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I'm unable to sit here and write that "Red Hill" refreshes the formula of the western, but this Australian production takes exquisite care of the galloping tropes that have made the genre a dependable distraction for a century of cinema. Writer/director Patrick Hughes buckles up tightly for this wild ride of revenge, fashioning a suspenseful thriller that pays loving tribute to cinematic masters, while forging its own distinctive identity by trading in the pastoral sway of America for the rough ride of Australia.
Relocating to the small town of Red Hill so his wife (Claire van der Boom, "The Square") can reduce the stress of her pregnancy, Constable Shane Cooper (Ryan Kwanten) is ready to make a big impression on his superiors. Unfortunately, the town sheriff, Old Bill (Steve Bisley), doesn't have much patience for Shane, gruffly rebuking his attempts to break the ice. When a disfigured Aboriginal killer named Jimmy (Tom E. Lewis) breaks out prison and returns to Red Hill, the locals scramble to protect themselves from the bloodthirsty tracker. Shane, sent out on patrol, soon comes face to face with the brute, only to find the reason for Jimmy's rampage is far more troubling than originally imagined.
"Red Hill" is a lump of familiar that Hughes (making his feature-length directorial debut) enthusiastically shapes into an electrifying western, carefully piecing together a straightforward story of murder with a keen eye for beefy cuts of violence and mood. Over the years, we've all seen a hundred stories of the apple-cheeked rookie facing his worst criminal nightmare, but "Red Hill" isn't sleepy; the film doesn't lean on the clichés. Instead, Hughes assertively guides the characters through a brooding game of nighttime hide and seek, with Jimmy prowling around the rustic grounds, out to exact revenge on the local community for reasons carefully hidden until the final act.
Assisted by marvelous widescreen cinematography from Tim Hudson (blessed to have the rugged, natural wonderment of Australia to work with), Hughes elects a near wordless adventure for Shane, who spends most of the movie in survival mode, coming into contact with Jimmy on several occasions, finding it a bit odd the killer hasn't taken his life despite ample opportunity to do so. "Red Hill" aims to squeeze in a mystery to the proceedings, along with a bit of animal oddity as a local farmer fears a panther is stalking the nearby wilds, but the primary force of the film is left to long stretches of panic. There's little verbal interplay, just a set of terrific faces released into the night, giving substantial performances to bring out the chewy genre consistency.
With the imposing Bisley and the porcelain Kwanten off trading threatening stares as the town is attacked, Hughes is free to tinker with his western atmosphere. The resulting rock aesthetic blends some Leone strums with a modern guitar touch, providing a swell voltage to the picture, giving the scope of the film a significant charge through unexpected aural cues.
The hunt takes on a few predictable twists and turns, but there's more reason to stay alongside "Red Hill" than ahead of it. Sure, Hughes doesn't redefine the genre to make his mark, but he assembles clichés with a sure hand, contemporizing a western showdown through skillful, genuinely appealing grit and gun-totin' poise.
Buy tickets to "Red Hill" now!
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0.935061 |
What is involved in the question and importance of God's existence?
Man's very constitution, the way he is made, reveal that God exists. Whether we call him God is beside the point at this stage; the evidence shows that man has not been around from all eternity; he is made and the things around him are made. Something made has a Maker. An effect has a cause. A creature has a Creator. God's existence is much more obvious than my existence, but I write this as a "believer." This does not invalidate or weaken my statement. For "to believe" is not a lower form of knowledge than to "scientifically prove" something. Proving God's existence by scientific methods is nonsense, for scientific methods are limited and applicable only to material and physical objects, whereas God is pure Spirit and infinite in his being. "To believe" is the proper way when dealing with God. Augustine formulated the right approach: "I believe in order to understand." It is "Fides quaerens Intellectum," faith seeking understanding, not the other way round. "For he that cometh to God MUST BELIEVE THAT HE IS." This is the sine qua non in our quest. For this very reason, the Scripture, with utter consistency, never attempts to give a formal and reasoned proof of God's existence, which might be disappointing for the immature Christian, but elicits much joy in the Spirit-filled disciple.
When the bare intellect supersedes the faith principle, then proofs of God's existence become essential and of utmost importance. Thomas Aquinas devotes a good portion of his Summa to prove God, giving some five evidences, which are "fine" for the Christian, and really unnecessary for he already believes, not only in God but believes God. But the unbeliever remains unconvinced in the face of all the evidence, not because the proofs are weak or illogical (for they aren't), but because he does not want to believe. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. He finds no place for God in his life; he disregards the testimony, not only of Christian philosophers but, more seriously than that, the testimony of God himself, his works of creation which the creature simply cannot escape.
In the same way, Hume, Sartre, Camus and others have published long diatribes to convince others that God does not exist. But before they adopted such a stance, they entertained some notions of God and the corruptions of their heart led them to an atheistic philosophy. But no-one is born "a pure atheist."
Having your eyes open, you may choose to shut them tight, and then deny that anything exists, but the material world would still be around you. The problem, then, is not in the evidence afforded (which certainly renders man inexcusable before God), but in the one receiving and considering the evidence. God is, and He is not silent (Romans 1:19-20; Psalm 19:1-3; Acts 17:28), but because of man's alienation, running away from God, only Scripture and God's Spirit can reveal Him sufficiently and effectively for man's salvation (1 Corinthians 2:9-10; 2 Timothy 3:15-17; Isaiah 59:21).
There is a vast difference between knowing about God and knowing Him. The first spells one's condemnation, the second one's salvation.
The cosmological argument states that the universe, this present order of things, is an effect. Thus there must be an adequate cause for it. The only sufficient cause is God (cf. Hebrews 2:4; Psalms 19:1; Genesis 1:1).
This must be so, for everything exists either from eternity, or everything gave existence to itself (which is nonsense) or else God gave everything its existence.
But if everything existed from eternity, then everything is necessary, and so everything must be immutable and indestructible. But experience shows us that the world is passing away (2nd law of thermodynamics) and so it could not be from eternity.
The only reasonable alternative is that God made everything that presently is.
Another argument is from the design we see in the universe. Chance, working at random, cannot produce design.
This is amplified beautifully in W.Paley's treatise "Natural Theology," of the 18th century. No critic has answered his argument decisively, though there have been many attempts, among them Richard Dawkins' "The Blind watchmaker."
In the universe we perceive a purpose and design, so this argues in favour of an existence of One who has a will and a mind to plan things.
Considering man as he is built up, with conscience and a sense of duty (cf. the "du sollst" argument of Kant), he is undeniably a moral being.
Where did he get his morality? If this is a relic of his primitive state, how come he is still "burdened" with it? How much easier to conclude that a Supreme moral Being fashioned him, to be somewhat like him?
There is also a universal belief in a Supreme being, even though this belief is warped and defaced.
We cannot deny the historical fact of a Person who claimed, in the most explicit way, that he is God himself, and that he came from God. Jesus of Nazareth is a historical figure just as Julius Caesar, and his life is an irrefutable testimony to the fact that God is.
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0.962777 |
A bike and a car are brought to rest by applying same retarding force. If both come to rest after travelling same distance; which other physical quantity is same velocity, mass or kinetic energy? Give reasons justify the answer.
A bike and a car brought to rest by applying same retarding force. If both travel same distance, during the journey till they come to zero, the velocity of both will change but mass will not change. As bike and car brought to rest their velocity will get decrease and reach to zero as they stop. As velocity decreses ultimately their kinetic energy also will get decrease and reach to zero.
is a sound wave with wave length 1.32 cm and wave velocity 330 m/s audible to a human ear? Why?
I want all practical based question in class 9.
5 Why Do We Fall Ill?
9 Is Matter Around Us Pure?
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0.967584 |
I just bent my wheel and am probably going to need a new one built. Can I reuse my old, 3 months, spokes in the new wheel. The guy at the shop gave me some mumbo jumbo about tensioning or something.
There is no reason why you should not reuse the spokes of your relatively new wheel. The reason a bike shop would not choose to do this is that they do not know the history of your spokes and do not want to risk their work on unknown materials. If you are satisfied that the spokes are good quality, you should definitely use them for you new wheel. The spokes should, however, not be removed from the hub, because they have all taken a set peculiar to their location, be that inside or outside spokes. The elbows of outside spokes, for instance, have an acute angle while the inside spokes are obtuse.
There are a few restrictions to this method, such as that new rim must have the same effective diameter as the old, or the spokes will be the wrong length. The rim should also be the same "handedness" so that the rim holes are offset in the correct direction. This is not a fatal problem, because you can advance the rim one hole so that there is a match. The only problem is that the stem will not fall between parallel spokes as it should for pumping convenience.
Take a cotton swab and dab a little oil in each spoke socket of the new rim before you begin. Hold the rims side by side so that the stem holes are aligned and note whether the rim holes are staggered in the same way. If not, line the rim up so they are. Then unscrew one spoke at a time, put a wipe of oil on the threads and engage it in the new rim. When they are all in the new rim you proceed as you would truing any wheel. Details of this are in a good book on building wheels.
The reason you can reuse spokes is that their failure mode is fatigue. There is no other way of causing a fatigue failure than to ride many thousand miles (if your wheel is properly built). A crash does not induce fatigue, nor does it even raise tension in spokes unless you get a pedal between them. Unless a spoke has a kink that cannot be straightened by hand, it can be reused.
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0.9725 |
A neutron star is one of the possible endpoints of stellar evolution. A neutron star, with a mass of 1.4 to 3 solar masses, forms from the collapsing core of a massive star immediately following the star's exhaustion of its fusion energy reserves. With the outflow of radiation from the stellar core suddenly switched off, the core can no longer support the overlying layers against the inward force of gravity. The rapidly mounting pressure of the infalling layers squeezes the electrons and protons of the core together to create neutrons and neutrinos. The neutrinos immediately escape into space but the neutrons crowd closer and closer together until they reach the density of an atomic nucleus. At this stage, if the compressed stellar core is less than the Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit of about 3 solar masses, the neutrons are able to resist further collapse. Otherwise, a black hole forms.
The star's collapsing middle layers rebound against the newly-formed solid neutron core. This generates a shock wave which heats and blows off the surface layers as a Type II supernova explosion. Left behind is a rapidly spinning neutron star which has a strong magnetic field with poles that are usually aligned with the pole's of the star's rotation. Two oppositely directed beams of radio waves escape from the poles and sweep around like a lighthouse beam, producing a series of regular radio blips that can be detected from Earth. The result is a pulsar.
A neutron star is typically only about 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) across, yet within this small region may be over 2 solar masses of material. The result is a gravitational field at the surface of a neutron star about 70 billion times stronger than that on Earth. Neutron stars have a density of about 1014 grams per cubic centimeter, or roughly a million times that of white dwarfs, so that a sugar-cube-sized sample of neutron star would outweigh the human race. Strangely, the higher the mass of a neutron star, the smaller its radius (gravity pulling the contents in ever more tightly).
In structure, a neutron star more closely resembles a solid, miniature planet than it does an ordinary star. Its core consists mainly of densely-packed neutrons, with a sprinkling of protons and an equal number of electrons, in a liquid-like state known as neutronium. Surrounding this is a mantle topped by a crust, perhaps 1 kilometer thick, consisting of a stiff lattice of nuclei of the same elements as found on Earth through which flows a sea of electrons. The highest possible "mountains" (surface irregularities) rise to a height of about 5 millimeters (0.2 inch), while electrons and heavy nuclei evaporate in the surface temperature of 8,000°C to produce an "atmosphere" maybe a few micrometers thick. As a neutron star cools and shrinks, strains develop in the crust so that it buckles, causing starquakes. Such events are marked by glitches in the otherwise remarkably steady periods of pulsars.
Life either on or in the vicinity of neutron stars may seem extremely unlikely. However, planets have been found around pulsars (see pulsar planets) and the possibility of life on a neutron star has been considered by Frank Drake and explored in fictional form by Robert L. Forward.
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0.95313 |
Have you ever been so stressed out moving that you wondered if the easiest way to pack was to get a gallon of gasoline and a box of matches?
Moving can be a stressful time for everyone involved, but don't make it more stressful than it needs to be. Just getting started is the hardest part. Here are few tips to point you in the right direction.
Start with things you dont use every day.
~Unnecessary CDs, DVDs and video tapes.
~Sewing room and craft items.
~Home office - Pack as much as possible except bills that need to be paid. Leave office boxes open and tape them closed at the last minute before moving just in case you need something out of them.
~Childrens toys and games - Pack most of the toys they dont play with regularly.
~One week before moving, pack all unnecessary kitchen items, clothes and linens (except what you need for one week).
~I fill my china cabinet with light weight soft things like stuffed animals, balls of yarn, quilts, artificial flowers and greenery.
~If you will be moving your refrigerator or washer or dryer, fill it with pillows, wicker baskets or plastic items from the kitchen.
~Fill clothes hampers with bathroom items. If you have a lamp that needs special protection, wrap it carefully in towels and place it in a clothes hamper.
~Fill up even small items like plastic pitchers with kitchen utensils or kitchen knick-knacks.
~I clean out a large outside trash can and use it to pack my hoses, small pots and gardening tools. If Im not sure if I should keep something, I allow myself to take it if I can fit it in that one trash can. My son-in-law says it is one step closer to the curb that way.
~Don't pack glass, porcelain or ceramic containers with loose items in them that could break them. Canning jars filled with marbles or baby food jars filled with nuts and bolts are recipes for disaster.
~Pack heavy things such as books in small boxes.
~Don't pack things like photos, videotapes, cd's, candles, plants or pets (especially pets!!!) where heat or cold can get to them. Don't think any of those things will be safe and protected in a car or truck overnight. If it gets cold, they will freeze. Also plants left in a hot car will not be safe because the heat will kill them. When transporting plants in a car, protect them from direct sunlight with a covering of newspaper because the sun will fry houseplants.
~Pack kids rooms last. They need the security of having their room the same for as long as possible. Be sure to put their favorite items in the car such a blanket, stuffed animal or books.
Jill Cooper and Tawra Kellam are the authors of Moving on a Dime: Save Money, Save Time, Save Your Sanity. To order Moving on a Dime and for more free money saving tips visit our web site at http://www.notjustbeans.com/ .
Halloween On A Dime, Frighteningly Frugal Fun!
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0.99988 |
RSD/CRPS is a chronic condition characterized by severe burning pain, pathological changes in bone and skin, excessive sweating, tissue swelling, and extreme sensitivity to touch. The syndrome is a nerve disorder that occurs at the site of an injury (most often to the arms or legs). It occurs especially after injuries from high-velocity impacts such as those from bullets or shrapnel. However, it may occur without apparent injury.
What are the symptoms of RSD/CRPS?
The symptoms of RSD/CRPS usually occur near the site of an injury, either major or minor, and include: burning pain, muscle spasms, local swelling, increased sweating, softening of bones, joint tenderness or stiffness, restricted or painful movement, and changes in the nails and skin. One visible sign of RSD/CRPS near the site of injury is warm, shiny red skin that later becomes cool and bluish.
The pain that patients report is out of proportion to the severity of the injury and gets worse, rather than better, over time. It is frequently characterized as a burning, aching, searing pain, which may initially be localized to the site of injury or the area covered by an injured nerve but spreads over time, often involving an entire limb. It can sometimes even involve the opposite extremity. Pain is continuous and may be heightened by emotional stress. Moving or touching the limb is often intolerable. Eventually the joints become stiff from disuse, and the skin, muscles, and bone atrophy.
The symptoms of RSD/CRPS vary in severity and duration. However, there are usually three stages associated with RSD/CRPS, and each stage is marked by progressive changes in the skin, nails, muscles, joints, ligaments, and bones. Stage one lasts from 1 to 3 months and is characterized by severe, burning pain at the site of the injury. Muscle spasm, joint stiffness, restricted mobility, rapid hair and nail growth, and vasospasm (a constriction of the blood vessels) that affects color and temperature of the skin can also occur.
In stage two, which lasts from 3 to 6 months, the pain intensifies. Swelling spreads, hair growth diminishes, nails become cracked, brittle, grooved, and spotty, osteoporosis becomes severe and diffuse, joints thicken, and muscles atrophy.
As the patient reaches stage three, changes in the skin and bones become irreversible, and pain becomes unyielding and may now involve the entire limb. There is marked muscle atrophy, severely limited mobility of the affected area, and flexor tendon contractions (contractions of the muscles and tendons that flex the joints). Occasionally the limb is displaced from its normal position, and marked bone softening is more dispersed.
RSD/CRPS was originally thought to be the result of malfunctioning nerves of the sympathetic nervous system-the part of the nervous system responsible, for example, for controlling the diameter of blood vessels. This idea has been called into question and the mechanism remains controversial.
Since RSD/CRPS is most often caused by trauma to the extremities, other conditions that can bring about RSD/CRPS include sprains, fractures, surgery, damage to blood vessels or nerves, and cerebral lesions. The disorder is unique in that it simultaneously affects the nerves, skin, muscles, blood vessels, and bones.
RSD/CRPS can strike at any age, but has usually been more common between the ages of 40 and 60. Recent reports show that the number of RSD/CRPS cases among adolescents and young adults is increasing. It affects both men and women, but is most frequently seen in women.
Investigators estimate that two to five percent of those with peripheral nerve injury and 12 to 21 percent of those with hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) will suffer from RSD/CRPS.
RSD/CRPS is often misdiagnosed because it remains poorly understood. Diagnosis is complicated by the fact that some patients improve without treatment. A delay in diagnosis and/or treatment for this syndrome can result in severe physical and psychological problems. Early recognition and prompt treatment provide the greatest opportunity for recovery.
RSD/CRPS is diagnosed primarily through observation of the symptoms. However, some physicians use thermography — a diagnostic technique for measuring blood flow by determining the variations in heat emitted from the body — to detect changes in body temperature that are common in RSD/CRPS. A color-coded “thermogram” of a person in pain often shows an altered blood supply to the painful area, appearing as a different shade (abnormally pale or violet) than the surrounding areas of the corresponding part on the other side of the body. An abnormal thermogram in a patient who complains of pain may lead to a diagnosis of RSD/CRPS. X-rays may also show changes in the bone.
Good progress can be made in treating RSD/CRPS if treatment is begun early, ideally within 3 months of the first symptoms. Early treatment often results in remission. If treatment is delayed, however, the disorder can quickly spread to the entire limb and changes in bone and muscle may become irreversible. In 50 percent of RSD/CRPS cases, pain persists longer than 6 months and sometimes for years.
Physical therapy is the mainstay of therapy. Physicians use a variety of drugs to treat RSD/CRPS, including corticosteroids, vasodilators, and alpha- or beta-adrenergic-blocking compounds. Elevation of the extremity may be helpful. Injection of a local anesthetic, such as lidocaine, is sometimes used. Injections are repeated as needed. TENS (transcutaneous electrical stimulation), a procedure in which brief pulses of electricity are applied to nerve endings under the skin, has helped some patients in relieving chronic pain.
In some cases, surgical or chemical sympathectomy-interruption of the affected portion of the sympathetic nervous system-has been used to relieve pain. Surgical sympathectomy involves cutting the nerve or nerves, destroying the pain almost instantly. But surgery is controversial and may also destroy other sensations.
Are there any other disorders like RSD/CRPS?
RSD/CRPS has characteristics similar to those of other disorders, such as shoulder-hand syndrome, which sometimes occurs after a heart attack and is marked by pain and stiffness in the arm and shoulder; Sudeck’s syndrome, which is prevalent in older people and in women and is characterized by bone changes and muscular atrophy, but is not always associated with trauma; and Steinbrocker’s syndrome, which affects both sexes but is slightly more prevalent in women, and includes such symptoms as gradual stiffness, discomfort, and weakness in the shoulder and hand.
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), supports and conducts research on the brain and central nervous system. Some studies are conducted at the Institute’s own laboratories and clinics located in Bethesda, Maryland, on the NIH campus, while others are funded through grants to major medical institutions across the country. NINDS-supported scientists are studying new approaches to treat RSD/CRPS and intervene more aggressively after traumatic injury to lower the patient’s chances of developing the disorder. Other studies to overcome chronic pain syndromes are discussed in the pamphlet ” Pain: Hope Through Research,” published by the NINDS.
National Chronic Pain Outreach Association, Inc.
Is this the cure for RSDS?
Hi. Thanks for your informative blog. It may interest you to know that I think I may have stumbled across a cure for RSDS. Please don’t be skeptical; read my blogs and then try what I’m doing–Nutritional Response Testing. Sometimes doctors are wrong and right now no one is even looking for the cure. If I’m right it’ll change the world. All my symptoms disappear when I’m taking my vitamins and supplements–I’m really not joking here! And, I’m not making ONE single penny off of what I’m talking about. I just want to help others. Sounds too good to be true, but sometimes things really are just that simple.
You’ve put together a really good website, thank you for doing it.
However it’s not true that RSD can be cured by a sympathectomy, surgery or otherwise. If it was that easy, I would have had my foot taken off 10 years ago when the RSD started to spread up my leg and then across to my other leg. I did think about having my foot removed and did some research on it at that time.
If you think about it, many people who have lost a limb suffer from “phantom limb” pain, which is quite similar to RSD.
Thank you for your comments. I’m not sure which part you are referring to that should be removed. I looked through it again and I’m not seeing what you are speaking of.
I absolutely agree that RSD cannot be cured by a Sympathectomy, surgery or anything else that I know of.
I apologize I must be missing something. If you would help point it out, I will remove it as soon as I’m able.
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0.999839 |
netconfig configures and enables network products. netconfig provides a standard way to combine networking products together to form a networking system from compatible networking components. By default, it is only executable by root.
netconfig assembles compatible sets of networking products into functional groups called chains. Configuring (adding) a chain will do everything necessary to enable the functions of the component products in the chain within a single command. Deconfiguring (removing) a chain through netconfig does everything necessary to disable the function of the component parts of the chain also in a single command.
A chain consists of a top level product, and one or more lower layer networking products that together produce a functional networking system.
netconfig is most often used interactively through the SCO Visual Tcl graphical interface, or at the command line. When the graphical interface is used, netconfig presents the user with a list of the currently configured chains as part of the main screen.
netconfig, when used non-interactively, is designed to be used as an engine underneath a higher level user interface program, whether graphical or character oriented.
For more information on using the graphical interface, see ``Configuring network connections'' in Configuring Network Connections.
This directory contains files that describe the product information.
This directory contains all the initialization scripts and all the default value files.
This directory contains product removal scripts.
Directory used by netconfig; contains reconfigure scripts for each product.
Add a chain specified by the user. Designed as part of the command line engine, this option will perform an add (call the add scripts) without any user intervention. If the chain passed in is invalid, then netconfig will return an error and output a single-line error message. Chain names are specified with a single word comprised of the names of each element in the chain separated by ``#'' characters: top#middle ... #bottom.
Remove. netconfig removes the specified chain. Chain names are specified with a single word comprised of the names of each element in the chain separated by ``#'' characters: top#middle ... #bottom. A single complete, valid chain name must be passed to netconfig with the -r option.
Reconfigure an element in a chain. Requires a chain name and element as arguments.
Element. Output the list of elements in the given chain that support reconfiguring.
Link. netconfig relinks the kernel and installs it without asking (suppresses the link kernel prompt) if changes are made that require relinking the kernel.
Never link. netconfig never relinks the kernel (suppresses the link kernel prompt) if changes are made that require relinking the kernel.
Status. netconfig prints a list of the currently installed chains and exits. This is intended for use in shell scripts that are trying to remove all chains associated with their product.
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0.9422 |
ACTION: Proposed revisions to an existing system of records.
SUMMARY: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is deleting from its inventory eleven systems of records because the information is no longer maintained by OMB due to organizational changes. An additional three systems of records will be updated to more accurately reflect position titles, addresses, and descriptions of the systems.
DATES: This proposed action will be effective without further notice on March 30, 2000, unless comments are received which result in a contrary determination.
ADDRESSES: Darrell A. Johnson, Freedom of Information Act Officer, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, Washington, D.C. 20503. Comments up to three pages in length may be submitted via facsimile to (202) 395-3952. Electronic mail comments may be submitted via Internet to [email protected]. Please include the full body of electronic mail comments in the text and not as an attachment. Please include the name, title, organization, postal address, and E-mail address in the text of the message.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974, the Office of Management and Budget conducted a review of its Privacy Act systems of records and determined that eleven systems of records can be deleted from its inventory because the data is neither collected nor maintained by OMB. The systems of records to be deleted are: OMB/SPD/01, "Clearance Office Information System"; FAI-1, "Federal Procurement and Logistics Personnel Information System"; FAI-2, "Individual Credentialing Services Program"; OMB/LIBRY/01, "Library Circulation System"; OMB/BUDGO/01, "Payroll and Leave Records"; OMB/BUDGO/03, "Personnel Summary"; OMB/BUDGO/04, "Professional Staff Roster"; OMB/RECDS/01, "Researcher Request File"; OMB/ADSER/01, "Staff Directory Card"; OMB/BUDGO/02, "Staff Travel Records"; and OMB/CAVAD/01, "Veterans Education and Training Load Model." In addition, three other systems of records in OMB's inventory are being revised to incorporate address and title changes as well as to update descriptions of the systems and other data. These three systems are OMB/LEGIS/01, "Private Relief Legislation"; OMB/PERSL/01, "Recruiting and Applicant Records"; and OMB/ADSER/02, "Staff Parking Application File", and are published in their entirety. One of the revisions is the deletion from the routine use description of disclosures that are made internally within OMB. Those disclosures will continue to be made, but are authorized by 5 U.S.C. 552a(b)(1).
For the reasons discussed in the preamble, OMB is updating three systems of records which are being printed in their entirety as shown below.
Legislative Information Center, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503.
Individuals who are the subject of proposed or enacted private relief legislation.
The information contained in these records consists of only those private relief bills requiring Office of Management and Budget review as specified in OMB Circular No. A-19, Revised September, 1979. The information maintained may include copies of a draft bill proposed by an agency as defined in the Circular, copies of bills introduced in the Congress, and if applicable, Congressional committee reports, agency memorandums and letters, OMB memoranda and letters, and other documents as may be needed in connection with the legislative coordination and clearance process. Certain individual records may also contain correspondence from and to the individual about whom the information is maintained.
Office of Management and Budget Circular No. A-19, Revised September, 1979.
Disclosure may be made to a congressional office from the record of an individual in response to an inquiry from the congressional office made at the request of that individual.
The records are stored in an electronically powered rotary file.
Information is retrieved by name of individual, bill number, or private law number.
Access to the building is controlled and monitored by security personnel. Access to the records is limited to those whose official duties require access to the information.
Permanent records are maintained on private relief bills introduced during the current and prior two sessions of Congress and then transferred to the National Archives.
Supervisory Legislative Research Assistant, Legislative Information Center, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503.
If you wish to determine whether a record exists regarding you in the systems of records, contact the Freedom of Information Act Officer, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503.
See "Categories of records in the system."
Administration Office, Office of Management and Budget, New Executive Office Building, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503.
OMB employees requesting a parking permit or joining a carpool.
The system contains completed OMB Form 73 submitted by OMB employees who desire a parking permit. The form contains the following information on person making the application: Name, office or division, room number, telephone extension, home address, home telephone number, zip code, and make of car. For each rider the following information is recorded, name, home address, and work location and office phone number.
Federal Property Management Regulation (FPMR) 41 CFR 101-20.104 and Office of Management and Budget Office Memorandum No. 91-14.
Forms are maintained in a file cabinet.
Records are kept by type of parking permit issued and by name. Access is limited to the Associate/Assistant Director for Administration, staff of the Administrative Services section, staff who wish to join a carpool, and upon request, the individual to which the information pertains.
Records are retained and disposed of in accordance with the National Archives and Records Administration records schedule.
Associate/Assistant Director for Administration, Office of Management and Budget, Old Executive Office Building, 17th and Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20503.
Persons identified through OMB's recruitment program have applied or who have been referred for employment consideration for a internship, summer employment or a permanent position.
These records contain information relating to the education and training; appraisal of potential; honors, awards, or fellowships; and home address of these persons and is obtained from resumes provided by the applicants.
Title 5, U.S.C. Section 3109, 3301, 3302, 3304, 3309, 3318, 3319, and Executive Orders 10577 and 11103.
a.Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to the extent the information is relevant to OPM's decision on a OMB request.
b.A congressional office in response to an inquiry from the congressional office made at the applicant's request.
c. A requesting Federal agency, Commission or other public office if that applicant has indicated to OMB that he or she is available for referral to other agencies for consideration.
Paper records and electronic media.
Individual records are indexed by name, by school, by area of interest, and by the type of appointment the applicant is seeking.
Access to and use of the system and its records is limited to selected OMB staff whose official duties require having access. Files are kept in the OMB Administration Office and in the EOP computer center. Both facilities are locked and alarmed. Only OMB staff involved in recruiting or hiring personnel have access to this data.
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0.999371 |
This query is used to count conditions (condition_concept_id) across all condition era records stratified by year, age group and gender (gender_concept_id). The age groups are calculated as 10 year age bands from the age of a person at the condition era start date. The input to the query is a value (or a comma-separated list of values) of a condition_concept_id , year, age_group (10 year age band) and gender_concept_id. If the input is ommitted, all existing value combinations are summarized..
year_of_birth The year of birth of the person. For data sources with date of birth, the year is extracted. For data sources where the year of birth is not available, the approximate year of birth is derived based on any age group categorization available.
relationship_id The type of relationship as defined in the relationship table.
concept_id_1 A foreign key to the concept in the concept table associated with the relationship. Relationships are directional, and this field represents the source concept designation.
concept_id_2 A foreign key to the concept in the concept table associated with the relationship. Relationships are directional, and this field represents the destination concept designation.
relationship_name The text that describes the relationship type.
person_id A foreign key identifier to the person who is experiencing the condition. The demographic details of that person are stored in the person table.
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0.999069 |
This article is about the building in Evansville, Indiana. For the former Ford Center in Oklahoma City, see Chesapeake Energy Arena.
The Ford Center is a multi-use indoor arena in downtown Evansville, Indiana with a maximum seating capacity of 11,000. It officially opened in November 2011 and is mainly used for basketball, ice hockey, and music concerts. It is home to the Evansville Purple Aces basketball teams and the Evansville Thunderbolts minor league hockey team in the Southern Professional Hockey League.
The first public event held at the Ford Center was an Evansville IceMen hockey game on November 5, 2011, when the IceMen defeated the Fort Wayne Komets 3-1. The first concert was held four days later on November 9, 2011 by Bob Seger and his Silver Bullet Band. The Evansville Purple Aces played their first basketball game on November 12, 2011, beating the Butler Bulldogs 80-77 in overtime.
In its first year, the new arena also hosted concerts for Elton John, Lady Antebellum, Reba, the Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Steel Panther with Judas Priest, Mötley Crüe with Alice Cooper, Aerosmith with Living Colour, and Cirque du Soleil's performance of Quidam.
The Ford Center played host to a game in the 2012 College Basketball Invitational, in which the Aces lost to the Princeton Tigers 95-86. The Ford Center also played host to the 2013 GLVC basketball championships and the 2014 and 2015 NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Championship. In September 2014, the Ford Center hosted Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) Division 1 International playoffs, hosted by local roller derby league, Demolition City Roller Derby, featuring teams from the United States, England and Canada. In honor of the event, Evansville mayor Lloyd Winnecke declared the week of the event to be "Roller Derby Week" in the city.
The Ford Center was designed by Populous (formerly HOK Sport) as a replacement for Roberts Municipal Stadium. The $127.5 million arena was approved by the Evansville City Council on December 22, 2008. Demolition work on the site began on December 5, 2009.
The Ford Center is bounded by Main Street, Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, 6th Street, and Walnut Street. As planned, it will eventually connect to a new convention hotel and the existing convention center.
On August 17, 2011, the facility's name, Ford Center, was announced. The naming rights were the result of a 10-year, $4.2 million agreement with the Tri-State Ford Dealers.
On January 18, 2012, Aces junior Colt Ryan set an arena record with 39 points in a win against the Bradley Braves.
In 2016, the ECHL's Evansville IceMen and the City of Evansville failed to come to an agreement on a new lease and the IceMen's owner, Ron Geary, announced his intentions to relocate the team to Owensboro, Kentucky. In response, the City of Evansville brought in a new minor league hockey team called the Evansville Thunderbolts as part of the Southern Professional Hockey League for the 2016–17 season.
^ a b "City Council OKs Arena Plans". Evansville Courier & Press. December 22, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
^ "Evansville Arena Facts" (PDF). City of Evansville. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
^ Morris, Mitzi (September 19, 2014). "Women's Roller Derby Playoffs in Evansville This Weekend". WFIE. Evansville. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
^ "2014 WFTDA Roller Derby International Playoffs". The Ford Center. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
^ "Derby Girls Roll In to Evansville". WEHT. Evansville. September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
^ "Ford Motor Co. Pays $4.2 Million to Name Downtown Arena Ford Center". Evansville Courier & Press. August 17, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ "New Evansville Arena To Be Named Ford Center". Ford Center. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ "Evansville Unveils Arena Name". Inside Indiana Business. August 17, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
^ "UE, Colt Ryan trample Bradley". Retrieved 2018-02-11.
^ "Evansville will be home to Southern Professional Hockey League franchise". Evansville Courier & Press. February 8, 2016.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ford Center (Evansville).
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0.956029 |
my experience is that in the common sudden depressions and elations felt in the middle agers, timing tranquiliser dosages only at the time when the elation phase is being experienced best judged by the patient him or herself, is better than strict scheduling. Is there anything on effective timings?
I'm not sure exactly what you mean, but if you are talking about manic episodes in someone with bipolar disorder, the standard treatment approach is to stay on medication at all times, not just when becoming symptomatic - although that may vary slightly depending on how often the episodes occur.
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0.95669 |
The 2010 UCI World Ranking was the second edition of the ranking system launched by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 2009. The series started with the Tour Down Under's opening stage on 19 January, and consisted of 13 stage races and 13 one-day races, culminating in the Giro di Lombardia on 16 October. Two new races, the Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec and the Grand Prix Cycliste de Montréal were added to the ProTour series, and consequently to the ranking schedule. These two Canadian events, and the Tour Down Under, were the only races in the series to take place outside Europe.
All 16 events of the 2010 UCI ProTour were included in the series calendar, along with the three Grand Tours, two early season stage races, and five one-day classics.
On 31 May, the UCI annulled all results obtained by then rankings leader Alejandro Valverde, and removed his points, as he received a suspension due to his involvement in the Operación Puerto doping case. The two-year suspension was in part retroactive, dating from 1 January 2010. His points were also removed from his team, Caisse d'Epargne, and the Spanish national score, both of which had previously been at the top of their rankings. Valverde's points for final position were reallocated: his points gained in individual stages of stage races were deleted.
In February 2012, Alberto Contador had all his results from the 2010 Tour de France annulled, and these points were retrospectively reallocated in the 2010 rankings. Contador dropped from second place to thirteenth as a result.
278 riders scored at least one point. Additionally, Marek Rutkiewicz of the Polish selection finished 7th overall in the Tour de Pologne, which would have earned 30 points, but as a member of a national selection rather than a UCI registered team, he was not eligible for points.
Team rankings are calculated by adding the ranking points of the top five riders of a team in the table. Teams with the same number of points are ranked according to their top-ranked rider.
It had been said that the top 17 teams at the end of the season would be guaranteed a place in the three Grand Tours in 2011, although with one race remaining, the UCI announced the launch of the WorldTour, meaning that teams of ProTour status would have the right to participate in all ranking events in 2011, including the Grand Tours, regardless of position in this table. Androni Giocattoli, despite finishing 17th, were not granted a place in the 2011 Tour de France.
32 teams scored at least one point.
National rankings are calculated by adding the ranking points of the top five riders registered in a nation in the table. Nations with the same number of points are ranked according to their top-ranked rider. The top ten nations as of 15 August were permitted up to nine riders at the 2010 UCI Road World Championships in Australia in October.
Riders from 34 nations earned at least one point.
^ a b c Armstrong's results were stripped in 2012; the 2010 UCI World Ranking was not updated to reflect this.
^ "UCI comment on Valverde suspension". Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
^ Mattia Gavazzi of Colnago–CSF Inox earned a point in the Tirreno Adriatico, but was subsequently suspended for a doping violation. His point is acknowledged in the UCI rankings, but his name is absent. His point was credited to his team until he ceased to be one of their top 5 scorers.
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0.950126 |
Despite the fact that DGM has released albums frequently for 2 decades, I have never heard one single note from the band before getting my hands on this one and already halfway through the second song I'm starting to wonder how I've been able to avoid listening to this Italian group over all these years (Probably because they're from Italy, I would say in lack of a valid explanation.), because I immediately find this to be an intriguing piece of music.
The Passage contains heavy guitars that are pushing their way forward in the sound-frame of progressive metal and I'm rather amazed by the overall performance. A lot of the songs are simply just appealing and I like the total production of the album, which in my ears brings forth the power and dynamics in the music. Playing-wise and technically seen this is no progressive metal in the vein of Dream Theater's highly proficient style and these guys set focus on coming out with extended parts where they keep the melody alive, both musically and vocally.
The vocal contribution of Marco Basile fits really well with the melodic appearance of the music. He's able to bring emotion and versatility to the songs without overplaying his part. His voice is in the right level of the mix too, which is such an important factor with these kind of metal records, because the vocals don't drown the instruments.
Will I immediately run out and buy the entire DGM catalogue now that I have discovered a band prior to this record unknown to me? Probably not, because a quick background check shows that the band today has no original members left and most of the lineup was changed about 10 years ago. The music is maybe quite different at this point in comparison to the early days, so I will most likely slowly and carefully work my way backwards through their albums one by one instead and see what may come out of it.
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0.999996 |
How about some GOOD news about Tesla's Autopilot feature for a change? Apparently some guy suffering from a pulmonary embolism drove to the hospital using Autopilot and was not involved in an accident on the way.
A man suffering from a pulmonary embolism was driven 20 miles to a hospital by the Autopilot system on his Tesla car, according to reports. Joshua Neally, a 37-year-old from Missouri, was driving home when he experienced the medical emergency. Deciding the best course of action was to get to a hospital in his car, Neally let the Autopilot system of his Model X take control on the highway. He was then able to finish the final section of the journey from the highway to the hospital by himself.
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0.96145 |
Whether or not to vaccinate your child has become an emotional topic over the past several years. Media reports that vaccinations are dangerous are widespread, and it's difficult to sort through the vast amount of information out there and figure out what's truth and what's fiction. Furthermore, it can be daunting when you arrive at the doctor's office and find out that your baby needs five shots for her routine checkup.
I approach the topic of vaccines as a scientist: How do they work, are they effective, are they safe and how do we know?
Children are born with a full immune system. When an unknown bacteria or virus is discovered by the immune system, the body produces antibodies to help protect against future invasions by the same invader. The human body is capable of making thousands of antibodies. Vaccines are dead or greatly weakened parts of viruses or bacteria. When your child gets a vaccine, the body makes antibodies, so that if your child is exposed to the virus or bacteria at a later date, the body can fight it before getting sick. Through vaccines, your child becomes protected from the disease without ever getting the illness.
Vaccines are clearly effective. They have saved the lives of millions of children around the world. Because of vaccinations, we rarely see polio, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), measles, mumps and even chicken pox in children anymore. Rates of hospitalization in children have dropped dramatically in the past 20 years because of the use of vaccines. That being said, they are not always 100 percent effective in every child. Many vaccines require two to three rounds before they protect your child from disease. Usually, though, if your child does get sick, it's a less serious version of the disease. We see this with the chicken pox and zoster vaccines.
The most common question I get from parents is, "Are vaccines safe?" In general, vaccines are extremely safe. Vaccines undergo testing for 10 years or more before they are made public. Once in use, vaccines are continually monitored for safety and effectiveness. However, like any medication, vaccines can cause side effects. The most common side effects are fever or soreness at the sight of the shot. Severe reactions are possible, but are very uncommon.
Some families worry that vaccines containing mercury and thimerosal can cause autism. Research to prove or disprove a possible relationship between thimerosal and autism is ongoing. However, to date, no scientific linkage has been established. In fact, the original suggestion of autism-associated vaccination came from scientist Andrew Wakefield, whose study of 12 children has been invalidated and disproved by the scientific community. Unfortunately, it started a frenzy of media activity that has placed doubt in the public's mind about the safety of vaccination.
Others might worry that giving too many vaccines might overwhelm the immune system. However, the infant immune system can respond to many antigens simultaneously. Several studies have validated this claim, and it's even safe to give vaccines with a concurrent mild illness.
When families come to me with concerns about vaccinations, I try to identify what bothers them the most. Many times, education and answering questions about fears help to alleviate anxiety. Sometimes at a parent's request we will provide alternate schedules to break up the shots. However, this is not necessary, and can lead to increased number of shots and doctor visits.
In 2008, Idaho had the lowest vaccination rate in the country at 60 percent. Over the past few years, the state has been making efforts to improve this, and as of 2010, the rate had improved to 70 percent. This means that 30 percent of our children are not vaccinated, and therefore are at risk of contracting disease and being hospitalized. Due to increased immigration and intercontinental movement, the diseases we have not seen in years are on the rise, including polio, measles and pertussis.
For more information visit http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines.
Dr. Julie Lyons is board certified in family medicine. She sees patients at St. Luke's Clinic—Family Medicine in Hailey.
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0.999486 |
UK Sales — VAT and "handling charges"
We had a couple of packages returned recently -- a present from someone in the UK to a friend or relative. We sent the order by SAL, and our customer reported that it had not arrived, so we sent a replacement, using EMS to be certain of delivery. Both packages eventually returned, the SAL marked "not collected", the EMS similarly, but there's a bill pasted to it for £7.05 VAT plus £13.50 (!) "handling charge". That's £20.55 in tax costs, for an item that cost a total of 4200 yen (including SAL), which in March was about £30.00. Notoriously, Brazil and other S. American countries can charge 50% duty rates -- the UK customer can end up paying more than 60% surcharge on the cost of an item.
A bit of web-searching makes it all too clear that this outrageous "handling charge" is a well-known problem, which seems to have created a climate of fear, in which people are unwilling to risk buying anything over the Internet from outside the EU. Everyone knows someone who got stung for twenty quid for an item for which they had paid hardly any more. I couldn't find any obvious cases of people complaining about paying the VAT itself, which is as fair as any other tax — just about the "handling-charge" rip-off.
The key to all this is the magic figure of eighteen pounds: for commercial items, goods with an "intrinsic value" (this seems to mean the value of the item(s) excluding postage and packing charges) not exceeding £18 are not subjected to charges. Even though our UK sales have always been proportionately very low, from the feedback we have had it seems even larger packages (two 1000-piece puzzles, way over £18) were generally escaping the "handling charge", but anecdotal evidence suggests that more recently nothing has been escaping.
Of course we are battling with the high yen exchange rate, which has made the problem much worse. Consider a typical art puzzle, with a retail price of 3000 yen: here's what would have happened a couple of years ago (when the pound was at a peak) and what happens now.
* The VAT amount is approximate, since small packets only carry a declaration of the "intrinsic value". They probably add up the stamps, which will typically be slightly less than our "shipping charge", to allow for the cost of the PayPal transfer.
So despite our 10% discount, you could end up paying well over twice as much as a couple of years ago.
Two things. First, as long as we possibly can (provided the yen doesn't rise even further again), we will offer puzzles to UK customers with prices in sterling, and with the price of a 1000-piece puzzle (or equivalent small-piece puzzle of 1500/2000 pieces) capped at £17.99. As long as you order one puzzle at a time, there should be no VAT or "handling charges". It will take a while to implement this in software, so for the time being we'll offer this manually.
We just can't offer (full-size) 2000-piece puzzles for this price, but fortunately there is a second option: you can clear the package through customs yourself. This involves sending the payment direct to Customs, and is no doubt troublesome, but if you don't think the job is worth £8 we will help as much as we can.
It's clear from a quick bit of web searching that there is widespread outrage about this. It is plainly dishonest of Parcelforce to take recipients as captive customers, and charge a fee that has not been agreed, particularly since it is not in fact necessary if you do the clearance yourself. For us it's really a huge problem — just look at those sales figures again.
The HMRC website is quite helpful, if unsympathetic to purchasers of small items from honest businesses: apparently the £18 limit is a EU directive, and customs are not "able" to waive a payment of a couple of pounds of VAT, so it's just unfortunate that Parcelforce get to rip you off for £8.
At the same time there is another problem, said to be losing the government £200 million in lost revenue. This is the "Channel Islands dodge" — if you buy something in the UK from a large online retailer in the UK, and the total comes to under £18, they will offer to sell it to you from Jersey or Guernsey (ah! childhood holidays...), and you can perfectly legally avoid paying the VAT on it. Of course this hurts small online retailers just like us, but in the UK, who do not have the scale economies to send things to the Channel Islands and back for nothing. There's quite a lot of outrage in this area too.
Of course the fundamental problem is that all of these rules and regulations were dreamt up by people whose techonogical grasp is somewhere late in the 19th century. The world has changed, and international retail is a reality which will not go away. There is a blindingly simple answer to both problems: the Channel Islands loophole ("loop" is oddly appropriate for once!) and the "handling charge" rip-off. Customs have to discover that with a sensible technological approach, they could collect amounts of VAT down to about a pound, scrap the £18, and scrap any third-party "profiteering" by Parcelforce. For example, it would be quite trivial for us to supply the customs declaration as a barcode, which would make the "analysis" stage of the operation take as long as a supermarket checkout.
This is a preliminary version -- details may change after I have consulted HMRC.
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0.982724 |
How to best measure a viscosity flow curve?
There are several ways to obtain viscosities at different shear rates using a rotational rheometer. For instance, we could gently ramp through the different speeds starting at the lowest and ending at the highest (good for a quick measurement where time is of the essence). Alternatively, we could step through the required shear rates as discussed later, while waiting for a steady state viscosity at each step. This is known as generating an equilibrium flow curve and is generally considered the better way to make the measurement, as the results are more reproducible across different instruments and geometries (measuring systems).
Malvern’s rheometer geometries are calibrated in an absolute way and so will give the correct (and same) results for a well-behaved sample across different instruments. These standard geometries include cone and plate, parallel plate or cup and bob, and many others which come in different sizes and surface finishes. Which type, size and surface finish is required largely depends on the shear rate range of interest and the sample type.
As a rule of thumb, if a very low viscosity sample (e.g. water or milk) is to be measured at low shear rates, we ideally use a measuring system with a large surface area to maximize the torque response from the applied shear rate. This need for a large surface area however is less important for higher shear rate measurements, where the stress and torque will be higher anyway. At higher shears, avoiding turbulence is key, and so it’s necessary to use a geometry with a narrower gap. There are geometries ideal for this, having both a large surface area and a narrow gap, such as narrow angled cones or parallel plates (eg Cone 1°/60mm, Plate 60mm).
Conversely, thicker samples are normally tested with a smaller cone or plate system to ensure that the instrument’s torque range best overlaps with the required stress range. Solid samples (such as plastic and rubber strips) are usually tested in a torsional clamp fixture where a long strip is clamped at both ends. Using these torsional fixtures, samples even as hard as glass or steel can be tested accurately.
In addition to the sample viscosity or modulus, we need to consider the presence of any large particles in the sample which may cause noisy and erroneous data if the gap is too narrow. As a general rule the gap should be at least 5 to 10 times the size of the largest particles otherwise the correct viscosity of the material is not being measured. If the particle size is very large (visibly lumpy) it would be better to use a cup and bob system with a wide gap than cone and plate or parallel plates.
Another key consideration is temperature since viscosity is usually temperature dependent. Any errors in temperature will, therefore, give errors in viscosity, particularly for oil based liquids which are more temperature sensitive. For these samples, a thermal enclosure should be used during measurement to prevent temperature gradients in the sample.
For samples prone to sedimentation, a cup and bob geometry (also known as a Couette geometry) is generally better, as settling occurs in a direction parallel to the geometry so particle concentration close to the geometry surface is relatively constant. For cone-plate or plate-plate, settling occurs in the direction perpendicular to the upper geometry surface and hence the concentration depletes over time with a consequent drop in measured viscosity.
Even in the absence of significant settling, there are often issues with measuring dispersions due to an effect called ‘wall slip’. This occurs because the concentration of the dispersed phase close to the geometry surface is lower than in the bulk and can result in the viscosity being underestimated. Wall slip can be counteracted in a number of ways, most notably by the use of roughened or serrated geometries which effectively take the geometry motion into the bulk of the sample and thus maximize sample-sample interactions at the expense of sample wall interactions.
Other than choosing the best measuring system, some other factors can also be important to generate good viscosity data. For instance, for equilibrium measurements, the delay time needs to be long enough for a steady viscosity value to be attained.
As can be seen from the chart below on the left, the viscosity of a shear thinning sample takes some time to reach an equilibrium value. This depends clearly on the sample’s structure and shear conditions applied – usually a viscoelastic sample at lower shear rate takes longer to reach equilibrium than a Newtonian sample for instance.
We can define the equilibrium conditions in terms of a “steady-state tolerance”, where the steady state is defined as dlogJ/dlogT, which is the rate of change of sample compliance (J) with time (where J = shear strain / shear stress). A steady state value of 1.000 shows that the material is at perfect equilibrium, a value lower than 1 indicates that the viscosity is increasing and a value higher than 1 indicates the viscosity is decreasing. Often when shear is initially applied to a sample, the viscosity takes a while to fall to an equilibrium and so the steady state starts above 1, but as time progresses it slowly comes to 1. Conditions can be set to determine when steady state is met, for example, a steady-state tolerance of +/- 0.02 (indicating that 0.98 to 1.02 is steady enough) and an acceptance time of 5 seconds may be a suitable starting point.
Sample drying or skinning at the surface – Best to use a solvent trap for volatile samples or samples prone to drying such as solvents or pastes respectively.
Sample fracture – Viscoelastic samples can be prone to fracture at higher shear rates due to elastic instabilities, this is often accompanied by an increase in Normal Force (measured on the upper plate) and a decrease in viscosity. If time permits, it’s good to watch the sample through at least one run to ensure that the sample is staying in the gap.
Bearing all of these things in mind, you should be well on your way to generating good reliable viscosity data! We hope you have every success in using your instruments, and are available for technical support or testing advice if needed. Please feel free to contact us to learn more!
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0.925025 |
"He likes to exercise, especially swimming."
I think hen is an option in this case.
There should not be a 很 as the English does not include "very".
Duolingo stated that, as a general rule, they use and require 很 in front of adjectives. You're right, though.
Well, what they deem to be such, anyway.
This exercise isn't consistent with the "他很喜歡做運動，特別是遊泳。"/"He likes to exercise, especially swimming." exercise; that exercise uses "做" for the same English sentence, but this one forbids use of "做".
It means about the same thing, with or without ”做“.
what is 是 doing there?
sentence seems to be missing "做"
Duolingo stated that they use 很 in front of adjectives and require it for this course as a general rule.
As I mentioned above, 喜欢 is not an adjective. There are lessons in this course where 很 is omitted in front of 喜欢.
The English sentence says 'he likes', not 'he really likes', therefore a translation without 很 should be accepted.
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0.996407 |
Calvinism and 2 Peter 2:1?
But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will also be false teachers among you, who will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing swift destruction upon themselves (NASB-95).
(Compare the use of the word "Master" rather than " Lord" in the ASB, Darby, ESV, HCSV, ISV, NET, NLT, WEV, YLT, etc.).
False teachers were already in the visible (see below) Church (2 Pet. 2:13 and note the present tense of the verbs in 2 Pet. 2:17; 3:5). The Greek term hairesis originally referred in a neutral sense to groups or sects and was used by Paul of divisive groups ("factions"; Gal 5:20). However, it soon came to denote the specific teachings of such groups that departed from the truth of the Gospel. Here teachings regarding Christian conduct were probably in view - conduct that placed the teachers under eschatological judgment (2 Pet. 2:3). See WCF 23.4.
The phrase "denying the sovereign Lord who bought them" is often misinterpreted (cf. Jude 1:4). Some like Henry Alford maintain, "No assertion of universal redemption can be plainer than this" (Alford's Greek Testament: An Exegetical and Critical Commentary, 5th ed., 4 vols. (1875; Grand Rapids: Guardian, 1976), vol. 4, pt. 2, p. 402). However, seeing these brought upon themselves "swift destruction" (2 Pet. 2:1) reveals that this cannot be the correct meaning, because if Jesus had given these false teachers eternal life, they would never have fallen away; as those people to whom Jesus has given eternal life "shall never perish" (John 10:28; also see Rom. 8:29-30, 32-35; Eph. 1:3-14).
So, Peter did not say that those for whom Christ died could actually lose their salvation (John 10:28-29; Rom 8:28-39).
What does the phrase "the sovereign Lord who bought them" mean?
These false teachers could have been bought in the sense that their association with the Church provided an escape from the corruption of the world. 2 Peter 2:20 makes this point stating, "For if, after they have escaped the defilements of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the last state has become worse for them than the first." (remember Ham, who was a member of the church was also lost [2 Pet 2:5] and Lot's wife in too [2 Peter 2:7-8]).
The elect's name were placed with the Lamb's Book of Life before the foundation of the world (Rev 13:8; 17:8 cf. Matt 15:34) - long before they were ever born. It should be noted that Christ was chosen for them at the same time (1 Pet 1:20).
The elect's name may NEVER be removed from the Lamb's Book of Life.
However, the Lamb's Book of Life contains more than just the elect's name. It also contains some of the non-elect. It contains some of God's acts of providence, as opposed to those predestined (Eph 1:4-5, 11), which would include some that are non-elect too. Because providence is mutable (changeable), one's standing before God can change from a providential perspective. This allows that some people may receive God's favor for a time even though they are not saved (e.g. Heb 11:20; 12:16). It also allows that some people may be included for a time among the sanctified ranks of the Church, even though they ultimately perish (e.g. 1 Cor 7:14; Heb 10:26-31).
Unbelievers who are in the Lamb's Book of Life in the process of time WILL BE blotted out (Psa 69:28; Rev 3:5). Please see "Losing Your Salvation" for more detail on this point.
If we view the whole of chapter of Psalm 69, we observe the differences between the character of the two types of people. The elect are those, who are saved (Psa 69:1), who know somewhat the depths of their own depravity (Psa 69:2-3), who are hated by those who do not know God (Psa 69:4), who desire (a desire given only at rebirth 1 Cor 2:14; Rom 8:6-8, etc.) to be known (that is have a relationship) with God (Psa 69:5), who endure persecution for the sake of that relationship (Psa 69:6-12), who continuously pray for mercy, grace, and deliverance (Psa 69:13-21, 29, 32-33), who hate evil and believe in God's sovereignty to deal with unbelievers, evil, and sin (Psa 69:22-28), who are thankful to God (Psa 69:30), who desire to please God (Psa 69:31), who look for his coming again (Psa 69:34-36).
Anything worthy or good in the elect noted above is given by grace alone by means of God's unchangeable predestination, election, and calling of them to eternal life (cf. Eph. 1:4-5, 11; John 6:44, 65; Rom. 8:28-30, etc.).
A related solution is found in two Greek words and their respective contexts: (1) "bought" (agorazo) and (2) "Master" or "Lord" (despotes).
Agorazo (to buy; redeem, acquire, by a ransom or price paid) is used 30 times in the New Testament. It can be used to refer to being bought in the sense of redemption (1 Cor. 6:20; 1 Cor. 7:23; Rev. 5:9; 14:3, 4). However, in the other 25 uses in the NASB it is translated in a secular sense meaning to purchase an item such as a field (Matt. 13:44), a pearl (Matt. 13:46), or food (Luke 9:13), (cf. Matt. 21:12; 25:9; Mark 15:46; Luke 22:36; John 6:5 Rev. 13:17, etc.). The overwhelming number of uses in the New Testament are non-redemptive in scope.
...of its thirty occurrences in the New Testament, agorazo is never used in a salvation context (unless 2 Peter 2:1 is the exception) without the technical term "price" (times - a technical term for the blood of Christ) or its equivalent being stated or made explicit in the context (cf. I Cor. 6:20; 7:23; Rev. 5:9; 14:3, 4).
While this is significant, the use of the term "Master" or "Lord" is as well.
Do you thus repay the Lord, you foolish and senseless people? Is not he your father, who created you, who made you and established you?
(note that Peter also alludes to Deut. 32:5 in 2 Pet. 2:13 making this connection even clearer).
The use of "Lord" (Master) as the one who "created," "made," and "established" is significant. As seen from its context, this word emphasizes God (or Christ) as sovereign ruler over the earth and the one who creates and establishes all things. This connection also seems to be consistent with the fact that Peter refers to the one denied as "Lord" (Greek: despotes meaning Lord, or Master), not "kurios" (Greek: Lord) as we might expect if spiritual redemption by the blood of Christ were in view.
'Is not he your Father who has bought you?'... Peter is drawing an analogy between the past false prophets who arose among the Jews and those who will be false teachers within the churches to which he writes... From the time of the exodus onward, any Jewish person would have considered himself or herself one who was 'bought' by God in the exodus and therefore a person of God's own possession... So the text means not that Christ had redeemed these false prophets, but simply that they were rebellious Jewish people (or church attenders in the same position as rebellious Jews) who were rightly owned by God because they had been bought out of the land of Egypt (or their forefathers had), but they were ungrateful to him.
Jesus, the Shepherd of the sheep, will lose no genuine sheep (John 10), but there are also wolves among the sheep (Matt. 7:15; Acts 20:29). By false teaching and practicing immorality (2 Pet. 2:2, 10, 13-15, 18-19), these false teachers continue to treat with disdain, scorn, and contempt the lordship of Christ and thus belied their own spurious profession of faith (1 John 2:3-6, 19). They are condemned goats, not sheep (Matt 25:31-46). See "What is Reprobation?" below.
Calvinism and Ezekiel 18:32; 33:11?
Calvinism and 2 Corinthians 5:14-15, 19?
Calvinism and 1 Timothy 2:4, 6?
Calvinism and 1 Timothy 4:10?
Calvinism and 2 Peter 3:9?
Calvinism and 1 John 2:2?
Is Strong's Concordance a good Bible dictionary?
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0.999432 |
10 reasons why we are weird.
1) We work hard. We like to work.
3) We don't watch TV. It improves our peace of mind.
4) We save. It improves our present and future. We give. It is the best investment.
5) We invest in ourselves and others. We are building a legacy.
7) We pay cash for our cars and our farm equipment. We don't borrow money.
8) We attend church every weekend and are actively involved.
9) We value relationships. God, Family and Friends.
10) We like good music, plays and movies.
We are living our dream. The way I see it weird is good.
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0.94661 |
Use references to reveal insights into job candidates.
Reference checking is an essential step toward minimizing risk in the hiring process. Yet anecdotal evidence suggests that a mere half of U.S. employers ever speak with the references supplied by job candidates. Comprehensive reference checking provides important opportunities not only to learn more about candidates, but also to evangelize your company, impress your candidates, and even develop new business.
How well can you really know a person by talking on the telephone and even meeting face to face? In some cases, not all that well. One recruiter said he and a hiring team recently identified a seemingly exemplary candidate, only to find by checking references that the candidate had a history of sexual harassment–including an active restraining order filed against him by a current colleague. One bad hire has the potential to ruin your company, so it pays to conduct adequate due diligence before selecting a person to join your organization.
The best sources of information, aside from the candidate, are former supervisors, colleagues and direct reports. Your candidate should supply you with detailed information regarding their chosen references including name, title, company, telephone number and relationship to the candidate. Also take advantage of your network by talking to individuals who can supply further insight into the candidate.
However, it is not advisable to do so-called “stealth reference checking” by contacting individuals at the candidate’s current and/or former places of employment. Should the candidate discover this additional check, he will probably perceive this as a lack of trust, and will also be understandably concerned about jeopardizing his professional relationships and even his current job.
These feelings could be difficult to overcome in developing a strong working relationship, should you decide to actually hire the candidate. Besides, “stealth” reference checks seldom produce insights that you can’t gather by adequately interviewing a candidate’s personally selected references.
Some hiring organizations seek only to verify a candidate’s former place(s) of employment. A fraction of companies, concerned about accusations of defamation, cautiously prohibit managers from disseminating information other than dates of employment. In fact, a recruiter is entitled to ask past employers anything not protected by equal protection laws that relates to a candidate’s ability to do a job.
Interviewing a candidate’s references is the most revealing, yet least well-utilized selection practice. Take advantage of this low-cost opportunity to gather information.
Identify what you really want to know about the candidate in order to make a hiring decision. Then, using those goals as a guide, prepare questions framed so they are likely to be answered in detail, and design follow-up questions that encourage each reference to give specifics behind his or her original answers. To get you started, here are a few examples.
When you want to know: Can this candidate do the job?
Ask: Did this candidate meet your expectations in fulfilling her job duties?
This is a great blanket question because it addresses a candidate’s ability to do the same or similar job. Past success or failure is usually predictive of success in the future. This question gets the reference to explain the specifics of a previous position and relate the candidate’s performance to each element.
Drill down by asking about the expectations or goals of the candidate’s position. Inquire about the candidate’s level of performance and whether the candidate simply met expectations or exceeded expectations. You are looking for a performer, so listen for a strong endorsement of her ability to understand the job and meet its demands.
Ask: How did this candidate handle X, Y and Z? (Fill in the blanks with two or three key responsibilities of the job)?
Select three key issues, responsibilities that must be understood completely and accomplished in an exemplary manner to achieve success in the role. Focus your inquiry around these responsibilities. Answers to specific questions about these qualities will tell you how successful your candidate has been in the past at dealing with the challenges you expect him to face in your company.
Ask: Do any of this candidate’s achievements stand out for you? How did these impact the company or department?
You want to hire an achievement-oriented person. Not only should the reference remember the achievement, he or she should be able to supply you with perceptions such as, “we were really proud of her, she topped sales for the department and for the state,” or, “he took the initiative here, and it was noticed by senior management.” Listen for comments colleagues make about employees who go the extra mile.
When you want to know: Will this candidate be easy to get along with?
Ask: How would you characterize this candidate’s relationships with her supervisor/ peers/ direct reports?
Will your candidate be a daily source of positive energy or a drain on morale? How your candidate’s supervisors, peers and direct reports perceived her, reacted to her, and worked with her is indicative of how your staff may interact with her. Candidates usually present their people skills in the best possible light during an interview process. By probing about a candidate’s relationships over time, you may establish a more accurate picture of the person.
When you want to know: Will this candidate be a team player?
Ask: Tell me about a time when you noticed this candidate went above and beyond for the benefit of the team, demonstrated a high level of commitment to a project, or overcame large obstacles to complete a project.
You not only want your candidate to be a team player and meet expectations, you want him to go above and beyond. Is he a dedicated employee or perhaps focused on employee development as a manager? Of course, these simple questions evoke strong “yes” responses, but digging deeper will give you a better sense of the extent to which your candidate embodies these values. If the reference can not think of any stories to answer this question, you may be getting a red flag that your candidate is not a team player or does just enough to get by without ever going the extra mile.
When you want to know: Does this candidate have bad habits you should know about?
Ask: What are some areas this candidate could improve upon?
Begin this one by acknowledging that no one is perfect, and everyone has areas to work on. In addition to the actual answer, listen for the area the reference chooses to focus on. Did the weakness pertain to maturity, inexperience, interpersonal skills or ability? The importance of the area is whether an improvement can be made, and what caused the weakness in the first place. Stronger candidates may be weak in skills that they have not had the opportunity to develop.
Be wary of candidates who should have improved this weakness by this time. Another mark of strong candidates is that they are often aware and focused on improving the weakness.
Reference checking is an often undervalued tool for gaining other perspectives on a candidate before you make a hiring decision. Although the preparation requires extra effort, the investment in making a good hiring decision is worth the time spent. Don’t miss this opportunity to gain important insights into your candidate’s performance history, interpersonal skills and capacity to make a contribution to the team.
Debra Woog, based in the Boston area, is principal of connect2 Corporation (http://www.connecttwo.com/) and coaches leaders to be expert managers. She can be contacted at 781-646-5689 or at [email protected].
Nicole Moss provides emerging companies with recruiting consulting services through her company Blueprint. She can be reached at [email protected].
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0.874221 |
Three experiments with three replicates in each; how to apply calculate SEM?
I have done the same experiment three times and in each experiment the same thing was done three times; thus I have nine data points for every sample. Should I average the three within-experiment-replicates and use those three values find a super-average and calculate an SEM or should I use all nine values to calculate an average and SEM? Obviously the average will come out the same but the SEM won't.
I think I should use the SEM calculated from the three averages because there were three experiments and the three replicates within each experiment were not really separate because they were being done together. This also reduces the value of the SEM which I think makes the data look more reliable.
I made up some data to produce an example.
Use each experiment as a sample. The within experiment replicates are not considered to be separate replicates unless you actually set them up independently (e.g. made up drug dilutions for each sample independently rather than using the same solution for all). This will give you a larger SEM as the sample size is reduced, but is more valid statistically.
Dropping it into a 2-way ANOVA will (hopefully) confirm that the Exp's are not sig. different.
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0.991767 |
If a triangle is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is acute?
It turns out that solving this problem involves not only Euclidean geometry and Probability, but also Average value of a function, from calculus.
Kurt is a student of mine, the smartest math student I have ever encountered in 33 years of teaching. He is in 10th grade, having completed Calculus AB in 8th grade, BC in 9th. He is now taking multivariable calculus online given by Stanford. This morning he came into my stat class. I casually said to him, "Hey Kurt, what is the probability that a triangle chosen at random is acute?"
So when he stopped into my room for a study hall 2 hours later, I asked him if he had a solution. He said that he didn't work long on it but he believed the answer was 19.3%.
I was stunned because when I simulated the problem using Fathom (a terrific statistical program put out by Key Curriculum Press), I suspected the answer was 20%. How in the world did this kid do the problem?
C = 180 - A - B.
First, using the definition above, the chance of choosing angle A to be obtuse is 0.5. So the chance of all three angles being acute must be less than 0.5.
If A=30, then the other two angles must add to 150. That means that one of the other two angles must be between 60 and 90 in order for the triangle to be acute (neglecting right triangles whose probability is zero). So the probability of the triangle being acute is (90-60)/150 = 30/150.
If A=70, the other two angles must add to 110. That means that one of the other two angles must be between 20 and 90 in order for the triangle to be acute. So the probability of the triangle being acute is (90-20)/150 = 70/150.
Suppose that A is chosen and is acute. That will leave (180-A)-90 and 90. 90-[(180-A)-90] = A. So the probability of the triangle with acute angle A being acute is A/(180-A).
Obviously there are infinite possibilities of angle A giving infinite probabilities of the angle being acute, each infinitely small.
So Kurt decides to sum these probabilities up and takes the average probability. So he integrates the expression x/(180-x) from 0 to 90 and divides by 90. This, of course, is the average value of a function. He ends up with 0.386.
He then multiplies by 0.5 because he must multiply the result by the probability that A was acute to begin with. He gets 0.193.
I have simulated this in Fathom 10,000 times and my results are just about the same. A terrific use of probability theory and calculus. This from a 10th grader.
Still has me in shock.
And if you randomly chose the lengths of the sides instead, would your answer be the same? 20% seems low, but I'm not certain how to dive in.
If we randomly chose 6 numbers from 0 to 1, and treated them as three ordered pairs, we would have a triangle on a unit square. I think the probabilities are quite different here. Also, unlike my previous proposal, the probability of generating a non-triangle would be very very small.
But let's look back at what the kid did. The first angle is chosen arbitrarily. OK. But all angles (0,180) are treated equally likely, but we know every triangle has 2 or 3 angles on (0,90) and only 0 or 1 on (90,180). It seems that the work has bias towards non-acute triangles.
Hi, nice blog! I saw it mentioned over at Jonathon's blog. It's a cool puzzle but I have to say I'm a bit surprised at the teacher. For one, I agree with Jonathon, the method for generating random triangles is somewhat odd, and definitely skews the distribution, in my opinion (though it makes for more interesting/complicated math!) The method another commenter and I describe seems much more logical and elegant.
Also, I don't understand the teacher's (persistent) shock. Yes, the student's math skills are quite impressive. But the article says he completed BC calculus the previous year. Surely the integration skills involved in this problem should be well within his abilities? What I mean is, Kurt is extremely talented. But one of his teachers, one who knows that he's completed basic calculus courses already, shouldn't be shocked every time the student is able to apply his calculus.
But what really disappoints me is the teacher's use of this "Fathom" program. (I'm assuming the teacher in question is a math teacher and possesses knowledge of calculus.) Aren't math teachers supposed to emphasize and embrace logic and calculation over computers and number-crunching? The solution of course is ln 2 - (1/2). The integration is quite simple and took me only a couple minutes. And I'm a doctor, not a math teacher.
Hi Darmok and thanks for your kind comment.
1. Your green/red triangle is a neat way to explain your solution.
2. Yeh, the integration is no big deal.
3. Math instructors always get excited when a student is motivated to complete non-assessed work, and especially when they have an intelligent go at it.
4. You seem concerned about the math teacher using a tool to help solve the problem. I would hope that we have moved on from mindless calculation. (Logic is not mindless, I hasten to add. And I am certainly not advocating a calculation-free zone in math classes.) The tools are there to help, after all. But rubbish in, rubbish out, of course.
Isn't the desire to stop math teachers from using computers a bit like asking doctors to perform their duties without the benefit of high end tools like MRI and the like? If you've got the tool, and can use it appropriately, surely it should be used.
5. As a doctor, could I invite you to comment on Vlorbik's statement about doctor math on It's Fun to Hate Math. I still hang on to the naive belief that we are teaching mathematics for a purpose beyond algebra for its own sake, and something more than navel gazing.
I suppose it depends on the tool and the intended use. I don't propose that computers not be used at all. But if a patient came to me with a leg injury, I'd first use my clinical skills to determine the nature of the injury, and if appropriate, obtain an x-ray. MRIs can be used for diagnosing "hidden" fractures that x-rays don't reveal, but they'd hardly be the first choice.
Computers and calculators are great. When I was taking calculus, I'd often use my calculator to approximate the answer to see if my result was reasonable. But the teacher in this case seems to have gone straight to "Fathom"—there's no indication he ever worked the problem out for himself.
I suppose you two and I have different views on math—the conceptualization and analytical thinking required for these problems is part of the appeal to me.
But the strangest thing for me is that this seems like such a simple problem. I don't know how adept he is at this "Fathom" or how long it takes to set it up, but it seems to me that solving such a trivial problem can't have taken much longer than it would take to set up the simulation. I suppose I just grew up with a different breed of math teacher.
the probability of getting an acute triangle when 3 points is picked at random is 0 by the way.
The solution of this problem is really easy.
You couldn't see it and you use the hard way, and not even get it right.
I'm pretty sure "random triangle" is not a well defined concept. Going about it in different ways yields different results.
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0.999497 |
Top Gun: Maverick was expected to be released on 12th July 2019. According to the latest update from set, the official release date is postponed to 26th June, 2020. Top Gun fans will be watching Tom Cruise once more as Maverick. Cruise will be accompanied by actor Miles Teller (Whiplash).
Further details of Top Gun 2 are still kept unveiled. However, director Joseph Kosinki has shared some clues for the fans about the upcoming feature. Kosinki believes that the Navy has come a long way from 1986. For that reason, the current day should be represented in the modern times.
Tom Cruise has recently shared an iconic quote from the first movie on his personal Twitter account. Most probably, this tweet was for announcing that they have started shooting Top Gun 2. Unfortunately, the release date of Top Gun: Maverick has been postponed to 26th of June, 2020. Apparently, the fans of Top Gun will have to wait longer for the film.
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0.946141 |
How to build an Incredible team?
What does it require to make a team?
According to Katzenbach & Smith(1993), the "official" definition of a team, given in any good Organizational Behavior book,is a " Small group with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for common Purpose, Goals, and Approach ."
In the beginnings of the story, the Incredible family is lacking from any common goals, Purpose, approach.
On the opposite, they have conflicting goals and objectives.
Helen strives for security, maintaining harmony and protecting her family from fame and being too visible. She's quite controlling.
Violet wants to hide herself and retrieves herself from the family unit.
The Dash, like his father, is eager to show off and get the world's admiration and recognition.
They stuff their feelings, they hide from each other, they suppress their fears and vulnerability.
It's only when they are faced with a major crisis, bob's disappearance, that they discover their Purpose.
They are united against the evil Buddy and his monster robot: their purpose is to save the world!
Their goals are to protect their family members and unity.
Their approach is a plan that allows everyone to contribute to the success of the team.
That is when each member of the team can eventually show their complementary skills, and respect each other's differences and talents, that they become an incredibly high-performing team.
The final victory is actually achieved thanks to the most ignored member of the family: the youngest and "powerless" baby, Jack-Jack.Like in most fairy tales, the third son, …or the the third daughter, the youngest child usually poor and helpless, gains some credit unexpectedly and reveals himself to be the Prince (or the Princess).Here, he has the power to assume the form of any superhero, to "shape shift", the mutable element…, the wonderful surprise!
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0.979348 |
Horses, normally, do not venture out in the open if they are provided with the basic necessities inside the yard. However, on certain occasions, a horse might be tempted to go out on the street, and that may turn out to be dangerous. Hence, it is important to keep them inside. How, you ask? An electric horse fence is the answer.
Horses exhibit personality traits that are very much similar to human beings. They do not like to be trapped in enclosed areas and they love to roam freely, though within the yard. They hate walls and other opaque surfaces which prevent them from seeing the outside world. However, if they are supplied with adequate food and water, they are unlikely to break the barrier and go out. However, certain circumstances may force a horse to break the barrier and set itself free. Hence, it is necessary to install a fence that can successfully 'contain' the horse inside.
Invisible fencing does not work well with horses as they are likely to get tangled in the wires that are barely visible. Wooden or concrete barriers are dangerous, because the horse might try and break them if it is determined to go out. Horses act on instincts when they panic and get themselves seriously injured.
Electric fences have been criticized for being painful to animals. Yet, one can't deny the fact that they are very much effective in keeping animals, like horses and dogs, inside the yard, where they are safe.
Electric Fence Wire: It carries the electric charge across the fence. It is the 'active' or hot part, and is located above the ground.
Energizer: Energizer generates the electric charge and pushes it through the fence. This power is delivered in a series of pulses, which are transmitted per second to comply with the safety standards. Continuous pulses are not generated so as to give the horse some time to free itself from the fence.
Ground System: It comprises metal rods that are dug inside the ground. It is the 'inactive' part in the assembly, which only becomes active when the circuit is completed; or in other words, whenever the animal touches the fence.
The working principle of this fence is fairly simple; the circuit completes only when the horse comes in contact with the fence and ground. The energizer and ground system have a gap between them, which prevents the circuit from completing. The horse touches the fence and the circuit is completed, allowing the charge to pass. This charge flows through the body of the horse, resulting in a mild shock. Though the shock is not very painful, it is enough to startle the animal and prevent it from coming anywhere near the fence in future.
The cost incurred on installing an electric fence will depend on the perimeter of your yard. On an average, it will cost you anywhere between 48 to 75 cents per foot. While critics call for a ban on this system citing the pain it causes to the animal, horse-keepers do vouch for the safety and effectiveness of this fencing.
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0.999978 |
The Fourier transform is commonly used for frequency analysis of sounds. However, it has some disadvantages when it comes to analyzing the human perception of sound. For example, its frequency bins are linear, whereas the human ear responds to frequency logarithmically, not linearly.
Wavelet transforms can modify the resolution for different frequency ranges, unlike the Fourier transform. The wavelet transform’s properties allow large temporal supports for lower frequencies while maintaining short temporal widths for higher frequencies.
The Morlet wavelet is closely related to human perception of hearing. It can be applied to music transcription and produces very accurate results that are not possible using Fourier transform techniques. It is capable of capturing short bursts of repeating and alternating music notes with a clear start and end time for each note.
The constant-Q transform (closely related to the Morlet wavelet transform) is also well suited to musical data. As the output of the transform is effectively amplitude/phase against log frequency, fewer spectral bins are required to cover a given range effectively, and this proves useful when frequencies span several octaves.
The transform exhibits a reduction in frequency resolution with higher frequency bins, which is desirable for auditory applications. It mirrors the human auditory system, whereby at lower-frequencies spectral resolution is better, whereas temporal resolution improves at higher frequencies.
My question is this: Are there other transforms which closely mimic the human auditory system? Has anyone attempted to design a transform that anatomically/neurologically matches the human auditory system as closely as possible?
For example, it is known that human ears have a logarithmic response to sound intensity. It is also known that equal-loudness contours vary not only with intensity, but with the spacing in frequency of spectral components. Sounds containing spectral components in many critical bands are perceived as louder even if the total sound pressure remains constant.
Finally, the human ear has a frequency-dependent limited temporal resolution. Perhaps this could be taken into account as well.
The ability of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to provide good time and frequency localization has made it a popular tool in time–frequency analysis of signals. Wavelets exhibit constant-Q property, which is also possessed by the basilar membrane filters in the peripheral auditory system. The basilar membrane filters or auditory filters are often modeled by a Gammatone function, which provides a good approximation to experimentally determined responses. The filterbank derived from these filters is referred to as a Gammatone filterbank. In general, wavelet analysis can be likened to a filterbank analysis and hence the interesting link between standard wavelet analysis and Gammatone filterbank. However, the Gammatone function does not exactly qualify as a wavelet because its time average is not zero. We show how bona fide wavelets can be constructed out of Gammatone functions. We analyze properties such as admissibility, time-bandwidth product, vanishing moments, which are particularly relevant in the context of wavelets. We also show how the proposed auditory wavelets are produced as the impulse response of a linear, shift-invariant system governed by a linear differential equation with constant coefficients. We propose analog circuit implementations of the proposed CWT. We also show how the Gammatone-derived wavelets can be used for singularity detection and time–frequency analysis of transient signals.
This paper describes a method for obtaining a perceptually motivated and perfectly invertible time-frequency representation of a sound signal. Based on frame theory and the recent non-stationary Gabor transform, a linear representation with resolution evolving across frequency is formulated and implemented as a non-uniform filterbank. To match the human auditory time-frequency resolution, the transform uses Gaussian windows equidistantly spaced on the psychoacoustic “ERB” frequency scale. Additionally, the transform features adaptable resolution and redundancy. Simulations showed that perfect reconstruction can be achieved using fast iterative methods and preconditioning even using one filter per ERB and a very low redundancy (1.08). Comparison with a linear gammatone filterbank showed that the ERBlet approximates well the auditory time-frequency resolution.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged fourier-transform frequency-spectrum wavelet music psychoacoustics or ask your own question.
How do you change pitch with wavelet transforms in MATLAB?
Mathematical reason for MCPP in audio recognition?
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0.940478 |
In 1786 the sultan of Kedah granted the island of Penang to the British East India Company; until 1867 it was known to the British as Prince of Wales Island. Malacca was first occupied by the British from 1795 to 1818, and was formally ceded by the Dutch in 1825; meanwhile Singapore was acquired in 1819. Penang, Malacca, and Singapore were united in 1826 as the Straits Settlements, which came under British India until 1867, when they became a crown colony. The governors of the Straits Settlements (1826-1946) are listed below. During the Second World War the Straits Settlements, along with Britain's other territories in south-east Asia, were overrun by the Japanese, who were in occupation of Malacca and Penang from December 1941 and Singapore from February 1942.
Labuan, a small island off Borneo, was ceded to Britain by the sultan of Brunei in 1846, with James Brooke acting as first lieutenant-governor from 1847; it became a crown colony in 1848, but was entrusted to the British North Borneo Company in 1890 and then to the governor of the Straits Settlements in 1905. The lieutenant-governors (1847-56) and governors (1856-90) of Labuan are listed below.
North Borneo was ceded by the sultan of Brunei to a British syndicate led by Alfred Dent in 1877; from 1881 it was administered by the British North Borneo Company, becoming a full protectorate in 1882. (Brunei itself became a British protected state in 1888 and a full protectorate in 1906.) During the Second World War North Borneo was occupied by the Japanese. In 1946 North Borneo, now incorporating Labuan, became a British crown colony. In 1963 North Borneo, renamed Sabah, joined the Federation of Malaysia (see below). The governors of British North Borneo (1881-1963) are listed below.
British residents were appointed in Perak and Selangor in 1874, and in Negri Sembilan and Pahang in 1888; these four states formed the Federated Malay States in 1896, with the government in the hands of a resident-general (from 1911 chief secretary, and from 1936 federal secretary) responsible to the governor of the Straits Settlements acting as high commissioner for the Federated Malay States. The administrators of the Federated Malay States from 1896 to 1942 are listed below. From 1904 the governor of the Straits Settlements also acted as high commissioner for the 'unfederated Malay states' (Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, and Terengganu, joined in 1914 by Johor).
In 1946 Singapore became a separate colony, while Malacca and Penang were united with the federated and unfederated Malay states to form the Union of Malaya. This was replaced by the Federation of Malaya in 1948, with the governor elevated to a high commissioner. The Federation of Malaya achieved internal self-government in 1955 and independence in 1957. Below are listed the governor (1946-8), high commissioners (1948-57), and chief minister (1955-7) of the Federation of Malaya.
In 1957 Tunku Abdul Rahman became the first prime minister of independent Malaya.
a British pre-war perspective on life in the Malaysian archipelago.
This series of recollections shows the sheer variety of jobs and situations that members of the Malayan Police had to undertake during the decade of the Malayan Emergency. In many ways the police were more of a paramilitary force with enormous counter-insurgency responsibilities placed upon them. It is also the account of an ultimately highly successful collaboration at all levels although many did indeed pay a high price indeed to keep the Communist threat at bay.
David Brent explains the challenges and difficulties of sweeping the Malayan jungles in the search for Communist Terrorists in the 1950s. He details the cooperation required between the various police, paramilitary and army units in coordinating and conducting these necessary but unpleasant jungle patrols.
David Brent recalls the sounds, sights, textures and smells that he had enjoyed growing up in Malaya and later serving as a Malay Police officer during the height of the Malayan Emergency. He remembers many of the intresting characters he met and worked with and discusses some of the police work that had necessarily been modified by the Communist Insurgency.
David Brent explains how and why the British were able to defeat the Communist insurgency that raged in the Malay Peninsula from 1948 to 1960. He emphasises the importance of clear goals, intelligence gathering systems and sensitivity to the local culture and people and their political aspirations.
An account of Hubert Berkeley who was one of the more idiosyncratic imperial administrators in the remote parts of Northern Malaya from 1891 to 1925.
R. E. Pitt explains the difficulties and pitfalls of travelling around Northern Malaya at the height of the 'Emergency' whilst trying to continue the work of the Public Words Department.
R. R. H. Horsley recalls the security arrangements put into place whilst working with the Department of Mines in Malaya as the colony attempted to keep its economy going through the darkest days of the Emergency.
John H Grieve gives a brief oveview of the history of the Malayan police force from its inception in Penang in the 18th Century to the eve of the Malayan Emergency in 1948.
Roderick MacLean gives a brief overview of the development and administration of the Malayan Civil Service from its ancestry in Penang in the Eighteent Century to its culmination with Independence for Malaysia and beyond.
David Brent recalls his time in the Malayan Police as they attempted to deal with the opium trade on the East coast of Malaya in the 1950s.
J. S. A. Lewis, O.B.E. explains the odd series of events that saw British officials become involved in the sale and distribution of Opium throughout Malaya and his own role in permitting and regulating that trade. He further details how and why the government eventually wound down and ultimately banned the sale of Opium.
J. S. A. Lewis gives a vivid account of some ghostly goings-on whilst a custom's officer in Depression hit Malaya in the 1930s.
Brian Stewart remembers his time in Malaya working for the Chinese Secretariat (or Chinese Protectorate) which became an unexpectedly important institution in the fight against the Chinese rebels during the Emergency.
John Gullick explains his role in accompanying the British invasion of Malaya in September 1945 and attempting to reassert control in a land torn apart by war. He also explains how he had to deal with their recent allies turned rivals the MPAJA.
John Gullick explains the role he played in helping to organise and run the first general election in Malaya in 1955 and how it helped embed a post-colonial transition of power.
John Gullick recalls his role in ensuring that the Negri Sembilan rulers could sign and seal the 1948 Federation of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur.
John Gullick recalls the stories of 'Old Sinister' better known as Arthur Frederick Richards, 1st Baron Milverton.
John Gullick considers the selective memories that have made it difficult for people to appreciate the constitutional contribution made by Britain to modern day Malaysia.
David Brent explains how even the most mundane police duties could be transformed by the magical quality of the nature and fauna of Malaya.
Russell Jones recounts what it was like patrolling the Malaya - Thailand border in the late 1940s.
1965 Singapore withdraws from Malaysia. Becomes a city state.
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0.956555 |
Which Country Produces the Most Dry Onion in the World?
In 2015, the countries with the highest levels of dry onion production were China (X thousand tonnes), India (X thousand tonnes), the United States (X thousand tonnes), together accounting for X% of total output.
From 2007 to 2015, the most notable growth rates of dry onion production among the main producing countries was attained by India (+X% per year), while the other global leaders experienced mixed trends in the output figures.
Global dry onion production amounted to X thousand tonnes in 2015, rising by +X% against the previous year level. Overall, the global dry onion output pursued a pronounced growth from 2007 to 2015. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticable fluctuations throughout the analyzed period. The total output figures increased at an average annual rate of +X%. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2011, when the output figure increased by +X% from the previous year level. Over the period under review, the global dry onion production reached its maximum volume in 2015, and is likely to continue its growth in the immediate term.
Over the analyzed period, an increase in global dry onion production was primarily driven by population growth. Furthermore, these key drivers are expected to continue promoting the dry onion output in the immediate term. This general positive trend was largely conditioned by a robust expansion of the harvested area and a noticeable contraction of the yield figures.
The world dry onion harvested area amounted to X thousand ha in 2015, which was X% more than the previous year figure. The dry onion harvested area indicated a noticeable increase over the period under review, representing a compound annual growth rate of +X% from 2007 to 2015. This trend pattern, however, indicated some mild fluctuations over the recent years. Over the period under review, the total dry onion harvested area peaked in 2015, and is likely to continue its expansion in the immediate term, following rising demand over the globe.
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0.959229 |
How do I find out what learning style my students have?
Why does it matter to me what my students learning styles are?
People are most effective when taught in their personal learning style. Though it is possible for people to learn using any one of the learning styles, it has been proven that we learn more effectively and efficiently if we are taught according to our preferential learning style.
So how are these included in your teaching/instructing?
Correction - Visual / Auditory.
But what happens in a classroom environment, when we are covering theory aspects of the course?
Its all about the way we prepare for our sessions and the teaching aids we have availabile.
- Auditory - Explain and describe the colour schemes, shapes and relevance.
- Kinesthetic - Incorporate a game of pictionary and get your students drawing pictures of the buoys, or make up some tactile models of buoys and place them onto the chart in the relevant places.
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0.999546 |
Many countries have made divorce easier over the past few decades, dropping fault requirements in favor of mutual agreement, or even allowing unilateral divorce (i.e. not requiring the consent of both spouses). Separation requirements have also been reduced or dropped. Is this trend a good idea? What are the short- and long-term consequences for couples and for society as a whole?
A number of studies have analyzed the social impact of recent reforms in divorce legislation across countries. The results suggest that the introduction of unilateral divorce raised divorce rates, at least temporarily, and that unilateral divorce reforms probably had some negative effects for couples who were “trapped” in the transition (married under the previous divorce law regime and “surprised” by the reforms). However, no-fault and unilateral divorce reforms cannot explain the large increases in divorce rates in many countries in the second half of the 20th century.
In addition, a number of studies have found that legal, easy, unilateral divorce may have positive economic and social consequences, including increasing saving rates among married individuals, and reducing the level of intrahousehold conflict and domestic violence (even in couples that remain intact). Moreover, in the long term, unilateral divorce seems to have led to better (if fewer) marriages, probably with lower divorce rates, suggesting that the overall long-term effects of the reforms are likely to be welfare-enhancing. Also, recent reforms favoring joint child custody seem to have encouraged marriage and fertility.
However, it is worth noting that unilateral divorce combined with equal division of property, as well as reforms that favor joint custody of children, may depress female employment, at least for some groups of women, which some countries may want to avoid. Some recent findings suggest, though, that unilateral divorce may increase fairness and lead to fewer distortions of labor supply if combined with separate property or prenuptial agreements.
Policymakers should also keep in mind the potential effects of changes in divorce laws on children, both in the short and long term. Introducing unilateral divorce can improve outcomes for children born to couples who were married after the reforms were introduced, while it may harm children born shortly before the reforms. Although the channels are still not well understood, this negative effect may be the consequence, at least in part, of the temporary increase in divorce rates following reforms that make divorce easier, and increases in poverty among divorced mothers. Thus, policies that facilitate income and other forms of support for children of parents who divorce soon after reforms in the divorce law may help alleviate such effects.
Read Libertad Gonzalez's article Should divorce be easier or harder?
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0.946118 |
Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, chiliastic Christian religion. They consider the Bible to be the ultimate authority for their teachings and practices. This denomination emerged from the Bible Student movement, founded in 1872 by Charles Taze Russell, with the creation of the Watch Tower Society. It underwent significant structural alterations between 1917 and the 1940s, having its authority organization centralized and its preaching techniques brought under greater regimentation. The religion reports international membership of over 7 million adherents involved in preaching; they report annual convention and memorial attendance between 12 and 18 million.
They are prominently known for their door-to-door preaching, and for their refusal of military service and blood transfusions even in life-threatening situations. The religion's stance of conscientious objection to military service has brought it to contend with governments that draft citizens for military service, and activities of Jehovah's Witnesses have been consequently banned in some nations. Jehovah's Witnesses have had a major impact on US constitutional law concerning civil liberties and conscientious objection to military service. They endeavor to remain unattached from secular society, which is regarded as a place of moral contamination and under the control of Satan the Devil, and limit their social contact with non-Witnesses.
Since its inception, the Watch Tower Society has taught that humanity is enduring the last days of the present world order. In the years leading up to 1914, 1925 and 1975, the Society's publications expressed strong expectations of Armageddon occurring in those years, resulting in surges in membership and following defections. The Watchtower later stated that it "regretted" the expectations that had been raised concerning 1975 by "persons having to do with the publication of the information".
Their belief system greatly diverges from traditional Christian theology, which has caused several major Christian denominations to denounce the group as either a cult or sect. Studies of the religion have described it as authoritarian, claiming it demands unquestioning obedience from followers, with the consequence of expulsion and shunning facing those who oppose its doctrines.
Jehovah's Witnesses are organized under a hierarchical layout, which their leadership calls a "theocratic government", reflecting their belief that it is God's organization on earth.
The organization is headed by the Governing Body – an all-male group that varies in numbers, but since 2007 has comprised nine members, all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life – based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn, New York headquarters. There is no election for governing membership, with new members appointed by the existing body. The Governing Body is described as the "spokesman" for God's "Faithful and Discreet Slave class" (the approximately 10,000 remaining "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses), and is said to supply "spiritual food" for Witnesses worldwide on behalf of the "Faithful and Discreet Slave". In practice it seeks neither advice nor approval from any "anointed" Witnesses other than high-ranking members at Brooklyn Bethel when formulating policy and doctrines or when creating material for publications and conventions.
The Governing Body directs multiple committees that are responsible for various administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activity. It directly appoints all branch committee members and District and Circuit Overseers, with traveling supervisors overseeing groups of congregations within their jurisdictions.
Jehovah's Witnesses have no formal clergy-laity division. Each congregation has a body of selected male elders and ministerial servants. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, choosing speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and determine disciplinary action for cases that are seen as breaching scriptural or organizational laws. New elders are chosen by the Watch Tower Society after recommendation by the existing body of elders. Ministerial servants – appointed in a fashion similar to that of the elders – fulfill clerical and attendant duties, but may also teach and conduct meetings.
Doctrinal positions are obtained by what Witness publications describe as "progressive revelation". The term is not explicitly defined in Watch Tower literature, but is commonly explained as the application of reason and study as well as the undefined guidance of the Holy Spirit. The Watchtower has also implied that the organization has received direct, latter-day revelations, including messages from "invisible angels".
The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, correct word of God. The Witnesses accept the Bible as scientifically and historically accurate and reliable, and interpret much of it literally, while also accepting it is abundant in symbolism. They claim to use the Bible as the basis for all of their beliefs, although studies of the religion show that the traditional teachings of Russell, as well as the pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower publications, carry at least as much weight as the Bible, if not more. The leadership of Jehovah's Witnesses claims to be the single visible channel of Jehovah and asserts that the Bible cannot be understood without its assistance.
Also pronounced YAHWEH, the name "Jehovah" is a hybrid rendering of the biblical Hebrew letters "yod-hey-vav-hey" (YHWH), the Tetragrammaton combined with the vowel sounds of Adonai, the Hebrew name for God.
Emphasis is given to the use of God's biblical name, the Tetragrammaton, and in English they favor using the name, Jehovah. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jehovah is the one and only true God, the creator of all things, and give him the title "Universal Sovereign". They believe that all of their worship should be directed toward him.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus was Jehovah's first creation, that Jehovah then created everything else by means of Jesus, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's 'only-begotten Son'. Jesus served as a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of all humankind. They believe that Jesus was a killed on a single upright torture stake rather than the traditional cross. They believe that bilical references to the Archangel Michael, Apollyon and Abaddon, and the Word all refer to Jesus.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Satan is the evil, invisible ruler of the world. He was at one time a perfect angel, but he developed feelings of self-importance and craved worship that belonged to God the Father. Satan persuaded Adam and Eve to obey him rather than God, and mankind subsequently became participants in a challenge involving the competing claims of Jehovah and Satan to universal sovereignty. Other angels who also followed Satan in rebelling against God became demons. They teach that Satan and his demons were cast down to earth from heaven in October 1914, at which point the end of times began. Satan continues to mislead people and he and the demons are said to be the cause of much pain and anguish.
Witness publications teach that all of humanity lies in a sinful state. Release from this is possible because Jesus' shed blood provided a payment, or atonement for the sins of all people. Witnesses believe there are two destinations for those who are saved by God. They say the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. The remainder have the hope of living eternally in an earthly paradise. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that the only scriptural hope of surviving Armageddon comes through cleaving to the biblical teachings, including faith in Jesus' shed blood. Those who do not present such faith and become part of God's "organization" face destruction at Armageddon. Following Armageddon, most people will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever.
Witness publications teach that God's Kingdom is a government in heaven, ruled by Jesus Christ and 144,000 people selected from the earth. The kingdom is viewed as the means by which God will accomplish his original purpose for the earth, bringing about a world free of crime, illness, death, and poverty, ultimately transforming earth into a paradise. The kingdom is said to have been the focal point of Jesus' ministry on earth. It was established in heaven in 1914.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that death is a condition of non-existence without consciousness. They do not believe in any Hell of fiery torture. Hades and Sheol are understood to refer to the state of death, termed the common grave. They consider the body and soul to be the living entity that expires. Their hope for life after death involves being resurrected by God, either with a new body on earth after Armageddon, or to heaven as one of the limited number of 144,000.
Watch Tower publications stress that members of the religion are not compelled to remain part of the congregation. However, Jehovah's Witness doctrines provide no legitimate reason for baptised members to leave the religion. Those who do choose to depart and announce their decision to terminate their membership are described as apostates and antichrists. Watch Tower publications direct that they are to be shunned by other Witnesses, including even close relatives. Sociologist Andrew Holden claims his research indicated many Witnesses who would otherwise defect because of disillusionment with the organization and its teachings retain affiliation for fear of being shunned and losing contact with friends and family members.
Meetings for study and worship are held at Kingdom Halls. Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they reside and are expected to attend meetings weekly as scheduled by congregation elders. The meetings are essentially devoted to study of the Bible and Witness doctrines. The form and content of the meetings is established by the religion's Brooklyn headquarters, with the content of meetings in any week largely synchronized around the world. The week's two meetings are divided into five distinct sections, lasting a total of about four hours, with meetings opened and closed with hymns and brief prayers delivered from the platform. The Kingdom Halls are generally functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. Each year, Witnesses from multiple congregations that form a "circuit" gather for one-day and two-day assemblies. Several circuits meet annually for a three-day "district convention", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and sacred event is the celebration of the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death".
Jehovah's Witnesses are probably best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs throughout the world. They do this mainly by visiting people from door to door. Free home Bible studies are offered to any people who show interest in their beliefs, which they present with the aid of their publications, such as The Watchtower. Witness literature is published in many languages through a wide variety of books, magazines and other publications, with a small selection available in over 440 languages. Witnesses are instructed to devote as much time as possible to preaching activities, and are required to submit a monthly report to their congregation on their 'witnessing' activity.
The Jehovah's Witness view of morality reflects conservative Christian values. All extra-marital sexual relations are grounds for expulsion (disfellowshipping) if the accused is not deemed repentant. Abortions are considered murder. Modesty in wardrobe and grooming is frequently emphasized. Gambling, drunkenness, illegal drugs, and use of tobacco are forbidden. Drinking of alcoholic beverages is permitted, but in moderation.
The family is of a patriarchal structure. The husband is considered the final authority on family decisions, but is encouraged to solicit the thoughts and feelings of his wife, as well as those of his children. Marriages must be monogamous. Divorce is allowed only for adultery. If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adultery (as long as the previous spouse is still alive). Abuse and willful non-support of one's family are actions considered to be remedied by separation.
Formal discipline is conducted by congregation elders. When an accusation of major sin is made concerning a baptized member, a tribunal or judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, administer help and possibly apply sanctions. Disfellowshipping is the ultimate form of discipline administered, which requires the person to be shunned by all baptized members. Exceptions to this would include cases where a member was forced to have commercial dealings with a member who is disfellowshipped, or if the disfellowshipped member is living with baptized family members. The stated purpose of disfellowshipping is to keep the congregation free from immoral influences and to shame wrong-doers into repentance, but the threat of shunning also serves to deter other members from dissident behavior. Reproof involves sins that may lead to disfellowshipping. Those considered "truly repentant" are reproved rather than disfellowshipped. Marking is practiced if a member's course of action is regarded as a violation of Bible principles, reflecting badly on the congregation, but is not a disfellowshipping offense. An announcement is made, stating that the actions in question are wrong, while keeping the name of the individual anonymous. Congregation members limit social contact with the accused. The purpose of this is to shame the sinner into correcting their actions.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions and their doctrines on the basis that there can only be one truth from God. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that all other religions fail to meet all of the requirements set by God and will be destroyed, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe their allegiance belongs to God's Kingdom, which is viewed as a literal government in heaven. They are taught that it is vital they remain "separate from the world" in harmony with Jesus' description of his followers found in John 17:14-16. Watch Tower publications define the "world" as "the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah’s approved servants" and teach that it is ruled by Satan, and is therefore a place of danger and moral contamination. Witnesses express their world-renouncing beliefs in many ways. They avoid involvement in social controversies, remain neutral in their political views, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting. They abstain from celebrating religious holidays and birthdays and reject many customs that they claim to have pagan origins. They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed forces and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to the national flag or sing national anthems and patriotic songs and demand high standards of morality within their ranks.
Witnesses are advised to minimize social contact with non-members because of their perceived dangers of worldly association. A study by sociologist Andrew Holden indicated they are therefore highly selective in choosing who they spend leisure time with and usually select the company of other Witnesses.
Jehovah's Witnesses are opposed to blood transfusions, based on their interpretation of how the Bible describes the proper treatment of blood. In 1961, accepting a blood transfusion resulted in expulsion from the religion. They do not accept the threat of death as sufficient to dissuade them from rejecting blood transfusions for themselves or for their children. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible prohibits blood transfusions based on their understanding of Acts 15:28-29.
Jehovah's Witnesses are forbidden from accepting red cells, white cells, platelets or plasma, though they may accept fractions made from these components at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides members with Power of Attorney documents to indicate which optional fractions they may accept, with preformatted wording prohibiting major components. If a fraction "makes up a significant portion of that component" or "carries out the key function of a primary component", it may be objectionable to some but is still permissible.
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0.988549 |
Which cake board is best for me?
Cardboards - Used in between tiers for support & dessert cakes. Not suitable for heavy or tiered cakes.
Compressed Boards - 5mm thick compressed board, will hold small to medium sized cakes. A cheaper option without compromising on style.
Masonite Boards - Made from heavy duty 5mm timber masonite, suitable for all styles of cake.
Drum Boards - Super heavy duty 10mm timber masonite.
MASONITE BOARD ROUND ROSE GOLD 8"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND ROSE GOLD 9"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND ROSE GOLD 10"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND ROSE GOLD 12"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND ROSE GOLD 14"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 6"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 7"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 13"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 8"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 9"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 11"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 12"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 14"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 15"
MASONITE BOARD ROUND BLACK 16"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 6"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 7"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 8"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 13"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 9"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 10"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 11"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 12"
MASONITE BOARD SQUARE BLACK 14"
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0.996985 |
What do you think of the following thought regarding the difference between Gospel and Christian music?
The focus of Gospel music is evangelism; teaching, ministering to, uplifting, and testifying to the people of God. Christian music is music created by Christians that focuses on our love for God and glorifying Him. Both are important and very needed, but are so fundamentally different that it, by extension, almost necessitates segregation in worship.
Previous PostEat, Sleep, BreatheNext PostJohn 19:6 S.O.A.P.
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0.994551 |
Students use creative tools in the Seesaw app or website to complete classroom activities like "Book Review!"
Tell about a book you've read and describe why others should read it, too! 1. Tap the button. 2. Take a of the book cover. 3. Tap the tool to add text and emojis. 4. Tap the and your book review. 5. Tap the to add it to your journal.
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0.941824 |
Nicolas Thomas Baudin (1754-1803) and Louis-Claude Desaulses De Freycinet (1779-1842) worked together as cartographic surveyors and naturalists. Baudin was born on 19 February 1754 at St-Pierre-de-Ré, France. After service in the mercantile marine, he joined the navy as a cadet in 1774 and in 1786 was promoted sub-lieutenant. Freycinet was born on 7 August 1779 at Montélimar, Drôme, and joined the navy in 1793.
Baudin was seconded to the Archduke Francis of Austria, and in 1792 took charge of a scientific expedition to the Indian Ocean to collect plants and specimens for the palace of enlightenment at Schönbrunn. In 1796 he made a similar scientific voyage to the West Indies, where he collected material for museums in Paris.
Owing to these achievements Baudin was selected to lead an expedition to complete the French cartographic survey of the coast of Australia and conduct other scientific investigations there. He received his instructions on 24 April 1800 and sailed on 19 October. He had two ships, Le Géographe and Le Naturaliste (Captain Hamelin); with him were a number of scientists, including the naturalist François Péron, and the cartographer-surveyor Freycinet, who sailed in Le Naturaliste.
The ships took six months to reach Mauritius, where because of shipboard quarrels, illness and poor conditions 46 sailors and 10 'experts' abandoned the party. Baudin sailed on 25 April, sighted Cape Leeuwin on 27 May and anchored in Geographe Bay three days later. There they made descriptions of animal and plant life, but then the two vessels lost touch with each other. Contrary to his instructions, Baudin in Le Géographe sailed north and, after a cursory examination of the coast as far as Cape Levêque, he reached Timor on 21 August hoping to refresh his crew. Next month Le Naturaliste joined him there after having explored the coast as far as Shark Bay much more thoroughly.
On 13 November the two ships departed and Baudin planned to carry out his original orders to survey the southern coast in the first instance. They arrived off Van Diemen's Land on 13 January 1802 and surveyed around D'Entrecasteaux Channel for more than a month before sailing north towards Banks Strait. Off the east coast they were separated again. Baudin made a rough survey of the coast westward from Wilson's Promontory, giving French names to what he called Terre Napoléon and in April met Matthew Flinders in Encounter Bay. Thence he decided to go to Sydney for provisions and medical attention for his crew; but he sailed round the south of Van Diemen's Land and did not arrive there until 20 June when only four of his men were really fit for service. Meanwhile Hamelin had investigated Port Dalrymple and Westernport before making for Sydney, which he reached on 24 April. After refitting he had sailed for France, but was driven back by bad weather and on his return to Port Jackson he found Baudin there.
While in Sydney the French were hospitably entertained, despite a quarrel with Captain Anthony Fenn Kemp. Baudin sent Le Naturaliste to Europe with the results of his voyage, then bought from Governor Philip Gidley King the 20-ton schooner Casuarina and put Freycinet in command of her. On 18 November they started again on their survey. After a brief contretemps on King Island, where because of King's suspicions of the French motives the British flag was hoisted under Baudin's nose, the expedition sailed westward once more. They repeated some work already done by Flinders, but Freycinet's charting of the coast northward from Cape Northumberland and around Kangaroo Island was excellent. Left with scanty provisions in his small craft, on 1 February Freycinet had to rendezvous with his commander in King George Sound. They then proceeded along the west coast of Australia to Timor, whence after a brief excursion on the north-west Australian coast Baudin sailed for Mauritius, where he died on 16 September 1803. Freycinet left the Casuarina at Mauritius and reached Lorient on 25 March 1804.
Freycinet was then employed by the navy on hydrographic and chart work, and after the death of Péron he was invited to complete the history of the Baudin expedition. When he published his complete atlas in 1812 he followed Péron, whose first volume had appeared in 1807, first in virtually ignoring Baudin, and second in designating the whole coast west of Wilson's Promontory as 'Terre Napoléon' and assigning French names to its principal features, which he repeated in the second volume of his narrative in 1816. However, Flinders' Voyage and Atlas had been published in 1814, and in a second edition of Freycinet's Atlas in 1824 the Napoleonic nomenclature disappeared, save for that on the south-east coast of South Australia which the Frenchman had been the first to survey. The charge that Freycinet had plagiarized Flinders' charts is certainly unfounded, for he was a thoroughly capable cartographer, but the detention of Flinders at Mauritius had enabled Péron and Freycinet to publish their accounts of Baudin's expedition first.
Baudin's expedition was undoubtedly scientific, not political, in purpose. In addition to gathering much information on the known parts of the Australian coast, the scientists had gathered and partly classified a basic collection of specimens, and their descriptions destroyed William Dampier's myth that Australia's western coast was all barren. Their reports on south-west Australia were sufficiently favourable to bring later French explorers such as Dumont d'Urville in their wake, and to lead the restored Bourbons to consider Western Australia as a site for a French convict colony.
Baudin was a man who made hasty decisions and, although affable, he could not inspire his juniors. The antagonism of Péron and Freycinet derived from personal differences, but was increased by the hostility between sailor and scientist which had also affected Bruny d'Entrecasteaux's voyage of exploration. Baudin was a sick man and therefore not suited to lead an arduous expedition, and his scientific team was unmanageable, but his last voyage never received the credit due to it and his journal remains unpublished.
After the Restoration the French government gave Freycinet, then a captain, command of another expedition to circumnavigate the globe and conduct research into the shape of the earth, meteorology and terrestrial magnetism. He sailed from Toulon on 17 September 1817 in L'Uranie with his wife Rose who secreted herself aboard, and who wrote a separate account of the voyage. After refreshing at the Cape of Good Hope and Mauritius he landed at Shark Bay on 12 September 1818 where he set up an observatory, thoroughly surveyed the inlets and the coastal districts and removed the plate left by Willem de Vlamingh, which he had found and re-erected in 1801. He then sailed north to Timor. His accounts and description of the landscape and life and customs of that and other islands in the East Indies captivated the attention of people in Europe much more than his Australian reports, and a widespread interest developed in the expedition. Leaving Timor on 27 November he sailed via the Moluccas, the Carolines, the Marianas, and the Sandwich Islands and reached Port Jackson on 19 November 1819, the scientists on board adding constantly to their store of information on hydrography, botany, cartography and anthropology. After spending Christmas ashore, they sailed on 26 December and, falling in with the westerlies, set a course for Cape Horn.
On 13 February 1820 L'Uranie was wrecked on the Falkland Islands; the scientific records and notes were saved before the vessel foundered, but 2500 of the 4175 plant specimens were lost. Freycinet returned to France in November 1820 and died on 18 August 1842.
There is no evidence in the expedition's records or French governmental archives to suggest that there were political objectives in this circumnavigation but, though its purpose was to engage in scientific discovery, this first major voyage undertaken by the restored Bourbons did show the French flag in distant seas and foreshadowed a series of other expeditions which were not wholly scientific.
W. B. Alexander, ‘History of Zoology in Western Australia: Part II, 1791-1829’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia, vol 1, 1914-15, pp 83-149.
Leslie R. Marchant and J. H. Reynolds, 'Baudin, Nicolas Thomas (1754–1803)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/baudin-nicolas-thomas-1753/text1949, published first in hardcopy 1966, accessed online 26 April 2019.
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0.982283 |
Antennae are designed to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. As we know from Sec. 12.2, the superposition integrals for the scalar and vector potentials result in both the radiation and near fields. If we confine our interest to the fields far from the antenna, extensive simplifications are achieved.
Many types of antennae are composed of driven conducting elements that are extremely thin. This often makes it possible to use simple arguments to approximate the distribution of current over the length of the conductor. With the current distribution specified at the outset, the superposition integrals of Sec. 12.3 can then be used to determine the associated fields.
An element idz' of the current distribution of an antenna is pictured in Fig. 12.4.1 at the source location r'. If this element were at the origin of the spherical coordinate system shown, the associated radiation fields would be as given by (12.2.23) and (12.2.24). With the distance to the current element r' much less than r, how do we adapt these expressions so that they represent the fields when the incremental source is located at r' rather than at the origin?
Figure 12.4.1 Incremental current element at r' is source for radiation field at (r, , ).
The current elements comprising the antenna are typically within a few wavelengths of the origin. By contrast, the distance r (say, from a TV transmitting antenna, where the wavelength is on the order of 1 meter, to a receiver 10 kilometers away) is far larger. For an observer in the neighborhood of a point (r, , ), there is little change in sin /r, and hence in the magnitude of the field, caused by a displacement of the current element from the origin to r'. However, the phase of the electromagnetic wave launched by the current element is strongly influenced by changes in the distance from the element to the observer that are of the order of a wavelength. This is seen by writing the argument of the exponential term in terms of the wavelength , jkr = j2 r/ .
Because E and H are vector fields, yet another approximation is implicit in writing these expressions. In shifting the current element, there is a slight shift in the coordinate directions at the observer location. Again, because r is much larger than |r'|, this slight change in the direction of the field can be ignored. Thus, radiation fields due to a superposition of current elements can be found by simply superimposing the fields as though they were parallel vectors.
Figure 12.4.2 Line current distribution as source of radiation field.
By definition, ( ' ) = Ioexp(j o ) if z' is evaluated at the terminals of the antenna. Thus, o is neither a function of Io nor of o. In order to evaluate (5), one needs to know the current dependence on z' , (z' ). One can show that the current distribution on a (open-ended) thin wire is made up of a "standing wave" with the dependence sin (2 s/ ) upon the coordinate s measured along the wire, from the end of the wire. The proof of this statement will be presented in Chapter 14, when we shall discuss the current distribution in a coaxial cable.
A wire antenna, fed at its midpoint and on the z axis, is shown in Fig. 12.4.3. The current distribution is "given" according to the above remarks.
Figure 12.4.3 Center-fed wire antenna with standing-wave distribution of current.
In setting up the radiation field superposition integral, (5), observe that r' ir = z' cos .
7To carry out the integration, first express the integration over the positive and negative segments of z' as separate integrals. With the sine functions represented by the sum of complex exponentials, the integration is reduced to a sum of integrations of complex exponentials.
In viewing the plots of this radiation pattern shown in Fig. 12.4.4, remember that it is the same in any plane of constant . Thus, a three-dimensional picture of the function ( , ) is generated by rotating one of these patterns about the z axis.
Figure 12.4.4 Radiation patterns for center-fed wire antennas.
The radiation pattern for a half-wave antenna differs little from that for the short dipole, shown in Fig. 12.2.7. Because of the interference between waves generated by segments having different phases and amplitudes, the pattern for longer wires is more complex. As the length of the antenna is increased to many wavelengths, the number of lobes increases.
Desired radiation patterns are often obtained by combining driven elements into arrays. To illustrate, consider an array of 1 + n elements, the first at the origin and designated by "0". The others are designated by i = 1 n and respectively located at ai. We can find the radiation pattern for the array by summing over the contributions of the separate elements. Each of these takes the form of (5), with r r - ai ir , Io Ii, o i, and o ( ) ( ).
Note that the radiation pattern of the array is represented by the square of the product of o, representing the pattern for a single element, and the array factor a. If the n + 1 element array is considered one element in a second array, these same arguments could be repeated to show that the radiation pattern of the array of arrays is represented by the square of the product of o, a and the square of the array factor of the second array.
Figure 12.4.5 Array consisting of two elements with spacing, a.
It is convenient to write this expression as a product of a part that determines the phase and a part that determines the amplitude.
The magnitude of the array factor follows from (15).
The radiation pattern for the array follows from (16) and (18).
Figure 12.4.6 geometrically portrays how the single-element pattern and array pattern multiply to provide the radiation pattern. With the elements a half-wavelength apart and driven in phase, electromagnetic waves arrive in phase at points along the y axis and reinforce. There is no radiation in the x directions, because a wave initiated by one element arrives out of phase with the wave being initiated by that second element. As a result, the waves reinforce along the y axis, the "broadside" direction, while they cancel along the x axis.
Figure 12.4.6 Radiation pattern of dipoles in phase, half-wave spaced, is product of pattern for individual elements multiplied by the array factor.
The radiation pattern follows from (16) and (21).
Shown graphically in Fig. 12.4.7, the pattern is now in the -x direction. Waves initiated in the -x direction by the element at x = a arrive in phase with those originating from the second element. Thus, the wave being initiated by that second element in the -x direction is reinforced. By contrast, the wave initiated in the +x direction by the element at x = 0 arrives 180 degrees out of phase with the wave being initiated in the +x direction by the other element. Thus, radiation in the +x direction cancels, and the array is unidirectional.
Figure 12.4.7 Radiation pattern for dipoles quarter-wave spaced, 90 degrees out of phase.
For elements of length l = 3 /2 (kl = 3 ), this pattern is pictured in Fig. 12.4.8.
Figure 12.4.8 Radiation pattern for two center-fed wire antennas, quarter-wave spaced, 90 degrees out-of-phase, each having length 3 /2.
The time average power flux density, Sr ( , ) , normalized to the power flux density averaged over the surface of a sphere, is called the gain of an antenna.
If the direction is not specified, it is implied that G is the gain in the direction of maximum gain.
Because the radiation pattern expresses the ( , ) dependence of |E |2 with a multiplicative factor that is in common to the numerator and denominator of (24), G can be evaluated using the radiation pattern for Sr .
and the "gain" is 3/2.
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0.928967 |
Mention was made of li'an in the presence of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). And Asim b. 'Adi passed a remark about it and then turned away, and a man of his tribe came to him complaining that he had found a man with his wife, whereupon 'Asim said: I have been taken by my words. He took him to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and told him about the man whom he had found with his wife and this man was a lean, yellow-coloured man with lank hair, and the person who was accused of committing adultery with her (his wife) had fleshy shanks, with wheat complexion and heavy bulk. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: O Allah, make (this case) manifest. And as she gave birth to a child, whose face resembled that person about whom her husband had made mention that he had found her with, and Allah's Messenger (may peace be, upon him) had asked them to invoke curses. A person said to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him): Is she (that woman) about whom Allah's Messenger (may peace be upen him) (said):" If I were to stone anybody without evidence, I would have stoned her"? Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with him) said: No, it is not she. That woman was one who openly spread evil in society.
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Setting: The Annex. Conflict: Mrs. VanDaan becomes jealous of what Peter and Anne have as a pair. Main characters involved: Mrs. VanDaan, Peter, and Anne.
Anne and Peter start to hang out together more and more. Mrs. VanDaan notices that Peter and Anne are always together and in his room talking. She gets very jealous and protective, and can't believe what she is seeing.
Anne arrives at Peter's door dressed up like he is as if it were a date. Mrs. Van Daan can not believe what she is seeing and wants a word with her son. They answer quickly so they can go talk.
Mrs. Van Daan approaches Mrs. Frank and does not believe that she is okay with this and she over thinks that they have no other place to speak. Mrs. Van Daan jealous and appalled makes comments on what she believes might actually be happening.
Mrs. Van Daan just doesn't know what to do with herself and hurries off to the bathroom. This issue is not really resolved just more of an argument. Mrs. Van Daan was still very flustered and frustrated but more jealous of what her son has and that he is getting older.
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Reasking a question I’ve gotten great advice on in the past: there’s a big kids consignment sale coming up in my town. What gear/toys/odds n ends should I be looking for? My son is now 10m old. Thanks!
Is he walking? One of those sit to stand walker/activity toys was my son’s favorite when he was learning to walk and I got it for $5 at a consignment sale. Also, riding toys, tricycles, board puzzles/shape sorters, play kitchen toys, and books are all usually in abundance. Check for seasonal items too- Halloween, cold weather gear, etc. They outgrow it so fast that you probably don’t want to spend for new stuff.
+1 to walking/riding on toys, Halloween stuff and things like snowpants. Winter boots, raincoats and rainboots too – if its cheap enough its worth taking a $5 gamble they will fit in spring.
Sales like this are also good for buying things that you would have otherwise bought at Target, etc for his birthday and Christmas – for instance, we got my kids a Baby Eistein toy piano thing at one of these sales that would have run $20-$30 for under $5 and it’s still something they play with from time to time.
Extras/duplicates of stuff you already have, like crib sheets and crib mattress pads – its always handy to have more, especially if you intend to convert the crib into a toddler bed or otherwise keep using the crib mattress for a few years.
Another thing to look for if you don’t have one now is either a really nice stroller, or a decent small one that can live in the trunk of your car. If you live in suburbia and have a garage or porch, its nice to have both a big, easy to push stroller for neighborhood walks that you don’t break down, and a smaller one to leave in the trunk all the time.
Again, if you have room for it, these sales can be a great way to buy big stuff, like wagons, the little tykes cars, playhouses, play kitchens, etc – but you have to have a way to get them home. I always check Amazon before actually buying though, because sometimes people have way overinflated ideas of how much to charge – and on the other hand, sometimes people just want it out of their house and don’t care if they don’t get much money for them.
Thanks, y’all! Great advice, especially the seasonal and birthday gift ideas.
We’ve had variations on this theme before – when do you make a daycare switch? My 18-month old seems perfectly content as his not-fancy, suitable daycare staffed with long-term teachers that is at a location very close to where I work and super convenient. They provide all meals.
A spot just opened up at the super-fancy daycare that was our first choice way back when kiddo was still in utero. It is more expensive (though doable), less convenient (by about 10 minutes) and they do not provide lunch. But their program is fantastic, and at least part of the higher tuition is due to providing good benefits (even 401K) to their employees.
Is it worth considering the switch? I truly have no complaints about his current situation, but the ‘new’ program offers things (music classes, swim lessons, etc.) that are not available with the place he’s at.
Because of where and how we work, all of the increased inconvenience would fall on me and not my husband, who drives in the opposite direction to get to work. My husband wants kiddo to have ‘the best’; I’m more likely to be content with safe, happy, perfectly adequate.
So, we just made an opposite switch because we moved across town. We took kiddos from the fancy Montessori daycare to the perfectly-safe and reasonable daycare in our new neighborhood. No music, drama, or Spanish lessons now and the playground doesn’t look like a theme park (like the old school’s did).
My kids are SO MUCH happier at the new daycare/preschool. They have friends and are learning letters and numbers. By the second day, my three-year old was running in to class and shouting “My friends!!” He never did that at the old school.
All that to say, if your kids are happy and thriving, and the new school is more expensive and less convenient (add up those 10 extra minutes each way each week and that’s a lot of frustration) AND you have to pack a lunch? That seems like a no-brainer to stay in your current school, to me.
Is husband willing to take on at least the inconvenience of packing lunches? That in and of itself would be a dealbreaker to me, because I’m spoiled with provided lunch for my kids, and I haaaaaate packing lunch (and even more so, having to meal plan/grocery shop to have food for lunches).
I think the things like music classes and swim lessons might be worth considering once they get to 3 or 4 year old preschool stage, but at 18 months I suspect it is more “kids run around while Laurie Berkner is playing” and “kids splash in the shallow kiddie pool for 15 minutes 2x a week” – things that sound great in theory, but actually probably aren’t any better to your kid than an extra 15 minutes in the sandbox or regular playground.
Would it be cheaper and more convenient to just enroll your kid in swimming lessons, etc. and keep him at the current daycare?
I think if you truly have no complaints about your current situation, it’s not worth the risk of changing. There are so many variables to a good daycare, including how you click with the director, the teachers, and the other parents. Those intangibles are very hard to predict, and if you like how things are going now, I wouldn’t rock the boat with a change. I’m also a die-hard fan of daycares that provide food. It saves so much time and I think DS is a better, more adventurous eater because of it.
All that said, can you do enrichment activities on weekends? I love doing Music Together classes with DS on Sunday mornings. Swim lessons are also really fun to do together. I’d take the time you save not making lunches and do a fun activity together instead!
Yeah, this. You can’t actually tell from the outside if the new place will work for you, so if the old place *is* working, then I’d not want to take that risk. It might have all the bells and whistles…and also a lead teacher that doesn’t click with your kid.
There’s no way I would consider this switch. The additional time in commute and lunch prep alone would be a deal breaker for me, but even if it weren’t, I don’t think your trade-off in time and money is gaining any significant benefit. I may be in the minority, but I think organized activities for kids that young are kind of silly. Toddlers don’t need a fancy curriculum or organized activities for enrichment, they need time for free play in a safe space.
Good morning ladies! My maternity leave ends next month in October. I’m going to ask for a 70% reduced hours schedule. I plan to email the head of my group today – do you think I should (1) keep the email short and ask if he has time to talk on the phone this week re my return to work next month, and then do the ask for 70% on the phone or (2) give more detail in the email (I’ve been thinking about my return to work and would like to go on a 70% schedule etc etc) and ask if he has time to talk on the phone if he has any questions? My husband (who is an attorney also) thinks I should do #2 so that the head of my group isn’t taken off guard when we talk on the phone. Any thoughts? FWIW, he’s a younger partner (early 40s) and a friendly family man. We have a good relationship but we aren’t super close. Thanks in advance!
Although you know the partner best, I would go with option 1 if you have never raised the possibility of a reduced schedule until now, as I think it is something that is better communicated over the phone than by email. I take your husband’s point though, so maybe prime it as wanting to discuss your schedule upon your return to work.
Could you hint at it in option #1 — something along the lines of “discuss my transition back to the office”? I think that’s what I did, and it didn’t come as a surprise when I brought it up.
One piece of advice — if you are able to go to a reduced schedule, make sure you actually have less of a work load than you did before you left. After being back for a little over six months, I realized that I had the same amount of work, but was doing it in less time — as a result, the quality of my work wasn’t as good as I wanted it to be. We’re in the process of fixing that, but it was a hard few months before I realized what the problem was. If your work is such that you’re responsible for certain clients, think about what you’d pass on to someone else.
When I was in that situation, I emailed the head of my group and asked if I could meet with him to discuss my schedule upon returning. (I happened to be going in, otherwise I would have set up something by phone). That was enough to give him a clue, without laying it out in the email.
I’m looking for city-appropriate stroller recommendations. Criteria are that it not be too big because we live in a densely packed city and I don’t want to be one of those people I hated pre-pregnancy with a giant stroller taking up the entire grocery store aisle, sturdy and easy to navigate because we do a lot of walking, needs to fold up easily for taxi and car storage, and something that I can get when baby is born that will grow with him or her through the stroller years. No set price range, but obviously we don’t want to overpay for something when a perfectly nice and more affordable alternative exists. This whole world of fancy strollers is new to me – not really sure what the difference between a $400 stroller is and a $1400 one and would love some guidance!
Depending on how much you’ll be walking/shopping with the stroller in tow, I’d suggest either the Uppababy Vista or Cruz. The Vista is heavy, but the size of the storage basket is amazing, it folds up easily and stores upright on its wheels (so we just folded it and stood it in a doorway instead of having it leaning precariously or tracking dirty snow/slush on our floors). I think the Vista is best of converting to a double stroller with or without the riding board. The wheels on the Vista are super tough, and it was incredibly easy to maneuver with one hand. My SIL has the Cruz simply b/c they live in a walk up and the Vista was really heavy to carry up two flights. If it was an elevator building she would have gone Vista.
FWIW, I found ours on Gilt 4 yrs ago for 60% off, and Giggle usually has sales in the winter that allow you to take 20% off all merchandise, so once you make your decision stalk prices online like a hawk.
I was between the City Mini and the Uppababy Cruz, and ended up going with the Cruz (which I then scored on Craigslist). The City Mini has an easier fold; the Cruz has a better basket and the ability to have your child face you. I started off with our carseat on a snap & go frame to try to get a better idea of how we might use the stroller before committing. In retrospect, I kind of wish that we had just gone with the Cruz (with a carseat adapter) from the start because it is a much better ride on our crap city sidewalks than a snap & go.
Sounds like baby isn’t born yet. Will you be transitiioning baby from car to stroller (i.e., moving an infant bucket from the car to the stroller)? Or just leaving your house pushing the stroller, so you don’t need an infant seat? If you’ll be using lots of public transportation, consider putting the baby in an infant carrier instead of a stroller – then you don’t have to worry about folding up stroller, finding elevators, etc.
For an older baby (12 months +), I just got a cheap umbrella stroller and OMG, I should have done it months ago. So small and easy to carry! Easy to fold up too. It would be so much easier for public transit than my big Britax B-Agile (which I love for walks around the lake, but was not so good on the Metro in Washington DC).
We have a small car but mostly use it to visit family in the ‘burbs or to do the occasional shopping trip/beach outing. Something that is both a car seat and stroller is appealing on the one hand, but we also don’t mind having a permanent car seat and a stroller that will fold up in the trunk since I think the stroller will be used every day and the car maybe once or twice a week.
We’re also going to do a carrier for public transport/quick walks, just want the stroller option for longer trips out.
+1 to the smaller umbrella stroller. I love my City Mini GT, but it’s still BULKY, even though it’s touted as a more streamlined stroller.
I’m now looking for reasonable umbrella stroller that reclines for travel and errands.
I responded below, but I really like our Joovy Groove umbrella stroller. It’s not as tiny as the kind you might get at CVS for $20, but still folds up small and is very light.
I have a uppa baby vista and think it was well worth the expense for city living (bought through amazon and paid less than MSRP). Grows with the baby (comes with the bassinet, which my daughter also slept in at night, then moved to the rumble seat when she was a little bigger). Handles nicely. The basket below is deep and wide, so you can fit a lot of things in it (groceries, stuff for the park, etc.). That was the selling point — we walked a lot in the city, and it was nice to be able to do our shopping and fit our packages underneath. My sister bought the 2014 model, which folds up a lot easier than mine (2012 model). If you are concerned about the car seat, you can buy a car seat adapted separately.
I originally bought a city mini, but the underneath storage basket seemed to small to hold a significant amount of things. I kept it, but left it in my car for quick trips.
My daughter is almost 5 months, we live in the city and we have the uppa baby vista. I love it! She still sleeps in the bassinet at night. And we have the uppa baby mesa car seat. No complaints with this system.
So far, we like our Joovy Groove umbrella stroller — folds up very small but when open is surprisingly close to a non-umbrella stroller. Can’t use it with a newborn, but we very, very rarely used a stroller with our newborn anyway as he was much happier in a carrier (or snap n go with carseat on the few occasions we used a stroller).
I live in a brownstone neighborhood and work in a neighborhood with elevator buildings. The City Mini (16.5 lbs, one hand fold option) is THE stroller in my neighborhood (followed closely by the Britax B-Ready – 16 lbs, slightly more complex fold option). Where I work I see people with Uppa strollers (and the occasional Bugaboo / Stokke way expensive ones). Whether you have access to an elevator makes a huge difference!
We narrowed it down to the City Mini / B-Ready based on weight (and our third floor walk-up) then went to Buy Buy Baby and looked at them in person and decided on the City Mini.
Basically I’d see what everyone in your neighborhood has, then check out something like Baby Gear Lab to see what traits people in similar housing to you are looking at. Then go check them out in person.
May I just add my voice to the chorus of how ridiculous our country is with childcare? My nanny no-showed last week and scrambling to fill in childcare until we can hire someone new is really a special level of stress that I did not need. So jealous of countries with excellent, public childcare right now.
My nanny is a former teacher. We pay her mid-market for our urban area (‘burbs of DC). She makes considerably more with us than she did teaching elementary school. That is insane on a lot of levels. That reliable, safe care is out of reach financially and logistically for many working parents is a shame.
No kidding. My life only works because I have a workable daycare situation … if I couldn’t afford it, or if I didn’t have paid sick time to cover those days when my kid was sick, or if the center were to shut down without warning … everything would just fall apart. I don’t have family here, and waitlists to get into schools are ridiculous. If two lawyer parents with one kid can barely make it work, how does anyone else do it?
I have the job that most working moms dream of. I bring in a really good salary, work a VERY flexible schedule, work from home, and have managed my schedule such that I have almost 1 day/week to spend with my kids (I get a babysitter in the late morning, and schedule all my late calls for after bedtime and can out in 9 hours this way).
I am SO DONE WORKING HERE. Every week is a frustrating screaming match with the other department heads about how nothing is anyone else’s problem. The mental stimulation is laughable, but I keep getting promoted so apparently i’m doing something right. My team drives me crazy and is needy and there are too many of them and none of them are ready to take on a bigger leadership role to offload the work. My blood pressure goes up every morning and stays that way until dinnertime.
I’m ready to throw it all in and tell my boss thanks for everything, I know you’ve tried, but this place is bananas and i’m tired of it; you can find me at home snuggling my kids and working as an overpriced consultant on the ever so occasional basis.
I know this is the wrong call. But I’m just so sick of it. TALK ME DOWN, ladies.
I like your backup plan, personally. Life is too short to have high blood pressure all day every day.
Can you find some consulting gigs and then actually do it? I agree it seems crazy to just quit – but on the other hand, it sounds like it is crazy to stay.
Just because something looks perfect on paper doesn’t mean it is actually perfect or worht the headache.
Can you start putting some feelers out on what it would take to leave (either to go to consulting or a different job)? Or can you just stop caring enough to get your blood pressure up? Maybe being able to say “I can quit this circus any time I want” would be enough to calm you down?
He’s probably right, although I’m sure that it’s not that easy to just flip off the “I don’t care” switch and still bother to do the work at all.
I just wanted to add – it’s totally ok to quit something that looks perfect on paper or from a distance but that turns out to be not so perfect after all, or at least not so perfect for you. I worked for years and years to get to what was supposed to be the company to work for in my industry, which was supposed to be so family friendly but yet so great for a career – and it turned out to be a terrible fit for me. There is no shame in quitting something that appears to be great if it isn’t actually that great for you.
But hey, working from home at least means you get to roll your eyes at the idiot without anyone seeing you, right?
Is there anything your boss can tangibly do to help you? Do you need a right hand person, even if that means bringing in someone from outside your current group? Or do you need to just go, before your boss leaves and you are really alone?
I work with a colleague who had some similar, I’m-ready-to-quit challenges (in a job with also similar good points). She basically went to our boss and said “Either this changes, or I’m gone.” They made changes for her (new office location, new boss, etc.) and now she’s happier than before. If you keep getting promoted, maybe your company would be willing to make some similar hard changes to keep you on board?
One thing to consider is what your plans are 5-10 years down the road. Would want to be/would it be feasible to be a SAHM forever? If you think you can do consulting work and keep one toe in (and that that would be enough in your industry to make you marketable) then maybe that’s a good solution. But if not, and if you think that once your kids are all in school you’ll want to go back to work, then maybe it’s worth sticking it out now to make sure in however many years it is until the youngest goes to school, you’ll be in a job you like.
I recently had my second child and have noticed that whenever I nurse her or pump, I become completely exhausted about 1 minute into nursing/pumping. It’s not an issue of actually being that tired and just noticing it when I sit down to nurse/pump; I can be sitting at my desk working and be fine and then as soon as I pump, I am so exhausted I can barely keep my eyes open. The feeling continues for a while after I finish pumping, too. It wasn’t really an issue before I went back to work but now it’s really a pain to feel like I need to lie down whenever I pump. This did not happen with my first child and I’m wondering if it’s a “thing” or whether I’m just having a weird side effect this time. I have heard that some people have intense feelings of relaxation when they nurse/pump and maybe this is related? In any case, please tell me whether this is weird or whether it’s happened to you and if so, what you did to combat the insane workplace exhaustion!
Happens to me too. A lactation consultant told me it’s due to the release of the hormone that makes more milk. I can’t remember what that hormone is though because I am so.damn.tired.
YES THIS HAPPENED TO ME TOO!!! And I felt totally crazy because I didn’t realize it corresponded to nursing/pumping until baby was ooohhh 14 months old. Honestly, I just cut myself a break. I never worked through my pumping breaks, I always sipped coffee while pumping (because hey, it can’t possibly get into milk immediately, right?), and at home, I usually curled up with baby in a way that would allow me to snooze (and ensure her safety). For me, it wore off pretty quickly after pumping, so I would just finish up, put bottles away, and sometimes go for a 5-minute walk outside. Sometimes I would just sit and wait. It was seriously like a sedative though.
THANK YOU! It’s nice to know I’m not crazy (at least for that reason). I will try a walk! Thank you!
OMG this happened to me. It did get better as baby got older, but I remember several times falling asleep midsentence. Luckily only during conversations at home to my husband. He thought it was hilarious. I think it must have gotten less intense after I was back from leave and baby was sleeping at night so I wasn’t So Exhausted All The Time (since I don’t remember doing this at work). Good luck keeping your eyes open.
Woah. I totally thought it was just me. I get the same suddenly exhausted feeling when I pump at work — which often leads directly to feeling totally bummed by being at work / overwhelmed / etc. I had noticed it corresponded with pumping but just figured I hated pumping (because, duh). The fact that it could actually be a hormonal thing makes so much sense. Mind blown.
Check with your doctor about anemia too. While it shouldn’t be quite so time linked, anemia knocked me out for a month during my pregnancy without me realizing it.
I’m looking for some bedding suggestions. My twins are almost 18 mo and they’ve always worn Halo sleep sacks. My husband likes the house arctic, especially at night. Last winter, we kept the temperature at about 70 overnight, which is pretty warm but with the kids just in fleece sleep sacks I worried about them being cold. Now that they’re older, I think they’d probably be okay with blankets, right? I think I still want them in sleep sacks for as long as possible (they’re starting to climb and I don’t want them climbing out of their cribs) but I’m wondering if I should put blankets in over them. They tend to turn all around in their beds, and they rarely go to sleep right away — they often stand in their cribs and “talk” to each other for awhile before flopping down and passing out. So they kind of wind up flopped all over the place. Are blankets the right call? How do you introduce blankets so they actually wind up covering the kiddo and not wadded up in the corner?
We haven’t done the sleep sacks in a while, but my 18mo goes to sleep in 2-piece PJs and a lightweight blanket. Most mornings, the blanket is on the floor when I go into her room, but I have had to wake her up a few times and the blanket is half-covering her. Regardless of where the blanket is, she usually seems warm. I think 70 sounds like a good temperature for sleeping just in a sleep sack or just in PJs, without worrying about additional blankets. I don’t think they’ll really learn to keep a blanket on until they’re a bit older, but I don’t think there’s any harm in introducing one now to get them used to it.
We’d like to lower the thermostat further, though. While we had it at 70 last winter, that was a little too warm. We’d prefer it at 65 overnight. But maybe we have to wait another year until the boys are old enough to sleep under their blankets. I might start putting blankets in the cribs now, though, so they can get used to them.
My daughter moved into a toddler bed* at 18 months, but that was in April. She slept in long fuzzy PJs and our house was 66* overnight. We threw blankets in there but she always kicked them off. Now she’s in a Big Bed and despite several layers of sheets and comforters, she always wakes up without blankets.
*toddler bed = couch cushions on the floor with a crib sheet over them. For about a month while we moved. Then she got a double bed with guardrails.
We still do a sleep sack at 2 years, because blankets don’t stay on. The Halo XL ones are massive, and for winter we have a Woolino one that will probably fit our daughter until she’s three.
At this age there aren’t safety concerns with sheets, but to keep the kids warm I love the baby deedee sleepnest. It’s like a wearable duvet. The large fits up to 36 months so you should still get some good wear out of it. My kids have no problem standing in the crib wearing it.
What do you all use to send food to daycare in? For my 10 month old I have been mostly sending little oxo containers and storing them in the fridge. But he will be transitioning to the next room up and they ask for the food in a lunch box. I’m looking at the Pottery Barn Kids ones for an outer shell, just because they are cute. But wondering for actual food storage do you use anything like yumbox, bentgo or planetbox AND are those appropriate for a 10 month old? He probably wouldn’t eat out of it on his own, but I like the variety they allow for.
i have a bentgo kids lunchbox and i love it. i used it for my 3-year old in preschool last year, and it let me pack a few things at once, so he could have fruit, a veggie, carb and protein in one box. it’s held up really well with daily handwashing, and he’s using it again this year for pre-k.
i never tried it for a younger child, but as long as there’s someone to open it and provide assistance sometimes, i don’t see why it would work less well than any other container for a tiny one.
Our lunchbox, which I think came from Home Goods or TJMaxx, is an adult lunchbag that you can throw in the freezer and it has built in ice packs. I put lunch in small little tupperwares.
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Many accidents and natural disasters have done serious environmental damage to the United States. Some of the most famous events include the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, the 2008 coal ash spill in Tennessee, and the Love Canal toxic dump disaster that came to light in the 1970s. But none of these events, despite their tragic consequences, come close to being the worst environmental disaster in the United States. The worst was the 1930s Dust Bowl—created by the drought, erosion, and dust storms, or "black blizzards," of the so-called Dirty Thirties. It was the worst and most prolonged environmental disaster in American history.
The dust storms started at about the same time that the Great Depression really began to grip the country, and continued to sweep across the Southern Plains—western Kansas, eastern Colorado and New Mexico, and the panhandle regions of Texas and Oklahoma—until the late 1930s. In some areas, the storms didn't relent until 1940.
Decades later, the land is still not completely restored. Once thriving farms are still abandoned, and new dangers are again putting the Great Plains environment in serious jeopardy.
In the summer of 1931, the rain stopped coming and a drought that would last for most of the decade descended on the region. Crops withered and died. Farmers who had plowed under the native prairie grass that held the soil in place saw tons of topsoil, which had taken thousands of years to accumulate, rise into the air and blow away in minutes.
On the Southern Plains, the sky turned lethal. Livestock went blind and suffocated, their stomachs full of fine sand. Farmers, unable to see through the blowing sand, tied themselves to guide ropes to make the walk from their houses to their barns. Families wore respiratory masks handed out by Red Cross workers, cleaned their homes each morning with shovels as well as brooms, and draped wet sheets over doors and windows to help filter out the dust. Still, children and adults inhaled sand, coughed up dirt, and died of a new epidemic called "dust pneumonia."
The weather got worse long before it got better. In 1932, the weather bureau reported 14 dust storms. In 1933, the number of dust storms climbed to 38, nearly three times as many as the year before.
At its worst, the Dust Bowl covered about 100 million acres in the Southern Plains, an area roughly the size of Pennsylvania. Dust storms also swept across the northern prairies of the United States and Canada, but the damage there couldn't compare to the devastation farther south.
Some of the worst storms blanketed the nation with dust from the Great Plains. A storm in May 1934 deposited 12 million tons of dust in Chicago and dropped layers of fine brown dust on the streets and parks of New York and Washington, D.C. Even ships at sea, 300 miles off the Atlantic coast, were left coated with dust.
The storm carried twice as much dirt as was dug out of the earth to create the Panama Canal. The canal took seven years to dig; the storm lasted a single afternoon. More than 300,000 tons of Great Plains topsoil was airborne that day.
More than a quarter million people fled the Dust Bowl during the 1930s—environmental refugees who no longer had the reason or courage to stay. Three times that number remained on the land and continued to battle the dust and to search the sky for signs of rain.
In 1936, the people got their first glimmer of hope. Hugh Bennett, an agricultural expert, persuaded Congress to finance a federal program to pay farmers to use new farming techniques that would conserve topsoil and gradually restore the land. By 1937, the Soil Conservation Service had been established, and by the following year, soil loss had been reduced by 65 percent. Nevertheless, the drought continued until the autumn of 1939, when rains finally returned to the parched and damaged prairie.
The high plains never fully recovered from the Dust Bowl. The land came through the 1930s deeply scarred and forever changed, but in places, it healed. . . After more than sixty-five years, some of the land is still sterile and drifting. But in the heart of the old Dust Bowl now are three national grasslands run by the Forest Service. The land is green in the spring and burns in the summer, as it did in the past, and antelope come through and graze, wandering among replanted buffalo grass and the old footings of farmsteads long abandoned.
In the 21st century, there are new dangers facing the Southern Plains. Agribusiness is draining the Ogallala Aquifer—the United States' largest source of groundwater, which stretches from South Dakota to Texas and supplies about 30 percent of the nation's irrigation water. Agribusiness is pumping water from the aquifer eight times faster than rain and other natural forces can refill it.
Between 2013 and 2015, the aquifer lost 10.7 million acre-feet of storage. At that rate, the aquifer will be completely dry within a century.
Ironically, the Ogallala Aquifer is not being depleted to feed American families or to support the kind of small farmers who hung on through the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl years. Instead, the agricultural subsidies that began as part of the New Deal to help farm families stay on the land are now being given to corporate farms that are growing crops to be sold overseas. In 2003, U.S. cotton growers received $3 billion in federal subsidies to grow fiber that would ultimately be shipped to China and made into cheap clothing to be sold in American stores.
If the water runs out, there won't be any for the cotton or the inexpensive clothing, and the Great Plains will be the site of yet another environmental disaster.
How Does War Affect the Environment?
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Outline her Life: From Marion Paynter: Married Tom Laing who ranched in Alberta, Canada. She had two children (plus a boy who died) Joyce and Olive Iris. Iris married twice and now lives near Jum's descendants (Henry Paynter's families) in Okenagan, British Columbia.
Jimmy died young. He was sent out into a blizzard to round up horses by his father but got chilled, developed pneumonia and died.
Mollie married a Mr.Trembath and lived in British Colombia. They had a son who drowned in a pond aged 4 and a daughter Diana, who married and lives in Vancouver. Mollie developed diabetes and went blind.
Joyce married Andrew Nowicki and had four children: Iris Sylvia, who married David Evans and had three children, Kevin Evan, Trenton David and Darren Joseph. Iris Nowicki has been very involved in politics and in 2005 was the Social Services Minister for the Provice of Alberta. Joyce and Andrew's second daughter Loretta Barbara married David Walker. She visited the Maharishi Shree Rangish's ashram in India some years ago and was given the name Yantra. She has worked for TV and has a dramatic personality; Andrew Allen, a third child of Joyce and Andrew, who works as a gamewarden and married Jo and had two children, Maureen and Jimmy; and the last child of Joyce and Andrew is Kenneth Ross who married Jan Kenneth is a lawyer and naturalist and wrote a book on hunting mountain goat and Jan works for Mobil Oil. They have two children, Blake and another child about 7 years younger.
Peter who is a postman and good at house renovation, married Judy Litweller, and they have three children, Jennifer b.1982, Jarrett b. 1985, and Kelsey b. 1988.
Barbara (b. 5 Jan 1959) who married John Ireland. She designs carpets and he makes furniture and they have three children: Shannon b.1988, Caitlin b.1991, and David b.1992.
Rose died of diptheria at the age of 44.
Page updated 10th Aug 2016 - Photo added (taken from Winnie's wedding); Olive's birth year corrected..
Page updated 8th May 2005 - with many thanks to Ron Walker for corrected information.
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This article is about the computer game. For the source of the phrase "the meek shall inherit the earth", see Matthew 5:5. For the 2002 film, see Inherit the Earth (film).
Inherit the Earth: Quest for the Orb is an adventure game developed by The Dreamers Guild and published by New World Computing in 1994.
The point and click adventure game features a world full of talking, humanoid animals, amongst them a fox on his quest to find a stolen orb, a relic of the mythical humans.
Inherit the Earth was developed by The Dreamers Guild for the DOS platform and published by New World Computing. The game was originally released in 1994 and later ported to the Macintosh. The German version Erben der Erde: Die große Suche was published by Softgold and first released as a port to the Amiga, followed by the DOS version.
In 1996 the German Computer magazine with CD "Bestseller Games #10" brought 300,000 units of ITE on the German market as budget release.
In 2000 the former Dreamers Guild co-founder Joe Pearce started a new company Wyrmkeep Entertainment. In 2002 Pearce was able to acquire the rights for the game, and self-published Inherit the Earth on his website for Windows and macOS. The full version was offered for $20 via PayPal and Kagi.com, while a free demo was downloadable.
In late 2004 Pearce provided the ScummVM developers with the source code of ITE's SAGA engine (Scripts for Animated Graphic Adventures), which made ports to alternative platforms, like Linux, possible. In March 2007, a Pocket PC edition was released. This was followed by a port to the iPad in 2010.
The game has also seen a digital release on GOG.com and Steam in June 2013.
According to one of the original artists and animators, Lisa Jennings, the game was originally intended to be part of a trilogy, but due to conflicts between the developer and publisher, this never happened. This is why the game ends on a "To be continued" like note.
On January 13, 2013 a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign for the development of a sequel was initiated by Wyrmkeep Entertainment, but the funding goal was not met. A second campaign was started on July 16, 2014 with a higher goal to account for adding voice acting to the project. This campaign was also unsuccessful. On March 5, 2015, a Patreon funding drive was launched, with the aim to help finish funding the sequel's first of three chapters. This Patreon should lead into another Kickstarter drive, with the base goal undetermined, but stated to be under $30,000.
In a far future, mankind is extinct and Earth is populated by several tribes of anthropomorphic animals – collectively referred to as the Morph – who have achieved a level of technology and societal sophistication roughly equivalent to European civilization in the High Middle Ages. The humans are enshrined in legends as having been the ones who gave the Morph prehensile hands, mouths capable of speech, and the ability to think and feel, but the Morph have very little understanding of their long-lost forebears, who exist now only in stories, ruins and a few technological relics.
The game begins with the protagonist, Rif of the Fox Tribe, being falsely accused of having stolen the Orb of Storms (a technological relic of humankind which is able to predict the weather), primarily based on the fact that he was one of only two foxes in the area at the time of the theft. Rif volunteers to look for the Orb himself, and is given aid (and guards) in the form of Eeah of the Elk Guard and Okk of the Boar Tribe. As added insurance, the Boar King takes Rif's girlfriend Rhene hostage.
The trio circulate throughout the Known Lands over the course of their investigation; along the way, they discover the idiosyncrasies and strengths of the various Tribes under the protection of the Forest King (the Elk Tribe ruler who exerts hegemonic control over the whole region), some of which have other Orbs containing other knowledge left behind by the humans. With the assistance of Sist, the leader of the Rats, they eventually discover that the Orb of Storms was stolen by a Raccoon, an animal rarely, if ever, seen in the Known Lands. More worryingly, Sist reveals that the Boar King has formed an alliance with the Wolves who live far to the north; the two incidents are probably related.
Riff, Okk, and Eeah attempt to pass into the Wild Lands, the untamed regions to the north, but are apprehended by Prince, the selfish, spoiled ruler of the castle that the Dogs have sequestered themselves in. Rif manages to escape, and eventually enlists the aid of Alama, a Cat hermit, and a whole tribe of wildcats in freeing his friends.
The trio then secure passage further north, to the isolated island the Wolves have claimed for themselves. Once there, they learn that the Raccoon, Chota, has manipulated the Wolves' politics and stolen the Orb to take over the Known Lands, as the Orb of Storms is apparently the key to some sort of system left behind by the humans to control the weather. Deep inside Chota's fortress, a human hydroelectric dam, Rif, Okk and Eeah are able to outwit their enemies, and Chota and the Orb are presumed lost. The trio return to the Known Lands, where Rif makes an impassioned plea for the Tribes to work together, and that by combining their strengths, they won't need the Orbs to make their lives better. The Forest King take his advice, promotes Okk and Eeah, and releases Rhene.
Unknown to all, however, the Orb of Storms was not destroyed, and is preparing to initiate Chota's final command to begin a long drought. It awaits input on the ending date of the drought.
A background theme of the game is the fate of the humans. The game's introduction and manual explain that the humans created the Morph from their constituent animals, and then mysteriously disappeared sometime later. Nearly all information about humans, their civilization and their technology has been lost or passed into legend. The Rats, the most educated tribe, are the only ones who wholeheartedly believe in the humans' existence, due to their carefully documented exploration of human ruins; their ancestors were small enough to be kept in cages while they received "The Gift" (presumably the genetic modifications that turned them into the Morph).
Most of the human relics are in the third area of the game. On the North Island, the player explores ancient human ruins of hydroelectric dams, airports, and solar observatories. Clues, such as a flashing "EVACUATE" sign in the lobby of the building near the airport, and the fact that much of the equipment in the solar observatory and dam was left, imply that a sudden disaster may have overtaken the humans.
David Joiner, one of the game's key developers, revealed in an interview that humanity was eradicated by an airborne biological weapon, a scenario that was inspired by the Alistair MacLean novel The Satan Bug. This is alluded to in the game's opening sequence, which shows a tapestry depicting humans fleeing what looks like a giant microbe. The developers also explored the idea of humans living in a lunar base, alluded to in-game, when an astronomer/cartographer named Tycho Northpaw claims that the humans literally carved the features of the "Man on the Moon" to remind the morphs that they are being watched. Inside a hangar in the airport, there is a vehicle that appears to be an incomplete spacecraft.
Players[weasel words] have commented that some sections of the game feel contrived, particularly the opening scene, which establishes all major elements of the story within a few minutes with no player decisions. This, combined with the lack of development of the Rhene character, has been attributed[weasel words] to the difficulties associated with combining a serious and detailed plot with anthropomorphic animals - a theme usually associated with children's entertainment. The abrupt opening suggests part of the script may have been removed.
Our biggest conflict was simple: the developers wanted something that was rather adult in nature. The publishers saw animals and equated it with children, and so forced us at every turn to cater to the 8-12 range, up to and including removing any death scenes to keep a Children's Rating.
The story of the video game is continued in the official webcomic, Inherit the Earth, which takes place ten months after the events of the game. The webcomic is drawn by Allison Hershey, the game's original art designer, and co-written by Joe Pearce, the owner of Wyrmkeep Entertainment.
Computer Gaming World in August 1994 rated Inherit the Earth 2.5 stars out of five. While praising the graphics' "storybook charm" the reviewer stated that the game had too many mazes and fetch quests "tacked in order to extend its limited game play". He reported an "abrupt", incomplete ending and concluded that the game's "puzzles were given the least amount of attention". The game was reviewed in 1994 in Dragon #209 by Sandy Petersen in the "Eye of the Monitor" column. Petersen gave the game 2 out of 5 stars. Amiga Games issue 9/95 gave 92% and ASM issue 10/94 gave 10/12 points.
While not a commercial success, the game has some loyal following in the furry fandom.
^ Dickens, Evan (October 1, 2003). "Joe Pearce Interview". Adventure Gamers. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
^ Marceau, Erica (September 2, 2004). "Inherit the Earth". Archived from the original on June 6, 2008.
^ "Purchase Inherit the Earth". 2002. Archived from the original on August 11, 2003. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
^ Moss, Richard (January 16, 2012). "How scummvm kept adventure gaming alive". Ars Technica. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
^ "Wyrmkeep Entertainment is creating Inherit the earth: sand and shadows". Patreon Page.
^ Greenberg, Allen L. (August 1994). "Aesop's Quest". Computer Gaming World. pp. 42, 44.
^ Petersen, Sandy (September 1994). "Eye of the Monitor". Dragon (209): 61–62.
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Autoimmune diseases are extremely common and can develop at any age. Common examples include Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis and lupus.
Autoimmunity is a lifelong diagnosis, so it’s important to be regularly monitored to determine the success of your treatment plan. I encourage all my patients to take charge of their health by asking questions and educating themselves about their diagnosis, associated risks, and supportive therapies that you can do to improve your prognosis.
Whether you’re newly diagnosed with an autoimmune condition, or are looking to take charge of your health, here is my list of what you should be aware of if you have an autoimmune disease.
All autoimmune conditions have increased risks of developing associated symptoms and health conditions. I recommend having a discussion with your healthcare team to understand exactly what is associated with your condition and how it could be prevented or managed.
You may experience side effects from medications, such as restlessness and weight gain while taking prednisone. Alternately, some symptoms are caused by the condition itself, such as fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis. Some symptoms are complications of your condition, such as uveitis (swollen, red eyes) in someone with Crohn’s disease, and may indicate that you require more advanced treatment.
Once diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, there is also an increased risk of developing other autoimmune diseases. This is because the body’s immune system is already hyperactive and has lost the ability to differentiate between attacking intruders, like bacteria, and attacking its own body. It’s important to be screened regularly for other autoimmune conditions, especially if new symptoms arise.
Lastly, some autoimmune diseases put you at increased risk of other non-autoimmune diagnoses. For example, people with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are at increased risk of developing colon and small bowel cancers.
The bottom line is to understand your risks so that you can recognize new-onset symptoms and conduct regular screening for early detection of prevalent co-existing conditions.
Many autoimmune conditions require medications for either a short period of time to promote remission, or in some cases for the rest of your life. Many medications are a phenomenal part of autoimmune treatment, but I always want patients to understand what they’re putting into their body including the risks and side effects of medications. It’s also important to ask about side effects of coming off of medications, as there can be rebound effects when medications are stopped. Finally, it’s helpful to discuss what treatment escalation would look like if “plan A” doesn’t work, including the drawbacks and benefits of “plan B”.
Some side effects such as weight gain, depression, or fatigue can occur because of nutrient depletions or changes to eating and sleeping patterns caused by medications. Your Naturopathic Doctor can help you minimize side effects by developing a meal plan, lifestyle changes, and supplement plan to ensure your body is well supported during treatment.
If pregnancy is something you’re considering, it’s important to ask about the effects of medication on fertility, safety during pregnancy, and what your prescribing physician’s plan during pregnancy would look like. This is important even if you’re not thinking of pregnancy in the near future or aren’t yet sure if you’d like to have children – it’s always helpful to have all the information.
Some autoimmune conditions require close monitoring by your specialist. Treatment monitoring is most often done through symptom reporting (how are you feeling), imaging (MRI, ultrasound, etc.) and blood work (autoimmune and inflammatory markers). It’s helpful to have a basic understanding of what tests are needed, how frequently they should be run, and what parameters should be met for a treatment plan to be considered successful.
I also encourage annual or semi-annual testing for vitamin D, vitamin B12, and iron (ferritin, transferrin, iron saturation) to ensure the body’s nutrient status is ideal. You may also consider food intolerance testing and stress (cortisol) testing to reduce inflammation and support a healthy immune system.
Learn about what you can do in your day-to-day life to improve treatment outcomes, prevent co-morbidities, reduce medication reliance, and mitigate side effects.
There is so much that can be done with your Naturopathic Doctor to tailor your nutrition, supplements, IV therapy, herbs, and lifestyle factors to help you manage the course of your autoimmune condition. You may feel that aspects of your healthcare plan are beyond your control, but eating an autoimmune friendly diet, prioritizing sleep, and minimizing triggers like stress and over-exercising is something over which you have complete autonomy.
It can also be helpful to consider booking with a certified psychotherapist or social worker to, who can give you tools to help you manage anxiety and stress, which can exacerbate autoimmune conditions. Practitioners like osteopaths, physiotherapists, and massage therapists may also be helpful for managing pain and improving mobility in some autoimmune conditions.
The bottom line is that you are your best health advocate – so take charge by keeping your own health records, asking questions, becoming well-informed, and seeking out healthcare professionals who will support you. You are in control of your own health journey, and there’s so much you can do to reduce disease progression and improve your quality of life!
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Review: "Stanley, James Lee: The Apocaloptimist" - Sea of Tranquility - The Web Destination for Progressive Music!
James Lee Stanley is a singer/songwriter who has been around for decades and has amassed quite a large discography culminating with his latest album The Apocaloptimist. Before you set your sights on this album know one thing, this is folk inspired pop/soft rock and is far removed from the progressive genre. That is not to say this is a bad album because it clearly isn't. As a matter a fact, for a folk album it is pretty darn good.
Stanley proves to be adept on the acoustic guitar as all these tracks are acoustically driven with nicely flowing rhythms and solid picking. He also has a warm sounding voice with an understated delivery that is ideally suited to project his thought provoking lyrics.
Songs like "Living The Party Life" and "Highway 23" are a nice blend of folk and pop while the mid tempo rock of "Gypsies In The Hallway" features impressive slide work from Little Feat's Paul Barrere. Many of the tunes have a gentle, relaxing feel like the incredibly poignant folk ballad "Here We Have My Father" and the breezily wistful "Last Call". Paul Simon came to mind on a couple of tracks, most notably on the catchy acoustics of "When You Get Right Down To It" and the mellow acoustic ballad "Any Other Way" with its folky '70s flair.
The only cover is a complete reimagining of The Beatles' "Drive My Car" featuring excellent harmonica from Corky Siegel.
While The Apocaloptimist didn't knock my socks off, it is enjoyable for what it is; a melodic batch of singer/songwriter based tunes that are as relaxing as they are poignant, which may be good or bad, depending on your point of view.
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Shedding a natural part of owning a wool rug. Although it's impossible for a wool rug not to shed, here are some suggestions for decreasing, and even preventing, shedding.
Firstly, don't panic. Your rug is not falling apart. The type of fiber from which a rug is constructed is one thing to consider when conquering shedding. When exploring the various types of natural and synthetic fibers, remember that wool will shed. It is inevitable. If you purchase a wool rug, you can expect that it will shed. Natural fibers, like wool, naturally shed.
So, if coping with shedding is just a natural process of being a rug owner, understanding how to tame the fibers not only helps to entend the life of the rug but to minimize the amount of fibers floating around the home.
1. High or low traffic - It's important to consider exactly where the rug will be placed. In an area with higher traffic, you can certainly expect more shedding to take place. This means that you may notice rug fibers on clothes, socks, the floor bordering the rug and on other upholstery in the room. In a lower traffic area, rug shedding would be less noticeable.
2. Vacuum. A lot. - When you first purchase your rug, be prepared to vacuum once a day, for at least 10 days. Although it may sound like quite a bit of vacuuming, it will help control the shedding on a daily basis, especially in the beginning, when the shedding is more prevalent. After the initial daily stint, consider vacuuming the rug 1 to 2 times per week until you notice the shedding subsiding.
3. Pile vs. Vacuum Height - Adjusting your vacuum to the proper height relative to the pile of your rug will help to control shedding, but not to create excess shedding. Setting a vacuum height too low, particularly if the pile of the rug is high, can create excess shedding by loosening secured piles.
4. Take Your Time - When you are vacuuming, be prepared to go slowly. Rushing the process means that you'll miss some loose fibers. Slowly go over every inch of the rug, picking up as much as possible. You'll have to go over the rug again much sooner than you anticipated if you don't take your time with it.
5. Dirty Shoes - The dirt and sand that you can bring in on your shoes have a tendency to settle into a rug. The particles travel to the bottom of the pile, as you walk over the rug, and the abrasiveness of the particles can loosen the piles. Loose piles=more shedding. Be sure to shake of shoes or avoid walking on the rug while wearing shoes.
We hope this helps. Let us know if you have any more questions about preventing rug shedding or if you have any other tips you would like to share.
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Slayer was formed in 1981, by Los Angeles schoolmates and guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King. Tom Araya soon joined on bass and vocals, and drummer Dave Lombardo joined last in 1982. They played in a style reminiscent of early Exodus, influenced heavily by Iron Maiden and Judas Priest, before their attendance at a mid-1982 Metallica concert convinced them to play faster and heavier.
"Black Magic" was written in February 1983 and marked Slayer's definite venture into thrash metal. They secured a spot on the compilation appeareance "Metal Massacre III" in 1983, contributing the speed metal song "Aggressive Perfector". They also recorded two demos in 1983, and became a popular live act in the Los Angeles area. (In 1983, Bob Gourley filled in for Dave for one gig. He later appeared in Dark Angel.) Their debut LP, Show no Mercy, was recorded in November, 1983.
"Show No Mercy" was released after Slayer appeared on Brian Slagel's "Metal Massacre III" compilation. Then came two EPs: "Haunting the Chapel" and "Live Undead" which was actually recorded in the studio in front of 50 of their closest friends.
Dave Lombardo left the band in 1987 for several weeks, and was replaced for a few live gigs by Tony Scaglione (Whiplash), and then again left in 1992. The band disappeared for a while, and was presumed killed in a bizarre gardening accident. Finally, in 1994, Paul Bostaph from Forbidden was brought in, and three more albums were recorded. Drummer Jon Dette was an official member of Slayer briefly in 1996.
Then, in 2001, Bostaph left to join Systematic, and Lombardo, who had been in Grip Inc. and Fantômas rejoined the band.
It's official that Slayer is the most covered metal band in the world aside from Metallica.
Kerry King played lead guitar on the Beastie Boys songs "Fight For Your Right" and "No Sleep Till Brooklyn", and appeared in the music video for the latter.
Tom Araya's brother John (Bloodcum) worked as an sound engineer for Slayer in their early days.
Gene Hoglan, the legendary drummer who has played in bands such as Dark Angel, Strapping Young Lad, and Death, used to be a Slayer lights man and roadie on the Show No Mercy tour, and was asked to be Dave Lombardo's drum tech on the Haunting North America tour ('84), but knocked it back to pursue his own music career. He even did backup vocals on the album Show No Mercy (the song Evil Has No Boundaries).
The band was never known as Dragonslayer. This has been refuted in countless interviews. And Slayer is not an acronym for 'Satan Laughs As You Eternally Rot', even though those words appeared on the first vinyl pressing of "Show No Mercy", between the grooves of the record and the paper label in the middle.
The band covered Steppenwolf's "Born To Be Wild" for the "NASCAR: Crank It Up" compilation in 2002.
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Le duc Guillaume Ier d'Aquitaine a fondé le monastère de Cluny, qui est devenu un moteur pour réformer l'église.
Isaac II Angelos kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronikos I Komnenos and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
Scots jointly-led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English.
the forces of Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling, on the River Forth.
The Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius.
Santiago is destroyed by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco.
Ottoman forces retreat from Malta ending the Great Siege of Malta.
una giovane nobildonna romana giustiziata per parricidio e poi assurta al ruolo di eroina popolare.
Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there.
Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.
The outcome of the siege and the extent to which civilians were targeted is a significant topic of debate among historians.
an English political theorist of classical republicanism, best known for his controversial work, The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656).
a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history.
Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War.
The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish Empire ceases to be a major power.
Great Britain, Netherlands & Austria fight against France.
Barcelona（capital city of Catalonia）surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies.
un compositeur français, organiste et claveciniste.
Giovanni Domenico Maraldi scopre i cluster globari chiamati Messier 2 nella costellazione Aquarius.
Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
A small detachment of militia from Northampton County are attacked by Native Americans & Loyalists near Little Nescopeck Creek.
The beginning of the Annapolis Convention.
The "Hope Diamond" is stolen along with other French crown jewels when 6 men break into the house where they are stored.
The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball.
In Leipzig wird Friedrich Schillers romantische Tragödie "Die Jungfrau von Orléans" uraufgeführt. Das der Weimarer Klassik zugehörige Stück wird zu Schillers Zeiten sein meistgespieltes Werk.
1802/0911：Annexion du Piémont par la France.
France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
between British troops under General Lake, and Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin.
British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington, D.C..
a major United States victory in the war.
In the northern part of New York State, the American army and the British army fought. The US military stopped the British troops who had been advancing from the north.
one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and James Mill.
ein österreichischer Musikästhetiker und einer der einflussreichsten Musikkritiker seiner Zeit.
Captain William Morgan, an ex-freemason is arrested in Batavia, New York for debt after declaring that he would publish The Mysteries of Free Masonry, a book against Freemasonry. This sets into motion the events that lead to his mysterious disappearance.
Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown in order to retake Mexico. This was the consummation of Mexico's campaign for independence.
one of the first American political party conventions.
The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating Empire of Brazil's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the Ragamuffin War.
The painter John Rand receives a US patent on the tube he invented, originally intended for filling with paint.
Escaped slaves stand against their former owner in armed resistance in Christiana, Pennsylvania, creating a rallying cry for the abolitionist movement.
The State of Buenos Aires secedes from the Argentine Federal government, rejoining on September 17, 1861. Several places are named Once de Septiembre after this event.
Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
A four-person group of mountaineers stands for the first time in the Valais Alps on the Dom, the highest mountain that is entirely within Switzerland.
British ambassador Allcock climbed Mount Fuji for the first time as a foreigner.
an American short story writer. His stories are known for their surprise endings.
In Hamburg erscheint der umfangreiche erste Band von Karl Marx' Hauptwerk Das Kapital.
is founded at the Virginia Military Institute.
an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter.
D. H. Lawrence, poète et romancier britannique († 2 mars 1930).
Australia invades New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka.
The Quebec Bridge's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge previously collapsed completely on August 29, 1907.
un des pilotes de guerre français les plus célèbres de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Nahalal（the first moshav in Palestine）is settled as part of a Zionist plan to colonize Palestine and creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel.
Die Uraufführung des Propagandafilms Hitlerjunge Quex erfolgt in Berlin.
For the first time, a computer is remote-controlled, which is realized by George Stibitz (Bell Labs) by telephone.
German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija ending the Italian occupation of Corsica.
Start of the Nazi liquidation of the Minsk and Lida ghettos.
The Western Allied invasion of Germany begins near the city of Aachen.
RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500.
Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo.
a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.
Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947, and then as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death.
US President Harry Truman approved military operations north of the 38th parallel.
The first performance of Igor Stravinsky's opera "The Rake's Progress" takes place at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice.
strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state.
The Beatles record their first single "Love Me Do".
The Indian Army captures the town of Burki, just southeast of Lahore.
Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew.
The Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25.
A coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende.
Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990.
a Chilean physician and politician, known as the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.
A bomb planted by a Croatian terrorist, Zvonko Bušić, is found at New York's Grand Central Terminal; one NYPD officer is killed trying to defuse it.
Voters approve a new Constitution of Chile, later amended after the departure of President Pinochet.
The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut.
Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by Phalange forces.
Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record for most career hits with his 4,192nd hit.
one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Oahu.
the chess world championship begins in 1995 between title defender Garri Kasparov and challenger Viswanathan Anand.
1997/0911：USA、NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.
After a nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom.
Two hijacked aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, while a third smashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, in a series of coordinated suicide attacks by 19 members of al-Qaeda. A total of 2,996 people are killed.
Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of All Bombs.
The U.S. embassy in Benghazi, Libya is attacked, resulting in four deaths.
A crane collapses onto the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Saudi Arabia, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others.
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Looking for ways to be more active in South Carolina? The Move More Blog is the only resource you need to stay active and learn about ways to move more for better health. Know what you're looking for? Try the search term box to look for specific topics and resources.
Identify partners: Begin by bringing together the local partners who have a vested interest in creating a more walkable community, whether that is local government staff, an Eat Smart Move More chapter, an informal walking or running group, neighborhood associations, or senior citizens groups. This should also include potential partners in planning and funding, such as the regional Council of Governments, Metropolitan Planning Organization, SCDOT, and local foundations.
Create a comprehensive pedestrian master plan: The plan should include an assessment of pedestrian needs, recommendations for new or improved pedestrian infrastructure, policies, and programs, and action steps for seeking funding and implementing recommended projects. Once complete, the Plan should be adopted by the local council and the community should identify a municipal department or local advocacy group that will spearhead moving it forward.
Calm the traffic: There are a number of low-cost, easy-to-implement strategies that can have a big impact on the safety and practicality of walking, without requiring large capital projects. Look for opportunities to calm traffic on streets that are already known as walking routes but are not ideal in terms of pedestrian safety and comfort. Traffic calming can be an effective tool for prioritizing pedestrians over cars on neighborhoods streets.
Activate the street: Rather than calming the traffic on busier streets, consider ramping up the pedestrian amenities on lower-volume streets or streets already safe and comfortable for pedestrians. The focus is creating a space that is inviting, interesting, and fun for pedestrians whether through wayfinding signage, creating parklets, installing outdoor art, allowing outdoor café seating, or hosting temporary ‘open streets’ events to encourage play.
Close the gaps: The best way to leverage existing investments is to close the gaps in the existing walking network. The most obvious approach is to identify blocks where sidewalk is missing and could connect two existing sections. But closing the gap can also include: improving the crossing at an difficult intersection between to sections of sidewalks; signing a route to show pedestrians the best way to connect from one trail to another; or identifying bridges (whether creek crossings, overpasses, underpasses, or another form) where no safe pedestrian access is provide and prioritizing improvements to that gap.
Take the long view: Consider focusing on policy changes as a first step, knowing that it will take time to see its impact. Choosing to walk for transportation is inextricably linked to land use planning, which is governed by local policies. If residential areas are planned miles away from institutional and commercial destinations (such as schools, restaurants or grocery stores) or are developed without connections to the destinations that are nearby, citizens will never have a chance to choose walking. Local and County policies can directly impact this; and though it takes time, policy change can be one of the most efficient, and sustainable approaches to transforming a community.
What is walkability? The most basic definition is simply, “the ability to walk.” However, true walkability is so much more than that. It can affect everyday decisions and quality of life in ways you may not even realize.
Last week my husband realized that he often opts not to walk to work because of time, but when considered in the larger context of his schedule, it is actually his most efficient commute choice. For him, walking requires a 25 minute walk at a relatively fast pace. When he drives, the total trip from our driveway to the office door, takes about 15 minutes (parking and traffic included, which many people forget to factor in their estimate of travel time). This means that on the days he walks to work, he spends 50 minutes on his roundtrip commute and gets 50 minutes of moderately vigorous physical activity. Compared to a 30 minute round trip commute with zero physical activity, he has added 20 minutes to his trip but gained 50 minutes of exercise. That’s a pretty good deal!
So if you consider exercise an important part of the week – and particularly if you have a hard time finding the time to exercise like we do – you can easily see the value of walkability, whether it applies to the trip to work, or choosing to walk to the bank, library, school, or park.
But everyday decisions like my husband’s only exist in communities where walking is possible and practical. Communities with optimal walkability embody three main principles: physical access, places to go, and proximity to home.
Physical access is the cornerstone of walkability. In a walkable community, people must have a safe means of traveling somewhere. This means that there must be a physical path marking the entire route where pedestrians are allowed. Without accessible sidewalks and trails, pedestrians are unable to safely walk anywhere.
Physical access may provide a means of getting around, but in order for a community to be truly walkable, there must be an end to that means. Sidewalks with no points of destination aren’t very effective. Instead, trails, paths, and sidewalks should connect residents’ homes with their workplaces, schools, stores, transit stops, culture, and restaurants.
Proximity to home is another key component of walkability. A general rule of thumb is that desirable destinations should be within a half mile of homes for a community to be considered walkable–that’s about a 10-minute walk.
With each of these variables defined, it’s also important to ask why walkability is so important. Our bodies weren’t designed to sit all day. In fact, long periods of sitting have been linked to problems with our muscles, bones, and even brain function. In a culture where work often consumes our lives, it’s no surprise that one of the most common excuses for avoiding exercise is, “I don’t have time.” We wake up, get ready, drive to work, drive home, and then take care of our children. Where does exercise fit into our responsibilities?
According to a study by the AAA Foundation for Driver Safety, American drivers spend an average of 46 minutes driving each day. Imagine living in a community where you are able to walk to work, school, and other activities. Instead of carving out extra time reserved for exercise, walkable communities allow us to incorporate physical activity into routine parts of our day that already exist. It’s no surprise that walkable communities have a lower incidence of obesity and diabetes.
Consider the benefits of walkable communities. Do you think walking is important? Are you interested in making your community more accessible and focusing on walking as a priority? Stay tuned for part 2 of this post where we will share ideas for improving walkability in your community. And in the meantime, check the Health + Planning Toolkit developed by Eat Smart, Move More South Carolina and its partners, to learn how you can help facilitate healthy change where you live.
There are many reasons to be physically active. We may engage in physical activity to improve our health, to connect with friends, to relieve stress or to have fun. In order to be active, South Carolinians need safe, affordable and convenient spaces and places to be active.
Local schools have a variety of outdoor recreational facilities—playgrounds, fields, courts and tracks—where people can engage in physical activity. Being intentional about making schools’ outdoor recreational facilities available for communities to use is an effective, affordable way to promote and support physical activity among citizens. The South Carolina School Boards Association (SCSBA) and the Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) is in full support of schools and school districts allowing the community free access to schools outdoor recreational facilities.
This year, DHEC will be reaching out to schools, school districts and communities to encourage the adoption, implementation and promotion of open community use.
DHEC and Eat Smart Move More South Carolina have developed an open community use playbook, Breaking Physical Activity Barriers Through Open Community Use. The playbook provides guidance to school administrators, teachers and community members interested in adopting and implementing the strategy to increase physical activity. To better understand the current status of open community use, DHEC assessed and published The Status of Open Community Use in South Carolina 2015.
We hope to create communities where being physically active is not only easier but also safe and fun. In years to come, we hope to see more school districts embrace the SCSBA’s open community use model policy and more schools practicing and promoting open community use.
You can find schools in your area that are open for community use at www.letsgosc.org! If your school isn’t listed, contact the principal to find out if open community use is allowed.
Your body is your vehicle, so you have to keep your engine — your heart — running when you work out.
Ideally, fuel up two hours before you exercise by:Hydrating with water.
Eating healthy carbohydrates such as whole-grain cereals (with low-fat or skim milk), whole-wheat toast (without the fatty cream cheese), low-fat or fat-free yogurt, whole grain pasta, brown rice, fruits and vegetables.
If you only have 5-10 minutes before you exercise, eat a piece of fruit such as an apple or banana. “The key is to consume easily digested carbohydrates, so you don’t feel sluggish,” Platt said.
Platt notes that you don’t need to eat during a workout that’s an hour or less. But, for longer, high intensity vigorous workouts, she recommends eating 50-100 calories every half hour of carbohydrates such as raisins, an energy bar or banana.
I am a pediatrician. And I am addicted to geocaching. There, I’ve said it.
So what is geocaching? Geocaching is treasure hunting. Geocaching is spending a beautiful spring afternoon outdoors with your family. Geocaching is exploring areas right in your neighborhood or several hours away that you never knew existed. Geocaching is watching your children figure out how to cross the creek upstream and hike the trail back on the other side to find the treasure that the know is hiding there…somewhere.
Have I got you interested yet? So what actually is geocaching? Geocaching is simply treasure hunting with a GPS-enabled device. There are thousands of geocaches registered at geocaching.com. The geocacher uses the coordinates to navigate to the correct location along with clues that help to pinpoint the location or describe the cache. A cache can be anything from a Tupperware container filled with trinkets for trade to a tiny film canister with a rolled up paper log to sign. There are geocaches in our state parks, in local parks and even in shopping center parking lots. You’ve probably walked past a geocache and not even realized it.
Why is geocaching one of my favorite activities? Hunting for a geocache can be the focal point of a family hike on a beautiful day. My family has found geocaches in state parks all over our beautiful state and far beyond. Some are right off the trails and some require some serious effort to reach. When my children were very young, they would beg to go on a hike and hunt for a geocache. Even now, as college students, they will ask to look up geocaches and go exploring when we are on family trips.
We have hidden travel bugs, small tags which are registered and attached to a tiny toy or stuffed animal and then passed from cache to cache by different geocachers. We get to follow the travel bugs’ adventures as it moves from town to town and state to state.
What is my favorite geocaching experience? On a family ski trip to West Virginia, we went hunting for a geocache that seemed like it must be hidden under several feet of snow. It seemed like it would be absolutely impossible to find. Right before we were about to concede defeat and give up the very cold search, we noticed a metal drainage pipe not far from the coordinate location. Sure enough, there was a tiny microcache hidden inside the pipe. We signed the log and then headed to the ski lodge for some well-deserved hot chocolate.
I have also hidden several caches in the Northeast Columbia area. As the “owner” of the cache, I am notified when a geocacher logs that they have found one of my caches. They can leave me a note describing their search and telling me what, if anything, they left behind. I love reading that a child found one of my caches with their parents and had a great time doing it.
So are you ready to give geocaching a try? Check out geocaching.com. Find a geocache listing near you, head outdoors with a GPS device and explore a whole new world of treasure hunting. If you’re in Columbia, head to Sesquicentennial State Park and look for “Prescription for Parks” or any of the other caches hidden in this beautiful park. I can tell you that you’ll get some great exercise finding them. And you’ll leave the park wanting to find even more. Happy Geocaching, everyone!
American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week – or a combination of the two for adults.
But what exactly do moderate and vigorous exercise mean and how do you know if you’re working out at the right intensity?
There are a couple different ways to measure the level of intensity at which you are exercising and that level is based on your individual fitness level and overall health.
A high correlation exists between a person’s perceived exertion rating times 10 and the actual heart rate during physical activity; so a person’s exertion rating may provide a fairly good estimate of the actual heart rate during activity (Borg, 1998). For example, if a person’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is 12, then 12 x 10 = 120; so the heart rate should be approximately 120 beats per minute.
Note that this calculation is only an approximation of heart rate, and the actual heart rate can vary quite a bit depending on age and physical condition. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion is also the preferred method to assess intensity among those individuals who take medications that affect heart rate or pulse.
During your workout, use the RPE Scale to assign numbers to how you feel. Self-monitoring how hard your body is working can help you adjust the intensity of the activity by speeding up or slowing down your movements.
Through experience of monitoring how your body feels, it will become easier to know when to adjust your intensity.
Moderate-intensity physical activity is defined as – physical activity done on a scale relative to an individual’s personal capacity, moderate-intensity physical activity is usually 11-14 on a scale of 1 to 20.
Vigorous-intensity physical activity is defined as – physical activity done on a scale relative to an individual’s personal capacity, vigorous-intensity physical activity is usually 17-19 on a scale of 1 to 20.
Read more about moderate and vigorous activity on the American Heart Association’s website.
Harbison State Forest is located about 25 minutes northwest of downtown Columbia, and offers several hiking and mountain biking trails. (Use the map to find it!) The Firebreak Trail can be walked for a relaxing stroll through nature, or run for a good cardio workout! This easy-moderate trail starts right at the parking lot and brings you on a loop through the southern half of the park. It’s mostly flat, and features a gradual hill and a muddy dip in elevation around the half way point. I wouldn’t walk this trail in your favorite sneakers; the mud was hard to avoid in some places. At 2-2.5 miles in, there is a small stream that needs to be crossed with the help of some well-placed rocks. It took us about an hour to walk the whole trail at a moderate pace. It’s always smart to bring water and a friend to walk with when going into the woods, especially when trying a trail for the first time. The trail was marked well and the park wasn’t crowded, but we encountered other hikers or mountain bikers about every 15 minutes. This park is pet friendly, but dogs must be kept on leashes. I would definitely recommend this trail to a friend!
When you work out, are you doing too much or not enough? There’s a simple way to know: Your target heart rate helps you hit the bull’s eye. “We don’t want people to over-exercise, and the other extreme is not getting enough exercise,” says Gerald Fletcher, M.D., a cardiologist and professor in the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine in Jacksonville, Fla.
Before you learn how to calculate and monitor your target training heart rate, you have to know your resting heart rate. Your resting heart rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute while it’s at rest. You can check it in the morning after you’ve had a good night’s sleep and before you get out of bed.
This table shows estimated target heart rates for different ages. Your maximum heart rate is about 220 minus your age.
Important Note: A few high blood pressure medications lower the maximum heart rate and thus the target zone rate. If you’re taking such medicine, call your physician to find out if you need to use a lower target heart rate.
So what’s in a number?
If your heart rate is too high, you’re straining. So slow down. If it’s too low, and the intensity feels “light” or “moderate/brisk,” you may want to push yourself to exercise a little harder.
During the first few weeks of working out, aim for the lower ranger of your target zone (50 percent) and gradually build up to the higher range (85 percent). After six months or more, you may be able to exercise comfortably at up to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate.
If you have a heart condition or you’re in cardiac rehab, talk to a healthcare professional about what exercises you can engage in, what your target heart rate should be and whether you need to be monitored during physical activity. This will also help you to choose the types of physical activity that are appropriate for your current fitness level and health goals, because some activities are safer than others.
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Much of Powell's short and tragic life was dogged by mental illness, and he spent a large proportion of his adult years in a series of institutions. Towards the end of his life, the drugs he took to control his problems caused him severe side-effects, and he had no sooner weaned himself off them, than he contracted tuberculosis and spent over a year in a French hospital. Despite this, along with Thelonious Monk, he was one of the most significant architects of modern jazz piano playing.
His nimble right-hand melody lines rivalled those of Charlie Parker's saxophone or Dizzy Gillespie's trumpet for their speed, invention and harmonic ingenuity. Powell was a child prodigy, playing piano round Harlem as a child, and joining trumpeter Cootie Williams' band while still in his teens. His first discs with Williams from 1944 show a mature piano style, based on Art Tatum's, but with only a few hints of the brilliance that was to come.
This emerged in discs made in 1946 with J. J. Johnson and Kenny Clarke, and in a remarkable trio session from 1947, with the miraculous Bud's Bubble, a high-speed virtuoso performance that eclipsed any previous modern jazz piano recording. This was not issued at the time, and when Powell made his next discs for Blue Note and Clef in 1949, he had already spent time in hospital with mental problems, partly brought on by a severe beating he had received from police a few years before, when he was still in Cootie Williams' band.
Nevertheless, his early Blue Note discs were a triumph, and as well as quintet sides with Fats Navarro and Sonny Rollins, he made some exquisite trio discs, including the forceful Latin number Un Poco Loco. His mid-1950s work was uneven, and interrupted by spells in institutions, as well as problems caused by intolerance to drugs and alcohol. In the late 1950s he moved to France and his career underwent a renaissance.
His trio with drummer Kenny Clarke and bassist Pierre Michelot was known as Le Trois Patrons (The Three Bosses) and he became a legendary figure in Paris. His best work, including a spectacular session with Dexter Gordon, recaptured the brilliance of his early days, and there were other such highlights from his European years, including discs with Coleman Hawkins, Don Byas and Johnny Griffin. In 1964 he returned to the United States, and his career declined rapidly, leading to his premature death a couple of years later.
Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell (September 27, 1924 – July 31, 1966) was an American jazz pianist. Though Thelonious Monk was a close friend and influence, his greatest piano influence was Art Tatum.
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Does this mean I can blame Social Security?
Speaking of the Schindlers, James Wolcott has a post up that truly disturbs me. The more I think about it, the more it sounds like the rationale of extremism.
Wolcott's point is to critique the handling of this matter by the pundits, which criticism is fair enough. Pundits tend to be pack animals, and it is easier to sympathize with the patient and the parents fighting to keep her alive, than with the husband fighting to remove life support. Pundits, especially on television, simply don't handle nuance very well. But when Wolcott supports his argument by quoting Steve Gilliard's comments on the Schindlers, it moves into treacherous territory.
Not because the Schindlers are above reproach, but for a more fundamental reason, one connected to the very foundation of ethics: do unto others, as you would have them do unto you. A good idea when it is applied to you; not a good idea, when you turn it into a club with which to beat others.
Because the essence of what Gilliard says, is that the Schindlers don't deserve our sympathy, or our consideration, based on the way they have acted. They have, in other words, put themselves beyond the limited reach of our consideration, a consideration wholly bounded by: "What have you done for me, lately?" Or, more accurately: "What have you done to earn my respect lately?" To quote Wolcott quoting Gilliard: "Sayeth Steve Gilliard: 'You know I want to sympathize with them, but at every turn, they do something even sleazier and more revolting. They should have stopped the children from being arrested. That hurt them. Badly. Then Mary Schindler's creepy appeal tonight to "have her daughter". She was a married woman. Not her property. Now, the sale of the [online donor] list and the allegations of abuse...'"
These are not unfair criticisms. What is unfair, however, is using them as a basis for deciding who is, and who is not, deserving of ethical treatment, of consideration as human beings. It's a meme that gets repeated, around the internet if nowhere else, but it is one that has no place in ethical discourse, or an ethical society. The theme gets used a lot on "trolls," which usually comes to mean people who don't conform to the groupthink of the thread, as much as to people who simply want to disrupt a thread. But that's a small enough forum that its use can be excused, even if it can also be condmened. In the larger forum of the "blogosphere," different considerations should apply. Not just because it is an ethical question; but also because ignoring ethics cheapens the public discourse; and that discourse is already cheap enough, without further contributions.
The fundamental fairness of ethics is that all are treated equally, despite their individual behavior. If we replace that fundamental position with one of "And what have you done to earn my favor", well, it's not even a slippery slope any more: it's 90 degrees straight down to hell.
To be fair, of course, Steve Gilliard is free not to sympathize with the Schindlers if he chooses, and equally free to choose the basis for withdrawing his sympathy. Further, neither Mr. Gilliard nor Mr. Wolcott seems to be talking about ethics; they are concerned only with establishing the basis for their public sympathies, or lack thereof, in this case. But how we act, and why, are fundamentally ethical questions. And whenever we displace ethics with sympathy, morality with empathy, and begin to decide our actions and then justify them on the basis of what we simply feel, we start down the slippery slope toward a toothless and blind society.
It may be satisfying to take public potshots at such public (and publicly unpleasant) persons as the Schindlers. But it generates more heat than light, more sympathy for not thinking than for thinking clearly, and lowers the level of discourse all around. It may seem inconvenient to take ethics into account in such circumstances; but it is, at the very least, responsible.
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1. Harvesting depends upon the purpose for which they are used. Four maturity stages are generally recognized.
a. Green stage: The mature green fruits are generally harvested to send them to the distant market.
b. Pink Stage: At this stage colour turns to pink or red at the blossom end. They are picked for local market.
c. Ripe stage: At this stage surface of the most of the fruits is red and the soften of fruits begins.
d. Fully Ripe: At this stage fruits have approached maximum colour development and are soft. Starch is charged into sugars. They are generally consumed or used for canning and processing.
Depending upon the purpose for which they are used and market distance, tomatoes are harvested manually by plucking the fruits at different maturity stages.
1. Chillies are harvested at two stages, one for green vegetables and the other as dry chillies.
2. Green Chillies are harvested when they are fully mature and before they change from green to red.
3. Chillies for drying should be harvested when colour changes from green to red.
Depending upon the purpose for which chillies are to be used, fruits are picked either green or fully red ripe.
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What are mineral granules and how do they protect the asphalt shingles?
Granules are made from mineral or rock fragments, such as shale, that are then embedded into the top of the shingle. The mineral granules provide protection from the sun by preventing the UV rays from becoming fully absorbed by the asphalt. They also improve the shingles’ resistance to fire.
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(CNN) Two simple words became a rallying cry on Twitter to stand against sexual harassment and assault.
Social media was flooded with messages Sunday, mostly from women, who tagged their profiles to indicate that they have been sexually harassed or assaulted.
“If you’ve been sexually harassed or assaulted write ‘me too’ as a reply to this tweet,” she wrote.
The movement started in response to the Harvey Weinstein scandal and its ensuing fall out.
Weinstein has been disgraced after several women have accused him of sexual misconduct.
In addition to losing his job and his wife, Weinstein was stripped of his membership in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on Saturday.
After Milano posted the message to her Twitter account, an onslaught of women — some famous and many not — tweeted “Me too” and shared their experiences.
#MeToo began trending and some men even added their voices.
Amy Siskind, president of the women’s advocacy nonprofit group The New Agenda, told Bustle #MeToo became popular as an extension of her campaign #WomenWhoRoar, which was a call not to boycott Twitter after it temporarily blocked Rose McGowan.
Milano costarred with McGowan on the show “Charmed.” McGowan has alleged that Weinstein raped her.
McGowan has become an outspoken online critic of both Weinstein and Hollywood’s culture of objectification.
Milano said she is passionate about women’s rights.
On Monday Twitter confirmed to CNN that #MeToo had been tweeted more than a half a million times.
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Despicable Me: Minion Rush popularly referred to as Minion Rush, is the hilarious game based on the film Despicable Me. The game is an endless runner game, and the goal of the players is to collect as many bananas while dodging and defeating villains and other obstacles. The longer a player runs, the more bananas, they will collect, which they can use to unlock different levels of the game. Here is a vivid description of the game.
Players play the game by controlling a minion, which can be Dave, Carl or Jerry while competing with other minions. There are three tracks with floating bananas, and the player is expected to collect them by controlling the minions by moving to the right or left. The trick is to focus on upcoming attacks and challenges more than collecting the bananas. There are power-ups that players can use to overcome the attacks, and stand a chance to receive rewards in the form of tokens or bananas if they successfully collect every fruit in the Jelly lab machine. Minion Rush has four game modes that are Global Events Mode, Races mode, Jelly Lab mode and Special Mission mode.
In minion races, a player may play as Dave, Jerry or Carl and race with two other opponents chosen at random. During a race, a player ought to choose a weapon, referred to as gadgets, to take part in the race. The gadgets come free after the player downloads the game, and there are other special gadgets purchasable using tokens. Winning a race continuously earns a player different kind of prizes.
The game has a unique game mode known as special mission. During a special mission run, a player has to collect special items in given locations, and it is independent of the races or jelly lab events. Every special mission has three stages with every stage having different items to collect and various prizes to win, for instance, tokens, costume, and prize pod. Examples of special missions include a wedding party, extreme sports, April fool’s prank, minion safari and holiday quest.
There are daily or weekly contests where players contend for prizes such as bananas, tokens, and prize pods. Every event has a target such as most bananas collected or highest score and they all take place in a given location. There are top prizes such as a number of tokens or a costume.
In the Minion Rush, tokens are important because a player can use them to revive a minion when it dies. What is more, tokens help a player skip goals that may be hard to complete, buy different costumes, buy locations, buy power-ups and even purchase more bananas. By default a player is given 50 tokens at the beginning of the game that are lost quickly if a player skips a goal or revives a minion. With no token at all, a player may purchase them using real money, costing 25$. A player can earn extra free Gru token by connecting to Facebook and sending challenges to friends.
The player can unlock and use power-ups, which increase minion’s abilities. The power-ups are many, including minion shield, freeze ray, banana splitter, Gru’s Rocket, fluffy unicorn and many more. Some power-ups such as the fluffy unicorn and banana splinter are usually a safe bet since they net a player large quantities of bananas.
Props are a special kind of power-ups available only in specific locations, and a player may purchase them using bananas or tokens. For instance, snowboards are available in The Arctic Base, minion gliders are found in the residential area only, scooters in the mall, skateboards in minion parks and motor crosses in the volcano only. When using props, a player has access to much more special stuff such as multipliers particularly when running special missions and has access to three props during the run. Players also earn multipliers by running over other minions.
In Minion Rush, players have to dodge some villains for minions known as bosses. The bosses attack and try to smash the minions, and the game may end if the minion is smashed, but if the player succeeds to escape the attacks or throw items at the bosses, they are defeated. A player may escape the bosses by controlling the minion through moving to the right or left while in midair.
Players can customize the minions through buying, unlocking, or customizing different costumes. Minion Rush has many different unlockable and purchasable costumes that give minions better abilities, for instance, a firefighter costume increases the despicable score multiplier by 3 levels, worker costume increases the bananas collected by 10% and the maid costume increases chances of finding freeze rays. As of version 2.0.1 of Minion Rush, a player can upgrade the abilities of every costume. The game begins with a classic minion outfit and as the game progresses; a player may purchase new outfits using bananas.
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For the Western Hemisphere term, see Northern American English.
The vowel sound in sun across England. Northern English dialects have not undergone the FOOT–STRUT split, distinguishing them from both Southern England and Scottish dialects.
The English language in Northern England has been shaped by the region's history of settlement and migration, and today encompasses a group of related dialects known as Northern England English (or, simply, Northern English in the United Kingdom). Historically, the strongest influence on the varieties of the English language spoken in Northern England was the Northumbrian dialect of Old English, but contact with Old Norse during the Viking Age and with Irish English following the Great Famine have produced new and distinctive styles of speech. Some "Northern" traits can be found further south than others: only the northernmost accents of Northumberland and Tyneside retain the pre-Great Vowel Shift pronunciation of words such as town (/tuːn/, "toon"), but all northern accents lack the FOOT–STRUT split, and this trait extends a significant distance into the Midlands.
The varieties of English spoken across Great Britain form a dialect continuum, and there is no universally agreed definition of which varieties are Northern. The most restrictive definition of the linguistic North includes only those dialects spoken north of the River Tees. Other linguists, such as John C. Wells, describe these as the dialects of the "Far North" and treat them as a subset of all Northern English dialects. Conversely, Wells uses a very broad definition of the linguistic North, comprising all dialects that have not undergone the TRAP–BATH and FOOT–STRUT splits. Using this definition, the isogloss between North and South runs from the River Severn to the Wash – this definition covers not just the entire North of England (which Wells divides into "Far North" and "Middle North") but also most of the Midlands, including the distinctive Brummie (Birmingham) and Black Country dialects.
In historical linguistics, the dividing line between North and Midlands runs from the River Ribble or River Lune on the west coast to the River Humber on the east coast. The dialects of this region are descended from the Northumbrian dialect of Old English rather than Mercian or other Anglo-Saxon dialects. In a very early study of English dialects, Alexander J Ellis defined the border between the north and the midlands as that where the word house is pronounced with u: to the north (as also in Scots). Although well-suited to historical analysis, this line does not reflect contemporary language; this line divides Lancashire and Yorkshire in half and few would today consider Manchester or Leeds, both located south of the line, as part of the Midlands.
An alternative approach is to define the linguistic North as equivalent to the cultural area of Northern England – approximately the seven historic counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, County Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire, or the three modern statistical regions of North East England, North West England and Yorkshire and the Humber. This approach is taken by the Survey of English Dialects (SED), which uses the historic counties (minus Cheshire) as the basis of study. The SED also groups Manx English with Northern dialects, although this is a distinct variety of English and the Isle of Man is not part of England. Under Wells' scheme, this definition includes Far North and Middle North dialects, but excludes the Midlands dialects.
Scottish English is always considered distinct from Northern England English, although the two have interacted and influenced each other.
Many northern dialects reflect the influence of the Old Norse language strongly, compared with other varieties of English spoken in England.
In addition to previous contact with Vikings, during the 9th and 10th centuries most of northern and eastern England was part of either the Danelaw, or the Danish-controlled Kingdom of Northumbria (with the exception of much of present-day Cumbria, which was part of the Kingdom of Strathclyde). Consequently, East Yorkshire dialects, in particular, are considered to have been influenced heavily by Old East Norse (the ancestor language of modern Danish).
However, Northumbrian Anglo-Saxon and Old West Norse (from which modern Norwegian is descended) have arguably had a greater impact, over a longer period, on most northern dialects than Old East Norse. While authoritative quantification is not available, some estimates have suggested as many as 7% of West Cumbrian dialect words are Norse in origin or derived from it.
During the mid and late 19th century, there was large-scale migration from Ireland, which affected the speech of parts of Northern England. This is most apparent in the dialects along the west coast, such as Liverpool, Birkenhead, Barrow-in-Furness and Whitehaven. The east-coast town of Middlesbrough also has a significant Irish influence on its dialect, as it grew during the period of mass migration. There was also some influence on speech in Manchester, but relatively little on Yorkshire beyond Middlesbrough.
Mancunian (spoken in Manchester, Salford, various other areas of Greater Manchester, parts of Lancashire and eastern Cheshire).
In some areas, it can be noticed that dialects and phrases can vary greatly within regions too. For example, the Lancashire dialect has many sub-dialects and varies noticeably from West to East and even from town to town. Within as little as 5 miles there can be an identifiable change in accent. The Yorkshire Dialect Society has always separated West Riding dialect from that in the North and East ridings.
Red areas are where English dialects of the late 20th century were rhotic; in the North, only some of Lancashire is included.
Pronunciation of [ŋg] in the word tongue throughout England; the major Northern counties with this trait are located where the North West and West Midlands meet.
The accents of Northern England generally do not have the trap–bath split observed in Southern England English, so there is no /ɑː/ in words like bath, ask, etc. Cast is pronounced [kʰast], rather than the [kʰɑːst] pronunciation of most southern accents, and so shares the same vowel as cat [kʰat]. There are a few words in the BATH set like can't, half, calf, master which are pronounced with /ɑː/ in many Northern English accents as opposed to /æ/ in Northern American accents.
The /æ/ vowel of cat, trap is normally pronounced [a] rather than the [æ] found in traditional Received Pronunciation or General American while /ɑː/, as in the words palm, cart, start, tomato may not be differentiated from /æ/ by quality, but by length, being pronounced as a longer [aː].
The foot–strut split is absent in Northern English, so that, for example, cut and put rhyme and are both pronounced with /ʊ/; words like love, up, tough, judge, etc. also use this vowel sound. This has led to Northern England being described "Oop North" /ʊp nɔːθ/ by some in the south of England. Some words with /ʊ/ in RP even have /uː/ – book is pronounced /buːk/ in some Northern accents (particularly in Lancashire and Greater Manchester), while conservative accents also pronounce look as /luːk/.
The Received Pronunciation phonemes /eɪ/ (as in face) and /əʊ/ (as in goat) are often pronounced as monophthongs (such as [eː] and [oː]), or as older diphthongs (such as /ɪə/ and /ʊə/). However, the quality of these vowels varies considerably across the region, and this is considered a greater indicator of a speaker's social class than the less stigmatised aspects listed above.
Certain West Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Greater Manchester areas north of the city of Manchester may residually be rhotic or pre-consonantally rhotic (pronouncing R before a consonant but not in word-final position), for example, in Accrington and Rochdale.
Coastal Yorkshire and Lincolnshire may weakly retain word-final (but not pre-consonantal) rhoticity.
Uvular rhoticity, in which the same R sound as in French is used, has been described as the traditional "burr" of rural, northern Northumberland—possible as well, though also rare, in County Durham.
The vowel in dress, test, pet, etc. is slightly more open, transcribed by Wells as /ɛ/ rather than /e/.
In most areas, the letter y on the end of words as in happy or city is pronounced [ɪ], like the i in bit, and not [i]. This was considered RP until the 1990s. The tenser [i] is found in the far north, and in the Merseyside and Teesside areas.
The North does not have a clear distinction between the "clear L" and "dark L" of most other accents in England; in other words, most Northern accents pronounce all L sounds with some moderate amount of velarization. Exceptions to this are in Tyneside and Northumberland, which universally use only the clear L, and in Lancashire and Manchester, which universally use only the dark L.
Some northern English speakers have noticeable rises in their intonation, even to the extent that, to other speakers of English, they may sound "perpetually surprised or sarcastic."
/l/ is often somewhat "dark" (meaning velarised) [ɫ] listen throughout northern England, but it is particularly dark in Manchester and Lancashire.
The grammatical patterns of Northern England English are similar to those of British English in general. However, there are several unique characteristics that mark out Northern syntax from neighbouring dialects.
Under the Northern subject rule (NSR), the suffix "-s" (which in Standard English grammar only appears in the third person singular present) is attached to verbs in many present and past-tense forms (leading to, for example, "the birds sings"). More generally, third-person singular forms of irregular verbs such as to be may be used with plurals and other grammatical persons; for instance "the lambs is out". In modern dialects, the most obvious manifestation is a levelling of the past tense verb forms was and were. Either form may dominate depending on the region and individual speech patterns (so some Northern speakers may say "I was" and "You was" while others prefer "I were" and "You were") and in many dialects especially in the far North, weren't is treated as the negation of was.
The "epistemic mustn't", where mustn't is used to mark deductions such as "This mustn't be true", is largely restricted within the British Isles to Northern England, although it is more widely accepted in American English, and is likely inherited from Scottish English. A few other Scottish traits are also found in far Northern dialects, such as double modal verbs (might could instead of might be able to), but these are restricted in their distribution and are mostly dying out.
While standard English now only has a single second-person pronoun, you, many Northern dialects have additional pronouns either retained from earlier forms or introduced from other variants of English. The pronouns thou and thee have survived in many rural Northern accents. In some case, these allow the distinction between formality and familiarity to be maintained, while in others thou is a generic second-person singular, and you (or ye) is restricted to the plural. Even when thou has died out, second-person plural pronouns are common. In the more rural dialects and those of the far North, this is typically ye, while in cities and areas of the North West with historical Irish communities, this is more likely to be yous.
Conversely, the process of "pronoun exchange" means that many first-person pronouns can be replaced by the first-person objective plural us (or more rarely we or wor) in standard constructions. These include me (so "give me" becomes "give us"), we (so "we Geordies" becomes "us Geordies") and our (so "our cars" becomes "us cars"). The latter especially is a distinctively Northern trait.
Almost all British vernaculars have regularised reflexive pronouns, but the resulting form of the pronouns varies from region to region. In Yorkshire and the North East, hisself and theirselves are preferred to himself and themselves. Other areas of the North have regularised the pronouns in the opposite direction, with meself used instead of myself. This appears to be a trait inherited from Irish English, and like Irish speakers, many Northern speakers use reflexive pronouns in non-reflexive situations for emphasis. Depending on the region, reflexive pronouns can be pronounced (and often written) as if they ended -sen, -sel or -self (even in plural pronouns) or ignoring the suffix entirely.
In addition to Standard English terms, the Northern English lexis includes many words derived from Norse languages, as well as words from Middle English that disappeared in other regions. Some of these are now shared with Scottish English and the Scots language, with terms such as bairn ("child"), bonny ("beautiful"), gang or gan ("go/gone/going") and kirk ("church") found on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border. Very few terms from Brythonic languages have survived, with the exception of place name elements (especially in Cumbrian toponymy) and the Yan Tan Tethera counting system, which largely fell out of use in the nineteenth century. The Yan Tan Tethera system was traditionally used in tasks such as shepherding, counting stitches in knitting and reckoning money, as well as in children's nursery rhymes and counting-out games, and may have been borrowed from a relatively modern form of the Welsh language rather than being a remnant of the Celtic of Northern England.
A study of a corpus of Late Modern English texts from or set in Northern England found lad ("boy" or "young man") and lass ("girl" or "young woman") were the most widespread "pan-Northern" dialect terms. Other terms in the top ten included a set of three indefinite pronouns owt ("anything"), nowt ("naught" or "nothing") and summat ("something"), the Scottish bairn, bonny and gang, and the phonetic spellings sel/sen ("self") and mun ("must"). Regional dialects within Northern England also had many unique terms, and canny ("clever") and nobbut ("nothing but") were both common in the corpus, despite being limited to the North East and to the North West and Yorkshire respectively.
^ Hickey (2015), p. 8–14.
^ a b c Wells (1982), pp. 349–351.
^ Hickey (2015), pp. 1–8.
^ Wales (2006), pp. 13–14.
^ Hickey (2015), p. 2.
^ Wells (1982), section 4.4.
^ a b c d Wells (1982), p. 368.
^ Beal (2004:130). Note that the source incorrectly transcribes the dark L with the symbol ⟨ɬ⟩, i.e. as if it were the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.
^ Cruttenden, Alan (March 1981). "Falls and Rises: Meanings and Universals". Journal of Linguistics Vol. 17, No. 1: Cambridge University Press. p. 83. "[T]he rises of Belfast and some northern English cities may sound perpetually surprised or sarcastic to southern Englishmen (the precise attitude imputed will depend on other factors like pitch height and the exact type of rise)".
^ Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003). The Phonetics of English and Dutch (PDF) (Fifth Revised ed.). ISBN 9004103406.
^ "English Accents & Dialects". google.com.
^ Pietsch (2005), pp. 76–80.
^ Beal (2010), pp. 26, 38.
^ a b Hickey (2015), pp. 85–86.
^ Hickey (2015), pp. 84–85.
^ Trudgill (2002), p. 52.
^ "The Celtic Linguistic Influence". Yorkshire Dialect Society. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
^ Hickey (2015), pp. 144-146.
Beal, Joan (2004). "English dialects in the North of England: phonology". In Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive. A handbook of varieties of English. 1: Phonology. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 113–133. ISBN 3-11-017532-0.
Lodge, Ken (2009). A Critical Introduction to Phonetics. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2.
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What do our investors think of this statement?
We have to reinvest the profits of the hardware otherwise if were just selling more shares to purchase new hardware when the old hardware brakes or becomes obsolete then we would be diluting the shares value and lowering the MH/s a share rate. We are not a bond but a stock most of the shares value comes from ownership of the hardware so saving up to 90% of profits if needed to purchase more hardware assets is the only way for the company to progress. So if the boards turn out to be very profitable we may only need to be saving 50% of profits to purchase new ASIC's or maybe even less. If the two (possibly three) boards turn out to be making less than £100 a month of coin then up to 90% of profits would be needed to be saved to purchase new hardware assets. To keep us operating long into the future after our current ASIC's become obsolete or brake.
Set a target of purchasing an additional SC every three or four months, with the surplus Bitcoin after purchase, shipping and import duty being distributed as a dividend.
Yes I agree with this idea although I think a motion on whether to save 50% up to 90% of profits for more ASIC's may have to be decided by motion.
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McAlmont is an unincorporated community in Pulaski County, just to the east of North Little Rock (Pulaski County). Its southern boundary is Interstate 40, and the community is divided by tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad.
After Little Rock had become established as the capital of Arkansas, farmers began to cultivate land north of the Arkansas River from the capital city, establishing plantations to grow cotton and subsistence crops. Among the early landowners in the region that would be McAlmont were Charles Robinson, who first acquired a land patent in 1837 and added more land in 1842; David Spence (1838); Ephraim Beasley (1838); Edward Cook (1839); Lucy Beasley (1839); Kindred Delk (1842); and Littleberry M. Robinson (1842). The Southwest Trail ran through the area, linking the settlements to Missouri and Texas as well as to such Arkansas communities as Searcy (White County), Little Rock (Pulaski County), and Benton (Saline County). A school was established in 1836 for the children of the settlers; it was known as the Morning Glory School.
John Josephus McAlmont came to Arkansas in 1850. After living in Benton for two years, he relocated to Little Rock, where he worked as a doctor and also opened a pharmacy. McAlmont bought a house north of the Arkansas River along the Southwest Trail. When the Civil War broke out, McAlmont moved his family from its home at Third and Louisiana streets in Little Rock to his house across the river, about six miles away. During the war, the McAlmont family treated sick and wounded Confederate soldiers traveling the road past its house.
McAlmont was a major in the Confederate army, having participated in the groups that took possession of the Little Rock Arsenal and of Fort Smith. After the war, he was elected mayor of Little Rock, serving in that position in 1866 and 1867. He was also one of the founders of what would become the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) in Little Rock.
After the war, many of the slaves who had worked on the plantations remained, some claiming land for themselves and their families and others living as tenant farmers, sometimes working for their former owners. Many of the African Americans in the region that was soon to be known as McAlmont worked as day laborers in the cotton fields. Some also grew vegetables on their own land and also raised cows, hogs, and chickens. Pulaski County High School opened for black students in 1886. It was served by one teacher, W. Foster, under two directors, R. E. Holt and W. M. Vaughns.
Following the path of the Southwest Trail, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway had been built through the area by 1874. It named its depot McAlmont, and the name has continued to be used into the twenty-first century. A post office was established in McAlmont in 1876; it closed in 1916. The high school was moved to the southern part of McAlmont (a neighborhood called Bookers’ Terrace, or simply Booker) in 1911 and was renamed Holt Training School. The next year, the school was destroyed by fire, but Principal P. J. Vanpelt saw that it was replaced with a two-story wood structure. It then became known as the Pulaski County Training School. The institution was renamed again in 1963, becoming Harris High School to honor Viola Harris, a school administrator.
Interstate 40 was built across Arkansas in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Passing just to the south of McAlmont, it brought more traffic through the area, including some vehicles that stopped at the crossing with Highway 161. A service station and several stores were built at the interchange. With the desegregation of Arkansas schools, Harris High School was closed in 1970. The building reopened as Harris Elementary School, which is part of the Pulaski County Special School District in the twenty-first century.
In the 2010 census, McAlmont had a population of 1,873, which included 1,472 African Americans, 330 whites, and sixty-five Hispanics. Several businesses are located in McAlmont on Highway 161, which runs parallel to the railroad tracks (now operated by Union Pacific).
Jeff Henderson, an athlete who was raised in McAlmont, won a gold medal in the 2016 Olympic Games.
Henker, Fred O. “John J. McAlmont: Physician, Druggist, Benefactor.” Pulaski County Historical Quarterly 46 (Winter 1998): 83–86.
Ramey, Simuel, and Karoma Smith. “Onward My Sisters and Brothers! Onward! The History of McAlmont, Arkansas.” People’s Tribune. http://www.peoplestribune.org/PT.2011.02/PT.2011.02.10.shtml (accessed July 27, 2018).
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Find Monroe County Pennsylvania historical societies. Historical societies provide information on the history and culture of a specific area, through the use of museum and library art exhibits and programs.
The National Register of Historic Places is a federal program that creates an official list of historically significant places worthy of preservation. The National Park Service manages the program.
Can a historical society tell me how much a historic item is worth?
In most cases, a Historical Society cannot provide monetary appraisals, but they can provide insight into why an item has historic value. They may also provide the names of reputable appraisers in the area.
What kinds of documents do I need to research my ancestors' history?
The local Historical Society or library may have a variety of documents and records that can help you to research your ancestors. Ship registries, immigrations files, birth and death certificates, church registries, and civil and military records can all be extremely helpful in this kind of research.
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Why should you take these state-level Information Security laws seriously? The reason is simple: A single negligent breach can close your business forever, because liability insurance will not cover professional negligence. Without the ability to prove steps were taken to ensure due care and due diligence were applied to your business operations, you may be considered negligent in a lawsuit. Additionally, Information Security policies are a tool that you can use to enforce proper conduct by your employees.
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Home Vote Buy Items! Forums Radio Earn Items · Jagex. Is the game working? Yes it is working. No, I just see an empty grey box. Page 1 of 1: YanilleScape (24/7) - Official in Server Advertisements. (Please note: As of right now, we only have a downloadable zip client. Yanillescape download client. Click here to get file. Yanille marrero no me interesa. File map clue location yanille anvil. How to deal with yanille door scammers.
[center][IMG]foundationofhealthchiropracticcenter.com[/img] (Please note: As of right now, we only have a downloadable zip client. Just run. 22 Mar Thread: Yanille. Page 1 of [03/20/] - Name & Home changed to Yanille. .. "There's no such thing as a PI client " - Albert Einstein. GitHub is where people build software. More than 27 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 80 million projects. 4 Jan RuneLite updates to - client redesign, screen markers and The only pro Yanille has over Rimmington is for armor repairing, since it's. Bring back the original third party client TL;DR: Rimmington better than Yanille ' cause there's an NPC who un-notes bones right outside.
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How can Yoga free the mind? Yoga and meditation are two helpful practices that complement each other; and, when practiced together, deepen the practitioner’s experience. If you have been practicing Yoga without meditation, consider adding to your practice, by learning meditation techniques. Yoga as a physical exercise emphasizes the interconnectedness of the practitioner and the universe; meditation allows one to actually experience the connection.
Often, people envision a monk in a cave, when they think about meditation. While isolation and quiet are useful in starting to meditate, there is no need to become a spelunker. You need to strike a balance between being comfortable and being alert. You also need a space that will not distract you. Try any comfortable room in your house. Start with a session of five minutes and work up to ten minutes or longer. For those unused to stillness, meditation is hard work.
To begin concentration meditation, watch the breath go in and out at one point in the body, and count to ten breaths. Many thoughts will come into your mind and disturb you, but if you can get to ten, you are doing well. If a thought is noticed, but you have not lost count, note briefly in your mind what the thought is. Label it, using a term like “planning,” “memory,” or “fantasy.” Labeling will remove the thought’s power to distract – so practice it often.
Counting keeps you in the current moment, by providing instant feedback of each moment. In turn, you track thoughts which are not mindful, which occurs when you forget the number you are counting. It also keeps the practitioner focused on one “function” – the breath. Once you have mastered counting to ten, work backwards back down to one. This concentration practice, done several times a day, will help you learn to free the mind for further work.
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0.959077 |
WHY is it that SQLT has to count rows?
SQLT has to count rows so it can report side by side DBA_TABLES.NUM_ROWS and COUNT(*) from each Table. This is an easy way to see if your statistics are way off, and this mechanism exists on SQLT well before DBA_TAB_MODIFICATIONS came to existence. Actually, SQLT uses both methods to health-check how stale are your Table statistics.
The conundrum here is: “I use SQLT because I want to diagnose a performance issue on a QUERY on top of large Tables, but I do not want SQLT to take a long time just to produce a COUNT(*) of my Tables…”.
So, if you specify a 10% sample size then you have to multiply the COUNT(*) by 10. If you sample 1% you multiply the COUNT(*) by 100. In large Tables if you sample, lets say 0.1%, your multiplier becomes 1,000, which is the same than 1e3 (10**3 or 10^3 depending where you went to school). Sample size can be as small as 0.000,001 and as large as 100 (but without including 100 itself). It represents probabilities more than an actual sample size.
The optional BLOCK clause simple says: use sample blocks instead of rows. And the optional SEED clause tries to provide some consistency in the result of the count when you use the same value for two executions of the exact same count. This SEED clause takes a value between 0 and 4,294,967,295.
SQLT has over 40 tool parameters. One of them is count_star_threshold with a seeded value of 10,000.
SQLT includes a small algorithm (below) that determines the size of the SAMPLE according to the estimated size of the Table itself, by looking at its statistics as per DBA_TABLES.NUM_ROWS. No statistics? then skip the sample and do a normal full scan. If the Table is expected to be smaller then the count_star_threshold, then do a full scan. So is up to 10x this threshold. After that, use a sample size proportionally inverse to the Table size. The bigger the Table the smaller the Sample.
SQLT also forces a full Table scan and invokes Parallel Execution (PX) as a method to expedite the count. This count can be really fast on Exadata systems as you can imagine.
Counting rows is like counting beans, you can count one at a time, or you can take some shortcuts. If you are willing to sacrifice some precision for the sake of gaining performance, consider then using the SAMPLE clause of the SELECT statement.
I recently delivered 3 sessions at the East Coast Oracle Users Group (ECO). During these sessions I offered to share the actual Presentations and some of the Scripts I used during the 3rd session. I plan to keep updating and expanding both scripts and presentations. They also show now on the right side of this page. Feel free to use, share and recycle any of my scripts and presentations.
Q: How do I do an Oracle database health-check?
A: It all depends. (hint: we can use this answer for most Oracle related questions in general and Performance related in particular, but don’t try it at home).
This seems like a quite broad question and yes it is. And of course there are many ways to proceed with a database health-check. So at this post I ‘d rather talk about: what I think is a healthy way to approach an Oracle database health-check.
Start with the basics: Listen to the users of this database. If nobody complains then most probably you would have to define the scope by yourself. In any case, go on.
Gather environment information. This includes the understanding of the architecture used, the databases on such architecture and the applications on those databases. Also learn who is who: Users, DBAs and Developers.
Gather metrics. I am referring to OS metrics (CPU, IO and Memory), and also database metrics (AWR) together with alert logs. When gathering these metrics focus on time periods where the pain has been reported, and slice the time as small as possible (i.e. AWR reports for each time slice captured, avoiding the 6-24 hours time frame common mistake).
Let the combination of complains (concerns) and findings on metrics to guide you to the next step. This is where most get lost. So don’t panic and dive in into what you see as contention on your metrics. Keep in mind that the most important metric of all is “user response time”, so anything affecting it must be in your priority list.
There are many more things to check, but they are more in the configuration and sound practices arena. For example: redundancy on control files, archive mode, backups, non-default parameters, PX setup, memory setup, etc. For these, creating a check list would help.
At some point you will have many leads and you will start to lose focus. Do some yoga or go for a walk, then make an A, B, C list with what is really important, what is kind-of and what is mere style.
You are not an expert on every aspect of the database (nobody is). So, do not pretend you can do everything yourself. Rely on your peers and/or contacts. Reach out for help in those areas where you feel insecure (feeling insecure is a good thing, much better than feeling secure without any solid foundation).
Once you think you have it nailed, go to your peers, colleagues, boss(es), friends, partner, or strangers if necessarily, and solicit a review of your findings and recommendations. Accept feedback. This is key. Maybe what you thought was sound it makes absolutely no sense to someone with more experience or simply with a different view.
Reconsider everything. Avoid the pitfall of assuming that what you have learn in your two-digits years of experience can be applied to every case. For example, if you have done mostly SQL Tuning, don’t expect every issue to be SQL Tuning. Health-checks are like fortune cookies, you never know what you will get.
Last but not least: Learn from your new experience, practice listening to others, use your common sense, exercise your knowledge, and work as a team member. Add the word “collaboration” to your daily work and maybe one day you will learn you are not alone.
In a few days I will be joining Enkitec. Sure I will miss Oracle after 17 good years there. I made some really good friends and I learned a lot. I had the opportunity to build tools I thought were needed by the Oracle community, and I am glad they are been deployed all over the world. I am also pleased to know all these tools will continue helping our SQL Tuning community with no disruption.
A question I am often asked is: WHY Enkitec? I could elaborate on an answer but to keep it short, I would simply say “because I like the idea of contributing to an expanding team of outstanding professionals in the Oracle space“. I also value the close relationship between Enkitec and Oracle. I see this as a win-win.
At Enkitec I will be doing a lot of stuff. My main focus at the beginning will be database performance in general and SQL Tuning in particular. I foresee the possibility to open some SQL Tuning hands-on workshops using SQLTXPLAIN, SQLHC and some other cool tools and techniques. I also expect some additional duties and new areas of expertise to develop, which I embrace as new challenges and opportunities.
Overall, I feel very excited and ready to start walking this new career path. What can I say… Just when I though life was good it simply got better!
You know how to reach me (here) or by email.
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0.998659 |
After respondent was indicted for armed robbery of a bank, and while he was in jail pending trial, Government agents contacted an informant who was then an inmate confined in the same cellblock as respondent. An agent instructed the informant to be alert to any statements made by federal prisoners but not to initiate conversations with or question respondent regarding the charges against him. After the informant had been released from jail, he reported to the agent that he and respondent had engaged in conversation and that respondent made incriminating statements about the robbery. The informant was paid for furnishing the information. At respondent's trial, which resulted in a conviction, the informant testified about the incriminating statements that respondent had made to him. Respondent moved to vacate his sentence on the ground that the introduction of the informant's testimony interfered with and violated his Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of counsel. The District Court denied the motion, but the Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the Government's actions impaired respondent's Sixth Amendment rights under Massiah v. United States, 377 U. S. 201.
Held: Respondent's statements to the informant should not have been admitted at trial. By intentionally creating a situation likely to induce respondent to make incriminating statements without the assistance of counsel, the Government violated respondent's Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Under the facts -- particularly the facts that the informant was acting under instructions as a paid informant for the Government while ostensibly no more than a fellow inmate, and that respondent was in custody and under indictment at the time -- incriminating statements were "deliberately elicited" from respondent within the meaning of Massiah. Since respondent was unaware that the informant was acting for the Government, he cannot be held to have waived his right to the assistance of counsel. Pp. 447 U. S. 269-275.
opinion, in which WHITE, J., joined, post, p. 447 U. S. 277. REHNQUIST, J., filed dissenting opinion, post, p. 447 U. S. 289.
We granted certiorari to consider whether respondent's Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of counsel was violated by the admission at trial of incriminating statements made by respondent to his cellmate, an undisclosed Government informant, after indictment and while in custody. 444 U.S. 824 (1979).
The Janaf Branch of the United Virginia Bank/Seaboard National in Norfolk, Va., was robbed in August, 1972. Witnesses saw two men wearing masks and carrying guns enter the bank while a third man waited in the car. No witnesses were able to identify respondent Henry as one of the participants. About an hour after the robbery, the getaway car was discovered. Inside was found a rent receipt signed by one "Allen R. Norris" and a lease, also signed by Norris, for a house in Norfolk. Two men, who were subsequently convicted of participating in the robbery, were arrested at the rented house. Discovered with them were the proceeds of the robbery and the guns and masks used by the gunmen.
armed robbery under 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113(a) and (d). He was held pending trial in the Norfolk city jail. Counsel was appointed on November 27.
Nichols informed the agent that he was housed in the same cellblock with several federal prisoners awaiting trial, including Henry. The agent told him to be alert to any statements made by the federal prisoners, but not to initiate any conversation with or question Henry regarding the bank robbery. In early December, after Nichols had been released from jail, the agent again contacted Nichols, who reported that he and Henry had engaged in conversation, and that Henry had told him about the robbery of the Janaf bank. [Footnote 2] Nichols was paid for furnishing the information.
Federal Bureau of Investigation testified concerning the events surrounding the discovery of the rental slip and the evidence uncovered at the rented house. Other witnesses also connected Henry to the rented house, including the rental agent, who positively identified Henry as the "Allen R. Norris" who had rented the house and had taken the rental receipt described earlier. A neighbor testified that, prior to the robbery, she saw Henry at the rented house with John Luck, one of the two men who had by the time of Henry's trial been convicted for the robbery. In addition, palm prints found on the lease agreement matched those of Henry.
Nichols testified at trial that he had "an opportunity to have some conversations with Mr. Henry while he was in the jail," and that Henry told him that, on several occasions, he had gone to the Janaf Branch to see which employees opened the vault. Nichols also testified that Henry described to him the details of the robbery and stated that the only evidence connecting him to the robbery was the rental receipt. The jury was not informed that Nichols was a paid Government informant.
On the basis of this testimony, [Footnote 3] Henry was convicted of bank robbery and sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 25 years. On appeal, he raised no Sixth Amendment claims. His conviction was affirmed, judgt. order reported at 483 F.2d 1401 (CA4 1973), and his petition to this Court for a writ of certiorari was denied. 421 U.S. 915 (1975).
he had just learned that Nichols was a paid Government informant and alleged that he had been intentionally placed in the same cell with Nichols so that Nichols could secure information about the robbery. Thus, Henry contended that the introduction of Nichols' testimony violated his Sixth Amendment right to the assistance of counsel. The District Court denied the motion without a hearing. The Court of Appeals, however, reversed and remanded for an evidentiary inquiry into "whether the witness [Nichols] was acting as a government agent during his interviews with Henry."
"I recall telling Nichols at this time to be alert to any statements made by these individuals [the federal prisoners] regarding the charges against them. I specifically recall telling Nichols that he was not to question Henry or these individuals about the charges against them, however, if they engaged him in conversation or talked in front of him, he was requested to pay attention to their statements. I recall telling Nichols not to initiate any conversations with Henry regarding the bank robbery charges against Henry, but that, if Henry initiated the conversations with Nichols, I requested Nichols to pay attention to the information furnished by Henry."
The agent's affidavit also stated that he never requested anyone affiliated with the Norfolk city jail to place Nichols in the same cell with Henry.
Sixth Amendment right to counsel. The Court of Appeals reversed and remanded, holding that the actions of the Government impaired the Sixth Amendment rights of the defendant under Massiah v. United States, 377 U. S. 201 (1964). The court noted that Nichols had engaged in conversation with Henry and concluded that, if by association, by general conversation, or both, Nichols had developed a relationship of trust and confidence with Henry such that Henry revealed incriminating information, this constituted interference with the right to the assistance of counsel under the Sixth Amendment. [Footnote 5] 590 F.2d 544 (1978).
"the basic protections of [the Sixth Amendment] when there was used against him at his trial evidence of his own incriminating words, which federal agents had deliberately elicited from him."
Id. at 377 U. S. 206. The Massiah holding rests squarely on interference with his right to counsel.
The question here is whether, under the facts of this case, a Government agent "deliberately elicited" incriminating statements from Henry within the meaning of Massiah. Three factors are important. First, Nichols was acting under instructions as a paid informant for the Government; second, Nichols was ostensibly no more than a fellow inmate of Henry; and third, Henry was in custody and under indictment at the time he was engaged in conversation by Nichols.
This combination of circumstances is sufficient to support the Court of Appeals' determination. Even if the agent's statement that he did not intend that Nichols would take affirmative steps to secure incriminating information is accepted, he must have known that such propinquity likely would lead to that result.
It is quite a different matter when the Government uses undercover agents to obtain incriminating statements from persons not in custody but suspected of criminal activity prior to the time charges are filed. In Hoffa v. United States, 385 U. S. 293, 385 U. S. 302 (1966), for example, this Court held that "no interest legitimately protected by the Fourth Amendment is involved" because "the Fourth Amendment [does not protect] a wrongdoer's misplaced belief that a person to whom he voluntarily confides his wrongdoing will not reveal it." See also United States v. White, 401 U. S. 745 (1971). Similarly, the Fifth Amendment has been held not to be implicated by the use of undercover Government agents before charges are filed, because of the absence of the potential for compulsion. See Hoffa v. United States, supra at 385 U. S. 303-304. But the Fourth and Fifth Amendment claims made in those cases are not relevant to the inquiry under the Sixth Amendment here -- whether the Government has interfered with the right to counsel of the accused by "deliberately eliciting" incriminating statements. Our holding today does not modify White or Hoffa.
Sixth Amendment where the accused is prompted by an undisclosed undercover informant than where the accused is speaking in the hearing of persons he knows to be Government officers. That line of argument, however, seeks to infuse Fifth Amendment concerns against compelled self-incrimination into the Sixth Amendment protection of the right to the assistance of counsel. An accused speaking to a known Government agent is typically aware that his statements may be used against him. The adversary positions at that stage are well established; the parties are then "arm's length" adversaries.
When the accused is in the company of a fellow inmate who is acting by prearrangement as a Government agent, the same cannot be said. Conversation stimulated in such circumstances may elicit information that an accused would not intentionally reveal to persons known to be Government agents. Indeed, the Massiah Court noted that, if the Sixth Amendment "is to have any efficacy, it must apply to indirect and surreptitious interrogations, as well as those conducted in the jailhouse." The Court pointedly observed that Massiah was more seriously imposed upon because he did not know that his codefendant was a Government agent. 377 U.S. at 377 U. S. 206.
Moreover, the concept of a knowing and voluntary waiver of Sixth Amendment rights does not apply in the context of communications with an undisclosed undercover informant acting for the Government. See Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U. S. 458 (1938). In that setting, Henry, being unaware that Nichols was a Government agent expressly commissioned to secure evidence, cannot be held to have waived his right to the assistance of counsel.
The record does disclose that, on November 21, 1972, the same day the agent contacted Nichols, the agent's supervisor interrogated Henry at the jail. After denying participation in the robbery, Henry exercised his right to terminate the interview.
Henry also asked Nichols if he would help him once Nichols was released. Henry requested Nichols to go to Virginia Beach and contact a woman there. He prepared instructions on how to find the woman and wanted Nichols to tell her to visit Henry in the Norfolk jail. He explained that he wanted to ask the woman to carry a message to his partner, who was incarcerated in the Portsmouth city jail. Henry also gave Nichols a telephone number and asked him to contact an individual named "Junior" or "Nail." In addition, Henry asked Nichols to provide him with a floor plan of the United States Marshals' office and a handcuff key because Henry intended to attempt an escape.
Joseph Sadler, another of Henry's cellmates, also testified at trial. He stated that Henry had told him that Henry had robbed a bank with a man named "Lucky" or "Luck." Sadler testified that, on advice of counsel, he informed Government agents of the conversation with Henry. Sadler was not a paid informant, and had no arrangement to monitor or report on conversations with Henry.
In his § 2255 petition, Henry also alleged that Sadler's testimony was perjurious; that the Government failed to disclose Brady material, see Brady v. Maryland, 373 U. S. 83 (1963); that the United States Attorney's argument to the jury was impermissibly prejudicial; and that his trial counsel was incompetent. The District Court rejected each of these grounds, and none of these issues is before this Court.
The Court of Appeals acknowledged that the testimony of Sadler, another cellmate of Henry, supported the conviction, but was not willing to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Nichols' testimony did not influence the jury. Chapman v. California, 386 U. S. 18, 386 U. S. 24 (1967).
Although both the Government, and MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST in dissent, question the continuing vitality of the Massiah branch of the Sixth Amendment, we reject their invitation to reconsider it.
The affidavit of the agent discloses that "Nichols had been paid by the FBI for expenses and services in connection with information he had provided" as an informant for at least a year. The only reasonable inference from this statement is that Nichols was paid when he produced information, not that Nichols was continuously on the payroll of the FBI. Here, the service requested of Nichols was that he obtain incriminating information from Henry; there is no indication that Nichols would have been paid if he had not performed the requested service.
Two aspects of the agent's affidavit are particularly significant. First, it is clear that the agent, in his discussions with Nichols, singled out Henry as the inmate in whom the agent had a special interest. Thus, the affidavit relates that "I specifically recall telling Nichols that he was not to question Henry or these individuals," and "I recall telling Nichols not to initiate any conversations with Henry regarding the bank robbery charges," but to "pay attention to the information furnished by Henry." (Emphasis added.) Second, the agent only instructed Nichols not to question Henry or to initiate conversations regarding the bank robbery charges. Under these instructions, Nichols remained free to discharge his task of eliciting the statements in myriad less direct ways.
The situation where the "listening post" is an inanimate electronic device differs; such a device has no capability of leading the conversation into any particular subject or prompting any particular replies. See, e.g., United States v. Hearst, 563 F.2d 1331, 1347-1348 (CA9 1977), cert. denied, 435 U. S. 1000 (1978). However, that situation is not presented in this case, and there is no occasion to treat it; nor are we called upon to pass on the situation where an informant is placed in close proximity but makes no effort to stimulate conversations about the crime charged.
No doubt the role of the agent at the time of the conversations between Massiah and his codefendant was more active than that of the federal agents here. Yet the additional fact in Massiah that the agent was monitoring the conversations is hardly determinative. In both Massiah and this case, the informant was charged with the task of obtaining information from an accused. Whether Massiah's codefendant questioned Massiah about the crime or merely engaged in general conversation about it was a matter of no concern to the Massiah Court. Moreover, we deem it irrelevant that, in Massiah, the agent had to arrange the meeting between Massiah and his codefendant, while here the agents were fortunate enough to have an undercover informant already in close proximity to the accused.
This is not to read a "custody" requirement, which is a prerequisite to the attachment of Miranda rights, into this branch of the Sixth Amendment. Massiah was in no sense in custody at the time of his conversation with his codefendant. Rather, we believe the fact of custody bears on whether the Government "deliberately elicited" the incriminating statements from Henry.
This is admittedly not a case, such as Massiah, where the informant and the accused had a prior longstanding relationship. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence in the record which discloses that Nichols had managed to become more than a casual jailhouse acquaintance. That Henry could be induced to discuss his past crime is hardly surprising in view of the fact that Nichols had so ingratiated himself that Henry actively solicited his aid in executing his next crime -- his planned attempt to escape from the jail.
The holding of the Court of Appeals that this was not harmless error is on less firm grounds in view of the strong evidence against Henry, including the testimony of a neutral fellow inmate, Henry's rental of the hideaway house, and his presence there with the other participants in the robbery before the crime. The Government, however, has not argued that the error was harmless, and, on balance, we are not inclined to disturb the determination of the Court of Appeals.
"(A) During the course of his representation of a client a lawyer shall not:"
"(1) Communicate or cause another to communicate on the subject of the representation with a party he knows to be represented by a lawyer in that matter unless he has the prior consent of the lawyer representing such other party or is authorized by law to do so."
See also Ethical Consideration 7-18.
The question in this case is whether the Government deliberately elicited information from respondent in violation of the rule of Massiah v. United States, 377 U. S. 201 (1964), and Brewer v. Williams, 430 U. S. 387 (1977). I join the opinion of the Court, but write separately to state my understanding of the Court's holding.
377 U. S. 206. Government agents outfitted an informant's automobile with radio transmitting equipment and instructed the informant to engage the defendant in conversation relating to the crimes. United States v. Massiah, 307 F.2d 62, 72 (CA2 1962) (Hays, J., dissenting). In suppressing statements overheard during the resulting conversation, the Court emphasized that the Sixth Amendment must "apply to indirect and surreptitious interrogations as well as those conducted in the jailhouse. . . .'" 377 U.S. at 377 U. S. 206, quoting 307 F.2d at 72 (Hays, J., dissenting). Similarly, in Brewer v. Williams, supra, we applied Massiah to a situation in which a police detective purposefully isolated a suspect from his lawyers and, during a long ride in a police car, elicited incriminating remarks from the defendant through skillful interrogation. We suppressed the statement because the government "deliberately and designedly set out to elicit" information from a suspect. 430 U.S. at 430 U. S. 399; see id. at 430 U. S. 407 (MARSHALL, J., concurring); id. at 430 U. S. 412 (POWELL, J., concurring).
The rule of Massiah serves the salutary purpose of preventing police interference with the relationship between a suspect and his counsel once formal proceedings have been initiated. But Massiah does not prohibit the introduction of spontaneous statements that are not elicited by governmental action. Thus, the Sixth Amendment is not violated when a passive listening device collects, but does not induce, incriminating comments. See United States v. Hearst, 563 F.2d 1331, 1347-1348 (CA9 1977), cert. denied, 435 U. S. 1000 (1978). Similarly, the mere presence of a jailhouse informant who had been instructed to overhear conversations and to engage a criminal defendant in some conversations would not necessarily be unconstitutional. In such a case, the question would be whether the informant's actions constituted deliberate and "surreptitious interrogatio[n]" of the defendant. If they did not, then there would be no interference with the relationship between client and counsel.
I view this as a close and difficult case on its facts because no evidentiary hearing has been held on theMassiah claim. Normally, such a hearing is helpful to a reviewing court and should be conducted. On balance, however, I accept the view of the Court of Appeals and of the Court that the record adequately demonstrates the existence of a Massiah violation. I could not join the Court's opinion if it held that the mere presence or incidental conversation of an informant in a jail cell would violate Massiah. * To demonstrate an infringement of the Sixth Amendment, a defendant must show that the government engaged in conduct that, considering all of the circumstances, is the functional equivalent of interrogation. See Brewer v. Williams, 430 U.S. at 430 U. S. 399; id. at 430 U. S. 411, 430 U. S. 412 (POWELL, J., concurring). See also Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U. S. 291 (1980).
Because I understand that the decision today rests on a conclusion that this informant deliberately elicited incriminating information by such conduct, I join the opinion of the Court.
* By reserving the question whether the mere presence of an informant in a jail cell violates Massiah, the Court demonstrates that its holding is not premised upon such a theory. Ante at 447 U. S. 269, n. 6.
MR JUSTICE BLACKMUN, with whom MR. JUSTICE WHITE joins, dissenting.
In this case, the Court, I fear, cuts loose from the moorings of Massiah v. United States, 377 U. S. 201 (1964), [Footnote 2/1] and overlooks or misapplies significant facts to reach a result that is not required by the Sixth Amendment, by established precedent, or by sound policy.
judges then on that court dissented from the denial of rehearing en banc. And MR. JUSTICE POWELL, in his separate concurring opinion, obviously is less than comfortable, finds the case "close and difficult," ante at 447 U. S. 277, and writes to assure that his concurring vote preserves his contrary posture when the Court will be confronted with only "the mere presence or incidental conversation of an informant in a jail cell." Ibid. This division of opinion about this case attests to the importance of correct factual analysis here.
Because I view the principles of Massiah and the facts of this case differently than the Court does, I dissent.
Massiah mandates exclusion only if a federal agent "deliberately elicited" statements from the accused in the absence of counsel. 377 U.S. at 377 U. S. 206. The word "deliberately" denotes intent. Massiah ties this intent to the act of elicitation, that is, to conduct that draws forth a response. Thus Massiah, by its own terms, covers only action undertaken with the specific intent to evoke an inculpatory disclosure.
case of "intentionally creating a situation likely to induce Henry to make incriminating statements." Ante at 447 U. S. 274. (Emphasis added.) This determination, coupled with the statement that Nichols "prompted" respondent Henry's remarks, ante at 447 U. S. 273, and see ante at 447 U. S. 271 n. 9, leads the Court to find a Massiah violation.
Thus, while claiming to retain the "deliberately elicited" test, the Court really forges a new test that saps the word "deliberately" of all significance. The Court's extension of Massiah would cover even a "negligent" triggering of events resulting in reception of disclosures. This approach, in my view, is unsupported and unwise.
A. Authority. The Court's precedents appear to me to be contrary to this new objective approach. Spano v. New York, 360 U. S. 315 (1959), whose concurring opinions presaged Massiah, see 377 U.S. at 377 U. S. 204, concerned an "all-night inquisition" during which the defendant "repeatedly asked to be allowed to send for his lawyer." 360 U.S. at 360 U. S. 327 (concurring opinion). Obviously, that case involved deliberate efforts to extract information in the absence of counsel. In Massiah itself, the agent engineered a pretrial meeting between the accused and a turncoat codefendant. The agent instructed the latter to talk to the defendant about the crime, see United States v. Massiah, 307 F.2d 62, 66 (CA2 1962); id. at 72 (dissenting opinion), and he bugged the meeting place so he could listen in. [Footnote 2/2] United States v. Ash, 413 U. S. 300 (1973), by emphasizing that Massiah involved a "ruse" and that Massiah's purpose was to neutralize "the overreaching of the prosecution," id. at 413 U. S. 312, reinforced the view that deliberate elicitation entails purposeful police action.
"[t]here can be no serious doubt . . . that Detective Leaming deliberately and designedly set out to elicit information from Williams,' and because, in giving his 'Christian burial speech,' Leaming 'purposely sought . . . to obtain as much incriminating information as possible."
The unifying theme of Massiah cases, then, is the presence of deliberate, designed, and purposeful tactics, that is, the agent's use of an investigatory tool with the specific intent of extracting information in the absence of counsel. Thus, the Court's "likely to induce" test fundamentally restructures Massiah. Even if the agent engages in no "overreaching," and believes his actions to be wholly innocent and passive, evidence he comes by must be excluded if a court, with the convenient benefit of 20/20 hindsight, finds it likely that the agent's actions would induce the statements.
a situation "likely to induce" the production of incriminatory remarks, and that the informant in fact "prompted" the defendant. Even accepting the most capacious reading of both this language and the facts, I believe that neither prong of the Court's test is satisfied.
if he breached his promise; yet the Court asks us to infer that Coughlin's conversation with Nichols "likely would lead" Nichols to engage in the very conduct which Coughlin told him to avoid. Ante at 447 U. S. 271.
The Court also emphasizes that Henry was "unaware that Nichols was a Government agent." Ante at 447 U. S. 273. One might properly assign this factor some importance, were it not for Brewer v. Williams. In that case, the Court explicitly held that the fact "[t]hat the incriminating statements were elicited surreptitiously in the Massiah case, and otherwise here, is constitutionally irrelevant." 430 U.S. at 430 U. S. 400. (Emphasis added.) The Court's teeter-tottering with this factor in Massiah analysis can only induce confusion.
It merits emphasis that the Court's resurrection of the unawareness factor is indispensable to its holding. For, in Brewer, substantial contact and conversation with a confined defendant preceded delivery of the "Christian burial speech." Yet the Court clearly deemed the speech critical in finding a Massiah violation; it thus made clear that mere "association" and "general conversation" did not suffice to bring Massiah into play. Since nothing more transpired here, principled application of Brewer mandates reversal of the judgment in this case.
Finally, the Court notes that Henry was incarcerated when he made his statements to Nichols. The Court's emphasis of the "subtle influences" exerted by custody, however, is itself too subtle for me. This is not a case of a custodial encounter with police, in which the Government's display of power might overcome the free will of the accused. The relationship here was "social" and relaxed. Henry did not suspect that Nichols was connected with the FBI. Moreover, even assuming that "subtle influences" might encourage a detainee to talk about his crime, there are certainly counterbalances of at least equal weight. Since, in jail, "official surveillance has traditionally been the order of the day,"
Lanza v. New York, 370 U. S. 139, 370 U. S. 143 (1962), and a jailmate has obvious incentives to assist authorities, one may expect a detainee to act with corresponding circumspection. Cf. Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. at 446 U. S. 300, n. 4 ("Custody in . . . a [Massiah] case is not controlling; indeed, the petitioner in Massiah was not in custody").
which officers singled out a specific target. On these facts, I cannot agree that Coughlin "must have known that [it was] likely" that Nichols would seek to elicit information from Henry.
"[t]here is nothing in the record to suggest that . . . the [defendant] was peculiarly susceptible to approaches by cellmates or that [he] . . . was unusually disoriented or upset."
Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. at 446 U. S. 302-303. On these facts, it seems to me extremely unlikely that Coughlin's actions would lead to Henry's statements.
Even though the test forged by the Court has no precedent, we are not without some assistance in judging its application. Just a few weeks ago, in Rhode Island v. Innis, the Court held that Miranda was implicated only by "words or actions on the part of police officers that they should have known were reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response."
446 U.S. at 446 U. S. 302 (emphasis deleted and added). Here, the Court asks whether agents "creat[ed] a situation likely to induce Henry to make incriminating statements." Ante at 447 U. S. 274. Although the Court in Innis emphasized that the Massiah and Miranda rules are distinct, 446 U.S. at 446 U. S. 300, n. 4, I have some difficulty in identifying a material difference between these formulations. Since the Court found its test not satisfied in Innis, it should follow that Henry's statements may be excluded only if there was greater reason in this case than in Innis to expect incriminatory disclosures. The case for finding that disclosures were "likely," however, was clearly stronger in Innis. There, the defendant had just been arrested at 4:30 a.m.; he was handcuffed and confined in a "caged wagon"; and the three police officers accompanying him triggered his confession by conversing about the danger that a "little girl" attending a nearby school for the handicapped would "maybe kill herself" upon finding a gun he supposedly had hidden. Id. at 446 U. S. 293-295. Against the backdrop of Innis, I cannot fathom how the Court can conclude that Coughlin's actions rendered Henry's disclosures "likely."
conversations with Mr. Henry while he was in the jail.'" Ante at 447 U. S. 267. "Henry had engaged [Nichols] in conversation," "had requested Nichols' assistance," and "had talked to Nichols about the bank robbery charges against him." App. to Pet. for Cert. 58a. Thus, we know only that Nichols and Henry had conversations, hardly a startling development, given their location in the same cellblock in a city jail. We know nothing about the nature of these conversations, particularly whether Nichols subtly or otherwise focused attention on the bank robberies. Indeed, to the extent the record says anything at all, it supports the inference that it was Henry, not Nichols, who "engaged" the other "in some conversations," and who was the moving force behind any mention of the crime. I cannot believe that Massiah requires exclusion when a cellmate previously unknown to the defendant and asked only to keep his ears open says: "It's a nice day," and the defendant responds: "It would be nicer if I hadn't robbed that bank." The Court of Appeals, however, found it necessary to swallow that bitter pill in order to decide this case the way it did, and this Court does not show that anything more transpired.
to be released was a logical choice to serve as a go-between. The Court, however, seems unconcerned that some of Henry's statements were "spontaneously given." 590 F.2d 544 549 (CA4 1978) (dissenting opinion). It emphasizes that "[i]n Massiah, no inquiry was made as to whether Massiah or his codefendant first raised the subject of the crime under investigation." Ante at 447 U. S. 271-272. This observation trivializes the central facts of Massiah, in which an agent arranged a bugged meeting between codefendants who shared a natural interest in their pending prosecution, and in which the informant was instructed to, and did, converse about the pair's misdeeds.
In sum, I think this is an unfortunate decision, which disregards precedent and stretches to the breaking point a virtually silent record. Whatever the bounds of Massiah, that case does not justify exclusion of the proof challenged here.
For purposes of this case, I see no need to abandon Massiah v. United States, as MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST does.
The planted bug, of course, not only underscored the agent's deliberate design to obtain incriminating information. By permitting the agent to monitor whether the codefendant informant abided by his agreement, it all but ensured that affirmative elicitation in fact would occur.
It is noteworthy that the phrase "deliberately elicited" appears at least three times in the Massiah opinion. See 377 U.S. at 377 U. S. 204, 377 U. S. 206.
"Few, if any, police officers are competent to make the kind of evaluation seemingly contemplated; even a psychiatrist asked to express an expert opinion on these aspects of a suspect in custody would very likely employ extensive questioning and observation to make the judgment now charged to police officers."
Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U. S. 291, 446 U. S. 304 (1980) (opinion concurring in judgment).
"Massiah serves the salutary purpose of preventing police interference with the relationship between a suspect and his counsel once formal proceedings have been initiated."
I fail to see any greater "interference" on the facts of this case than in a case where an inmate is permitted to have a conversation with a trusted visitor, but with an electronic listening device in place, a practice MR. .JUSTICE POWELL finds unobjectionable. Ibid. Indeed, bugging might be said to present an even stronger case for finding "deliberate elicitation." There is, after all, a likelihood that the inmate will place added confidence in a relative or longtime friend who visits him. Nichols, in contrast, had not known Henry previously. Moreover, with bugging, a defendant cannot know what he is dealing with. He lacks the ability intelligently to gauge the probability that his confidences will be "reported" back to government agents. See Wilson v. Henderson, 584 F.2d 1185, 1191 (CA2 1978), cert. denied, 442 U.S. 945 (1979).
Rejection of an objective test in this context is not inconsistent with Rhode Island v. Innis, supra, since "the policies underlying the two constitutional protections [Fifth and Sixth Amendments] are quite distinct." 446 U.S. at 446 U. S. 300, n. 4. Miranda's "prophylactic rule," see Michigan v. Payne, 412 U. S. 47, 412 U. S. 53 (1973), seeks to protect a suspect's privilege against self-incrimination from "the compulsion inherent in custodial surroundings" when "interrogation" occurs. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 436, 384 U. S. 458 (1966). Thus, in Miranda cases, the degree of compulsion is critical. Beyond an objectively defined "pressure point," statements will be deemed presumedly compelled, and therefore properly excluded, absent the countercoercive effect of Miranda warnings. See id. at 384 U. S. 467. Massiah, in contrast to Miranda, is not rooted in the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. Rather, it is expressly designed to counter "deliberat[e]" interference with an indicted suspect's right to counsel. By focusing on deliberateness, Massiah imposes the exclusionary sanction on that conduct that is most culpable, most likely to frustrate the purpose of having counsel, and most susceptible to being checked by a deterrent. Cf. Brown v. Illinois, 422 U. S. 590, 422 U. S. 604 (1975).
The Court also notes that Henry, being located in the same cellblock as Nichols, was accessible to the informant. It nonetheless totally ignores the fact that the investigating agent had nothing to do with placing Henry and Nichols in the same cellblock. Indeed, the record shows that Coughlin did not confer with Nichols initially with the purpose of obtaining evidence about Henry; rather, the agent's affidavit indicates t.hat he was unaware that Nichols and Henry were in the same cellblock until Nichols informed him. App. to Pet. for Cert. 57a-58a.
The record shows that Nichols "had been paid by the FBI for expenses and services in connection with information he had provided on . . . previous occasions," id. at 57a, and that "Nichols was paid by the FBI for expenses and services in connection with the [investigation] of Henry." Id. at 59a. These facts establish, at most, an amorphous course of dealing, emanating from an unspecified number of previous investigations. They do not show that Nichols previously was paid only when he produced information. There can be no assurance that Nichols would not have been paid had he failed to come up with evidence implicating Henry or other federal defendants. Nor is there anything to indicate that Nichols acted on this assumption.
"Nichols advised that he was in the same cellblock, as Billy Gale Henry as well as with other prisoners who had Federal charges against them. I recall telling Nichols at this time to be alert to any statements made by these individuals regarding the charges against them. I specifically recall telling Nichols that he was not to question Henry or these individuals about the charges against them, however, if they engaged him in conversation or talked in front of him, he was requested to pay attention to their statements. I recall telling Nichols not to initiate any conversations with Henry regarding the bank robbery charges against Henry, but that, if Henry initiated the conversations with Nichols, I requested Nichols to pay attention to the information furnished by Henry."
App. to Pet. for Cert. 58a (emphases added). Since the affidavit containing this statement was submitted in Henry's case, it is neither surprising nor significant that it occasionally refers to Henry by name, while not referring specifically to remarks Coughlin might have made about other detainees. The Court's reading of this passage as establishing that "the agent . . . singled out Henry as the inmate in whom the agent had a special interest" seems to me extraordinary.
Indeed, here, unlike the scenario sketched by MR. JUSTICE POWELL, there was no instruction "to engage . . . in some conversations." It would seem that, a fortiori, Henry's statements should not be excluded.
has been a Massiah violation, ante at 447 U. S. 270, I think that Massiah constitutes such a substantial departure from the traditional concerns that underlie the Sixth Amendment guarantee that its language, if not its actual holding, should be reexamined.
"It is only a sterile syllogism -- an unsound one, besides -- to say that, because [the accused] had a right to counsel's aid before and during the trial, his out-of-court conversations and admissions must be excluded if obtained without counsel's consent or presence. The right to counsel has never meant as much before, Cicenia v. Lagay, 357 U. S. 504; Crooker v. California, 357 U. S. 433, and its extension in this case requires some further explanation, so far unarticulated by the Court."
"is not discharged by an assignment at such time or under such circumstances as to preclude the giving of effective aid in the preparation and trial of the case,"
heard by counsel. Even the intelligent and educated layman has small and sometimes no skill in the science of law. If charged with crime, he is incapable, generally, of determining for himself whether the indictment is good or bad. He is unfamiliar with the rules of evidence. Left without the aid of counsel, he may be put on trial without a proper charge, and convicted upon incompetent evidence, or evidence irrelevant to the issue or otherwise inadmissible. He lacks both the skill and knowledge adequately to prepare his defense, even though he have a perfect one. He requires the guiding hand of counsel every step in the proceedings against him. Without it, though he be not guilty, he faces the danger of conviction because he does not know how to establish his innocence. If that be true of men of intelligence, how much more true is it of the ignorant and illiterate, or those of feeble intellect."
information voluntarily obtained from an accused despite the fact that his counsel may not be present. In such circumstances, the accused, at the least, has been informed of his rights as required by Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 436 (1966), and often will have received advice from his counsel not to disclose any information relating to his case, see, e.g., Brewer v. Williams, 430 U. S. 387 (1977).
Once the accused has been made aware of his rights, it is his responsibility to decide whether or not to exercise them. If he voluntarily relinquishes his rights by talking to authorities, or if he decides to disclose incriminating information to someone whom he mistakenly believes will not report it to the authorities, cf. Hoffa v. United States, 385 U. S. 293 (1966), he is normally accountable for his actions and must bear any adverse consequences that result. Such information has not in any sense been obtained because the accused's will has been overborne, nor does it result from any "unfair advantage" that the State has over the accused: the accused is free to keep quiet and to consult with his attorney if he so chooses. In this sense, the decision today and the result in Massiah are fundamentally inconsistent with traditional notions of the role of the attorney that underlie the Sixth Amendment right to counsel.
on the basis of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment long before the Court selected the Sixth Amendment as one that the Fourteenth Amendment "incorporated" and made applicable against the States as well as the United States. See Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U. S. 335 (1963).
Ordinary citizens are expected to report any criminal activity they might observe, and they are often required, under pain of compulsory process, to reveal information that may incriminate others, even their friends and relatives. It generally does not matter that the information was obtained as a result of trust or confidence that develops from friendship or family ties. The incriminating information may still be obtained through use of the subpoena power, and in many instances, of course, it will be voluntarily revealed by the citizen interested in the enforcement of the laws.
"First, Nichols was acting under instructions as a paid informant for the Government; second, Nichols was ostensibly no more than a fellow inmate of Henry; and third, Henry was in custody and under indictment at the time he was engaged in conversation by Nichols."
Ante at 447 U. S. 270. I disagree with the Court's evaluation of these factors, and would conclude that no deliberate elicitation has taken place.
The Court acknowledges that the use of undercover police work is an important and constitutionally permissible method of law enforcement. Ante at 447 U. S. 272. As the Court observes, Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. at 302, for example, recognizes that the Constitution affords no protection to "a wrongdoer's misplaced belief that a person to whom he voluntarily confides his wrongdoing will not reveal it," even if that person is an undisclosed informer. And in Weatherford v. Bursey, 429 U. S. 545, 429 U. S. 557 (1977), we acknowledged the "necessity of undercover work" and "the value it often is to effective law enforcement." See also e.g., United States v. Russell, 411 U. S. 423, 411 U. S. 432 (1973); United States v. White, 401 U. S. 745, 401 U. S. 752 (1971).
The Court nonetheless holds that, once formal criminal proceedings have commenced, such undercover activity in some circumstances may not be constitutionally permissible even though it leads to incriminating statements by an accused that are entirely voluntary and inherently reliable. The reason for this conclusion is not readily apparent from the Court's opinion.
The fact that police carry on undercover activities should not automatically be transmuted because formal criminal proceedings have begun. It is true that, once such proceedings have commenced, there is an "adversary" relationship between the government and the accused. But an adversary relationship may very well exist prior to the commencement of formal proceedings. And, as this Court has previously recognized, many events, while perhaps "adversarial," are not of such a nature that an attorney can provide any special knowledge or assistance to the accused as a result of his legal expertise. See, e.g., United States v. Ash, 413 U. S. 300 (1973) (no right to an attorney at pretrial photographic identifications at which the accused is not present); Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. at 388 U. S. 267 (no right to an attorney at taking of handwriting exemplars). When an attorney has no such special knowledge or skill, the Sixth Amendment does not give the accused a right to have an attorney present.
"We do not question that, in this case, as in many cases, it was entirely proper to continue an investigation of the suspected criminal activities of the defendant and his alleged confederates, even though the defendant had already been indicted."
type of encounter is one that is properly viewed as a critical stage at which counsel is necessary to provide guidance or protection to the accused to enable him to cope with unfamiliar legal proceedings, or to counterbalance the expertise of a professional prosecutor. Rather, as previously discussed, when the accused voluntarily reveals incriminating information to a third party in this context, I do not think there is any justification for excluding his admissions from trial, whether or not the third party was acting at the behest of the prosecution.
Finally, the Court considers relevant the fact that, because the accused is confined and in custody, "subtle influences" are present "that will make him particularly susceptible to the ploys of undercover agents." Ante at 447 U. S. 274. An appeal to an accused's conscience or willingness to talk, however, does not, in my view, have a sufficiently overbearing impact on the accused's will to warrant special constitutional protection.
designed to extract incriminating statements from the accused. The same would be true if the accused made a statement that a prison guard happened to overhear. See, e.g., United States v Barfield, 461 F.2d 661 (CA5 1972). I think there likewise is no Sixth Amendment violation when the accused's cellmate initiates conversation with him, and the accused makes incriminatory admissions. The fact that the cellmate is an informant has no impact on the accused, because the informant appears to him to be an ordinary cellmate. Whether the accused makes any statements is therefore dependent on his own disposition to do so, despite the fact that he is confined in a cell.
Finally, I disagree with the Court's reading of the facts, though that reading obviously narrows the scope of its holding. Here the District Court found that the Government did not employ Nichols to question respondent or to seek information from him, but merely to report what he heard. The Government had no part in having Nichols placed in the jail cell with respondent. App. to Pet. for Cert. 39a. And the record, in my view, fails to support the conclusion that Nichols engaged in any affirmative conduct to elicit information from respondent. The Court of Appeals did not either explicitly or implicitly find to the contrary. Thus, this Court's factual conclusions are not supported by the findings of the District Court. I consequently would conclude, as did the District Court, that here respondent has not been denied his Sixth Amendment right to counsel.
For the foregoing reasons, I would reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals.
"It is not enough to assume that counsel . . . precipitated into the case [on the morning of the trial] thought there was no defense, and exercised their best judgment in proceeding to trial without preparation. Neither they nor the court could say what a prompt and thoroughgoing investigation might disclose as to the facts. No attempt was made to investigate. No opportunity to do so was given. Defendants were immediately hurried to trial. Chief Justice Anderson, after disclaiming any intention to criticize harshly counsel who attempted to represent defendants at the trials, said: '. . . The record indicates that the appearance was rather pro forma than zealous and active. . . .' Under the circumstances disclosed, we hold that defendants were not accorded the right of counsel in any substantial sense. To decide otherwise would simply be to ignore actualities."
287 U.S. at 287 U. S. 58.
This rationale has also been applied to the arraignment, .where "[a]vailable defenses may be as irretrievably lost, if not then and there asserted, as they are when an accused represented by counsel waives a right for strategic purposes," Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U. S. 52, 368 U. S. 54 (1961), and to a preliminary hearing, where such defenses may similarly be lost when the accused enters his plea. White v. Maryland, 373 U. S. 59 (1963). See also United States v. Wade, 388 U. S. 218 (1967) (lineup); Mempa v. Rhay, 389 U. S. 128 (1967) (combination probation-revocation and sentencing hearing); Coleman v. Alabama, 399 U. S. 1 (1970) (preliminary examination); Moore v. Illinois, 434 U. S. 220 (1977) (one-person showup at a hearing, which combined the functions of a preliminary arraignment and preliminary examination, that was adversary in nature and at which the accused was entitled to move for suppression of evidence and dismissal of charges).
"historical background suggests that the core purpose of the counsel guarantee was to assure 'Assistance' at trial, when the accused was confronted with both the intricacies of the law and the advocacy of the public prosecutor."
413 U.S. at 413 U. S. 309. The English common law rule, which severely limited the right of a person accused of a felony to consult with counsel, was apparently rejected by the Framers as inherently irrational. Id. at 413 U. S. 306-307.
"call[s] for examination of the event in order to determine whether the accused required aid in coping with legal problems or assistance in meeting his adversary."
Id. at 413 U. S. 313.
Whatever may be the appropriate role of counsel in protecting the accused's privilege against compulsory self-incrimination, see, e.g., Fare v. Michael C., 442 U. S. 707, 442 U. S. 719 (1979), when, as in this case, the accused merely engages in conversation with someone whom he does not know to be a governmental agent, the hazards of coercion and governmental overreaching are entirely absent.
"[U]nlawfully obtained evidence is not automatically excluded from the factfinding process in all circumstances. In a variety of contexts, we inquire whether application of the rule will promote its objectives sufficiently to justify the enormous cost it imposes on society."
"As with any remedial device, the application of the rule has been restricted to those areas where its remedial objectives are thought most efficaciously served."
"United States v. Calandra, [414 U.S. 338, 414 U. S. 348 (1974)]; Accord, Stone v. Powell, supra at 428 U. S. 486-491; United States v. Janis, [428 U.S. 433 (1976)]; Brown v. Illinois, 422 U. S. 590, 422 U. S. 606, 422 U. S. 608, 422 U. S. 609 (1975) (POWELL, J., concurring in part); United States v. Peltier, [422 U.S. 531, 422 U. S. 538-539 (1975)]."
"Inescapably, one contemplating illegal activities must realize and risk that his companions may be reporting to the police. If he sufficiently doubts their trustworthiness, the association will very probably end, or never materialize. But if he has no doubts, or allays them, or risks what doubt he has, the risk is his."
I also disagree with the Court that the fact that Nichols was a paid informant and on a contingency fee is relevant in making this determination. See ante at 447 U. S. 270.
"Massiah does not prohibit the introduction of spontaneous statements that are not elicited by governmental action. Thus, the Sixth Amendment is not violated when a passive listening device collects, but does not induce, incriminating comments. See United States v. Hearst, 563 F.2d 1331, 1347-1348 (CA9 1977), cert. denied, 435 U. S. 1000 (1978). Similarly, the mere presence of a jailhouse informant who had been instructed to overhear conversations and to engage a criminal defendant in some conversations would not necessarily be unconstitutional. In such a case, the question would be whether the informant's actions constituted deliberate and 'surreptitious interrogatio[n]' of the defendant. If they did not, there would be no interference with the relationship between client and counsel."
Ante at 447 U. S. 276. Deliberate elicitation does not and cannot depend on the subjective intention of the government or its informant to obtain incriminatory evidence from the accused within the limits of the law. Such an intention of course is the essence of conscientious police work.
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0.99824 |
The White House was built in 1792 but has only been using electricity for just over a century. Electricity was first put into the White House by the Edisosn Company on September 14, 1891 during Benjamin Harrison's presidency. According to the White House Historical Association, wires were plastered over in the walls and round switches were installed for turning the current on and off. With little known about electricity at the time, President Harrison and his wife were too afraid of shock to go near the switches.
Things became a little more advanced with the addition of new electric appliances during the 1920s. Electric vacuums were used to clean the carpets at the White House for the first time in 1922, and an electric refrigerator was installed in the White House during Calvin Coolidge's presidency in 1926.
During Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, air conditioning was added to the private quarters of the White House in 1933, although he rarely used it in the Oval Office, opting to wear short sleeves.
From 1948 to 1952 the White House went through a major renovation that included electrical. This happened with the Truman administration and often referred to as the Truman Reconstruction. President Truman and his family and staff were relocated across the street This renovation is mainly how we know the White House as it is today.
President Lyndon B. Johnson earned the nickname "Light Bulb" Johnson for his practice of turning out the lights in unused rooms in the White House every night to save taxpayer money on the electric bill.
It was President Jimmy Carter who took a green turn in the White House by adding solar panels to the roof of the West Wing to heat the water supply in 1979. However, those panels were removed in 1986 during a roof repair. It was in 1993 when the Clinton Administration came up with "Greening the White House" project. Energy efficient windows were installed in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, a new HVAC system was installed and incadescent bulbs were replaced with CFLs. In 2003, President George W. Bush continued the green effect by adding the first solar electric system to the White House. In 2008, the traditional 100 year old portico lantern outside the White House was fitted with LED lights. Lastly, in 2014 during the Obama Administration, solar panels were placed on the main roof of the White House providing 6.3 kilowatts of solar power.
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0.975546 |
I know a lot of you been talking about gratefulness ! Have you ever thought why is it important ?
- it makes you healthy "lots of researchers have proven that "
- more success will come to your way "trust me on that "
- it train your brain to focus on good things in life , and whatever you focus on will come to your life "law of attraction"
- keep a journal in which you write five things you are grateful for " will write a whole post about it "
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0.999942 |
We celebrate Memorial Day not to glorify war, but to renew the democracy so many of our ancestors fought to defend.
While many were motivated by military service as a pathway to education, opportunity, and prosperity, all were inspired to serve in the military by a sense of duty, patriotism, adventure, purpose or belonging. They all sought to be part of something bigger than themselves. But once they joined the military, and when they found themselves in the crucible of war on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan, they fought and died for one another.
Our democracy has always been imperfect, but we have always improved it by striving to do better. Perhaps now more than ever, we need to remember the past and use it as inspiration for the future.
He hated war, but he served. He just didn't need our thanks or our praise or our understanding. Because, of course, we couldn't understand.
Military service has always been an honorable path toward citizenship in this country, and immigrants without citizenship can enlist in our armed forces. However, despite their honorable service to our country, some veterans are deported after they complete their time in the military.
Say you're a person who wants to express solidarity with troops and veterans this Memorial Day, and you're not sure how. Here's a place to start: Consider that war is not inevitable, even though it seems like it is these days.
I never have known fear like I did in the midst of a few bouts of the depression.
If this war is to be forgotten, I ask, in the name of all things sacred, what shall men remember?
To the indifferent inquirer who asks why Memorial Day is still kept up we may answer, it celebrates and solemnly reaffirms from year to year a national act of enthusiasm and faith.
Reflections on those who gave all and died, and on those who returned and need respect.
The Global War on Terror is our longest war, and a conflict without a national memorial.
The VA Dallas Medical Center is one of the largest facilities providing the full range of medical care to veterans in America.
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0.919293 |
Do you think Japan would have tried to further expand in the 1930s and 1940s without WW1 occurring until the late 1930s? Would they have still been on the Allied side? Most land they coveted belonged to the Allied Nations.
I think that Japan would not have been willing to expand in the 1930s or 1940s if this would have meant war with a coalition of other Great Powers--especially if Japan would have been fighting by itself.
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0.999995 |
Which exercises help in building upper body strength for swimming?
I am a seasoned marathoner training for my first triathalon.
Pushing and pulling movements should be the cornerstone of your upper-body training.
Also, adding in the lat pulldown and a seated low cable row would target the muscle groups needed for swimming.
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0.714475 |
The provision in the law of October 16, 1889, of the State of Georgia, Laws of Georgia, 1889, No. 399, p. 29, distributing for taxation purposes the rolling stock and other unlocated personal property of a railway company to and for the benefit of the counties traversed by the railroad, does not violate the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws.
"An act to provide a system of taxation of railroad property in each of the counties of this state through which said railroads run, and to provide a mode of assessing and collecting the same, and for other purposes,"
violates that clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States which declares that "no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws."
"SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of this state, and it is hereby enacted by authority of the same, that hereafter in each and every year, on or before the first day of May, each and every railroad company in this state shall make an annual return to the comptroller general of this state for the purposes of county taxation in each of the counties through which said road runs, in the following manner: said return shall be under the oath of the president or other chief executive officer, and shall show the following facts as they existed on the first day of April preceding, to-wit: first, showing the aggregate value of the whole property of said railroad company; second, showing the value of the real estate and track bed of said company; third, showing the value of the rolling stock and all other personal property of said company; fourth, showing the value of the company's property in each county through which it runs."
"SEC. II. Be it further enacted, etc., that whenever the amount of the tax levy of any county through which the said railroad runs is assessed by the authority of such county, it shall be the duty of the ordinary thereof to certify the same and transmit such certificate to the comptroller general, and the property of such railroad companies shall be subject to taxation in each and every county through which the same passes to the same extent and in the same manner that all other property is taxed, in the manner hereafter set out."
in the following manner: first, it shall be assessed upon the property located in each county upon the basis of the value given by the returns required by section first of this act; second, the amount of tax to be assessed upon the rolling stock and other personal property is as follows: as the value of the property located in the particular county is to the value of the whole property, real and personal, of the said company, such shall be amount of rolling stock and other personal property to be distributed for taxing purposes to each county. These two, the value of the property located in the county and the share of the rolling stock and personal property thus ascertained and apportioned to each of such counties, shall be the amount to be taxed to the extent of the assessment in each county."
"SEC. IV. Be it further enacted, etc., that should the property of any railroad company in this state be not subject to taxation, as hereinbefore provided, but taxable upon its net income, such railroad company shall report to the comptroller general the entire length of its road, the different counties through which such road runs, and the number of miles in each county, which report shall be made at the time that railroad companies are required to return their property for taxation. When the income of such road is returned to the comptroller general, he shall estimate the amount of income for each county through which such road runs, upon which shall be levied for such county a tax to be ascertained in the following manner: in the proportion that the road in each county bears to the whole length of the road, in that proportion shall the income returned by said road be taxed by each county through which it passes. Such income shall be taxed at the rate fixed by the charter of such railroad company, which tax shall be assessed and collected by the comptroller general, and by him paid over to the county entitled to such tax. If any railroad company refuses to pay such tax, the comptroller shall issue execution for the amount of said tax due to each county, which shall be levied on any property of said company. The railroad company may resist such tax as is herein provided in case of tax on property of railroad companies. "
"SEC. V. Be it further enacted, etc., that whenever the comptroller general shall ascertain and levy in the manner specified in the preceding section, the amount of tax due by such company to each of such counties, it shall be his duty at once to notify the president and treasurer of such railroad company of the amount due in each of said counties for county taxes of said railroads, and each and every road is hereby required, within sixty days from the receipt of such notice. to pay to the tax collector of each county through which the railroad runs the amount mentioned by the comptroller general as the tax due to such county."
"SEC. VI. Be it further enacted, etc., if any railroad company shall refuse to pay, within sixty days, the amount thus ascertained and due by it, to the tax collector of any county to which the same is due and payable, it shall be the duty of the comptroller general to at once issue a fi. fa. in the name of the State of Georgia, against such railroad company, for the same, to be issued, levied, and returned in the same manner as tax fi. fas. are issued for state taxes due in the state by said companies."
"SEC. VII. Be it further enacted, etc., if any railroad company shall dispute the liability to such county tax, it may be done by an affidavit of illegality, to be made by the President of said railroad in the same manner as other affidavits of illegality are made, and shall be returned for trial to the Superior Court of the County of Fulton, where such cases shall be given precedence for trial over all other cases, except tax cases, in which the state shall be a party."
"SEC. VIII. Be it further enacted, etc., that all laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act be, and the same are hereby, repealed."
By an act approved in 1874, provision was made for the taxation of railroad property for state purposes, but this act of 1889 was the first statute enacted providing for the taxation of railroad property for county purposes.
office or domicile in the City of Columbus, Muscogee County, in that state, with its line of railway extending through the Counties of Chattahoochee, Stewart, Terrell, Webster, and Lee, to the City of Albany, in the County of Dougherty. With the exception of its right of way, roadbed, superstructure, depots, and usual appurtenances along the line of its road, the undistributed property of the corporation, such as its choses in action, etc., is situated in Muscogee County.
Under the provisions of the first section of the act set out above, the railroad company made return of its property for the year 1890. Upon the basis of that return the comptroller general of the state assessed and levied taxes for the benefit of the several counties through which the railroad extended, after such counties had certified to him their respective tax rate and levies, and on October 27, 1890, notified the company that the taxes so levied must be paid to the respective tax collectors of the several counties within sixty days from the date of the notice.
The tax rate upon the property thus assessed, as stated in the notice of the comptroller general, was different in the different counties. For Muscogee County it was 2 1/2 mills, for Chattahoochee it was 8 mills, for Stewart it was 5 mills, for Terrell it was 5.34 mills, and for Webster County it was 3.47 mills; these rates of taxation being imposed by the respective counties on other property situate therein and subject to taxation.
Before the expiration of the sixty days, within which the railroad company was required to make payment of the taxes thus assessed, it filed its bill or equitable petition in the superior court of Fulton County against William A. Wright, Comptroller General, for an injunction, and relief against the payment of these county taxes.
second, that the act was a special one, whereas the constitution required that all taxes should be levied and collected under general laws; third, that the act provided for a tax to be levied and collected by the state for the benefit of the counties, when the state had no authority, under the constitution, to tax for such a purpose; fourth, that the act embraced two subjects matter, viz., the "property of certain railroads" and also the "net incomes as to certain other railroads," while the constitution declares that "no law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter;" fifth, because the affidavit of illegality which a railroad company was authorized to file against an execution to collect the taxes authorized by the statute was required to be filed and tried in the Superior Court of Fulton County without reference to the domicile of the company, thereby conferring upon that court a greater jurisdiction than the constitution allowed; and sixth that the act violated the Constitution of the United States in that it conflicts with the clause of the Fourteenth Amendment which declares that "no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws."
The defendant interposed a general demurrer to the petition, which the Superior Court of Fulton County sustained, and dismissed the petition, holding that the act was not repugnant to the provisions of either the state or the federal constitutions in any of the respects alleged. From that judgment the railroad company prosecuted a writ of error to the supreme court of the state, which court fully reviewed and considered the questions, and in affirming the judgment of the court below held that the act of 1889 in no way violated the constitution of the state, and in no way discriminated against the railway company so as to deny it the equal protection of the laws, and was not therefore repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. 89 Ga. 574. The present writ of error was sued out to reverse this judgment.
"the rolling stock and other unlocated personal property owned by the railway company is, by the provisions of the act, distributed for taxation purposes to and for the benefit of the several counties traversed by the railroad, while personal property of all other persons and companies is taxed in and by the county in which the owner resides, and, secondly, that the unlocated intangible personal property of railroad companies is distributed for taxing purposes to the several counties, while the intangible personal property of all other persons follows the domicile of the owner, and is there taxable."
"The next objection made by the petition is that the requirement of the Constitution as to uniformity in taxation is violated because certain personal property of railroads is taxed for the benefit of counties, though not situated therein, while, as to other corporations and individuals, county taxation is imposed, so far as any particular county is concerned, only on property within its territorial limits. This objection is disposed of by what has already been said. We have shown that in each county its rate of taxation is applied to the property of the railroad actually located therein, and that it is perfectly just and proper to distribute the unlocated personalty of the road for taxing purposes in fair proportion among the several counties, the corporations residing sub modo in all the counties along its line of road, and therefore in one as much as in another."
when he undervalues it. Code, §§ 923(b), et seq. No such rule is applied to railroads by this act, but their returns stand as they make them, whatever may be the law as to their returns for state taxation. We will only add that as the act allows corporations whose property is taxable under it to designate in their returns what part of their property (real and personal) is located in a particular county, there is no ground for the complaint that the law may subject property located in one county to the rate of taxation prescribed by some other county. If, for example, the plaintiff in error returns a switch engine as a part of its property located in Muscogee County, it will be taxed at the rate prescribed by the authorities of that county, and none other."
This decision of the supreme court of the state establishes what is conceded by plaintiff in error -- that the rate of taxation and the mode of valuing the railroad property for assessment was in all respects the same as the rate and mode prescribed for other taxpayers. So that the only difference between the county taxation upon railroad property, real and personal, and that of other persons or companies consisted in the method of distributing the transitory or unlocated personal property of the railroad company, as valued by itself, among the several counties entitled to share therein, for the purposes of taxation. In other words, the question is whether the railroad company has any constitutional right to have its transitory property assessed for taxation alone in Muscogee County, and whether the distribution among the several counties of such property is such a discrimination against the railroad as denies to it the equal protection of the laws?
whatever. But the mode of distribution of the unlocated or transitory personal property is a matter of regulation by the state legislature, which in no way involves a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
"The rolling stock of a railroad company, as a general principle, should be assessed and taxed where the corporation has its residence; but the principle of law may be modified by the legislature. The notion of the situs of personal property following the personal residence of the corporation is a legal fiction, but is not an unbending and uncontrollable principle of law. It may be modified by the legislature. The rolling stock of a railroad company has no more local existence in one county than another. This machinery by which the road is operated is constantly passing from one terminus to the other of the entire road, and, to save all cavil and dispute in respect to it, it was perfectly competent for the legislature to say that it should become a part of the road itself, and become property the same as the road, and that for the purpose of taxation it should be equally distributed through the counties, cities, or towns through which it passed, in proportion to its length in these respective localities."
at the market price of adjacent lands, and adding the value of the cross-ties, rails, and spikes. The value of land depends largely upon the use to which it can be put and the character of the improvements upon it. The assessable value, for taxation, of a railroad track can only be determined by looking at the elements on which the financial condition of the company depends, its traffic, as evidenced by the rolling stock and gross earnings in connection with its capital stock. No local estimate of the fraction in one county of a railroad track running through several counties can be based upon sufficient data to make it at all trustworthy, unless, indeed, the local assessors are furnished with the means of estimating the whole road."
"It may be doubted very reasonably whether such a rule can be applied to a railroad corporation as between the different localities embraced by its line of road. But after all, the rule is merely the law of the state which recognizes it. . . . Like all other laws of a state, it is therefore subject to legislative repeal, modification, or limitation, and when the Legislature of Illinois declared that it should not prevail in assessing personal property of railroad corporations for taxation, it simply exercised an ordinary function of legislation. Whether allowing the rule to stand as to taxation of individuals, and changing it as to railroads or other corporations, it violated any rule of uniformity prescribed by the constitution of the state we will consider when we come to the constitutional objections to the statute."
company, and distributing it to the counties through which the road extended, in no way violated the rule of uniformity or discriminated against the railroad company. In that case as in this, there was no claim that the rate of taxation levied by any county on the assessed value of the property within its limits was greater than on other property, nor was the valuation different from that placed upon other property. In the present case, the railroad company, like other property owners, placed its own valuation upon the property. It was also held, in the case just cited that taxes are uniform when the rate of taxation is the same on assessments ascertained by the same method.
Without reviewing authorities on this subject, the principle involved in the case under consideration is not distinguishable from the principle involved in State Railroad Tax Cases, 92 U. S. 575, and in Kentucky Railroad Tax Cases, 115 U. S. 321, 115 U. S. 339; Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway v. Beckwith, 129 U. S. 26, and in Charlotte, Columbia & Augusta Railroad v. Gibbes, 142 U. S. 386.
involved no discrimination against the railroad company. The state having the undoubted authority to fix the situs of such property, and having lawfully distributed it proportionately between the several counties traversed by the road, it thereby became subject to the same rate of taxation as other property in the respective counties. This involved no inequality, and violated no provision of either the state or federal Constitution. It certainly did not involve a failure to extend to the plaintiff in error the equal protection of the laws.
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0.965619 |
Do men prefer women who are well off?
Pretend you were interested in a woman and wanted to ask for her hand. However, you find out that her family doesn't have much. You find out that her father doesn't live with her, and it's only her, her mother, and brothers. You also find out that she helps out with food and rent, and basically doesn't save up for much. She would be around 24, 25 and is just about to study to become a teacher because she just changed paths from a previous career.
Would that turn down a guy and find that unattractive? Do some guys want a woman who is well off? I was told that some men prefer women who have a rich family. Is that sometimes the case?
First of all i would like to say the people out there in the world are not of the same mentality. Hence all I'm going to tell you is after keeping in mind the diversity in human race.
Love is blind and indeed this statement is true. In other words a person who is in love with someone is not able to see the drawbacks and negative points of the loved one. All the person sees are the good qualities exhibited by the loved one.
But in the present scenario finding true love can be a very difficult task. Today people don't love people they love money. Hence they dont give a damn about the looks and qualities of a person.
Coming to your question the person who really loves you will never care about anything else about you like your looks, money, family, property n all. All he'll care about is just you and you.
But if a man is jus trying to use you as an ATM machine. Then as soon as you have no money he'll leave you.
The type of men that prefer a well off woman are the atm type guys.
Well, first, you'd need to take me to a first-class restaurant and then we'll talk.
EDIT: On a serious note, a woman who helps out with food and rent despite living with her mother and brothers sounds amazing. Such kind-heartedness is what I would mostly look for.
In 20th Century American idiom: Money doesn't buy breeding.
Life is not a straight path for some, for some it is. Some go to school, then college, then uni, then work, then get married, etc. You will see that with most people the 'road' is smooth. But for some it isn't. Allah (swt) has different tests for different people. We must accept the tests and challenges.
We both know how this world works. People, when they want to marry, look for that perfect match or 'soul mate', which doesn't exist. Actually, you should consider yourself lucky because of this 'situation' you will be able to filter out a lot of guys, a lot of guys you don't want to end up with. You really want to be with someone who doesn't want to be with you because of your situation? All the superficial guys will be filtered out and you'll end up with a handful good ones. These will want to be with you because they like you and not for what you have (or don't have).
For a long time, I felt exactly like you. Because when I look around, I'm the odd one. My situation is so different from everybody, my tests and trials are totally different. I cannot sometimes talk to other people about my situation because they wouldn't understand it or even 'look' down on me. But I 'found' God and I understood that these trials weren't in my hands, it has been given as a blessing to me from God. Yes most people will turn me down if I propose to them, simply because of my job, situation, looks, etc (you name it). But I would be happy if they did turn me down for these things as they would be filtered out, making space for someone who is God-conscious and doesn't care about these things.
If a woman is not wealthy, she has plenty of reason to not prefer a husband who prefers a wealthy wife.
A woman who helps out with her family, is able to strive despite having humble means, to me, is a very noble trait. For me, how poor she or her family was would have no bearing on my decision. Having said that, if she were rich, i may worry about what kind of life-style she was accustomed to, and what her expectations are with regards to that.
From my limited experience I would have to say no, it doesn't seem to matter ...if the fellow is any sort of stand-up guy. If my son-in-law thinks we have $$$$ he is barking up the wrong tree. Unless his family believes it is buried in the backyard.
The only gold out there is the corn.
I read somewhere that imam Ali a.s said that we should marry from our own social class.
I think only materialistic people think about that crtieria.
Nah, rich women have very high expectations, which makes it hard for you to satisfy their needs.. ( I don't mean all of them, but most I think).
The kind of women you described is perfect. Being able to help with food and rent can be a huge help for the family and a career as a teacher is most suitable for a women, cause maybe women have a nurturing nature and them being teachers fits nicely.
I'm not denying the existence of men who prefer rich ladies, but there are some who would like to get rich quick, if you know what I mean.
Regarding expectations, I would have assumed it to be the opposite. Rich women in general can take care of their expectations hence search for other traits in a man (sense of humor intelligence etc..). Whereas a poor woman, because she was deprived of the good life, would be more demanding - well that's what I've seen anyway.
Would that turn down a guy and find that unattractive?
Absolutely not. Girls of high character like that are hard to find.
Do some guys want a woman who is well off?
Since when does money buy happiness?
I was told that some men prefer women who have a rich family. Is that sometimes the case?
Sure, but would you want to marry a guy (or into his family) that's so materialistic ?
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0.999993 |
How do we diversify and innovate our academic offerings to ensure student and institutional success?
Strategic Direction 1.1: Explore and evaluate alternative structures for delivering the Doctor of Pharmacy program.
Strategic Direction 1.2: Explore and evaluate additional graduate and joint degree programs with potential partners.
Strategic Direction 1.3: Explore and evaluate offering additional undergraduate, professional and graduate science and health professions programs.
Strategic Direction 1.4: Develop a comprehensive plan to optimize summer programming.
Strategic Direction 1.5: Expand College-sponsored and regional residency and fellowship programs.
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0.926543 |
Često me pitaju koji sotware da instaliraju na kompjuter, koji je najbolji, za sve njih i za sve vas kome to treba evo lista.Napominjem da nisu svi besplatni, a na vama je da odlučite da li ćete ih kupiti ili nabaviti na drugi način.
Web Browser Chrome, Chromium, Mozilla Firefox, Firefox Nightly, Opera.
Email Client: Thunderbird, Opera Mail, Outlook.
IM Client: Raptr, Pidgin, Miranda, Digsby.
IRC Client: mIRC, XChat, ChatZilla.
FTP Client: FileZilla, CyberDuck, WinSCP.
FTP Server: FileZilla Server, zFTPServer.
RSS Reader: RSSOwl, RSS Bandit.
P2P Client: uTorrent, qBitorrent, Deluge, Tixati.
Video Player: Media Player Classic-Home Cinema, VLC, KMPlayer.
Video Editor: Adobe Premier Pro, Sony Vegas Pro.
Video Converter: Super, AVS Video Converter, FormatFactory, Handbrake, VirtualDub.
Music Player: Winamp, Foobar 2000, iTunes, Songbird.
CD Ripper: Exact Audio Copy.
DVD Ripper: AnyDVD, MakeMKV, DVDFab, DVD Decrypter.
Video Capture: Camstasia Studio, Fraps.
Multiple Screen Management: DisplayFusion, MultipleMonitors.
Image Viewer: IrFanView, XnView, FastStone.
Office Suite: Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, OpenOffice.
Standalone word software: AbiWord, LyX.
Text Editor: Notepad2, Notepad++, Sublime Text.
PDF Viewer: Sumatra PDF, PDF-Xchange, Nitro PDF-Viewer.
System Restore: DeepFreeze, Comodo Backup.
Defrag Software: Auslogics Disk Defrag, Defraggler, O&O Defrag, PerfectDisk.
General System Cleanup: CCleaner, Revo Uninstaller.
File Recovery: Recuva, TestDisk, PhotoRec.
Computer Specs: Speccy, CPU-Z, GPU-Z, HWMonitor.
Virtual Machine: Virtual Box, VMWare.
Driver Updater: Driver Genius Pro, SlimDrivers.
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0.953603 |
If I pay my tuition and fees with a credit card (including the 2% fee), and I drop classes within the 100% refund date or receive an approval for a 100% refund, is the entire amount including the 2% refunded?
No. The 2% fee is non-refundable.
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0.999999 |
I've heard somewhere that Elves were once humans, who happened to settle around a magical well, and this well twisted and mutated them into magical beings with immense power capable of controlling nature herself.
Is this story valid in Warcraft? Did the Elves in Warcraft originate from humans and if so, how did they became superior than human beings in almost every aspect?
No, they did not originate from humans.
Warcraft: Chronicle, Vol. 1 tells the tale of most of the species origins on Azeroth.
While there were a great many diverse races in the very early days of what we would call Azeroth (after the Titans were done chilling out the place), trolls were the most dominant. One particular clan was known as dark trolls, known for being nocturnal and more peaceful than others (trolls are known throughout history for their violence). This clan settled in the area around the Well of Eternity. The immense power in the well got slowly absorbed by the dark trolls and altered them. Their minds grew quicker, their form less hunched. Eventually, other than pointy ears and skin tone, they barely resembled trolls at all. They became the first night elves. Their immense power also stems from the Well, giving them both an innate talent for channeling magic due to how it altered them, and a giant source of it to wield against their enemies.
While night elves later had a few disasters (understatement) that led to the offshoot elven races, and led night elves to seek natural power rather than magic power, humans aren't in any way related to them. Humans are descended from Vrykul, the giants of the north, who in turn were descended from the original stone and metal Titan creations and servants. A degenerative Curse of Flesh first transformed the titan servants from elementals to flesh and blood creatures, creating the Vrykul, then that curse evolved and hit them again, making them give birth to "weakling runts". Said runts were the first humans, and enough of them were exiled to safety to start their own civilization in what would later be called Tirisfal. Dwarves and Gnomes have a similar origin story, also being descended from Titan creations, so those would be the closest kin to humans under the current history.
The tribe of trolls that settled near the Well of Eternity were slowly turned into Night Elves. They nobility - Highborne - started learning to harness the power of the Well, while the rest stayed more attuned with the Nature.
The power of the Well allowed elves to conquer wast areas of the land and cripple the troll empires. Unfortunately it also attracted the attention of the Burning Legion and started corrupting the Queen Azshara. When she decided to summon Sargeras, the leader of the Burning Legion to the Azeroth, the group of elves (Malfurion, Illidan and Tyrande) seeing the folly of her ways struck and managed to destroy the Well of Eternity - Azshara and her followers sunk into ocean and were turned into Naga.
Unwilling to completely banish the magic, before destroying the Well, Illidan has filled few vials with the water - for that he has been imprisoned by his brother and the surviving Highborne have been exiled to the new continent, where they've used the Illidan's gift to create the Sunwell - a smaller version of the Well of Eternity. Those exiles called themselves the High Elves.
For thousands of years the High Elves were living constantly exposed to the magic of the Sunwell, until Arthas destoyed the city and used it to raise the necromancer Kel'Thusad, thus destroying the Sunwell. The surviving remnants living in Silvermoon (calling themselves now the Blood Elves) quickly noticed that they are suffering the magic-withdrawal effects. To negate those effects, they started to feed on other magical energies, including demons.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged elves warcraft or ask your own question.
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0.81499 |
To write a simple script to automate git clone and browsing the source code.
are repeated for every project that I want to read the source code to learn about how to use and to learn some new tricks. So, why not automate this task and learn Ruby at the same time?
I have hardcoded the directory, since I usually use the temp directory for downloading projects. You can modify the script to read the project directory to use from the command line.
In this article, we wrote a simple pure ruby script to automate a frequent task of cloning a git repo and browsing the code.
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0.999994 |
On a day in 1947, toward evening, some Beduin teenagers were rounding up their flock on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea. Muhammad e-Deb, 14 years old, threw a stone into a cave to scare out any goat that might have taken shelter there. He heard something break. The next morning, moved by thoughts of treasure, the young man went back and made the most exciting archaeological discovery of all time.
In the cave were jars, and in one or two of them bundles, which proved to be writings on parchment 2000 years old, preserved in the dry air of the wilderness. Thus began the modern saga of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
An archaeological team explored the other caves of the region (though the Beduin were often first), finding scrolls in a total of 11. Altogether parts of 900 documents have been recovered. The 4th cave alone yielded 16,000 fragments, extracted from dirt and guano. It was like facing an unknown number of jigsaw puzzles all mixed together. The Cave 4 scrolls were in pieces partly because they hadn't been stored in covered jars like those in Cave 1.Also, to judge from the many straight edges, the Romans may have cutthem up on conquering the place in 68 AD. Out of the 16,000 fragments, parts of 600 scrolls have been restored.
Why were the Qumran scrolls so exciting? Ordinarily, archaeologists have to make do with interpreting artifacts. When they are lucky, these include inscriptions. But here they had a whole library, opening a window on a way of thinking and experiencing that characterized a Jewish group from around the time of Jesus.
A kilometer south of the first cave was a modest ruin called in Arabic khirbet qumran, the ruin of Qumran. This Arabic name, meaning double moon, may refer to the moon and its reflection in the adjacent Dead Sea. The residents of 2000 years ago would have known the place as Sekakah, mentioned in their Copper Scroll (found in Cave 3) and centuries earlier in Joshua 15:61. The name Sekakah may refer to the reeds with which roofs can be made.
In 1951, Jordan (which then controlled the area) authorized an archaeological expedition under the French scholar Roland de Vaux. The excavators of Qumran/Sekakah supposed that the site would be connected to the scrolls, and this remains the consensus. Various factors speak for a connection: (1) The dates when the site was inhabited coincide with those of the scrolls (dated by the forms of the Hebrew letters), although some scrolls are earlier by 50 years or so. (2) Five of the 11 caves holding scrolls were accessible only via the site. (3) The scrolls require frequent ritual bathing, namely, before each meal and before the nightly study of scripture; this very small site contains 10 large ritual baths. (4) In a long windowless room 4 inkwells were found, as well as a long plaster table, plus numerous oil lamps (they wrote at night, according to the scrolls); all of these probably fell from the room above when an earthquake or the Romans destroyed the second story. (5) The tall, cylindrical jars in which some of the scrolls were foundare similar to jars found in pieces on the site, and such jars are not common elsewhere. These five pieces of evidence, when taken together, strongly point to a connection between the site and the scrolls. Against this view, nonetheless, a few scholars hold that the scrolls were brought from Jerusalem at the time of the First Revolt and hidden in the caves, and that the site was merely an industrial complex or emporium related to trade on the Dead Sea.
If Qumran was some sort of community or monastic center, where did the members live? The built part could not have housed more than fifty or so. In 1995, however, Hanan Eshel noticed trails leading down into gullies near the site. He explored them with a metal detector and found hundreds of metal sandal nails, as well as coins from the period in question (the Second Temple period). Following these trails westward, he discovered that they led to caves, of which five were excavated. These contained pottery from the time. So at least some of Qumran's residents (200 at the most) had lived in caves near the site, going back and forth on these trails and occasionally losing a sandal nail. Others may have lived in tents or booths on the plateau where the community building stood.
In many of the scrolls, a group appears whose practices and beliefs resemble those of a group designated as the Essenes by Josephus, Philo, and Pliny the Elder. According to Wise, Abegg, and Cook, p. 13, about 40% of the nonbiblical documents "presuppose a particular kind of [social-religious] organization and share a distinctive set of doctrines, a unique theological vocabulary, and a special perspective on history." Those who wrote these sectarian scrolls referred to themselves not by the name Essenes, however, rather as the Yahad, which is Hebrew for "unity."
1. Like the Essenes of Josephus, one subdivision of the Yahad practiced a kind of communism: each member gave the community all his property, in turn receiving from the others what he needed.
2. They believed in a strict form of predestination.
3. They believed in a rigid dualism of spirit and flesh.
4. They required a trial year before membership, followed by one (scrolls) or two (Josephus) years of probation.
5. They forbade spitting in the midst of the assembly.
6. There was a strong emphasis on ritual bathing.
Wise, Abegg, and Cook (op. cit., pp. 25-26) also mention discrepancies between the scrolls and the descriptions by the three classical authors. These can be explained, however, without giving up the equation between the Yahad and a particular subgroup of the Essenes. For example, one of the scrolls, the Damasus Document, does not require celibacy, but the Manual of Discipline does. Philo and Pliny describe the Essenes as celibate. Josephus, however, mentions two Essene orders: one celibate and one not.
Also, the descriptions by Josephus, Philo and Pliny are not extensive (Josephus, the longest, has twelve paragraphs on the Essenes in his Jewish War plus one in the Antiquities), whereas the scrolls take up hundreds of pages. We would not expect the classical authors to mention all the points that are salient in the scrolls. An argument from silence is not persuasive. In War..., for instance, Josephus does not mention the leading role of the priests among the Essenes, but he does do so in the Antiquities (XVIII 1, 5). The three classical sources do not mention the solar calendar, so prominent in the scrolls, which stands in contrast with the lunar calendar of the Pharisees, who founded today's normative Judaism. But the classical sources do not discuss the calendar at all. Moreover, Josephus writes about the Essenes as if they identified God with the sun (War II Chapter 8, Pars. 5 and 9).
Two scrolls (the Damascus Document and the Ordinances) contain regulations about the treatment of slaves, whereas Philo and Josephus maintained that the Essenes had none. But Philo appears to be projecting his own philosophy onto the Essenes; the egalitarianism he attributes to them is contradicted by his own descriptions of their hierarchy. As for Josephus, he mentions the avoidance of slaves in the same breath with the avoidance of marriage. As with marriage, his description should probably be limited to a particular subdivision among the Essenes.
"Thousands of ages" is an exaggeration: the order existed, at most, from 200 BC to 68 AD (and probably only from 100 BC). And we don't know what "lying below" would have meant. But the notion that the Essenes lived on the west side of the Dead Sea fits well with the caves around Qumran, where the scrolls were found.
In summary, it seems right to identify the Yahad of the scrolls with a subgroup of the Essenes. Let us now hear more about them.
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0.95371 |
Increased activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) cascade due to activating mutations in the guanosine triphosphatase family of Ras proteins that lies upstream of the first kinase (Raf) in the ERK-MAPK cascade occurs in many forms of cancer. Kubota et al. show that, in addition to activating the pathway, oncogenic forms of Ras also prevent down-regulation of the pathway through SUMOylation of the second kinase in the pathway, MEK. Using a combination of in vitro and cultured cell assays, the authors showed that MEK1 and MEK2 were SUMOylated and that SUMOylated MEK was phosphorylated by the upstream kinase Raf effectively but exhibited poor activity toward its substrate ERK. Introduction of a SUMOylation-defective mutant enhanced signaling through the ERK pathway in various cultured cells. In vitro assays and experiments with cells expressing a form of MEK1 that was constitutively SUMOylated showed that both SUMOylated and unSUMOylated MEK1 were efficiently phosphorylated by Raf but that SUMOylated MEK had reduced activity toward and decreased interaction with its substrate ERK. The MAPK kinase kinase MEKK1 interacts with both MEK and Ubc9 (the E2 component of the SUMOylation machinery) and is itself SUMOylated, a common property of SUMO E3 ligases. Knockdown of MEKK1 reduced MEK SUMOylation in transfected cells, and in vitro studies showed that kinase-inactivated MEKK1 enhanced the efficiency of MEK1 SUMOylation. Thus, MEKK1 appears to SUMOylate MEK to limit activity of the ERK pathway. To determine whether MEK SUMOylation was involved in Ras-mediated carcinogenesis, the authors examined anchorage-independent growth of cells expressing various activating or dominant-negative mutants of components of the ERK pathway, which revealed that expression of the SUMOylation-defective mutant MEK1 enhanced colony formation when cells were transformed with activated forms of ErbB2 (a growth factor receptor), Raf-1, and B-Raf, but not with activated forms of Ras. Activated mutants of any of the three Ras family members prevented MEK1 SUMOylation, whereas dominant-negative mutants or mutants defective in membrane localization did not inhibit MEK SUMOylation. Oncogenic Ras enhanced the interaction of MEKK1 with Ubc9, which likely interfered with the SUMOylation cycle, which requires release and re-engagement of the E2 and E3 components. Cancer cell lines from patients with activating mutations in any of the three Ras isoforms had undetectable SUMOylated MEK1, and SUMOylation was restored by pharmacological inhibition of Ras activity with farnesyltransferase inhibitors or a combination of these inhibitors and inhibitors of geranylgeranyltransferases. These data reveal a negative feedback mechanism of the ERK pathway, a second mechanism by which oncogenic Ras promotes cancer, and suggest that enhancing MEK SUMOylation may provide a strategy in fighting cancers associated with excessive ERK pathway activity.
Oncogenic Ras mutants stimulate the first kinase in the MAPK pathway (Raf) and prevent SUMOylation-mediated inhibition of the second kinase, MEK.
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0.992691 |
The oil industry has witnessed extreme crude price volatility in recent years. The dominant causes besides political factors include price speculation, the strengthening of US markets due to their ‘shale revolution’, and the increasing interest to leverage greener energy sources at a global scale.
The trend is likely to continue in the short term, driving oil companies to respond by prioritising their production investments in accordance with demand, and saving costs where they can. Whenever the oil price drops, oil companies respond by delaying production investments, and when prices rise they increase investments. This volatility poses huge pressure on them as they need to respond quickly, or risk having surplus stock and an overabundance of resources in times of low demand, and too little stock and resources in times of high demand.
Investment prioritisation is critical at both low and peak points in the oil market. Oil companies need to weigh the costs of oil extraction in areas where drilling or accessing oil is extra resource intensive. It often makes sense to shut these sites down during periods of low demand, and only keep them operational when demand is high. Technology plays a vital role in giving oil companies the insights they need to plan better and execute in this volatile market.
Oil companies have been using technology, such as sensors and automation for a long time now. They now need to invest in ‘new age’ technology that offers more. With real time data collection and leading-edge analytics, the advancements made in digital technology will help oil companies act faster and avoid the costs of delayed reactions.
Data, and the value thereof, continues to be a much-discussed topic across all industries, and oil companies are quickly catching on to the benefits offered by real time data analytics, and subsequent automation and optimisation opportunities.
Additionally, the oil industry can leverage data insights to give companies better visibility into customer preferences , and its impact on product requirements for e.g: changing customer preferences for greener products lowering plastics demand. Market planning and forecasting will improve and lower inventory carrying costs. All of these help oil companies to strike an almost real time balance of costs versus demand.
How can the oil industry use technology to its advantage?
Unfortunately, AI adoption may be on the rise, but it is a long-term process, requiring extensive training and exposure to data, access to quality data repositories, effective writing of algorithms and a number of other dynamic requirements. With the rapid enhancement of these technologies, it is beneficial to partner with service providers who understand both the industry demand and technology trends in order to effectively bring them to solve the business ask and mitigate potential implementation problems.
There are scores of use cases and case studies that prove the effectiveness of technology within the oil and gas industries, however it needs to be coupled with experience, knowledge and an acumen for avoiding errors that past projects have encountered.
Oil and gas businesses that leverage a knowledgeable and experienced partner can extract the benefits of technology while foregoing the risk and concern, helping to engender more stability in an in increasingly volatile market.
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Is Selling Out Different Than Buying In?
What did all of this achieve?
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How did the architects rethink the possibilities of interior office design for warehouse-type spaces?
AB design studio offers a sustainable, customizable, and innovative interiors solution with WI:CO, or Warehouse Interior Container Office, to create a vibrant and functional workplace that redefines the traditional office environment.
Developed to support a range of warehouse settings, WI:CO is an adaptable, interlocking shipping container-based system that celebrates modular design, while employing green practices grounded in sustainability, efficiency, and craft. An efficient use of reclaimed mobile shipping containers results in a quick construction process while reducing onsite waste. Adjustable workspaces and conference rooms feature sliding glass doors, refined wall and flooring systems, and smart technology to support inspiring places for private or group activities. Breakout areas, on the mezzanine and around the modules, facilitate communication and collaboration between employees, and can be used for additional meeting space or informal teamwork.
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Use the videos and step-by-step drawing instructions below to learn how to draw a cartoon Mummy for Halloween. Stay tooned for more tutorials!
To draw a Mummy step by step, follow along with the video tutorial below and pause the video after each step to go at your own pace. You may find it easier to follow the step-by-step drawings below. The new lines in each step are shown in red, and each step is explained in the text below the photo, so you'll know exactly what to draw in each step. You may want to open the video in a new tab and use both drawing methods! Take your time and draw at your own pace.
Step 1: Draw an oval near the top of the paper as a guide for the mummy's head. First make four small marks to indicate its height and width. Then connect the marks using curved lines. The farther apart the initial marks are, the bigger the head will be.
Step 2: Inside the head, near the middle, draw a curved, horizontal line for the bottom edge of the first bandage. Closer to the top of the head, draw another curved line for the top edge of the bandage. Under the first line, draw two small half-circles for the mummy's angry eyes peeking through the bandages.
Step 3: Near the bottom of the head, draw two more lines for another bandage. Curve the lines downward so that they form a sort of frowning mouth for the mummy.
Step 4: Draw a few more curved lines inside the mummy's head to complete the wrapped bandages. Add a couple of short lines inside the bandages for extra detail on the folds. Draw the lines in the middle pretty close to the eyes so that the eyes barely peek through the bandages.
Step 5: On the lower, right side of the head, draw a sloping, oval- like shape with a flat bottom for the mummy's upper arm.
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Farmers could now process more wheat much quicker and with less labor force. The Mechanical Reaper The Mechanical Reaper was built by Cyrus McCormick in 1831. McCormick's reaper could cut more wheat in a day than a half-dozen farmhands. Lee Trinkle, Former Governor of Virginia in 1931. Effective Stress is the grain to grain contact of soil particles. Determined to improve his machine, he spent the next ten years improving it. McCormick reaper The original McCormick reaper, 1831.
The first reapers cut the standing grain and, with a revolving reel, swept it onto a platform from which it was raked off into piles by a man walking alongside. How could a nation be expected to operate if it took a month to send and receive information? The machine's speed increased crop yields, decreased the number of farmhands needed and helped turn the Midwest into the nation's breadbasket. Twenty years later, 170 million bushels were harvested. The reaper, which one observer likened to a cross between a wheelbarrow and a chariot, was capable of cutting six acres of oats in one afternoon, the equivalent of 12 men working with scythes. By the time the ended, several people were dead and four more were on trial for their lives.
It brought about an industrial revolution as well as a vast change in agriculture. To send messages, a person would press down on the key in a code, which became known as Morse Code. Political The influences the mechanical reaper had on the political side of things was: 1. This effectively quantises the orientation of the electrons orbit. Its development was a major event in the history of agriculture, playing a critical role in the mechanization of agriculture that occurred during the 19th century. While the mechanical reaper offered many advantages, farmers originally looked at it with skepticism.
Cyrus' father, Robert McCormick, had extensively researched the mechanical reaper, but his design was never perfected. During the Industrial Revolution, inventors and engineers attempted to improve technology to make it easier to relay information, transport goods, farm more efficiently, spin cotton quicker, etc. Before the reaper, the amount of grain that could be cut by hand during the short harvest season limited both food supply and farm sizes. Joseph Henry had been experimenting with electromagnets and a telegraph system. In 1834, inventor Cyrus McCormick took out a patent on his invention and, soon after, began manufacturing the reaper himself.
This proved to be a huge economic benefit in the agricultural world. Fingers held the wheat while it was cut. The fire was a blessing in disguise because it essentially destroyed an outdated factory. McCormick only had to walk beside the machine and rake the wheat stalks into piles which could be bound as usual. This also increased the efficiency of sewing. A few years later, in the 1850s, Isaac Singer invented the modern sewing machine. Plus having mechanical reapers takes jobs away from people who might otherwise be able to make a living.
What was the main impact of cyrus mccormick's reaper and john deere's steel plow on agriculture?
The 1871 Chicago fire destroyed McCormick's factory. These inventions made it easier to mend clothing in your own home, rather than go out and have someone else hand-sew your clothing for you. The reaper was eventually replaced by the self-propelled combine, operated by one man, which cuts gathers, threshes, and sacks the grain mechanically. When the McCormick reaper was returned to the , the site of the Great Exhibition, word had spread. Slowly, by word of mouth and by creating a better product than the competitors who rushed to market with similar machines, he built his reputation.
The nation needed a faster way to communicate. His telegraph was a success. In 1819 Jethro Wood patented an iron-bladed plow then in 1837, John Deere engineered a plow with sharp-edged steel blades that cut cleanly through the sod. Because McCormick was concerned with quality, he was an innovator. The was invented by Cyrus McCormick 1809-1884 , a Virginia blacksmith, in 1831. His invention, the McCormick 'Virginia' reaper, revolutionized farming by combining many steps involved in harvesting crops into one machine.
They increase the amount of farmland each individual farmer can work, which means that more people are required in theory to help with other tasks. McCormick produced more of the machines, and at first he only sold them to local farmers. The mechanical reaper expanded the national market economy by increasing the amount of wheat a farmer could harvest in a limited harvest season, improving the food supply and freeing farm laborers to work in factories. Although the first mechanical reaper was patented in 1834, several societies used their own versions historically. In 1831 Cyrus, aged 22, tried his hand at building a. And that meant farmhands going off to war had less impact on grain production. Because farmers were able to harvest wheat so quickly, they began to plant more of it.
Even today, more than 160 years later, farming machinery for cutting wheat is similar to what he invented back in the 1830s. In 1830, 40 million bushels of wheat were harvested. After numerous tests, the reaper was harvesting about an acre an hour; whereas before, it would have taken an entire day to harvest anywhere between an acre to three acres. Cyrus' horse-drawn reaper used back-and-forth-moving cutting blades and a revolving device to push cut grain onto the back of the machine. Beginning in 1831, 22-year-old Cyrus McCormick continued his father's failed quest to produce a mechanical reaper design.
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I would like to preface this article by saying that quite often the right information can completely change a person's attitude towards a problem. Please read this carefully and I hope it will help you.
It is generally well known that both men and women can suffer significant hair loss.
Having said that it may not , however, be well known that more than 50% of men,at some time in their lives, will suffer with Male Pattern Baldness (MPB.) also known as androgenetic alopecia. There is no evidence at the present time to suggest that this will happen at any particular time in a person's life.
The major reason which accounts for hair loss is a genetically inherited sensitivity to Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 - alpha- reductase. The enzyme 5 -alpha-reductase actually converts testosterone, a male hormone , to DHT . This is the substance which has been identified as the end cause for hair loss.
Norwood Scale 1 - This is considered as being a normal head of hair, and consequently has no visible hair loss.
Norwood Scale 2 - This is considered a primary stage of of hair loss, with the hair receding in a wedge shaped pattern from front to back of the head.
Norwood Scale 3 - The hair is still receding in a wedge shaped pattern, but the hairline has now receded farther back into the frontal and the temporal regions.
Norwood Scale 4 - The hair is still receding but is now a lot more severe in the frontal and temporal regions. In addition to the more severe recession of the hairline in the frontal and temporal regions there is hair loss at the very top centre of the head. Generally, however, there will be a bridge of hair which remains between that region and the front.
Norwood Scale 5 - The bridge of hair, between the frontal region and the top centre is also known as the vertex and at this stage the hair in this region will have started to become thin.
Norwood Scale 6 - The hair loss at this stage has become quite severe, and the bridge of hair between the frontal area and the vertex will have disappeared completely.
Norwood Scale 7 - This is the final stage of hair loss. The hair has now receded back to the base of the head, and also to just above the ears on the sides.
It is generally accepted that the Norwood patterns are genetically determined.
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Hey guys, in my 2005 S2000 I'm having an issue with water getting into the trunk. I've read some articles on the forums and many of them point towards water getting in through the trunk vent. I looked there and it just doesn't seem to be the problem to me but I could be wrong. Only the right side of the carpet is getting wet, the left side is bone dry no signs of water at all. Just looking for some second opinions. Thanks!
I bought an AP2 back in June that had water in the trunk. Mine was running down the left hand side and into the trunk tub. I stripped the interior, sealed the trunk vent, and checked to top drains to start off and still had some leakage.. My car also had an aftermarket top that was recently installed when I bought it. I noticed some details about the top install that seemed somewhat poorly done and assumed my leak was likely due to a top install. I found an installer on this board that has done hundreds of them and drove up to have him take a look. He determined that my rain rail was leaking/damaged and I needed to buy a new one. A new rain rail was around $200 + shipping for a large package and labor for having someone backtrack through a top install. The guy knew exactly what he was doing to gut the back side of the top in about 30 minutes and get to the root of the problem. The previous installer had broken a bunch of interior plastics and just botched the job. I replaced the plastics while I was in it.
Basically, I drove 1.5 hours up to him at first for him to diagnose it. I bought a new rain rail and the other interior plastics that I wanted to replace in the process and drove up again to have it fixed. A few hundred dollars later and I'm all sealed up. And this is why I am very specific as to who I let work on my car. I replaced a trunk pan in my old S2k due to a leaking trunk and didn't want to do it again. Because the old owner took a cheap/easy way to replace the top, the work sucked and caused what could have been a bigger/more expensive problem.
TL;DR Pour water on the backside of the top and see if it comes in through there. Clean the drains out, seal the vent anyways. Leave the interior out and see if you're still leaking. Find a known top installer and have them inspect your rain rail. If bad, replace it. If your top is bad at the same time, best to use the labor you're paying for to just replace the top at the same time.
S2k trunk water leak common?
Quick Reply: Water in my trunk?
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The Association of Scientific Workers (AScW) was a trade union in the United Kingdom. It was founded as the National Union of Scientific Workers in 1918, changing its name to the Association of Scientific Workers in 1927.
The union largely represented laboratory and technical workers in universities, the National Health Service and in chemical and metal manufacturing. It was the union for scientists with a conscience, and could name half-a-dozen Nobel Prize winners amongst its membership. The former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher was also a member.
Alan Nunn May (2 May 1911 – 12 January 2003) was a British physicist, and a confessed and convicted Soviet spy, who supplied secrets of British and United States atomic research to the Soviet Union during World War II.
The Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs (ASTMS) was a British trade union which existed between 1969 and 1988.
The Association of Supervisory Staffs, Executives and Technicians (ASSET), was a British trade union, chiefly representing supervisors in the metal working and transport industries. It was formed from the National Foremen's Association, founded in 1918.
David Clive Jenkins (2 May 1926 – 22 September 1999) was a British trade union leader. "Organising the middle classes", his stated recreation in Who's Who, sums up both his sense of humour and his achievements in the British trade union movement.
Dorothy Mary Moyle Needham FRS (22 September 1896 – 22 December 1987) was an English biochemist known for her work on the biochemistry of muscle. She was married to biochemist Joseph Needham.
Eric Henry Stoneley Burhop, (31 January 1911 – 22 January 1980) was an Australian physicist and humanitarian.
During the Second World War, he worked in the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney, where he produced a laboratory model of a cavity magnetron. In September 1942, he returned to Melbourne as the officer in charge of the Radar Research Laboratory, where he continued the development of cavity magnetrons and reflex klystrons for radar sets. In May 1944, he became one of three Australian physicists who worked on the Manhattan Project, which created the first atomic bombs. In early 1945, Harrie Massey offered Burhop a position as a lecturer in the Mathematics Department at University College, London. He fostered international cooperation in nuclear physics.
While never formally charged with atomic espionage or so much as directly questioned by investigators, due to his leftist political views, anti-nuclear activism as well as his personal links to exposed Soviet spies, Burhop was the subject of comprehensive surveillance on the part of the UK, U.S. and Australia′s counterespionage agencies in the 1940s–1950s, a fact that was publicised in 2019.
Harry Cavan C.B.E. (1915 – 16 January 2000) (Henry Hartrick Cavan) was Senior Vice-President of FIFA from 1980 to 1990, and president of the Irish Football Association from 1958 to 1994. Its Harry Cavan Youth Cup is named after him.
Harry Grundfest (January 10, 1904 – October 10, 1983) was an American neurologist.
He was the president of the Association of Scientific Workers, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, professor emeritus of neurology at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, a member of the Physiological Society of London and the Japanese Physiological Society.
He was also the chairman of the American Medical Advisory Board to Hebrew University and the Hadassah Medical School.
He received the Order of the Rising Sun from the Japanese government, which is the highest award given to foreigners and seldom is given to U.S. scientists. He also received the Claude Bernard Medal of the Sorbonne, as well as the Physicians and Surgeons Distinguished Service Award from Columbia University.
The Irish Trade Union Congress (ITUC) was a union federation covering the island of Ireland.
John K. Dutton (11 June 1909 – 21 April 1985) was a British trade union leader.
Dutton began his working life in a socialist bookshop. During World War II, he served with the London Fire Brigade, and became active in the Fire Brigades Union.In 1949, Dutton began working for the Association of Scientific Workers (AScW), and two years later he was appointed the union's deputy general secretary. He was elected as general secretary of the union in 1955.Clive Jenkins was elected as secretary of the Association of Supervisory Staffs, Executives and Technicians in 1960, and Dutton began negotiating a merger between the two unions. This was completed in 1969, forming the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs, with Dutton and Jenkins as joint general secretaries. Dutton retired in 1970, but became general secretary of the World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFSW). In 1985, he visited Moscow as part of his WSFW role, and died while he was there.
Constance Mary Hart, Baroness Hart of South Lanark, (née Ridehalgh; 18 September 1924 – 8 December 1991), known as Judith Hart, was a British Labour Party politician. She served as a government minister during the 1960s and 1970s before entering the House of Lords in 1988.
Kathleen Margaret Maria Sherrard (15 February 1898 – 21 August 1975) was an Australian geologist and paleontologist.
This is a List of affiliates of the Trades Union Congress, that is, member trade unions of the Trades Union Congress.
Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, it underwent a number of name changes until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.In addition to its membership in the C9 League, Nanjing University has been designated a Class A institution in the Double First Class University plan, a government initiative to cultivate an elite group of Chinese universities into "world-class" institutions. The university is perennially ranked one of the best research universities in China, and one of China's most selective universities. It is ranked among the top universities worldwide in major global university rankings. Regarding research output, the Nature Index 2017 ranks Nanjing University number 2 in China, number 3 in Asia Pacific and number 12 in the world.NJU has two main campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, and the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing.
The New Zealand Association of Scientists is a professional body for scientists in New Zealand. It was founded in 1942 as the New Zealand Association of Scientific Workers, and renamed in 1954. It differs from the Royal Society of New Zealand in being an independent non-profit incorporated society and registered charity, rather than being constituted by an Act of Parliament. While not being entirely non-political, the Association focuses on policy and social responsibility aspects of science.
The Association publishes a peer reviewed journal the New Zealand Science Review which is a "a forum for the exchange of views on science and science policy issues." The Association awards several annual awards including the Marsden Medal for service rendered to the cause or profession of science, the Hill Tinsley Medal, the Shorland Medal and the Cranwell Medal (formerly known as the Science Communicator Medal).
Pushpa Mittra Bhargava (22 February 1928 – 1 August 2017) was an Indian scientist, writer, and administrator. He founded the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, a federally funded research institute, in Hyderabad. He was outspoken and highly influential in the development of scientific temper in India, and argued that scientific rationalism needed to be cultivated as a civic duty.
Reginald Claude Sprigg, AO, HonDSc ANU, HonDSc Flinders, MSc Adelaide, FTSE (1 March 1919 – 2 December 1994) was an Australian geologist and conservationist. At 17 he became the youngest Fellow of the Royal Society of South Australia. During 1946, in the Ediacara Hills, South Australia he discovered the Ediacara biota, an assemblage of some of the most ancient animal fossils known. He was involved with oceanographic research and petroleum exploration by various companies that he initiated. In 1968, he acquired a derelict pastoral lease, Arkaroola, and transformed it into a wildlife sanctuary and wilderness reserve.
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Namibia is a mostly arid nation, although wetter grasslands and savannas predominate in the northeast.
Angolan Mopane Woodlands in Namibia.
Namibia, officially known as the Republic of Namibia, is located in the southern part of Africa. Its capital and the largest city is Windhoek. It borders four counties namely; Zambia, Angola, Botswana, and South Africa. It was colonized by the German empire in the 19th Century, but South African forces overthrew the empire in 1915. On March, 21st 1990, Namibia gained its independence from South Africa. It is the 34th largest country in the world with an area of 318,772 square miles and a population of approximately 2.1 million. It is located between two deserts in the sub-Saharan region of Africa; the Kalahari and Namib deserts.
Angolan Mopane Woodlands is an ecosystem extending from the southwestern part of Angola to the north of Namibia. It is composed of Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands which are widely spread in regions such as the Omusati, Oshana, Kunene, and Oshikoto. The landscape is flat and rainy seasons are rare in late summer. The main type of vegetation found here are the mopane trees also known as butterfly trees because of the shape of its leaves. Several mammals including carnivorous such as lions and leopards are found in this ecosystem.
Etosha is a national park located in Kunene region. It was established in 1907 as a game reserve but was elevated to a national park in 1967 by an act of parliament of South Africa. It covers an area of 8600 square miles and is home to several species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. This park has a savanna desert climate with extreme temperatures in both summer and winter. Vegetation types found here are; the saline desert, the savanna woodlands, the dwarf shrub savanna and grasslands in the sandy soil. Its Biome is Zambezi freshwater from river Zambezi.
Namaqua is a national park located in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa near its border with Namibia. The park has an arid (semi-desert) environment with hot and dry summers, cold winters, generally sparse rainfall, and high precipitation from May to August. Succulent plants thrive in this ecosystem and are adapted to retain water in dry conditions. The park stretches along the western coasts of both Namibia and South Africa, with over 5,000 plant species in this biome of Atlantic Marine.
The Kalahari Desert is a large semi-arid sandy savannah in the southern part of Africa extending across three countries namely; Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa and covers an area of 350,000 square miles. Small amounts of rainfall are evidenced, but in summer, temperatures are very high. Despite the harsh environmental conditions, some native plants like the Acacia are found, few endemic species and a variety other animals. .
Endemic fauna and flora of the Angolan Mopane Woodlands face a threat of extinction due to the clearing of the woodlands and grasslands for agriculture, timber, or firewood.The Namaqua is a threatened biodiverse ecoregion with endemic reptiles and several plant and flower species which are under protection by the government.The animals of Kalahari face major threat due to the clearing of their habitat and grazing fields for agricultural activities by humans. The expansion of the Namib and Kalahari deserts is also a major threat to the ecoregions.
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Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), better known by his stage name Eminem or his alter ego Slim Shady, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Eminem quickly gained popularity in 1999 with his major-label debut album, The Slim Shady LP, which won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. The following album, The Marshall Mathers LP, became the fastest-selling solo album in United States history. It brought Eminem increased popularity, including his own record label, Shady Records, and brought his group project, D12, to mainstream recognition. As well as being a member of D12, Eminem is also one half of the hip-hop duo Bad Meets Evil (the other member being Royce da 5'9").
The Marshall Mathers LP and his third major album, The Eminem Show, also won Grammy Awards, making Eminem the first artist to win Best Rap Album for three consecutive LPs. He then won the award again in 2010 for his album Relapse and in 2011 for his album Recovery, giving him a total of 13 Grammys in his career. In 2003, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself" from the film, 8 Mile, in which he also played the lead. "Lose Yourself" would go on to become the longest running No. 1 hip hop single. Eminem then went on hiatus after touring in 2005. He released his first album since 2004's Encore, titled Relapse, on May 15, 2009. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the decade on the US Nielsen SoundScan, and has sold more than 86.5 million albums worldwide to date, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. In 2010, Eminem released his seventh studio album Recovery. It became Eminem's sixth consecutive number-one album in the US and achieved international commercial success, charting at number one in several other countries. It stayed at number-one on the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks and a total of seven weeks. Recovery was reported by Billboard to be the best-selling album of 2010, making Eminem the first artist in Nielsen SoundScan history to have two year-end best-selling albums. Recovery is the best selling digital album in history. Recovery was also named the best selling album worldwide of 2010 joining The Eminem Show which was the best seller of 2002 giving him 2 worldwide year end number 1 albums. With Recovery, Eminem achieved the record for most successive US No.1 albums by a solo artist.
In 2005, Eminem was ranked 79th on the VH1 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time. He was also ranked 82nd on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was also named the Best Rapper Alive by Vibe magazine in 2008. Including his work with D12, Eminem has achieved ten No. 1 albums on the Billboard Top 200, 7 solo (6 studio albums, 1 compilation), 2 with D12 and 1 with Bad Meets Evil. Eminem has had 13 number one singles worldwide. In December 2009, Eminem was named the Artist of the Decade by Billboard magazine. His albums The Eminem Show, The Marshall Mathers LP, and Encore (in order) ranked as the 3rd, 7th, and 40th best-selling albums of the 2000–2009 decade by Billboard magazine. Also according to Billboard, Eminem has two of his albums among the top five highest selling albums of the 2000s. In the UK, Eminem has sold over 12.5 million records. Eminem has also sold more than 33 million track downloads and 39.6 million albums in the United States alone. In 2010, MTV ranked Eminem as the 7th biggest icon in pop music history.During 2010, Eminem's music generated 94 million streams, more than any other music artist. "Love the Way You Lie", the second single from 2010's Recovery was the best-selling single of 2010 in the United Kingdom even though it did not reach number 1 there, this is the first time this has happened in the UK since 1969. Eminem has totaled over 1 billion views on his music videos on his official Vevo page on YouTube.
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0.947343 |
Distressed Debt Investing: One of the best pieces of investment advice I've ever read.
One of the best pieces of investment advice I've ever read.
That question - at what price? - isn't just the right question to ask about bonds versus stocks today. It's the right question regarding every investment at every point in time.
I try every chance I get to convince people that in investing, there's no such thing as a good idea...or a bad idea. Anything can be a good idea at one price and time, and a bad one at another."
"It has been demonstrated time and time again that no asset is so good that it can't become a bad investment if bought at too high a price. And there are few assets so bad that they can't be a good investment when bought cheap enough ... No asset class or investment has the birthright of a high return. It's only attractive if it's priced right."
"Risk is not inherent in an investment; it is always relative to price paid. Uncertainty is not the same as risk. Indeed, when great uncertainty - such as in the Fall of 2008 - drive security prices to especially low levels, they often become less risk investments."
"The future is never clear; you pay a very high price in the stock market for a cheery consensus. Uncertainty is the friend of the buyer of long-term values."
All three quotes lay out the same principle: Price is what matters.
When I hear friends talk about how terrible an investment idea is, I always pose the question: At what price would you buy this security?
In Howard Mark's aforementioned recent letter (found here) he discusses the current state of the credit markets. In a previous post on Distressed Debt Investing ("Credit Markets Quite Possibly Insane"), I talked about what was going on in the investment grade and high yield markets. Then things were getting nutty.
The last few days have convinced me credit investors have lost their minds (again).
On Bloomberg, their is a function - It is essentially what is going on in the new issue monitor in the credit space. The last three days have been the busiest I can remember in the primary space (across investment grade, high yield, and bank debt). Worse, all in yields are remarkably low and more and more dividend deals are getting announced. I do not think there is a second lien dividend deal out there (my indicator for "Sell Everything"), but I may have missed it given the enormity of the primary market.
Yes - I understand the argument - "Where else am I going to get yield?" But from the same people that asked the EXACT same question in February 2007. Dealers fuel the flame because when credit markets roar, bankers / traders / syndicate gets paid.
Look at that chart from January 1st, 2010. Spreads widen, spreads collapse, spreads wide, spreads collapse. Does this look like a healthy market to anyone? If investors started worrying more about price (spreads in credit land), versus chasing yield, this market would feel less insane. Alas, reach for yield continues, unabated - I hear the forward calendar continues to grow as CFO and treasurers RACE to beat the window of cheap debt issuance.
Who is going to be that last buyer who get's stuck holding the bag of the worst issuers? Tread carefully.
Risk is not a function of volatility, beta, or anything of that sort - it is a function of price. The more you pay for something, the riskier it is. The less you pay, the more security you get in that security.
It does take a strong understanding of the situation and company to be able to invest like this, but it's really the only way I'm comfortable ever investing.
Another lesson I learned was to put the odds in my favor... that's the best we can do.
Hunter, what BB function are you referring to?
Regarding issuance, in the first week of September, corporations issued $33.7 billion in investment grade debt, the highest weekly amount since May 2008, according to an analysis conducted by Thomson Reuters. Thirty-five offerings were made, the most in about three years. Despite last week's surge, year-to-date issuance is at the lowest level since 2005.
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0.97292 |
What's the best part of the winter holidays? That amazingly fresh, pine-y scent of the Christmas tree that brings the outside in and breathes life into the whole house!
We've captured that wonderfully evocative scent with this fragrance oil, which begin with top notes of pine, spruce, and cedarleaf, with a sharp green middle of galbanum and green apple, all atop a woody base (and one that's cut unevenly, if it's anything like the Christmas trees I buy every year) of oakmoss, sandalwood, and patchouli. Bottom line: If you always forget to water and hate picking up all those fallen needles, tie this fragrance to the top of your car (so to speak), and bring home the wonderful, fresh, pine-y holiday scent of a Christmas tree with none of the hassle!
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0.999842 |
Malvo, together committed the 2002 Beltway sniper attacks, killing 10 people.
support that argument. At his trial, Muhammad was found guilty was found guilty of capital murder. Four months later he was sentenced to death.
to make a final statement.
of a plot to extort $10 million from local and state governments.
detective as Muhammad's, demanded money in exchange for stopping the shootings.
one testified that they saw him do so.
On November 17, 2003, Muhammad was convicted of all four counts in the indictment against him: capital murder for the shooting of Dean H.
sentenced John Allen Muhammad to death.
he was not the trigger man in the killings done by Muhammad and his young accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Donald W.
Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. contributed to a $2.5 million out-of-court settlement 2004.
by Virginia Governor Tim Kaine.
Under Virginia law, an inmate is allowed to choose the method by which he or she will be put to death, either lethal injection or the electric chair.
Because Muhammad declined to select a method, by law, the method of lethal injection was selected for him.
extortion attempt would be used to begin a new nation of only young, "pure" black people somewhere in Canada.
when it was spotted parked in a Interstate 70 rest stop in Myersville, Maryland.
Pascal Charlot 72 Killed October 3, 2002, 9:20 PM Washington, D.C.
I State Prison near Waverly in Sussex County, Virginia, which houses Virginia's death row inmates.
Maryland to face charges there.
victims in California, Arizona, and Texas, making 17 victims.
appeals of his conviction and death sentence "so that you can murder this innocent black man."
legal decisions, and that he should not have been allowed to represent himself at his Virginia trial.
concluded", while noting that they concurred with the decision that the appeal ought not be heard.
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0.998317 |
There have been some really good poker movies ("Rounders") released over the past 10-15 years, as well as some really bad ones (practically any poker movie released after the "boom" of 2003-04).
Hollywood is taking another shot at the world of poker, as New Regency and Stone Village Pictures are teaming up on "Runner Runner".
The film, which is set to start shooting soon, will start Ben Affleck, Justin Timberlake and Anthony Mackie.
The film's script was written by Brian Koppelman and David Levien, who also wrote the script for "Rounders".
"Timberlake stars as a Princeton student who is cheated out of his tuition money playing online poker. He flies to Costa Rica hoping to reclaim his losses from the site's billionaire owner (Affleck) and ends up becoming the corrupt CEO's right-hand man."
"Mackie is in talks to play an FBI agent who has spent years trying to bring down Affleck's character and sees Timberlake as the key to his investigation.
Pic co-stars "Project X" thesp Oliver Cooper, who will play an Ivy League computer nerd who works for Affleck's site."
Given the fact that Koppelman and Levien wrote the script for "Runner Runner", there is a strong chance that the movie will actually be decent.
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0.999988 |
(NaturalNews) The American Tradition Institute (ATI)'s Environmental Law Center, a public policy "think tank" that advocates for free-market environmental and resource stewardship, has filed a federal lawsuit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for allegedly conducting illegal and inhumane experimentation on human test subjects. According to Courthouse News Service (CNS), the EPA has been using humans as guinea pigs to test the effects of exposure to fine particulate pollution, also known as PM2.5, which "can kill people shortly after exposure."
Though the agency has already determined that there is no safe level of exposure to PM2.5, which is commonly emitted by vehicles that burn diesel fuel and by power plants that burn coal fuel, the EPA has still intentionally conducted numerous experiments in recent years that involved humans inhaling particulate matter without informed consent. Only later did some of the participants discover that they had breathed in deadly fume particles that can lead to permanent injury or death.
"EPA is seeking human subjects suffering from mutations of the gene GSTM1, glutathione-S-transferase, and thus 'more susceptible to the effects of air pollutants,' for the express purpose of exposing them to excessive levels PM2.5 in a study they have titled 'Captain,'" says the complaint.
"In experiments conducted by EPA employees and approved by an EPA contractor serving as an Institutional Review Board, EPA has unethically, immorally, repeatedly and ultimately illegally exposed human subjects to PM2.5, a pollutant EPA states is lethal and can cause death within hours of exposure without informing the human subjects of this fact."
For what purpose is the EPA secretly poisoning human test subjects?
The EPA is already well aware that one in four deaths in the U.S. is attributable to PM2.5 exposure, and yet the agency has continued to test the particulate matter on humans, including during studies conducted in 2004, 2007, and 2008. Without informing human participants about what was taking place, the EPA deliberately exposed them to a chemical contaminant that the agency has already determined has "no safe level" of exposure.
Landon Huffman, an ATI member, was one such victim of this EPA experimentation scheme. As included in the filing, his story involves having been tricked into thinking that an EPA experiment he participated in was designed to potentially benefit his asthma symptoms. He found out later; however, that what scientists pumped into his lungs could have actually caused him to have a severe asthma attack, or even die.
David Schnare, director of ATI's Environmental Law Clinic, has long fought such inhumane human testing because of his own personal connection to the cruel medical experimentation that took place in Nazi death camps during World War II. Schnare says he was actually named after a relative who died at the Buchenwald death camp where hundreds of inmates were used as human guinea pigs to identify the lethal dose of a certain type of poison.
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0.999974 |
Original README ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TITLE AsciiTable VERSION Version 1.0 AUTHOR Rupert Hausberger DESCRIPTION Can be used to print out the ascii-table in different modes. Template "FORM/N,TO/N,DECIMAL=DEC/S,HEXADECIMAL=HEX/S,OCTAL=OCT/S,BINARY=BIN/S,CHARACTER= CHR/S,ALL/S" Example output: "asciitable from 20 to 50 all" 020 14 024 00010100 DC4 021 15 025 00010101 NAK 022 16 026 00010110 SYN 023 17 027 00010111 ETB 024 18 030 00011000 CAN 025 19 031 00011001 EM 026 1A 032 00011010 SUB 027 1B 033 00011011 ESC 028 1C 034 00011100 FS 029 1D 035 00011101 GS 030 1E 036 00011110 RS 031 1F 037 00011111 US 032 20 040 00100000 SP 033 21 041 00100001 ! 034 22 042 00100010 " 035 23 043 00100011 # 036 24 044 00100100 $ 037 25 045 00100101 % 038 26 046 00100110 & 039 27 047 00100111 ' 040 28 050 00101000 ( 041 29 051 00101001 ) 042 2A 052 00101010 * 043 2B 053 00101011 + 044 2C 054 00101100 , 045 2D 055 00101101 - 046 2E 056 00101110 . 047 2F 057 00101111 / 048 30 060 00110000 0 049 31 061 00110001 1 050 32 062 00110010 2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS MorphOS 1.x LICENSE Freeware, Open-Source. DISTRIBUTABILITY Copyright (C)2007 Rupert Hausberger.
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0.9795 |
Where can I find funding for my organization?
Nonprofits should work towards diversifying its funding sources as much as possible in an effort to strengthen the organization's sustainability and public support ratio, and to lessen the impact of a potential loss of significant amount of its funding from any one source.
Community Resource Center publishes (online only) the Colorado Grants Guide where you can find information on grants available for nonprofits, including deadlines, criteria, giving priorities and more.
Foundation Center hosts a foundation directory where you can search foundations by mission.
Federal Grants and information regarding federal grants can be found on Grants.gov. You may also visit or contact Colorado state agencies for state grants.
Local businesses, corporations and foundations give back to their community through sponsoring events, programs and organizations. Visit your local chamber of commerce website for a list of businesses in your area.
Create and refine your annual fundraising campaign. Find more resources on individual donors from The Impact Foundry.
Create an earned income program as an additional source of revenue. Find more information and resources on earned income.
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0.938033 |
Can somebody help me to further increase my understanding of analytic continuation and its applications?
At this point I understand that analytic continuation is a method of increasing the domain of a complex function.
I also know that if two functions, say $f$ and $g$, are analytic on two domains, say $\Omega_f$ and $\Omega_g$ respectively, where $f=g$ on the domain $\Omega_f\cap\Omega_g$, then $g$ is an analytic continuation of $f$.
And also, what is this used for, and what's it got to do with the Riemann Zeta Function?
Have you googled? WA, wikipedia both have articles that give more than you wrote.
You need some restriction on $\Omega_f\cap\Omega_g$, such as containing an open set.
The infinite series for the Zeta function converges only for Re(s) > 1. Continuation allows it to be extended to the whole complex plane, except for pole at s=1.
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0.999974 |
Bipartisan users, who try to bridge the echo chambers, need to pay a price for their work: they become less central in their own network, lose connections to their communities and receive less endorsements from other users.
A recent study of more than 2.7 billion tweets between 2009 and 2016 confirms that Twitter users are exposed mainly to political opinions that agree with their own. It is the largest study to characterise echo chambers by both the content in them and the networks they comprise. The findings indicate a strong correlation between biases in the content people both produce and consume. In other words, echo chambers are very real on Twitter.
'An echo chamber exists if the leaning of the content received by Twitter users is in par with the leaning of the content they share. An opinion echoes back to the user when it is being shared by others in the chamber, the social network around the user,' explains professor Aristides Gionis from Aalto University.
The study identifies three essential roles for Twitter users. Partisan users both consume and produce content with only a one-sided leaning and enjoy high appreciation measured by both network centrality and content endorsement. Gatekeepers have a central role in the formation of echo chambers because they consume content with diverse leanings but choose to produce only content with a one-sided leaning. Bipartisan users produce content with both leanings and make an effort to bridge the echo chambers, but they are less valued in their networks than their partisan counterparts.
The researchers from Aalto University, University of Helsinki and Qatar Computing Research Institute have created machine learning algorithms to predict the roles of users in several datasets. They were able to predict partisan users with nearly 80% accuracy and gatekeepers with 70% accuracy based on their tweets and network. Network centrality was measured in the underlying social network of Twitter users, and endorsement was measured in terms of the number of times a user's message is either re-posted or rated positively by other users in the network.
'Gatekeepers are a small group of users who have higher than average network centrality. However, the users that gatekeepers follow are not always connected with each other; instead, they belong to opposing sides. Finding and connecting the gatekeepers would help spread information to both sides, even though they are more challenging to identify than partisan users,' explains postdoctoral researcher Kiran Garimella, currently working at EPFL in Lausanne.
The price to pay for being bipartisan was studied for the first time on social networks. Producing content that expresses opinions aligned with both sides of a political divide has a price in terms of various aspects including network position, community connections, and content endorsement.
'In other words, the content produced by bipartisan users receives less attention - their tweets are re-posted less frequently by other users,' says professor Michael Mathioudakis from the University of Helsinki.
For all the datasets, in order to ensure that bot accounts were not included in the study, the researchers removed accounts with less than one year of activity at the time of data collection or with any abnormal features, such as suspiciously high number of connections.
'The study was aimed at understanding the interplay between the structure of echo chambers and the role of Twitter users on a scale larger than ever before,' adds Garimella.
'Our motivation was to understand how the social media users perceive the world through their Twitter feed. In future work, we are going to look more closely into different user roles and try to understand who are the users that shape online debates and how, adds Mathioudakis.
The study is presented at this year's international Web Conference (WWW2018) in Lyon, France.
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0.999834 |
Hive is a villain in the Marvel universe. Hive was created by Hydra based off the idea of bringing the ideal of many headed monster to life. Hive has not been specifically mentioned in the MCU. It is rumored that Hive could be mysterious Inhuman founder of Hydra shown in Agents of SHIELD Season 3.
Who is Inhuman Founder of Hydra?
The Hive is created in the Hydra base of Gehenna to be a physical embodiment of the Hydra ideal of being a many headed monster. Hive is a not so much a individual but an army of genetically engineered parasites. The parasites can enter attach themselves to people and control them. Generally, the people it takes over must be weakened either through injury, sickness or even death. These parasites can live on in a host body or collect and form a single figure. This entity can appear to be an individual by having a large group of the separate parasites form together. When formed together it is not actually an individual but collective of the individual parasite lifeforms.
The Hive is designed to be completely loyal and adherent to Hydra doctrines and so quickly after its creation is appointed to be one of Hydra's top figureheads along with Baron Von Strucker, Valentina Allegre de Fontaine (Then current Madame Hydra), Gorgon, and Kraken. It turns out that Allegre de Fontaine was actually a triple agent working for the group known as Leviathan. Hydra finds itself in a war with this rival group. Fontaine killed her Madame Hydra predecessor known as Viper. When the Hive sees the corpse of Viper it can't help but send its parasites into it and effectively reanimating her. This grosses out even the staunchest Hydra heads.
Viper / Hive retains much of her old self while merged with Hive. She has a large tentacle carpeted mass of the parasite attached to her head. Seeing that Strucker is weakening from the battle with Leviathan both Viper/Hive and Gorgon leave to form an alliance with Norman Osborn and his HAMMER organization. This alliance is brief but during it the Hive parasite is removed from Viper's head and yet she remains alive. Effectively the Hive had brought her back to life.
The Hive is a collection of Parasites that can be grown and created seemingly at will and fired at a target host like a bullet. These parasites can form a collective figure, made up of independent in parasites like a more complicated Cheerleader Pyramid. Individual parasites can detach and be launched at individuals as parasitic pods.
Hive speaks in an arcane language that serves as a special encrypted language that can only be understood by other Hydra agents.
Bodies infected with Hive seem to have increased strength.
The Hive seems to be only able to take over weakened or newly dead people. Sicknesses apparent in the host can also effect the Hive parasites. In one case Hive was attached to diabetic person and that trait was passed on to it.
The Hive is rumored to be the Inhuman Founder of Hydra that was trapped for thousands of years on another planet. This character appears in Season 3 of Agents of SHIELD.
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