesthetized, and surgery was performed to remove all of the sand and other material stuck in the intestinal tract. She recovered well from surgery, and was hospitalized on fluids, pain medications, antibiotics, thermal support, and was syringe fed a liquid diet to help her put on weight once again. Brown Beard was kept in the hospital for two weeks in the intensive care unit, and is finally ready to go home. She still has a long road to a full recovery, but she is doing great. Brown Beard is a good example of a relatively common problem in reptiles. We frequently see cage substrate ingested by bearded dragons, and then get stuck in the intestinal tract. If caught early, you can often provide fluids and get the material to move through the intestines, but if caught late, surgery is often the best option. The earlier surgery is performed, the better the outcome in general. Make sure to call us immediately if you notice that your reptile is having trouble defecating. We can help! We wish you all the best Brown Beard, and we look forward to removing your stitches in 6 weeks!! The lesson of the day is don’t eat sand. Sand belongs on the beach, not in your intestinal tract.
0.974702	Don’t miss the inspiring true-life political thriller, “Dark Money,” when it airs on PBS later this summer, or in theaters. I saw it Monday night in San Jose and talked about political money in the Citizens United era on a panel with Santa Clara County Supervisor Cindy Chavez, and two of the film’s stars, former Federal Election Commission Chair Ann Ravel and Montana Free Press’ John S. Adams. Our conclusion: Campaign donations of unlimited size will continue to flow, which makes disclosure all the more vital, though hardly a given. Gov. Jerry Brown arrives Monday at the Community College Board of Trustees meeting. Some context: Brown got his start in politics by winning a community college seat in Los Angeles almost 50 years ago. Now, as his term winds down, Brown went to the California Community College Board of Trustees to underscore his support for the new undertaking. Brown included $120 million in his final budget for the new online community college, which is scheduled to start in the fall of 2019 after he has left office. Like the other 114 other community college districts, the online college will have its own board and president. Students who cannot take time from jobs and family to attend regular classes will enroll in courses that will help them advance in their jobs, no matter their age. CALmatters’ Felicia Mello described the concept in this piece. Teachers and others were skeptical at the start, viewing it as a threat to a more traditional college education. Many have become supportive, if not fully enthusiastic. Several California schools continue to admit kids who are not vaccinated against childhood diseases, two years after the state adopted legislation intended to increase vaccinations. Remind me: Previously, parents could cite personal beliefs for avoiding the requirement that they have their kids vaccinated before enrolling them in school. Now, as a result of hard-fought 2015 legislation, a physician must exempt any child from vaccination. The reaction: The vaccination rate among kindergartners is up to 95 percent statewide, from 93 percent before it took effect in 2016, the Los Angeles Times’ Soumya Karlamangla reports, citing state health data. But medical exemptions have increased fourfold since the new law took effect, and 90 percent or fewer kindergartners had all required shots at 785 of the state’s 6,500 elementary schools. At 20 schools, most of them in Northern California, more than a quarter of students received medical exemptions. Some parents remain convinced that vaccinations are harmful, despite medical evidence to the contrary. The Medical Board of California recently sanctioned an Orange County physician by placing him on 35 months probation for improperly exempting a 2-year-old boy. An option: Sen. Richard Pan, a pediatrician and Sacramento Democrat who carried the 2015 legislation, intends to tighten the law, perhaps by authorizing the state to intervene if physicians are too loose with medical exemptions. Keshara Shaw and her son, Mikahi. Parents having a hard time moving their kids to different schools would get a hand under legislation aimed at helping foster youth, homeless or recently homeless students, students of migrant families, and bullied victims. Kiley’s bill is awaiting a final Senate vote in August. Assemblyman Tony Thurmond, Richmond Democrat. “There are many school districts that are struggling”—Assemblyman Tony Thurmond, a Richmond Democrat running for state superintendent of public instruction, told me over coffee recently. His prescription: authorize districts with declining student enrollment to generate cash by more easily selling surplus property; provide housing assistance for teachers, and push for an initiative that would raise corporate property taxes. Thurmond praised the Make It Fair initiative, a proposal aimed at the 2020 ballot that is intended to raise $3.6 billion or more for public schools. The initiative would alter Proposition 13, the 1978 initiative that slashed property taxes. A generation later, many businesses still pay property taxes based on 30-year-old land values. The campaign would be a donnybrook. I’ll catch up with Thurmond’s opponent, fellow Democrat Marshall Tuck, soon.
0.999966	Of Course, It Sounds Like The Perfect Job! The idea has been long been dubbed "indyref 2" and that hashtag shot to the top of Twitter's trends list shortly after the vote result became clear. Scotland voted 62% in favour of Remain. Image copyright Twitter The conversation online was being driven overwhelmingly by pro-independence campaigners. But people who had supported "Better Together" during the Scottish referendum vote also spoke about the possibility of a break-away from the UK as a result of the vote over EU membership. Perhaps the most significant was Scottish author JK Rowling who tweeted : "Scotland will seek independence now. Cameron's legacy will be breaking up two unions. Neither needed to happen." Image copyright Twitter Many took to Twitter to express new or strengthened pro-independence feelings in the wake of the latest vote (Just as a reminder: a "Yes" vote in Scotland's 2014 referendum was for independence, while the winning "No" campaign backed staying in the UK). Image copyright Twitter One old tweet from 2014's independence referendum gained new life on Friday. Put out by the cross-party Better Together campaign, it reminded Scottish voters that the EU membership of an independent Scotland would be no sure thing: Image copyright Twitter Next story: Nigel Farage's wild night As the EU referendum vote swung decisively to Leave, perhaps nobody's fortunes changed more than UKIP leader Nigel Farage. Would you ever want to fly with the same airline cheapest flights to chicago cheapest flights to hawaii from edinburgh airport illinois from dublin again? Passengers are also allowed to carry water, juice, or any other such liquid essential for nutrition, but only in case of disability or a medical problem. However, often, candidates who have completed their college degree are given first preference by reputed international airlines. A good personality, some presence of mind, quick thinking, and amazing interpersonal skills, it takes all these and more to become an ideal air hostess, who through her good work and dedication, reaches the sky and becomes an inspiration to everybody who meet her, be it in the way she carries herself, in the way she treats others, or in the way she sees the world. High school diploma is the minimum educational qualification. It may range from 24 hours in case of minor surgeries to 3 months, in case of major invasive surgeries. Of course, it sounds like the perfect job! You should also ensure to ascertain particular ordinances of the airline or the country you are going to, as their ordinances might vary. Therefore, excellent communication skills are extremely important. It was then that the United States Transportation Security Administration or BSA came out with a set of rules to prevent a similar plot in the future.
0.944916	Mission San Miguel located north of San Luis Obispo along highway 101 not only has stories of ghosts, but also buried Treasure. Founded in 1797 the mission is located seven miles north of Paso Robles. During the Mexican occupation of California, Pio Pico decided to sell and convert most of the missions in California. As a result, the mission was secularized in 1836 and on July 4th, 1846 Mission San Miguel was sold to a man named William (or perhaps John) Reed for the small sum of $250. It was the last mission to be sold, and three days later the Americans invaded Monterey, unfurling the American flag over the capitol. Reed's business partner was a man named Petronilo Rios. As the gold rush was going on, a lot of precious metal was being shipped up and down the coast of California. Reed set up the mission as a Bed and Breakfast. He required that payment only be in gold, and thus amassed quite a small fortune, which he buried somewhere on the mission grounds. Rumors state that it was at the time worth about $200,000 in gold. One night in 1848, he was boasting about his gold to the wrong people, some British pirates apparently who were staying at the Mission for the night. Although they left at first, the lure of Reed's gold caused them to eventually turn around and attack, killing everyone at the mission in their pursuit of the buried treasure. They never found it, and were later rounded up by a posse and executed. The group of murderers included a man named Joseph Peter Lynch who had deserted from General Kearney's command at Fort Leavenworth, and Peter Raymond who was an escaped convict and murderer already, having committed murder and escaped from the gold rush town of Murphys. These two had killed and robbed two Americans of all the gold they were carrying. While at La Soledad Mission, they teamed up with two deserters (one named Peter Quin, the other Peter Remer) from the British warship Warren which had docked in Monterey Bay (some stories have described them as Pirates). Finally there was a Sam Bernard also known as Barnberry who was accompanied by a Native American boy known as John, who was fleeing the Soledad Mission. This group of outlaws eventually arrived at the San Miguel Mission on December 4th, 1848, and there sold their stolen gold to Reed for about seven dollars an ounce. Apparently Reed bragged to the entire group that he had more gold buried on his property than the Native American boy could lift. The group left in the morning after a staying the night in the mission, but soon returned to confront Reed. One of the men, Barnberry struck Reed with an axe, after which John jumped up and stabbed Reed with a knife. The group then went through the Mission murdering the rest of the occupants. Legend states that at one time there were two huge chairs made of oak and leather residing in the Mission. One was originally from the mission, the other having been brought in from Mission San Antonio. Each was imbued with magical powers and could grant wishes. The chair from San Antonio was said to grant good fortune, and people would sit in it and ask for success, good crops, etc. One story claims that a Spanish army captain sat in the chair and realized that he would be needed in one week to save the Mission. One week later, he showed up with his army and arrived just in time to save the Mission from an Indian raid. The chair from San Miguel would help those who sat in it wish for the heart of their beloved. People supposedly came from all around California to wish for their heart's desire. One story about the chair involved a rancher from Paso Robles named Ramon Vallencia who had fallen in love with a girl from the ranch next door, but although he courted her, she did not return his affection. So Ramon went off to the Mission San Miguel, sat in the Wishing Chair, wished for his heart's desire, and within a few days had secured the hand of the girl. He then went back to the Mission and so no one else could sit in it, destroyed the Wishing Chair. Sadly the chairs disappeared into history, and no one knows what really happened to them. Think the story of the Wishing Chairs is interesting and hope to find one of the now missing chairs so you can sit in one? Well, think again. Mission historian, Wallace Ohles, has looked into the legend and concluded that chairs never existed, they are simply a legend and everything above isn't true, but at least it makes an amusing story. All told, thirteen (some accounts say eleven, another states ten although Mrs. Reed was pregnant) people were brutally killed that day including Reed, his families, servants, and his guests. Left in a heap on the living room floor of the mission, they were all eventually discovered by a mail carrier named Jamed Beckwourth, and buried in one large communal grave. The killers the next night camped near Templeton, at Reed's business partner's place, supposedly to kill him too in order to get to the gold they were still looking for. However, Petronilo Rios had several Indians living on his land, and thus the murderers decided against it. After the murderers left, one of the Indians discovered that the bandits had accidentally forgotten an earring, which Don Petronilo recognized as belonging to Mrs. Reed. A posse was soon sent after the murderers and confronted them around Summerland, south of Santa Barbara (although some stories say Gaviota, north of Santa Barbara, another says the Ortego Rancho). Some of the bandits were killed, one jumped into the ocean and drowned, and the rest were rounded up, tried and hung in Santa Barbara on December 28th, 1848. Ramon Rodriguez, one of the posse was also killed in the shootout. The mission was returned to the Catholic Church by the United States government in 1859 although it wasn't until 1878 that a padre was finally sent to the mission. Legend has it that Reed and the other victims still haunt the mission as spirits. If Mr. Reed's gold was ever found by anyone, it was never revealed to the public. Although one story claims that the bandits did, in fact, get a hold of it, and their leader jumped into the ocean with it when the posse caught up to them in order to keep it. He drowned as the sheriff and his men shot down at him. It wouldn't be surprising if the Catholic Church found it on the grounds, and never told anyone. Or it could still be there, waiting for someone to discover it. The most common spirit that people see is of a woman in a white dress. Is this perhaps Mrs. Reed? A man in a blue pea-coat has been seen as well and it is documented by the Indians from the mission that Mr. Reed always wore a blue pea-coat. Additionally at least one psychic has had visions of blood and horrible feelings of murder while touring the site. Other ghosts, including one monk, have been seen roaming the Mission's museum's rooms. It is said that the ghosts of the Mission will not rest until they are moved from the communal grave. Currently, the Mission is, undergoing restoration and repairs after the December 2003 earthquake that occurred only a few miles to the west. After a long eight year campaign much of it has been restored and reopened for you visitors to go through and look at. The convento, museum, gift shop, courtyard, sacristy, cemetery and retreat wing have all be restored and reopened. The friar's residence and retreat rooms along with the friar's library and chapel still remain. You should visit, tour the museum especially the cemetery, and perhaps run across poor Mr. and Mrs. Reed. I was part of the construction crew at the mission during the earthquake repair/retrofit for a couple of years. During the early phases of the project most of the crew stayed on the grounds at night. There were a couple of guys who claimed to see the lady in white. I never saw anything, but there were times where only 2 or 3 of us were on site, and we would hear footsteps in the hallways. Thinking it was one of the staffers checking on our progress, someone would peek out to see only to find no one in the hallway. There were also a couple instances of tools going missing from empty rooms when no one else was around. As for the treasure, I always figured it was in the cellar. If it was all buried at once, and left alone, it might make sense to bury it outside, but the cellar makes more sense. If you were storing a huge pile of gold at an inn, would you really put it out in a somewhat public accessible area in the yard, or would you use a hole that was already dug, with no public access? I visited Mission San Miguel with a friend on our way back to the bay area. We stopped because she was taking a photography class and needed some practice. While she was busy taking her photos I ended up wandering over to the cemetery. I was walking through and started feeling an overwhelming sadness. Okay, yeah, cemeteries are sad but they don't usually bother me and it's not like I knew anyone burried there! It took a lot to keep myself from sobbing out loud. I also became increadibly weak and dizzy. Then I got the worst headache. I really thought I was going to pass out so I went back to sit in our car. I had plenty of rest the night before and after we left the mission I was just fine. I felt this huge sense of loss and misery. I think the word I'm looking for is despair. I'll never forget that morning for as long as I live. Half of me would like to go back and see if the feelings return but the other half is a wimp and that's the part that's winning out. I was always a fan of the Missions of Ca. but had little experience with San Miguel. In September of 1990 I was going to San Francisco with a school friend and made a point several times to him that we needed to stop at Mission San Miguel on the way as I hadn't been there since I was about 4. When we reached it there was about an hour before closing. At that time the parking lot was still dirt and we parked near the fountain. I didn't know why at the time, but a feeling of repulsion mixed with dread came over me. I just could not get out of the car. My friend Steve kept asking me why we had stopped if I didn't intend to tour the place, and I couldn't give him a clear reason. No matter how I tried to get myself motivated to go inside, I couldn't do it. We left and when he asked about stopping on the return trip, I flatly refused. About a year and a half later I was reading a book of Mission ghost stories and legends when I read about the San Miguel massacre. I was stunned to say the least and immediately thought back to that day I stayed in the car and how I felt. I knew that this was what I had unknowingly been picking up on. I have to say I felt super creeped out upon reading the story, even though I have dealt with the supernatural all my life in one form or another. I have been back to San Miguel in October 1999 and felt virtually nothing that day, but there's always the next time. Definitely a vibe there. I live not to far from the mission, the locals also say that at night you can see little white lights floating around. Its pretty scary. I never knew there was missing treasure though, thats cool.
0.9999	Have you seen the following superhero movies? Read the text and answer the question. What’s the main idea of the article? An introduction of the film Shazam!. 1. What is the movie about? Billy Batson, the ________of the film, is a 14-year-old boy, who has been in and out of _________. One day, _________another home, Batson _____to the subway and meets a ____, who gives him __________. Whenever Batson says “Shazam”, he ________an _______ man with superhuman powers. 2. After getting his superpowers, how does Batson test his strength? He tests his strength by breaking the rules. He smashes open a soda machine to get free sodas, tricks his teachers, and even buys beer. 3. Can Batson’s new superpowers fix the problems? No. When he faces Dr Thaddeus Sivana, a former misfit kid himself, he realizes that his new superpowers can’t fix every problem. 1. What are the differences between Shazam! and other superhero movies? Other superhero movies have complex, serious storylines about the end of the universe. But Shazam! is a light, funny action comedy about a boy in a superman’s body. 2. Why did Den of Greek webside note ,“Shazam! really feels like the movie we need right now”? Because it has strong messages about families of all shapes and sizes and the importance of supporting and nurturing young people. 1. However, the makers of Shazam!, which came out in China on April 5, have a different take on the superhero movie. 2. While the film is fun and silly, it also has emotional weight. eg. While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. While they are my neighbors, I don't know them well. While she was injured and in hospital, she remained cheerful. 3. A major part of the story centers on Batson’s searching for his real mother. e.g. We all like Tom coming here. I really can't understand Amy treating him like that. What kind of superhero movies do you prefer? Give your reasons and prepare a speech to share with your classmates. What are they doing before their sports events? Based on the title, can you predict what the article is about? Main idea: The research led by Dennis Hsu found that music makes us feel powerful. The article analyses the _______ for music’s magical power, and the _________ work wonders. Read the article carefully and answer the following questions. 1. Does all music make people feel powerful? Not exactly, music actually does make us feel powerful, but not all songs have the same effect. 2. Why does the author mention former NBA player Kobe Bryant? To prove that high-power music made people want to take control in social events and come first in competitions. 3. What is a possible reason for music’s magical power? As for the reason for music’s magical power, Hsu’s team came up with one possible explanation: when people hear music that expresses a sense of power, they mimic these feelings in their mind. 4. What should we consider when choosing music? When choosing music, we also need to look at the type of music, according to researchers. 1. When watching sports events, we often notice athletes with their earphones on while preparing in the locker room or entering the stadium. 2. It’s commonly said that sports are 90 percent mental and only 10 percent physical. 3. As for the reason for music’s magical power, Hsu’s team came up with one possible explanation: when people hear music that expresses a sense of power, they mimic (模拟) these feelings in their mind. What type of music would you choose when jogging, jumping ropes, or playing ball games?
0.99997	Do you want to pursue a career in the healthcare industry which is both rewarding and offers great advancement opportunities? Earning a degree as a patient care technician might just be the career best suited to your ambitions and aspirations. A patient care technician is also called a patient care assistant, and they are responsible for providing qualified and technical assistance to doctors, nurses and the different support staff engaged in providing healthcare assistance to patients. Patient care technicians have direct contact with the patient, making them an important and integral part of the healthcare team in any hospital, clinic or medical care establishment. An individual who wishes to pursue a career as a patient care technician should be well aware of the responsibilities and duties entrusted to this position. They are responsible for collecting and recording vital medical information of the patients, collecting samples for testing and providing assistance to patients during the entire treatment and consultation process. The responsibilities and duties of a patient care technician are vital for ensuring the proper healthcare treatment of a patient. The monitoring of patient symptoms and conditions along with collecting the necessary testing samples correctly and most importantly ensuring the suitable required physical assistance needed by patients, are essential for the patients undergoing treatment, and on their way to recovery. The patient care technician’s serve as the bridge between the patient and medical professionals, and ensure the proper monitoring of vital signs and recording of important health information like weight, blood pressure, pulse rate and temperature, of the patient. They serve to provide much needed support to patients and offer them a comforting assistance to help them during their treatment. If you feel that you have what it takes to pursue a career as a patient care technician and recognize your passion for providing healthcare support to patients in medical establishments, then you should seek a degree from a reputable college. Post-secondary certification is essential for a person who wishes to work in the industry as a patient care technician. You can apply for an extensive training program in order to establish your career as a patient care technician, which has great demand and significant use in the healthcare sector. The career also offers great opportunities for advancement and growth, as many individuals get higher certifications and pursue advanced and more rewarding careers in the healthcare industry after gaining access to the sector as a patient care technician. The patient care technicians provide their healthcare assistance services in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, care facilities and outpatient clinics. Their role of ensuring accurate and prompt monitoring and observing, providing basic essential care giving and qualified collaboration assistance and treatment support, mark their position as highly important and significant in the healthcare industry. If you have a passion for practicing a career in the healthcare industry, and are compassionate, with the ability to act promptly and efficiently, then earning a degree and becoming a patient care technician is probably the ideal career choice for you.
0.96838	Do turbo petrol engines have a future? I have an 2008 Volkswagen Passat 1.4 TSi petrol that I find excellent. Is there any indication from VW about turbo petrol engines in the new Passat due at the end of year? More generally do you think turbo petrols will be a growth area? I think they are excellent alternative to diesel which a lot of people are buying on dealers recommendation without being fully convinced of, with regard to smooth power delivery? Volkswagen aren't saying much at the moment, but you can take it as a given that the new model will feature the 1.4-litre TSi and I reckon (and this just a guess) that it will be the same one that is in the Passat at the moment. This is a reasonably new engine and I think it will be automobileried over to the replacement. The 122hp unit replaced the 1.6-litre petrol and for the first while I would see this engine being automobileried over. As you can see from what they have done in the Polo, with the 105hp unit available, there is increasing popularlity and relevance for these smaller turbocharged engines and they definitely have a future. They offer a great way of keeping emissions down but at the same time returning pretty potent performance. Everyone is being conditioned to buy diesel automobiles at the moment, but this new raft of small petrol turbocharged engines will offer a great alternative.
0.999996	[Translate to English:] Die umweltfreundliche staubfreie Reinigungstechnologie von systeco ist für viele Unternehmen der Reinigungsbranche zunehmend interessanter. In general, housing associations manage many properties and homes. On outer facades graffiti paintings are often seen, which must be removed costly. Also indoors the walls and floors pollute very fast. Systeco´s green cleaning machine could already help in many cases. List of chosen housing associations. Machinery of all kinds are rented often via rental stations, especially if machines are needed for a special short term work. Smaller machines can be borrowed in a hardware store, bigger machines can be rented from a construction machines renter.
0.999224	Blackburn manager Sam Allardyce does not believe David Beckham is likely to be interested in a move to Ewood Park. Rovers’ prospective new owner Ahsan Ali Syed has vowed to back Allardyce in the transfer market if a takeover goes through and admitted recently that he would love to sign Beckham. Allardyce feels such a move would be good for the profile of the club, while he also thinks Beckham could still be successful in the Premier League at the age of 35. However, he doubts whether the LA Galaxy midfielder would be open to a switch back to England after leaving Manchester United in 2003. 'Mr Syed says that he would like to spend it on youth, and then that he would like to sign David Beckham,' Allardyce told Sky Sports News. 'Obviously that’s not actually youth, but that’s like more of a PR signing that would bring a lot of attention to the club. To me it is about whether David is still good enough to play in the Premier League at his age, and he probably is. 'And the other factor is does he want to come to Blackburn and does he want to come back to England? In my experience the answer to that is no.
0.999967	What's the difference between Elders, Bishops and Pastors? The term Elder was originally used to denote the older men of a Jewish community which governed and made the major decisions. In the New Testament, the term evolved into a description of a mature believer charged with spiritual supervision and ministry within the church, detached from the relationship with age. The terms elder, bishop and pastor are generally used interchangeably in the New Testament, although "elder" primarily refers to the person, while "bishop or pastor" deals with their office. "Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and doctrine" (1 Tim. 5:17). A bishop means "an overseer," originally the principal officer or pastor of a local church, but later evolved into a position of supervision over multiple churches. "This is a faithful saying: If a man desires the position of a bishop, he desires a good work" (1 Tim. 3:1). In today's society, a Pastor is generally a minister and spiritual overseer of a church congregation — the same as an elder or bishop. Pastor was probably not intended to be as much a title, as it was an adjective to describe what he does. A pastor literally means "shepherd," a metaphoric description of one who cares for and leads a flock of God's sheep. One of five office gifts described in Ephesians 4:11.
0.999979	"The Roles of the Queen and the Governor-General in Australia" ' exercised by the Governor-General, and what are those of the Queen herself? This question is the subject of widespread debate and there are many misconceptions regarding these roles. It must be remembered that the term 'Head of State' does not appear within the Australian Constitution. The roles of the Queen and the Governor-General within Australia today can be categorised into two types, these being constitutional and traditional functions. In Section I of the Constitution, the Queen is specified as being the highest level of Government within Australia. The position of Governor-General is introduced and defined in Section 2 as being Her Majesty's representative within Australia. The first mention of his role comes in Section 5, which states that he may appoint the times for sessions of Parliament, along with having the power to prorogue or dissolve it. In Sections 32 and 33, the Governor-General is given the authority to issue writs for general elections or for by-elections. Section 57 sets down the guidelines for dissolution of Parliament due to disagreement between the Houses, and Section 58 contains the Governor-General's principal legislative authority: to assent to or withhold assent from a law in the Queen's name, or to 'reserve the law for the Queen's pleasure', along with making recommendations for amendments to a proposed law. Alterations to the Constitution, following a successful referendum, shall also be presented to the Governor-General for the Queen's assent. Section 59 deals with the Queen's power to overrule the Governor-General or to disallow and annul any law he may assent to. Under Section 61,'The executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the Queen and is exercisable by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative'. The creation of the Federal Executive Council and the way in which the Governor-General acts on its advice is dealt with in Sections 62 and 63, while Ministers of State are named as the Councillors in Section 64. Sections 64, 65, 67 and 72 deal with the appointment of Ministers of State, Civil Servants and Justices of the High Court by the Governor-General. Section 68 names the Governor-General as the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force and Section 126 gives the Governor-General the power to appoint deputies if authorised by the Queen. Looking at the Constitution, it is evident that the Queen herself exercises almost no Constitutional powers, as although she is vested of executive authority, the powers are exercised by the Governor-General as her representative, making him the effective, although not titular, head of state. In practice, the Queen cannot do anything within Australia, nor even visit the nation, without an invitation from the Prime Minister. Also, the appointment of the Governor-General by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister is little more than a formal acknowledgement of the 'recommendation'. Most of the Governor-General's constitutional actions are made on the advice of the Federal Executive Council, such as appointments to official positions and issuing writs and other proclamations. As the Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Forces, the Governor-General plays a purely ceremonial role, acting solely on the advice of the Ministry, appointing the Chief of the Defence Force and the Chiefs of the three armed services, officially issuing commissions to officers and reviewing parades. A non-constitutional duty which is performed on the advice of the Federal Executive Council is the exercising of the prerogative of mercy in the Queen's name. Along with his constitutional duties, the Governor-General also performs a number of ceremonial duties. Some of these are to open new sessions of the Federal Parliament, to receive the credentials of foreign Ambassadors and High Commissioners to Australia, to conduct investiture ceremonies for awards within the Australian Honours System. The 'unwritten' role of the Governor-General has evolved over the years to also be representative, visiting communities around Australia, receiving and formally entertaining many Australians and representatives of organizations active in the life of the community, accepting patronage of various organizations, partly as a sign of their value within the community, and overall to embody and promote Australian values and beliefs. The roles of the Queen and the Governor-General are overall intended to be points around which Australians can unite as a nation and as a people. It is obvious that although the roles of the Queen and the Governor-General are relatively small, they, especially the Governor-General, are intrinsic positions within Australian Government, if nothing else, as nonpolitical 'watchdogs' and guardians of the Constitution. Webster's Federation of a Nation (1998) (CD ROM) Webster Publishing. "Major achievements during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II" Queen Elizabeth II this year celebrates her 50th year as the Queen of Australia and many other countries in the Commonwealth. She is only the fifth monarch to have achieved this milestone. The following is a review of some of the major achievements during her reign. The Queen's reign began on Wednesday, 6 February 1952, when her father, King George VI, died after several years of ill health. The 25 year-old Princess Elizabeth was in Kenya with The Duke of Edinburgh on a Commonwealth tour they had just begun. Elizabeth flew home that day and, although she technically became Queen as soon as her father died, she wasn't officially announced Queen until her coronation a few months later. During her second decade of reign, there were several firsts. In 1962 the Queen opened a new gallery at Buckingham Palace that displayed items from the Royal Collection. This new gallery occupied the space of the Palace's bomb damaged private chapel and was the first time that parts of the Palace were open to the general public. This gallery proved very popular. While she was visiting Australia and New Zealand in 1970, the Queen introduced a new practice - the "walkabout" - to allow them to meet as many people as possible. During this period she became the first monarch to visit West Germany since World War II. Her third decade of reign from 1972-1981 saw Her Majesty celebrate twenty-five years as Sovereign in 1977 with "The Silver Jubilee" nationwide tour and many Commonwealth visits. The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh travelled a total of 89600km visiting many parts of the UK and Commonwealth to mark the occasion. It also saw several firsts on the international stage. These included a visit to communist Yugoslavia in 1972, travelling to Japan as the guest of Emperor Hirohito in 1975 and she officially opened the "Queen Elizabeth II stadium" (Q.E.2) in Brisbane on a rainy 10th March 1977. In 1979 she was the first British Sovereign to visit the Middle East, and she visited Pope John Paul II in the Vatican in 1980. The decade 1982-1991 saw the Queen and Prince Phillip travel to many parts of the world. She opened the Brisbane Commonwealth Games in 1982, at the "QE2" stadium (now the "ANZ" stadium). These games were famous for "Matilda", a giant winking kangaroo statue who now resides at "Wet and Wild Waterpark". Ties with the rest of the Commonwealth were reinforced with visits to Australia, Canada, the Caribbean and New Zealand. A visit by her to China was marked down in the record books as the first time a British monarch had visited the country. She also visited Australia again as part of the celebrations for Australia's bicentenary year in 1988. In 1990 Her Majesty led the commemoration of an event in the Second World War - the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Britain. In the course of her fifth decade of reign 1992-2002, the Queen has taken part in yet more celebrations. She led celebrations for the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe in 1995, the arrival of the new Millennium, the 100th birthday of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. In this, her 50th year of Sovereign reign there is expected to be many public events and visits by the Queen and Prince Phillip, throughout the UK and Commonwealth. During her time as Queen she has met more of her subjects and undertaken more official duties than any of her predecessors. With this in mind, this milestone is well worth celebrating.
0.999135	Article - When Did You Clean Your Seat Belts...if Ever? When Did You Clean Your Seat Belts...if Ever? Your seat belts can save your life and many people are still alive because they wore them. Here at Color Recon, we often work around seat belts, so we know that they are necessary to car safety, and that's why we often stress that folks wear them here in Orlando, FL. Your seat belts will get on-going daily wear from liquid and food spills, filthy hands, and oils from peoples' (and pets') skin. With national safety campaigns, we know the importance of wearing our seat belts, but do we ever think about cleaning them? The sad fact is that most car washes and even professional detailers don't normally wash seat belts. So, if your seat belts have not been cleaned since you got the vehicle, it may be time to refresh those babies. To get started, open your vehicle's door and carefully pull the seat belt out of the retractor. Utilize a simple clamp to stop the belt from retracting back into the spool while you're cleaning it. Next, evenly spray some fabric cleaner on the fibers and scour them with a gentle brush. Rub in the direction of the fibers and don't use a circular motion (basically, avoid circles). Over time and with excess pressure, the webbing on your seat belts will start to fray after heavy usage. If any of the stains on your belts still won't disappear, water down some all-purpose cleaner in a little cup of lukewarm water and then submerge the brush into the cup. Then, apply some elbow grease to that area of the belt. Don't ever use too much cleaner or a brush that might damage the fibers. For seat belts that are particularly stinky, vinegar is great at eliminating offensive odors, because it is a natural antibacterial agent that can knock down even the worst aromas. To minimize future mold issues, you might need access to a steam machine. In this case, spray fabric cleaner on the belt and use the machine on the webbing to blow the dirt away and kill those pesky germs in the process. Steam is your best friend in this regard, but it will allow you to mitigate the moisture and then dry it out quickly. After the cleaning process is complete, let your seat belts have enough time to air them out completely. This way, they can dry out and any chemical smell will promptly go away. If you can follow these simple steps, your valued seat belts will be clean and pristine and ready to protect you one more as you drive around Orlando!
0.998842	Turmeric is a bright yellow colored spice from a popular Indian plant known as curcuma longa. It is widely used in cooking and considered as a holistic medicine offering numerous benefits to health. Though it is popular with ancient medical practices, it is yet to be thoroughly proven by science. When you consume turmeric as a health supplement it is more effective compared to pharmaceutical drugs. It does not cause adverse effects to the extent pharmaceutical drugs do, but turmeric also causes minimal side effects. Hence it is important to seek medical advice before planning to use turmeric as a health supplement. This article highlights some of the side effects caused by turmeric when taken as a health supplement for prolonged periods of time. When you use turmeric based health supplements for short periods of time, the chances of side-effects would be extremely low. Nonetheless, when it is consumed for prolonged periods of time, some adverse effects may occur and persist. The prescribed amount of turmeric in supplements, to be taken on a daily basis is in the range of 400 milligrams to 3 grams. When you consume beyond the prescribed amount, it may lead to undesirable effects such as nausea, problems in digestion and gas. Your appetite can also get affected due to this. It may lead to stomach ulcer or something more complicated such as bleeding in the stomach. Whenever you find some uneasiness in the stomach while you are taking turmeric as a healthcare supplement, you should stop immediately and seek medical attention. You may develop skin allergies while using turmeric health supplements. The symptoms may look like red rashes or patches on the skin. Sometimes these rashes can even be itchy. People who are allergic to food that is yellow in color or allergic to food containing ginger may develop these side effects too. If rashes do not diminish on its own, then you must check with a physician to treat them as soon as possible. Since the interactions of other drugs with turmeric is not known in all cases, consuming turmeric supplements without physician advice may increase acid production in the stomach. It is also not advised to have turmeric supplements along with blood thinners and drugs that are taken to treat diabetes. Women who are pregnant and lactating must also consult a medical professional before using turmeric supplements. In some cases it is known to work against reproduction and may cause allergies if you are suffering from endometriosis, or have fibroids in the uterus. Those who have gallstones or obstructions in the bile ducts should avoid curcumin. To summarize, if you are suffering from any medical condition or taking pharmaceutical drugs, you must check with a physician before you plan to use turmeric as a healthcare supplement to stay safe from allergies and adverse effects.
0.982517	a team for hot summer days? I know this team(as well as my grammar) needs improvement just tell me where and why OK! Tangrowth. it is the reason sunny day teams exist. you need more pokemon that take advantage of sunny day. Slobro is good at setting it up and resists all the fires that come to torch your grass. you just need more pokemon to take advantage of the waether as at this point only two are. switching out, meaning that you are at a disadvantage. This move set is so amazing in the sun... With an Adamant Nature you reach 398 Speed after Chlorophyll, meaning that you outrun everything in UU except Electrode without a Scarf. If you choose Jolly, you can outrun things like Modest Choice Scarf Rotom and Modest Choice Scarf Moltres, but since you lose a lot of power and most Scarf Rotom are Timid and Moltres is rarely scarfed, Adamant is superior. With this set you can freely change attacks and after a Swords Dance your attack is 656 if you choose Adamant. thanks^_^ shoud i also keep my slowbro the way he is or give it t-wave or toxic instead of s-day? Right ^_^; BTW you got bored with your unowns ? Although Xatu makes a somewhat useful Lead, it lacks quite a lot of things. One thing you can take into account is Ambipom. Ever since the absence of Froslass, Ambipom can now abuse its Technician Priority and 115 Spe to pull of a Sunny Day. Considering that the most common use of Ambipom would be Fake Out+Double Hit, some people may want to switch into bulkier Pokemon, which at that time, set up Sunny Day. Now, you have some major threats coming onto your team, mainly Arcanine, Houndoom, and Moltres. While both dogs are immune to Fire types, all of them can take advantage of the situation, and seeing that they're running around quite a lot, you will need a deterrent and Stealth Rock. Golduck doesn't make for a great deterrent. In fact, the reason Golduck is useful is to Counter weather teams. Now, my choice of a deterrent would be Magmortar, the lost UU pokemon that was like a really cool abuser of Sunny Day. Its enormous movepool provides great countering options. While Specs gives you raw Spe. Attack to outrun all three potential threats, Life Orb gives you more flexibility on your attacking targets. On the Standard LO Moltres, Magmortar resists Fire Blast with half of its HP remaining and can KO Moltres back with Thunderbolt. Magmortar can survive a Air Slash, unless under SR, which can survive only a little under half the time. Arcanine and Houndoom are somewhat weaker in strength, with Focus Blast to kill Houndoom and Morning Glory Arcanine. Bulky and Restalk, though not as common, will pose problems against it. As by popular demand, Chloro Tangrowth makes and excellent mixed sweeper or physical sweeper. Tangrowth backs up as a Steel deterrent, with +2 Earthquake possibly KOing Registeel and threatens Steelix. +2 Power Whip automatically KOs the Bulky Waters. Giving Tangrowth a Jolly nature gives it the power to outrun Swellow and basically anything that stands in its way. Rock Slide is useful against Scyther. Now what you have left is the choice of a Special Wall/Tank, a Physical Wall/Tank, or a bulky thing or a Mixed Attacker. Either the Special Wall or the Physical Wall must have Stealth Rock to facilitate KOs and the fact that its trendy. EDIT: I also forgot. You will also need a Spinner to get rid of SR coming in and another Back up Sunny Day just in case Ambipom dies out. I think you understand how the set works. Yeah... Cherrim's not on my top list when it comes to refilling the sun. The fact that it probably might find use in NU Sunny Day, but it suffers in UU. Even with Sp. Def boost, Grass is by far one of the worst defending types ever, with 5 weaknesses. If you factor in the most used moves, Flamethrower and Ice Beam is up there, not to mention a lot of Physical attacks from the Physical spectrum. Plus, this team dosen't say its 2v2, so it is implied that its 1v1, which makes Helping Hand dead weight. If you seriously want to use this set in Singles, even though the failure rate is quite high, you would have to switch Protect with Substitute because Substitute can prevent a total combination of 25% of the user's health, and with Leech Seed recovering about 12% every turn, Substitute runs better. Also, remove Helping Hand with Energy Ball or Solarbeam so you won't be Taunt Trapped. Oh, sorry, did not read that it was a Singles Team. xD Actually, i have not had any problem with Taunt. And i have a litle Strategy to keep her away from attacks the first turn. And Helping Hand has helped allot. I'm using this for 2v2 btw. My Cherrim has helped allot in my Sunny Day team. Whatever, it is not my set that is going to be rated. Yeah, considering that UU is full of Spikers and SRs, as well as boosters, Taunt can really shut you down, especially a Sunny Day team, where the whole team relies on that one move that is Taunt susceptible. Again don't revive dead threads. Read the rules. This thread isn't dead...? A dead thread is like 1-2 months ago usually. I didn't know you were a mod?!?! Come on can you please stop Mini Modding? I think the Mods can handle this on their own. Subject: Re: a team for hot summer days?
0.967905	What are The benefits of using a garden to entertain? Well for one there are amazing health benefits but a garden can also be used as a space to create. This blog is my garden portfolio and a place to store my photographs and a visual diary of the beautiful plants that I grow. If you love styling then you will also find some great table setting ideas if you delve a little further into recent posts. Stay a while and enjoy.
0.950587	Red Guards ( ) were a mass movement of civilians, mostly students and other young people in China , who were mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution. The first students to call themselves "Red Guards" in China were a group of students at the Tsinghua University Middle School who used the name Red Guards to sign two big-character posters issued on 25 May and 2 June 1966. The students believed that the criticism of the play Hai Rui Dismissed from Office was a political issue and needed greater attention. The group of students, led by Zhang Chengzhi and Nie Yuanzi, originally wrote the posters as a constructive criticism of Tsinghua University 's administration, which was accused of harboring "intellectual elitism" and "bourgeois" tendencies. However, they were denounced as "counter-revolutionaries" and "radicals" by the school administration and fellow students, and were forced to secretly meet amongst the ruins of the Old Summer Palace . Nevertheless, Chairman Mao Zedong ordered that the manifesto of the Red Guards be broadcast on national radio and published in the People's Daily newspaper. This action gave the Red Guards political legitimacy, and student groups quickly began to appear across China. Due to the factionalism already beginning to emerge in the Red Guard movement, Liu Shaoqi made the decision in early June 1966 to send in CCP work teams. These work groups were led by Zhang Chunqiao, head of China's Propaganda Department, and were the attempt by the Party to keep the movement under its control. Rival Red Guard groups led by the sons and daughters of cadres were formed by these work teams to deflect attacks away from those in positions of power towards bourgeois elements in society, mainly intellectuals. In addition, these Party-backed rebel groups also attacked students with 'bad' class backgrounds (these included the children of former landlords and capitalists). These actions were all attempts by the CCP to preserve the existing state government and apparatus. Mao, concerned that these work teams were hindering the course of the Cultural Revolution, dispatched Chen Boda, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng, and others to join the Red Guards and combat the work teams. In July 1966, Mao ordered the removal of the remaining work teams (against the wishes of Liu Shaoqi) and condemned their 'fifty days of White Terror'. The Red Guards were now free to organise without the restrictions of the Party and, within a few weeks, on the encouragement of Mao's supporters, Red Guard groups had appeared in almost every school in China. On the 18th August 1966, Mao met a million Red Guards formally in an audience given in Tiananmen Square , when he donned a Red Guard armband to demonstrate his support for the movement and its objectives. It was this rally that signified the beginning of the Red Guards' involvement in implementing the aims of the Cultural Revolution. The 11th Plenum, meeting in August, had ratified the 'Sixteen Articles', a document that stated the aims of the Cultural Revolution and highlighted the role students would be asked to play in the movement. After the August rally, the Cultural Revolution Group directed the Red Guards to attack the 'Four Olds' of Chinese society (old customs, old culture, old habits and old ideas). For the rest of the year, Red Guards marched across China in a campaign to eradicate the 'Four Olds'. Old books and art was destroyed, museums were ransacked, and streets were renamed with new revolutionary names and adorned with pictures and the sayings of Mao. Many famous temples, shrines, and other heritage sites were attacked and, in total, 4,922 out of 6,843 were destroyed. However, attacks on culture quickly descended into attacks on people. Ignoring guidelines in the 'Sixteen Articles' that stipulated that persuasion rather than force were to be used to bring about the Cultural Revolution, officials in positions of authority and perceived 'bourgeois elements' were denounced and suffered physical and psychological attacks. Intellectuals were to suffer the brunt of these attacks. An official report in October of 1966 reported that the Red Guards had already arrested 22000 'counterrevolutionaries'. Occasionally, the Red Guards brought large a group of targeted people for firing squads, who left some randomly chosen people alive while others around them were shot. This "Chinese roulette" was said to leave a bullet of fear and repression inside the brain. The Red Guards were also tasked with rooting out 'capitalist roaders' (those with supposed 'right wing' views) in positions of authority, This search was to extend to the very highest echelons of the CCP, with many top party officials, such as Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Dehuai being attacked both verbally and physically by the Red Guards. However, the Red Guards were not to go about their activities completely unchallenged. When Red Guards entered factories and other areas of production, they encountered resistance in the form of worker and peasant groups who were keen to maintain the status quo. In addition, there were bitter divisions within the Red Guard movement itself, especially along social and political lines. The most radical students often found themselves in conflict with more conservative Red Guards. The leadership in Peking also simultaneously tried to restrain and encourage the Red Guards, adding confusion to an already chaotic situation. On the one hand, the Cultural Revolution Group reiterated calls for non-violence, but on the other hand the People's Liberation Army was told to assist the Red Guards with transport and lodging, and there were eight rallies in Tiananmen Square between the 18th August and the 26th November 1966 (in total, twelve million Red Guards travelled to see Mao in these rallies). However, by the end of 1966, most of the Cultural Revolution Group were of the opinion that the Red Guards had become too much of a political liability. The campaign against 'capitalist-roaders' had led to anarchy, the Red Guards' actions had led to conservatism amongst China's workers, and the lack of discipline and the factionalism in the movement had made the Red Guards politically dangerous. 1967 would see the decision to dispel the student movement. By February 1967 political opinion at the centre had now decided on the removal of the Red Guards from the Cultural Revolution scene in the interests of stability. In February and March the People's Liberation Army (PLA) forcibly suppressed the more radical Red Guard groups in Sichuan , Anhui , Hunan , Fujian and Hubei provinces. Students were also ordered to return to schools, student radicalism was branded 'counterrevolutionary' and banned. However, in the spring, there was a wide backlash against the suppressions, with student attacks on any symbol of authority and PLA units. As a result, on September 5th 1967, an order from Mao, the Cultural Revolution Group, the State Council and the Central Military Affairs Committee of the PLA instructed the PLA to restore order to China . In the year that followed, the PLA violently put down the national Red Guard movement, with the suppressions often brutal. For example, a radical alliance of Red Guard groups in Hunan province called the Sheng Wu Lien was involved in clashes with local PLA units, and in the first half of 1968 was forcibly suppressed. At the same time, in Guangxi province, the PLA carried out mass executions of Red Guards that were unprecedented in their nature in the Cultural Revolution. The final remnants of the movement were defeated in Peking in the summer of 1968. Reportedly, in an audience of the Red Guard leaders with Mao, the Chairman informed them gently of the end of the movement with a tear in his eye. The repression of the students by the PLA was not as gentle. After the summer of 1968, some more radical students continued to travel across China and play an unofficial part in the Cultural Revolution, but by the summer of 1968 the movements's official and substantial role was over. In The Last Emperor, the Red Guard appeared near the end of the film humiliating the kind prison warden who treated the Emperor of China Puyi kindly. The film To Live has the Red Guards appearing in a few scenes, showing their various types of activity. Farewell My Concubine, the Red Guards humiliate Cheng Dieyi and Duan Xiaolou as they try to overthrow the old society. In the film The Blue Kite, Tei Tou's classmates are shown wearing the red scarfs of the red guards, and the film ends with the red guards denouncing his stepfather. Jung Chang's autobiography Wild Swans describes the atrocities committed by the Red Guards. In Hong Kong , TVB and ATV often depicted the brutality of the Red Guards in films and television dramas. They are rarely portrayed in film and television programs produced in mainland China. The video game Command & Conquer: Generals misleadingly named the Chinese standard infantry unit the "Red Guard". The novel about the Cultural Revolution, Red Scarf Girl by Ji-Li Jiang, prominently features the Red Guards. The main character often wishes she could become one. In the book Son of the Revolution, the main character, Liang Heng, becomes a red guard at age 12, despite the years of persecution he and his family received from them. In the autobiography Gang of One, Fan Shen provides first hand accounts of his youth as a Red Guard. Video of Peng Dehuai, Peng Zhen, Wu Han , 張闻天 plus others being paraded in public.
0.999253	Pierre Jacob is a French philosopher of mind and the cognitive sciences. In the early 1980’s, he published a couple of books in French devoted to the rise and fall of logical empiricism in the philosophy of science (L’empirisme logique, ses antécédents, ses critiques, Paris, Editions de Minuit, 1980 et De Vienne à Cambridge, l’héritage du positivisme logique, Paris, Gallimard, 1980). In the 1990’s much of his work was devoted to the metaphysics of intentionality from a naturalistic perspective (including a book entitled What Minds Can Do, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997, whose French version is called Pourquoi les choses ont-elles un sens? Paris, Odile Jacob, 1997. In 2004, he published L’Intentionnalité, problèmes de philosophie de l’esprit (Paris, Odile Jacob, 2004). In the past fifteen years, his work has shifted from the metaphysics of intentionality to the philosophy of the cognitive sciences. In collaboration with the French cognitive neuroscientist Marc Jeannerod (who died prematurely in 2011), he co-authored a book devoted to the two-visual systems model of human vision (Ways of Seeing, the Scope and Limits of Visual Cognition, Cognitive Science Series, Oxford University Press, 2003). In the recent past, he has published papers devoted to issues raised by the study of human social cognition, including the significance of the discovery of mirror neurons, empathy, mind-reading and moral cognition. He holds a CNRS position at the Institut Jean Nicod in Paris. He was director of Institut Jean Nicod (2001-2009). He was elected President of the European Society for Philosophy and Psychology (2001-2003).
0.999999	What is a Unicellular Eukaryote? Life on Earth consists of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled micro-organisms with no defined nucleus; their DNA floats in a circle inside them, and they have no organelles. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular. Eukaryotes carry a defined nucleus, which houses DNA and organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and in the case of plants, chloroplasts. Unicellular eukaryotes comprise the majority of species, and have existed on Earth for billions of years. Unicellular eukaryotes are single-celled micro-organisms with a defined nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles. They include phytoplankton, or algae, and zooplankton, or protozoa. Unicellular eukaryotes originated billions of years ago. Eukaryotes likely descended from prokaryotes. Mitochondria may actually be an example of an amalgam of two prokaryotes, one consuming the other. The smaller bacterium could have survived after consumption and produced energy while the larger bacterium provided nutrients, and one theory holds that this symbiotic relationship led to eukaryotes. As for genomics, scientists continue to tease out at what point Superkingdom (or Domain) Eukaryota split off from the others, Bacteria and Archaea, as tiny protists prove to be more diverse than originally thought. Examining the microfossil record indicates that ancient unicellular eukaryotes evolved some time between 2 billion and 3.5 billion years before the present day. Most algae are unicellular plants and are also known as phytoplankton. Phytoplankton, as tiny plants, generate their energy from the sun via photosynthesis. They possess a cell wall. Since they perform photosynthesis, phytoplankton are sensitive to the position of the sun and the length of days, and may bloom or succumb according to seasons. These tiny organisms make up a major part of the food web, particularly in oceans. Even in the Antarctic they thrive and provide food for krill, a keystone species other Antarctic animals rely on to survive. Algae provide approximately 70 percent of all oxygen on Earth. Examples of these plantlike protists include green algae, diatoms, brown algae and slime molds. Protozoa are tiny, unicellular animals, also called zooplankton. Protozoans function as minuscule animals by feeding, expelling waste and reproducing. Their food may consist of other protozoa, phytoplankton or bacteria; they cannot produce their own food like plants. They provide another essential element of the food web, along with phytoplankton. Protozoans can live in many different types of environments, some quite extreme. Numerous examples of protozoa exist. Amoebas use their locomotive extensions called pseudopodia to move around. Foraminiferans, which live on the sea floor, secrete calcium-based shells, which form the basis of sedimentary rock and historically served as indicators of oil sources. Radiolarians secrete radial, silicon-based shells. Flagellates, as their name suggests, bear flagella for motility. Trypanosomes mostly reside as symbiotes inside larger animals, although some are disease vectors, such as in the case of African sleeping sickness. Paramecia possess cilia on their surface and stinging units called trichocysts. Other ciliates include blepharisma, stentor and vorticella. Scientific American: When Did Eukaryotic Cells (Cells With Nuclei and Other Internal Organelles) First Evolve? National Park Service: What Is a Microorganism? What Features Do Mitochondria and Bacteria Share? Do All Cells Have Mitochondria? How Do Mitochondria & Chloroplasts Resemble Bacteria? Dianne, J.. "What is a Unicellular Eukaryote?" Sciencing, https://sciencing.com/unicellular-eukaryote-13012.html. 23 April 2018.
0.999864	Religion undoubtedly plays an important role in various religious and ethnic groups. In some instances, a group's religious beliefs are tied to instances of oppression and even ethnic cleansing. Therefore, it seems only natural that religion is a source of support and pride for individuals whose ethnic groups have survived such global atrocities. In America, this pride is understood and respected. We respect and embrace the religions of threatened groups and provide a society in which members of those groups can thrive. A generation or more after the Holocaust, the Troubles in Ireland, and consistent religious oppression in other countries, there comes a phenomenon: the cultural practitioner. Cultural practitioners are typically not extremely devout or pious regarding their faith. However, due to a cultural affiliation or significance here and in other countries, cultural practitioners retain a pride in their religious beliefs to express a sense of acceptance among their communities. This acceptance of religion also allows the cultural practitioner entry into culturally significant events, celebrations, traditions, and holidays. As a product of a household of Irish heritage and a preparatory school education, I have had the opportunity to witness and endorse this phenomenon on many occasions. Among American descendants of Irish Catholic immigrants, this concept is evident. Due to the historical socio-political struggles ever - present in Ireland, it is acceptable to affiliate one's religious affiliation with one's political beliefs. In America, the same holds true—though generations and thousands of miles away from the complex difficulties, many simply choose to state that they "come from an Irish Catholic family," even if they are not baptised. Likewise, more religiously grounded members of Irish-American society tend to accept this behaviour. American Jews are seeing this experience in their own lives. Many Jewish Americans observe rituals and traditions such as the bar or bat mitzvah, a milestone coming of age ceremony. Whether or not the family (and the child) are religious, most families choose to celebrate this point in a child's life regardless of religious devotion. The controversy over genuine religious devotion for cultural practitioners may seem to be only a religious matter between the cultural practitioner and his or her religion and religious officials. However, there are many special event and scholarship opportunities available to members of various religions. In the past, I have heard Jewish Maccabean Games participants criticized because they "aren't really religious enough" in reference to a cultural practitioner. If a cultural practitioner is made to feel unwelcome in events reserved for members of their religion meeting certain requirements, do they have a specific place? After all, cultural practitioners do participate in cultural and religious events to define and express their identities and heritage.
0.999776	This is a group for any tech professionals or political experts (or ordinary citizens) interested in discussing in a detailed way the potential opportunities for reforming existing democratic institutions; from local organisations to national governments around the world through technology or other practices. Our aim is to improve democracy: we think this can best be done by providing a forum for discussing democracy proposals, ideas, and to foster collaboration between people who would like to participate in democracy reform. Designing Open Democracy will not presume any form of democratic system to be superior, but is a forum for discussion and practical planning on how such system may be implemented. In addition, this meetup will not be exclusive to any political party, but be a forum for members of various parties, groups and individuals to come together to trade ideas related to open democracy and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. This may involve developing criteria and methodologies for evaluating potential implementations (e.g. election softwares or different ways of conducting governance). TL;DR: We are an advocacy group for promoting greater interaction between relevant stakeholders involved in developing a more unified and stronger democracy. The core organising team members is Brian Khuu and Simon Gnieslaw and Nick Merange, you can reach out to us via [email protected]. We also have members from various political parties and companies who we often consult for specific updates about various democracy related projects of interests. As well as to collaborate on how to best assist them in achiving a better democracy. Our online gathering place is in discuss.designingopendemocracy.com, where we can discuss in depth various projects and concepts. For our slack chat channel at opendemocracy.slack.com. For access, just post a request at our Discourse web forum above. As mentioned, it is a technical discussion group, so we expect to have detailed discussions about the technical practicalities of different systems and their merits and limitations. If this sounds like something that’s for you, we look forward to seeing you at one of our meetings! If you have any questions directly related to us that cannot be answered in our web forum then email [email protected]. We are always looking for new venues and interested groups!
0.99531	Detect some specific objects over video. The goal is to traian my own dataset based on real pictures. The results has to be demostrated by comparing mAP and FPS for the validation data set. Hi Thank you for your new opened job. If we work together, I am very happy. Looking to be done. Regards. Hello, I am interested in your job post "Deep Learning by training a data set for real time video inference" Do you have 10 minute for quickly discussion ?
0.999684	From Business: Wonderful Italian food, traditional dishes and house specialties prepared fresh and with attention to detail. I really enjoyed coming here and seeing the different types of food! This is a great place for a picky family when wone person wants a burger and someone want lasagna! Overall best gyros i have ever tasted you can tell they are sanitary! On Saturday evening around 6 pm. I called Pizza Hut to place an order and we were going to go and pick up the pizza. The young girl that answered the phone said that they were not taking any more orders. I asked her should I call back later and she said no because I don't know how long we aren't taking any orders. Very very disappointed.. Excellent food, and good service. A little pricie. They need help in marketing, I didn't know that they delivered. Called was on hold eternally and then they hung up on me jerks!!! Called back girl who answered is rude and put me straight back on hold!!!! this was by far the worst pizza i ever tasted i paid 15.00 dollars for a meal i felt like i was robed,i will never ever eat there again.. I've eaten here so many times. This restaurant is where I go when I want to be satisfied with dinner and dessert. I always start out with a full meat and cheese plate. I choose 5 cheeses and meats from their daily selection. The only meat that is always on the menu is the chorizo and it's tasty! Their cheese and meat plates always come with truffle honey, mini dill pickles, dried fruit (variety), house made fig jam, course ground mustard, crustinis and pickled pearl onions. It's a delicious starter. Another appetizer I love is their Gambas al Ajilla (shrimp, garlic and chili). The shrimps are large in a garlic chili sauce. The sauce is rich and savory, we always ask for more bread to dip in the excess sauce. I've had a lot on their menu: HOUSE-MADE FETTUCCINI V - tomato cream sauce, fresh basilHOUSE-MADE RAVIOLI V herbed ricotta ravioli, eggplant caponata, smoked eggplant puree, ricotta salata, pine nuts-I added scallopsORECCHIETTE-I had it when they had a thai basil sauceSALMON - braised lentils, bacon, pearl onions, parsnip pureeGrilled Hanger steak with truffle friesMonk fish over chorizo kaleHouse Made sweet potato pasta with duck confit and mandarin orangesThey had a pizza one time with lamb sausage and feta cheeseI've enjoyed everything I've ever had here. The Taverna prepares their scallops to perfection. I would highly recommend trying them if you're a scallop lover. I always get their sorbets and/or gelatos for dessert. You can pick three and choose them to your liking. They are all house made. My favorite is their mint chocolate chip. The fresh mint is invigorating, it's fresh and simple on the palate. I've never had mint ice cream with the TRUE flavor of the herb so prominent. I would highly recommend the Taverna!
0.936075	Many people think that the role of government is to protect "the little guy" from corporations. Free-market economists disagree. It is the role of competition to protect the little guy from corporations. The problem is one of information. How do you discern the proper amount of protection? After all, you can completely protect consumers by preventing corporations from selling anything, and workers by preventing corporations from employing anyone. Set the protection level high enough, and that's what you get even if that's not what you meant. Free-market economists believe that government cannot ever set the protection level correctly. The information cannot flow to the government quickly enough to adapt to changing workers, economic conditions, technology, procedures, and the market for safety. People's desire for protection also changes over time and their life circumstances. There is no one correct level &emdash; any one level set by the government will be wrong for some people. Does that leave "the little guy" screwed? No. You see, it is corporations themselves that have the information necessary to set the protection level correctly for their market. They won't volunteer that information. Instead, they will reflect it in their prices. If they are not protecting the consumer, competition will force them to charge lower prices. If they protect the consumer more, competition will allow them to charge higher prices. Does that mean that consumers have to have perfect information in Libertopia? No. Probably only 10% of consumers take the time to compare prices, quality, etc. These people are admired, though, and less diligent consumers listen to them. Over time, their information distributes itself among the less concerned shoppers. If a company is charging too much for too little protection, it will have lowered sales. Free-market economists aren't in favor of less consumer protection. They're in favor of a different kind of consumer protection -- one which they believe generates a greater diversity of results which better matches the needs of individuals.
0.99522	Will it thrive in my heirloom vegetable garden? Many factors come into play to determine whether or not a garden plant will perform well for you. Each kind of garden plant has its own needs and plant requirements. Some plants, like the dandelion, are tolerant of a wide variety of conditions, while others, such as the pink lady slipper orchid, have very exacting requirements. Before you spend the time, effort, and money attempting to grow a new plant in your heirloom garden, it is best to do some research to learn something about the conditions that the heirloom plant needs to grow properly. Light is the energy source for vegetable garden plants. Cloudy, rainy days or the shade cast by nearby plants and structures can significantly reduce the amount of light available. Shade adapted vegetable garden plants cannot tolerate the bright light of full sun. Plants survive only where the amount is within a range they can tolerate. Day length is usually the most critical factor in regulating vegetative growth, flower initiation and development, and the induction of dormancy. Plants utilize day length as a cue to promote their growth in spring and prepare them for the cold weather. Many plants require specific day length conditions to initiate flowers. Heirloom garden plants grow best within an optimum range of temperatures; and the range may be wide for some species, narrow for others. Plants survive only where temperatures allow them to carry on life-sustaining chemical reactions. Heirloom garden plants differ in their ability to survive cold temperatures. Some tropical plants are injured by temperatures below 60°F. Arctic species can tolerate temperatures well below zero. The ability of a plant to withstand cold is a function of the degree of dormancy present in the plant, its water status, and general health. Exposure to wind and bright sunlight or rapidly changing temperatures can also compromise a plant’s cold tolerance. Heat tolerance varies widely from species to species. Many heirloom vegetable garden plants that naturally grow in arid tropical regions are naturally very heat tolerant, while subarctic plants and alpine plants show very little tolerance for heat. High night temperatures are often the most limiting factor for many plants. Different vegetable garden plants have different water needs. Some tolerate drought during the summer but need winter rains. Others need a consistent supply of moisture to grow well. Careful attention to the need for supplemental water can help you select garden plants that need a minimum of irrigation to perform well in your garden. If you have poorly drained, chronically wet soil, you can select lovely vegetable garden plants that naturally grow in bogs, fens, and other wet places. The ability of plant roots to take up certain nutrients depends on the pH, which is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of your soil. Most vegetable garden plants grow best in soils that have a pH near 7.0. Most ericaceous plants such as azaleas and blueberries need acid soils with pH below 6.0 to grow well. Lime can be used to raise pH and materials containing sulfates such as aluminum sulfate and iron sulfate can be used to lower pH. The solubility of many trace elements is controlled by pH, and only the soluble forms of these important micro nutrients can be used by plants. Iron is not very soluble at high pH and iron chlorosis is often present in high-pH soils, even if they contain abundant iron.
0.998021	אסתר אפלטון was 36 years old when Space Race: Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program. The technological superiority required for such dominance was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, uncrewed space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. אסתר אפלטון was 43 years old when Martin Luther King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. Born in Atlanta, King is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire. אסתר אפלטון was 52 years old when Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some US perspectives. The majority of Americans believe the war was unjustified. The war would last roughly 19 years and would also form the Laotian Civil War as well as the Cambodian Civil War, which also saw all three countries become communist states in 1975. אסתר אפלטון was 59 years old when Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington, United States, killing 57 people and causing $3 billion in damage. Mount St. Helens or Louwala-Clough is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon and 96 miles (154 km) south of Seattle, Washington. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who made a survey of the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This volcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.
0.935728	Ready for school but not ready to make the lifestyle change? Consider Online Education. 1. Attend courses anytime, from anywhere. Maintain your job, your family and your current schedule by logging on to study whenever and wherever’s convenient. 2. Study at your own pace. Since course material is always accessible online, get a head-start on lectures or reread the difficult ones. 3. Participate openly and freely. Online chats are an anonymous environment perfect for sharing ideas and giving voice to all students, regardless of personality, age, gender, or race. This creates for a much less intimidating learning space. 4. Benefit from instructors with diverse backgrounds. Students are exposed to instructors with varied work histories and on-the-job knowledge which are valuable additions to any education. 5. Technology is vital to online learning and, as such, students need to master the internet to communicate research and participate in class. Since internet technology is an important element of business today, online learners will be well equipped for the work-world. 6. More and more schools are offering online education so students can take advantage of a wide variety of programs from schools all over the world. This opens many opportunities for students to study material that may not be available at nearby schools and broadens career horizons for graduates. It's easy to see why more and more people are opting for online education. Students benefit from flexibility, accessibility, variety and quality of education. If you’re considering taking a course, why not look into options online?
0.999529	This is a pretty little hike that starts from the parking lot / rest area at the top of Vail Pass. Departing the parking lot, you have two choices. The first choice (not necessarily the favored) is described in "The New Summit Hiker". This choice has you leave the parking lot along the paved bike path. Follow the bike path, keeping an eye out on the west bound I-70. When you see the large bridge of the Interstate spanning the gulch, it is time to leave the bike path. You can strike the trail, keeping the creek to your left. After crossing the Interstate, no need to follow the "Summit Hiker's" instructions to turn right and climb. The trail is now well established. Just go straight. The 2nd choice has you leave the parking lot parallel to the Interstate, immediately crossing a branch of the 10 mile creek. If the creek is low or dry, this is the preferred choice in my opinion, as choice 1 runs next to the Interstate shoulder for part of its run, and has a fairly significant descent that you have to climb out of. The blue track is the hike up, (where we took choice 1) and the red track is the track down (where we took choice 2). The West Tenmile creek was flowing fairly well and we got our feet wet, but that was at the end of the hike and did not matter. The text in white is the choice 2 path, the bike path is labeled and seen to go off to the right of the picture. Marina is on the far left walking back to the parking lot. This was the high point of our hike. While it was a pass of sorts, in that if we kept going straight we would descend, the actual Ptarmigan pass was off to the left and reached by a road. As we would have hit more snow, and less meadow, we decided to call this the far point of our hike. On the way back down, I did not want to have to go all the way to the bike path and climb again. I hate paying for the same real estate twice. We passed a number of trails off to our left (going down hill) but ignored them. Finally as Marina and I left the trail following more or less a constant contour. We soon struck a trail (that must of left the main trail earlier than we did) with blazes. You can see the blaze on the tree stump on the right. In the center of the picture you can make out the faint trail. The blazes are similar to one one shown above. It was not long before the rest area came into sight. We did get our feet wet crossing the West 10 Mile Creek, but as we were basically done with the hike, we did not care. I suspect by mid-July the creek is low enough for an outbound crossing. Other pictures from the hike can be seen here.
0.994462	"That book made me laugh." Translation:Buku tersebut membuat saya tertawa. If you wanna make this sentence slightly less formal, you can say "Buku itu membuatku tertawa." yeah I was looking for that translation. In the absense of aformentioned reference about this book, a better translation would be: "Buku 'itu' membuat saya tertawa".
0.971316	Which of the following less-than-believable items would you guess are actually true? 1) That Bridget Fonda, Bill Pullman, and the legendary Betty White would sign on for such a project. 2) That a movie based on such a far-fetched concept could make money. Or 3) That a member of the order Crocodilia could be found on any lake within 700 miles north of the Carolinas. The answers are: 1) Yes?Fonda, Pullman, and White (plus Oliver Platt and Brendan Gleeson) played the major roles in the movie. 2) Yes, it earned money—nearly $32 million, enough to spawn Lake Placid 2 in 2007, Lake Placid 3 in 2010, and Lake Placid 4 in 2012. And 3) Yes, members of the order Crocodilia have lived recently in the north woods. All bets are winners! That was two decades before “Lake Placid South” (Lake Placid, Florida) came into existence, so rest assured, the story applied to Lake Placid in the Adirondacks. The tale in the Times began in early 1903 when the Stevens brothers, proprietors of the famed Stevens House, learned the answer to that age-old question, “What do you give someone who has everything?” The obvious answer: a reptile from the tropics, which is what a friend gave them as a gift. A young alligator became the newest addition to the hotel’s amenities (deterrents?), housed temporarily in a hotel bathtub. Around May, when ponds were open and the snow was melting, the brothers made a decidedly non-tropical decision, releasing the gator into Mirror Lake. Frigid nights brought ice to the lake’s shallows, leaving only the slightest hope for the gator’s survival. A few weeks later, on a warm, sunny day, appeared the oddest of sights at Mirror Lake—an alligator catching some rays on the beach. Because of its size, it was no threat to humans, and the Stevens had a new attraction for patrons and curious northerners who, in the summer of ?03, hoped to glimpse the elusive newcomer. Though the whole story seems like a once-in-a-lifetime tale, especially for those of us familiar with Adirondack wildlife, the Mirror Lake gator was not as unusual as you’d think. Similar incidents have occurred from Malone to Keeseville, and Ausable Forks to Ticonderoga. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, it became fashionable to have exotic pets, and many small alligators were among those carried home from Florida to the Adirondacks. Most of them were less than two feet long. Some escaped from their owners, while others were released into the wild. It’s unclear what became of the survivors, like the Mirror Lake alligator or the many pets kept by private individuals. Or the one at the Lake Placid Club in 1933. That’s another tale that defies belief. George Martin, the swimming instructor at the club, captured (with help) a seven-foot alligator from southern Georgia’s Okefenokee Swamp. They wrapped the reptile’s huge jaws in wire and prepared to take him north. How do you transport a 7-foot alligator 1,000 miles? By George’s reckoning, you crate it, lay the crate on the car’s running board (most cars had them back then), lash the gator’s tail to the car’s rear fender, and hit the road. Though the wires around his jaws were snipped, the animal refused to eat, but they did make frequent stops at gas stations to water him down. He was christened “Mike,” and the club made plans for a facility where the animal could spend the winter. In the meantime, he was kept among Jacques Suzanne’s menagerie about a mile south of the village. On a few occasions in the North Country, folks have unexpectedly stumbled upon alligators, and it’s hard to imagine the shock of the moment. Unfortunately, the reaction was uniform: kill it. A young boy from Malone, startled with his find (an 18-inch gator), dispatched it with a rock. Another alligator’s death begs the question “Why?” The story was reported in the Wells area in late October 1957. Two bow hunters were hoping to bag a buck, but they spied an alligator treading water near a beaver dam. One of the men put an arrow into the gator just behind the head, killing it. It was assumed to have been a released pet doing pretty well on its own. No one knew how long it had been there, or if it had denned and somehow survived the previous winter. Back in 1924, a young gator in Keeseville survived as a pet for three years until a couple of barn cats settled a longstanding feud, dragging it from its tank, killing it after an intense battle, and partially devouring the carcass before the owners drove them off. But not all the alligators in the Adirondacks met tragic ends. Some were part of a traveling show associated with the Seminole Indians of Florida. Virtually every Florida carnival and sideshow featured alligator wrestlers, and among the best was George Storm. In the 1950s, a complete Seminole village was set up at Michael Covert’s hotel in Wilmington, and part of the daily show that summer was Storm performing his specialty. Considering the unknown fate of Lake Placid’s alligators, their known proclivity for longevity, and the movies by the same name, it might be a good idea during the Ironman Triathlon to count swimmers going into Mirror Lake as well as those coming out. Just in case. Photos: Poster from the first Lake Placid movie- the Stevens House as it looked when it hosted the alligator.
0.714423	Find rugby fields and rugby clubs at nearby parks, stadiums, and sports centers. If you want to find a game of rugby, search for rugby fields and stadiums in your area. Most any field will do as long as you mark the field lines and it's a safe surface to play on. Use the field for workouts and Rugby drills also. Rugby clubs don't always have places to meet, so many are organized through gyms and community centers. To get ready for you first rugby game, go to your local gym for some cross-training. Sporting goods stores will carry rugby jerseys, shorts, mouth guards and other equipment. If you belong to a team, Specialty shops will also customize jerseys for your games. To the untrained eye, rugby is a combination of soccer and football. But in truth, rugby stands on its own with a unique set of terms and rules. Depending if you are playing by Rugby Union rules or Rugby League rules, there are 13 to 15 players on a team divided between forwards and backs. A rugby game is played with an inflated oval ball and lasts 80 minutes. Rugby starts with a 'scrum', a tightly packed groups of forwards, fighting for possession of the ball. The ball can be kicked forward, or passed laterally and/or backwards. The team who scores the most points in a game or 'match' wins. There are several ways to score a goal. You can either score a 'try', receive a 'conversion' or attempt a 'drop goal'. Interval training mixes intense bursts of exercise with moderate rest and recovery time. Interval training is great for anaerobic sports like rugby that require the athlete to perform short spurts of high intensity movement. Often, interval training involves plyometrics (jumping exercise), sprinting, such as 400 x 4 or 800 x 2, or sprinting up hills. Rugby is a high-impact sport that requires extreme agility along with intense strength and speed output. Though it is difficult to prevent contact injuries such as concussions, broken bones and fractures, rugby players can focus on training that defensively combats injuries related to individual muscle groups. To avoid back injuries, players should strengthen their core muscles for stability. Hamstring tears can be prevented with appropriate warm-up and cool-down stretching. Shoulder injuries, also very common among rugby players, can be analyzed by muscle group or by movement variables which focus on the different direction of push, pull and axis turns wherein the injury occurs. There are many useful websites with injury prevention and rehabilitation information for rugby players. For more information, go to SportsInjuryBulletin.com and look up 'rugby injuries'. Rugby jerseys look nothing like the rugby shirts popularized by fans and the designers at Ralph Lauren. Team rugby jerseys are made of high-tech materials that help with ventilation, heat build-up and muscle fatigue. Besides a rugby jersey and shorts, you'll also need boots. You'll need different gear depending on what position you play. Additional equipment includes helmets, gloves, mouth guards and sometimes padding. It is still not quite acceptable to wear padding, but as injuries keep teams from succeeding, rules change and more players are adding some cushion to their uniforms. Be sure to check with your coach before purchasing any gear.
0.998097	I am assuming that you are talking about the Check 21 Act. Could you send the citation to the article? Check 21 is interesting because, while it does not make it mandatory, it is designed to encourage banks to go to electronic transactions and away from paper. It has interesting implications for more than just banks, however. For example, it allows companies like AT&T to use electronic funds transfers rather than actually submitting a customer's check sent to pay a bill. It will also necessitate changes in personal recordkeeping for many people. > do this by imaging the check and disposing of the original (cool so far). > winter would not come up with a more backward way of addressing this issue. > Tell me it ain't so.
0.989736	The Peregrine Falcon has a body length of 34 to 58 centimetres (13–23 in) and a wingspan from 74 to 120 centimetres (29–47 in). The male and female have similar markings and plumage, but as in many birds of prey the Peregrine Falcon displays marked reverse sexual dimorphism in size, with the female measuring up to 30% larger than the male. Males weigh 424 to 750 grams (0.93–1.7 lb) and the noticeably larger females weigh 910 to 1,500 grams (2.0–3.3 lb). The standard linear measurements of Peregrines are: the wing chord measures 26.5–39 cm (10.4–15 in), the tail measures 13–19 cm (5.1–7.5 in) and the tarsus measures 4.5 to 5.6 cm (1.8 to 2.2 in). The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known as the Peregrine, and historically as the Duck Hawk in North America, is a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey back, barred white underparts, and a black head and “moustache”. As is typical of bird-eating raptors, Peregrine Falcons are sexually dimorphic, females being considerably larger than males. The Peregrine is renowned for its speed, reaching over 322 km/h (200 mph) during its characteristic hunting stoop (high speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a National Geographic program, the highest measured speed of a Peregrine Falcon is 389 km/h (242 mph).
0.946354	Around the world, states are using the language of refugee law not to address the suffering of people fleeing war, violence and deprivation, but to find ways to avoid helping them. Who is a refugee? On the surface, it seems that the answer is straightforward: According to the UN's 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is someone who has been forced outside his or her home country by conflict, violence and persecution, and who is unable to return due to the well-founded fear they will be targeted as a result of their ethnicity, beliefs or social identities. Part of the reason the Refugee Convention was drafted was in response to the extreme suffering to which people fleeing violence and persecution are often exposed. In order to protect refugees, the convention sought to establish their rights and to outline the obligations that states have to protect them. But in 2017, while the global legal consensus on the rights of refugees remains intact, the humanitarian spirit that led to the convention appears to be in short supply. Around the world, states are using the language of refugee law not to address the suffering of people fleeing war, violence and deprivation, but to find ways to avoid helping them. By confining their international obligations only to those who fit the narrow definition set out by the UN convention, states can then set out about forcibly preventing the arrival of anyone else seeking refuge. And so we have the spectacle of leading member states of the international community, including traditional champions of international humanitarian law, jumping through rhetorical hoops to close their doors to as many desperate arrivals as possible. By seeking to draw a line between "legitimate" refugees and other migrants, governments in some destination countries also seek minimize their obligations and keep their borders closed. From a humanitarian perspective, this approach is an abrogation of the very purpose of creating international refugee law in the first place: namely, the prevention and alleviation of suffering for some of the world's most vulnerable people. Doctors Without Borders delivers emergency medical care to people who have been forcibly displaced by violence, conflict and persecution in more than 60 countries around the world. We do so not according to legal definitions of who should receive care, but according to the humanitarian needs we witness first-hand. In Mexico, that means we treat victims of abuse, sexual violence and torture at the hands of gangs along the country's underground migration route. Regardless of the circumstances that led these patients to leave their home countries and risk their lives along one of the world's most notorious travel zones -- and our own data indicate that many felt they had no choice if they wanted to escape targeted violence and persecution in places like Guatemala, Honduras or El Salvador -- we see their suffering, and their lack of alternatives for care, as a mandate to provide humanitarian assistance. In Libya, and through our search and rescue operations on the Mediterranean Sea, we treat victims of abuse, violence and neglect who are caught in a grim migratory netherworld run by people smugglers; in Bangladesh, we provide care to vulnerable members of the Rohingya minority trapped in stateless limbo on the border with Myanmar, where many are unable to access basic healthcare. We don't know how many of these patients would be considered "legitimate" refugees, legally deserving of care and protection from members of the international community; we know only what we see when they enter our clinics: the marks of abuse and torture, the indicators of malnutrition, the exposure to disease. We treat them according to their needs, and seek to alleviate their suffering to the degree we possibly can. On June 20, the world marks World Refugee Day, an observance created by the United Nations in 2000, one year before the 50th anniversary of the Convention on the Status of Refugees. It is an occasion intended to draw attention to the collective plight of the world's refugee populations. In 2001, the first year it was formally celebrated, that population was roughly 12 million people; in 2016, the year of the UN's most recent estimate, the official number of refugees worldwide had increased to 22.5 million, and is still growing. That in turn is less than half of the 65 million people currently estimated to be displaced overall, the largest number at any time since the Second World War. World Refugee Day is an important opportunity to focus attention on the challenges faced by people seeking refuge. But it will also be a hollow event, one that fails to honour the humanitarian intentions of the convention it celebrates, if it remains focused only on those who have successfully managed to claim refugee status in host countries, rather than on the larger spectrum of needs experienced by those who have been displaced. If we are truly serious about celebrating the legacy of our efforts to protect refugees and to alleviate their suffering, then we cannot let legal definitions determine the scope of our humanitarian action. The spirit of World Refugee Day is to recognize the challenges faced by some of the world's most vulnerable people. A good place to start would be by being honest about who refugees really are, what their challenges are and what we can do to help them.
0.995786	Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles. Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers. By the late 1960s "classic rock" period, a number of distinct rock music subgenres had emerged, including hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, raga rock, and jazz-rock, many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock, which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic and hippie scene. New genres that emerged included progressive rock, which extended the artistic elements; glam rock, which highlighted showmanship and visual style; and the diverse and enduring subgenre of heavy metal, which emphasized volume, power, and speed. In the second half of the 1970s, punk rock reacted by producing stripped-down, energetic social and political critiques. Punk was an influence in the 1980s on new wave, post-punk and eventually alternative rock. From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Further fusion subgenres have since emerged, including pop punk, electronic rock, rap rock, and rap metal, as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock's history, including the garage rock/post-punk and techno-pop revivals at the beginning of the 2000s.
0.999978	Learn about a corporate legal clerk's job description, salary and training requirements. Get straight talk about the pros and cons of a corporate legal clerk career. Legal clerks, also called paralegals, are essentially assistants to lawyers. The following pros and cons can help you decide if this career is something to pursue. Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, *American Bar Association. Although a law clerk's specific duties may vary depending on the type of law, most perform the same basic administrative, research and clerical functions. As a corporate legal clerk, you'll assist attorneys at independent law firms or attorneys employed by corporations with work related to legal fields such as contracts, intellectual property or business. You may also be required to assist with more general corporate matters, such as securing loans. You could help attorneys draft contracts, create shareholder statements, evaluate stock options and assess employee benefit plans. You'll also need to have an understanding of a corporation's standard operating procedures and the government statutes by which its business is regulated. This knowledge will be critical for several tasks, such as drawing up tax forms, maintaining the company's minutes and preparing Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings. You'll also be expected to utilize several different forms of technology in your administrative and clerical work. You may need to navigate search software to retrieve past cases or regulations, use management software for organizing company records and minutes and operate word processing software for preparing shareholder statements. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projected a 17% increase in paralegal and legal assistant jobs from 2012-2022. This growth is partially due to keeping legal counsel and its staff in-house rather than outsourcing work. Corporations and law firms hire the most workers in this field. According to PayScale.com's 2015 data, the hourly rate for entry-level corporate paralegals ranged from roughly $15.00-$32.00. The rate for an experienced corporate paralegal ranged from $20-$34. Corporate legal clerks with more than 20 years of experience could command $20-$48 an hour. Although many corporate legal clerks work for independent law firms and in-house corporate legal departments, you aren't necessarily limited to this path. Some jobs in the paralegal field are held in other professional environments, such as law libraries, legal publications, lobbying firms and various government agencies. These institutions have the same need as companies and law firms for the analytical, research, reading and writing skills that legal clerks are ideally suited to provide. Corporate law clerks may also enhance their career prospects by acquiring specialized expertise. You may gain exposure to several aspects of legal practice, such as conflict resolution and salary negotiations, that may lend themselves to specialization. A few specialty areas that may be particularly appealing to corporate law clerks include alternative dispute resolution, professional management and practice group leadership. Although there's no standard educational requirement to become a corporate legal clerk, the BLS states that most clerks have completed a formal degree program. Options include an associate's degree paralegal program, a bachelor's degree program in any field, a paralegal certificate program or a combination of these choices. Some employers may even require applicants to either have a law degree or be enrolled in law school. An insurance company advertised for a legal clerk to work in its Omaha offices assisting attorneys in preparing depositions, writing briefs, drafting memos and conducting legal research. The successful candidate was required to have completed at least one year of law school. A San Francisco law firm advertised for a legal clerk to assist in its general counsel offices. The successful candidate would hold a bachelor's degree or its equivalent in addition to having at least two years of experience in legal conflicts. Knowledge of Microsoft Office and database programs was required. A telecommunications company in Colorado looked for a legal clerk in his or her second year of law school. The position required the clerk to conduct legal research, coordinate projects and manage databases. As the competition for corporate legal clerks heightens, those individuals with the most education and specialized expertise may have the advantage. Moreover, with legal clerks replacing lawyers in many respects, employers are beginning to expect aspiring clerks to have more than associate's degrees and certificates. Applicants with at least bachelor's degrees and certifications will have the edge over those with less training and credentials. The BLS noted that certification, while voluntary, can help an individual secure a paralegal job. There are numerous paths to certification available to corporate legal clerks. Professional associations such as the National Association of Legal Assistants, the American Alliance of Paralegals, Inc. and the National Federation of Paralegal Associations offer various designations to individuals with the appropriate levels of education and experience. Once certified, professionals will be required to pass recertifying exams and/or complete a requisite number of continuing education hours. If you're attracted to the analytical excitement of corporate clerking, but want something more physically exciting and perhaps with a more frequent change of scenery during the day, you may want to consider a career as an insurance claims adjuster. Claims adjusters are responsible for processing insurance claims filed after accidents and disasters. They're required to investigate the merits of the claim, consult police and medical records and interview experts who can offer more insightful evaluations of the claim. In addition to this detective work, you may also need to handle the documentation required to process the claim, a task that mandates skills similar to those of law clerks. While the job growth for this career was expected to rise only three percent, the 2011 median salary was $59,000 according to the BLS. You may also consider a career as an occupational health and safety technician if you're interested in investigating issues and compiling data. Technicians work to protect the people, property and the environment from harms related to the workplace. They assemble and analyze information, create safety programs and conduct measurements for potentially hazardous levels of noise and radiation pollution. Training for this career differs from that of a legal clerk because it can be on-the-job or through postsecondary education. A 13% rise in employment was estimated by the BLS between 2010 and 2020 and the median income was $46,000 annually as of 2011.
0.911442	How to open a renault clio without a key? Common Renault fault. Depending on the model, look from inside the car for a small black catch at the top of the lock, and push it up with a screwdriver or similar.
0.998228	Can the Kinect be used to create an immersive experience? Many consumers see the Kinect as still in its infancy, and not yet able to offer a truly immersive experience. However, current trends in technology suggest that devices are moving away from physical peripherals, such as a keyboard and mouse, and towards a Natural User Interface (NUI). This project is an exploration of how to utilize the Kinect to create a more sophisticated immersive experience, that can’t be replicated with traditional peripherals. The development for the interactive experiment has included, character modeling and texturing, motion capture animation, scripting, and visual programming. Through the use of the Kinect’s ability to track a user’s head location, and using that information to modify an in-game camera in real time, I have been able to create a sense of parallax with a projected virtual environment. Combining this with an engaging character that challenges the user to reflect on their relationship with media and cues the user to perform specific physical actions which it responds to, the user will be engaged. By placing this character within an optical illusion known as Pepper’s Ghost, where an image projected onto glass appears to float in midair, I have discovered a means of utilizing the Kinect to create an immersive experience. The paper can be viewed in it’s entirety HERE.
0.938564	If dairy is an inflammation food, why is it in recipes in 12 Steps? If it’s alright to use occasionally what is the rule of thumb with how often you eat dairy products before it is bad? We have very few recipes in 12 Steps that use dairy, VERY few. And the recipes that might suggest feta or parmesan are optional ingredients. Now, FERMENTED dairy products break down those problematic proteins, and so for most of us, it's worth a try, and potentially part of your strategy to have a healthy gut. Fermented dairy products are the one dairy category I would routinely feel comfortable recommending (but use no-RBSt hormone milk, better yet if you can find RAW milk). If you’re avoiding Daily altogether, you’re in luck: Step 8 has many, many cultured-food habits that don’t involve any animal’s milk.
0.941996	The Mona Lisa is a portrait of a woman by Leonardo da Vinci. It has been called "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world" and it is currently exhibited at the Musee de Louvre, in Paris, France. In the painting, the woman sits markedly upright with her arms folded, in a pose reminiscent of the images of seated Madonna, which were widespread at the time. Only the sitter's gaze is fixed on the observer and her enigmatic expression has been the subject of study, discussion, and appreciation. Painted between 1503 and 1506, the traditional opinion is that the painting is a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo, a member of a well-known family from Florence and Tuscany, and wife of silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo. It has been speculated to have been commissioned for their new home and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea. The painting itself is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel, and while 'finished' sometime around 1506, some scholars believe that Leonardo may have continued to work on the painting until as late as 1517. After Leonardo's death, the Mona Lisa, like his other paintings was inherited by his assistant Salaì. At this time, King Francis I of France, purchased the painting, and kept it at the Palace of Fontainebleau, until Louis XIV moved it to the Palace of Versailles. After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre, but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon in the Tuileries Palace. It is now the property of the French Republic. The popularity of the painting due to the subject's expression may only be eclipsed by its theft in 1911, with famous poet Guillaume Apollinaire and Pablo Picasso among the initial shortlist of suspects. Two years later, the culprit was discovered attempting to sell it to the directors of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and was caught. Unlike the famous suspects, the real burglar, Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia, was an Italian patriot who believed Leonardo's painting should be returned to Italy. After the return of the painting, Peruggia was hailed for his patriotism in Italy and served only six months in jail for the crime. Before its theft, the Mona Lisa was not widely known outside the art world. The Mona Lisa has survived for more than 500 years, and over 6 million people view the painting at the Louvre each year.
0.999967	Adrian Borland (6 December 1957 – 26 April 1999) was an English singer, songwriter, guitarist and record producer, best known as the lead singer of post-punk band The Sound (1979–87). Following a substantial solo career spanning five albums, he succumbed to the symptoms of schizoaffective disorder and committed suicide in April 1999. Adrian Kelvin Borland was born in England in 1957, the son of Bob Borland, a physicist at the National Physical Laboratory, and his wife Win, an English teacher. At primary school the young Adrian Borland was already friends with future Sound bassist (and Second Layer collaborator) Graham "Green" Bailey, and would meet Steve Budd, closely involved with his band The Sound in their early years, in his early teens. Budd would later recall, "We met when we were both 14. He was the only other kid I knew with an electric guitar. Even at 14 you could see he was a genius". Borland played guitar left-handed. Borland's first band, the Wimbledon-based punk rock trio The Outsiders, was formed with Borland at its nucleus, manning vocals and guitar. Bob Lawrence was on bass, and Adrian 'Jan' Janes manned the drums. Their debut LP, Calling on Youth, was self-released on their Raw Edge label, and became the first UK self-released punk album. and won them their first unfavourable reviews: "apple-cheeked Ade has a complexion that would turn a Devon milkmaid green with envy", reported the NME. Cinematic is the fourth studio album by Australian rapper Illy, first released in November 2013 through ONETWO records. Cinematic was a critical and commercial success upon release, garnering positive reviews from most critics and debuting and peaking at number-four on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart, thus becoming Illy's first top five album and his highest charting studio release to date. The album was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments exceeding 35,000 copies. In October 2014, Cinematic received an ARIA Award nomination in the "Best Urban Album" category. However, it lost to the Hilltop Hoods' Walking Under Stars. How did Replicas end up in theaters instead of on VOD?
0.960807	Fixed Point of Circles Orthogonal to the Given One: What is this about? Given a circle C with center O and a line m, not intersecting C. There exists a point Q such that, for every P on m, PQ equals the length of the tangent from P to C. In other words, a circle centered at P with the radius equal to the length of the tangent from P to C passes through a fixed point Q. Q is a point of concurrency of all circles orthogonal to C and center on m! The proof requires a few applications of the Pythagorean proposition. (1) r2 + PT2 = OM2 + MP2. (2) OM2 + MP2 = r2 + PQ2. Now a comparison of (1) and (2) yields PT2 = PQ2. Hence, PT = PQ. It is surprising how the same fact acquires an aura of familiarity if looked at from a different angle. In a discussion that involves orthogonality of circles, one thing that most certainly comes to mind is the coaxal circles theorem: circles in an Apollonian family are all orthogonal to circles through two fixed points (and vice versa.) The circles in the latter family have their centers on a fixed straight line - the radical axis of any two circles from the Apollonian family. Thus it is obvious that, along with Q, there is a second point common to all circles with the center on m orthogonal to C. This point is the reflection of Q in m. Let Q be the intersection of any pair of circles orthogonal to both C and m. Invert with respect to Q. Then these two circles invert to a pair of intersecting lines. Call the point of intersection R. The inverse of C is a circle perpendicular to both of the lines, and so with centre on both lines. That is, it is a circle centred at R. Similarly the inverse of m is a circle centred at R. Then any circle perpendicular to both m and C must invert to a circle or line perpendicular to each of the two concentric circles, that is, to a line through their common centre at R. So any circle orthogonal to both C and m must pass through both Q and R', the inverse of R. This proof shows that there are 2 such fixed points. Note that I have nowhere used the fact that m is a straight line, so that the proof holds for a general pair of nonintersecting circles. R. Honsberger, The Butterfly Problem and Other Delicacies from the Noble Art of Euclidean Geometry II, TYCMJ, 14 (1983), pp. 154-158.
0.93975	Anglicans, Methodists, Presbyterians and Catholics were the main denominations of the time, and prior to the 1850s they cooperated, and even assisted with building each others' churches. There was little distinction between the protestant churches during this period. Arthur Wakefield led Sunday services in Nelson and then turned this duty over to Reverend Charles Saxton, who led the Anglican congregation until the arrival of Bishop Selwyn on the 20th of August 1842. The first Anglican chapel was built at Waimea West in 1843, although the foundation stone of the first Cathedral was not laid until 1850. Two wooden buildings on Church Hill had been purchased by Selwyn from Wakefield and were converted into a school and church. In 1848 a further acre was purchased on the Church Hill site and the building of a new church began. It was dedicated by Bishop Selwyn on the 14th of December 1851. Its rapidly expanding congregation saw it enlarged in 1859 and again in 1866. The cathedral on Church Hill today was not finished until 1972, although the first design was submitted in 1925 after an earthquake damaged the existing building. Nelson's Catholic Community originated from the Society of Mary (Marists), who were appointed by the Pope to work in New Zealand as part of a new Pacific Mission. A dispute with Pompallier resulted in the Marists becoming head of the Wellington Diocese, which included Nelson, and Pompallier given control of the Auckland Diocese. Father Antoine Garin was sent to Nelson. Previously, Henry and Mary Redwood had been important in the establishment of the Catholic Church in Nelson. Among others, they gathered in Waimea West and recited the Mass prayers. The first Mass was said at the Redwoods' on the 5th of May 1844, although Father O'Reily could only visit from Wellington once a year. A meeting was held on the 11th of March 1845 to discuss the building of a chapel in Shelbourne Street; this was opened Easter Sunday 1847. When Father Garin arrived on the 9th of May 1850, the chapel in Shelbourne Street was rebuilt, and the first St. Mary's was built on land purchased in Manuka Street in 1856. After it was deemed too small and a fire accelerated plans for a new church, the second St. Mary's was built, and opened on the 3rd of December 1882. The early quaker meeting housePurchased in 1853. Presbyterians and Quakers were two other denominations which established a congregation early in Nelson's settlement. Presbyterian settlers told Rev. John McFarland about their need for a resident clergyman when he came to baptise children and hold services in 1842. The Rev. Dickson Nicholson arrived in 1848 and the foundation stone of Trinity Church was laid in 1849. The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) congregation was established in Nelson by Martha and Samuel Strong, who arrived in December 1842. John Cotterell selected Town Acre 667 from the New Zealand Company in 1842, to become the meeting house for local Quakers. Nelson's view on religion has changed significantly over time; the Church of England is now seen as one of many denominations. "The church is not assumed to be as central as it was in the past, and attending church is less automatic than it once was."6 Religion in Nelson is now based more on individual beliefs and as a developed country has far less reliance on its links to England and Europe as a whole. Despite this, churches in early Nelson were to serve the people who lived there, and this is still the same today. The Nelson Baptist Church was the first Baptist Church formed in New Zealand. It was founded in 1851. The Reverend Decimus Dolamore was the first minister arriving on March 15th, 1851. The first Church building opened in december, 1854. Ed. Want to find out more about the Nelson’s Early Churches ? View Further Sources here. The "Rev Charles Saxon" mentioned here was in fact the Rev. Charles Waring Saxton, who came to Nelson on the 'Clifford" in May 1842 with a family party including his brother John Waring Saxton, the prominent Stoke settler for whom Saxton Road and Saxton Field are named. The Rev. Saxton was the first recorded Anglican clergyman to officate in Nelson, holding services and performing marriages during 1842 and 1843. He only remained in Nelson for about 18 months - after his wife Mary died, he returned to England. Somewhere along the line his name has become written as "Saxon" and this error has unfortunately been perpetuated in Motueka. The Rev Charles Saxton being an close associate of Motueka pioneer, Captain Edward Fearon, a street off Motueka's Fearon Street was named for him, becoming known as, yes, Saxon Street. Catholics commemorate 100 years. (5/10/1999). Nelson's Century Souvenir Issue (Nelson Evening Mail). Gothic Cathedral too costly. (5/10/1999). Nelson's Century Souvenir Issue (Nelson Evening Mail). Synod reports. (1988,2008,2009) Nelson, NZ, Nelson Cathedral.
0.999975	Tax Refund Options: Which Will You Choose? The process of filing income taxes can be stressful and tedious for many Americans, but a large number look forward to receiving a large tax refund from Uncle Sam when it's all said and done. The quickness in which taxpayers receive their refunds depends on a several factors, ranging from how they filed their taxes to whether any processing delays or mistakes occurred. For example, those who submit their tax forms electronically are likely to obtain their refunds more quickly than paper filers. In addition to knowing which factors will affect when they obtain money from the IRS, individuals may also be curious as to their different refund options. Gone are the days when taxpayers only had the choice of receiving a refund check from the government. Now, there are several ways Americans can obtain what they're owed. The first option is a standard check. Those who file paper returns may request that their refund be sent in the mail via check. However, this process can take longer and it make take roughly six weeks after their tax returns are processed for filers to obtain their refunds. Electronic filers may also request that their refunds be sent via check, and they typically wait up to three weeks. Though this process takes longer, there are some benefits to requesting a paper check. Unlike refunds that are directly deposited into wrong accounts due to incorrect routing and account numbers, paper checks that are lost in the mail are granted better protection. Another more popular option is to have a refund directly deposited into taxpayers' accounts. Individuals may also choose to have their refund deposited into multiple bank accounts. The IRS will allow refunds to be deposited in up to three accounts, such as checking, savings and retirement funds. Taxpayers can fill out Form 8888 to specify the accounts in which their money is to be deposited, and the process is much more expedient than obtaining a paper check. However, it's important that taxpayers ensure they fill out account information correctly. Failing to do so may result in them losing their refunds altogether. Individuals may also use all or a portion of their refunds to purchase U.S. Series I Savings Bonds. These investments can be purchased in multiples of $50, and individuals may purchase up to $5,000 in paper bonds in a given calendar year. Further, individuals have the option of purchasing these bonds as gifts for others, including spouses, children and grandchildren. For more information about the rules relating to bonds, individuals should consult their tax preparer when filing their returns.
0.999915	Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a highly heritable condition and the most common form of hair loss in humans. Susceptibility loci have been described on the X chromosome and chromosome 20, but these loci explain a minority of its heritable variance. We conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies for early-onset AGA in 12,806 individuals of European ancestry. While replicating the two AGA loci on the X chromosome and chromosome 20, six novel susceptibility loci reached genome-wide significance (p = 2.62×10−9–1.01×10−12). Unexpectedly, we identified a risk allele at 17q21.31 that was recently associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) at a genome-wide significant level. We then tested the association between early-onset AGA and the risk of PD in a cross-sectional analysis of 568 PD cases and 7,664 controls. Early-onset AGA cases had significantly increased odds of subsequent PD (OR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.55, p = 8.9×10−3). Further, the AGA susceptibility alleles at the 17q21.31 locus are on the H1 haplotype, which is under negative selection in Europeans and has been linked to decreased fertility. Combining the risk alleles of six novel and two established susceptibility loci, we created a genotype risk score and tested its association with AGA in an additional sample. Individuals in the highest risk quartile of a genotype score had an approximately six-fold increased risk of early-onset AGA [odds ratio (OR) = 5.78, p = 1.4×10−88]. Our results highlight unexpected associations between early-onset AGA, Parkinson's disease, and decreased fertility, providing important insights into the pathophysiology of these conditions. A main advantage of genome-wide association (GWA) studies is that their hypothesis-free scan of the genome for genes associated with common disease enables identification of novel associations between different diseases and pathways. For example, a pioneering GWA study demonstrated that susceptibility alleles for age-related macular degeneration were found in the complement pathway , giving rise to novel insights into the etiology and treatment of this condition . Through previous GWA studies, we have identified genetic determinants of androgenetic alopecia (AGA, male-pattern baldness) that highlight the importance of the androgen pathway in this condition , . However, these studies did not identify readily apparent novel pathways that link AGA to other conditions. AGA is the most common form of hair loss in humans, affecting 80% of men by age 80 . Its etiologic factors are androgen dependency and genetic predisposition . While largely a cosmetic condition, the mechanisms influencing its etiology may also impact upon important medical conditions such as coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome, and prostate cancer , . Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and ranks second as a cancer killer among men in the United States . Androgens play a key role in stimulation of normal prostate growth and are essential in prostate cancer initiation and progression . The main genetic determinant of AGA is the androgen receptor (AR) , and prostate cancer susceptibility loci identified through recent GWA studies overlap with androgen receptor binding sites , demonstrating a shared etiologic factor in these two conditions. However, while evidence suggests that AGA and prostate cancer are strongly influenced by androgen sensitivity , , attempts to examine the relationship between AGA and prostate cancer through case-control studies have yielded inconsistent results –. Since previous GWA studies for AGA explained only 13.7% of the variance in this condition we aimed to identify novel determinants of AGA and test their association with common diseases, by undertaking a large-scale meta-analysis of GWA studies involving 12,806 Europeans from seven cohorts included in the Meta-Analysis for Androgenetic Alopecia Novel Determinants (MAAN) consortium. The current analysis comprised 3,891 cases and 8,915 controls of European ancestry from seven independent studies: Bonn, CoLaus, TwinsUK, Nijmegen Biomedical, 23andMe, Icelandic, and an Australian population based twin study (Table 1). Briefly, we used an extreme discordant case-control design to contrast individuals with early-onset AGA to older individuals without alopecia as assessed by questionnaire, clinical visit or photographs evaluated by a dermatologist, where available. Genome-wide genotyping, using standard platforms, and imputation using the CEU panel of Phase II HapMap were performed. After the quality control criteria were applied, 2,391,230 SNPs remained for genotype-phenotype association analysis. Tab. 1. Demographic properties of the study subjects in participant studies. The sample size of the current meta-analysis (n = 12,806) was more than fourfold that of the earlier GWA studies of AGA , . The genomic inflation factors of the individual studies (Table S1) and overall meta-analysis (λgc = 1.02) were low, indicating that the observed GWA results were not due to population stratification. The fixed-effect meta-analytic data from all seven cohorts demonstrated a substantial excess of significant associations with AGA at the tail of the QQ plot (Figure S1). We identified a total of 645 SNPs that achieved genome-wide significance (p<5×10−8, Table 2, Table S2). The fixed-effect meta-analytic results showed no evidence of substantial heterogeneity across populations (Tables S1 and S2). Tab. 2. Summary result for the lead SNP from the genome-wide significant loci. Abbreviations: Chr., chromosome; EA, effect allele; NEA, non-effect allele; EAF, effect allele frequency; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Consistent with our previous reports , , a susceptibility locus for AGA on chromosome 20p11 was confirmed over a ∼253 kb interval with the strongest signal arising at rs6047844 (p = 1.71×10−39, odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49–1.72) (Figure 1). We also showed confirmed association with AGA at AR gene by highly significant signal spanning the gene region (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 2.04–2.37, p = 2.40×10−91 for risk allele T of top SNP rs2497938). Even after removing SNPs in these two established AGA loci, the QQ-plot demonstrated an excess of SNPs associated with AGA (Figure S2). Fig. 1. Genome-wide meta-analysis results for AGA in MAAN. (A) Manhattan plot showing the −log10 p value of SNPs against their chromosomal positions. The genome-wide significant SNPs are green (p value<5×10−8). The points with p value <1×10−40 were truncated; the smallest p value was 2.4×10−91 at AR gene. (B–I) Regional association plots for eight loci associated with AGA. In each panel, the lead SNP is denoted in purple with its rs ID and association p value. The color of other SNPs indicates the LD with the lead SNP as red (0.8≤r2≤1), orange (0.6≤r2<0.8), green (0.4≤r2<0.6), light blue (0.2≤r2<0.4), and dark blue (r2<0.2). Estimated recombination rates are in light blue. FOXA2 (forkhead box A2) is worth noting among the flanking genes at the chromosome 20 locus. Foxa2, the transcription factor encoded by FOXA2 in mouse, interacts with AR, especially through DNA binding domain, to regulate gene expression . It is expressed in prostate tissue and plays a pivotal role in neuroendocrine prostate tumors, a form of metastatic prostate tumors, by inducing development from androgen-dependent tumors to androgen-independent tumors –. Its expression was associated with the invasive phenotype in the primary prostate cancer . Furthermore, the association of metastatic prostate cancer and AGA through AR polymorphisms was previously described in a well-defined case-control study . Multiple SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) (r2>0·6) revealed a newly discovered association interval encompassing several genes on chromosome 17q21.31. The most significant signal of this region was detected for the synonymous (His649His) SNP rs12373124 (P = 5.07×10−10, OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.21–1.45 for risk allele T) at the gene IMP5 (intramembrane protease 5). However, as the genome-wide significant SNPs are highly-correlated with each other in this region, the most proximal gene is not necessarily the gene functionally affected by causal SNPs. The MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) gene, which encodes the tau protein, is of particular interest in this region because its expression was detected in hair follicles (p = 9.22×10−3) but not in the other tissues examined in our tissue expression analysis (Table S3). The SNP with the smallest p value, apart from the AGA locus on chromosome 20, (rs9287638 [A]: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.21–1.41, P = 1.01×10−12), is located on chromosome 2q37, with seven other genome-wide significant SNPs in the same region. These SNPs lie 558 kb downstream of HDAC4 (histone deacetylase 4). The next locus mapped within HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (rs2073963 [G]: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.20–1.38, P = 1.08×10−12). Our expression analysis revealed that HDAC9 and HDAC4 were well expressed in hair follicles (p = 6.59×10−3 and 2.64×10−3 respectively), and HDAC9 was not expressed in skin or scalp tissues (Table S3). Thus, two independent signals arose from HDACs (HDAC4 and HDAC9) which act as transcriptional corepressors by deacetylating nucleosomal histones . By interaction with transcription factors ARR19 and CRIF1, HDAC4 plays a critical role in inhibition of AR transactivation , and its accumulation coincides with loss of androgen sensitivity in prostate cancer . Furthermore, HDAC9 and HDAC4 share conserved residues and their tissue specific expression pattern overlaps . Very recently, ZNF652 which has been shown to be involved in transcriptional repression effect of HDACs was identified to be a prostate cancer susceptibility locus . All together, our findings give rise to the possibility that HDAC4 and HDAC9 might influence pathogenesis of AGA through dysregulation of the androgen pathway, highlighting a shared etiologic factor in this condition and prostate cancer. The AUTS2 (autism susceptibility candidate 2) gene was also identified (lead SNP rs6945541[C]: OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.18–1.38, p = 1.71×10−9) at the chromosome 7q11.22 locus. The mechanism underlying the association between the AUTS2 locus and AGA is currently unknown, but its expression profile reveals abundance of transcript in hair, skin, and scalp (p = 2.64×10−3, <1.00×10−3, and <1.00×10−3 respectively, Table S3), but not blood. Additionally, variants at AUTS2 were recently associated with the regulation of alcohol consumption through a GWA study . The function of AUTS2 is currently unknown. It was previously associated with autism and mental retardation . How the AUTS2 variants affect AGA outcomes deserves further investigation. Remaining novel findings include one locus on chromosome 1 which is near the genes TARDBP (TAR DNA binding protein), PEX14 (peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14), MASP2 (mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 2), and SRM (spermidine synthase) (lowest p = 9.07×10−11 for SNP rs12565727 [A], OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.22–1.45) and another locus on chromosome 18q21.1, near the 3′ end of SETBP1 (SET binding protein 1), of which the most significant was rs10502861 [C] (P = 2.62×10−9, OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.18–1.39). SETBP1 again demonstrated expression in hair, skin, and scalp (detection p values are 2.64×10−3, <1.00×10−3, and <1.00×10−3 respectively, Table S3), but not blood. Regional association plots for seven loci associated with AGA are shown in Figure 1. Forest plots of the top SNPs are shown in Figure S3. All these loci were associated with AGA in random-effect results except the locus on chromosome 18 (Table S4). While any of the above susceptibility loci may impart a small risk, examining the combined effect of these loci in individuals harboring more than one risk allele may improve the ability to identify individuals at high risk of AGA. Using the top SNPs identified in this study from both the 6 novel loci and the 2 confirmed regions on chromosome 20p11 and AR gene, we constructed a genotype risk score based on the weighted number of susceptibility alleles in an independent replication sample from 23andMe study. As shown in Table 3, there was an increased risk for AGA across each quartile of the genotypic risk score. For the individuals with a genotype score in the highest quartile, we observed substantially increased odds for AGA (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 4.86–6.87, p = 1.4×10−88), compared to individuals at the lowest quartile. Tab. 3. Genotype score associated with the risk of androgenetic alopecia. Reasoning that AR gene is replicated as the most substantial genetic component of AGA, we explored the relationship between AR gene and other AGA susceptibility loci by several complimentary approaches. First, we examined the effect of AR gene on other AGA loci by adding an interaction term in the logistic regression model. We found no evidence for interaction (Table S5), which is consistent with our previous reports , . Second, we sought clues of interaction between AR gene and other AGA loci mediated by AR binding sites since AR functions as a transcription factor. Although a large number of genes were found to be targets of AR, no AR binding sites have been identified in any of the candidate genes at AGA loci , . However, as aforementioned, among these candidate genes, interaction with AR and consequent regulation on an epididymis-specific gene has been shown on FOXA2 (chromosome 20 locus), and the candidate gene at chromosome 2 locus, HDAC4, was reported to act as an inhibitor of AR, especially in prostate cancer cells, suggesting that these two loci may have a role in androgen-dependent pathway. We identified that the 17q21.31 locus overlaps with a widely replicated locus that is strongly associated with Parkinson's disease –. Interestingly, MAPT on this locus contained identical genome-wide significant risk alleles that were shared between AGA (rs2942168 [G], [OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.15–1.36, p = 1.95×10−7]) and Parkinson's disease (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.23–1.39, p = 1.62×10−18) reported in a recently published large GWA study . The lead AGA SNP (rs12373124) at the 17q21.31 locus is in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0·87) with SNPs that have been associated with Parkinson's disease in recent GWA studies , . To explore this unexpected relationship between Parkinson's disease and early-onset AGA we next sought to understand whether AGA itself was a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. From among a superset of the early-onset AGA cases and controls using the same definition for AGA as in the meta-analysis, we identified 568 self-reported physician diagnosed Parkinson's disease cases, and 7,664 population controls . This definition of Parkinson's disease has been used previously to replicate genetic loci for this condition in the 23andMe cohort . We found that AGA cases had significantly higher odds of Parkinson's disease (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06–1.55, p = 8.9×10−3). Restricting the analysis to 714 individuals with current age 70 or higher, the association was stronger (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.31–2.88, p = 6.5×10−4). To investigate whether the shared genetic association at 17q21.31 explained the association between Parkinson's disease and AGA, we evaluated a regression model with an additional term for an individual's genotype at rs12185268, which is the variant in this region most strongly associated with Parkinson's disease in the 23andMe study. The OR for association with early-onset AGA and its significance were essentially unchanged (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.32–2.90, p = 6.0×10−4). In the individuals in the age 70 or higher group, we also tested the association between Parkinson's disease and AGA stratified by rs12185268 genotypes. The AG and GG genotypes are pooled due to the small proportion of GG homozygotes. There is no essential difference between the odds ratios for individuals with rs12185268 AA genotypes (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.16–3.21, p = 8.7×10−3) and AG+GG genotypes (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.09–3.93, p = 2.2×10−2), indicating that rs12185268 does not modify the association between Parkinson's disease and early-onset AGA. We next looked for evidence that any other loci associated with Parkinson's disease were also associated with early-onset AGA, or vice versa. We identified the lead SNPs from 27 loci with p<1.0×10−5 for association with AGA, and 31 loci with p<1.0×10−5 for association with Parkinson's disease. We tested the AGA loci for association with Parkinson's disease, and the Parkinson's disease loci for association with AGA. The 17q21.31 locus was the only locus demonstrating convincing evidence for association across both phenotypes (Tables S6 and S7). Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence of one percent in individuals that are over 60 years old . Despite the often-reported higher prevalence of Parkinson's disease in men, as compared to women , there are no previous reports investigating the relationship between AGA and Parkinson's disease. This novel association between Parkinson's disease and early-onset AGA indicated that there could be a shared genetic or environmental cause for both conditions. Our data specifically identify genetic variation in the 17q21.31 region as shared genetic risk factors for these two conditions. To date, only drug-induced hair loss has been described in patients having Parkinson's disease after use of dopamine agonist , although most of the patients affected by drug-induced hair loss are females . As noted above, a greater incidence of Parkinson's disease has been reported in elderly men than in women and androgen mediated neurotoxicity has been proposed to contribute to the gender bias in Parkinson's disease . Since this association is entirely novel, it is unlikely that our results have arisen due to recall bias. In addition, the AGA cases in 23andMe study had an age of onset less than 40 years old. The mean age at diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is 70.5 years . Therefore it is highly unlikely that Parkinson's disease occurred before AGA, as defined in the 23andMe study. At present we are unaware of any prospective Parkinson's disease cohorts having collected AGA data to further explore this relationship, and our evidence provides rationale to undertake such studies. Furthermore, the 17q21.31 locus harbors an inversion polymorphism that has previously been described to be under negative selection pressure and has been demonstrated to be associated with decreased fertility in women . We found a genome-wide significant SNP for early-onset AGA, whose risk allele (rs1800547 [A], p = 2.85×10−8, OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.16–1.39) represents the H1 haplotype of the 17q21.31 inversion. This H1 haplotype is under negative selection pressure in Europeans and Icelandic female carriers of the H1 lineage have fewer children than non-carriers, while men sharing this haplotype have a trend towards decreased fertility . We note that previous studies have identified an association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility in women , and early-onset AGA in their male relatives , . And increased androgen levels strongly affect both traits. Our findings, therefore, provide rationale to explore the androgen pathway as a possible explanation for the decreased fertility associated with the H1 haplotype in women. Even though the definition of hair loss and the method of sampling differed between the eight study groups, the associations of five genome-wide significant loci were essentially identical in fixed- and random-effects analysis, suggesting that our results are unlikely to be influenced by heterogeneity. We are aware that some other diseases, including progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, frontotemporal dementia and Pick disease are also strongly associated with 17q21.31 region , . However it is difficult to test the association between these diseases and AGA. In this study, we focused on the early-onset AGA. The AGA cases we recruited are young. In addition, due to the low prevalence (between 6.4 and 15 per 100,000 –) of these diseases compared to Parkinson's disease, we do not have samples to test the association. Since 17q21.31 locus has been recognized as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease, it is plausible that an individual's status of Parkinson's disease may have an effect on the association between 17q21.31 locus and early-onset AGA. We undertook an association analysis conditioned on Parkinson's disease in 8,232 individuals for whom both phenotype are available and confirmed that status of Parkinson's disease does not affect the strength of association between AGA and rs12185268, the top variant at 17q21.31 locus in this sample (unconditioned: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70–0.82, p = 7.9×10−13; conditioned: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70–0.82, p = 7.9×10−13). This result was verified within strata of Parkinson's disease: OR is 0.69 in the cases (95% CI = 0.51–0.94, p = 1.8×10−2) and 0.76 for individuals without Parkinson's disease (95% CI = 0.71–0.83, p = 1.1×10−11). Further, the relationship between the 17q21.31 locus and Parkinson's disease was not affected by conditioning on AGA status although the association with rs12185268 was not significant (unconditioned: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.84–1.15, p = 0.86; conditioned: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.86–1.17, p = 0.97). Our data demonstrated several aspects of the relationship between AGA and Parkinson's disease: First, variants at 17q21.31 locus including the MAPT gene are associated with both risk of Parkinson's disease (p = 2.8×10−12) and early onset AGA (p = 9.3×10−8) as shown in Table S6 and S7. Second, early onset AGA (age of onset <40 years), is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (p = 8.9×10−3). Third, controlling for variation at rs12185268, the top SNP at 17q21.31 locus, does not eliminate the relationship between AGA and Parkinson's disease. And fourth, the other genetic determinants of AGA, as described through GWAS, do not influence risk of Parkinson's disease and vice versa. Given that the 17q21.31 locus does not fully explain the association between AGA and Parkinson's disease, and that we do not see more broad overlap between susceptibility loci for AGA and Parkinson's disease, it could be that the association between these phenotypes is mediated by an unobserved, shared environmental or genetic risk factor. The identification of the new associations in this report was driven primarily by augmented power arising from the expanded sample size, which was more than fourfold that of previous GWA analyses , . Similar to previous GWA studies , this increase in power was associated with a decrease in effect sizes from newly identified loci (top ORs range from 1·27 to 1·33 for six new loci versus OR = 1·60 for the lead SNP on chromosome 20). In this regard, it seems likely that more variants with smaller effect sizes could be uncovered by future larger studies to full describe the allelic architecture of early-onset AGA. In conclusion, our findings provide fresh insights into the pathogenesis of early-onset AGA. As these newly identified susceptibility loci are also implicated in Parkinson's disease, prostate cancer and fertility, our results highlight the importance of hypothesis-free genetic studies, which allow unexpected genetic relationships between conditions to uncover shared etiologies. All seven studies were approved by institutional ethics review committees at the relevant organizations, and written informed consent was provided by all participating individuals. All the participants for this genome-wide meta-analysis were drawn from seven studies: Bonn (582 cases and 347 controls), CoLasu (578 cases and 547 controls), TwinsUK cohort (162 cases and 210 controls), Nigmegen Biomedical Study (73 cases and 132 controls), 23andMe (2,167 cases and 1,753 controls), Iceland (191 cases and 198 controls), Australian population based twin study (138 unrelated cases and 5728 unrelated controls). A detailed description of all these studies and phenotype definitions used in current study is provided in Text S1. The genotyping platforms, imputation methods and genome wide association methods used in participant studies are provided in Table S1. Extensive quality control thresholds were applied to include common SNPs (minor allele frequency ≥1%) with a high call rate (≥95%) for genotyped SNPs, and imputed SNPs with high quality metrics (variance ratio ≥0.3 for MACH and proper info statistic ≥0.4 for IMPUTE) , . In addition, SNPs demonstrating deviation from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (p>10−6) were excluded. The test statistics for each cohort at each SNP were corrected for their respective genomic inflation factors to avoid inflation of results due to population stratification. We carried out a meta-analysis under both fixed- and random-effects models using the inverse-variance method to combine results from each study using an additive genetic model, while correcting for the genomic inflation factor for each study and the overall meta-analysis. To implement this strategy GWAMA software was used for SNPs on autosomes . Based on the data available, association results using pre-imputation SNPs from Bonn, CoLaus, TwinsUK cohort, Nigmegen Biomedical Study, 23andMe and Australian population based twin study were used for meta-analysis on X chromosome through YAMAS program (http://yamas.meb.uni-bonn.de/index.html). Proxy association was applied to gain a higher power. We also tested for evidence of heterogeneity of effects between SNPs and AGA across studies using the Cochran's Q statistics and I2 measurement. SNPs with low heterogeneity (Q p value>0·10 and I2<50%) and present in at least three individual studies are reported. In order to test for an inflation of test statistics and the presence of a signal arising from the data for the variants influencing AGA, we constructed quantile-quantile (QQ) plots . Genome-wide significance was set at a p value of 5×10−8 . Genome-wide suggestive SNPs (5×10−8<p<5×10−6, n = 397) that were imputable using the MetaboChip platform were followed-up in an expanded meta-analysis including the THISEAS study (Text S1, 297 controls and 219 cases) and the original seven cohorts. This additional cohort joined the consortium after completion of the main meta-analysis. No additional loci achieved genome-wide significance after inclusion of this cohort. To understand whether the identified SNPs are in close proximity to genes that show differential expression in hair follicles, we performed tissue expression analysis. In brief, total RNA extracted from human hair follicles, skin from temple, scalp, and whole blood were used for array-based gene expression analysis. The differential expression of genes in these tissues was determined by the average signal of identical probes and detection p values (which is significant, if a gene is reliably expressed). Further details are provided in Text S1. In genotype risk score analysis, the association between a genotype risk score based on the weighted number of susceptibility alleles and AGA status was determined. Six novel susceptibility loci, chromosome 20p11 locus and AR gene are included. The weights were established using β coefficients for AGA susceptibility from meta-analysis. The resultant genotypic risk score was divided into quartiles and the risk of AGA for each quartile was tested in an additional set of subjects in 23andMe study, which were not included in the original meta-analysis, using the lowest risk quartile as the reference group. We identified 1582 controls and 1765 cases for this analysis, using the same phenotypic definition used in the meta-analysis. The genotype data is complete without missing values based on phasing and imputation. The trend for risk across the quartiles was tested using the non-parametric trend test . To detect the potential modification effect of AR gene on any other AGA loci, an interaction analysis was deployed using top SNPs identified from meta-analysis. Each SNP was coded by the number of AGA risk-increasing allele. The test of interaction is based on the coefficient b3 of the interaction term in the logistic regression model Y = b0+b1 * A+b2 * B+b3 * AB+e. The Bonferroni correction was applied to address the multiple comparisons problem and the significance level was set to p value<7×10−3. In order to better understand whether the identified risk loci from the meta-analysis were associated with common diseases, we searched the AGA susceptibility loci using the GWAS Integrator embedded in HuGE Navigator website . This online reference tool collects data from all published genetic studies in humans to facilitate the identification of shared etiologic pathways between diseases. Due to the frequent publication of new GWAS, only the GWAS searched out before June 2011 were used. To examine the relationship between Parkinson's disease and AGA, we performed a logistic regression of Parkinson's disease status against AGA status, evaluating significance of the AGA term by analysis of deviance using a likelihood ratio test. To control for confounding factors, we included age, age2, and the top five principal components derived from genotype data as covariates.
0.999593	Can I select what individual items I want to purchase? Yes, feel free to go to each product category and select which items you would like to purchase. You can also call one of our customer service reps (1-508-451-2467) who can assist you with your order or with any questions you may have during regular business hours.
0.953656	16:00 BMA chair Dr Mark Porter has also slammed the Queen's Speech for failing to address NHS struggles. He said: 'There is a crisis unfolding in our NHS and there was simply no acknowledgement of this today. Services are at breaking point, yet the government has chosen to stick its head in the sand, ducking the big issues undermining the delivery of care. 'Doctors prioritise patient safety, but the government’s choice to provide less funding than the health service needs is compromising safe staffing levels. 'Many hospital departments and GP surgeries have numerous unfilled vacancies. Junior doctors try to cope with rota gaps on a daily basis. This creates a vicious circle, adding to existing pressures on doctors, further increasing the risk of burnout and making whole areas of medicine less attractive to doctors in training. A government that is serious about strengthening patient safety would listen, recognise the desperate need to attract more doctors in key areas and act. It must also end the public sector pay cap by which NHS staff pay is cut every year. 'Mental health services too are in desperate need of investment. There are promises of more money but not enough action. Many patients have to travel hundreds of miles for treatment, when they would be better treated nearer home; many do not have any access to outpatient talking treatments for common mental illness such as depression or have to wait a year or more; others have tragically taken their own lives before receiving treatment. The NHS has let these patients down. Until the government guarantees extra funding, the measures outlined in this speech will not have the necessary impact. 12:05 Londonwide LMCs reacted to the Queen's Speech, saying it 'offers nothing new to address the state of emergency caused by workforce shortages, bureaucracy and squeezed funding in general practice, at a time when patients are increasingly facing extended waiting times, rushed GPs and withdrawn services'. 'Nor does it address the crisis in social care funding which has a massive impact on the whole healthcare system and some of the most vulnerable in society,' they added. The LMCs said this comes as 'in London 42% of practices have a GP or practice nurse vacancy, while 45% of practices have a GP who was planning to retire in the next three years', arguing that 'the Government needs to re-visit the “rescue package” for general practice in order to address the challenges we face'. 11:55 The Queen has just delivered her traditional speech to open Parliament following the general election and, as was expected, it was very light on pledges relating to the NHS. As the Independent reports, the only planned health legislation is a Draft Patient Safety Bill which will 'instil greater public confidence in the provision of healthcare services in England'. The Bill will establish a Health Service Safety Investigation Body which will 'conduct independent and impartial investigations into patient safety risks'. Which begs Pulse to question - what is it that the CQC is doing? 09:50 An audit into baby deaths and brain damage during birth has found that three in four instances could have been avoided, reports the Telegraph. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists examined 1,136 deaths, stillbirths and brain injury cases in 2015, finding that if a different action had been taken the baby might have been saved in 76% of those cases. Professor Lesley Regan, RCOG president said: 'It is a profound tragedy whenever a death, disability or illness of a baby results from incidents during labour.
0.920262	For the Russian footballer, see Aleksei Nikolayevich Leonov. Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (Russian: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksʲej ɐˈrxʲipəvʲɪtɕ lʲɪˈonəf]; born 30 May 1934) is a retired Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Force Major general, writer and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first human to conduct extravehicular activity (EVA), exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for a 12-minute spacewalk. In July 1975, Leonov commanded the Soyuz capsule in the Soyuz-Apollo mission, which docked in space for two days with an American Apollo capsule. Leonov was born in Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Soviet Union. In 1936, his father Arkhip was arrested and declared an "enemy of the people". Leonov wrote in his autobiography: "He was not alone: many were being arrested. It was part of a conscientious drive by the authorities to eradicate anyone who showed too much independence or strength of character. These were the years of Stalin's purges. Many disappeared into remote gulags and were never seen again." In 1948 his family moved to Kaliningrad. In 1957 Leonov graduated from Chuguev military pilot's academy in the Ukrainian SSR. He was one of the 20 Soviet Air Force pilots selected to be part of the first cosmonaut group in 1960. Leonov was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (the only cosmonaut that was not was Konstantin Feoktistov). His walk in space was originally to have taken place on the Voskhod 1 mission, but this was cancelled, and the historic event happened on the Voskhod 2 flight instead. He was outside the spacecraft for 12 minutes and nine seconds on 18 March 1965, connected to the craft by a 5.35-metre (17.6 ft) tether. At the end of the spacewalk, Leonov's spacesuit had inflated in the vacuum of space to the point where he could not re-enter the airlock. He opened a valve to allow some of the suit's pressure to bleed off and was barely able to get back inside the capsule. Leonov had spent eighteen months undergoing intensive weightlessness training for the mission. As of March 2017, Leonov is the last survivor of the five cosmonauts in the Voskhod programme. In 1968, Leonov was selected to be commander of a circumlunar Soyuz 7K-L1 flight. This was cancelled because of delays in achieving a reliable circumlunar flight (only the later Zond 7 and Zond 8 members of the programme were successful) and the Apollo 8 mission had already achieved that step in the Space Race. He was also selected to be the first Soviet person to land on the Moon, aboard the LOK/N1 spacecraft. This project was also cancelled. (The design required a spacewalk between lunar vehicles, something that contributed to his selection.) Leonov was to have been commander of the 1971 Soyuz 11 mission to Salyut 1, the first manned space station, but his crew was replaced with the backup after one of the members, cosmonaut Valery Kubasov, was suspected to have contracted tuberculosis (the other member was Pyotr Kolodin). Leonov was to have commanded the next mission to Salyut 1, but this was scrapped after the deaths of the Soyuz 11 crew members, and the space station was lost. The next two Salyuts (actually the military Almaz station) were lost at launch or failed soon after, and Leonov's crew stood by. By the time Salyut 4 reached orbit, Leonov had been switched to a more prestigious project. Leonov's second trip into space was similarly significant: he commanded the Soviet half of the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz mission – Soyuz 19 – the first joint space mission between the Soviet Union and the United States. From 1976 to 1982, Leonov was the commander of the cosmonaut team ("Chief Cosmonaut") and deputy director of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, where he oversaw crew training. He also edited the cosmonaut newsletter Neptune. He retired in 1992. Leonov is an accomplished artist whose published books include albums of his artistic works and works he did in collaboration with his friend Andrei Sokolov. Leonov took coloured pencils and paper into space, where he sketched the Earth and drew portraits of the Apollo astronauts who flew with him during the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project. Arthur C. Clarke wrote in his notes to 2010: Odyssey Two that, after a 1968 screening of 2001: A Space Odyssey, Leonov pointed out to him that the alignment of the Moon, Earth, and Sun shown in the opening is essentially the same as that in Leonov's 1967 painting Near the Moon, although the painting's diagonal framing of the scene was not replicated in the film. Clarke kept an autographed sketch of this painting—which Leonov made after the screening—hanging on his office wall. Together with Valentin Selivanov, Leonov wrote the script for the 1980 science fiction film The Orion Loop. In 2001, he was a vice president of Moscow-based Alfa-Bank and an adviser to the first deputy of the Board. In 2004, Leonov and former American astronaut David Scott began work on a dual biography/history of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Titled Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race, it was published in 2006. Neil Armstrong and Tom Hanks both wrote introductions to the book. Leonov was also a contributor to the 2007 book Into That Silent Sea by Colin Burgess and Francis French, which describes his life and career in space exploration. Alexei Leonov on 1965 USSR 10 kopek stamp. Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Medal "Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR" Order "Golden Star" (Foundation Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of the Russian Federation together with the organizing committee of the International Forum "The potential of the nation"). Order the "Pride of Russia" (Foundation for the "Pride of the Fatherland", 2007). National Award "To the glory of the Fatherland" in the "Glory to Russia" (International Academy of Social Sciences and International Academy of patronage, 2008). Leonov was awarded the Gold Space Medal from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) in 1976. FAI created an exception which allowed Stafford to be awarded it alongside him; typically the award is restricted to one person per year. Reward edged weapon — a nominal officer Dirk "Alexei Leonov" Alexei Leonov (right) shares a moment with Anton Shkaplerov (left) in October 2011. A crater on the far side of the Moon was named after Leonov in 1970, near Mare Moscoviense (Sea of Moscow). Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2010: Odyssey Two was dedicated to Leonov and Andrei Sakharov; and the fictional spaceship in the book, the Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, was named after him. Leonov wore a Russian Poljot "FMWF Strela" watch (a transliteration of СТРЕЛА, which actually means "Arrow") chronograph during his historic first space walk. Leonov, along with Rusty Schweickart, Vitaly Sevastyanov, and Georgi Grechko established the Association of Space Explorers in 1984. Membership is open to all people who have flown in outer space. In the Star Trek novel Destiny: Gods of Night there is a ship named the U.S.S. Alexei Leonov, which is sacrificed to save the planet Korvat from the Borg. Leonov is featured as a character in the 2013 Doctor Who comic book story "Space Oddity", published by IDW Publishing. The film The Age of Pioneers (2017) is based on Leonov's account about the Voskhod-2 mission. Leonov was portrayed by Evgeny Mironov. The song "E.V.A" by Public Service Broadcasting on their 2015 album The Race for Space references Leonov becoming the first man to undertake Extra-Vehicular Activity in space. ^ The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies. Springer Science & Business Media. 2009. pp. 55–56. ISBN 038784824X. ^ a b c d e Hall, Rex; Shayler, David; Vis, Bert (2005). Russia's Cosmonauts: Inside the Yuri Gagarin. Chichester, UK: Praxis. pp. 332–3. ISBN 0-387-21894-7. ^ McKinnon, Mika. "50 Years Ago, The First Spacewalk Nearly Ended In Tragedy". Gizmodo.com. Retrieved 28 January 2018. ^ a b "Alexei Leonov Biography". Astronautcentral.com. Retrieved 28 January 2018. ^ "Alexei Leonov: winner of the 2005 IAAA Lucien Rudaux Memorial Award". Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2007. ^ Clarke, Arthur C. (1982). "Author's Note". 2010: Odyssey Two (1st ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. pp. xvii–xviii. ISBN 0-345-41397-0. OCLC 8429900. Clarke describes the painting itself on page 76 of the initial hardback edition. ^ "Aleksei Leonov and Alexander Gafin become members of the American Pushkin Academy of Art". Alfa-Bank. 23 February 2001. Retrieved 8 July 2007. ^ Sprekelmeyer, Linda, ed. (2006). These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame. San Diego: Donning Co. Publishers. ISBN 978-1-57864-397-4. OCLC 71812756. ^ "Edwards Commander Awarded Medals". The Bakersfield Californian. Bakersfield, California. 1 October 1976. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com. Leonov, Alexey Arkhipovich; Sokolov, Andreĭ K (1967). Zhdite Nas, Zvezdy: The Stars Are Awaiting Us Ждите Нас, Звезды (National government publication) (in Russian and English). Мол. Гвардия (Mol. Gvardii︠a︡ )Moscow. Retrieved 19 October 2014. Text and captions in Russian and English; table of contents is in English. Scott, David; Alexei Leonov (2006). Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race. with Christine Toomey. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-30866-3. Rincon, Paul; Lachmann, Michael (13 October 2014). "The First Spacewalk How the first human to take steps in outer space nearly didn't return to Earth". BBC News. BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2014. A.I. Ostashev, Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov - The Genius of the 20th Century — 2010 M. of Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training MGUL ISBN 978-5-8135-0510-2. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aleksei Leonov. Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut or cosmonaut outside a spacecraft beyond the Earth's appreciable atmosphere. The term most commonly applies to a spacewalk made outside a craft orbiting Earth, but also has applied to lunar surface exploration performed by six pairs of American astronauts in the Apollo program from 1969 to 1972. On each of the last three of these missions, astronauts also performed deep-space EVAs on the return to Earth, to retrieve film canisters from the outside of the spacecraft. Astronauts also used EVA in 1973 to repair launch damage to Skylab, the United States' first space station. Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev, was a Soviet fighter pilot with extensive experience in piloting different types of aircraft. He was the first commander of the cosmonaut corps and the cosmonaut who commanded the historic Voskhod 2 mission which saw the first man walk in space in 1965. Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968. At the time of his flight, Beregovoy was 47 years of age: he was the earliest-born human to go to orbit, being born three months and three days earlier than the second earliest-born man in orbit – John Glenn, but later than X-15 pilot Joe Walker who made 2 suborbital space flights. Boris Valentinovich Volynov is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21. He was the first Jewish cosmonaut to enter space, preceding Judith Resnik in the United States. Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19, and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme. On 21 July 1975, the Soyuz 7K-TM module used for ASTP landed in Kazakhstan at 5:51 p.m. and Kubasov was the first to exit the craft. Kubasov performed the first welding experiments in space, along with Georgy Shonin. Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. The second mission terminated fatally. Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov was a Soviet cosmonaut and an engineer who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions. Soyuz 11 was the only manned mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1. The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, arrived at the space station on 7 June 1971 and departed on 29 June. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurized during preparations for reentry, killing the three-man crew. The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans known to have died in space. Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov was a Soviet cosmonaut. The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), conducted in July 1975, was the first joint U.S.–Soviet space flight, as a symbol of the policy of détente that the two superpowers were pursuing at the time. It involved the docking of an Apollo Command/Service Module and the Soviet Soyuz 19 capsule. The unnumbered Apollo vehicle was a surplus from the terminated Apollo program and the last one to fly. This mission ceremoniously marked the end of the Space Race that had begun in 1957 with the Sputnik launch. Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights including Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14. Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov is a former cosmonaut who made five flights. Valery Victorovich Ryumin is a former Soviet cosmonaut. Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev is a retired Russian and Soviet cosmonaut and pilot. Solovyev holds the world record on the number of spacewalks performed (16), and accumulated time spent spacewalking. The Soviet space program comprised several of the rocket and space exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union (USSR) from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991. Over its 60-year history, this primarily classified military program was responsible for a number of pioneering accomplishments in space flight, including the first intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7), first satellite, first animal in Earth orbit, first human in space and Earth orbit, first woman in space and Earth orbit, first spacewalk, first Moon impact, first image of the far side of the Moon and unmanned lunar soft landing, first space rover, first sample of lunar soil automatically extracted and brought to Earth, and first space station. Further notable records included the first interplanetary probes: Venera 1 and Mars 1 to fly by Venus and Mars, respectively, Venera 3 and Mars 2 to impact the respective planet surface, and Venera 7 and Mars 3 to make soft landings on these planets. Yastreb is a Russian space suit that was specially developed for early Soyuz space vehicle missions and for EVA. This model of space suit allowed the cosmonaut to spacewalk from the orbital module of Soyuz. Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Robert H. Goddard. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the first satellite, the first man and the first woman into orbit. The United States caught up with, and then passed, their Soviet rivals during the mid-1960s, landing the first man on the Moon in 1969. In the same period, France, the United Kingdom, Japan and China were concurrently developing more limited launch capabilities. Salyut 7 is a 2017 Russian historical drama film directed by Klim Shipenko. The story is based on the Soyuz T-13 mission in 1985, part of the Soviet Salyut programme; it was the first time in history that a 'dead' space station was docked with, and brought back into service.
0.888839	How long is the travel distance of a pedal of a Formula 1 car? How long is the travel of the pedals on a Formula 1 racing car? The break pedal is very stiff and only moves around a centimeter for all teams and drivers. For throttle there is more variance and it's hard to give a definitive value. The clutch is not a foot operated pedal, but a hand operated handle behind the steering wheel.
0.999973	There are several options on eBay, search cut resistant socks. One even has toes. maverick and Dave Cofone like this. so, what special tool [ can't be scissors ] did you use to cut / sew these. any one else getting my point? So I purchased a package of two sets of Kevlar sleeves and sewed one end up to make tube socks as you mentioned. It worked very well and the price was around $20 for the two sets. Its best to order the 24'' length and prior to sewing flip them inside out. Once sewed, flip them back. If you have very large calves the sleeves may not work as well. P.S. Previously ordered the Tough and Lite from Security Race Products on the December special pricing. Ordered small, but they were to big for the wife so the abouve "sleeves" worked better. Here is what the Memphis Kevlar butchers sleeves look like. It would be easy to sew the end and make a sock. Memphis also makes these in Dyneema, slightly more expensive. Tonight (3/5/19), the APBA BOD voted to delay the date of the new cut gear discipline rule (safety rule 3.D which is using the yellow card system for non compliance for all safety gear) to Nov. 1, 2019. The cut gear safety rule for footwear is still on the books (safety rule 3.C), but with no rule for discipline. Essentially this is pushing the entire rule back a year. If you show up to a race without cut resistant footwear this season (2019) you will not be given a yellow card for non compliance. This was done because of the lack of supply for cut socks, which was a surprise after the new rule took place. APBA is looking on getting a supplier for the cut resistant footwear for the 2020 season. Also, since on the topic of safety gear, the APBA BOD clarified that SNELL 2005 helmets have expired as of 12/31/18. This was already in the rule book, but some were unsure of the exact rule and date. Safety rule 3.A will be updated for SNELL 2010 or newer helmets as meeting the safety qualifications for the 2019 season. Andrew 4CE, and like this. When will the SNELL 2010 rating expire? Is APBA going to the 10-Year motorsport standard or 15-year? Not expiring on the Snell 5-year schedule is very frustrating. They are 1 year premature to make a change like this. APBA is outlawing these at a terrible time, illogically, and still no firm implementation of the logical 10 or 15 year schedule. Basically, a lot of people are going to be pissed if their 2010 that they have just bought goes out of date in 1-2 years too. Please pick a path, name dates, make it clear. Shouldn't a decision this important be big headline news on the APBA website???
0.910651	The survival horror video game Resident Evil made its debut on the PlayStation in 1996, and was later ported to the Sega Saturn. It was a critical and commercial success, leading to the production of two sequels, Resident Evil 2 in 1998 and Resident Evil 3: Nemesis in 1999, both for the PlayStation. A port of Resident Evil 2 was released for the Nintendo 64. In addition, ports of all three were released for Windows. The fourth game in the series, Resident Evil Code: Veronica, was developed for the Sega Dreamcast and released in 2000, followed by ports of 2 and 3. Resident Evil Code: Veronica was later re-released for Dreamcast in Japan in an updated form as Code: Veronica Complete, which included slight changes, many of which revolved around story cutscenes. This updated version was later ported to PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube under the title Code: Veronica X. Despite earlier announcements that the next game in the series would be released for the PlayStation 2, which resulted in the creation of an unrelated game titled Devil May Cry, series' creator and producer Shinji Mikami decided to make the series exclusively for the Nintendo GameCube. The next three games in the series—a remake of the original Resident Evil and the prequel Resident Evil Zero, both released in 2002, as well as Resident Evil 4—were all released initially as GameCube exclusives. Resident Evil 4 was later released for Windows, PS2 and Wii. In addition, the GameCube received ports of the previous Resident Evil sequels. Despite this exclusivity agreement between Capcom and Nintendo, Capcom released several Resident Evil titles for the PS2 that were not considered direct sequels. A trilogy of GunCon-compatible light gun games known as the Gun Survivor series featured first person game play. The first, Resident Evil Survivor, was released in 2000 for the PlayStation and PC, but received mediocre reviews. The subsequent games, Resident Evil Survivor 2 Code: Veronica and Resident Evil: Dead Aim, fared somewhat better. Dead Aim is actually the fourth Gun Survivor game in Japan, with Gun Survivor 3 being the Dino Crisis spin-off Dino Stalker. In a similar vein, the Chronicles series features first person game play, albeit on an on-rails path. Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles was released in 2007 for the Wii, with a follow up, Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles released in 2009. Resident Evil Outbreak is an online game for the PS2, released in 2003, depicting a series of episodic storylines in Raccoon City set during the same time period as Resident Evil 2 and 3. It was the first in the series and the first survival horror title to feature cooperative gameplay and online multiplayer support. It was followed by a sequel, Resident Evil Outbreak File #2. Raccoon City is a metropolis located in the Arklay Mountains of North America that succumbed to the deadly T-virus outbreak and was consequently destroyed via a nuclear missile attack issued by the United States government. The town served a critical junction for the series' progression as one of the main catalysts to Umbrella's downfall as well as the entry point for some of the series' most notable characters. Resident Evil Gaiden is an action-adventure game for the Game Boy Color featuring an RPG-style combat system. There have also been several downloadable mobile games based on the Resident Evil series in Japan. Some of these mobile games have been released in North America and Europe through T-Mobile. At the Sony press conference during the E3 2009, it was announced that Resident Evil Portable would be released for the PlayStation Portable, described as an all-new title being developed with "the PSP Go in mind" and "totally different for a Resident Evil game". However, as of 2012, no further announcements have been made, and the game is considered to have been cancelled. In March 2011, Capcom revealed the third-person shooter Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, which is developed by Slant Six Games for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows and released in March 2012. A survival horror game for the Nintendo 3DS, Resident Evil: Revelations, was released in February 2012. In October of the same year, the next numbered entry in the main series, Resident Evil 6, was released to mixed reviews, but enthusiastic pre-order sales. HD Collections released HD ports of Resident Evil 4, Resident Evil: Code Veronica X, Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles, and Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles. Due to the low sales of Resident Evil 6 It was revealed on January 31st That There is a high-probability of a reboot to the series coming from a feedback from the fans.
0.999969	Springfield, Mass.-based Baystate Health will lay off 24 employees, cut hours for another 17 workers and not fill 45 open positions, according to a MassLive report. Here are six things to know about the workforce changes, from the report. 1. The workforce changes are a way for Baystate Health to close a $22 million budget shortfall. Baystate Health attributed the shortfall to the fact that its reimbursements for providing Medicaid services fall short of its costs, typically between 70 and 80 cents on the dollar. 2. Jobs affected by the workforce changes are all based in Springfield and almost entirely at Baystate Medical Center, according to system spokesman Ben Craft. 3. The eliminated jobs do not include bedside nurses or physicians, but do include clinical support and administrative jobs and 10 management positions. 4. The employees to be laid off were notified that their jobs will end in 30 days. 5. Baystate Health said it will work to help affected employees find new opportunities, either within or outside of Baystate Health. 6. Affected employees will receive severance pay and extension of benefits in accordance with their tenure of service and job placement assistance.
0.999964	You’re interested in writing a program to classify triangles. Triangles can be classified according to their internal angles. If one of the internal angles is exactly 90 degrees, then that triangle is known as a "right" triangle. If one of the internal angles is greater than 90 degrees, that triangle is known as an "obtuse" triangle. Otherwise, all the internal angles are less than 90 degrees and the triangle is known as an "acute" triangle. Your program must determine, for each set of three points, whether or not those points form a triangle. If the three points are not distinct, or the three points are collinear, then those points do not form a valid triangle. (Another way is to calculate the area of the triangle; valid triangles must have non-zero area.) Otherwise, your program will classify the triangle as one of "acute", "obtuse", or "right", and one of "isosceles" or "scalene". The first line of input gives the number of cases, $N$. $N$ lines follow, each containing integers $x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2,x_3,y_3$. You may assume that $1 \leq N \leq 100$ and $-1000 \leq x_1, y_1, x_2, y_2, x_3, y_3 \leq 1000$.
0.977447	The two primary energy sources we use are carbs and fat. When we exercise we use a combination of both. Yes, low intensity workouts tend to burn more calories from fat than high intensity workouts do because fat requires oxygen. That's why they call it aerobic exercise, which means with oxygen. As your intensity increases it becomes anaerobic, which means without oxygen. At this point your body shifts where it draws its energy from. For instance, when you go from walking to running you are obviously increasing your intensity, right? When you are walking your body is getting most of its energy from fat and secondarily from carbs. When you are running you will use primarily carbs and secondarily fat. But hold on a minute because there is much more to the cardio story to be told. In the end, it doesn't matter whether the calories burned come from fat or carbs. The total calorie expenditure should be your focus. You will burn more calories with higher intensity cardio than you will with low intensity cardio and in less time, hence quicker weight loss. Think about this: If you walk for 30 minutes or you interval train (walk/run) for 30 minutes, doesn't it make sense that you'd burn more calories in that same 30 minutes by increasing the intensity? Or look at it this way: Which would you rather do? Walk 60 minutes, walk/run interval 30-40 minutes, or brisk walk on varied terrain for about 40-45 minutes? I don't know about you, but burning more calories in less time is a win/win in my book every time! Of course, some people cannot run or do higher intensity exercise due to certain limitations such as age, arthritis, injuries, etc. In that case you may have to stick with longer duration and lower intensity. But there are various ways to increase the intensity that you may be able to try, such as switch up from treadmill to elliptical or riding a bike now and then or throw some hills or hiking into the cardio mix. The point is, figure out what you can do and work with that. Let's say you are a person who strength trains 2-3 days a week and does cardio 3-5 days a week. You are eating a healthy diet and are maintaining your weight at 165 pounds, but you'd rather weigh 150. What do you need to do? You have three options at this point. 1) You can keep doing exactly what you are doing (the same exercise routine) but start consuming fewer calories (eating less). 2) You can keep eating the same way and the same amount of calories and increase your frequency and/or intensity of exercise. 3) Or you can exercise a little more and eat a little less. IN SUMMARY: If you are looking to lose weight safely and as quickly as possible, you will need to either reduce calorie intake and/or increase exercise intensity/frequency. If you are looking for generally improving the quality of your life and health, weight training along with either high or low intensity cardio exercise will definitely do the trick! For more tips and info that can help you get better results from your fitness plan, be sure and check out my new eBook "So You Joined a Gym...Now What? Part II Essential Workout Tips & Secrets for Beginners: How to Exercise & Train Smart." The information in this book will kick your workouts into overdrive, no matter what your level of fitness. Because it matters HOW YOU WORKOUT! This book will show you how. I am currently formatting it so that it will be available on Barnes and Noble's online bookstore and everywhere else ASAP. But for the time-being, you can click on the above link and get it at Amazon.com along with any of my other books. This month's featured exercise is lying dumbbell triceps extensions. As I stated last month, it's almost time to bare our arms for the summer, so let's polish up those guns with some triceps training! To see a video go here and watch the first exercise of the workout. Preparation: Lie on a flat bench, holding dumbbells straight up in the air as shown above. Execution: Carefully lower the weights to the ears by bending at the elbow, keeping upper arms straight up in the air. Use caution so as not to hit yourself in the face or head with the weights. (You laugh until you do this exercise and realize how easy that would be to do.) So please take my word for it and focus on controlling this move. Repeat for the desired amount of reps. TIP: Keep elbows straight up with no movement in the shoulder joint. This is a single-joint (elbow) movement, thereby isolating the triceps. This month's video is in tribute to all the heroes at Monday's horrific Boston Marathon bombings. I am always awestruck at the amazing acts of heroism and compassion during times of tragedy such as these. My heart is heavy and my eyes are tear-filled as I continue to grieve and pray for the victims and their families and friends. May God give them the strength and courage to triumph over this unthinkable atrocity, and may his healing touch continue to shower them with miracles and love.
0.998652	Picture a middle-school classroom. There are many children of similar ages, each with their own set of unique skills and varying levels of interest in academic performance. When talking to the science teacher after class, you notice that she talks about each student differently - she gushes about Julie’s motivation to learn and her interest in science. When talking about Daniel, the teacher expresses concern that he does not seem as motivated in academic performance as he ought to be. How does the teacher arrive at this conclusion and gauge a student’s motivation? These conclusions can be drawn from several observations. One of them is how attentiveness is perceived by the teacher. This teacher has noticed that Julie displays an exceptional amount of attention in science class and often talks about being a scientist, so she considers Julie to be a scientifically-motivated child. Another indicator of motivation is the child’s eagerness and commitment to engage with the material. In Daniel’s case, the teacher notices that he is the slowest to complete assignments and does not seem to enjoy science projects. Thus, she comes to the conclusion that Daniel is not a scientifically-motivated child. In both Julie’s and Daniel’s cases, their motivation is a crucial factor for how they are assessed in the classroom. Psychology defines motivation as the process that helps initiate, guide, and maintain goal-oriented behaviors. As we observed in both of the above cases, we can infer a person’s motivation by observing their behavior and interpreting it in a particular way. The motivational theory most relevant to our classroom situation is incentive theory. Here, motivation is divided into two types - intrinsic and extrinsic.. Intrinsic motivation refers to the innate desire to seek out new learning experiences, and is independent of any external pressures or rewards to seek out these experiences. For example, Julie’s desire to be a scientist stems from her general interest in science and the world around her, which translates to her performance in science. Extrinsic motivation refers to external agents, usually rewards or punishments, that influence the drive to learn or seek new experiences. In intrinsically motivated behaviors, the reward is the activity itself. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is best represented as two ends of a spectrum. Extrinsic motivation varies greatly depending on the extent of the autonomy present in each situation. To illustrate this point, let’s fast forward to when Julie and Daniel are in high school. For Julie, paying for college is not in her family’s means, so she realizes she has to receive a full scholarship in order to fulfill her dream of becoming a scientist. She now has to compete against other applicants for the scholarship, and in order to do that, she has to get great grades. Julie is now heavily influenced by external agents such as grades, competition, and money - she is no longer only motivated by her love for science. Daniel is also considering pursuing science in college, but only because his parents and teachers believe that a a degree in STEM will afford better employment opportunities than studying English, which is what he really wants to do. In this situation, Julie is influenced by external factors, but still retains her choice and her autonomy in that she chooses to study science because she enjoys it. By contrast, Daniel is only motivated extrinsically - he has no internal drive to study science since he lacks autonomy in this situation. Studies have shown that extrinsic and intrinsic motivation can have very different effects on student learning. Nearly two decades ago, Ryan and Connell (1989) found that extrinsically-motivated students who had very little autonomy over their choices displayed less interest, value, and effort while learning. These students also displayed a higher tendency to blame others for negative outcomes. Extrinsically-motivated students with greater autonomy over their choices (such as Julie) showed greater effort, but also had higher anxiety levels and displayed poor mechanisms to cope with failure. In contrast, intrinsically-motivated students showed greater interest, enjoyment, and feelings of competence, and also displayed healthy coping mechanisms when stumbling across obstacles. These effects are also different with respect to age - recent studies provide evidence to support the theory that extrinsic motivation does not have negative effects on achievement in elementary-age children, but it does impair achievement and academic performance in older children. Given the relationship between motivation and achievement, how do we encourage positive motivational behaviors in individuals? We can begin by looking at evidence supporting various influences on the development or suppression of each kind of motivation. A study by Murayama, Matsumoto et al. provided evidence suggesting that performance-based reward systems can actually undermine the development of intrinsic motivation. Participants participated in a task that captured their interest and required some effort, and were offered monetary rewards for successful performance. In another round, they were told they would no longer receive rewards for success. Results showed that the brain regions responsible for coding value showed decreased activity once the rewards were stopped, as did the brain region responsible for increased cognitive engagement. Essentially, this study revealed that individuals were motivated to learn while receiving rewards, but stopping these rewards significantly decreased their motivation to learn. In another set of studies, researchers looked at how students’ beliefs about themselves affected their performance when faced with challenges. One of the most popular theories in this space discusses how people’s beliefs about their intellectual ability can affect the way they learn. This research suggests that people who subscribe mostly to entity theories of intelligence believe that intelligence is mostly fixed. These people tend to pursue goals/tasks that help them appear capable and are quick to give up if the outcome of their effort is negative. Contrastingly, incremental theorists are people who believe that intelligence is something that can be developed with time and experience. These individuals pursue tasks and goals that help them master skills and embrace challenges, even if it seems like their efforts first beget negative results. Those who believe in incremental theories of intelligence tend to be more intrinsically motivated than those who believe in entity theories, since their interest in learning makes them more likely to pursue mastery. Importantly, these individuals develop better coping mechanisms to deal with failure since they don’t necessarily view their performance as a measure of their ability. So how can we apply the findings from these studies to encourage intrinsic motivation in students? In 2002, Aronson, Fried and Good taught incremental theory to a college students, and observed that these students actually earned better grades after the training compared to students who hadn’t been trained. A similar intervention conducted in high schools also showed the same effect - the trained adolescents (i.e. ones who were taught about incremental theory) scored higher on achievement tests than their untrained peers. This is heartening news, because it tells us that teaching students how to view their intelligence has real effects on improving learning outcomes. Other studies have shown that specific kinds of encouragement from teachers and parents promote intrinsic motivation in students. For instance, punishments have been shown to decrease intrinsic motivation and increase extrinsic motivation in students, regardless of age. In another study, researchers found that the best way to encourage middle-school children to read was to offer them a new book (or another reading-related reward like a bookmark) as a reward for finishing a book. These studies, when considered in conjunction with the performance-based reward study we discussed earlier, suggest that a good way to foster intrinsic motivation in students is to create a learning situation in which the activity itself is the reward, and negative learning outcomes are not penalized by external agents. Research has helped us identify the existence of different kinds of motivation and the possible factors influencing their development. Although more research is necessary to better understand the more nuanced features of motivation and its influences on learning, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that a large number of currently-practiced policies in schools may not have the desired effect in promoting positive learning outcomes in students. Going forward, it is important to ensure that policy mechanisms develop alongside scientific progress in order to ensure that research can be adequately implemented in the classroom, thus ensuring a better educational environment for every child. Aparna is a senior studying Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania, with a concentration in Cognitive Neuroscience. She is also double-minoring in Psychology and Computational Neuroscience. Aparna has volunteered for the Changing Brain Lab since Fall 2017, and will be graduating this summer to pursue an interdisciplinary fellowship (teaching, education policy and research) in India for the next two years. Any questions can be emailed to [email protected]. This opening quote was the perspective that Harvard University’s neuromolecular biologist Dr. Takao Hensch implemented in his talk about manipulating brain plasticity. Children are faster than adults when learning motor outputs, languages, and a plethora of other skills necessary for development. You may know names such as Mozart or Serena Williams; their success in composing and tennis, respectively, was the result of an accumulation of years of experience within these fields. It may not be surprising that people who have achieved great performances often start early in life and acquire the skills that made them extraordinary. Brain plasticity, or the brain’s “willingness to change,” is one way to explain a child’s malleability to early experience. Interestingly, this plasticity is different throughout an individual’s lifespan. For example, let’s look at something that mostly all humans eventually acquire in their skills repertoire: the ability to speak and comprehend language. It’s truly extraordinary to see an infant with near-zero comprehension of language develop a full working vocabulary by the age of four. But what’s truly perplexing is that the same child, when older, struggles significantly more when trying to learn a new language. How can humans be so proficient at acquiring a language with zero past experience during one point of their life, yet so much worse at acquiring new languages later in life -- when they have already developed the neural mechanisms necessary for language? This period Hensch refers to is the critical period. Critical periods can be understood as windows of opportunity, in which early experiences can shape brain function for a variety of processes, such as vision and language. During the critical period for language, for example, a child’s exposure to language is extremely influential on the wiring of her brain; thus, she learns at a very efficient rate. However once her critical period closes later in life, her plasticity to experience decreases, and thus she learns languages slower and with more effort. So how does experience translate into changing neural connections? Well, these experiences serve as sensory inputs to two types of neurons in the brain: excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons. It’s through their communication which makes all the magic happen. Excitatory neurons drive target cells towards being active and inhibitory neurons prevent target cells from firing action potentials (the method of communication between neurons). Historically, research has been more interested in the implications of excitatory cells because they far outnumber inhibitory cells; the accepted thought was that you need to excite the brain to induce change. However, recent research has indicated that inhibitory circuitry is behind these highly plastic periods of learning. There are a few theories that explain why inhibitory neurons are necessary for critical periods. One explanation is that neural inhibition sharpens the signal-to-noise ratio. Think about an outdated TV set. While watching the screen, sometimes you may see a bunch of little dots that don’t contribute to the the clarity of the picture. These dots are the noise, whereas the picture is the signal. We see in newer TV models that these white dots are almost unrecognizable -- indicating that companies have effectively worked to sharpen the signal-to-noise ratio. This analogy can be understood when thinking of inhibitory cells as the TV companies, incoming sensory information as the picture, and noise as all the extra stuff we pick up that our bodies don’t really want to process. Research has shown that immature brains before critical periods have a lot of this “noise”, or spontaneous activity not driven by sensory input. And just like TV companies worked on strengthening this signal-to-noise ratio, our neural system ultimately works to get stronger. Furthermore, the rules of “neurons that fire together wire together” and “neurons out of sync lose their link” are the underlying mechanisms to how some of this noise is lost and signal strength is increased. Adding inhibitory networks allows responses to get sharper and the noise signal to be preferentially dampened. So what’s the point of understanding how and why critical periods happen? Interestingly, understanding environmental effects on neural networks can have great implications for society, particularly in education. Preliminary research on neuroplasticity in cats looked at their visual systems and how the environment influences maturation (Frégnac & Imbert, 1978). That is, early environmental disadvantage (such as perpetual darkness) can prevent visual development in cats. This knowledge of environmental influence on visual systems was also found to apply to humans, as well. Researchers found that when it came to certain visual deficits (ie Amblyopia or lazy eye), the effectiveness of the treatment interventions was highly dependent on the age of the subject (Holmes et al., 2011). Dr. Allyson Mackey and Dr. Emily Cooper evaluated implications of such findings in their review Sensory and cognitive plasticity: implications for academic interventions. This idea of critical time periods for development, when extended to other neural systems, reveal that other forms of environmental disadvantage (e.g. low SES status, lack of available resources, early childhood stress, etc.) significantly affect cognitive development. However, Dr. Mackey and Dr. Cooper stressed that it’s important to understand that early interventions are not necessarily optimal if they take place before the critical period opens. Moving toward neuroscientific applications within society, understanding trajectories of developmental neural plasticity could be extremely helpful when determining the timing of interventions aiming to ameliorate environmental disadvantages of children in high-risk communities. Jessica is a junior studying Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania, with a concentration in Cognitive Neuroscience. She is also double-minoring in Psychology and Urban Education: Policy, Research, and Practice. Jessica has volunteered for The Changing Brain Lab since the Fall of 2017. Any questions can be emailed to [email protected]. How does socioeconomic status affect brain development, and can neuroscience aid in the effort to alleviate global child poverty? As Dr. Martha Farah, the director of the Penn Center for Neuroscience & Society, says: “We’re not here because we want more photogenic brains on an MRI. We don’t really care about their brains as an end in itself. We care about their lives and the neuroscience is only interesting insofar as it tells us something about that.” A working group with diverse research backgrounds put on the Global Childhood Poverty and Neuroscience workshops to attempt to shed some light on issues pertaining to brain development, neuroscience, and child poverty. Included in the first workshop was Dr. Martha Farah; Dr. Sebastian Lipina, a visiting academic from the National Council of Research (CONICET) in Argentina; and Dr. Allyson Mackey from Penn Psychology. Dr. Farah presented research showing the widening gap in academic performance between children of higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES). A 2009 study by Stevens et al. looked at the effect of SES on attention by simultaneously playing two different stories in each participant's ear while asking them to attune to only one of the stories. Participants with lower parental education attainment had a harder time focusing their attention on one of the stories. Why does this difference exist? It is possible that this difference stems from higher unpredictability in lower SES households, where it could be more advantageous to have one’s attention spread out and attuned to many different things at once. However, this finding can also mean that kids from lower SES backgrounds have trouble paying attention to just one thing, which can be a problem in a busy classroom. Dr. Farah also discussed a Demir et al. paper from 2015 that looked at brain activity correlated with better math performance. It was found that better math performance was correlated with activity in verbal regions of the brain in children from higher SES backgrounds. However, for children from lower SES backgrounds, visual and spatial areas of the brain were correlated with better math performance. This finding provided evidence that SES is associated with the way the brain processes information, which can have numerous practical implications about the way math can best be taught to kids from lower SES backgrounds, such as demonstrating math visually rather than verbally describing how something works. Together, these studies look beyond just gaps in test scores and provide evidence for specific learning differences in children from varying SES backgrounds. Dr. Mackey corroborated Dr. Farah's presentation by discussing how children from a lower SES background are more likely to be exposed to a number of risk factors that impact brain development, and how low SES exacerbates those risks.These include physical risks (e.g. pesticides, lead) as well as physiological risks (e.g. sleep disruption, lack of exercise, poor medical care, malnutrition). Additionally, there are psycho-social elements such as discrimination, eviction, crime, incarceration, unstable families, addiction, and low quality schools. All of these factors are stressors on child brain development. For the workshop, Dr. Mackey particularly discussed how stress and sleep deprivation can lead to changes the brain. Evidence suggests that early life stress alters the reward system in mice (Peña et al. 2017). Mice who were stressed in early life and then encountered social stress in adulthood developed depression-like behaviors (Peña et al. 2017). While mice and humans are different, children who have experienced more stressful life events have weakened connectivity between certain areas of the brain, potentially indicating a weakening level of neuroplasticity in children, which can make it increasingly difficult to learn new things (Park et al in prep). Sleep is another domain in which low SES can exacerbate risk factors associated with brain development. Children from lower SES households are at a higher risk for poor sleep quality compared to children from higher SES households (Buckhalt et al 2011). For kids from lower SES, sleep loss is associated with a great reduction in cognitive performance. Sleep disturbances are also associated with reduced whole brain volume and dorsolateral prefrontal thickness, an area that is important in complex problem solving and decision making. (Kocevska et al 2016). However, for children from higher SES who do not see the same reduction as those who experience sleep loss and are of lower SES, this is not the case. Parents who are concerned about how sleep quality might be affecting their child’s brain development can track their child’s sleep to help determine if there are poor sleep conditions at home. There are also specific steps that can be taken for parents who want their children to sleep better, such as making sure the child has a consistent bedtime and limiting media use around bedtime. Despite all of this research that link SES and brain development, the path from research to policy is a long one. This reality was demonstrated to the audience with the example of the state’s car seat policy - it took 10 years for Pennsylvania to change the policy regarding car seats for children under 2 years old after a study was published saying children under the age of 2 are 75% less likely to die or be severely injured in a crash if they are sitting rear-facing. Because it takes so long for science to influence policy, it is important to think about the small steps parents and educators can take now. Neuroscience can have real world effects that can make a difference in children’s lives, and fortunately, the field is filled with scientists who are committed to thinking about the real-world implications of their research. Anna is a senior at Vassar College where she studies Neuroscience with a focus on evolution. She volunteered in The Changing Brain lab this summer. Anna can be reached at [email protected] with any questions.
0.967928	What do I do if my bin smells? No, worms don't have eyes. They are very sensitive to bright light. They will try to hide as soon as they are exposed to light. The worm's mouth is in the first anterior segment. There is a small protruding lip just over the mouth, called prostomium. When the worm is foraging, this lip is stretching out. The prostomium is used for sensing food. Once your worm bin has been going for a while, you may notice other creatures like white worms, springtails, and millipedes living in your bin. This is normal, these creatures will not hurt your worms. In fact, they help the composting process. The only bugs that may be present that pose a threat to worms are centipedes. You can tell centipedes and millipedes apart by looking at how their legs are attached to their bodies. Centipedes have only one pair of legs per segment, millipedes have two pairs. Unpleasant odors in a worm bin may result from too much food waste, too much moisture, or composting cheese or animal products. Control odors by removing excess waste? You can also make sure that drainage holes are not blocked and adding more drain holes or fresh bedding if needed. Always cover fresh food waste with at least one inch of bedding. You may occasionally notice patches of mold or sprouts in your worm bin. Molds and fungi are a natural part of the composting process, helping to break down the food waste. Vegetables may sprout in your bin because of all the nutrients present. These things will eventually be consumed by the worms and other organisms, but you can keep the mold or sprouts out of sight by covering them with bedding. Do worms die in the box? It's hard to find dead worms in a worm box, but they do die in the box. Dead worm bodies decompose very quickly, because their bodies are between 75%-90% water. If you find many dead worms you should find out the cause. High heat (above 110 degrees) is fatal to them. Too much salt or acidic food waste can kill them. It's best to change the bedding with fresh materials to solve the problem. Sometimes, partially replacing bedding may solve the problem. Worms need oxygen to live. The oxygen diffuses across the moist tissue of their skin, from the region of greater concentration of oxygen (air) to that of lower concentration (inside the worm.) Carbon dioxide produced by the bodily processes of the worm also diffuses through skin. Moving from higher concentration to lesser concentration, carbon dioxide moves from the inside of the worm's body out into the surrounding bedding. A constant supply of fresh air throughout the bedding helps this desirable exchange take place.
0.977083	This lab describes a few more functions from the stringr package and contains additional exercises using Shakespeare’s sonnets. You should complete Lab 9 before attempting the exercises in this lab. str_replace matches a regular expression and replaces the match with another string. x <- "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." # replace the first two consecutive vowels with ?? ## "The q??ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." str_c combines multiple strings into a single string. The result will have the same number of elements as the longest input string. ## "The over" "quick the" "fox lazy" "jumps dog." Specifying the collapse argument will reduce the result to a single string (a character vector of length 1). ## "The quick fox jumps" str_split splits a vector of strings into pieces delimited by a given regular expression match. ## "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." ## [1,] "The quick brown fox jumps over " "he lazy dog." ## [1,] "The" "quick" "brown" "fox" "jumps" "over" "the" "lazy" "dog." Wrapping parts of regular expressions in parentheses allow you to refer to those parts using backreferences. ## " weNHampshire" "nnoCecticut" "ssaMachusetts" "mreVont" We will continue manipulating the text of Shakespeare’s sonnets from Lab 9. To get started, run this code, which incorporates answers to exercises 1, 2, and 3 from Lab 9. Find lines containing three-letter strings that are repeated. For example, “contented” repeats the three-letter string nte twice in a row. Using str_replace_all, remove all !, ,, ', ;, :, ? and . characters from sk. Store the result in an object called sk2. Replace all -- (two hyphens) in sk2 with a single space. Now combine the elements of sk2 into a single string, called sk2_combined, using str_c. Include the argument collapse=" " so that the result is a single string containing all of the words in Shakespeare’s sonnets, separated by spaces. ## "From fairest creatures we desire increase That thereby beautys rose might never die But as the riper should by time decease His tender heir might bear his memory But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes Feedst thy lights flame with self-substantial fuel Making a famine where abundance lies Thy s" Use str_split to split sk2_combined into individual words. The splitting pattern should match one or more whitespace characters (\s). Include the argument simplify=TRUE. Count the number of letters in each word using str_length. Create the following chart, which displays the frequency of word lengths in Shakespeare’s sonnets.
0.969694	ISRIC is collaboratively developing a centralized and user–focused server database, known as ISRIC World Soil Information Service (WoSIS), that draws on contributions from many data providers. Upon their standardisation, the 'shared' point data are made freely available to the international community to address a range of global issues. Provide quality-assessed input for a growing range of environmental applications. Compilation of a global dataset of quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data for the world, drawing on voluntary contributions of data holders/providers worldwide. At present, the focus is on standardising soil point (profile) data for the world. The quality assessed and standardised data are made available freely to the international community through several webservices, in compliance with the conditions specified by the various data providers. Snapshot (static) datasets: These are a representation of the complement of standardised data available at a given moment (e.g. July 2016). Each snapshot is given a unique name and digital object identifier (doi) for consistent citation purposes. The DATA project draws on voluntary contributions from numerous data providers. It plays an important role in supporting the activities of the ICSU-WDS accredited World Data Centre for Soils (WDC-Soils) at ISRIC. The data project resorts under Workstream 2, "Soil Information Brokering" and receives ISRIC core-funding.
0.995599	Oxygen is an element that forms a diatomic gas (O2) under Earth's surface conditions. It also readily forms a triatomic molecule, known as ozone (O3), under some conditions such as electrical discharges. Ozone is more stable in the upper atmosphere and forms a barrier to ultraviolet energy, the ozone layer, which is very important to current life-forms on the planet. O2 is a highly reactive chemical, so much so that most chemical reactions are classed as "oxidation" or "reduction" reactions depending on the relative exchange of electrons involved. The process of oxidation is fascinating, with its results varying from forming a protective, non-oxidizing surface coating on aluminum, to slowly destroying artifacts made of iron ("rust"), to rapid processes we call combustion, which release large amounts of chemical energy in short periods of time. Oxygen in its pure form is a useful industrial and medical commodity, and is often cooled and compressed into its liquid state for storage and transportation. Earth's atmosphere is roughly 21% oxygen, which is created and replenished by plants using photosynthesis to capture energy from the sun. Most animal life depends on acquiring it via respiration, in order to use it in chemical reactions to obtain energy from food. Oxygen-deprived regions are called "anoxic". Anaerobic bacteria are those which can survive only in environments in which there is no oxygen, and for which oxygen is toxic. It has been hypothesized that in order for life to form on earth, the entire atmosphere would have to be anaerobic, as oxygen would have caused the breakup of primitive organic chemicals as they first began to form. This is highly likely, since oxygen is a highly reactive element. The only reason we now have an atmosphere that is roughly one-fifth oxygen is the constant production of it as a waste product of photosynthesis. Note that when plants first evolved this process and started pumping O2 into the atmosphere, there was a mini-extinction event, known as the "Great Oxygenation Event " as it poisoned organisms that could not tolerate it. Oxygen caused exposed iron to rust as plants started to release it in photosynthesis. Ozone (O3) or "trioxygen", is a triatomic molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the usual diatomic allotrope, O2. Ozone in the lower atmosphere is an air pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory systems of animals and will burn sensitive plants. The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere is beneficial, preventing potentially damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface. Ozone is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere and is the key component of most atmospheric chemistry. People in Victorian Britain would go to — indeed, were advised by physicians to go to — the seaside to "take the ozone". Fortunately, there's no more in sea air than there is anywhere else, or they'd have been coughing up blood. That characteristic seaside smell is dimethyl sulfide (C2H6S) derived from rotting seaweed. Oxygen at high temperatures is extremely corrosive, causing fires with most substances. While it isn't flammable itself, oxygen in high concentrations makes many other things burn easily, even items which aren't normally burnable. The Apollo I fire occurred because the test on the pad was done in pure oxygen at sea level pressure (the Apollo missions were flown at 5-6psi; at that pressure, pure oxygen is no more dangerous than regular air). A 2015 research paper found an association between increased lung cancer rates and higher levels of atmospheric oxygen associated with populations living at lower altitudes. Of course correlation does not imply causation, but it does given one pause since oxygen is highly chemically reactive. This page was last modified on 7 July 2018, at 16:54.
0.999827	The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th General Election), was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 38th Parliament of Canada. The Liberal government of Prime Minister Paul Martin lost its majority, but was able to form a minority government after the elections. The main opposition party, the newly amalgamated Conservative Party of Canada, improved its position but with a showing below its expectations. On election day, polling times were arranged to allow results from most provinces to be announced more or less simultaneously, with the exception of Atlantic Canada, whose results were known before the close of polling in other provinces due to the British Columbia Supreme Court's decision in R. v. Bryan. However, polls released immediately after the scandal broke showed Liberal support down as much as 10% nationwide, with greater declines in its heartland of Quebec and Ontario. Although there was some recovery in Ontario and Atlantic Canada, Liberal hopes of making unprecedented gains in the west faded. The unpopularity of some provincial Liberal parties may also have had an effect on federal Liberal fortunes. In Ontario, for instance, the provincial Liberal government introduced an unpopular budget the week of the expected election call, and their federal counterparts then fell into a statistical dead heat with the Conservatives in polls there. The Liberals were also harmed by high profile party infighting that had been plaguing the party since Martin's earlier ejection from Cabinet by now-former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien. Many pundits predicted that the combination of the popular and fiscally conservative Martin, along with continued vote-splitting on the right, could have led to the almost total annihilation of the Progressive Conservatives and Canadian Alliance. This fear prompted those two parties to form a united Conservative Party of Canada, which was approved by the members of the Canadian Alliance on December 5, 2003 and controversially by the delegates of the Progressive Conservatives on December 6, 2003. The Conservatives gained more ground in polls after Harper became leader, and the poll results in the weeks before the election had them within one to two points of the Liberals, sometimes ahead, sometimes behind them. Party supporters hoped that the voters would react negatively to the Liberal attacks on what they called Harper's "hidden agenda," and that anger over the sponsorship scandal and other Liberal failures would translate to success at the polls. Marijuana Party English: Let's roll! French: Y faut que ça roule! Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada English: Annexation No! Sovereignty Yes! French: Annexation Non! Souveraineté Oui! Communist Party of Canada Peace, Jobs, Democracy, Sovereignty! Abortion: This was not a significant issue in this election. Abortion is legal in Canada after Parliament's failure to pass legislation to replace previous restrictions ruled illegal by the courts. Many Conservatives and a few Liberals oppose abortion. The Liberals tried to use it as a wedge issue after comments from pro-life Conservatives, but it didn't change the outcome. This page was last modified on 14 December 2015, at 19:13.
0.999996	Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov (June 18, 1812 - September 27, 1891; June 6, 1812 - September 15, 1891, O.S.) was a Russian novelist best known as the author of Oblomov (1859). He was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk); his father was a wealthy grain merchant. After graduating from Moscow University in 1834 Goncharov served for thirty years as a minor government official. In 1847, Goncharov's first novel, Obyknovennaia (usually translated into English as A Common Story), was published; it dealt with the conflicts between the decadent Russian nobility and the newly-profitable commercial class. It was followed by Ivan Savvich Podzhabrin (1848), a naturalist psychological sketch. Between 1852 and 1855 Goncharov voyaged to England, Africa, Japan, and back to Russia via Siberia as the secretary of Admiral Putyatin. His travelogue, a chronicle of the trip, The Frigate Pallada (The Frigate Pallas), was published in 1858 (Pallada is the Russian spelling of Pallas). His wildly successful novel Oblomov was published the following year and the main character was compared to Shakespeare's Hamlet who answers No! to the question To be or not to be?. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, among others, considered Goncharov as a noteworthy author of high stature. In 1867 Goncharov retired from his post as a government censor and then published his last novel; Obryv (in English The Precipice)(1869) is the story of a romantic rivalry among three men. Goncharov also wrote short stories, critiques, essays and memoirs that were only published posthumously in 1919. He spent the rest of his days travelling in lonely and bitter recriminations because of the negative criticism some of his work received, which was at least partly well deserved. Goncharov never married. He died in St. Petersburg.
0.990167	Wipe data on your old phone / tablet before you donate, resell or recycle it. Your smartphone or tablet contains personal data you want to keep private when you dispose your old phone. To protect your privacy, completely erase data off of your phone and reset the phone to its initial factory settings. Now having wiped your old device, you are free to donate, resell, recycle or otherwise properly dispose of your phone / tablet. You can't just throw an old cell phone / tablet in the garbage. The Toxic chemicals contained in it's batteries, and other parts can escape from the phone while it is in a landfill, and they can eventually leak into the groundwater, thereby poisoning the water of the surrounding area. Also, in many cases, city disposal workers have been burned, blinded, and poisoned while trying to crush garbage that contained ill disposed of electronics, such as cell phones. There are special garbage bins for old cell phones / tablets that you can find in your local tech shop. Consider donating your phone / tablet to a charity that recycles old cell phones, like Cell Phones for Soldiers, which recycles old cell phones, and uses the money to buy phone cards for soldiers to call their families. If your cell phone / tablet is still functioning, and you just don't want it anymore, you can give it to a friend who doesn't have a phone, to save them money. When disposing of your gaming device either by selling, scrapping, giving away or donating, ensure all of your personal information has been deleted. Delete your account details, and backup or transfer your games to your new device. Computers often hold all kinds of personal and financial information. If you're getting rid of your old computer, there are things to do before you log off for the last time so your hard drive doesn't become a 21st century treasure chest for identity theives. Save important files on an external storage device - for example, a USB drive, a CDRom, or an external hard drive - or transfer them to a new computer. "Wipe" your hard drive clean - use software available both online and in stores where computers are sold. They're generally inexpensive; some are available on the Internet for free. If your old computer contains sensitive information that would be valuable to an identity thief, consider using a program that overwrites or wipes the hard drive many times. Or, remove the hard drive, and physically destroy it. If you use your computer for business purposes, check with your employer about how to manage business-related information on your computer. The law requires businesses to follow data security and disposal requirements for certain information that's related to customers. Once you have a "clean" computer, consider recycling, donating, or reselling it - and keep the environment in mind when disposing of your computer. If you want to get rid of your old computer, options include recycling, reselling, and donating. But before you log off for the last time, there are important things to do to prepare it for disposal. Computers often hold personal and financial information, including passwords, account numbers, license keys or registration numbers for software programs, addresses and phone numbers, medical and prescription information, tax returns, and other personal documents. Before getting rid of your old computer, it's a good idea to use software to "wipe" the hard drive clean. If you don't, consider your old hard drive a 21st century treasure chest for identity thieves and information pirates. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation's consumer protection agency, says you can deter identity theft and information piracy by taking a few preventive steps. A computer's hard drive stores data, and maintains an index of files. When you save a file, especially a large one, it is scattered around the hard drive in bits and pieces. Files also are automatically created by browsers and operating systems. When you open a file, the hard drive checks the index, then gathers the bits and pieces and reconstructs them. When you delete a file, the links between the index and the file disappear, signaling to your system that the file isn't needed any longer and that hard drive space can be overwritten. But the bits and pieces of the deleted file stay on your computer until they're overwritten, and they can be retrieved with a data recovery program. To remove data from your hard drive permanently, it needs to be wiped clean. Before you clean your hard drive, save the files that are important to you on an external storage device ? for example, a USB drive, a CDRom, or an external hard drive ? or transfer them to a new computer. Check your owner's manual, the manufacturer's website, or its customer support line for information on how to save data and transfer it to a new computer. Utility programs to wipe your hard drive are available both online and in stores where computers are sold. They're generally inexpensive; some are available on the Internet for free. Wipe utility programs vary in their capabilities: some erase the entire disk, while others allow you to select files or folders to erase. They also vary in their effectiveness: programs that overwrite or wipe the hard drive many times are very effective; those that overwrite or wipe the drive only once may not prevent information being wiped from being recovered later. If your old computer contains sensitive information that would be valuable to an identity thief, consider using a program that overwrites or wipes the hard drive many times. Or, remove the hard drive, and physically destroy it. One more thing to keep in mind: If you use your home or personal computer for business purposes, check with your employer about how to manage information on your computer that's business-related. The law requires businesses to follow data security and disposal requirements for certain information that's related to customers. Recycle it. Many computer manufacturers have programs to recycle computers and components. Check their websites or call their toll-free numbers for more information. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has information on electronic product recycling programs at https://www.epa.gov/recycle. Your local community may have a recycling program. Check with your county or local government, including the local landfill office for regulations. Keep the environment in mind when disposing of your computer. Most computer equipment contains hazardous materials that don't belong in a landfill. For example, many computers have heavy metals that can contaminate the earth. The EPA recommends that you check with your local health and sanitation agencies for ways to dispose of electronics safely.
0.999893	The most recent (2016), Croatian contribution to UNESCO's World Heritage Site list is actually an honor shared between Croatia, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, each of whom hosts stecci. Stecci are medieval tombstones, notable for their unique design and decoration that typifies funerary art between the 12th and 16th century in this region. Stecci are spread over 3300 sites throughout the region of which 400 are in Croatia, mostly in Dalmatia. Only 30 sites are on the UNESCO list. The majority are in Bosnia-Hercegovina but there are two sites in Croatia: The Church of St. Barbara in Dubravka, Konavle in southern Croatia; Velika and Mala Crljivica in Cista Velika, northeast of Split near Imotski. So, they're just tombstones. Why are they important? In finding the stecci to have "outstanding universal value" (criteria for inscription on the WHS list) UNESCO pointed to the decorative flourishes of the tombstones which blended eastern and western Christianity as well as pagan symbols and local script to create funerary art that perfectly expressed the time and place of their creation. Human figures, flowers, geometric designs, celebratory scenes, moons and stars are just some of the motifs chosen by the creators and the deceased. As the stecci are mostly in out-of-the-way locations, they have met the "authenticity and integrity" test even though centuries of weather have worn down the engravings on some. It's also important to note that presenting the stecci for inclusion on the World Heritage list has been a joint project of formerly warring countries in ex-Yugoslavia which doubtless also played a role in their inclusion. The necropolis is Velika i Mala Crljivica, a 200m site along the Trilj-Imotski road, that once was a Roman road built on top a Bronze Age settlement. The 90 well-preserved stecci date from the 14th and 15th centuries and are in several shapes, vertical and horizontal, with motifs that include crosses, lilies, hunting and dance scenes, duels (maybe the cause of death?) and various plants. Head outside Dubravka village to the Church of St Barbara to explore this graveyard which contains 84 stecci in slab or chest form also from the 14th to 15th centuries. Decorations include grape tendrils, rosettes, crosses and bows and arrows. The church is from the 19th century, built on the site of an older church. Note the tombstones that are part of the entrance gates.
0.930239	Indians: Al López (mgr.), Larry Doby, Bob Lemon, Early Wynn, Hal Newhouser. The 1954 World Series matched the National League champion New York Giants against the American League champion Cleveland Indians. The Giants swept the Series in four games to win their first championship since 1933, defeating the heavily favored Indians, who had won an AL-record 111 games in the regular season; it has since been broken by the 1998 New York Yankees (114) and again by the 2001 Seattle Mariners (116, tying the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the most wins ever). The Series is perhaps best-remembered for "The Catch", a sensational running catch made by Giants center fielder Willie Mays in Game 1, snaring a long drive by Vic Wertz near the outfield wall with his back to the infield. It is also remembered for utility player Dusty Rhodes' clutch hitting in three of the four games, including his walk-off hit for Monte Irvin that won Game 1, probably the best-known hit to be described as a "Chinese home run", since it barely cleared the 258-foot (79 m) right-field fence at the Polo Grounds. Giants manager Leo Durocher, who had managed teams to three National League championships, won his first and only World Series title in his managerial career. After moving West, the San Francisco Giants would not win a World Series until the 2010 season. As a result, this World Series held the distinction of being the most recent World Series to host the final World Series game of its two venues, a distinction it lost to the 1959 World Series after the original Comiskey Park closed down at the end of the 1990 Major League Baseball season and Dodger Stadium opened in 1962. Cleveland got on the board first and fast. Leadoff man Al Smith was hit by a pitch, Bobby Ávila singled and Vic Wertz brought home both with a triple to right. Bob Lemon gave two back in the third on singles by Whitey Lockman and Alvin Dark, a walk to Willie Mays and a Hank Thompson single. And that was that until the 10th inning. Mays saved the day in the eighth after leadoff singles by Larry Doby and Al Rosen led to starting pitcher Sal Maglie being lifted for Don Liddle. Wertz's drive to deep center field would have scored both if not for Mays's memorable catch. Lemon went all the way for Cleveland, losing it in the 10th when Dusty Rhodes, pinch-hitting for Monte Irvin with two Giants on base, hit a walk-off home run. Dusty Rhodes of the New York Giants rounds the bases after hitting a home run during the seventh inning of the second game of the 1954 World Series. Once again, the visitors started quickly, then couldn't hold onto their lead. Smith's leadoff homer off Johnny Antonelli put Cleveland up 1-0 before a lot of Polo Grounds fans had settled into their seats. Early Wynn preserved that lead until the fifth inning, but after Mays and Thompson singles, once again Rhodes pinch-hit for Irvin and came through, this time an RBI single. Antonelli himself got the go-ahead run home against his counterpart, scoring Thompson on a groundout. Antonelli was a little wild on the mound, walking six, but also struck out nine. New York got just four hits all day, but Rhodes delivered the game-winner again, a solo home run leading off the seventh. A huge crowd, 71,555, hoped to see Cleveland get its first win, but things did not go well for the home team. It trailed 1-0 quickly when Whitey Lockman singled, took second on a groundout and scored on a hit by Mays. The clutch hitter of the series, Rhodes, had a two-run single pinch-hitting in the third, and an error by the pitcher, Mike Garcia, gave the Giants another run to make it 4-0. Gomez gave up just four hits, with knuckleballer Hoyt Wilhelm mopping up for the save. New York was now a win away from the championship. Cleveland's slim chances at a comeback took a beating as it fell hopelessly behind 7-0. Almost everything went wrong from the start, a pair of errors resulting in two New York runs in the second. A single by Mays in the next inning scored another run. Then the game broke wide open in the fifth. Lemon loaded the bases and was pulled. Hal Newhouser replaced him but got nobody out, giving up a walk to Thompson and single to Irvin. A brief glimmer of hope for the home team came in the bottom of the fifth with a couple of Giant errors and a Hank Majeski three-run pinch homer. But except for a meaningless RBI single by Rudy Regalado in the seventh off Don Liddle, the Indians got nothing more as Wilhelm and Game 2 starter Antonelli came on in relief and the Giants completed a four-game sweep. Hano, Arnold (2004). A Day in the Bleachers. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81322-X. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> The author, who later wrote Mays' biography, described sitting in the left-center field bleachers at the Polo Grounds for Game 1. An entire chapter was devoted to "The Catch". This page was last modified on 23 December 2015, at 19:06.
0.999961	Isn’t it contradictory for these two assertions to be in the same article? Former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin and former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee declined to attend this year’s CPAC conference, and they are the two potential candidates who are leading Romney in polls of the GOP primary electorate. The IronDog Racer’s Drawing Banquet is tonight in Wasilla. The start and finish of the race will be televised and webcast as well. Tammy Bruce resigns from GOProud. Poll Insider has more analysis here. How can these purported GOP frontrunners play the “gravitas” card when Sarah Palin had more conviction on Egypt in 140 chs than they. Sarah Palin has had two kitchen sinks and all the utensils thrown at her. And look at her poll numbers/cross-tabs (CNN). Very high floor. What else is going on today? Congratulations to former Sonic great Ray Allen for breaking Reggie Miller’s record for most three-pointers made in NBA history.
0.999998	Many people put food out for birds, but fewer provide a regular supply of clean water. Birds need water for drinking and bathing. Water is particularly important during the winter, and in dry weather during the summer. Birds get the liquid they need from their food, and by drinking. Many insectivorous birds get most of their water from food, while seed-eating birds have a dry diet and need to drink more water. Since birds have no sweat glands, they need less water than mammals. However, they do lose water through respiration and in their droppings. Most small birds need to drink at least twice a day to replace the lost water. Water is freely available to birds at all shallow edges of ponds, rivers and streams. Woodland birds may drink water droplets on leaves. Most small birds need to drink water at least twice a day. Most birds drink by dipping their bill in water and throwing their head back to swallow. Pigeons and doves are able to immerse their bills and drink continuously. Water to bathe in is equally important, especially in winter. It is essential that birds keep their feathers in good condition, and bathing is an important part of feather maintenance. Dampening the feathers loosens the dirt and makes the feathers easier to preen. When preening, the bird carefully rearranges the feathers and spreads oil from the preen gland so they remain waterproof and trap an insulating layer of air underneath. Should I supply drinking water for my garden birds? It is good to provide a regular supply of clean water for birds to drink and bathe in. Water is particularly important during the winter, and in dry weather. Shallow containers, like dustbin lids or plant saucers, work well, but make sure you clean them regularly to prevent diseases from spreading.
0.998633	How do you eat organically on a budget? What do you typically spend on groceries each week? Do you meal plan? And if so, can you create a post on how you do it? I sat down with my husband and together we came up with 5 ways to make eating healthy, high quality food simple and budget-friendly. To be honest, I don't really meal plan far in advance and I also don't have a firm "budget" when it comes to groceries. I go to the store with a few ideas of what I'm going to make that week (I have about 15-20 meals I rotate through regularly each month) and I get my basic ingredients for those meals and then always try to incorporate things that are on sale or in season. I don't go in to the store planning to spend X amount of dollars, or trying to stay under X amount of dollars. I basically know what it costs for our family of 4 (soon 5, once Adaline starts solids) to eat organically + naturally and often stay within that range, but for every family that may look a little differently depending on the ages of your kids, portion sizes, if you double meals to make leftovers, how often you cook at home, how often you eat out, etc. If you are looking to make simple changes and eat more natural, organic foods without feeling like you have to stress out and break your budget, here are some tips. Any time I see an item is "locally grown" in the grocery store, I buy it. The closer to home it was grown, the better the quality (and often the lower the price). I also love going to Farmer's Markets all summer long and into Fall; not only am I able to support local growers, farms and their families but I am also able to get fresh, quality produce at a fraction of the cost it would be in a store. Cooking with the season is also a fun way to incorporate ingredients that are readily available, making them lower in cost. For example, making dishes with squash and pumpkins in the Fall and meals with fresh berries and produce in the Spring and Summer saves you time (looking for ingredients) and money. You are going to pay way more for strawberries in the middle of Winter than you are in the middle of Summer because when they're in abundance the prices are lower. Obviously, this isn't possible for everyone depending on where you live and what your year round weather is like, but the more produce you can grow yourself, the more you will save each week. Something like kale that costs a lot in stores, can be grown fairly simply (and quickly) in your own backyard. We personally don't grow much more than herbs right now (not sure I can keep a garden alive when I'm chasing after 3 kids) but we have a handful of friends who have farms and large gardens that give our family anything they have left over, and this always is such a blessing. Another way to grow your own (if you maybe don't have the backyard space or are too intimidated or limited on time to start a garden) is to become part of a neighborhood community garden. Often, you pay a small fee monthly or yearly and are responsible for regular maintenance like weeding and watering, but it's an inexpensive way to grow your own produce, share it with others, and also enjoy items other people in your neighborhood are growing. Having a variety of your favorite go-to meals with different kinds of sides and proteins allows you to customize your ingredients with what is on sale. For example, if grass-fed beef is on sale one week, I will plan to make meals that include it -- taco salads, chili, etc. If ground turkey is on sale, I'll do a big pan of lasagna, stuffed peppers, etc. Not only does this stretch your dollar because you are getting more than what you would had there not been a sale, but you can buy extra and freeze it as well. If you plan to make fajitas and see that the organic red bell peppers are on sale but the yellow and orange aren't (which actually happens often, that one color is pricier than another), buy the more inexpensive ones. This seems so obvious but when you have a long list and kids in tow at the grocery store, small prices can easily be overlooked but they make a difference in the long run. Be flexible with your meals and incorporate sides and ingredients that are on sale that week, not just the ingredients in your recipe. If you are making a salad for a summer picnic and you plan on romaine lettuce but see that butter lettuce or spinach is on sale, switch your recipe up. Not only is this the smart way to shop, but you get to try new flavor combinations. I also shop the sales when it comes to my favorite non-refrigerated food, such as Simple Mills almond flour crackers (the tomato basil ones are our fav), Canyon Bakehouse bread (the yummiest gluten free bread I've ever had), and other favorite snacks and pantry staples. I try to keep a variety of things on hand for the girls for lunches, but stock up on the foods we love when they're on sale. If our favorite eggs (pasture-raised eggs by Vital Farms brand) are on sale, I'll buy an extra dozen and hard boil them for Dustin's lunches and egg salad (we love adding in celery, radishes and red onion and using an avocado mayo) for lunches at home for me and the girls. I freeze a lot...including butter, meat, veggies, etc. If it's on sale and something I regularly shop for, I buy it and find a way to incorporate it into meals for the week or freeze it for the future. 4. Be mindful of the "dirty dozen" and "clean 15" These are two lists that guide my grocery shopping. If you haven't heard of them before, the dirty dozen is a list of the 12 foods that are most highly contaminated with pesticides, so those are the ones you definitely want to buy organically. The clean 15 is a list of 15 fruits and vegetables that have the lowest contamination levels, so if you are on a budget and unable to purchase 100% organic, buy those 15 items conventionally. When meal planning and grocery shopping, I plan meals for the week with overlapping ingredients so nothing goes to waste. One box of Spanish rice makes more than I need for one dish, so I'll plan to split a single box into two meals by making stuffed peppers on a Monday and chicken enchiladas on a Tuesday. I also do this often with herbs. Basil is one of my very favorite herbs, and I use it in a warm summer quinoa salad with tomatoes, basil and fresh mozzarella. Instead of tossing what I don't need for that recipe out, I chop it and add it into breakfast scrambles and chicken dishes. Cilantro is another one; making a few Mexican dishes over the course of a weeks' time allows me to use it all up instead of tossing it out. If I find myself with a lot of extra veggies on hand after a week of cooking but no way to use them all before they spoil, I get out my le creuset and make a big pot of what our family calls "lovely lentils" (recipe here). As far as meal planning goes, I'm not one of those people who can sit down and plan out meals in 1-2 week blocks, mainly because what I'm "in the mood for" changes every hour. What I buy when I shop and what I cook is based largely on what I'm craving, which comes in handy being married to someone who will literally eat anything I make and cooking for kids who don't have a choice ;) We eat a lot of Mexican food (stuffed peppers, chicken enchiladas, taco salads with grass fed beef, chicken quesadillas, fajitas, etc), a lot of salads (chicken caesar salads, garden salads with whatever veggies I have on hand and Italian dressing, and then salads with butter lettuce, veggies, nuts and salad girl dressing), and a lot of chicken and turkey, beef a few times a month, no pork. We aren't pasta eaters, and in fact I don't think I've made traditional spaghetti in years, other than spaghetti squash with meat sauce (which is one of my go-to meals in the Fall), but we love lasagna (and love the leftovers...even better the next day; I pair it with a side caesar salad and usually steam some kind of green veggie) and anytime we're having something that doesn't naturally have lots of veggies, I try to add sides with what I have on hand in the fridge or freezer. I also keep a big glass bowl (here) of chopped, washed romaine lettuce on hand in the fridge at all times to throw together salads in minutes for my lunches. My girl Kendra over at Hen & Co wrote a post that totally echoes how our family shops and stocks our kitchen to meal plan without actually being a meal planner, check it out here. These are fantastic tips! We're working toward more healthy eating and tips like these help so much!
0.999989	Prime Minister Theresa May has been told that she has just 72 hours to save her job. The warning comes from MPs frustrated by Mrs May's handling of Brexit negotiations after an unsuccessful summit last week. For a no confidence vote to be triggered, 48 letters from Conservative MPs must be submitted to the party's chairman and some have claimed that that threshold could soon be reached. Brexit supporter Andrew Bridgen told The Mail on Sunday that Mrs May must attend Wednesday's meeting of the Tory 1922 committee of backbenchers or risk making "the letters go in even faster". He said: "This week Theresa May will find that she is drinking in the last chance saloon and the bad news for her is that the bar is already dry." David Davis, a possible successor to Mrs May, wrote in The Mail on Sunday that the prime minister had "managed to anger not just Leavers but ardent Remainers as well". He said that the EU has plenty to lose if the UK crashes out of the bloc without a deal in March, adding: "We should not allow ourselves to be bullied by the EU." Mr Davis' article continued: "There have been claims that planes will not fly between the UK and EU. "This is extremely improbable as it would undermine the Spanish and other European tourism markets as well as Mediterranean property markets. "Furthermore, European flights would still need our airspace in order to fly to the US. "That should be enough to focus minds on a sensible outcome." Tory MP Johnny Mercer, who described the government as a "s***show" last week, said he had received "overwhelming" support from within the party after speaking out. He told The Sunday Times: "I cannot continue to support an administration that cannot function." Labour has also added to the pressure on Mrs May, proving that, even if she can manage to strike a deal with Europe, that does not guarantee it will please parliament. Shadow Brexit secretary Sir Keir Starmer said the current situation was a "mess of the prime minister's own making". Writing in The Sunday Times, he said: "To say that things have gone very wrong is an understatement. "Things could - and should - have been different. "But at no stage has the prime minister ever reached out to parliament or sought to build a national consensus on our future relationship with the EU. "If she thinks Labour should prop her up because her own team won't back her, she can think again." The words come as business warn they will set contingency plans in motion, moving work overseas and axing jobs in the UK, if there is no agreement between the UK and EU by Christmas.
0.926735	This article is about the fruit. For other uses, see Grapefruit (disambiguation). The grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a citrus hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species – sweet orange (C. sinensis), and pomelo (or shaddock) (C. maxima) – both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was nicknamed the "forbidden fruit". Frequently, it is misidentified as the very similar parent species, pomelo. The grape part of the name alludes to clusters of fruit on the tree that often appear similar to grape clusters. The interior flesh is segmented and varies in color from white to yellow to red to pink. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to around 5–6 meters (16–20 ft) tall, although they may reach 13–15 m (43–49 ft). The leaves are glossy, dark green, long (up to 15 centimeters (5.9 in)), and thin. It produces 5 cm (2 in) white four-petaled flowers. The fruit is yellow-orange skinned and generally, an oblate spheroid in shape; it ranges in diameter from 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in). The flesh is segmented and acidic, varying in color depending on the cultivars, which include white, pink, and red pulps of varying sweetness (generally, the redder varieties are the sweetest). The 1929 U.S. Ruby Red (of the Redblush variety) has the first grapefruit patent. The genetic origin of the grapefruit is a hybrid mix. One ancestor of the grapefruit was the Jamaican sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), itself an ancient hybrid of Asian origin; the other was the Indonesian pomelo (C. maxima). One story of the fruit's origin is that a certain "Captain Shaddock" brought pomelo seeds to Jamaica and bred the first fruit, however, it probably originated as a naturally occurring hybrid between the two plants some time after they had been introduced there. The hybrid fruit, then called "the forbidden fruit", was first documented in 1750 by a Welshman, Rev. Griffith Hughes, who described specimens from Barbados in The Natural History of Barbados. Currently, the grapefruit is said to be one of the "Seven Wonders of Barbados". The grapefruit was known as the shaddock or shattuck until the nineteenth century. Its current name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. Botanically, it was not distinguished from the pomelo until the 1830s, when it was given the name Citrus paradisi. Its true origins were not determined until the 1940s. This led to the official name being altered to Citrus × paradisi, the "×" identifying its hybrid origin. The 1929 Ruby Red patent was associated with real commercial success, which came after the discovery of a red grapefruit growing on a pink variety. Using radiation to trigger mutations, new varieties were developed to retain the red tones which typically faded to pink. The Rio Red variety is the current (2007) Texas grapefruit with registered trademarks Rio Star and Ruby-Sweet, also sometimes promoted as "Reddest" and "Texas Choice". The Rio Red is a mutation bred variety that was developed by treatment of bud sticks with thermal neutrons. Its improved attributes of mutant variety are fruit and juice color, deeper red, and wide adaptation. The Star Ruby is the darkest of the red varieties. Developed from an irradiated Hudson grapefruit, it has found limited commercial success because it is more difficult to grow than other varieties. The varieties of Texas and Florida grapefruit include: Oro Blanco, Ruby Red, Pink, Rio Star, Thompson, White Marsh, Flame, Star Ruby, Duncan, and Pummelo HB. China is the top producer of grapefruit and pomelo. It is followed by The United States and Mexico. Grapefruit comes in many varieties. One way to differentiate between varieties is by the flesh color of fruit they produce. The most popular varieties currently cultivated are red, white, and pink hues, referring to the internal pulp color of the fruit. The family of flavors range from highly acidic and somewhat sour, to sweet and tart. Grapefruit mercaptan, a sulfur-containing terpene, is one of the substances which has a strong influence on the taste and odor of grapefruit, compared with other citrus fruits. This happens in two very different ways. In the first, the effect is from bergamottin, a natural furanocoumarin in both grapefruit flesh and peel that inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, (among others from the P450 enzyme family responsible for metabolizing 90% of drugs). The action of the CYP3A4 enzyme itself is to metabolize many medications. If the drug's breakdown for removal is lessened, then the level of the drug in the blood may become too high or stay too long, leading to adverse effects. On the other hand, some drugs must be broken down to become active, and inhibiting CYP3A4 may lead to reduced drug effects. The other effect is that grapefruit can block the absorption of drugs in the intestine. If the drug is not absorbed, then not enough of it is in the blood to have a therapeutic effect. Each affected drug has either a specific increase of effect or decrease. One whole grapefruit, or a glass of 200 mL (6.8 US fl oz) of grapefruit juice may cause drug overdose toxicity. Typically, drugs that are incompatible with grapefruit are so labeled on the container or package insert. People taking drugs should ask their health care provider or pharmacist questions about grapefruit and drug interactions. Grapefruit is a rich source of vitamin C (>20% of the Daily Value, DV in a 100 gram serving), contains the fiber pectin, and the pink and red hues contain the beneficial antioxidant lycopene. Studies have shown grapefruit helps lower cholesterol, and there is evidence that the seeds have antioxidant properties. Grapefruit forms a core part of the "grapefruit diet", the theory being that the fruit's low glycemic index is able to help the body's metabolism burn fat. Although grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is promoted as a plant-based preservative by some natural personal care manufacturers, studies have shown that the apparent antimicrobial activity associated with GSE preparations is merely due to contamination with synthetic preservatives such as parabens. Citrus fruits show high amounts of putrescine, they contain very little spermidine. Grapefruit juice contains about half the citric acid of lime or lemon juice (which contain about 47 g/l), and about two-and-a-half times the amount of citric acid found in orange juice. In Costa Rica, especially in Atenas, grapefruit are often cooked to remove their sourness, rendering them as sweets; they are also stuffed with dulce de leche, resulting in a dessert called toronja rellena (stuffed grapefruit). In Haiti, grapefruit is used primarily for its juice (jus de Chadèque), but also is used to make jam (confiture de Chadèque). Lifestyle magazines and websites sometimes recommend grapefruit as a stain remover for porcelain and enamel. Grapefruit is a pomelo backcross, a hybrid of pomelo × sweet orange, with sweet orange itself being a pomelo × mandarin hybrid. ^ a b Carrington, Sean; Fraser, HenryC (2003). "Grapefruit". A~Z of Barbados Heritage. Macmillan Caribbean. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-333-92068-8. One of many citrus species grown in Barbados. This fruit is believed to have originated in Barbados as a natural cross between sweet orange (C. sinesis) and Shaddock (C. grandis), both of which originated in Asia and were introduced by Europeans in the seventeenth century. The grapefruit first appeared as an illustration entitled "The Forbidden Fruit Tree" in The Natural History of Barbados (1750) by Rev. Griffith Hughes. This accords with the scientific name which literally is "citrus of paradise". The fruit seems to have been fairly commonly available around that time, since George Washington in his Barbados Journal (1750-1751) mentions "the Forbidden Fruit" as one of the local fruit available at a dinner party he attended. The plant was later described in the 1837 Flora of Jamaica as the Barbados Grapefruit. The historical arguments and experimental work on leaf enzymes and oils from possible parents all support a Barbadian origin for the fruit. ^ Dowling, Curtis F.; Morton, Julia Frances (1987). Fruits of warm climates. Miami, FL: J. F. Morton. ISBN 978-0-9610184-1-2. OCLC 16947184. ^ Li, Xiaomeng; Xie R.; Lu Z.; Zhou Z. (July 2010). "The Origin of Cultivated Citrus as Inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and Chloroplast DNA Sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprints". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 135 (4): 341. Retrieved 27 February 2013. ^ a b "How did the grapefruit get its name?" Library of Congress. Science Reference Service, Everyday Mysteries. Retrieved August 2, 2009. ^ Texas grapefruit history Archived 2010-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, TexaSweet. Retrieved 2 July 2008. ^ a b Kumamoto, J.; Scora, R. W.; Lawton, H. W.; Clerx, W. A. (1987-01-01). "Mystery of the forbidden fruit: Historical epilogue on the origin of the grapefruit, Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae)". Economic Botany. 41 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1007/BF02859356. ISSN 0013-0001. ^ "World Wide Words: Grapefruit". World Wide Words. Retrieved 2017-03-30. ^ Admin (2010). "Welchman Hall Gully, Barbados". Barbados National Trust. Archived from the original on 16 August 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2010. The Development of the Gully - The Gully was once part of a plantation owned by a Welshman called General William Asygell Williams over 200 years ago. Hence the name "Welchman Hall" gully. It was this man who first developed the gully with exotic trees and an orchard. Interestingly, the grapefruit is originally from Barbados and is rumoured to have started in Welchman Hall Gully. ^ University of Florida: IFAS Extension; The Grapefruit. "Fact Sheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-28. ^ "Manatee County a big part of citrus history". HeraldTribune.com. 2004-08-16. Retrieved 2011-12-17. ^ "Grapefruit". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-30. ^ William J Broad (28 August 2007). "Useful Mutants, Bred With Radiation". New York Times. ^ "MVD". mvgs.iaea.org. Retrieved 2017-03-30. ^ Ahloowalia, B.S.; Maluszynski, M.; Nichterlein, K. (2004). "Global impact of mutation-derived varieties". Euphytica. 135 (2): 187–204. doi:10.1023/B:EUPH.0000014914.85465.4f. ^ Sauls, Julian W. (1998). "Home fruit Production-Grapefruit". Retrieved 2013-07-22. ^ Citrus Variety Collection. "Star Ruby grapefruit". Retrieved 2013-07-22. ^ "Go Florida Grapefruit". Go Florida Grapefruit. Archived from the original on 2011-09-10. Retrieved 2011-12-17. ^ A. Buettner; P. Schieberle (1999). "Characterization of the Most Odor-Active Volatiles in Fresh, Hand-Squeezed Juice of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfayden)". J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 (12): 5189–5193. doi:10.1021/jf990071l. PMID 10606593. ^ Bailey DG, Dresser G, Arnold JM (March 2013). "Grapefruit-medication interactions: forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?". CMAJ. 185 (4): 309–16. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120951. PMC 3589309. PMID 23184849. ^ Renee, Janet. "Does Grapefruit Inhibit Liver Enzymes?". sfgate.com. SF Gate. Retrieved 6 April 2017. ^ a b c d e f Mitchell, Steve (19 February 2016). "Why Grapefruit and Medication Can Be a Dangerous Mix". Consumer Reports. Retrieved 4 May 2016. ^ Bailey, D. G.; Dresser, G.; Arnold, J. M. O. (2012). "Grapefruit-medication interactions: Forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 185 (4): 309–316. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120951. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 3589309. PMID 23184849. ^ Fellers PJ, Nikdel S, Lee HS (August 1990). "Nutrient content and nutrition labeling of several processed Florida citrus juice products". J Am Diet Assoc. 90 (8): 1079–84. PMID 2380455. ^ Cerda JJ, Robbins FL, Burgin CW, Baumgartner TG, Rice RW (September 1988). "The effects of grapefruit pectin on patients at risk for coronary heart disease without altering diet or lifestyle". Clin Cardiol. 11 (9): 589–94. doi:10.1002/clc.4960110902. PMID 3229016. ^ Lee HS (May 2000). "Objective measurement of red grapefruit juice color". J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 (5): 1507–11. doi:10.1021/jf9907236. PMID 10820051. ^ Platt R (2000). "Current concepts in optimum nutrition for cardiovascular disease". Prev Cardiol. 3 (2): 83–7. doi:10.1111/j.1520-037X.2000.80364.x. PMID 11834923. ^ Armando C, Maythe S, Beatriz NP (1997). "Antioxidant activity of grapefruit seed extract on vegetable oils". J. Sci. Food Agric. 77 (4): 463–7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199808)77:4<463::AID-JSFA62>3.0.CO;2-1. Archived from the original on 2012-12-16. ^ Sakamoto S, Sato K, Maitani T, Yamada T (1996). "[Analysis of components in natural food additive "grapefruit seed extract" by HPLC and LC/MS]". Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku (in Japanese) (114): 38–42. PMID 9037863. ^ von Woedtke T, Schlüter B, Pflegel P, Lindequist U, Jülich WD (June 1999). "Aspects of the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract and its relation to preservative substances contained". Pharmazie. 54 (6): 452–6. PMID 10399191. ^ Takeoka G, Dao L, Wong RY, Lundin R, Mahoney N (July 2001). "Identification of benzethonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts". J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 (7): 3316–20. doi:10.1021/jf010222w. PMID 11453769. ^ Takeoka GR, Dao LT, Wong RY, Harden LA (September 2005). "Identification of benzalkonium chloride in commercial grapefruit seed extracts". J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (19): 7630–6. doi:10.1021/jf0514064. PMID 16159196. ^ Ganzera M, Aberham A, Stuppner H (May 2006). "Development and validation of an HPLC/UV/MS method for simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in grapefruit seed extract". J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 (11): 3768–72. doi:10.1021/jf060543d. PMID 16719494. ^ Ali, Mohamed Atiya; Poortvliet, Eric; Strömberg, Roger; Yngve, Agneta (2011). "Polyamines in foods: development of a food database". Food Nutr Res. 55: 5572. doi:10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5572. PMC 3022763. PMID 21249159. ^ Ben Box, ed. (1993). "Costa Rica - The Meseta Central". 1994 Mexico & Central America Handbook. Sarah Cameron, Sebastian Ballard (4 ed.). Bath, England: Trade and Travel Publications Ltd. p. 682. ISBN 978-0900751462. ^ "Medscape Log In". www.medscape.com. Retrieved 2017-03-30. ^ "How to Clean Your Bathtub with Grapefruit and Salt: 6 Steps". m.wikihow.com. Retrieved 2019-03-08. ^ "How To Naturally Clean a Bathtub with Grapefruit and Salt". Apartment Therapy. Retrieved 2019-03-08. ^ a b c d e "Tangelo". www.hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-30. Look up grapefruit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Citrus Paradisi group.
0.974985	Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia, Azerbaijan, Iran (province of Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan), Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan, and Europe (Russia), Dagestan, Kalmykia and the Astrakhan Oblast. He is the largest body of water on the mainland, with a surface area of 371,000 km ², and therefore has the characteristics possessed by the sea and lakes. He is often classified as the world's largest lake. Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe) is the largest lake in Africa, the world's largest tropical lake, and the second largest freshwater lake in surface area of the world after Lake Superior. The lake is located in the highlands in the western Great Rift Valley of Africa and regulated by Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. Salsh Lake Huron is one of the 5 Great Lakes United. Is that the 3rd of the estuary. Such as Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake Superior, the lake is also shared between the United States and Canada. Lake Michigan is one of the 5 Great Lakes in North America that restrict U.S. states: Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Chicago is the largest city on Lake Michigan. The lake is situated in Central Asia are in northern Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in the south.
0.998202	Draw a colorful airport runway that pops into exciting 3-D when you wear 3-D glasses. Fold your best paper airplane designs and see which ones fly the longest distance! Draw an airport runway with Crayola 3-D Sidewalk Chalk on a safe outdoor surface. To create the best 3-D effects, leave a small line of empty area between each chalk color. Place cool colors such as blue, purple, and green near warm colors such as red, yellow, and orange for maximum 3-D depth. Try on the glasses as you draw to see the effects you’re creating. Mark playing lines a short distance away from the targets for test pilots to stand behind. Mark a close line for younger pilots and another line a bit farther away for older pilots. Using your foot as a measuring tool, mark the edge of the runway like a giant ruler. Number the marks, with the smallest number at the starting line. Add colorful chalk drawings of "hazards" such as puddles, birds, and rocks on the runway. If your test plane lands in a hazard area, that flight doesn’t count. Fold several paper airplanes. Decorate them with markers. Other ideas: 1. Try taking an additional step backwards before tossing the airplane each round to make the contest more challenging. 2. Have everyone take turns flying the same paper airplane. Which take-off techniques work best?
0.962722	How can people say the Light Laser is better than the Heavy Laser? Can someone actually make an argument for this? I don't want anything related to "specific" cases, because we all know that in a "specific" scenario, any ogame Ship or Defence is better than the other. I want to know why the vast majority of ogame players consider the LL better than the HL, when, from my point of view, in most realistic cases the HL is factually superior. why the banana is better. LL are faster to produce. LL are good anti-cruiser fodder. This is not to say they are superior. Only that they are useful. you will want all the defense. LL costs more crystal? It costs more metal as well, but both have a Metal:Crystal ratio of 3:1. The HL costs 4x more than a LL, and with it provides 4x more Hull, 4x more Shield and 2,5x the Attack Power. Yes, the attack power is "only" 2.5x better than the LL for 4x the cost, but don't let this fool you. While 4 LLs do have more attack power than 1 HL, the LLs will spread their damage on the enemy ships, while the HL is more focused, for example, against a Light Fighter which is one of most widely used Ships against Turtles, 4 LLs might not be able to take it down in one round of battle because each one of them will most likely target a different ship, while a HL will have enough power to one-shot it in 1 round, removing it completely from the next round. And it also does more damage to the Hull of a Cruiser and even a Battleship, the later the LL can't even get past it's shields. What most people use to crack turtles are massives amounts of Light Fires, Cruisers and Destroyers (and RIPs but against RIPs, both LL and HL are equally useless). Most people are not going to use any other ships because they are really useless against Defence, unless the difference in numbers is massive, and no one uses Bombers either. And most fleeters are also quite reluctant to even use Cruisers because of how easily they get destroyed. Against a fleet with Destroyers, LL's fail miserably on their mission. Each time a Destroyer shoots a LL, the Destroyer has a 90%(RF of 10) chance to shoot again which can lead to scenarios where the Destroyer either keeps mowing down LLs or gets the opportunity to shoot down a Gauss or heavily damage a Plasma Turret. While the HF will get one-shot by a Destroyer but serves it's mission as fodder as it stops it from shooting again in the same round. You can use the Sim all you want, it's only that. A simulator. On the Sim, the LL looks the best against the majority of ships ONE ON ONE, but in a realistic scenari, with ships that people actually use to crack defences with as much profit as they can, they are not as useful as the HL. They don't serve their job as fodder, and to make the attack unprofitable, as good as the HL. If you want to protect your daily production as a fleeter or miner who fleetsaves, then look no further than a combo of Rockets and Plasma, that's literally all you need. But if you are a turtle who actually wants to use his defence to gather around some resources, the best combo is RL(to provide cover), HL(to get rid of LF fodder and also provide cover at the same time) and Plasma(to get rid of RIP RF and take out heavy ships). The post was edited 1 time, last by Grimm ( Apr 10th 2019, 11:03pm ). Let me preface this by saying I am actually a HL advocate, and thinks HL is both wrongly used and underused. The main reason is cost/effect ratio. HL costs precisely 4x as much as LL, but doesn't have 4x better stats. Put simply, for the same cost, LL increases the firepower and resilience of your defence more than HL does. HL does have a very good feature, which is the main reason why I heavily endorse building a good bunch of HL, and that is their ability to one-shot kill LF/SC far cheaper than gauss or plasmas. A good defence deters heavy fleets through excessive fuel-costs and light fleets through heavy losses. Your ability to cause a lot of permanent damage in round 1 to those light fleets is thus very important to deterring that potential attack. In summary: LL IS a better unit than HL, that is an undeniable fact when looking at the numbers. Unlike Ions, HL is still important though and should be included in substantial numbers in any defence. In order to insult me, I must first value your opinion...Nice try though. Unlike Ions, HL is still important though and should be included in substantial numbers in any defence. soak up so much damage. As a turtle, crystal is far better utilised for plasmas and RIPs. That's looking at the stats alone. Rapid Fire also plays a huge role, namely with Destroyers which is the ship that's most used to crack turtles after RIPs. And as you stated like me, their ability to one-shot LFs is also hugely underrated, not just that, they are able to damage the Hulls of even Battleships, while the LL will just waste it's shot on the shields that can regenerate every round. I think the answer you're looking for is: people can be wrong. I don't think many people are thinking about the specific scenarios when building their defense, but instead just want to get nice round numbers, or at most look at the stats. That being said, I think of three common scenarios where LL help more than 1/4 the number of HL. 1) They provide more cover against cruisers, which is one of the main threats against turtles. 2) RIPs have 200 rapid fire against LL, and 100 rapid fire vs HL, meaning the LL are more likely to draw vs RIPs, encouraging people to look at other turtles. 3) You're on a moon and don't want to invest in more shipyard. Not to hijack the topic or anything, but what are people's thoughts on Gauss Cannons?
0.928949	How carefully dispose of square metersa small kitchen? To answer this question it is necessary to conduct a thorough pre-planning. Planning is never superfluous, especially with regard to small areas. So if you have planned to repair or replace the interior, have patience, attention and, of course, the advice of experts. • The cooking surface of the plate should be not more than two burners. • Pick up small Moika. • Try to use household appliances built-in type. • Sill is well suited for the creation of an additional working area. • Use visuals, expanding the kitchen space: bright tone finish, mirrors and interior lighting furniture. • Choose options with kitchen setslaid down maximum functionality: sliding doors, retractable holder for trash, multi drawers, folding table and so on. The limited size of the room does not allowpost Full kitchen along one wall. Therefore, in this situation there are two solutions: an extremely truncated versions of kitchen sets, consisting of two or three lockers and a small work surface or kitchen corner for a small kitchen. As regards the first decision, here everything is clear. But the second sentence of the angular modifications can be considered a little more detail. Angle sets of kitchen furniture are L-shapedand U-shaped. U-shaped suite located along 3 walls and is not really suitable for small premises, as this form of "eats" a significant portion of the space and greatly reduces the comfort of staying in the room. But L-shaped version is perfectly suited to the limited space in size. • Ergonomics. T-shape will not make much fuss, since all the necessary boxes and offices are within walking distance - literally "at hand". • Compact and efficient use of every centimeter of the kitchen. • Possibility of customconfiguration. Corner kitchen, made on request, will take into account all the nuances of the current layout and change the internal filling the headset on your own. Moreover, to make custom-made furniture is not difficult. For example, the Muscovites dishes can be ordered without problems inexpensive, Moscow is able to surprise a variety of proposals. When ordering the kitchen, do not forget to think about the desiredconfiguration and internal arrangement of shelves, drawers and lighting. Be sure to invite a specialist to measure, as some features of planning can only observe a seasoned professional.
0.999997	Abstract: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to many recognition and learning tasks using a universal recipe; training a deep model on a very large dataset of supervised examples. However, this approach is rather restrictive in practice since collecting a large set of labeled images is very expensive. One way to ease this problem is coming up with smart ways for choosing images to be labelled from a very large collection (i.e. active learning). Our empirical study suggests that many of the active learning heuristics in the literature are not effective when applied to CNNs when applied in batch setting. Inspired by these limitations, we define the problem of active learning as core-set selection, i.e. choosing set of points such that a model learned over the selected subset is competitive for the remaining data points. We further present a theoretical result characterizing the performance of any selected subset using the geometry of the datapoints. As an active learning algorithm, we choose the subset which is expected to yield best result according to our characterization. Our experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing approaches in image classification experiments by a large margin. TL;DR: We approach to the problem of active learning as a core-set selection problem and show that this approach is especially useful in the batch active learning setting which is crucial when training CNNs.
0.999989	Could you check this article and see whether anything here is helpful in resolving the issue: Secure connection failed and Firefox did not connect. Amazon.com web page autofills the search box. Could you check this article and see whether anything here is helpful in resolving the issue: [[Troubleshoot the "Secure Connection Failed" error message]]. That's perfect, thanks. Guess I missed that when looking for answers. Whoops >_< You wouldn't happen to know browsers that don't require new TLS security updates would you? For a temporary fix while I try to access the site owners to let them know about that. ''jscher2000 [[#answer-1159206\|said]]'' <blockquote> Could you check this article and see whether anything here is helpful in resolving the issue: [[Troubleshoot the "Secure Connection Failed" error message]]. </blockquote> That's perfect, thanks. Guess I missed that when looking for answers. Whoops >_< You wouldn't happen to know browsers that don't require new TLS security updates would you? For a temporary fix while I try to access the site owners to let them know about that. There's not enough information on the page to know why the connection didn't work. You could try other browsers on your system like Microsoft Edge and see whether it can connect.
0.960905	How important a factor was population increase in contributing to the economic crisis of the mid tudor period, and what effect did it have on England? Sounds like another question assigned in class at school. The answer here is simple: The population increase was a very important contributor to the economic crisis of the mid Tudor period. Read up a bit on that increase and how it affected labor supplies and demand, and thus wages, and you'll discover your answer.
0.937204	The Apartment (1960) is producer/director Billy Wilder's bittersweet, heart-rending tragi-comedy/drama of a compliant insurance clerk (Lemmon) who secretly lends out his apartment to other company executives for adulterous sexual affairs and liaisons. The plot thickens when the clerk realizes that his building's elevator operator (MacLaine) is being taken for trysts by his married boss (MacMurray) to his apartment. The sophisticated yet cynical film of the early 60s is a bleak assessment of corporate America, big business and capitalism, success, and the work ethic, when a lowly but ambitious accountant enables his climb up the corporate ladder by ingratiating himself to his superiors - he literally prostitutes his own standards and moral integrity and allows himself to be exploited. Reportedly, director Wilder was inspired for the film by watching David Lean's Brief Encounter (1946) with a short scene about a man who vacates his apartment for a couple's secret tryst (Trevor Howard and Celia Johnson). It won five major Academy Awards out of ten nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay (co-written by Wilder and I.A.L. Diamond), Best B/W Art Direction/Set Decoration, and Best Film Editing. [Note: It was not until thirty-three years later that another black and white film would win Best Picture - Spielberg's Schindler's List (1993)]. Three acting awards were passed over: Jack Lemmon for Best Actor, Shirley MacLaine for Best Actress and Jack Kruschen for Best Supporting Actor. It was a triple win for Wilder as Director (Wilder's second directing Oscar), Producer, and Screenplay author. Wilder's previous The Lost Weekend (1945) had also won Best Picture and Best Director. Wilder would cast Jack Lemmon in five more films as a leading man, including Irma La Douce (1963), The Fortune Cookie (1966), Avanti! (1972), The Front Page (1974), and Buddy Buddy (1981). The 1969 Broadway musical Promises, Promises (from Neil Simon, Hal David, and Burt Bacharach) was based on the film. It became a Tony winner and made the song "I'll Never Fall in Love Again" a hit. On November 1st, 1959, the population of New York City was 8,042,783. If you laid all these people end to end, figuring an average height of five feet six and a half inches, they would reach from Times Square to the outskirts of Karachi, Pakistan. I know facts like this because I work for an insurance company - Consolidated Life of New York. We're one of the top five companies in the country. Our home office has 31,259 employees - which is more than the entire population of Natchez, Mississippi. I work on the 19th floor - Ordinary Policy Department - Premium Accounting Division - Section W - desk number 861. My name is C. C. Baxter - C. for Calvin, C. for Clifford, however most people call me Bud. I've been with Consolidated for three years and ten months and my take-home pay is $94.70 a week. The hours in our department are 8:50 to 5:20 - they're staggered by floors, so that sixteen elevators can handle the 31,259 employees without a serious traffic jam. As for myself, I very often stay on at the office and work for an extra hour or two, especially when the weather is bad. It's not that I'm overly ambitious, it's just a way of killing time, until it's all right for me to go home. You see, I have this little problem with my apartment...I live in the West Sixties, just half a block from Central Park. My rent is $85 a month. It used to be eighty until last July when Mrs. Lieberman (Frances Lax), the landlady, put in a second-hand air conditioning unit. It's a real nice apartment - nothing fancy - but kind of cozy - just right for a bachelor. The only problem is - I can't always get in when I want to. He is seated at his impersonal gray steel desk, with a nameplate on the side of his desk, in a sea of similar desks and expressionless-faced employees under fluorescent lights in the center of the 19th floor. [This particular shot paid homage to director King Vidor's similar sea-of-desks image in the silent film classic The Crowd (1928).] On his desk is an old-fashioned computing machine for number-crunching. When 5:20 pm approaches, he is left abandoned at his desk, and remains there for a few hours. As he approaches his apartment at a quarter to nine and paces back and forth, he looks up from the sidewalk at the lit window in his second-story apartment on West 67th Street in a converted brownstone - cha-cha music emanates from inside. Bud has discovered that he can advance his career and become well-regarded by four philandering middle-level superiors in the enormous, competitive organization by lending his nearby apartment so it can be used for "hospitality" (extramarital activities) with some of the firm's female secretaries or telephone operators. That way, the executives don't have to resort to paying for tacky hotel rooms. This particular evening, Mr. Kirkeby (David Lewis) has borrowed Bud's love nest to entertain a dim-witted switchboard operator Sylvia (Joan Shawlee) for almost two and a half hours after work - but Kirkeby has taken one hour longer than expected. Fatuously, the middle manager calls himself "a happily married man," and explains that the apartment belongs to "some schnook that works in the office." Finally, Bud is able to enter the vestibule of his own building, climb the stairs to his apartment, and find his key left under the mat. His next-door Jewish neighbor Mrs. Dreyfuss (Naomi Stevens) comments: "Such a racket I heard in your place - maybe you had burglars." Inside his place, he must clean up the mess left behind by his guests. Kirkeby rushes back in to retrieve Sylvia's forgotten galoshes, promising: "I put in a good word for you with Sheldrake, in Personnel...I told him what a bright boy you were. They're always on the lookout for young executives. You're on your way up, buddy boy." Bud is regularly displaced from his own apartment - often catering the liquor and cheese crackers for the higher-ranking male employees in exchange for the promise of advancement. The way you're beltin' that stuff, you must have a pair of cast-iron kidneys....As a matter of fact, you must be an iron man all around. From what I hear through the walls, you got somethin' goin' for ya every night...Sometimes, there's a twi-night double-header. (He clucks his tongue) A nebbish like you!...You know, Baxter, I'm doing some research at the Columbia Medical Center and I wonder if you could do us a favor?...When you make out your will, and the way you're going, you should, would you mind leaving your body to the University?...(Shaking his finger) Slow down, kid. Because he has missed his own dinner, he must make do with a frozen chicken TV dinner, which he washes down with a bottle of Coke in front of the TV in the living room - the only programming on his picture set is old movies "from the world's greatest library of film classics" with "Greta Garbo, John Barrymore, Joan Crawford, Wallace Beery, and Lionel Barrymore in Grand Hotel" - a tongue-in-cheek parallel to the many comings and goings of the temporary 'hotel' guests in his own apartment. Changing the channel, he finds only shoot-em-up Westerns, so he returns to the original classic film station, only to be put off a second time with more sponsor commercials. As Bud settles down to sleep around eleven p.m. after taking a sleeping pill, he is stirred by an obnoxious phone call from another office associate in Administration (whose office is located in a glass-enclosed cubicle on the 21st floor), Mr. Dobisch (Ray Walston) - he is phoning from a bar on 61st Street with a blonde who "looks like Marilyn Monroe" [a not-so-subtle critique of Wilder's difficult star performer in Some Like It Hot (1959)] with a late-night request to borrow the apartment for forty-five minutes - the bargain is sweetened up with another deal and hint of promotion: "Look Baxter, we're making out the monthly efficiency rating, and I'm putting you in the top ten. Now you don't want to louse yourself up, do you?" Resigned to his predicament, Bud pliably accepts the offer, puts his trousers on over his pajamas, dons a raincoat, impales a note reading "NOT TOO LOUD! THE NEIGHBORS ARE COMPLAINING" on the phonograph spindle, and vacates the apartment into the rain. When Dobisch arrives with his blonde date and stinger cocktails in hand, Bud hides and overhears the threat that he'll be "out of a job" if he "squawks," so he plods over to Central Park and sits sleepily on a deserted, damp park bench. Fran: I never catch colds. Bud: I was reading some figures from the Sickness and Accident Claims Division - do you know that the average New Yorker between the ages of twenty and fifty has two and a half colds a year? Fran: That makes me feel just terrible. Fran: Well, to make the figures come out even, if I have no colds a year, some poor slob must have five colds a year. Fran: You should have stayed in bed this morning. Bud: I should have stayed in bed last night. Kirkeby is surprised that he has had no success in "a tumble - datewise" with Miss Kubelik: "A lot of guys around here have tried it - all kinds of approaches - no dice. What is she trying to prove?" Bud sympathetically defends her: "Could be she's just a nice, respectable girl - there are millions of them." The deathly-ill office fall-guy has suffered through another personally-inconvenient evening - Dobisch left the executive wash room key under Bud's door mat rather than the apartment key - and he had to wake the landlady at four in the morning to gain entrance to his own home. Coughing and feeling his feverishly-warm forehead, Bud takes his temperature with a thermometer, and realizes how sick he really is. Premium-wise and billing-wise, we are eighteen percent ahead of last year, October-wise. Kirkeby: Hello, Baxter? It's OK for Thursday. Bud: Thank you, Mr. Kirkeby. (He dials) Mr. Eichelberger? It's OK for Friday. (He dials again) Mr. Vanderhof? OK for Wednesday. And drive carefully. You're carrying precious cargo - I mean manpower-wise...I am in the top ten, efficiency-wise, and this may be the day, promotion-wise. To wish him good luck because he's a "nicer guy" compared to the other characters she transports ("Something happens to men in elevators. Must be the change of altitude - the blood rushes to their head or something - boy I could tell you stories..."), she offers him the white carnation from her lapel, and puts it in his buttonhole. Tell me Baxter, just what is it that makes you so popular?...Just what kind of a joint are you running?...There's a certain key floating around the office - from Kirkeby to Vanderhof to Eichelberger to Dobisch - it's the key to a certain apartment - and you know who that apartment belongs to?...Loyal, resourceful, cooperative C.C. Baxter. Sheldrake: How many charter members are there in this little club of yours?....Four rotten apples, no matter how large the barrel, you realize if this ever leaked out. Bud: It won't. Believe me. Never again. Nobody is going to use my apartment from now on. In a phone conversation with his wife, Sheldrake mentions that he will be 'entertaining' the branch manager from Kansas City that evening. Corruptly and callously, Sheldrake offers Bud two tickets to see the stage production of The Music Man: "I'm not just giving these tickets. I want to swap them." Without answering Bud's question: "Swap them? For what?", Sheldrake replies: "It also says here that you are alert, astute, and quite imaginative." The vulgar, womanizing boss will be cheating on his wife, and the two theater tickets are in exchange for the right to use Bud's apartment with 'the branch manager'. When it suddenly dawns on Bud what is being implied and he's promised that he will be considered as "executive material" during a shift in personnel, he nervously complies by fishing out his valued apartment key. He shakily begins to write down the address of his apartment - using his thermometer instead of his fountain pen - it is agreed that this will be their "little secret." Bud suddenly has no ethical, moral, or statistical qualms: "Four apples, five apples, what's the difference, percentage-wise?" Bud: I know when you were born - and where. I know all sorts of things about you...A couple of months ago, I looked up your card in the group insurance file...I know your height, your weight, and your Social Security number. You had mumps, and had measles, and you had your appendix out. Fran: Don't mention the appendix to the fellows in the office, OK? I wouldn't want 'em to get the wrong idea about how you found out.
0.989969	A startup founder explains how he knew when it was time to stop communicating every single change with everyone on staff. Perhaps the CEO’s most important operational responsibility is designing and implementing the communication architecture for her company. Buffer has recently grown to more than 50 people during our fastest two months of growth ever. I’ve found that a lot changes when you grow to this size and any time the team grows quickly. There are a bunch of challenges, and it’s also invigorating. It might be the most exciting and toughest phase of building the company so far. Since I’m learning insights from all the different teams, I see patterns across multiple areas of the company. This leads me to ideas for making changes that could make the whole company more effective. That’s where the danger comes in. Here’s how I’m striving to lead effectively during this time of change. Something we’ve naturally needed to do as we go through this growth is to think about the communication architecture of the company. It’s no longer efficient for the whole company to know about and think about every change we’re making. What this has meant in our case is thinking about my role as cofounder and CEO, and the role of people who have experience. It’s no longer efficient for the whole company to know about and think about every change we’re making. We’ve formed smaller teams so that they can work autonomously on a specific part of the company without needing to know everything about all other parts of the business. Part of creating the communication architecture is to be aware of and embrace people on the team becoming leaders, and then to have regular conversations with these people to share my thoughts. Our product and engineering team consists of 20 people. There’s no way I can speak with all 20 people regularly enough to share all the insights and advice I have. Therefore, I need to speak primarily with a few people in order to get the context in a more effective way. The result is that I naturally end up with a unique picture of the whole company, since I’m learning from all the different teams at once. I’m in one of the best positions to notice and implement changes to how we work, but far enough removed that I might miss some context about how my ideas could have negative implications. Create context: I try to have the communication architecture in place to put me in the best position to understand a lot of the context, and to notice patterns between challenges in different areas. Reflect: I aim to identify those challenges and spend enough time reflecting on them in a way that others might not have the viewpoint or time to do. Stop short of solving: Once I find myself beginning to move towards a solution for any challenge, I stop myself before giving any instructions. Share with others: I then speak with those who will be affected by any potential changes to solve the challenge I’ve found. When I do this, I try to share all the context I can, without proposing a solution for the issue at hand. Keep an open mind: Sometimes I may have a hint of a solution in mind, but I try to remain open to the different ones that I can only learn from speaking with others. The upshot of this method is that I’m often not even the one who comes up with solutions, and the changes we make are more fully embraced as a result. It’s really hard to do this, and I often fail. It also takes longer. But my belief is that this approach is the best long-term choice. The difference between sharing changes with no context and sharing context with no change is night and day. We’ve always taken the path with Buffer that leads to us all feeling happiest with our work. We also try to take the approach that leads to the most honesty and openness between all team members. As we grow, if we start to enforce changes without sharing the “why,” we’re eventually going to incur a debt in our culture and see some adverse side effects from that choice. If we instead share the challenges we’ve uncovered, get the right advice in order to see the full context, then make changes we all agree on, we’re going to have the best chance of creating a culture of trust, honesty, and joy.
0.999999	The World Bank approved in 2014 a plan to study the Ayeyarwady river, the main river in Myanmar, in order to develop the area. Local communities fear that the plan will bring new development projects that will affect their livelihoods. The Irrawaddy river, locally known in Myanmar as the Ayeyarwady, is often described as Myanmar's backbone. It originates in the northern region of Kachin and flows through the central area splitting the country into two parts, until it empties through the Irrawaddy Delta into the Indian Ocean. It is the country's largest river and the most important commercial waterway. Traditionally, the Irrawaddy river has been central to Myanmar's economy. After the political and economic opening of the country started in 2011, the Irrawaddy has gained new investment interest. Nevertheless, the management of the river is still far from being systematized and comprehensive. In December 2014, the World Bank approved a USD100 million loan to implement a research and development program for the Irrawaddy basin under the name of Ayeyawaddy Integrated River Basin Management (AIRBM) . The program aims at collecting information about the Irrawaddy for future development. Thus, according to the Myanmar Times, the government has pledged that “natural resource conservation together with development, priority areas for investment, environmental impact assessment, social impact assessment and opinions of the residents will be taken into account ”. While NGOs recognize the importance of having enough data for a better management of the river , environmental groups have raised concerns about the use that will be given to the data collected and the impacts of the new activities on the river . The government has already started implementing a 'Navigation Enhancement Plan' from Mandalay to Nyaung-U that will feature navigation enhancements and that will include the construction of retaining walls and concrete barriers for the riverbed and digging sandbanks, among others. The data might also be used for the development of hydropower projects, mainly in the upper part of the river, and for the development of other controversial projects, such as the Amarapura Urban Development Project. Environmentalists have also rejected the designation of the Irrawaddy River as an “international river,”, included in the project, saying the trans-border status could invite undue influence on the river by neighboring countries . The project is expected to end in September 2020 . The International Centre for Environmental Management (Australia) has been appointed as consultant for the project. Why? Explain briefly. The project is still at an early stage and local NGOs are just starting mobilizing. ICEM. 2017. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for Subproject 1, Draft Scoping Report for ESIA/ESMP. Prepared for DWIR and the WB. Hanoi.
0.986761	Paper crafts are a wonderful way to have fun with friends and children, make an original gift, and simply improve the fine motor skills of hands. Origami birds are created most often, since their schemes for beginners are most understandable, and the resulting product is quite original and presentable. How to make a bird in the technique of origami? The most active in the technique of origami is cranes, swans or pigeons. Owls, gulls and other representatives of the fauna are less popular, and more often because of the complexity of working with them. Of course, there are a lot of schemes for each of the birds: they differ in the required level of training and in the general form of the figure. All of them imply the presence of colored or plain paper, which will not be torn from too frequent manipulations at a specific point, but will also be easily deformed. In addition, it is often necessary to resort to using a simple pencil, ruler, protractor and scissors. However, in some algorithms, these devices may not be needed. Paper swan is the easiest to do. You can often notice such a bird as an element of table setting when large napkins are put in this way, placing them on an empty dish. For manufacturing, a large sheet of square-shaped paper is required, on which the center line is marked, and side corners are tucked into it. The figure resembles an elongated rhombus. In the triangles that made up its long part, internal angles are bent away, and the figure in the middle vertical folds in half again. The sharpest angle (lying at the base) bends diagonally so that this part forms a perpendicular to the base, and its tip is guided by a new hem outward to the side. The head and neck of the swan are ready. The tail is enough to bend the accordion twice in parallel diagonals, and the origami has been completed with this bird. Dove is a symbol of peace and the most simple origami bird. Certainly, there are a lot of schemes for it, and beginners are offered to use the one that includes only 7 steps. You need to stock up with colored paper, cutting a square of 20 from it by 20 or slightly larger, so as not to cause any special difficulties in addition. At the initial stage, you will need to place it in front of you like a rhombus, and then bend all the edges inwards, combining the vertices in the center. It should be a square envelope. Now the bottom corners of the figure turn up to the center line and bend, turning the square into a pentagon. After that, along the same median vertical, it folds and the paper turns. The widest side of it looks up, the sharp angle - to the left, the diagonal goes down. At this step, the acute angle is bent, which will become the pigeon's beak: it is advisable to stick to a diagonal of 45 degrees. However, it should be understood that it does not go back or forward, but folds inward, between the paper halves. And the top line now arches the other way around. Further scissors will be needed: at an angle of 45 degrees, an incision-diagonal is made at the lower right angle. If it is difficult to determine its length by eye, it is possible to find the middle at the right side of the figure, draw a line along its base along it, and the intersection point of this line with a diagonal from a right angle will become the place where the cut is completed. The left side of it bends outward, forming a pigeon's wing: this must be done on both sides. The right one remains down: this is the tail of the bird, with which one more manipulation is necessary. From the acute angle to the upper base, put a diagonal, measuring the angle of 20 degrees, and then, along this line, bend inside the edge of the figure. This is where the origami dove paper creation is completed. You can use another scheme of the same bird, which already includes 11 steps, but to someone performed it may seem simpler than the previous one. A sheet of paper is selected with the same parameters, and is also located in the projection of the diamond, after which it is folded in a vertical line in half and straightened back. Then the side parts must be tuck to the same middle, combining them with edges, and the top bend back. The next step is the basting of the lines: the side angles of the resulting triangle are folded to the middle and straightened, then each of them is curved outward, but only on the front side, so that the untouched vertex remains. She at the final stage will be the head of a pigeon. The lower ends of the side limbs need to be removed inside, the angle at which this is done, the minimum is taken - 7-10 degrees. After that, in the middle vertical, the figure is formed by moving from itself: i.e. those parties that were in your field of vision should remain visible, being external. Then the product turns to the median line, along which it was bent, looked diagonally upward: this is the back of the bird. It remains only to bend inside the head - the top corner, and fold the tail. The latter is reproduced as follows: first, the part bends and straightens along the line close to the base, then along the line that is 0.5-1 cm (depending on the initial paper size) to the right of it. Now, thanks to the outlined lines, it is easy to bend the last finger with a finger so that it disappears inside the bird. Simple dove origami ready. There are legends and songs about the bird of happiness, and for sure many at least once were interested in how it looks. However, its appearance is different in the presentation of each nation: in particular, in Japan, the bird of happiness is called the crane. In this East Asian country there is a belief that 1000 of these origami birds are able to fulfill even the most unrealizable, but sacred desire. Of course, this is only a beautiful fairy tale, but perhaps, by the time when the 1000th crane springs from under its arms, would your old dream come true? To create such a bird, you will need paper, preferably colored on both sides. Sheet sizes are preferred to 18 to 18 or 24 to 24, since with smaller parameters it becomes more difficult to work out every detail if there is no significant experience in origami. And the last nuance that is important to consider when choosing a paper is the degree of its softness and strength. Often you have to bend and straighten one line several times, after which some materials begin to tear at this place, which reduces the result to "no." According to the classical scheme of the bird of happiness, origami, the square is laid so as to resemble a rhombus, after which it is folded in half twice and laid out back, each time forming a rectangle. Such a move allowed us to outline auxiliary lines. Now you need to turn the paper and start to bend again, but already along the diagonals of the rhombus, each time getting triangles. This created the last auxiliary lines. The sheet turns over again, and then it is necessary to press on its center with a finger, raising all the corners up and combining them: i.e. the paper "embraces" the finger, which is immediately removed. The paper standing on the surface with its base in the plane is the same square, but in the diamond projection. It should be turned over so that the "deaf" angle, which is the base on which it was pressed, is at the top, and the divergent ones look down. The new stage - the sides of the diamond must be bent inward, aligning it with the edges along the center line. Then they unbend back. The same must be done for the upper "blind" corner: lower it down and straighten it again. Basting lines are ready. The most interesting and important point: the lower edge of the upper layer should be pulled, lifting it, as a result of which folds should be created along the lines put before and a hollow not fully closed rhomb should be formed. The same actions are performed for the opposite (back) side. Now outwardly, the figure resembles 2 elongated rhombus combined with a single base. Continuing to hold it in this position, the sides should be folded inward again, toward the middle line: this is done separately for each rhombus, and in no case can they be combined at this stage. Then it is important to bend each of the parts to the bottom upwards and spread to the sides no more than 45 degrees, then straighten again. According to the obtained lines, the ends of the rhombus will again need to be bent, but already inward, and from either side the tip itself will also be bent 45 degrees - this will be the head of the bird. The final step is the lowering of the "wings", i.e. the upper ends of the rhombus, as well as the flattening of the central "hump". Japanese bird of happiness is ready to fly for a dream! When you have fully mastered these schemes, you can go to more complex versions of the firebird, the original owl, etc. The number of algorithms for creating origami birds has exceeded 100, so you will definitely find an idea for yourself.
0.96547	What is Cordyceps? Ref. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyceps ? Dong Chung Ha Cho 'Cordyceps' The name of Dong Chung Ha Cho (meaning an insect in winter and grass in summer, translated in English word ‘Cordyceps’) is derived from fungi, which invade insects’ body and remain there during winter and come out like grass in summer.
0.99994	Financing or refinancing a residential property boils down to one fundamental question: What is it worth? It’s a simple question that is complicated to address because the answer is based on a variety of factors. The two most important factors are the value of comparable properties and the general condition of the property. Determining these two items can be a lengthy and contentious process, based largely on subjective criteria that often create discrepancies and differences of opinion between the borrower, the lender and the appraiser. A multitude of questions must be answered to accurately assess the true value of a property. Are the comps current and accurate, providing an apples-to-apples comparison? Does a property require maintenance or repairs? If so, what impact will that have on the value? What will those repairs cost, and how long will they take? Will repairs delay the closing? Has there been any structural damage to the property and has that been corrected properly? Is that sawdust around the doorframe a sign of fresh termite infestation or residual debris from a problem fixed years ago? Any disagreement on the answers to the above questions can add weeks or even months to the mortgage-approval process. A recent survey by the National Association of Realtors noted that problems with inspections and appraisals cause more than a third of all closing delays. The problem is not with the lenders or borrowers, or even the professionals collecting and analyzing inspection information. Often, the problem is how the data gets collected, collated and shared. Typically the starting point is a pen-and-paper process, occasionally supplemented with photos. Once that information has been collected, it is either maintained and shared in its paper form, or must be manually entered into computer spreadsheets. This is a time-consuming, inefficient, inconsistent and poorly structured process that makes sharing and comparing data difficult. Tim Li, chief information officer of RealityMogul.com, once observed, “The name of the game is gaining access to data and analytics and using it to make real estate-related transactions faster, better and cheaper.” That is difficult to do, however, when the process relies on manual tools. How can this process be moved into the 21st century, ensuring that property data is captured in a manner that’s uniform, shareable and searchable? The first step is moving it off the clipboard and onto a modern device like a tablet or smartphone. These devices are ubiquitous and make collecting, storing and sharing inspection information fast, efficient and consistent. Extensive, customizable forms. Any modern solution should include an exhaustive selection of inspection forms that are fully customizable to meet each mortgage company’s requirements and cover the key criteria for a property inspection prior to mortgage approval. The forms should allow companies to set property type (single-family home, condo, townhouse); general conditions; finishes and fixtures; and manufacturers and other options for interiors, exteriors, amenities and landscaping. These forms also should allow the users to choose input features like checkboxes, radio buttons and drop-down menus for rating asset attributes, as well as customizable rating labels, values, symbols and colors, and the ability to add a score or cost for each item or attribute inspected. Fully functional offline. It would be nice if we had reliable internet connectivity wherever we went. Yes, it would be nice, but we don’t. So no solution for taking inspections into the digital age should be built on the assumption that any property to be inspected will have a fast, reliable cellular or WiFi connection. That means the application should operate offline and be fully native on a variety of standard mobile devices using the iOS or Android operating systems. Then, when the inspector returns to the office, the application should automatically connect, sync and share the information digitally. Inline photos and comments. “A picture is worth a thousand words” is not merely an expression when it comes to documenting actual property conditions during an inspection. Photographic evidence is fundamental to resolving disagreements and disputes. How big is that crack in the foundation? Well, here’s a photo of it right in the record, showing the crack with a yardstick next to it. Digitizing this information visually also means no more printing and stapling photos to paper forms, or uploading them from a digital camera or camera phone. Digital photos should be integral to the inspection app. They also should be time-stamped and dated and incorporated in the inspection report along with detailed comments from the inspector. Common terms. Providing consistent inspection reports in a timely fashion requires standardization of the data collected. That means different inspectors working for the same mortgage company need to use the same terms and descriptions. Otherwise you end up with the Tower of Babel, with reports filled with inconsistent, unintelligible and unsearchable data. If one inspector calls a small bathroom a “half-bath,” but the next describes it as a “powder room” and a third says it’s a “water closet,” that makes searching the data problematic. How can one property be compared against another to determine relative value if the same attributes are described inconsistently? Any inspection solution should include standardized comments and terms, as defined by the mortgage company. These terms also should be selectable by menu to ensure the uniformity and consistency necessary to search and analyze the data. Applying these guidelines to the adoption of technology for modernizing inspections will have immediate benefits. These include greater consistency in the reporting process, faster and easier collection and sharing of inspection information, faster dispute resolution and, ultimately, a shorter financing-approval process that satisfies both lenders and borrowers. More broadly, if lenders and mortgage companies have access to uniform data across hundreds and even thousands of inspections, they can begin to apply deeper data analytics that will allow them to gain keen insights for improving their overall business processes and making better lending decisions. In addition, they may identify an ongoing and consistent set of problems with certain properties or locations, allowing them to avoid approving risky loans. The benefits of modernizing the property-inspection process are clear, and the tools for doing it exist today. The fundamental question is not whether mortgage professionals should adopt these new technologies. Instead, we should be asking why they haven’t done so already.
0.991114	The best way to recycle a peanuts can! First step: Clean the can throughly. Using water to clean out the inside and drying the can off with paper towels. Second step: Poke a hole in the middle of the bottom of the can with scissors. The hole should be large enough for a rubber band to pass through easily. Third step: Push one end of the rubber band through the hole in the bottom of the can. Fourth step: Hook the rubber band around a paper clip on the outside of the bottom, then tightly pull the rubber band from inside the can. Then tape it against the can. Fifth step: Poke a hole similar to the one on the bottom, to the top of the lid. Sixth step: Reach for the rubber band that is inside the can. Add washer onto the rubber band from inside the can. Slide washer to the bottom of the can. Seventh step: From inside the can, tape the washer to the bottom of the can. Eighth step: Feed the rubber band through the hole in the lid, so it extends outside the opposite side of the taped down paper clip. Ninth step: Take the rubber band and feed it through the other washer then the bead. tenth step: Extend the rubber band through the bead and slide a pencil/pen through the rubber band so the pencil/pen is pressing the bead against the can. The pencil will not allow the rubber band to fall back into the can. Step 12: Wind It Up! Eleventh step: Wind up the pencil/pen as much as you want. Note: If the pencil/pen is wounded up too much the rubber band will rip and break. Step 13: Let It Roll! Twelfth step: Place the can on the ground and watch it roll!
0.999996	I want to study the composition techniques used in following drawings found from a Google search. What should I look for in Google to read about this drawing pattern/technique? I would classify these images as line art. With line art you will see clear lines defining forms and shapes, and sometimes where color and light would be, but the color and shading won't be there. Definition is enhanced in compositions such as the ones posted by varying the line weight and and stroke. The thicker lines make parts stand out, and also help define depth. Since the line weights vary in these examples, they may have been drawn using some type of ink (presuming they weren't digitally produced). Pen and marker tips allow for more variation in line weight than a typical pencil, although it's possible to sharpen a pencil in such away to allow for more variation. Line art itself isn't going to be subject to less rules of composition than other 2D visual arts. An understanding of composition in general is going to be helpful, although outside the scope of this answer. However, certain techniques or media may be more helpful to practice with, if the end goal is this type of art: Drawing in general, inking or other practice to help with line weights, and making clean lines. A basic foundation in compositional concepts will apply to all types of art, from scrape-booking to sculpture and architecture. It would seem to be especially valuable when a drawing has so many elements as these do. Without compositional aides, a drawing could become a confusing visual blur or a flat pattern. Decide what elements you want to focus on - the main idea. There can also be secondary foci, so that your eye moves across a drawing. In the lower drawing, with the birds and butterflies, romanticized flight/wings seem to be the theme here. The top butterfly and bird seem to be focal points along with the bottom butterfly. The groupings balance each other, giving weight and focus to both the top and bottom of the drawing, in spite of the fancifully airy nature of the drawing. Techniques that add dimensional depth are clearly seen here. Perspective makes it appear as though the elements are spiraling downwards away from us and disappearing towards the center of the page. Perspective is summoned in several ways: overlapping, line weight, and the paleness of the more "distant" objects. When objects overlap, even in a drawing, our brains interpret the partially blocked objects as being behind the others and therefore, farther away. For example, on the outer edge of the drawing, rhododendron-like flowers overlap the vines. This makes the flowers pop towards us while in the center, one bird overlaps another. The line weights vary across the drawing. Darker lines do two things here - they denote object boundaries in space and denote atmospheric perspective. Where a line marks the boundary between an object and open space, it's darker, like in the body outline of the upper right bird. Lines on the bird's body that relate detail, but are not free-standing in space, were given a lighter weight, as in the feathers. When you observe a panoramic landscape, you see that the lines (and colors) that are closer to you have more weight and vibrancy, while as space recedes, the lines and colors become less vibrant, more pale, and more greyed-out. This is called atmospheric perspective. Compare the heavy lies of those rhododendron-like flowers that pop out towards us with the soft, thin lines of the terminal tip of the vine at the center of the drawing. That tip fades into the distance, contributing to an impression of depth in the drawing. Proportion also aides the impression of depth. Unfortunately, it's less obvious here. Two similar objects (species of bird, flower, or butterfly) should be about the same size unless one is "farther away" to it's twin. The only object that really does that here is the spiraling vine. Along the outer edge of the drawing, the vines are drawn with more line weight showing the boundary between solid and space, that they are closer to us than the terminal tip in the center is, and the diameter of those vines are proportionally thicker at the outer edge than those tender terminals that seem farther away. This link provides a brief discussion of common compositional concepts: "Drawing for Dummies" Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged drawing technique-identification or ask your own question. What's the difference between drawing paper and regular paper? What are the composition guidelines to be followed in line art of type Mehndi designs? What are the key disciplines of realistic drawing?
0.947369	How many additional bus passengers were carried during the tube strike in comparison to the same period a week earlier? On Wednesday 5 February 2014, London Buses carried 750,000 more passengers than on the previous Wednesday, an increase of 10 per cent. On Thursday 6 February 2014, London Buses carried 500,000 more passengers than on the previous Thursday, an increase of 7 per cent.
0.910133	In New York, the investigative reporter Rowena Price (Halle Berry) sees her scoop about a gay senator spiked by her editor. She quits her job in the newspaper and meets with her childhood friend Grace by chance in the subway. Grace tells Rowena that she had just been dumped by the powerful and wealthy owner of the greatest New Yorker advertising agency, Harrison Hill (Bruce Willis), and she was threatening to tell his wife about their affair. When Grace is found dead, Harrison becomes Rowena's prime suspect. With the support of her hacker friend and former colleague Miles Haley, Ro is hired for a temporary work in Harrison's agency to get close to the executive and investigate his life. Rowena Price's Apartment, 2109 Broadway and West 73rd Street, Manhattan. Hill Enterprises, Barclay Street, Financial District, Manhattan. 7 World Trade Center is a building in New York City located across from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan. The name "7 World Trade Center" has referred to two buildings: the original structure, completed in 1987, and the current structure. The original building was destroyed on September 11, 2001, and replaced with the new 7 World Trade Center, which opened in 2006. Both buildings were developed by Larry Silverstein, who holds a ground lease for the site from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The original 7 World Trade Center was 47 stories tall, clad in red exterior masonry, and occupied a trapezoidal footprint. An elevated walkway connected the building to the World Trade Center plaza. The building was situated above a Consolidated Edison (Con Ed) power substation, which imposed unique structural design constraints. When the building opened in 1987, Silverstein had difficulties attracting tenants. In 1988, Salomon Brothers signed a long-term lease, and became the main tenants of the building. On September 11, 2001, 7 WTC was damaged by debris when the nearby North Tower of the WTC collapsed. The debris also ignited fires, which continued to burn throughout the afternoon on lower floors of the building. The building's internal fire suppression system lacked water pressure to fight the fires, and the building collapsed completely at 5:21:10 p.m.. The collapse began when a critical column on the 13th floor buckled and triggered structural failure throughout, causing at first the crumble of the east mechanical penthouse at 5:20:33 p.m. The new 7 World Trade Center construction began in 2002 and was completed in 2006. It is 52 stories tall and still situated above the Con Ed power substation. Built on a smaller footprint than the original to allow Greenwich Street to be restored from TriBeCa through the World Trade Center site and south to Battery Park, the new building is bounded by Greenwich, Vesey, Washington, and Barclay streets. A small park across Greenwich Street occupies space that was part of the original building's footprint. The current 7 World Trade Center's design places emphasis on safety, with a reinforced concrete core, wider stairways, and thicker fireproofing of steel columns. It also incorporates numerous environmentally friendly features. The Hotel Gansevoort, 18 9th Avenue and Gansevoort Street, Manhattan. Cipriani, 110 East 42nd Street (btw Lexington and Park Avenues) Manhattan. Chumley’s, 86 Bedford Street and Barrow Street, Manhattan. Chumley's closed because of a chimney collapse. Chumley's was established in 1926 by the socialist activist Leland Stanford Chumley, who converted a former blacksmith's shop near the corner of Bedford and Barrow Streets into the Prohibition-era drinking establishment. The speakeasy became a favorite spot for influential writers, poets, journalists, and activists, including members of the Lost Generation and the Beat Generation movements. A number of qualities remain from Chumley's Prohibition history. Notably, the Barrow Street entrance has no exterior sign, being located at the end of a nondescript courtyard ("The Garden Door"), while the Bedford Street entrance, which opens to the sidewalk, is also unmarked. Inside, Chumley's is still equipped with the trap doors and secret stairs that comprised part of its elaborate subterfuge. The term "86" originated when an unruly guest was escorted out the Bedford St. door, which held the address "86 Bedford St." A plaque at the tavern, dated September 22, 2000, and placed by Friends of Libraries USA, stated that Chumley's has been placed on a Literary Landmarks Register and goes on to describe Chumley's as: A celebrated haven frequented by poets, novelists and playwrights, who helped define twentieth century American literature. These writers include Willa Cather, E.E. Cummings, Theodore Dreiser, William Faulkner, Ring Lardner, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Eugene O'Neill, John Dos Passos, and John Steinbeck.. Posted on the walls of Chumley's were the covers of books supposedly worked on there. Because of its historical significance, Chumley's is a stopping-place for various literary tours. Chumley's has been closed since the chimney in its dining room collapsed on April 5, 2007. Promises to reopen have been made repeatedly, but progress in its reconstruction has been sporadic, and as of April 2011, work remained unfinished. Subway Station (Sheridan Square) Christopher Street and 7th Avenue, Manhattan. Coler-Goldwater Memorial Hospital, 1 Main Street, Roosevelt Island.
0.957197	Determining the rate of variability in the light emitted by material being swallowed by supermassive black holes. Scientists at the Universidad de Chile have determined that the rate of variability in the light emitted by the material being swallowed by supermassive black holes in nuclei of active galaxies. This suggests the accretion rate of black holes that is, how much matter they are eating. Scientists studied how the amplitude of this variety in the emitted light (or in straightforward words, the amplitude of the variability) is connected, with the normal luminosity transmitted by the AGN, the mass of the supermassive black hole, and the AGN accretion rate. The outcomes suggest that contrary to what was believed, the only important physical property to explain the amplitude of the variability is the AGN accretion rate. The study determined that there is only one physical property that could predict the variability of these objects: the accretion rate. The information utilized in this work originates from two sources. For the variability investigation, they utilized information from the QUEST-La Silla AGN Variability Survey (driven by Paulina Lira), which was carried out in the range of 2010 and 2015, observing 5 extragalactic fields. For the investigation of the physical properties of the AGN, they utilized open ghostly information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
0.999998	Q. How is social network analysis used in studies of open source? A. Social network analysis (SNA) can be used to study online communities, including free/libre open source software (F/LOSS) developer teams. SNA techniques provide insight into these communities and enable researchers to make predictions based on these insights. They can be used to model the nature and patterns of interactions that can be used as a predictor of group behaviour, trust, knowledge generation, and information diffusion (Crowston et al., 2010). SNA can also be used make predictions about other kinds of networks other than pure social networks, such as networks based on relationships between code artifacts. In this article, we answer the question of how SNA has been used to study open source. We begin by describing social networks and how they can be deconstructed to examine the relationships between entities within them. Next, we discuss social networks within F/LOSS communities and describe how SNA gives insights into the various actors and groups acting within networks. Finally, we provide an overview of common SNA measures used to study open source, including examples of how they have been used to provide insights about F/LOSS communities. A social network is made up of individuals or organizations who are linked. It can be viewed as a network of nodes and links, where the nodes are actors (such as individuals or organizations) and links represent some kind of connection between actors. This connection could represent a variety of ties, such as affiliation or membership in an organization, dependency, social relationships, information flow, or interactions (Crowston et al., 2010). All these types of ties can be represented in a single network, which can illustrated graphically. For example, Figure 1 shows developers and their relationship with multiple projects, where actors such as projects and developers are represented as nodes and developer interactions and affiliations with projects are represented as ties. *Adapted from Michael Weiss (2010, "SYSC5801: Open Source Business," Carleton University). In this example, developers are linked if they belong to the same project, and projects are linked if a developer works on both projects. Even with just two types of ties as shown in Figure 1 (i.e, developer-project relationships and project-project relationships), the network can quickly become difficult to analyze. The analysis is improved by modeling developer-developer ties and project-project ties as two different social networks, as shown in Figure 2. Projects P1 and P2 are related because developer D2 (from Figure 1) is involved with both projects. Similarly, developer D1 is related to developer D2 because they both work on project P1. Also, developer D2 and D3 are related because they work together on project P2. SNA examines the relationships between these actors, the characteristics of these relationships, and their impact on the actors. It provides a means to formalize social properties and processes by providing testable models of social concepts. SNA has been used for studying relationships between people, groups, organizations, and other social actors, including relationships within F/LOSS communities. F/LOSS communities exhibit properties of social networks in that they consist of actors who are linked by some interdependency. SNA techniques have been used by researchers to understand the dynamics of such communities. For example, Madey and colleagues (2004) studied almost 60,000 F/LOSS projects hosted by SourceForge and applied SNA measures to detect the presence of certain properties of social networks in the SourceForge developer community. They found that the SourceForge community showed properties of being a social network in that: i) it has hub actors, who are key to information flow within the network and also tie separate parts of the network together; and ii) it is a self-organizing system that forms "patterns of connectivity, that emerge from bottom up process based on local interactions." The use of SNA in open source is not limited to using people or projects as the actors in a network. Nguyen and colleagues (2010) modeled the Eclipse project as a dependency network of software packages and used various network analysis measures to predict post-release failures in Eclipse projects. Who are the information hubs within the network and who bridges different groups of clusters together? Who is important in the network and who has influence over the network? What is the level of activity in the network? Where in the network is there a need for improved communication? To answer these questions, identifying the types of actors is particularly important. Certain actors hold privileged positions within the network, which enables them to have greater influence over the network or earlier awareness of new information relative to other members of the network. For example, in a study of the spread of H1N1 virus, Christakis and Fowler (2010), found that, by monitoring the health of central actors (rather than the usual approach of monitoring a random sample from the population), health professionals could detect the spread of the virus up to 16 days earlier in central actors than in the general population. Identifying central actors will enable organizations involved in F/LOSS projects to react to changes within the community faster and more aptly. Another area where insights from SNA are important is organizational mergers. When organizations merge, challenges arise when combining the formal structures of operations. There is also an issue of merging distinct corporate cultures. Cultures are created, maintained, and shared through interactions between people in networks. Just after the merger, the new organization consists of two virtually separate social networks. If the social networks of the organization remain separate, so will their culture and the flow of communication between the people. Thus, efforts early on should be directed toward identifying central actors and combining the networks. To track the progress of the merger, snapshots of the organization-wide network should be taken at different points in time to measure the connectedness of the network and where gaps remain. 1. Betweenness centrality: this measure identifies information hubs within a network, which act to bridge or "glue together" different parts of a network that would otherwise be apart (Martinez-Romo et al., 2008). Madey and colleagues (2004) used betweenness centrality to study F/LOSS projects hosted on SourceForge. The study modeled the developer community as a collaborative network. The study demonstrated that “linchpin” or hub developers play a central role in linking fragmented developer communities in a F/LOSS community. Martinez-Romo and colleagues (2008) used betweenness centrality to measure positions of developer leadership in a study of company involvement in an open source project. They showed that actors with high values of betweenness centrality are on paths that provide opportunities to others, even if they are not directly connected to those benefiting from the opportunities. By identifying the leaders and information controllers in the network, the study was able to show that company employees held leadership positions with low degree of turnover. 2. Eigenvector centrality: this measure identifies positions of importance and influence within a network. In the study of company involvement in an open source project, Martinez-Romo and colleagues (2008) used this measure to identify developers of high influence. Nguyen and colleagues (2010) used eigenvector centrality as a component measure to identify post-release failures in the Eclipse project. The betweenness centrality and eigvenvector centrality identify different forms of leadership within a network. Betweenness centrality identifies information hubs; eigenvector centrality identifies nodes that have influence over the network. Martinez-Romo and colleagues (2008) showed that it is harder to gain positions of influence than become an information hub. 3. Coordination degree: this is a measure of the ability of a vertex to interchange information. It shows the ability of a node to receive information from the network and capture information about activity in a project (Martinez-Romo et al., 2008). Martinez-Romo and colleagues (2008) used coordination degree to measure the role of a company in an open source project. They found that periodic, time-based releases of code increased developer activity more than feature-based code releases. Using a slightly different measure, the average coordination degree, the study found phases in which the network structure was efficient and when it was not. Comparing that with levels of corporate involvement, the study showed that corporate involvement in F/LOSS projects lead to more efficient development, but only if both the company and the F/LOSS community cooperate in the development efforts. There was less activity when there was no corporate involvement or when the company choose not to engage the F/LOSS community. SNA provides a set of measures well suited to analyzing networks, including F/LOSS communities and other types of online networks. It allows researchers to visualize relationships within complex networks and provide insights into these communities. Very detailed study. Good work by the authors. Chulaka Ailapperuma is Senior Software Developer at Canada Border Services Agency and is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. Chulaka also holds a Computer Science degree from Carleton University. He has 14 years experience in the computer science industry, working as a consultant for various clients, mostly in government and the telecommunications industry. Senthilkumar Mukunda is a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University. He has over 4 years experience in Telecommunication and Railway Signaling Domain as embedded software developer. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical and Electronics from Anna University. Shruti Satsangi is a Wireless Engineer for Ericsson. She is also a graduate student in the Technology Innovation Management program at Carleton University, where she is researching coalition and competition within business ecosystems. She is a member of CU-Women in Science and Engineering, IEEE WiE, and the IEEE Communications Society.
0.942537	The Preakness Stakes was the richest stakes race for 3-year-olds in North America in 1921 and was Broomspun's sole moment of glory. He was never to have the chance to show that he could follow up on his Classic victory, for he was kicked at the post in his next start, the Carlton Stakes, and had to be humanely destroyed due to a broken shoulder. A bay colt; no further information available. Broomspun was bred and owned by Harry Payne Whitney. He was trained by James Rowe, Sr. Broomspun is inbred 4x5 to two-time American champion sire Bonnie Scotland, 4x5 to three-time English champion sire and 1875 Derby Stakes winner Galopin and 5x4 to four-time American champion sire Leamington. He is a full brother to 1921 Great American Stakes winner Broomster and to Forshala, dam of the minor stakes winner Hell Diver (by Peter Pan) and second dam of stakes winners Big Ben and Sleigh Run. Broomspun is also a half brother to Spy Glass (by Chicle), dam of multiple stakes winner Lynx Eye (by Wildair). Broomspun's dam Spun Glass is a half sister to 1905 Belmont Stakes winner Tanya (by Meddler), dam of Cuban stakes winner Attta Boy II (by Rabelais), and to 1905 Adirondack Handicap winner Tangle (by Meddler), second dam of three stakes winners including 1930 Queens County Handicap winner Kildare. Spun Glass is also a half sister to multiple stakes winner Nightstick (by Broomstick) and to Paradise II (by Adam), dam of 1921 Tremont Stakes winner Olympus (by Royal Eagle). Spun Glass and her siblings were produced from 1895 Tennessee Oaks winner Handspun (by Hanover), whose dam Spinaway (by Leamington) is the American champion 2-year-old filly of 1880 and the namesake for Saratoga's most important race for juvenile fillies. Spinaway also produced 1891 Tremont Stakes winner Spinalong (by Duke of Montrose) and 1895 Suburban Handicap winner Lazzarone (by Spendthrift). Broomspun is the fourth of six Preakness winners bred by Harry Payne Whitney. The others were Royal Tourist (1908), Buskin (1913), Holiday (1914), Bostonian (1927) and Victorian (1928). Broomspun's Preakness win was aided by a 12-pound weight allowance based on his moderate previous record. The Preakness continued to be run under allowance conditions until 1924, when the weights for the race were fixed at 126 pounds for colts and 121 pounds for fillies.
0.998912	Transformers: Dark of the Moon was a blockbuster movie and it inspired a video game adaptation published by Activision. The movie score once again featured awe-inspiring music from cinematic veteran Steve Jablonsky, but this time Activision decided not to adapt it for the video game adaptation. Instead, relative newcomer Jeff Broadbent created a new score for the game, topped off by the series’ main theme. After neglecting previous Transformers game scores, Activision decided to publish a digital soundtrack for Dark of the Moon. How does it compare to its movie soundtrack? It’s important to note that the production value of the game soundtrack isn’t as high as the movie’s soundtrack. While Activision generously funded orchestral performances on Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3, they reserved a much smaller budget for Transformers: Dark of the Moon and Jeff Broadbent mostly had to rely on samplers. Whereas the movie’s main theme sounds like a cutting-edge electro-orchestral centrepiece, the game’s main theme sounds more desperate and dated in its production. Broadbent maintains a high quality to many game scores, but rarely pushes the boundaries to offer particularly bold or unusual textures. Frankly, he sounds very constrained by his budget and most comparisons with the film soundtrack will be unflattering ones as a result. That said, Broadbent’s music almost always fits the tone of the franchise. Focusing back on the main theme, it’s exactly what a Transformers theme should be: a traditional anthem with striking strings and heroic brass. The main melody is actually adapted from the movie, but it has been considerably reworked to give a more focused and clean sound. When the vocals emerge at the end and the mood shifts somewhat, it is evident that Jeff Broadbent let the score flow according to his vision, rather than being restricted by what was already set. The main melody is also used triumphantly in “Multiplayer Theme”, where it is made more heroic with its brass focus. In fact, it is also similar to Brian Tyler’s version of the main theme that was used for Transformers Prime. The action themes of Transformers: Dark in the Moon are rich and energetic like their film counterparts. Tracks such as “Autobots the Protectors” capture the heroic Autobots with their grand and hopeful sounds, and comes closest to the supremacy of Jablonsky’s themes. In contrast, the destructive Decepticons are portrayed with loud and brutal cues including “Shockwave Battle”, while the melancholic vocals of “Dreadwind Assault” are particularly effective in capturing the human aspect of the robot conflict. There are also electro-orchestral hybrid scores here similar to what listeners have heard in the movies, for example “Bumblebee Cruising” and “Mirage in Transit”. While they capture the Transformers sound, they aren’t as deeply textured or richly sampled as Steve Jablonsky’s film tracks, focusing on retro electronic samples and bombastic drum beats instead. That said, there is some variety in the video game score beyond the action cues. The most outstanding exception is “Data Extraction”, a slow ambient mix of electronic percussion and haunting whispers. “Laserbeak Espionage” is another ambient track that focuses on mysterious electronic distortion, but it is let down by its brief length and derivative tendencies. The odd one out between the slow tracks is “Mission Briefing”, an 80 second cue that relies on bright rising orchestration rather than dark electronics. Indeed, despite the variety, the soundtrack does feel somewhat sparing with its playtime of 30 minutes and there was clearly room for more exploration of some of these electronic elements. Transformers fans are advised to listen to some samples before jumping on the bandwagon to get this soundtrack, as it’s not like its movie counterpart. The soundtrack features a striking main theme that emphasises the hybridised nature of the Transformers franchise, but otherwise features unmemorable action cues and electronic ambience. The dominant focus of the soundtrack — the action tracks — might get boring for some since they don’t have anything unique about them like the movie soundtrack. The electronic ambience isn’t explored enough and the short playtime of the individual cues and overall soundtrack is a major disadvantage. But despite its deficiencies, this soundtrack is definitely a fitting score to the game and does what is required. Activision should be commended for releasing it, and hopefully they will consider more releases dedicated to Transformers video games in the future, including Tyler Bates’ Transformers: War for Cybertron and the upcoming Transformers Universe.
0.96916	Ada Louise Huxtable was a renowned architecture critic that wrote many passionate articles fighting for the preservation of architecturally significant buildings in New York City. Ada Louise Huxtable, a renowned architecture critic, was born in New York City in 1921. She received an art degree from Hunter College and went on to study at the Institute of Fine Arts of New York University. She began working as the assistant curator of the Architecture and Design Department at the Museum of Modern Art, under Philip Johnson’s tenure, in 1946. In 1959, Huxtable authored her first book, a series of walking tours of modern New York buildings entitled Classic New York and Four Walking Tours of Modern Architecture in New York City. Aside from being a distinguished critic (she was awarded the first Pulitzer Prize for architectural criticism in 1970), Huxtable was also very involved in preservation advocacy.2 Between December 1961 and the passage of the New York City Landmarks Law in 1965, Huxtable wrote over 20 pro-preservation editorials that were invaluable in educating and exciting the public about historic preservation.3 She logged in on numerous preservation controversies, including the demolition of Pennsylvania Station, alterations to Grand Central Terminal, the preservation of Carnegie Hall, and the controversial redesign of 2 Columbus Circle. More recently, Huxtable was the architecture critic for The Wall Street Journal and published her last book—entitled On Architecture: Collected Reflections on a Century of Change—in 2008. Huxtable’s last published article condemned the proposed changes to the New York Public Library building at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street. Ada Louise Huxtable died on January 7, 2013. She was 91. Huxtable bequeathed her archives and estate to the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles. Ada Louise Huxtable wrote many passionate and engaging articles fighting for the preservation of architecturally significant buildings in New York City. Many were unsigned editorials written for The New York Times editorial board. Huxtable also advocated for landmarks legislation in New York City. Writing for the editorial board, she explained the basics of and advocated for the creation of the Landmarks Law.7 She explained that the landmarks commission worked on persuasion, and she asserted that this was not a legislative answer.8 She wrote: “Mayor Wagner signed a proclamation establishing 'American Landmarks Preservation Week in New York City' as part of a national and international program to protect landmarks that neither he nor the city has any power to protect."9 She made the public and government officials aware of the necessity for the Landmarks Law, which was eventually created in April 1965. Furthermore, she argued against the introduction of a $500,000 “sidewalk café” that Huntington Hartford wanted to construct in Central Park.12 She wrote persuasively about the need for parks in New York City, writing “Every Foot of the Park,” which appeared in The New York Times on April 19, 1960. The café proposal was turned down. She also opposed the introduction of a large veterans' memorial at the north end of Union Square Park, raising the important question, “Do private groups, no matter how worthy, have the right freely to propose and carry through public or quasi-public structures of this scale and importance?”13 The veterans' memorial structure was never built in Union Square Park. Huxtable continued to discuss historic preservation into her later life. She used the campaign to save 2 Columbus Circle to argue that an intransigent approach to preservation is not beneficial. “One wonders at what point New York's civic groups lost their vision, just when they decided nostalgia and trendy revisionism overrode a positive contribution to the city's cultural and architectural quality."14 This campaign in particular led Huxtable to write about what she considered to be the negative aspects of preservation. She pointed out the existence and problem of preservation for the sake of preservation. “There is a great deal more at stake than this one building. When preservation distorts history and reality in a campaign of surprising savagery, it signals an absence of standards and an abdication of judgment and responsibility. It has lost its meaning when we prefer a stagnant status quo."15 She fought against preserving the facade of 2 Columbus Circle: "Inspection has found the facade so badly deteriorated that it can't be saved; it would have to be rebuilt—a copy or reproduction would have to replace it."16 The campaign to save 2 Columbus Circle was ultimately unsuccessful. Anthony C. Wood, Preserving New York: Winning the Right to Protect a City’s Landmarks (New York: Routledge, 2008), page 265. Anthony C. Wood, Preserving New York: Winning the Right to Protect a City’s Landmarks (New York: Routledge, 2008), page 284. “Farewell to Penn Station,” The New York Times, 30 October 1963. “Landmark Legislation,” The New York Times, 3 December 1964. “Anything left to preserve?” The New York Times, 24 September 1964. “Saving Carnegie Hall,” The New York Times, 21 March 1960. “Every Foot of the Park,” The New York Times, 19 April 1960. “Atrocity at Union Square,” The New York Times, 29 June 1962. Ada Louise Huxtable, ” The Best Way to Preserve 2 Columbus Circle? A Makeover,”The Wall Street Journal, 7 January 2004.
0.999859	Drive the implementation of new Test Automation Strategy/Frameworks Primary duties: to create and implement a test automation framework and design and execute automated tests Secondary duties: coach other team members on test automation Agile: SCRUM, Kanban C...JOBSWORTH: £40,639 P.A.? To carry out both manual and automated testing to ensure applications developed for use by the business meet their requirements. Primary duties: create automated tests for new applications and system integrations to reduce the amount of manual testing required...JOBSWORTH: £29,545 P.A.?
0.999488	The Back to Bass Tour was a concert tour by English musician and singer-songwriter Sting. The tour's start coincided with the release of 25 Years and The Best of 25 Years, two compilation albums that commemorated the 25th anniversary of Sting's solo career. The tour was officially announced on 12 September 2011 via his official page. The first announcements concerned shows to be held in Northern America between October and December 2011. On 15 November 2011, the European dates were announced. That leg of the tour ended in March 2012, followed by four performances in Africa. Sting returned for the a summer tour to Northern America, playing seven shows in the beginning of June before heading back to Europe. He played several shows at festivals throughout June and July 2012. In June 2012, Sting announced a return to Europe in fall, playing shows predominately in France and Central Europe during November 2012. On 22 January 2013 it was announced that Sting would continue to tour as part of the Back to Bass Tour in the Summer of 2013, with various shows being announced for Europe and Northern America. The tour would commence at the end of May 2013 with a concert in Kelowna, Canada, after a 10-month break. Further announcements of dates were made all through February and March, some of them explicitly stating that "... additional cities [are] to be announced!". The final dates were announced on his official page on 18 April 2013, with a concert being held at the famous Montreux Jazz Festival. The 2013 Summer tour will have 40 stops in Northern America and Europe, and will be most likely the last leg of this tour. 28 November 2012 Beirut Lebanon B.I.E.L. A This concert was a part of "Helsinki Classic Festival" B This concert was a part of "Norwegian Wood Festival" C This concert was a part of "Bergen Calling Festival" D This concert was a part of "TW Classic Festival" E This concert was a part of "EDP CoolJazz Festival" F This concert was a part of "Ibiza 123 Festival" G This concert was a part of "Henley Festival" H This concert was a part of "Cognac Blues Festival" I This concert was a part of "Pause Guitare Festival" J This concert was a part of "Les Déferlantes Festival" K This concert was a part of "Umbria Jazz Festival" L This concert was a part of "Voix du Gaou Festival" M This concert was a part of "Paléo Festival" N This concert was a part of "Vieilles Charrues Festival" O This concert was a part of "Big Dance Concert Series" P This concert was a part of "Ravinia Festival" Q This concert was a part of "Life Festival" R This concert was a part of "Live at the Marquee Festival" S This concert was a part of "Main Square Festival" T This concert was a part of "Stavern Festival" U This concert was a part of "North Sea Jazz Festival" V This concert was a part of "Montreux Jazz Festival" W This concert was a part of "Jazz à Juan" X This concert was a part of "Live at Sunset Festival" Y This concert was a part of "Suikerrock Festival" ^ "Sting – BACK TO BASS – New Tour Announced!". sting.com. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ "Sting – Back To Bass – European Tour 2012!". sting.com. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ "Back To Bass Fall Tour 2012 – New European Performances Confirmed!". sting.com. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ "BACK TO BASS TOUR – NEW SUMMER 2013 DATES ANNOUNCED!". sting.com. 22 January 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ "Back To Bass Summer 2013 Tour – Concert in the Netherlands Announced..." sting.com. 30 January 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ a b "Back To Bass Summer 2013 Tour – Montreux Jazz Festival Now Confirmed..." sting.com. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013. ^ a b c d e "Back to Bass Tour : 2011/12". sting.com. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ a b "Summer : 2012". sting.com. Retrieved 31 January 2013. ^ a b c "Back To Bass : 2013". sting.com. Retrieved 3 February 2013. ^ Lee, Rachel (12 December 2012). "CJ threatens chokehold on concert industry". Korea Times. Retrieved 2 March 2013. ^ "Around Town". Korea Times. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2013. ^ a b "New Concert in Abu Dhabi Confirmed in March..." sting.com. 3 February 2013. ^ "Atlanta Performance Confirmed..." sting.com. 27 February 2013. ^ a b c "Dates In Italy Announced..." sting.com. 18 February 2013. ^ "Concert in Copenhagen Confirmed..." sting.com. 5 February 2013. ^ "Concert In Zurich Confirmed..." sting.com. 5 March 2013. ^ a b c d "Several Dates in Russia Confirmed..." sting.com. 7 February 2013. ^ "Concert In Belgium Confirmed..." sting.com. 18 February 2013. ^ "Concert in Bucharest Confirmed..." sting.com. 20 February 2013.
0.950103	What does it take to survive on an island in winter? For anyone who has actually tried such a hair-brained scheme, you know it’s all about the gear. The wind is ferocious at times off a frozen lake, there is no one around to help, and you never know how the weather will change.
0.999999	Context first: People, as a rule, are polite and they don't want to hurt your feelings. With that in mind, let's talk about how you can avoid making a serious mistake as you go about introducing your next (or first) product or service. As we have talked about before, I am not a big believer in market research. Three things happen while you are doing that research, and none of them are good. 1. No revenues are coming in. 2. Someone could beat you to the punch and introduce your great idea before you do. 3. The market is changing and as a result you could fall out of step. To use an extreme example to make the point, while you are planning how to make the world's best VCR, the market shifts to DVRs. And what is just as bad is what you could hear from potential customers, as you go about doing all that research, What they say can be extremely misleading. If you ask people if they like the product or service you are thinking of offering, odds are they are going to say “yes,” if for no other reason than to be kind. They know you have worked hard to come up with this idea, and even if they think the concept of a polo shirt with a three-quarter length sleeve is the dumbest thing they have ever heard of, most people aren't going to say that. They don't want you to feel bad. And besides, saying they like it doesn't cost them a thing. So, they tell you it is a good idea, or at least they say, "not bad" and you trundle off and start working on the concept comvinced you have gotten positive feedback. To guard against this problem, let me suggest this. Instead of saying, "do you like my idea" ask "is this something you would buy," and if they say yes, ask for the order then and there. If, as the cliché goes, they are willing to put their money where their mouth is, you are probably on to something. If they aren't, you still have work to do.
0.93304	For other uses, see Barrio (disambiguation). Barrio (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbarjo]) is a Spanish word meaning a quarter or neighbourhood. In Spain, several Latin American countries and the Philippines, the term is also used officially to denote a division of a municipality. In Argentina and Uruguay, a barrio is a division of a municipality officially delineated by the local authority at a later time, and it sometimes keeps a distinct character from others (as in the barrios of Buenos Aires even if they have been superseded by larger administrative divisions). The word does not have a special socioeconomic connotation unless it is used in contrast to the centro (city center or downtown). The expression barrio cerrado (translated "closed neighborhood") is employed for small, upper-class, residential settlements, planned with an exclusive criterion and often literally enclosed in walls (a kind of gated community). In Cuba, El Salvador and Spain, the term barrio is used officially to denote a subdivision of a municipio (or municipality); each barrio is subdivided into sectors. In Puerto Rico, the term barrio is used to denote a subdivision of a municipio and its lowest officially recognized administrative unit. A barrio in Puerto Rico is not vested with political authority. It may, or may not, be further subdivided into sectors, communities, urbanizaciones, or a combination of these, but such further subdivisions, though popular and common, are unofficial. The United States usage of the term barrio is also found in Venezuela and the Dominican Republic, where barrio is commonly given to slums in the outer rims of big cities such as Caracas and Santo Domingo as well as lower- and middle-class neighborhoods in other cities and towns. Well-known localities in the United States containing a sector called "Barrio" include Manhattan (Spanish Harlem), East Los Angeles, California; Second Ward, Houston, Texas, Chicago, Illinois, and Miami, Florida (Allapattah). Some of them are referred to as just "El Barrio" by the locals and nearby residents. Over the centuries, selectness in the Spanish Empire evolved as a mosaic of the various barrios, surrounding the central administrative areas. As they matured, the barrios functionally and symbolically reproduced the city and in some way tended to replicate it. The barrio reproduced the city through providing occupational, social, physical and spiritual space. With the emergence of an enlarged merchant class some barrios were able to support a wide range of economic levels. This led to new patterns of social class distribution throughout the city. Those who could afford to locate in and around the central plazas did so. The poor and marginal groups still occupied the spaces at the city's edge. The corresponding term in Portuguese-speaking countries is bairro. ^ Un Acercamiento Sociohistorico y Linguistico a los Toponimos del Municipio de Ponce, Puerto Rico. Amparo Morales, María T. Vaquero de Ramírez. "Estudios de lingüística hispánica: homenaje a María Vaquero". Page 113. Accessed 14 March 2017. ^ Historia de Nuestros Barrios: Portugués, Ponce. Archived 2014-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Rafael Torrech San Inocencio. El Sur a la Vista. elsuralavista.com. 14 February 2010. Accessed 12 February 2011. ^ Historias de nuestros barrios: una introducción. Rafael Torrech San Inocencio. Lapicero Verde. 10 February 2015. Accessed 14 March 2017. ^ a b Siembieda & López Moreno 1998. Siembieda, W. J.; López Moreno, E. (1998). "Barrios and the Hispanic American city: Cultural value and social representation". Journal of Urban Design. 3 (1): 39–52. doi:10.1080/13574809808724415.

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